JP7607911B2 - Method and device for diagnosing deterioration of exterior tiles - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a method and device for diagnosing the deterioration of exterior tiles on tile exterior walls.

Some buildings have exterior walls that are covered with tiles (hereafter referred to as tile exterior walls), which are effective in protecting the building's framework, weather resistance, and design. For tile exterior walls, it is necessary to investigate the condition (deterioration characteristics) of each tile (exterior tile) attached to the exterior wall, such as deterioration and looseness. Methods for diagnosing the deterioration characteristics of exterior tiles include visual inspection, percussion method, and infrared imaging, but the percussion method is generally used from the perspective of accuracy and ease of diagnosis.

Patent Document 1 discloses a method for diagnosing deterioration of tiles using fretting sounds as striking sounds. In this method, a fretting member is pressed against the tile surface and moved to record the fretting sounds emitted from the tile, and when abnormal sounds indicative of tile deterioration are extracted from the recorded fretting sounds, the frequency of the extracted abnormal sounds is analyzed.

When it comes to the sound of tiles being struck, loose ceramic shards produce a high-pitched sound, while loose base produces a low-pitched sound. For this reason, in Patent Document 1, if the frequency components of the abnormal sound are equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold, the tile deterioration is judged to be loose ceramic shards, and if the frequency components of the abnormal sound are less than the predetermined threshold, the tile deterioration is judged to be loose base. In addition, because the sound changes depending on the material and thickness of the tile, Patent Document 1 prescribes frequency thresholds for each type of tile.

JP 2017-058165 A

Incidentally, the impact sounds (rebound sounds) emitted by exterior tiles not only affect the deterioration characteristics, such as the area of the loose parts of the exterior tiles, but also differ depending on the material, size (area) and thickness of the exterior tiles. For this reason, there is room for further improvement in diagnosing the deterioration characteristics of tiles.

The present invention was made in consideration of the above facts, and aims to provide a method and device for diagnosing the deterioration properties of exterior tiles that can accurately diagnose the deterioration properties of exterior tiles.

The present invention includes the following aspects.
The deterioration property diagnosis method for exterior tiles of the first aspect of the present invention performs frequency analysis of percussion sounds for a plurality of test specimens corresponding to the exterior tiles to be diagnosed used for a tile exterior wall, thereby obtaining a unique characteristic frequency of the percussion sound corresponding to basic information including attribute information including the material, length and width dimensions, and thickness dimensions of the test specimen that affect the percussion sound of the test specimen, as well as constraint information indicating the constraint state of the test specimen to the base layer, and determining a relational expression indicating the relationship of the characteristic frequency with respect to the basic information of the test specimen, and measuring the percussion sound of the exterior tile using a measuring means and performing frequency analysis to obtain a characteristic frequency of the percussion sound of the exterior tile, and diagnosing the deterioration property of the exterior tile by comparing the characteristic frequency obtained from the relational expression for the basic information of the test specimen corresponding to the basic information of the exterior tile including the attribute information including the material, length and width dimensions, and thickness dimensions of the exterior tile, as well as constraint information indicating the constraint state of the exterior tile to the base layer, with the characteristic frequency of the exterior tile.

The second aspect of the method for diagnosing the deterioration properties of exterior tiles is the first aspect, in which the basic information of the test specimen includes deterioration information indicating the deterioration state of the adhesion of the test specimen to the base layer, and the relational equation is determined for the attribute information of the test specimen, the restraint information of the test specimen, and the deterioration information of the test specimen.

In the third aspect of the method for diagnosing the deterioration properties of exterior tiles, in the second aspect, the relational expression is expressed as a power approximation expression y=axb, in which y is the characteristic frequency of the test object, a is a coefficient determined by the attribute information of the test object, b is a coefficient determined by the constraint information of the test object, and x is a parameter determined by the constraint information including the deterioration properties, and the relational expression corresponding to the attribute information ^and constraint information of the exterior tile is used to diagnose the deterioration properties of the exterior tile.

The deterioration property diagnosis method of the fourth aspect uses, as learning data, attribute information including the material, length and width dimensions, and thickness dimensions of the exterior tile that affect the percussion sound of the exterior tile, constraint information indicating the constraint state of the exterior tile to the foundation layer, deterioration information indicating the deterioration state of the attachment of the exterior tile to the foundation layer, and feature frequencies obtained by frequency analysis of the percussion sound of the exterior tile, to generate a trained model for obtaining the deterioration information corresponding to the combination of the attribute information, the constraint information, and the feature frequencies, and diagnoses the deterioration property of the exterior tile using the trained model from the feature frequencies obtained by frequency analysis of the percussion sound measured using a measuring means, attribute information including the material, length and width dimensions, and thickness dimensions of the exterior tile that affect the percussion sound, and constraint information indicating the constraint state of the exterior tile to the foundation layer.

The fifth aspect of the deterioration property diagnosis device for exterior tiles includes a storage means for storing a relational equation indicating the relationship between a specific characteristic frequency and the basic information of a test object obtained by performing a frequency analysis of the percussion sound of the test object, together with attribute information including the material, length, width, and thickness dimensions of the test object that affect the percussion sound of the test object, and basic information including constraint information indicating the constraint state of the test object to the base layer, for a plurality of test objects corresponding to the exterior tiles used for diagnosis on tile exterior walls; a measurement means for measuring the percussion sound of the exterior tiles; and a diagnosis means for acquiring a specific characteristic frequency of the exterior tile by performing a frequency analysis of the percussion sound of the exterior tile measured by the measurement means, and for diagnosing the deterioration property of the exterior tile by comparing the characteristic frequency obtained from the relational equation for the basic information of the test object corresponding to the basic information of the exterior tile including attribute information including the material, length, width, and thickness dimensions of the exterior tile, and constraint information indicating the constraint state of the exterior tile to the base layer, with the characteristic frequency of the exterior tile.

In the sixth aspect of the exterior tile deterioration property diagnostic device of the fifth aspect, the basic information of the test specimen includes deterioration information indicating the deterioration state of the adhesion of the test specimen to the base layer, and the relational equation is determined for the attribute information of the test specimen, the restraint information of the test specimen, and the deterioration information of the test specimen.

A deterioration property diagnosis device for exterior tiles of a seventh aspect is, in the sixth aspect, the relational equation is expressed as a power approximation equation y = axb, where y is the characteristic frequency of the test object, a is a coefficient determined by the attribute information of the test object, b is a coefficient determined by the constraint information of the test object, and x is a parameter determined by the constraint information including the deterioration ^property , and the diagnosis means uses a relational equation corresponding to the attribute information and constraint information of the exterior tile.

The deterioration property diagnosis device for exterior tiles of the eighth aspect includes a measurement means for measuring the percussion sound of an exterior tile to be diagnosed that is restrained via a base layer to a tile exterior wall, an acquisition means for acquiring a characteristic frequency of the exterior tile obtained by frequency analysis of the percussion sound together with basic information about the exterior tile to be diagnosed, including attribute information including the material, length, width, and thickness dimensions that affect the percussion sound of the exterior tile, and restraint information that indicates the restraint state of the exterior tile to the base layer, and a percussion sound acquisition means for acquiring a characteristic frequency of the exterior tile obtained by frequency analysis of the percussion sound of the exterior tile to be diagnosed that is restrained via a base layer. The system includes a storage means for storing, as learning data, attribute information including the material, length, width, and thickness of the exterior tile that affect the sound, constraint information indicating the constraint state of the exterior tile to the base layer, deterioration information indicating the deterioration state of the adhesion of the exterior tile to the base layer, and characteristic frequencies obtained by frequency analysis of the percussion sound of the exterior tile, in association with each other, a trained model trained in advance from the training data, and an output unit for outputting the deterioration characteristics of the exterior tile from the basic information of the exterior tile to be diagnosed and the characteristic frequency of the exterior tile.

In this aspect of the present invention, attribute information including the material, length and width dimensions, and thickness dimensions that affect the percussion sound for each of the exterior tile and the test specimen, constraint information, and a characteristic frequency obtained by frequency analysis of the percussion sound are used to determine the deterioration characteristics from the attribute information, constraint information, and characteristic frequency of the percussion sound of the exterior tile to be diagnosed. Therefore, this aspect of the present invention has the effect of being able to accurately diagnose the deterioration characteristics of an exterior tile from the percussion sound of that exterior tile on a tile exterior wall.

