JP7610216B2 - Channel construction unit and channel construction method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a channel construction unit and a channel construction method.

Various methods are known for constructing drainage gutters and other water-passing channels (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2). For example, a channel constructed of a U-shaped concrete gutter is widely known, but a U-shaped concrete gutter is heavy and difficult to handle during transportation and construction, which is considered to be one of the reasons why workability cannot be improved.

Meanwhile, a conventional construction method is known in which wooden form panels such as plywood are assembled to form a predetermined channel shape, reinforcing bars are appropriately arranged in the area where the concrete is to be poured, and then concrete is poured into the area. With this conventional construction method, after pouring the concrete into the area where the concrete is to be poured, a demolding operation must be performed to remove the wooden form panels from the hardened concrete after a predetermined curing period has elapsed. This makes the work process complicated, which is one of the factors that lengthens the construction period and increases the construction costs.

Furthermore, with conventional construction methods, cleaning and washing the surfaces of wooden formwork panels in order to reuse them is time-consuming, and the washing process generates a large amount of wastewater. Another problem is that used wooden formwork panels that cannot be reused even after cleaning and washing are disposed of as industrial waste.

Furthermore, wooden form panels for forming the side walls of a channel are usually assembled by exposing the ends of separators placed in the area where concrete is to be poured to the outside through through holes in the wooden form panels, and fastening Form Ties (registered trademark) attached to the ends of the separators with single-wall pipes or thick end materials sandwiched between the outer surface of the wooden form panels, thereby making it possible to withstand the lateral pressure of the concrete. However, assembling such wooden form panels is difficult for anyone other than so-called form carpenters. For this reason, it is becoming more and more difficult to secure skilled form carpenters, and today there is a demand for a construction method that allows for easier construction of channels.

Patent No. 5572360 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 56-73769

The technology disclosed herein has been developed in light of the above-mentioned circumstances, and its purpose is to provide a groove construction unit and groove construction method that are simple and easy to use.

The technology disclosed herein is a method for constructing a trench channel without using formwork support, comprising the steps of: preparing one or more side panel panels for forming the side of the trench channel, each having a trench channel side forming surface formed on one side and a dam surface formed on the other side; an anchoring member installation step of positioning and fixing one or more anchoring members in a side concrete filling area to be filled with fresh concrete to form the side of the trench channel; a long receiving frame body for holding a lid body that covers an upper opening of the trench channel; and a receiving frame body that is provided on the receiving frame body and joined to the anchoring member to form the side of the trench channel. The method includes a frame installation process for preparing one or more frame units having a fixing portion for fixing the frame body at a specified position and a panel upper end holding portion capable of holding the upper end region of the side panel, joining the fixing portion of the frame unit to the fixing member, and installing the frame body at a specified position, a panel installation process for holding the upper end region of the side panel panel in the panel upper end holding portion with the weir panel surface facing the side area intended to be filled with concrete, and a concrete pouring process for filling the side area intended to be filled with concrete with fresh concrete.

The frame body has a lid body mounting plate portion having a mounting surface on the upper surface thereof on which the outer edge region of the lid body is placed, and a first clamping piece suspended downward from the inner edge of the lid body mounting plate portion, the fixing portion has a fixing piece that can be joined to the fixing member, and a second clamping piece that is arranged opposite the first clamping piece so that a first fitting groove is formed between the first clamping piece and the second clamping piece, the panel upper end side holding portion is configured to include the first clamping piece and the second clamping piece, and is capable of gripping the upper end side region of the side panel that is fitted into the first fitting groove, and in the panel installation process, the upper end side region of the side panel may be fitted into the first fitting groove.

The channel construction method according to the present disclosure may further include a step of installing a bottom-end anti-slip member, which installs a bottom-end anti-slip member that prevents the bottom end region of the side panel from shifting toward the planned channel formation area, at least prior to the concrete pouring step.

The panel lower end anti-slip member may be a panel lower end holding member that is located below the planned groove formation area, is positioned and fixed in the planned bottom concrete filling area where fresh concrete will be filled to form the bottom of the groove, and is capable of holding the lower end region of the side panel.

The panel lower end anti-slip member may also have a panel receiving portion having a second fitting groove into which the lower end region of the side panel can be fitted.

In addition, the channel construction method according to the present disclosure may simultaneously fill the side concrete filling area and the bottom concrete filling area with fresh concrete during the concrete pouring step.

In addition, in the concrete pouring process, fresh concrete may be filled into the bottom concrete filling area so that the lower end surface of the side panel held by the panel lower end holding member is embedded in the fresh concrete.

The method may further include a slab construction step of constructing a concrete slab, a portion of which forms the bottom of the channel, prior to the fixing member installation step, and in the panel installation step, the upper end region of the side panel is fixed to the panel upper end retaining portion so that the lower end surface of the side panel abuts the upper surface of the concrete slab, and in the position shift prevention member installation step, the panel lower end side slip prevention member is installed in the region of the upper surface of the concrete slab that is surrounded by the channel side surface forming surface of the side panel.

