JP7609446B2 - Vertical hole drainage construction method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a method for constructing a vertical hole drainage channel.

Each crop has an optimal groundwater level, and open drains are constructed for surface drainage, while underdrains are constructed for underground infiltration drainage.
Open drains drain excess water by creating a waterway on the surface of the field, while underground drains break up the tillage pan to drain excess water in the soil to the lower layer.
Open and covered culverts require digging horizontal trenches or holes, which requires a large construction area, and the trenches and holes must be connected to allow water to flow, and they must also be sloped toward the drainage ditch.
When constructing an underdrain, special machinery and equipment are required, and even when constructing an open drain, a tractor with a certain amount of horsepower is required to dig a trench of a certain depth.
Patent Document 1 proposes a device for collecting soil samples for soil condition analysis. Patent Document 1 describes a soil collection unit provided at the front or rear of a self-propelled machine via a lifting mechanism. Patent Document 1 also discloses that the soil collection unit is composed of a cylinder and a screw inside the cylinder, and that the cylinder is inserted into the ground and the screw is rotated to take in soil into the cylinder, after which the soil is retained inside the cylinder.
Furthermore, Patent Document 2 discloses that, in parallel with the excavation, the collected underground fluid is analyzed for contaminants and their concentrations are measured.
The present inventors have already proposed a method for diagnosing soil physical properties in farm fields, and the soil hardness data used in this soil physical property diagnosis method can be used to properly construct the vertical hole drainage channel of the present invention (Patent Document 3).

JP 2004-124509 A JP 2003-279452 A JP 2019-20395 A

However, Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 are not related to the construction of a vertical hole drainage channel in the first place. Furthermore, Patent Document 1 does not involve measuring the properties of the soil pulled up from the ground surface while excavating, but involves collecting soil samples.
In addition, Patent Document 2 targets volatile pollutants such as volatile organic substances and oils as the measurement targets, and involves sucking in underground fluids such as underground air through a suction hole, analyzing the pollutants contained in the collected underground fluid, and measuring their concentrations.

The present invention aims to provide a method for constructing a vertical hole drainage channel that can guide runoff water from the soil surface and seepage water in the soil.

The method for constructing a vertical hole drainage channel according to the present invention described in claim 1 is characterized in that a plurality of vertical hole drainage channels are provided at a predetermined depth from the ground surface, the installation positions of the vertical hole drainage channels are specified based on soil hardness distribution data and soil moisture content distribution data, and the installation positions of the vertical hole drainage channels are determined to be points where the soil hardness is hard based on the soil hardness distribution data and the soil moisture is high based on the soil moisture content distribution data, and the depth of the vertical hole drainage channels is set to the tillage pan layer.
The method for constructing a vertical hole drainage channel according to the present invention described in claim 2 is characterized in that a plurality of vertical hole drainage channels are provided at a predetermined depth from the ground surface, the location of the vertical hole drainage channel is specified based on soil hardness distribution data and soil moisture content distribution data, the location of the vertical hole drainage channel is determined to be a point where the soil hardness is soft based on the soil hardness distribution data and the soil moisture content is high based on the soil moisture content distribution data, and the depth of the vertical hole drainage channel is made deeper than the tillage pan layer.
The method for constructing a vertical hole drainage channel according to the present invention described in claim 3 is characterized in that a plurality of vertical hole drainage channels are provided at a predetermined depth from the ground surface, the locations of the vertical hole drainage channels are identified based on soil hardness distribution data and soil moisture content distribution data, and the locations of the vertical hole drainage channels are determined to be points where the soil hardness is hard based on the soil hardness distribution data and the soil moisture content distribution data is high, and drainage routes using the plurality of vertical hole drainage channels are provided at points where the change in soil hardness is small.
The present invention as set forth in claim 4 is characterized in that, in the method for constructing a vertical hole drainage channel as set forth in claim 1 or claim 2 , a plurality of drainage paths are formed by a plurality of the vertical hole drainage channels.
The method for constructing a vertical hole drainage channel of the present invention described in claim 5 is characterized in that a plurality of vertical hole drainage channels are provided at a predetermined depth from the ground surface, and the depth of the vertical hole drainage channels is made deeper successively in the drainage direction.
The method for constructing a vertical hole drainage channel of the present invention described in claim 6 is characterized in that a plurality of vertical hole drainage channels are provided at a predetermined depth from the ground surface, and the vertical hole drainage channels are constructed in an open channel C.
The present invention as set forth in claim 7 is characterized in that, in the method for constructing a vertical hole drainage channel as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 3 , the vertical hole drainage channel is constructed without being aligned along an open channel C.