1 is a functional block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a diagnostic device according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a diagnostic device. 1A is a cross-sectional view of a main part showing a tile outer wall, and FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram showing an exploded structure of the tile outer wall related to the percussion sound. 1A is a flowchart showing an outline of a diagnostic information setting process, and FIG. 1B is a flowchart showing an outline of a diagnostic process. 1A is a schematic diagram showing a test specimen, and FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram showing percussion sound measurement of the test specimen. (A) to (D) are diagrams showing an outline of the percussion sound waveform obtained by percussing the measurement points of the test specimen, and (E) is a diagram in which (A) to (D) are superimposed. 13A to 13C are diagrams showing an outline of the percussion sound waveforms for each size and thickness using a mortar board, an MDF board, and a cement board, respectively, as test specimens. (A) to (C) are diagrams showing an outline of the relational equation of the characteristic frequency Fp versus the aspect ratio W/t for a mortar board, an MDF board, and a cement board, respectively, and (D) to (F) are diagrams showing an outline of the relational equation of the characteristic frequency Fp versus the area aspect ratio S/t for a mortar board, an MDF board, and a cement board, respectively. 1 is a diagram showing an outline of a relational expression of a characteristic frequency Fp with respect to an area aspect ratio S/t. (A) is a diagram showing the relationship of the characteristic frequency to the area aspect ratio S/t, (B) is a diagram showing an outline of the vibration coefficient a to the joint depth t1, and (C) is a diagram showing an outline of the amplitude coefficient b to the joint depth t1. FIG. 13 is a functional block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a diagnostic device according to a modified example.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
In this embodiment, the diagnosis target is an exterior tile attached to a tile exterior wall of a building, and the deterioration properties such as the presence or absence of lifting and the lifting area that affect the peeling of the exterior tile are diagnosed. In this embodiment, the diagnosis target is tiles (exterior tiles) made of various materials such as ceramic tiles and ceramic tiles specified in JIS A 5209, fiberboards such as MDF boards (Medium Density Fiber boards) specified in JIS A 5905, and fiber reinforced cement boards specified in JIS A 5430. In addition, the exterior tiles to be diagnosed are not limited to these, and any material (material quality) such as resin can be applied as long as they are approximately plate-shaped with a predetermined planar shape and can be attached to the exterior wall of a building or the like.

In this embodiment, the deterioration property diagnosis of the exterior tile uses attribute information about the exterior tile to be diagnosed, including the material, length, width, and thickness dimensions, constraint information indicating the state of constraint of the exterior tile to the base layer, and an electrical signal (percussion sound waveform) indicating the percussion sound obtained as a back sound by tapping the exterior tile.

In addition, in this embodiment, the deterioration state of the exterior tiles is diagnosed not by the exterior tiles themselves that are the subject of diagnosis, but by using each of a number of exterior tiles or exterior tile-like components with predetermined attribute information as the test specimen. In this embodiment, the reverberation waveform (percussion sound waveform) is obtained when each of the test specimens is percussed. In this embodiment, the attribute information, restraint information, and percussion sound waveform of each of the multiple test specimens are used as basic information. In addition, the basic information of the test specimens may include deterioration information that indicates the deterioration state of the adhesion of the test specimens to the base layer. In this embodiment, the exterior tiles whose deterioration state has been diagnosed by measuring the percussion sound can be used as the test specimen.

The attribute information of the exterior tile as the test specimen includes not only the material and thickness (hereinafter referred to as thickness) as information that affects the percussion sound of the test specimen, but also the size (length and width). The attribute information of the exterior tile to be diagnosed also includes the material, size (length and width), and thickness (hereinafter referred to as thickness) as information that affects the percussion sound of the exterior tile. Note that it is preferable that the size is the dimension excluding the joint dimension. Furthermore, the material may be a combination of material and density, or the material may be a combination of material and hardness. Furthermore, the material includes tiles or materials used similarly to tiles, such as air-hardening materials, hydraulic materials, and sintered materials.

In this embodiment, for example, at least one difference in material, length and width, and thickness can be used to determine the type of exterior tile and test specimen. Furthermore, in this embodiment, constraint information is used that indicates the constraint state of the test specimen and exterior tile to the base layer. For the test specimen, parameters that are determined according to the constraint information are set for each type, and a relational equation is obtained that indicates the relationship of the unique feature frequency to the set parameters. Furthermore, the constraint information of the test specimen can include information regarding the deterioration properties.

For the exterior tile to be diagnosed, attribute information, constraint information, and percussion sounds (percussion sound waveforms) are used. At this time, the basic information of the exterior tile to be diagnosed differs from the basic information of the test specimen in that it does not include information on the deterioration properties. In this embodiment, the attribute information, constraint information, and percussion sounds are used to compare (evaluate) the characteristic frequencies of the percussion sound waveforms of the exterior tiles using relational expressions corresponding to the attribute information and constraint information, thereby evaluating (diagnosing) the deterioration properties of the exterior tile to be diagnosed. In this embodiment, the diagnosis (or evaluation) of the deterioration properties includes whether or not the exterior tile is in a healthy state with no deterioration.

The information that affects the percussion sound of the exterior tile includes information such as the joint width (joint width dimension, joint inclusion dimension), which indicates the restraint state of the exterior tile, the joint depth dimension, and the thickness dimension of the mortar layer that serves as the base layer (adhesive layer) (the thickness of the mortar layer on the back surface of the exterior tile). Therefore, in this embodiment, the diagnosis of deterioration properties includes restraint information as information that indicates the restraint state of the exterior tile to be diagnosed. In this case, the basic information only needs to include percussion sound waveforms for each of the different restraint information for each test specimen, and the basic information includes attribute information, restraint information, and percussion sound waveforms for each combination of attribute information and restraint information.

Figure 1 shows in a block diagram the general configuration (functional configuration) of a diagnostic device 10 as a deterioration property diagnostic device for exterior tiles according to this embodiment, and Figure 2 shows in a schematic diagram the hardware configuration of the diagnostic device 10. Also, Figure 3(A) shows a cross-sectional view of the main part of a tile exterior wall 12 as seen from one side in the width direction, and Figure 3(B) shows in a schematic diagram the divided state of the tile exterior wall 12.

As shown in FIG. 3(A), the tile exterior wall 12 of a building has exterior tiles (tiles for exterior walls) 16 attached to a concrete layer 12A as a structural material with a base layer such as adhesive or polymer cement mortar. In this embodiment, an exterior tile 16 to which a mortar layer 14 is applied as a base layer will be described as an example. To diagnose the tile exterior wall 12, a percussion means constituting the measuring means such as a pal hammer 18 is used, and by percussing the exterior tile 16 with the pal hammer 18, a percussion sound is generated from the exterior tile 16 as a resonant sound.

As shown in FIG. 3(B), the tile exterior wall 12 can be considered to have a three-layer structure consisting of the exterior tiles 16, the mortar layer 14, and the concrete layer 12A. Furthermore, the vibration of the exterior tiles 16 when tapped is affected by the restraining state of the mortar layer 14, and the tapping sound emitted from the exterior tiles 16 changes depending at least on the restraining state of the mortar layer 14.

The exterior tile 16 is attached to a mortar layer 14 of thickness t and then attached to the concrete layer 12A. At this time, the restraint state of the exterior tile 16 is represented by the joint depth (joint depth dimension) t1, which is the embedding depth of the exterior tile 16 into the mortar layer 14, the base thickness (base thickness dimension) t2 of the mortar layer 14 that contacts the back surface of the exterior tile 16, and the joint width (joint width dimension) jw, etc. The restraint information includes the joint depth t1, the base thickness t2 (which may be the thickness t of the mortar layer 14), and the joint width jw.

For joint width jw, the joint dimension is jw/2. The constraint information also includes a constraint area S, which is the contact area of the mortar layer 14 that constrains the exterior tile 16 with the concrete layer 12A. The constraint area S is the area in which the joint width jw (joint dimension) around the exterior tile 16 is included in each of the length and width dimensions of the exterior tile 16. The thickness t of the mortar layer 14 is the sum of the joint depth t1 and the base thickness t2 (t = t1 + t2).