The technology according to the present disclosure can be specified as a channel construction unit for constructing a channel without using formwork supports. That is, the channel construction unit according to the present disclosure includes one or more side panel panels for forming the side of the channel, with a channel side forming surface formed on one side and a dam surface formed on the other side, one or more fixing members positioned and fixed in a side concrete filling planned area where fresh concrete for forming the side of the channel is filled, a long frame body for holding a cover body covering the upper opening of the channel, a fixing part provided on the frame body and joined to the fixing member for fixing the frame body in a specified position, and a panel upper end side holding part capable of holding an upper end side area of the side panel.

Here, the frame body has a lid body mounting plate portion having a mounting surface on the upper surface side on which the outer edge side area of the lid body is placed, and a first clamping piece suspended downward from the inner edge of the lid body mounting plate portion, the fixing portion has a fixing piece that can be joined to the fixing member, and a second clamping piece that is arranged opposite the first clamping piece so that a first fitting groove is formed between the first clamping piece, and the panel upper end side holding portion is configured to include the first clamping piece and the second clamping piece, and may be capable of gripping the upper end side area of the side panel panel that is fitted into the first fitting groove.

The panel may further include a lower end anti-slip member that prevents the lower end region of the side panel from shifting toward the area where the groove is to be formed.

The panel lower end anti-slip member may be a panel lower end holding member that is located below the planned groove formation area, is positioned and fixed in the planned bottom concrete filling area where fresh concrete will be filled to form the bottom of the groove, and is capable of holding the lower end region of the side panel.

The panel lower end holding member may also have a panel receiving portion having a second fitting groove into which the lower end region of the side panel can be fitted.

The concrete top setting height in the bottom concrete filling area may be set at a position relatively higher than the lower end surface of the side panel held by the panel lower end holding member.

The channel construction unit may be a unit for constructing the side of a channel above a preconstructed concrete slab, a portion of which forms the bottom of the channel, and the panel upper end retaining portion may hold the upper end region of the side panel so that the lower end surface of the side panel is in contact with the upper surface of the concrete slab, and the panel lower end anti-slip member may be installed in an area of the upper surface of the concrete slab that is surrounded by the channel side surface forming surface of the side panel.

According to the present disclosure, it is possible to provide a groove construction unit and a groove construction method that are simple and have excellent workability.
can be provided.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a groove construction unit according to the first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a channel constructed by the channel construction unit according to the first embodiment. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a planar arrangement of the channel construction units according to the first embodiment. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the frame unit taken along the line AA shown in FIG. FIG. 5 is an oblique view of the frame body in the frame unit of embodiment 1. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a fixing portion in the receiving frame unit according to the first embodiment. FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the side panel according to the first embodiment. FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the panel lower end side holding member according to the first embodiment. FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a fixing member installation step according to the first embodiment. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a state in which the fixing member installation step according to the first embodiment is completed. FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating the status of the receiving frame installation process according to the first embodiment. FIG. 12 is a view for explaining a joint piece according to the first embodiment. FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining the state of the slip prevention member installation step according to the first embodiment. FIG. 14 is a diagram for explaining the state of the panel installation process according to the first embodiment. FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating the width stopper of the first embodiment. FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an example of a planar arrangement of a groove construction unit according to a modified example of the first embodiment. FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a schematic view of the channel construction unit as viewed from the direction of arrows FF in FIG. FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of the frame unit taken along the line GG shown in FIG. FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a fixing portion in the receiving frame unit 4 according to a modified example of the first embodiment. FIG. 20 is a view of a connecting portion in which end regions of a receiving frame body are connected to each other via a connecting member according to a modified example of the first embodiment, as viewed from above. FIG. 21 is a front view of a connecting portion of a frame body according to a modified example of embodiment 1. FIG. FIG. 22 is a side view of the connecting portion of the frame body according to a modified example of embodiment 1. FIG. FIG. 23 is a diagram illustrating brackets before being connected by a joint piece according to a modified example of the first embodiment. FIG. 24 is a diagram illustrating a general-use panel lower-end side holding member according to a modified example of the first embodiment. FIG. 25 is a diagram illustrating an end panel lower end side holding member according to a modified example of the first embodiment. FIG. 26 is a diagram for explaining the state of a groove construction method according to a modified example of the first embodiment. FIG. 27 is a diagram illustrating a groove construction unit according to the second embodiment. FIG. 28 is a diagram illustrating a channel constructed by the channel construction unit according to the second embodiment. FIG. 29 is a diagram showing a state in which the fixing member setting step and the receiving frame setting step according to the second embodiment are completed. FIG. 30 is a diagram for explaining the state of a panel installation process according to the second embodiment. FIG. 31 is a schematic top view of the state after the displacement prevention member installation step according to the second embodiment is completed. FIG. 32 is a diagram illustrating a groove construction unit according to a modified example of the second embodiment. FIG. 33 is a diagram showing a modified example of the panel lower end side holding member. FIG. 34 is a diagram for explaining an example of installation of the panel lower end side holding member shown in FIG. FIG. 35 is a diagram illustrating a modified example of the receiving frame unit.