The vertical hole drainage channel construction method of the present invention allows multiple vertical hole drainage channels to guide runoff water from the soil surface and infiltrating water into the soil.

FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing a method for constructing a vertical hole drainage channel according to an embodiment of the present invention. Schematic diagram of drainage in soil A conceptual diagram showing classification of soil drainage according to rainfall intensity A diagram showing the relative relationship between soil hardness and soil moisture in a field. Diagram showing horizontal distribution of soil moisture in the topsoil of a farm field FIG. 1 shows an example of a method for constructing a vertical hole drainage channel in a location where the soil is hard and the soil moisture is high. FIG. 13 shows another embodiment of a method for constructing a vertical hole drainage channel in which the vertical hole drainage channel is located at a point where the soil hardness is hard and the soil moisture is high. FIG. 1 shows an example of a method for constructing a vertical hole drainage channel in a location where the soil is soft and the soil moisture is high. FIG. 11 shows another embodiment of a method for constructing a vertical hole drainage channel in which the vertical hole drainage channel is located at a point where the soil hardness is soft and the soil moisture is high. FIG. 13 shows yet another embodiment of the vertical hole drainage channel construction method. Diagram showing the depth of the vertical drainage channel An explanatory diagram showing the construction location of the vertical hole drainage channel An explanatory diagram showing the construction position of a vertical hole drainage channel different from that shown in FIG. A conceptual diagram of a vertical hole drainage channel construction machine used in the vertical hole drainage channel construction method according to this embodiment, seen from the front. Conceptual diagram of the vertical hole drainage construction machine seen from below

The method for constructing a vertical hole drainage channel according to the first embodiment of the present invention provides a plurality of vertical hole drainage channels at a predetermined depth from the ground surface, and specifies the location of the vertical hole drainage channel from soil hardness distribution data and soil moisture content distribution data. The location of the vertical hole drainage channel is determined to be a point where the soil hardness is hard from the soil hardness distribution data and where the soil moisture is high from the soil moisture content distribution data, and the depth of the vertical hole drainage channel is set to the tillage pan layer.
According to this embodiment, runoff water from the soil surface and seepage water in the soil can be guided by multiple vertical drainage channels. In addition, the location of moisture damage can be identified based on soil hardness and soil moisture, and priorities and measures for improving drainage can be determined. Furthermore, since points with hard soil hardness and high soil moisture are a cause of acute moisture damage, the occurrence of moisture damage can be suppressed. Furthermore, surface runoff can be effectively promoted.

The second embodiment of the present invention provides a method for constructing a vertical hole drainage channel by providing a plurality of vertical hole drainage channels at a predetermined depth from the ground surface, specifying the location of the vertical hole drainage channel from soil hardness distribution data and soil moisture content distribution data, determining the location of the vertical hole drainage channel as a point where the soil hardness is soft according to the soil hardness distribution data and the soil moisture content distribution data is high, and setting the depth of the vertical hole drainage channel deeper than the tillage pan layer.
According to this embodiment, runoff water from the soil surface and seepage water in the soil can be guided by multiple vertical drainage channels. In addition, the location of moisture damage can be identified based on the soil hardness and soil moisture, and the priority and measures for improving drainage can be determined. In addition, since areas with soft soil hardness and high soil moisture are a cause of chronic moisture damage, the occurrence of moisture damage can be delayed. In addition, seepage water can be guided below the tillage pan layer.

The third embodiment of the present invention provides a method for constructing a vertical hole drainage channel at a predetermined depth from the ground surface, specifies the location of the vertical hole drainage channel from soil hardness distribution data and soil moisture content distribution data, and determines the location of the vertical hole drainage channel at a point where the soil hardness is hard from the soil hardness distribution data and the soil moisture is high from the soil moisture content distribution data, and provides drainage routes using the multiple vertical hole drainage channels at points where there is little change in soil hardness.
According to this embodiment, runoff water from the soil surface and seepage water in the soil can be guided by multiple vertical hole drainage channels. In addition, the location of moisture damage can be identified based on the soil hardness and soil moisture, and priorities and measures for improving drainage can be determined. Furthermore, since points where the soil hardness is hard and the soil moisture is high are a cause of acute moisture damage, the occurrence of moisture damage can be suppressed. In addition, it is possible to make it easier for seepage water to flow along the drainage channels.