The restraint state of the exterior tiles 16 by the mortar layer 14 is affected by the deterioration (deterioration state, deterioration properties) of the state of attachment of the exterior tiles 16 to the mortar layer 14. Deterioration properties include peeling (interface failure) occurring at the interface between the back surface of the exterior tiles 16 and the mortar layer 14, lifting (cohesive failure) due to cavities occurring inside the mortar layer 14, and the state of bonding of the mortar layer 14 to the concrete layer 12A.

For the test specimen for the exterior tile 16, deterioration information showing the deterioration state of the test specimen can be used. The deterioration properties (deterioration state) are classified into, for example, healthy (no lifting that causes peeling or spalling is confirmed), lifting of the mortar layer 14 (lifting of the base mortar part), lifting of tile ceramic fragments, lifting due to a cavity inside the mortar layer 14 (lifting inside the mortar), etc. In addition, when the ratio of the lifting area of the mortar layer 14 to the contact area (restraint area S) of the mortar layer 14 with the concrete layer 12A in the lifting of the mortar layer 14 is small (for example, 10% or less), or when the ratio of the lifting area of the exterior tile 16 to the contact area with the mortar layer 14 in the lifting of tile ceramic fragments is small (for example, 10% or less), the deterioration properties can be judged to be low in the occurrence of peeling or spalling (close to a healthy state). Information showing such deterioration states is used for the deterioration information of the test specimen.

As shown in FIG. 2, the diagnostic device 10 is a personal computer (PC) of a general configuration, equipped with a CPU 20A, a ROM 20B, and a RAM 20C, which are interconnected by a bus 20D, such as an address bus, a data bus, and a control bus. The diagnostic device 10 is provided with a storage 22 as a storage means, and the storage 22 can be a non-volatile storage medium such as a HDD or semiconductor memory. In the diagnostic device 10, the storage 22 is connected to the bus 20D. Furthermore, the diagnostic device 10 is provided with an input/output interface 24 including a communication interface, and the input/output interface 24 is connected to the bus 20D.

The input/output interface 24 is connected to a display (monitor) 26A as a display device, a keyboard 26B and a mouse 26C as input devices, and a printer (print output device) 28 as an output device. The input/output interface 24 may be connected to an input/output device capable of writing and reading data to and from a recording device such as a semiconductor storage medium (storage device) such as a memory card or USB memory, or an optical storage medium such as a CD or DVD (not shown). The input/output interface 24 of the diagnostic device 10 may be connected to a network (not shown) such as a LAN (Local Area Network) (or a public communication line network such as the Internet). The diagnostic device 10 is connectable to a data server or various portable terminals (tablet terminals or notebook PCs, neither of which are shown) via the network.

In the diagnostic device 10, the CPU 20A reads out the programs stored in the ROM 20B and the storage 22, and executes the programs using the RAM 20C as working memory, thereby realizing various functions. The programs may be stored in the storage 22 by being recorded on a semiconductor recording medium or an optical recording medium and provided to the diagnostic device 10, or the programs may be provided via a network and stored in the storage 22.

The diagnostic device 10 uses a measuring instrument 30 as a measuring means, and the measuring instrument 30 is connected to the input/output interface 24. A microphone (microphone 32) is connected to the measuring instrument 30 as a sound measurement means and a sound collection means, and the measuring instrument 30 measures the sound (percussion sound) detected by the microphone 32. The measuring instrument 30 also outputs a waveform signal (percussion sound waveform) corresponding to the measured percussion sound to the diagnostic device 10.

It is preferable that the measuring device 30 can detect (measure) sounds in the human audible range (0 Hz to approximately 20,000 Hz), but it is sufficient if it can measure sounds (percussion sounds) in at least a specific frequency range (0 Hz to 10,000 Hz, as an example in this embodiment). Note that the measuring device 30 is not limited to being directly connected to the diagnostic device 10, but may be configured to store the measured percussion sound waveform in a semiconductor recording medium such as a USB memory, and this semiconductor recording medium may be connected (attached) to the diagnostic device 10. Also, the measuring device 30 may be configured to be connected to the diagnostic device 10 via a network, such as wirelessly.

As shown in FIG. 1, in the diagnostic device 10, a diagnostic program for diagnosing the deterioration properties of exterior tiles is stored as a program in the storage 22. In the diagnostic device 10, the CPU 20A executes the diagnostic program, thereby forming the functions of a reception unit 34, an acquisition unit 36, a frequency analysis unit 38, a memory unit 40, a diagnosis setting unit 42, a property diagnosis unit 44, and an output unit 46.

The reception unit 34 is realized by the display 26A, the keyboard 26B, and the mouse 26C, and receives information input by operating the keyboard 26B and the mouse 26C in accordance with the UI (user interface) displayed on the display 26A. The reception unit 34 is also realized by the measuring instrument 30, and receives percussion sound waveforms input from the measuring instrument 30. Note that the reception unit 34 can also be realized by a data server connected via the network when the input/output interface 24 is connected to the network.

The reception unit 34 receives attribute information, constraint information, deterioration information, and percussion sounds (percussion sound waveforms) for each of the multiple test specimens as basic information. The reception unit 34 also receives attribute information and constraint information (constraint information not including deterioration characteristics) for the exterior tile 16 to be diagnosed, and also receives percussion sound waveforms measured by a measuring instrument 30 or the like for the exterior tile 16 to be diagnosed. The reception unit 34 may also receive percussion sounds (percussion sound waveforms) measured by a measuring instrument 30 or the like as the percussion sounds of the test specimens.

The acquisition unit 36 acquires various information received by the reception unit 34. When the acquisition unit 36 acquires attribute information, restraint information, deterioration information, and percussion sound waveform for each test object as basic information, the frequency analysis unit 38 performs frequency analysis (FFT: Fast Fourier Transform) on the percussion sound waveform included in the basic information to acquire the signal level (sound pressure level) for each frequency component and sets (extracts) a characteristic frequency. In this embodiment, the frequency (peak frequency) at which the sound pressure level peaks is set as the characteristic frequency Fp. Such a frequency analysis unit 38 is realized by a general frequency analysis program (fast Fourier transform program). Note that instead of the percussion sound of the test object 50, the reception unit 34 may accept the characteristic frequency Fp obtained by frequency analysis of the percussion sound of the test object 50, thereby eliminating the need for the frequency analysis unit 38 to process the test object 50.

The memory unit 40 is realized by the storage 22, and includes a basic information memory unit 40A in which basic information is stored, and a diagnostic information memory unit 40B in which relational expressions obtained from the basic information are stored as diagnostic information. The basic information memory unit 40A stores attribute information, constraint information, and deterioration information as basic information for each test object (exterior tile), and also stores a feature frequency Fp obtained by frequency analysis of the diagnostic sound waveform in association with the attribute information, constraint information, and deterioration information.

The diagnosis setting unit 42 calculates and obtains a relational equation indicating the relationship between the characteristic frequency Fp and the parameters determined by the attribute information and constraint information based on the attribute information, constraint information, degradation information, and characteristic frequency Fp of the test specimen stored in the basic information storage unit 40A. The relational equation (or parameters) obtained by calculation in the diagnosis setting unit 42 is stored in the diagnosis information storage unit 40B in association with the attribute information, constraint information, and degradation information.

On the other hand, when the acquisition unit 36 of the diagnostic device 10 acquires the attribute information, constraint information, and percussion sound waveform of the exterior tile 16 to be diagnosed, it outputs the acquired percussion sound waveform to the frequency analysis unit 38. The frequency analysis unit 38 acquires the characteristic frequency (characteristic frequency Fps) of the exterior tile 16 by frequency analysis of the percussion sound waveform of the exterior tile 16, and outputs the characteristic frequency Fps, attribute information, and constraint information acquired about the exterior tile 16 to the property diagnosis unit 44.