Below, a groove construction unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure and a groove construction method using the same will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that each configuration and their combinations in the embodiments are merely examples, and additions, omissions, substitutions, and other modifications of configurations are possible as appropriate within the scope of the gist of the present disclosure. The present disclosure is not limited by the embodiments, but is limited only by the claims.

<Embodiment 1>
<<Ditch Construction Unit and Ditch>>
Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating a groove construction unit 1 according to embodiment 1. Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating a groove 100 constructed by the groove construction unit 1 according to embodiment 1.

The channel 100 according to the first embodiment is constructed using the channel construction unit 1 shown in FIG. 1. The channel 100 is not particularly limited, but may be a water channel such as a drainage channel or a side gutter. It may also be a channel for preventing oil or liquid hazardous materials from flowing out to the outside, or a channel for installing piping and wiring. The channel 100 is defined by, for example, side surfaces 101, 101 formed in opposition to each other in the longitudinal direction, and a bottom surface 102 connecting the lower ends of the side surfaces 101, 101, and an upper opening 103 is formed at the top. The side surfaces 101, 101 of the channel 100 are formed by the surfaces of side panel panels 2 that are substantially elongated and arranged in opposition to each other along the longitudinal direction of the channel 100. Also, the symbol CH shown in FIG. 2 is hardened concrete (concrete after hardening). Also, the symbol 104 is a side portion of the channel 100, and the symbol 105 is a bottom portion of the channel 100. The sides 104 and bottom 105 of the channel 100 may be made of reinforced concrete. In other words, although not shown in FIG. 1, the hardened concrete CH may have reinforcing bars for architectural construction arranged inside it.

As shown in FIG. 2, a frame unit 4 is attached to the upper end region 2A of the side panel 2 in the channel 100. The frame unit 4 is a member included in the channel construction unit 1, and will be described in detail later. It has a long frame body 41 that extends along the opening edge formed around the upper opening 103 of the channel 100. The frame body 41 is a frame member for holding the outer edge region 106A of the cover body 106 that covers the upper opening 103 of the channel 100. The structure of the cover body 106 is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a lattice-shaped grating cover.

Figure 3 is a diagram showing an example of the planar arrangement of the trench construction unit 1 according to the first embodiment. Figure 3 shows the state in which the installation of the trench construction unit 1 at the construction site is completed. When the installation of the trench construction unit 1 at the construction site is completed, a trench formation planned area R1 is formed within the planar area surrounded by the trench construction unit 1. The trench formation planned area R1 is the area in which the trench 100 is to be formed (the area in which the trench 100 is to be formed). Meanwhile, in the planar outer area of the trench construction unit 1, an area R2 (hereinafter referred to as the "side concrete filling planned area") in which fresh concrete (concrete before hardening, also called "fresh concrete") to form the side 104 of the trench 100 is to be filled is specified.

In FIG. 3, the groove construction unit 1 defines the groove formation area R1, which is roughly L-shaped in plan view, but the shape of the groove formation area R1 is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a straight groove extending in one direction or a groove having another shape. As shown in FIG. 1, below the groove formation area R1, a bottom concrete filling area R3 is defined between the base 200 and the groove formation area R1. This bottom concrete filling area R3 is an area where fresh concrete should be filled (is to be filled) to form the bottom 105 of the groove 100. The dashed line shown in FIG. 1 indicates the boundary between the groove formation area R1 and the bottom concrete filling area R3. The base 200 is a foundation for installing the groove construction unit 1 for constructing the groove 100 and for supporting the concrete for constructing the groove 100, and may be a concrete base or a steel plate base such as a deck plate. FIG. 1 also shows a schematic view of the channel construction unit 1 as viewed from the direction of the arrows A-A shown in FIG. 3.

Next, the trench construction unit 1 according to the embodiment 1 will be described in detail. The trench construction unit 1 according to the embodiment 1 is a unit for constructing a trench 100 without using a formwork support,
One or more rectangular side panel panels 2 for forming a side surface 101 of the channel 100, each of which has a channel side surface forming surface 21 formed on one surface and a dam surface 22 formed on the other surface;
One or more anchoring members 3 that are positioned and fixed in a side concrete filling area R2 in which concrete is to be filled to form the side 104 of the channel 100;
The frame unit 4 includes one or more frame units 4 having a long frame body 41 for holding a lid 106 that covers the upper opening 103 of the groove 100, a fixing portion 42 that is integral with the frame body 41 and is joined to the fixing member 3 to fix the frame body 41 in a specified position, and a panel upper end holding portion 44 that can hold the upper end region 2A of the side panel 2.

The frame unit 4 is a unit body including the frame body 41 and the fixing portion 42 attached integrally to the frame body 41. In the example shown in FIG. 3, a plurality of frame units 4 are sequentially connected in the longitudinal direction, and are connected in a ring shape as a whole. In the example shown in FIG. 3, six frame units 4 (six frame bodies 41) are connected, but of course the number of frame units 4 is not particularly limited. The symbol P1 shown in FIG. 3 indicates the connection points where the plurality of frame bodies 41 (frame units 4) are connected to each other. As is clear from FIG. 3, the frame body 41 of the frame unit 4 is not limited to a linear type having a linear planar shape, and may have various planar shapes such as an L-shape or a U-shape as a whole. In addition, the length dimension in the longitudinal direction of the frame body 41 is not particularly limited.