A fourth embodiment of the present invention is a method for constructing a vertical hole drainage channel according to the first or second embodiment, in which a plurality of drainage paths are formed by a plurality of vertical hole drainage channels.
According to this embodiment, by forming a plurality of drainage paths, it is possible to facilitate the flow of a large amount of seepage water.

The method for constructing a vertical hole drainage channel according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention provides a plurality of vertical hole drainage channels at a predetermined depth from the ground surface, and the depth of the vertical hole drainage channels is successively increased in the drainage direction.
According to this embodiment, runoff water from the soil surface and seepage water in the soil can be guided by the multiple vertical hole drainage channels. Also, the seepage water can be guided effectively.

The method for constructing a vertical hole drainage channel according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention provides a plurality of vertical hole drainage channels at a predetermined depth from the ground surface, and constructs the vertical hole drainage channels as open channels.
According to this embodiment, runoff water from the soil surface and seepage water in the soil can be guided by multiple vertical hole drainage channels. In addition, by constructing the vertical hole drainage channels as open channels, the vertical hole drainage channels can be made shallow. This reduces the unevenness of the field surface, and reduces the steering of agricultural machinery such as tractors that is affected by the unevenness of the field surface.

A seventh embodiment of the present invention is a method for constructing a vertical hole drainage channel according to any one of the first to third embodiments, in which the vertical hole drainage channel is constructed without being aligned along an open channel.
According to this embodiment, the vertical hole drainage channel can be constructed without running along an open channel.

The following describes a method for constructing a vertical hole drainage channel according to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing a method for constructing a vertical hole drainage channel according to this embodiment.
The method for constructing a vertical hole drainage channel according to the present embodiment uses soil hardness distribution data and soil moisture content distribution data. The locations of moisture damage can be identified based on the soil hardness and soil moisture, and the priority order and measures for improving drainage can be determined.
In the method for constructing a vertical hole drainage channel according to this embodiment, the location of the vertical hole drainage channel is specified based on the soil hardness and soil moisture (S1), and the depth of the vertical hole drainage channel is determined (S2).
Then, a vertical hole drainage channel construction machine is used to construct a vertical hole drainage channel of the determined depth at the specified installation position (S3).
According to the vertical hole drainage channel construction method of this embodiment, a drainage path is formed by providing multiple vertical hole drainage channels at a predetermined depth from the ground surface, and the runoff water from the soil surface and the infiltrating water in the soil can be guided by the drainage path formed by the multiple vertical hole drainage channels.

Figure 2 is a conceptual diagram of drainage in soil.
In a farm field, the soil has a plowed soil layer from the surface to a certain depth, and below the plowed soil layer is a tillage pan layer. Rainwater runs off the surface of the plowed soil layer, seeps through the tillage pan layer, and seeps downward through the lower layers. Depending on the balance between "input" (rain) and "output" (surface runoff and downward seepage) in the diagram, it is possible to determine where the water will accumulate.
In the present invention, locations where water is likely to accumulate are determined based on the relationship between the horizontal distribution of soil hardness and the horizontal distribution of soil moisture at the position of the tilled soil layer slightly above the tilled pan layer.

FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram showing the classification of soil drainage according to rainfall intensity.
Rainwater first begins to infiltrate into the soil, but when the amount of rainfall exceeds the amount of infiltration, it begins to be drained as surface runoff, and when the surface runoff saturation point is exceeded, water is flooded in the field. In this invention, when the aim is to promote surface runoff, the depth of the vertical hole drainage channel is set to the tillage pan layer, and when the aim is to prevent flooding, the depth of the vertical hole drainage channel is set deeper than the tillage pan layer. When the depth of the vertical hole drainage channel is set to the tillage pan layer, the vertical hole drainage channel may reach the tillage pan layer, but it is not deep enough to exceed the tillage pan layer.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relative relationship between soil hardness and soil moisture in a farm field.
As shown in Figure 4, soil can be divided into four regions based on soil hardness and soil moisture. The region with hard soil hardness and high soil moisture is a cause of acute moisture damage and has the highest priority for moisture damage countermeasures, while the region with soft soil hardness and high soil moisture is a cause of chronic moisture damage and has the second highest priority for moisture damage countermeasures.