The property diagnosis unit 44 reads out the relational equation corresponding to the attribute information and constraint information of the exterior tile 16 from the diagnosis information storage unit 40B, and judges the deterioration property of the exterior tile 16 using the relational equation and the characteristic frequency Fps of the exterior tile 16, and outputs the judgment result from the output unit 46. The output unit 46 is realized by the display 26A, the printer 28, or the like. In this way, the diagnostic device 10 receives the attribute information and constraint information for the exterior tile 16 to be diagnosed and the percussion sound waveform of the exterior tile 16, and outputs the deterioration property of the exterior tile 16 to be diagnosed.

Next, as the operation of this embodiment, the acquisition of basic information on the test specimen and the diagnosis of the deterioration properties of the exterior tile 16 to be diagnosed by the diagnosis device 10 will be described.
The attribute information of the exterior tiles 16 and the test specimens is determined at the time of manufacture, and the attribute information at the time of manufacture can be obtained from a catalog of the exterior tiles 16 (as well as the exterior tiles as test specimens). The attribute information of the test specimen can use the attribute information determined at the time of manufacture. The constraint information in the basic information includes the joint depth t1, the base thickness t2 of the mortar layer 14, the joint width jw, and the deterioration properties. The percussion sound waveform in the basic information of the test specimen is obtained by percussing the test specimen and measuring the percussion sound. The deterioration information is obtained by attaching the test specimen so that the mortar layer 14 is in a desired deterioration state in advance.

The test specimens may be of the same type as the exterior tile 16 to be diagnosed, but may have different attribute information. Alternatively, multiple specimens with different attribute information, including type, may be used. This allows the diagnostic device 10 to diagnose the deterioration properties of various exterior tiles 16 of different types.

When basic information about the test piece 50 is input into the diagnostic device 10, a frequency analysis is performed on each percussion sound waveform based on the basic information, and the characteristic frequency Fp obtained by the frequency analysis is stored in the basic information storage unit 40A in association with the attribute information, constraint information, and deterioration information. In the diagnostic device 10, using the basic information stored in the basic information storage unit 40A, diagnostic settings are performed to set relational equations as diagnostic information for diagnosing the deterioration characteristics from the attribute information, constraint information, and percussion sound waveform for the exterior tile 16 to be diagnosed. Figure 4 (A) shows an outline of the diagnostic setting process in the form of a flowchart.

In this flowchart, in the first step 100, attribute information stored as basic information in the basic information storage unit 40A and the characteristic frequency Fp for each attribute information are read out. In the next step 102, a relational equation is set as a diagnostic condition based on the attribute information, the constraint information, and the characteristic frequency Fp. The set relational equation is stored in the diagnostic information storage unit 40B in step 104.

Here, we explain how to set (extract) the relational equation for property determination using the test specimen 50. Figure 5 (A) shows an example of the test specimen 50 (exterior tile 16) in a plan view of the front surface, a side view, and a plan view of the back surface, and Figure 5 (B) shows a schematic plan view of the measurement of the percussion sound for the test specimen 50.

As shown in FIG. 5(A), the test specimen 50 has a vertical dimension L, a horizontal dimension W, and a thickness (thickness dimension) d. As an example, the test specimen 50 is a square (corner tile) with the vertical dimension L and horizontal dimension W being the same (L=W). Note that if the constraint information includes the joint width jw, the vertical dimension L and horizontal dimension W of the test specimen 50 do not include the joint dimensions.

This test piece 50 has a number of legs (back feet) 52 for forming unevenness on the back surface, and the legs 52 are arranged at a predetermined interval in the vertical direction (or horizontal direction) with the longitudinal direction aligned along the horizontal direction (or vertical direction). From this, in this embodiment, the test piece 50 is divided vertically and horizontally into three regions (dividing the whole into nine), and the center, horizontal parts of the center, vertical parts of the center, and corners are tapped as measurement points 50A, 50B, 50C, and 50D, respectively.

As shown in FIG. 5(B), the percussion sound of the test specimen 50 is measured by stacking multiple (e.g., two) tile carpets 54, each of which is sufficiently large (e.g., 400 mm x 400 mm) compared to the size of the test specimen 50 as an interference prevention material, and placing the test specimen 50 in the center of the tile carpets 54. In addition, the microphone 32 is placed at a predetermined distance (e.g., 100 mm) from the surface of the test specimen 50.

A percussion checker PDC-100 (product name of a concrete lifting and peeling diagnostic device) is used to measure the percussion sounds and perform frequency analysis. This allows a unique percussion sound waveform determined according to the attribute information of the test piece 50 to be obtained when the test piece 50 is in an unconstrained state. Note that in the percussion measurement, sounds measured with the volume gauge in the range of 60% to 80% are the measurement target (collection target) in order to suppress quantization errors caused by differences in impact strength.

Figures 6(A) to 6(D) show the measurement results using a 50-square tile as the test specimen 50, with the horizontal axis representing frequency (kHz) and the vertical axis representing sound pressure level (dB), and the change in sound pressure level versus frequency is shown in a diagram. As an example, the test specimen 50 is a tile (one of the ceramic tiles specified in JIS A 5209) with a thickness of d = 5 mm and dimensions of 50 mm x 50 mm (45 mm x 45 mm, 50-square tile). The percussion sound was measured five times at each of the measurement points 50A to 50D, and the average value was used for the percussion sound. Furthermore, Figures 6(A) to 6(D) correspond to the percussion sounds at the measurement points 50A to 50D, respectively, and Figure 6(E) shows the measurement results of each of the measurement points 50A to 50D superimposed.

As shown in Figures 6(B) to 6(E), in this test specimen 50 (50-sided tile), a peak (primary peak) of the amplitude (sound pressure level) occurs at a specific frequency, and the peak frequency can be regarded as the characteristic frequency Fp of the test specimen 50. The increase in sound pressure level (amplitude) in the frequency range lower than the characteristic frequency Fp is thought to be caused by the Young's modulus of the test specimen 50.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 6(A), the sound pressure level at the peak frequency is low at measurement point 50A in the center of test piece 50. This shows that when diagnosing the deterioration properties of exterior tiles 16 by tapping, there is less restriction on the measurement point (impact point) by the surrounding area in areas other than the center, i.e., positions biased toward the periphery (measurement points 50B-50D) rather than the center of test piece 50, and characteristic frequencies are more likely to occur (characteristic frequencies are more likely to be obtained). This is thought to be due to the hardness of test piece 50, etc.

Next, a frequency analysis of the percussion sounds was performed on multiple test specimens 50 with different attribute information (basic information on the test specimens 50). Note that the following explanation explains the relationship between the parameters determined by the attribute information and constraint information and the characteristic frequency Fp, and the attribute information and percussion sound waveforms of multiple test specimens 50, including test specimens 50 with attribute information and constraint information similar to that of the exterior tile 16 to be diagnosed, are used as basic information to diagnose the deterioration properties of the actual exterior tile 16 to be diagnosed.

As an example, the test specimen 50 is an exterior tile-like object having different materials among the attribute information, and includes a mortar board, an MDF board, and a cement board. FIG. 7(A) shows the result of the frequency analysis of the mortar board, FIG. 7(B) shows the result of the frequency analysis of the MDF board, and FIG. 7(C) shows the result of the frequency analysis of the cement board. In each of FIG. 7(A) to FIG. 7(C), the horizontal axis (x-axis) is frequency (kHz), and the vertical axis (y-axis) is sound pressure level (dB). The mortar board is made of a hydraulic material (density of about 1.8 to 2.0 g/cm ³ ) in which Portland cement, water, and fine aggregate are mixed. The MDF board is made of a material (density of about 0.35 to 0.8 g/cm ³ ) that is mainly made of plant fibers such as wood, bonded with an adhesive equal to or greater than urea resin, phenolic resin, or urea-melamine copolymer resin, and highly compressed. The cement board is made of Portland cement, water, a siliceous material, and a fibrous material, which is formed into a board and cured in an autoclave (density: about 2.5 g/cm ³ ).