The fixing portion 42 of the frame unit 4 is attached to one or more locations on the frame body 41, and is configured to be joined to the fixing member 3 as shown in FIG. 1. The fixing member 3 is, for example, a cut bolt (sometimes called a "long thread bolt" or "full thread bolt") that is fixed to the base 200 and stands upward from the base 200. Here, in the case where the base 200 is a concrete base (floor concrete, concrete floor, leveling concrete, etc.), a post-installed anchor may be inserted into a hole drilled in the concrete base, and the fixing member 3 (cut bolt) may be fixed to the existing concrete base via the post-installed anchor (for example, a metal anchor or an adhesive anchor). The fixing member 3 fixed to the base 200 is disposed in the side concrete filling planned area R2 as shown in FIG. 1. The fixing portion 42 of the frame unit 4 is configured to be joinable to the fixing member 3 fixed to the base 200, and by joining the fixing portion 42 to the fixing member 3, the frame body 41 integrated with the fixing portion 42 can be positioned and fixed at a specified position.

Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the frame unit 4 at position B-B shown in Figure 3. The cross-sectional view of the frame unit 4 here refers to a cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction (longitudinal direction) of the frame unit 4. Figure 5 is a perspective view of the frame body 41 in the frame unit 4 according to the first embodiment. Figure 6 is a diagram showing the fixing portion 42 in the frame unit 4 according to the first embodiment. In Figure 6, (a) is a side view of the fixing portion 42, (b) is a plan view of the fixing portion 42 (arrow C), and (c) is a front view of the fixing portion 42 (arrow D).

The receiving frame body 41 is formed by sheet metal processing of a metal plate such as a stainless steel plate. The receiving frame body 41 includes a lid body mounting plate portion 411 having a mounting surface 411A on the upper surface side for mounting the outer edge side area 106A of the lid body 106 that covers the upper opening 103 of the groove 100 after construction, a first clamping piece 412 suspended downward from the inner end edge 411B of the lid body mounting plate portion 411, and a rising portion 413 erected upward from the outer end edge 411C of the lid body mounting plate portion 411. The reference symbol 411D indicates a lower surface located on the opposite side to the mounting surface 411A of the lid body mounting plate portion 411. The mounting surface 411A and the lower surface 411D of the lid body mounting plate portion 411 are formed as flat surfaces. Furthermore, as shown in Figure 3, when the receiving frame unit 4 is installed in the specified position, the receiving frame main body 41 extends along the boundary between the area R1 where a trench is planned to be formed and the area R2 where the side concrete is planned to be filled, and more specifically, the receiving frame main body 41 is positioned so that the first clamping piece 412 is located on the side of the area R1 where a trench is planned to be formed, and the rising portion 413 is located on the side of the area R2 where the side concrete is planned to be filled.

The fixing portion 42 of the frame unit 4 is integrally joined to the frame body 41 by an appropriate joining method such as welding. As shown in FIG. 3, the fixing portion 42 of the frame unit 4 is provided at one or more locations on the frame body 41. In the example shown in FIG. 6, the fixing portion 42 is formed of a metal plate having a roughly L-shape in side view. The fixing portion 42 can be formed, for example, by sheet metal processing of a steel plate or the like. The fixing portion 42 is configured to include a fixing piece 421 that can be joined to the fixing member 3 and a second clamping piece 422 that is connected to the fixing piece 421. In the example shown in FIG. 6, the second clamping piece 422 in the fixing portion 42 has a roughly V-shape in side view. However, the shape of the fixing portion 42 is not particularly limited.

In the example shown in FIG. 6(a), the fixed piece 421 in the fixing portion 42 is a flat metal plate, and the second clamping piece 422 is connected to the fixed piece 421 in a bent state. In this embodiment, for example, the fixed piece 421 is joined to the lid body mounting plate portion 411 by fillet welding or the like with the upper surface 421A of the fixed piece 421 aligned with the lower surface 411D of the lid body mounting plate portion 411 of the receiving frame main body 41, thereby forming the receiving frame unit 4 in which the fixed portion 42 and the receiving frame main body 41 are integrated.

As shown in FIG. 6B, the fixing piece 421 of the fixing portion 42 has a joining hole 423 for joining the fixing portion 42 to the fixing member 3. The joining hole 423 is formed penetrating the fixing piece 421 in the plate thickness direction. In the example shown in FIG. 6B, the joining hole 423 in the fixing piece 421 has a rectangular shape, but the shape and size of the joining hole 423 are not particularly limited.

As shown in FIG. 4, the frame unit 4 configured as described above has a first clamping piece 412 on the lid mounting plate portion 411 of the frame body 41 and a second clamping piece 422 on the fixing portion 42 arranged opposite each other with a gap therebetween, and a first fitting groove 43 is formed between them. The first fitting groove 43 is formed as a narrow groove that extends in one direction and opens downward, and extends parallel to the longitudinal direction of the frame body 41.