FIG. 5 shows the horizontal distribution of soil moisture in the topsoil of a farm field.
Figure 5 (a) shows data showing three horizontal soil moisture distributions measured on different days (i.e., different amounts of precipitation) in the surface soil of the same field. Although the amounts of precipitation are different in the three horizontal soil moisture distributions shown in Figure 5 (a), areas that tend to be high in moisture and areas that tend to be low in moisture appear in roughly the same position.
Figure 5 (b) shows areas that tend to be more moist and areas that tend to be less moist, based on the three horizontal distributions of soil moisture in Figure 5 (a).

FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of a method for constructing a vertical hole drainage channel in which the vertical hole drainage channel is located at a point where the soil hardness is hard and the soil moisture is high.
In FIG. 6, the soil hardness distribution in a farm field 100 m long and wide is shown by contour lines, and the circles indicate areas 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 where soil moisture is high.
Among areas 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 where soil moisture is high, areas 11, 12, 13, and 14 include points 21, 22, 23, and 24 where soil hardness is hard.

In the method for constructing a vertical hole drainage channel shown in FIG. 6, vertical hole drainage channels 31, 32, 33, and 34 are provided in areas 11, 12, 13, and 14 where the soil hardness is hard 21, 22, 23, and 24 and the soil moisture is high.
Then, by sequentially arranging the vertical hole drainage channels 30 in the drainage direction from the vertical hole drainage channels 31, 32, 33, and 34, drainage paths 30A, 30B, 30C, and 30D are formed.
Since points where the soil hardness is hard and the soil moisture is high are a cause of acute moisture damage, the occurrence of acute moisture damage can be suppressed by locating the vertical hole drainage channels 30, 31, 32, 33, and 34 at points where the soil hardness is hard and the soil moisture is high.
In addition, it is preferable that the drainage paths 30A, 30B, 30C, and 30D using the multiple vertical hole drainage channels 30 are provided at points where there is little change in soil hardness. Since soil hardness changes when the contour line width is narrow, the drainage paths 30A, 30B, 30C, and 30D are formed in areas where the contour line width is wide so as not to cross the contour line.
In this way, by providing the drainage paths 30A, 30B, 30C, and 30D at points where there is little change in soil hardness, it is possible to make it easier for the seepage water to flow along the drainage paths 30A, 30B, 30C, and 30D.

FIG. 7 shows another embodiment of the method for constructing a vertical hole drainage channel in which the vertical hole drainage channel is located at a point where the soil is hard and the soil moisture is high.
FIG. 7 shows a method of constructing a vertical hole drainage channel in an area where the soil is hard and the soil moisture is high, similar to FIG. 6, but for areas where the rainfall intensity is high or during periods when the rainfall intensity is high.
As in FIG. 6, FIG. 7 also shows the soil hardness distribution in a farm field 100 m in length and width by contour lines, with circles indicating areas 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 where soil moisture is high.
Among areas 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 where soil moisture is high, areas 11, 12, 13, and 14 include points 21, 22, 23, and 24 where soil hardness is hard.