In Fig. 7(A), the frequency analysis results of a mortar board with a size (length L x width W) of 100 mm x 100 mm are shown on the left side of the page, and the frequency analysis results of a mortar board with a size of 55 mm x 55 mm are shown on the right side of the page, with the thicknesses d of the mortar board being d = 3 mm, d = 6 mm, and d = 9 mm, respectively, from top to bottom, on the left and right sides of the page. Also, in Fig. 7(B), the frequency analysis results of an MDF board with a size (length L x width W) of 95 mm x 95 mm are shown on the left side of the page, and the frequency analysis results of an MDF board with a size of 45 mm x 45 mm are shown on the right side of the page, with the thicknesses d of the MDF board being d = 2.5 mm, d = 5.5 mm, and d = 9 mm, respectively, on the left and right sides of the page. Furthermore, in FIG. 7(C), the frequency analysis results of a cement board measuring 95 mm x 95 mm (length L x width W) are shown on the left side of the page, and the frequency analysis results of a cement board measuring 45 mm x 45 mm are shown on the right side of the page, with the thicknesses d of the cement board being d = 3 mm, d = 6 mm, and d = 10 mm, respectively, from top to bottom on the left and right sides of the page.

As shown in Fig. 7(A), for a 100mm x 100mm mortar plate, the characteristic frequency (peak frequency) Fp for thickness d is Fp = 1.39kHz when d = 3mm, Fp = 1.61kHz when d = 6mm, and Fp = 2.48kHz when d = 9mm. For a 55mm x 55mm mortar plate, the characteristic frequency Fp for thickness d is Fp = 3.14kHz when d = 3mm, Fp = 4.90kHz when d = 6mm, and Fp = 6.96kHz when d = 9mm.

As shown in FIG. 7B, for a 95 mm x 95 mm MDF board, the characteristic frequency Fp for thickness d is Fp = 1.36 kHz when d = 2.5 mm, Fp = 1.78 kHz when d = 5.5 mm, and Fp = 2.51 kHz when d = 9 mm. For a 45 mm x 45 mm MDF board, the characteristic frequency Fp for thickness d is Fp = 4.00 kHz when d = 2.5 mm, Fp = 6.98 kHz when d = 5.5 mm, and Fp = 8.98 kHz when d = 9 mm.

As shown in Figure 7 (C), for a 95 mm x 95 mm cement board, the characteristic frequency Fp for thickness d is Fp = 1.77 kHz when d = 3 mm, Fp = 2.17 kHz when d = 6 mm, and Fp = 3.36 kHz when d = 9 mm. Also, for a 45 mm x 45 mm cement board, the characteristic frequency Fp for thickness d is Fp = 5.51 kHz when d = 3 mm, Fp = 9.15 kHz when d = 6 mm, and Fp = 10.00 kHz or more when d = 9 mm (not shown).

In this way, when the thickness d of the test piece 50 is increased or the size (L x W) is decreased, the vibration (vibration period) during percussion becomes shorter, the percussion sound appears higher, and the characteristic frequency Fp also becomes higher. Also, when the thickness d of the test piece 50 is decreased or the size is increased, the test piece vibrates with a large fluctuation during percussion, the percussion sound appears lower, and the characteristic frequency Fp also becomes lower.

Therefore, in the case of test piece 50, when the size is small, the characteristic frequency Fp is higher than when the size is large, and when the tile thickness d is thick, the characteristic frequency Fp is higher than when the tile thickness d is thin; these relationships also appear in general exterior tiles. In addition, the percussion sound of test piece 0 changes depending on the deterioration properties of test piece 50, and the deterioration properties of test piece 50 are reflected in the characteristic frequency Fp obtained from the percussion sound.

As mentioned above, the deterioration characteristics of the exterior tiles (exterior tiles 16 and test specimens 50) include no lift (sound), penetration lift where the mortar layer 14 is missing underneath the exterior tile, creating a cavity from the exterior tile to the concrete layer 12A, base mortar lift where a cavity is created on the concrete layer 12A side of the mortar layer 14, tile fragment lift where a cavity is created on the exterior tile side of the mortar layer 14, and internal mortar lift where a cavity is created inside the mortar layer 14 (a cavity that does not contact either the exterior tile or the concrete layer 12A).

For the test specimen 50, polystyrene foam was embedded in the mortar layer 14 to form pseudo cavities in the mortar layer 14, and the thickness dimension of the floating part of each cavity and its ratio to the restraint area S (area ratio) were each changed to multiple values, and the elastic wave velocity ratio was measured using a rebound hardness meter. From the test results, it has been found that the thicker the cavity is or the larger the area ratio is, the higher the correlation between the amount of defect and the elastic wave velocity ratio can be evaluated. Note that the measurement results are not shown in the figures.

Furthermore, the adhesive strength of the test specimen 50 in which each of the cavities in the mortar layer 14 was formed was measured by a tensile breaking test (measurement results are omitted). At this time, the adhesive strength was defined as the adhesive strength per unit area (N/ ^mm2 ) obtained by dividing the maximum load at tensile breaking by the area of the test specimen 50.

As a result, the formation of cavities reduces the adhesion strength compared to a healthy state, but in the case of through-hole floating, floating of the base mortar, and floating tile ceramic pieces, if the area proportion can be judged to be relatively small (for example, about 10%), the reduction in adhesion strength is small and the impact on the occurrence of peeling and spalling is small. Also, in the case of internal mortar floating, a reduction in adhesion strength is seen as the area proportion of the cavities increases, but it can be evaluated that the impact of the gap (hollow part) height on adhesion strength is low.

In addition, in terms of the relationship between the elastic wave velocity ratio of each area ratio of the above-mentioned cavities and the adhesive strength, the cavities reduce the degree of restraint of the test specimen 50 (exterior tile) by the mortar layer 14. Therefore, the larger the area ratio of the cavities, the greater the reflected vibration of the entire exterior tile when an impact is applied to the exterior tile, and the lower the adhesive strength along with the (value of) elastic wave velocity ratio.

Furthermore, in the tensile fracture test, the fracture state of the exterior tile (test specimen 50) is evaluated as being better in terms of adhesion if it is a cohesive failure in which the fracture occurs inside the exterior tile or mortar layer 14 (or inside the concrete layer 12A) rather than an interfacial failure in which the exterior tile peels off at the interface between the exterior tile and the mortar layer 14 or at the interface between the mortar layer 14 and the concrete layer 12A.

When peeling or falling off of exterior tiles occurs, the incidence of interfacial failure is high in the case of through-hole lifting, the likelihood of interfacial failure occurring between the mortar layer 14 and the concrete layer 12A in the case of base mortar lifting, and the likelihood of interfacial failure occurring between the exterior tile and the mortar layer 14 in the case of ceramic tile fragments lifting due to the increased area proportion of the cavity. In contrast, the incidence of cohesive failure of the mortar layer 14 is higher in the case of internal mortar lifting, which is difficult to detect by appearance, compared to interfacial failure.

In this embodiment, the parameters based on the constraint information are assumed to be a thickness-to-length ratio (hereinafter referred to as aspect ratio) W/t, which is the ratio of the length of the longest side (e.g., the horizontal dimension W) to the thickness t of the mortar layer 14, and a thickness-to-area ratio (hereinafter referred to as area aspect ratio) S/t, which is the ratio of the constraint area S to the thickness t. Note that the thickness t (mm) is the thickness of the mortar layer 14, and the thickness t is the sum of the joint depth t1 and the base thickness t2 (t=t1+t2). In addition, the area aspect ratio S/t is expressed in a simplified manner by applying t=t(mm)×100 to the constraint area S (mm ² ) as the thickness t.

8A to 8C show the measurement results of the characteristic frequency Fp versus the aspect ratio W/t as a parameter, and the power approximation equation y= ^axb is shown by a broken line as a relational equation obtained from the measurement results (changes in the characteristic frequency Fp versus the aspect ratio W/t). Note that mortar board, MDF board, and cement board are shown in Fig. 8A, Fig. 8B, and Fig. 8C, respectively. Also, although not shown in Fig. 8A to Fig. 8C, in Fig. 8A to Fig. 8C, the y-axis is the characteristic frequency Fp (kHz), and the x-axis is the aspect ratio W/t.

As shown in Fig. 8(A), the mortar board has a power approximation equation of y = 30.333x ^{- 0.912} and a correlation coefficient R ² = 0.8011. As shown in Fig. 8(B), the MDF board has a power approximation equation of y = 36.574x ^{- 0.923} and a correlation coefficient R ² = 0.7524. As shown in Fig. 8(C), the cement board has a power approximation equation of y = 44.937x ^{- 0.951} and a correlation coefficient R ² = 0.6118.