The panel upper end holding portion 44 in the frame unit 4 is formed by a combination of the first clamping piece 412 on the frame body 41 side and the second clamping piece 422 on the fixing portion 42 side. In other words, the panel upper end holding portion 44 of the frame unit 4 is formed including the first clamping piece 412 on the frame body 41 side and the second clamping piece 422 on the fixing portion 42 side, and the upper end side region 2A of the side panel 2 can be inserted and fitted into the first fitting groove 43 formed between the first clamping piece 412 and the second clamping piece 422. The panel upper end holding portion 44 can hold the upper end side region 2A of the side panel 2 fixedly by gripping the upper end side region 2A of the side panel 2 fitted into the first fitting groove 43 (see FIG. 1).

Figure 7 is a perspective view of the side panel 2 according to the first embodiment. The side panel 2 is a rectangular board for forming the side 101 (side wall) of the channel 100, and is also used as a throwaway formwork (buried formwork) when filling (casting) fresh concrete in the side concrete filling area R2. After the side concrete hardens, it is left as a member for forming the side 101 (side wall) of the channel 100 without being removed. As shown in Figures 1 and 7, the side panel 2 has a channel side forming surface 21 formed on one side and a dam surface 22 formed on the other side (the surface opposite to the channel side forming surface 21). Also, the symbol 2B in Figure 7 indicates the lower end region of the side panel 2, and the symbol 2C indicates the lower end surface of the side panel 2.

In this embodiment, the side panel 2 is formed, for example, from a flat fiber-reinforced cement board. The side panel 2 has a longitudinal dimension of, for example, 30 to 242 cm, and a transverse dimension of, for example, 2 to 242 cm. From the standpoint of reducing the manufacturing and transportation costs of the side panel 2 and facilitating the assembly work of the side panel 2, the longitudinal dimension is preferably 30 to 200 cm, and the transverse dimension is preferably 2 to 50 cm (particularly, 2 to 40 cm).

Examples of the flat fiber-reinforced cement boards forming the side panel 2 include slate boards, calcium silicate boards, and slag gypsum boards. Slate boards include, for example, cement, fiber (excluding asbestos), and admixtures as main raw materials. Calcium silicate boards include, for example, calcareous raw materials, siliceous raw materials, fiber (excluding asbestos), and admixtures as main raw materials. Slag gypsum boards include, for example, slag, gypsum, fiber (excluding asbestos), and admixtures as main raw materials. Standards for these fiber-reinforced cement boards are set out in JIS A 5430. From the viewpoint of water resistance, slate boards and calcium silicate boards are preferred as fiber-reinforced cement boards forming the side panel 2. In addition, examples of commercially available slate boards include "Selflex" manufactured by A&A Material Co., Ltd. Examples of commercially available calcium silicate boards include "Hilac M" manufactured by A&A Material Co., Ltd. An example of a commercially available slag gypsum board is "Tiger Board" manufactured by Yoshino Gypsum Co., Ltd.

The thickness of the side panel 2 is preferably 3 mm or more, more preferably 5 mm or more, and even more preferably 6 mm or more. This configuration is preferable from the viewpoint of ensuring the strength of the side panel 2, and is preferable from the viewpoint of suppressing damage and bending of the side panel 2 during transportation and assembly work of the side panel 2, and during concrete pouring. In addition, the thickness of the side panel 2 is preferably 30 mm or less, more preferably 20 mm or less, and even more preferably 10 mm or less. This configuration is preferable from the viewpoint of reducing the weight of the side panel 2, and is preferable from the viewpoint of suppressing the manufacturing cost and transportation cost of the side panel 2, and from the viewpoint of ease of assembly work of the side panel 2.

Here, the dam surface 22 of the side panel 2 may be formed as an adhesion-improved surface. This adhesion-improved surface is, for example, a surface suitable for bonding with hardened concrete, and is a surface that has been treated to improve adhesion with hardened concrete. By providing an adhesion-improved surface, it is possible to increase the bonding strength with hardened concrete, and to make it difficult for the side panel 2 to peel off from the surface of the hardened concrete. The adhesion-improved surface of the side panel 2 may be, for example, a hardened mortar layer surface, an unevenly molded surface, a mechanically roughened surface, or a combination of these. From the viewpoint of mass production and economic efficiency of the side panel 2, the hardened mortar layer surface is preferable as the adhesion-improved surface of the side panel 2.

The surface of the mortar hardened layer in the side panel 2 can be formed by applying mortar to the surface of the above-mentioned fiber-reinforced cement board and then hardening it. Examples of such mortar include polymer cement mortar, epoxy resin mortar, and cationic mortar.

The polymer cement mortar is, for example, a mortar that is a mixture of cement, fine aggregate, water, and a polymer dispersion or a re-emulsified powdered resin. Examples of the polymer dispersion include ethylene vinyl acetate resin (EVA) and acrylic resin. Examples of commercially available ethylene vinyl acetate resins that can be used as polymer dispersions include "Cellmighty 10" manufactured by Daicel Miraize Co., Ltd. Examples of commercially available acrylic resins that can be used as polymer dispersions include "Super Petrock 400" manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation.