In the vertical hole drainage channel construction method shown in Figure 7, vertical hole drainage channels 31X, 31Y, 32X, 32Y, 33X, 33Y, 33Z, 34X, and 34Y are provided in areas 11, 12, 13, and 14 where the soil hardness is hard 21, 22, 23, and 24 and the soil moisture is high.
Then, by sequentially arranging vertical hole drainage channels 30 in the drainage direction from vertical hole drainage channels 31X, 31Y, 32X, 32Y, 33X, 33Y, 33Z, 34X, and 34Y, drainage paths 30AX, 30AY, 30BX, 30BY, 30CX, 30CY, 30CZ, 30DX, and 30DY are formed.
In this embodiment, the depth of the vertical hole drainage channels 30, 31X, 31Y, 32X, 32Y, 33X, 33Y, 33Z, 34X, and 34Y is set to the tillage pan layer.
Since points where the soil hardness is hard and the soil moisture is high are factors that cause acute moisture damage, the points where the soil hardness is hard and the soil moisture is high are determined as the locations of the vertical hole drainage channels 30, 31X, 31Y, 32X, 32Y, 33X, 33Y, 33Z, 34X, 34Y, the depths of the vertical hole drainage channels 30, 31X, 31Y, 32X, 32Y, 33X, 33Y, 33Z, 34X, 34Y are set up to the tillage pan layer, and a plurality of drainage routes 30AX, 30AY, 30BX, 30BY, 30CX, 30CY, 30CZ, 30DX, 30DY are formed in each area, thereby effectively promoting surface runoff and making it easier for a large amount of infiltrating water to flow, and thereby preventing the occurrence of acute moisture damage.
In addition, it is preferable that the drainage paths 30AX, 30AY, 30BX, 30BY, 30CX, 30CY, 30CZ, 30DX, and 30DY using the multiple vertical hole drainage channels 30 are provided at points where there is little change in soil hardness. Since soil hardness changes when the contour line width is narrow, the drainage paths 30AX, 30AY, 30BX, 30BY, 30CX, 30CY, 30CZ, 30DX, and 30DY are formed in areas where the contour line width is wide so as not to cross the contour line.
In this way, by locating drainage routes 30AX, 30AY, 30BX, 30BY, 30CX, 30CY, 30CZ, 30DX, and 30DY at points where there is little change in soil hardness, it is possible to make it easier for seepage water to flow along drainage routes 30AX, 30AY, 30BX, 30BY, 30CX, 30CY, 30CZ, 30DX, and 30DY.

FIG. 8 shows an embodiment of a method for constructing a vertical hole drainage channel in which the vertical hole drainage channel is located at a point where the soil hardness is soft and the soil moisture is high.
In FIG. 8, the soil hardness distribution in a farm field 100 m long and wide is shown by contour lines, and the circles indicate areas 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 where soil moisture is high.
Among areas 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 where soil moisture is high, areas 11 and 15 include points 25 and 26 where the soil hardness is soft.

In the method for constructing a vertical hole drainage channel shown in FIG. 8, vertical hole drainage channels 35, 36 are provided at points 25, 26 where the soil hardness is soft and areas 11, 12, 13, 14 where the soil moisture is high.
Then, vertical hole drainage channels 30 are sequentially arranged in the drainage direction from the vertical hole drainage channels 35, 36 to form drainage paths 30E, 30F.
Since points where the soil hardness is soft and the soil moisture is high are a cause of chronic moisture damage, the occurrence of chronic moisture damage can be suppressed by locating the vertical hole drainage channels 30, 35, 36 at points where the soil hardness is soft and the soil moisture is high.
In addition, it is preferable that the drainage paths 30E, 30F using the multiple vertical hole drainage channels 30 are provided at points where there is little change in soil hardness. Since soil hardness changes when the contour line width is narrow, the drainage paths 30E, 30F are formed in areas where the contour line width is wide so as not to cross the contour line.
In this way, by providing the drainage paths 30E, 30F at points where there is little change in soil hardness, it is possible to make it easier for the seepage water to flow along the drainage paths 30E, 30F.

FIG. 9 shows another embodiment of the method for constructing a vertical hole drainage channel in which the vertical hole drainage channel is located at a point where the soil hardness is soft and the soil moisture is high.
FIG. 9 shows a method of constructing a vertical hole drainage channel in an area where the soil is soft and the soil moisture is high, similar to FIG. 8, but for areas where the rainfall intensity is high or during periods when the rainfall intensity is high.
As in FIG. 8, FIG. 9 also shows the soil hardness distribution in a farm field 100 m in length and width by contour lines, with circles indicating areas 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 where soil moisture is high.
Among areas 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 where soil moisture is high, areas 11 and 15 include points 25 and 26 where the soil hardness is soft.