In addition, in Fig. 8(D) to Fig. 8(F), the measurement results of the characteristic frequency Fp versus the area aspect ratio S/t, and the power approximation equation y (change in characteristic frequency Fp versus area aspect ratio S/t) obtained from the measurement results are shown by dashed lines. Note that Fig. 8(D), Fig. 8(E) and Fig. 8(F) respectively show a mortar board, an MDF board and a cement board. In Fig. 8(D) to Fig. 8(F), the y-axis represents the characteristic frequency Fp (kHz) and the x-axis represents the area aspect ratio S/t (where (S/t)/100).

As shown in Fig. 8(D), the mortar board has a power approximation equation of y = 16.67x ^{- 0.758} and a correlation coefficient R ² = 0.9688. As shown in Fig. 8(E), the MDF board has a power approximation equation of y = 16.771x ^{- 0.742} and a correlation coefficient R ² = 0.9614. As shown in Fig. 8(F), the cement board has a power approximation equation of y = 22.602x ^{- 0.796} and a correlation coefficient R ² = 0.9425.

Here, for the aspect ratio W/t, the correlation coefficient ^R2 of the mortar board, MDF board, and cement board is in the range of about 0.61 to 0.81 (0.61< ^R2 <0.81). On the other hand, for the area aspect ratio S/t, the correlation coefficient ^R2 of each of the mortar board, MDF board, and cement board is greater than 0.9 (0.9< ^R2 ), and the correlation coefficient ^R2 of the area aspect ratio S/t is much closer to 1 than the correlation coefficient ^R2 of the aspect ratio W/t. Therefore, in this embodiment, the area aspect ratio S/t is used as a parameter based on the attribute information of the exterior tile, and the power approximation equation y= ^axb of the area aspect ratio S/t is applied as a relational equation.

Figure 9 shows a diagram of the characteristic frequency Fp (characteristic frequency Fps) versus joint depth t1 for the exterior tiles (exterior tile 16 and test specimen 50). Figure 10(A) shows a diagram of the regression curve, Figure 10(B) shows a diagram of the vibration coefficient a versus joint depth t, and Figure 10(C) shows a diagram of the amplitude coefficient b versus joint depth t. Figures 10(A), 10(B), and 10(C) are based on the regression curve in Figure 9.

The deterioration properties of the exterior tiles (exterior tiles 16 and test specimens 50) affect the degree of restraint of the exterior tiles (the degree to which the exterior tiles are restrained, the restraint state), and the degree of restraint of the exterior tiles is affected by the joint depth t1, the joint width jw, and the base thickness t2 of the mortar layer 14 on the back surface of the exterior tiles. In addition, the degree of restraint of the exterior tiles 16 is affected by the restraint area S. If the joint depth t1 is shallow compared to the thickness d of the exterior tiles, safety in preventing peeling cannot be ensured. Therefore, when attaching the exterior tiles to the tile exterior wall 12 erected approximately vertically (during construction), the joint depth t1 is set to 50% or more of the thickness d of the exterior tiles. In contrast, for example, when attaching the exterior tiles to the tile exterior wall 12 inclined so that the attachment surface of the exterior tiles faces approximately upward, the joint depth t1 can be set to approximately zero (t1 = 0).

In Figure 9, the joint depths t1 are t1 = 0 (mm), t1 = 4 (mm), and t1 = 7 (mm) for an exterior tile with a thickness d = 8 (mm), and the measurement results show multiple settings for the base thickness t2 for each joint depth t1. The base thicknesses t2 are t2 = 2 (mm), 3 (mm), 4 (mm), 5 (mm), 6 (mm), and 8 (mm).

The regression curve for joint depth t1 = 0 (mm) is y = 27.427x ^{- 1.272} , R ² = 0.9158, and the regression curve for joint depth t1 = 4 (mm) is y = 31.291x - ^1.125 , R ² = 0.9737. The regression curve for joint depth t1 = 7 (mm) is y = 24.441x ^{- 0.93} , R ² = 0.9716. Therefore, for joint depths t1 = 0 (mm), 4 (mm), and 7 (mm), the correlation coefficient R ² is 0.91 or more, which is very close to 1.

In the case of exterior tiles, when there is sufficient thickness d (for example, when there are no defects in the exterior tile itself), the vibration generated when tapping becomes an elastic wave specific to the material. Figure 10 (A) shows a schematic regression curve for joint thicknesses t1 = 4 (mm) and 7 (mm) in Figure 9.

As shown in FIG. 10A , the regression curve increases to a greater extent (increase rate) in the characteristic frequency Fp (Fps) as the area aspect ratio S/t, which is the value of x in the power approximation equation, approaches zero (as the value of x becomes infinitesimally small). Furthermore, the elastic wave generated when tapping the exterior tile is specific to the material of the exterior tile. For example, if the exterior tile is made of a hard material, the coefficient a will be larger than that of a soft material. From this, in the power approximation equation y= ^axb of the regression curve, the coefficient a is set as the (material-specific) vibration coefficient, and the vibration coefficient a is determined by the attribute information included in the material, length and width dimensions (L, W), and thickness d of the exterior tile.

In addition, the regression curve is affected by the power of x in the power approximation formula, which is the degree to which the characteristic frequency Fp, which is the value of y in the power approximation formula, decreases compared to the increase in the area aspect ratio S/t, and the characteristic frequency Fp decreases as the area aspect ratio S/t increases. At this time, in the exterior tile, the vibration frequency increases and the vibration amplitude decreases, and when the adhesion strength of the exterior tile is low (weak adhesion), the characteristic frequency decreases compared to when the adhesion strength is high (strong adhesion). From this, in the power approximation formula y= ^axb of the regression curve, the coefficient b is the amplitude coefficient, and the amplitude coefficient b changes as the degree of constraint of the exterior tile changes, and the vibration coefficient b can be said to be determined according to the constraint information and deterioration information of the exterior tile.

On the other hand, since the correlation coefficient ^R2 is very close to 1, the vibration coefficient a and the amplitude coefficient b can each be approximated as a linear function of the joint depth t1, as shown in Figures 10(B) and 10(C). In other words, the rate of change of the vibration coefficient a and the amplitude coefficient b can each be considered constant with respect to the change in the joint depth t1. As a result, the vibration coefficient a (see Figure 10(B)) becomes a = -2.28(t1) + 40.4, and the amplitude coefficient b (see Figure 10(C)) becomes b = 0.065(t1) - 1.385.

Therefore, the power approximation equation y = ^axb showing the regression curve can be applied to a relational equation showing the feature frequency Fp (Fp = y) for the attribute information and the constraint information. In addition, since the feature frequency Fp changes as the constraint state changes in response to the deterioration properties of the exterior tile 16, the deterioration properties of the exterior tile 16 can be determined by comparing the feature frequency Fp obtained from the relational equation y = ^axb with the feature frequency obtained from the percussion sound of the exterior tile 16.

The diagnostic setting unit 42 of the diagnostic device 10 obtains a relational equation (power approximation equation) y = ^axb for each type of test body 50 (exterior tile 16) using the area aspect ratio S/t, which indicates the degree of constraint, as a parameter, and stores the obtained relational equation y = ^axb in the diagnostic information storage unit 40B.

In the diagnostic device 10, attribute information and constraint information for the exterior tile 16 to be diagnosed are input, and percussion sounds are measured and percussion sound waveforms are input, and then a deterioration property diagnosis is performed for each exterior tile 16. Figure 4 (B) shows an outline of the deterioration property diagnosis process in a flowchart.

In the first step 110 of this flowchart, the attribute information, restraint information, and percussion sound waveform input for the exterior tile 16 to be diagnosed are obtained. In the next step 112, frequency analysis is performed on the percussion sound waveform to obtain the characteristic frequency Fps of the percussion sound waveform of the exterior tile 16.