Cationic mortar is, for example, a mortar that is a mixture of cement, fine aggregate, water, and a cationic polymer dispersion or a cationic re-emulsified powdered resin. Examples of cationic polymer dispersions include cationic styrene-butadiene rubber and cationic acrylic resin. Commercially available cationic styrene-butadiene rubber that can be used as a cationic polymer dispersion includes "Celtal" manufactured by Daicel Miraize Co., Ltd. Commercially available cationic acrylic resin that can be used as a cationic polymer dispersion includes "Celcation" manufactured by Daicel Miraize Co., Ltd.

Epoxy resin mortar is, for example, a mortar that is a mixture of epoxy resin and fine aggregate. Commercially available epoxy resin mortars include "K Mortar" manufactured by Konishi Co., Ltd.

Examples of fine aggregates in the mortar include silica sand, river sand, obsidian perlite, perlite, calcium carbonate powder, etc. The mortar may contain one type of fine aggregate, or two or more types of fine aggregates.

When the adhesion-improved surface of the side panel 2 is the surface of the hardened mortar layer, the thickness of the hardened mortar layer is preferably 0.5 mm or more, more preferably 1 mm or more, and even more preferably 1.5 mm or more, from the viewpoint of ensuring high adhesive strength to concrete. Also, from the viewpoint of reducing the weight of the side panel 2 and improving workability, and from the viewpoint of reducing the manufacturing and transportation costs of the side panel 2, the thickness of the hardened mortar layer is preferably 10 mm or less, more preferably 5 mm or less, and even more preferably 3 mm or less.

When the adhesion improvement surface of the side panel 2 is an unevenly molded surface, for example, during the process of producing a fiber-reinforced cement board to form the side panel 2, the unevenly molded surface can be formed by press-molding or extrusion-molding the fiber-reinforced cement board using a mold member such as a template having a predetermined uneven shape.

When the adhesion improvement surface of the side panel 2 is a mechanically roughened surface, for example, the surface of the fiber-reinforced cement board used to form the side panel 2 can be roughened by subjecting the surface to a mechanical roughening treatment such as sanding or chipping, thereby forming a mechanically roughened surface.

The groove side forming surface 21 of the side panel 2 may be formed as a decorative surface (finished surface). In this case, the groove side forming surface 21 of the side panel 2 may be formed by a finishing coating material applied to the surface of the fiber-reinforced cement board. The finishing coating material for forming the groove side forming surface 21 of the side panel 2 may be, for example, a thick-film epoxy resin-based or water-based hard urethane-based finishing coating material. An example of a thick-film epoxy resin-based finishing coating material is "Chemicrete E" manufactured by ABC Shokai Co., Ltd. An example of a water-based hard urethane-based finishing coating material is "Toughcrete MH" manufactured by ABC Shokai Co., Ltd., which has excellent heat resistance, low temperature resistance, abrasion resistance, water resistance, antibacterial properties, etc. By forming the groove side forming surface 21 of the side panel 2 as a decorative surface (finished surface), it is not necessary to apply a finishing material to the groove forming surface 21 of the side panel 2 again after constructing the groove using the groove construction unit 1, which is preferable from the viewpoint of work efficiency.

As the side panel 2 as described above, the one described in JP-A-8-312092 (however, it does not contain asbestos) and the "Cell Kekomi Panel" and "Cell Slim Step Board" manufactured by Daicel Miraize Co., Ltd. are particularly preferred.

Next, the detailed structure of the panel lower end retaining member 5 shown in FIG. 1 will be described. The panel lower end retaining member 5 is a member that is positioned and fixed in the bottom concrete filling area R3, and is capable of fixing and holding the lower end area 2B of the side panel 2. The panel lower end retaining member 5 corresponds to a panel lower end anti-slip member that prevents the lower end area 2B of the side panel 2 installed in a specified position from shifting toward the groove formation area R1. This makes it possible to prevent the lower end area 2B of the side panel 2 from shifting toward the groove formation area R1 even if the pressure of the concrete poured in the side concrete filling area R2 acts on the side panel 2 in the subsequent fresh concrete pouring process.

Figure 8 is a perspective view of the panel lower end holding member 5 according to the first embodiment. The panel lower end holding member 5 has a base portion 51 that can be fixed to the base 200, a panel receiving portion 53 having a second fitting groove 52 into which the lower end region 2B of the side panel 2 can be fitted, and a shaft portion 54 that connects the base portion 51 and the panel receiving portion 53. Figure 8 shows a pair of panel lower end holding members 5 and a connecting rod member 55 for connecting the pair of panel lower end holding members 5.