In the method for constructing a vertical hole drainage channel shown in FIG. 9, vertical hole drainage channels 35X, 35Y, 36X, and 36Y are provided in areas 11, 12, 13, and 14 where the soil hardness is soft, that is, points 25 and 26, and the soil moisture is high.
Then, vertical hole drainage channels 30 are sequentially arranged in the drainage direction from vertical hole drainage channels 35X, 35Y, 36X, 36Y to form drainage paths 30EX, 30EY, 30FX, 30FY.
In this embodiment, the depth of the vertical hole drainage channels 30, 35X, 35Y, 36X, and 36Y is set deeper than the tillage pan layer.
Since points where the soil hardness is soft and the soil moisture is high are factors that cause chronic moisture damage, the vertical hole drainage channels 30, 35X, 35Y, 36X, 36Y are located at points where the soil hardness is soft and the soil moisture is high, and the depth of the hole drainage channels 30, 35X, 35Y, 36X, 36Y is made deeper than the tillage pan layer. By forming multiple drainage paths 30EX, 30EY, 30FX, 30FY in each area, it is possible to direct seepage water below the tillage pan layer, making it easier for a large amount of seepage water to flow and suppressing the occurrence of chronic moisture damage.
In addition, it is preferable that the drainage paths 30EX, 30EY, 30FX, and 30FY using the multiple vertical hole drainage channels 30 are provided at points where there is little change in soil hardness. Since soil hardness changes when the contour line width is narrow, the drainage paths 30EX, 30EY, 30FX, and 30FY are formed in areas where the contour line width is wide so as not to cross the contour line.
In this way, by providing the drainage paths 30EX, 30EY, 30FX, and 30FY at points where there is little change in soil hardness, it is possible to make it easier for the seepage water to flow along the drainage paths 30EX, 30EY, 30FX, and 30FY.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing still another embodiment of the method for constructing a vertical hole drainage channel.
The method of constructing a vertical hole drainage channel shown in FIG. 10 shows a case in which both the construction shown in FIG. 7 and the construction shown in FIG. 9 are performed.
That is, in FIG. 10, the positions where the vertical hole drainage channel is installed are a point where the soil hardness is hard and the soil moisture is high, and a point where the soil hardness is soft and the soil moisture is high.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing the depth of the vertical hole drainage channel.
The vertical hole drainage channel 30 is made deep enough to reach the tillage pan layer or deeper than the tillage pan layer, but it is preferable to gradually deepen the depth of the vertical hole drainage channel 30 from the area 10 where the soil moisture is high toward the drainage channel 40. In this way, by gradually deepening the depth of the vertical hole drainage channel 30 from the area 10 where the soil moisture is high toward the drainage channel 40, the seepage water can be effectively guided.

FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram showing the construction position of the vertical hole drainage channel, where FIG. 12(a) is a top view and FIG. 12(b) is a cross-sectional view at the open channel position indicated by the dotted line in FIG. 12(a).
As shown in Fig. 12(a), the pit drainage channel 30 can be made shallow by constructing the pit drainage channel 30 along the open channel C. Even when constructing the pit drainage channel 30 along the open channel C, it is preferable to gradually deepen the depth of the pit drainage channel 30 in the direction in which the seepage water is guided, as shown in Fig. 12(b).

Figure 13 is an explanatory diagram showing the construction position of a vertical hole drainage channel different from that in Figure 12, where Figure 13(a) is a top view and Figure 13(b) is a cross-sectional view at the open channel position indicated by the dotted line in Figure 13(a).
As shown in Fig. 13(a), the pit drainage channel 30 may be constructed without following the open channel C. In this case, the pit drainage channel 30 constructed in the open channel C can be shallow, as shown in Fig. 12(b). This makes it possible to lower the unevenness of the field surface, and to reduce the possibility of the handle 124 being caught by the unevenness of the field surface when operating an agricultural machine such as a tractor. Note that, even when constructing the pit drainage channel 30 without following the open channel C, it is preferable to gradually deepen the depth of the pit drainage channel 30 in the direction in which the seepage water is guided.
The vertical hole drainage channel 30 has a hole diameter of 4 cm to 30 cm, preferably 20 cm or less so as not to interfere with vehicle travel, a depth of about 60 cm, and is excavated in 10 cm to 20 cm increments in three to six steps.

FIG. 14 is a conceptual diagram of a tunnel drainage channel construction machine used in the tunnel drainage channel construction method according to this embodiment, as viewed from the front, and FIG. 15 is a conceptual diagram of the tunnel drainage channel construction machine as viewed from below.
The vertical hole drainage channel construction machine of this embodiment has a main frame 110, an excavation section 120 that excavates the soil, a running section 130 that moves the main frame 110, a soil measuring section 140 that measures the properties of the soil pulled up from the ground surface by the excavation section 120, and a rotation prevention section 115 that prevents the main frame 110 from rotating during excavation.