After that, in step 114, based on the attribute information and constraint information of the exterior tile 16, a relational equation (vibration coefficient a and amplitude coefficient b of the power approximation equation y = axb ⁾ obtained from a test body 50 corresponding to (of the same type as) the type of the exterior tile 16 as diagnostic information is read from the diagnostic information storage unit 40B, and in step 116, the characteristic frequency Fps of the exterior tile 16 is evaluated using the relational equation to diagnose the deterioration properties of the exterior tile 16. After that, in step 118, the diagnostic result is output.

Here, the attribute information, constraint information, and deterioration information are substantially similar between the exterior tile 16 and the test specimen 50, so that the characteristic frequency Fps obtained from the percussion sound of the exterior tile 16 and the characteristic frequency Fp obtained from the percussion sound of the test specimen 50 are substantially similar. That is, the attribute information, constraint information, characteristic frequency Fps, and characteristic frequency Fp are similar between the exterior tile 6 and the test specimen 50, so that the deterioration properties are also similar. In addition, in the relational expression y=ax ^b obtained from the test specimen 50, the vibration coefficient a is determined by the attribute information, the amplitude coefficient b is determined by the constraint information (or the constraint information and the deterioration information), the parameter x indicates the degree of constraint, and the parameter x changes depending on the area aspect ratio S/t (or the aspect ratio L/t).

In other words, when the exterior tile 16 to be diagnosed is experiencing deterioration such as peeling or lifting, the feature frequency Fps changes according to the area of the peeled portion or the area of the lifted portion relative to the area (size) of the exterior tile 16. In this case, as the area of the peeled portion or the area of the lifted portion increases, the restraint on the exterior tile 16 decreases, and the area aspect ratio S/t, which corresponds to the degree of restraint, changes.

For example, the percussion sound when tapping the exterior tile 16 changes depending on the restraint state of the exterior tile 16. As shown in FIG. 3A, the restraint state of the exterior tile 16 changes depending on the joint width jw, which is the interval between the adjacent exterior tiles 16, the joint depth t1, the base thickness t2, and the like. As a result, for example, when the joint depth t1 is large (thick), the degree of restraint is higher than when the joint depth t1 is small (thin), and the percussion sound of the exterior tile 16 feels lower and the characteristic frequency Fps is also lower. From this, the deterioration property of the exterior tile 16 can be accurately determined by comparing the frequency (characteristic frequency) obtained from the relational expression y=ax ^b with the characteristic frequency Fps obtained from the exterior tile 16.

Furthermore, since the relational equation y = ax ^b is obtained from the attribute information, constraint information, deterioration information, and percussion sound of the test body 50, if it is possible to specify a relational equation y = ax ^{b whose attribute information and constraint information are similar to those of the exterior tile 16 and whose characteristic frequency Fp is similar, then it is possible to determine that the deterioration information (deterioration properties) for the specified relational equation y = ax b is} the deterioration property of the exterior tile 16 to be diagnosed.

In the diagnostic device 10, for the exterior tiles 16 for which a diagnosis result was obtained regarding the deterioration characteristics, the judgment result is confirmed, and the attribute information, constraint information, deterioration information, and characteristic frequency are associated and stored in the basic information storage unit 40A, so that they can be used to diagnose the deterioration characteristics of new exterior tiles 16. In this way, in the diagnostic device 10, the attribute information, constraint information, deterioration information, and characteristic frequency are associated and stored and accumulated in the basic information storage unit 40A, thereby improving the accuracy of diagnosing the deterioration characteristics of exterior tiles 6.

In the embodiment described above, a power approximation function is applied as the relational expression, and the area aspect ratio S/t is applied as the parameter that changes according to the deterioration properties. However, the relational expression may be in any format that can reflect the attribute information, constraint information, deterioration information, and characteristic frequency of the exterior tile, and the parameters may be determined according to the relational expression.

[Modifications]
It has become clear that there is a correlation between the attribute information, constraint information, deterioration information, and feature frequency for exterior tiles. Based on this, the diagnostic device 10 uses the attribute information, constraint information, deterioration information, and feature frequency obtained from the percussion sound of the exterior tiles to determine the deterioration properties of the exterior tiles 16 to be diagnosed from the attribute information, constraint information, and feature frequency. In addition, the diagnostic device 10 checks the determination result for the exterior tiles 16 for which a diagnosis result for the deterioration properties has been obtained, and stores the attribute information, constraint information, deterioration information, and feature frequency in association with each other in the basic information storage unit 40A, so that they can be used to diagnose the deterioration properties of new exterior tiles 16.

The diagnostic device 70 as a deterioration property diagnostic device for exterior tiles according to the modified example utilizes the fact that there is a correlation between attribute information, constraint information, deterioration information, and feature frequency for exterior tiles. The diagnostic device 70 uses a plurality of exterior tiles 16 for which deterioration information has been acquired in advance, and accumulates the attribute information, constraint information, deterioration information, and feature frequency obtained by frequency analysis of the percussion sound of the exterior tiles 16 as learning data. At this time, the diagnostic device 70 may be configured to generate a trained model for obtaining the deterioration property from the attribute information, constraint information, and feature frequency by machine learning using the accumulated learning data, and to output the deterioration property of the exterior tile 16 to be diagnosed from the generated trained model and the attribute information, constraint information, and feature frequency of the exterior tile 16 to be diagnosed.

Figure 11 shows a block diagram of the schematic configuration of diagnostic device 70. The basic configuration of diagnostic device 70 is the same as that of diagnostic device 10, and in this modified example, the functional parts of diagnostic device 70 that are the same as those of diagnostic device 10 are given the same reference numerals as those of diagnostic device 10, and the description thereof will be omitted.

The diagnostic device 70 is formed with a learning data storage unit 40C in which learning data is stored in the storage unit 40, and a learned model storage unit 40D in which a learned model is stored. In the diagnostic device 70, the acquisition unit 36 acquires attribute information, constraint information, deterioration information, and percussion sound waveform for an exterior tile 16 for which deterioration information has been set according to a previously confirmed deterioration property and which has been accepted. In addition, in the diagnostic device 70, the frequency analysis unit 38 performs frequency analysis on the percussion sound waveform to acquire a characteristic frequency Fp, and associates the attribute information, constraint information, deterioration information, and characteristic frequency Fp and stores them in the learning data storage unit 40C as learning data.

The learning unit 72 of the diagnostic device 70 reads the learning data from the learning data storage unit 40C, analyzes the feature quantities of the attribute information, the constraint information, the degradation information, and the feature frequency Fp, and generates a trained model for obtaining degradation information corresponding to the degradation information from the attribute information, the constraint information, and the feature frequency Fp. The generated trained model is stored in the trained model storage unit 40D.

Meanwhile, in the diagnostic device 70, when attribute information, constraint information, and percussion sound waveform are received for the exterior tile 16 to be diagnosed, the acquisition unit 36 acquires the attribute information, constraint information, and percussion sound waveform of the exterior tile 16 to be diagnosed. The frequency analysis unit 38 acquires the characteristic frequency Fps by performing frequency analysis on the acquired percussion sound waveform.

The property diagnosis unit 74 reads out the learned model from the learned model storage unit 40D, generates deterioration information of the exterior tile 16 to be diagnosed from the attribute information, constraint information, and feature frequency Fps of the exterior tile 16 to be diagnosed, and the learned model, and evaluates the deterioration property of the exterior tile 16 to be diagnosed. That is, in the diagnosis device 70, the property diagnosis unit 74 functions as a diagnosis means, and evaluates the deterioration property of the diagnosis target from the learned model and the attribute information, constraint information, and feature frequency Fps of the exterior tile 16 to be diagnosed.

As a result, the diagnostic device 70 can determine whether the deterioration state of the exterior tile 16 to be diagnosed is healthy, floating of the mortar layer 14 (floating of the base mortar), floating of tile ceramic fragments, or floating due to a cavity inside the mortar layer 14 (floating inside the mortar). In addition, the diagnostic device 70 can determine the degree of deterioration of the exterior tile 16 to be diagnosed, including the degree of deterioration, by acquiring the degree of deterioration state of the exterior tile 16, such as the floating area of the mortar layer 14 in the case of floating inside the mortar and the floating area of the exterior tile 16 in the case of floating of tile ceramic fragments, for the exterior tile 16 whose deterioration state has been evaluated in advance.