The base portion 51 of the panel lower end holding member 5 is a base member having a flat underside that can be stably placed on the base 200, and is provided with fixing holes 51A through which fixing tools such as nails can be inserted. The number of fixing holes 51A in the base portion 51 is not particularly limited, but it is preferable that the base portion 51 has fixing holes 51A in multiple locations. For example, if the base 200 is a concrete base, the base portion 51 can be fixed to the concrete base by driving concrete nails or the like into the concrete base through the fixing holes 51A.

The shaft 54 of the panel lower end holding member 5 is formed, for example, by a cut bolt, and connects the base 51 and the panel receiving portion 53 to each other. The base 51 of the panel lower end holding member 5 is formed with a connecting portion 51B that can connect the lower end side of the shaft 54. For example, the connecting portion 51B may be configured as a sleeve body into which the shaft 54 can be screwed, and may have a female threaded portion on the inner peripheral surface side of the sleeve body into which the shaft 54 can be screwed.

A second fitting groove 52 is formed in the upper part of the panel receiving part 53, into which the lower end region 2B of the side panel 2 can be fitted, and the lower end region 2B of the side panel 2 fitted into the second fitting groove 52 can be gripped. As shown in FIG. 8, the second fitting groove 52 of the panel receiving part 53 is formed as a narrow groove that extends in one direction and opens upward. In addition, a nut (not shown) into which the upper end side of the shaft part 54 can be screwed is attached to the lower end surface of the panel receiving part 53, and the panel receiving part 53 and the shaft part 54 are connected to each other by screwing the upper end side of the shaft part 54 into the nut. The panel lower end side holding member 5 can freely change the height from the base part 51 to the second fitting groove 52 by changing the amount of screwing of the shaft part 54 into the nut of the panel receiving part 53. With this type of height adjustment mechanism, the panel lower end holding member 5 can freely adjust the height of the second fitting groove 52 while the base portion 51 is fixed to the base 200.

Furthermore, the panel receiving portion 53 of the panel lower end holding member 5 is provided with a connecting sleeve 56 having an attachment hole 57 into which an end of a connecting rod member 55 can be inserted and held. The connecting rod member 55 is formed of a hard rod member such as an elongated round steel. In the example shown in FIG. 8, the connecting rod member 55 includes a width determining portion 551 extending in one direction and a pair of attachment ends 552 that bend and extend from both ends of the width determining portion 551. The connecting rod member 55 may be formed, for example, by bending both ends of a round steel into a roughly U-shape.

As shown in FIG. 8, the connecting rod member 55 is used in such a manner that a pair of mounting ends 552 provided at both ends of the width determining portion 551 are mounted in mounting holes 57 in the connecting sleeves 56 of a different set of panel lower end side holding members 5. In other words, the different sets of panel lower end side holding members 5 share a single connecting rod member 55, and the mounting ends 552 of the connecting rod member 55 are mounted in the mounting holes 57 in the connecting sleeves 56. This allows the set of panel lower end side holding members 5 to be connected to each other via the shared connecting rod member 55.

Furthermore, the panel lower end side holding member 5 according to this embodiment has a guide portion 58 for guiding (regulating) the orientation of the connecting rod member 55 mounted in the mounting hole 57 of the connecting sleeve 56. As shown in FIG. 8, the guide portion 58 of the panel lower end side holding member 5 has a pair of opposing regulating walls 58A, 58A provided above the mounting hole 57 in the connecting sleeve 56. As shown in FIG. 8, when the mounting end 552 of the connecting rod member 55 is mounted in the mounting hole 57 in the connecting sleeve 56, the width determining portion 551 is positioned in the gap 58B formed between the opposing regulating walls 58A, 58A. In this state, even if the mounting end 552 inserted into the mounting hole 57 of the connecting sleeve 56 tries to rotate in the axial direction within the mounting hole 57, the width determining portion 551 positioned in the gap 58B interferes with the regulating wall 58A, thereby restricting the rotation of the mounting end 552. In this way, the panel lower end holding member 5 according to this embodiment can only attach the connecting rod member 55 to the connecting sleeve 56 in a predefined orientation.

In the example of the panel lower end side holding member 5 shown in FIG. 8, the restricting walls 58A, 58A extend perpendicularly to the extending direction of the second fitting groove 52 in the panel receiving portion 53. As a result, when the connecting rod member 55 is attached to the mounting hole 57 of the connecting sleeve 56, the angle between the extending direction of the second fitting groove 52 and the extending direction of the width determining portion 551 (hereinafter referred to as the "connecting member mounting angle") can be set at a right angle. Then, by appropriately changing the angle between the extending direction of the second fitting groove 52 in the panel receiving portion 53 and the extending direction of the restricting walls 58A, 58A, the connecting member mounting angle can be freely changed. In this embodiment, multiple types of panel lower end side holding members 5 having different connecting member mounting angles may be prepared according to the specifications of the groove 100 to be constructed. Examples of the connecting member mounting angle of the panel receiving portion 53 include 45°, 90°, and 135°, but are not particularly limited to these angles. The manner in which one end of the connecting rod member 55 is connected to the panel receiving portion 53 of the panel lower end holding member 5 is not limited to the above manner, and various manners can be adopted.