The drilling section 120 has a drilling drill 121, a motor 122 for rotating the drilling drill 121, a slide rail 123 for sliding the drilling drill 121 up and down, a handle 124 for pushing down or pulling up the drilling drill 121, and a spring 125 for suspending the drilling drill 121.
In this embodiment, the traveling unit 130 is configured with tires on four wheels, but it may be configured with tires on six or eight wheels, or may be configured with crawlers.

The soil measuring unit 140 includes at least one of a camera, a near-infrared sensor, an odor sensor, an electromagnetic exploration system, a sonic exploration system, and a laser sensor.
When the soil measuring unit 140 has a camera, the camera is used to photograph the color of the soil pulled up from the ground surface by the excavation unit 120 and the state in which the lumps crumble. The soil properties can be determined from the color of the soil and the state in which the lumps crumble. The camera is also used to photograph the color and lumps of the soil pulled up from the ground surface by the excavation unit 120, and the ease of cultivation is determined based on the shade of the color and the size of the lumps. The moisture content of the soil can be estimated based on the brightness of the color and the size of the soil lumps, and the ease of cultivation can be determined. The camera is also used to photograph the soil pulled up from the ground surface by the excavation unit 120, and the soil moisture content and the amount of organic matter are determined based on the brightness of the soil color. If the soil moisture is high, it will be dark, and if the soil moisture is low, it will be whitish, so the soil moisture content and the amount of organic matter can be determined based on the brightness of the soil color.
When the soil measuring unit 140 has a near-infrared sensor, the near-infrared sensor is used to measure the absorption spectrum of the soil pulled up from the ground surface by the excavation unit 20, and the soil moisture content is determined from the absorption spectrum. Determining the soil moisture content from the absorption spectrum enables quantitative measurement.
If the soil measuring unit 140 has an odor sensor, the odor sensor can be used to measure the odor of the soil pulled up from the ground surface by the excavation unit 120, and the reduction state or microbial activity can be evaluated based on the odor of the soil.
When the soil measuring unit 140 has an electromagnetic exploration system or a sonic exploration system, the soil moisture can be detected, and when the soil measuring unit 140 has a laser sensor, the shape of the soil mass can be grasped.
In this way, the soil measurement unit 140 can perform soil measurements by having at least one of a camera, a near-infrared sensor, an odor sensor, an electromagnetic exploration system, a sonic exploration system, and a laser sensor.

The rotation prevention portion 115 is a pile material that is driven into the soil, and preferably a pair of pile materials are arranged with the main frame 110 in between.
Since the main body frame 110 has a rotation prevention unit 115 that can prevent the main body frame 110 from rotating during excavation, excavation can be performed even with a lightweight manual main body frame 110. By using the rotation prevention unit 115 as a pile material, excavation can be performed by preventing the main body frame 110 from rotating even in a narrow space. Note that the rotation prevention unit 115 may not be necessary if the vertical hole drainage channel construction machine is sufficiently heavy so that it does not rotate while excavating a vertical hole.

The vertical hole drainage construction machine used in this embodiment further includes a depth measurement unit 150, a display unit 160 that displays the excavation position together with a map, a position detection unit 170 that detects the current position, a memory unit 180 that stores the measurement data measured by the soil measurement unit 140, and a battery 190.