In addition, the diagnostic device 70 evaluates the diagnostic results for the exterior tile 16 to be diagnosed and sets deterioration information, so that the attribute information, constraint information, deterioration information, and characteristic frequency Fps of the exterior tile 16 to be diagnosed can be used as learning data. In this way, the diagnostic device 70 can accumulate learning data by diagnosing the deterioration properties of the exterior tile 16, thereby improving the accuracy of diagnosis.

In this way, in the diagnostic device 70, for an exterior tile 16 whose deterioration characteristics have been grasped in advance and whose deterioration information has been set, the attribute information, constraint information, deterioration information, and feature frequency Fp are associated and stored as learning data, so that a trained model for determining the deterioration characteristics can be generated from the learning data. Furthermore, by using the trained model, the diagnostic device 70 can properly diagnose the deterioration characteristics of the exterior tile 16 to be diagnosed from the attribute information, constraint information, and feature frequency Fp.

In this embodiment and the modified example, a measuring device 30 is connected to the diagnostic device 10, 70. However, the deterioration property diagnostic device for exterior tiles may have a measuring means integrated therein. For example, the deterioration property diagnostic device may have a sound collection means integrated therein, and may be configured to perform frequency analysis on the diagnostic sound waveform measured by the sound collection means and output the diagnosis result of the deterioration property.

In addition, in this embodiment and the modified example, the diagnostic device 10, 70 is provided with a storage unit 40. However, the storage means may be a storage server connected to the deterioration property diagnostic device via a network, and this information may be stored by inputting attribute information, constraint information, deterioration information, and percussion sound waveforms (which may be characteristic frequencies obtained by frequency analysis) of the exterior tiles (and test specimens) via an input device of the deterioration property diagnostic device or the like. This allows multiple pieces of information about the attribute information, constraint information, deterioration information, and percussion sound waveforms of the exterior tiles to be stored, and the accuracy of diagnosing deterioration properties based on the stored information can be improved.

10, 70 Diagnostic device (deterioration property diagnostic device)
12 Tile exterior wall 16 Exterior tile 30 Measuring instrument (measuring means)
32 Microphone (Means of measurement)
38 Frequency analysis unit 40A Basic information storage unit (storage means)
40B Diagnostic information storage unit (storage means)
40C Learning data storage unit (storage means)
40D Trained model storage unit (storage means)
42 diagnosis setting unit 44, 74 property diagnosis unit (diagnosis means, output unit)
46 Output section (diagnostic means, output section)
50 Test piece 72 Learning part Fp, Fps Feature frequency S/t Area aspect ratio (parameter)

Claims (8)

A frequency analysis of the percussion sound is performed on a plurality of test specimens corresponding to the exterior tiles to be diagnosed that are used on the tile exterior wall, to obtain characteristic frequencies of the percussion sound corresponding to basic information including attribute information of the test specimens, including the material, length, width, and thickness dimensions, which affect the percussion sound of the test specimens, and constraint information indicating the constraint state of the test specimens to the base layer, and a relational expression indicating the relationship of the characteristic frequencies to the basic information of the test specimens is obtained;
measuring a percussion sound of the exterior tile using a measuring means and performing a frequency analysis to obtain a characteristic frequency of the percussion sound of the exterior tile;
A method for diagnosing deterioration properties of an exterior tile, which diagnoses the deterioration properties of the exterior tile by comparing a characteristic frequency obtained from the relational equation for basic information of the test specimen corresponding to basic information of the exterior tile including attribute information including the material, length, width, and thickness dimensions of the exterior tile, and constraint information indicating the constraint state of the exterior tile to the base layer, with a characteristic frequency of the exterior tile. the basic information of the test specimen includes deterioration information indicating a deterioration state of adhesion of the test specimen to the base layer,
2. The method for diagnosing deterioration properties of exterior tiles according to claim 1, wherein the relational expression is determined for attribute information of the test specimen, restraint information of the test specimen, and deterioration information of the test specimen. The relational expression is expressed by a power approximation expression y=axb, in which y is a characteristic frequency of the test object, a is a coefficient determined by the attribute information of the test object, b is a coefficient determined by the constraint information of the test object, and x is a parameter determined by the constraint information including the deterioration ^property ,
3. The method for diagnosing deterioration properties of exterior tiles according to claim 2, wherein a relational expression corresponding to attribute information and constraint information of the exterior tiles is used in diagnosing the deterioration properties of the exterior tiles. For an exterior tile that is in a predetermined constrained state to a base layer, attribute information including the material, length and width dimensions, and thickness dimensions of the exterior tile that affect the percussion sound of the exterior tile, constraint information indicating the constrained state of the exterior tile to the base layer, deterioration information indicating the deteriorated state of the exterior tile's adhesion to the base layer, and feature frequencies obtained by frequency analysis of the percussion sound of the exterior tile are used as learning data to generate a trained model for obtaining the deterioration information corresponding to a combination of the attribute information, the constraint information, and the feature frequencies;
A method for diagnosing the deterioration properties of an exterior tile, which is an exterior tile to be diagnosed and is attached to a tile exterior wall via a base layer, uses the learned model to diagnose the deterioration properties of the exterior tile from characteristic frequencies obtained by frequency analysis of percussion sounds measured using a measurement means, attribute information including the material, length and width dimensions, and thickness dimensions of the exterior tile that affect the percussion sound, and constraint information that indicates the constraint state of the exterior tile to the base layer. a storage means for storing a plurality of test specimens corresponding to exterior tiles to be diagnosed that are used on tile exterior walls, including attribute information of the test specimens that affects the percussion sound of the test specimens, including the material, length, width, and thickness dimensions of the test specimens, and basic information including constraint information that indicates the state of constraint of the test specimens to the base layer, and a relational equation that indicates the relationship of the inherent feature frequency to the basic information of the test specimens obtained by performing frequency analysis of the percussion sound of the test specimens;
A measuring means for measuring a percussion sound of the exterior tile;
a diagnostic means for diagnosing the deterioration properties of the exterior tile by acquiring a characteristic frequency specific to the exterior tile by performing frequency analysis on the percussion sound of the exterior tile measured by the measuring means, and comparing the characteristic frequency obtained from the relational expression for basic information of the test specimen corresponding to basic information of the exterior tile including attribute information including the material, length, width, and thickness of the exterior tile, and constraint information indicating a constraint state of the exterior tile to a base layer with the characteristic frequency of the exterior tile;
A deterioration property diagnostic device for exterior tiles including: the basic information of the test specimen includes deterioration information indicating a deterioration state of adhesion of the test specimen to the base layer,
6. The deterioration property diagnosis device for exterior tiles according to claim 5, wherein the relational expression is determined for attribute information of the test specimen, restraint information of the test specimen, and deterioration information of the test specimen. 7. The deterioration property diagnosis device according to claim 6, wherein the relational expression is expressed as a power approximation expression y=axb, in which y is a characteristic frequency of the test object, a is a coefficient determined by the attribute information of the test object, ^b is a coefficient determined by the constraint information of the test object, and x is a parameter determined by the constraint information including the deterioration property, and the diagnosis means uses a relational expression corresponding to the attribute information and constraint information of the exterior tile. A measuring means for measuring a percussion sound of an exterior tile to be diagnosed, the exterior tile being restrained via a base layer to a tile exterior wall;
an acquisition unit that acquires, for the exterior tile to be diagnosed, a characteristic frequency of the exterior tile obtained by frequency analysis of the percussion sound together with basic information including attribute information including a material, length, width, and thickness of the exterior tile that affect the percussion sound, and constraint information indicating a constraint state of the exterior tile to the base layer;
a storage means for storing, as learning data, attribute information including the material, length and width dimensions, and thickness dimensions of an exterior tile that affect the percussion sound of the exterior tile, constraint information indicating the constraint state of the exterior tile to the base layer, deterioration information indicating the deterioration state of the adhesion of the exterior tile to the base layer, and feature frequencies obtained by frequency analysis of the percussion sound of the exterior tile, which are associated with each other;
An output unit that outputs a learned model that has been learned in advance from the learning data, basic information about the exterior tile to be diagnosed, and deterioration characteristics about the exterior tile from a feature frequency of the exterior tile;
A deterioration property diagnostic device for exterior tiles including:

Images