The vertical hole drainage channel construction machine used in this embodiment shows a scale placed on the main frame 110 as the depth measuring unit 150, but it is preferable that this be a sensor that detects the depth of the pulled-up soil from the ground surface based on the position or movement amount of the drilling drill 121 or the handle 124, or the rotation speed of the motor 122.
A mobile terminal equipped with wireless communication capabilities is suitable for the display unit 160, and a GNSS receiver is suitable for the position detection unit 170, but the mobile terminal functioning as the display unit 160 may also be equipped with a current position detection capability.
The memory unit 180 stores data on the depth from the ground surface of the soil pulled up from the ground surface by the excavation unit 120 as well as measurement data by the soil measurement unit 140 .
In this way, by detecting the current position and displaying the excavation position, the excavation position can be confirmed, improving construction efficiency. In addition, by storing measurement data by depth from the ground surface, it is possible to determine the tillage pan layer and groundwater level, drainage based on the distance from the tillage pan layer and groundwater level, and the suitability of the soil for cultivation.
The battery 190 supplies power to the excavation unit 120, the soil measurement unit 140, the display unit 160, the position detection unit 170, and the storage unit 180. It is preferable that the traveling unit 130 is also driven by the battery 190.
By using such a vertical hole drainage channel construction machine, a vertical hole drainage channel can be constructed to a predetermined depth from the ground surface by performing up and down excavation movements in multiple steps, and the soil measuring unit 140 held on the main frame 110 measures the properties of the soil pulled up from the ground surface by the excavation unit 120, making it possible to grasp the properties of the soil by depth from the ground surface at the time of constructing the vertical hole drainage channel.

The drainage path of the present invention guides runoff water from the soil surface and seepage water in the soil by providing multiple vertical hole drainage channels 30 at a specified depth from the ground surface, and can be constructed more easily than culverts or open channels.

The method for constructing a vertical hole drainage channel according to the present invention is particularly suitable for constructing a vertical hole drainage channel in a farm field.

10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 Area with high soil moisture 21, 22, 23, 24 Point with hard soil hardness 25, 26 Point with soft soil hardness 30, 31, 31X, 31Y, 32, 32X, 32Y, 33, 33X, 33Y, 33Z, 34, 34X, 34Y, 35, 35X, 35Y, 36, 36X, 36Y Vertical hole drainage channel 30A, 30AX, 30AY, 30B, 30BX, 30BY, 30C, 30CX, 30CY, 30CZ, 30D, 30DX, 30DY, 30E, 30EX, 30EY, 30F, 30FX, 30FY Drainage path 40 Drainage channel 110 Main body frame 115 Rotation prevention unit 120 Excavation unit 121 Excavation drill 122 Motor 123 Slide rail 124 Handle 125 Spring 130 Travel unit 140 Soil measurement unit 150 Depth measurement unit 160 Display unit 170 Position detection unit 180 Memory unit 190 Battery C Open channel

Claims (7)

A plurality of vertical drainage channels are provided at a predetermined depth from the ground surface,
The location of the vertical hole drainage channel is identified based on the soil hardness distribution data and the soil moisture content distribution data;
A point where the soil hardness is hard based on the soil hardness distribution data and where the soil moisture content distribution data is high is determined as the arrangement position of the vertical hole drainage channel;
A method for constructing a vertical hole drainage channel, characterized in that the depth of the vertical hole drainage channel is set to the tillage pan layer. A plurality of vertical drainage channels are provided at a predetermined depth from the ground surface,
The location of the vertical hole drainage channel is identified based on the soil hardness distribution data and the soil moisture content distribution data;
A point where the soil hardness is soft according to the soil hardness distribution data and where the soil moisture content distribution data is high is determined as the installation position of the vertical hole drainage channel;
A method for constructing a vertical hole drainage channel, characterized in that the depth of the vertical hole drainage channel is made deeper than the tillage pan layer. A plurality of vertical drainage channels are provided at a predetermined depth from the ground surface,
The location of the vertical hole drainage channel is identified based on the soil hardness distribution data and the soil moisture content distribution data;
A point where the soil hardness is hard according to the soil hardness distribution data and where the soil moisture content distribution data is high is determined as the arrangement position of the vertical hole drainage channel;
A method for constructing a vertical hole drainage channel, characterized in that a drainage route using a plurality of the vertical hole drainage channels is provided at a point where the change in soil hardness is small. 3. The method for constructing a vertical hole drainage channel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a plurality of drainage paths are formed by a plurality of the vertical hole drainage channels. A plurality of vertical drainage channels are provided at a predetermined depth from the ground surface,
A method for constructing a vertical hole drainage channel, characterized in that the depth of the vertical hole drainage channel is gradually increased in the drainage direction. A plurality of vertical drainage channels are provided at a predetermined depth from the ground surface,
A method for constructing a vertical hole drainage channel, comprising constructing the vertical hole drainage channel in an open channel. The method for constructing a vertical hole drainage channel according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the vertical hole drainage channel is constructed without being aligned along an open channel.