<<How to build a channel>>
In this embodiment, the trench 100 is constructed using the trench construction unit 1 configured as above. A construction method (construction method) of the trench 100 using the trench construction unit 1 will be described below.

First, in the anchoring member installation process, a predetermined number of anchoring members 3 are prepared, and the prepared anchoring members 3 are positioned and fixed in the side concrete filling area R2 where concrete will be filled to form the side 104 of the groove 100. Here, an example is described in which cut bolts are used as the anchoring members 3, but of course the anchoring members 3 are not limited to cut bolts, and various materials such as deformed steel bars and angle bars can be used as long as they can hold the receiving frame unit 4 by joining the fixing portion 42 of the receiving frame unit 4.

FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining the state of the fixing member installation step according to the first embodiment. Note that FIG. 9 shows the state of the fixing member installation step corresponding to the E-E position shown in FIG. 3. In the example shown in FIG. 9, the fixing member 3 (e.g., a cut-to-size bolt) is erected at a predetermined position of the concrete base 200A. For example, after drilling a hole at a predetermined position of the concrete base 200A as a base, a post-installed anchor (e.g., a metal anchor) is inserted and driven into the hole to fix the post-installed anchor in the hole. Then, the fixing member 3 (e.g., a cut-to-size bolt) may be screwed into the female thread of the post-installed anchor to erect the fixing member 3 (e.g., a cut-to-size bolt) on the concrete base 200A. The concrete base 200A may be, for example, a waste (leveling) concrete or a slab concrete, and is not particularly limited. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a state where the anchoring member installation process according to the first embodiment is completed, in which the necessary number of anchoring members 3 (e.g., cut-to-length bolts) are positioned and fixed at the specified positions of the concrete base 200A, and are erected upward from the concrete base 200. In FIG. 10, the frame units 4 that have not yet been installed at the present time are shown by dashed lines. In addition, when the channel 100 to be constructed is a reinforced concrete structure, the anchoring members 3 may be fixed to the concrete base 200A after the architectural structural steel bars are arranged in the side concrete filling planned area R2 and the bottom concrete filling planned area R3. Alternatively, after the anchoring members 3 are fixed to the concrete base 200A, the architectural structural steel bars may be arranged in the side concrete filling planned area R2 and the bottom concrete filling planned area R3.

Next, in the frame installation process, a predetermined number of frame units 4 are prepared, and the fixing parts 42 of the frame units 4 are joined to the fixing members 3 erected on the concrete base 200A, thereby installing the frame main bodies 41 of the frame units 4 in the specified positions.

11 is a diagram for explaining the state of the frame installation process according to the first embodiment. In the example shown in FIG. 11, the fixing portion 42 in the frame unit 4 is joined to the fixing member 3 using a pair of nuts 6. For example, the fixing member 3 with one nut 6 screwed thereon may be passed through the joining hole 423 (see FIG. 6) formed in the fixing piece 421 in the fixing portion 42, and then the other nut 6 may be screwed to the fixing member 3 to join the fixing portion 42 in the frame unit 4 to the fixing member 3. This allows the frame body 41 in the frame unit 4 to be installed at a specified position. At that time, when joining the fixing portion 42 in the frame unit 4 to the fixing member 3, the height of the fixing portion 42 is measured and adjusted to a specified height, so that the frame unit 4 can be installed at a specified position with high precision. Note that here, an example of joining the fixing portion 42 in the frame unit 4 to the fixing member 3 using nuts 6 has been described, but this is not limited thereto. For example, the fixing portion 42 in the frame unit 4 may be joined to the fixing member 3 by welding or the like. In addition, if deformed steel bars or angle bars are used for the fixing member 3, the fixing portion 42 of the frame unit 4 may be joined to the deformed steel bars or angle bars by welding or the like.

When the frame installation process is completed, all frame units 4 are installed in the specified positions as shown in Figure 3, and adjacent frame bodies 41 in the longitudinal direction are connected (joined) to each other. At this time, each frame unit 4 is installed so that the panel upper end retaining portion 44 (first fitting groove 43) is positioned on the side of the planned trench formation area R1. In addition, the extension direction of each frame body 41 and first fitting groove 43 is oriented so as to be parallel to the boundary direction between the planned trench formation area R1 and the side concrete filling area R2.

In this embodiment, each frame body 41 is provided with a joint piece 45 at one end in the longitudinal direction for connecting the frame bodies 41 together, and is configured so that the frame bodies 41 can be joined together via this joint piece 45. Figure 12 is a diagram illustrating the joint piece 45 provided at one end of the frame body 41 according to embodiment 1. Figure 12 shows a perspective view of the joint piece 45 arranged at one end of the frame body 41 and its vicinity.

The joint piece 45 is an angle material having a generally L-shape in a side view, and is joined to the back side of the frame body 41 by welding or the like. As shown in FIG. 12, the joint piece 45 protrudes from one end side of the frame body 41 toward the outside in the longitudinal direction, and the upper surface of this protruding area is formed as a mounting surface 45A on which the end of another frame body 41 is placed. Here, among the longitudinal ends of the frame body 41, the end on which the joint piece 45 is provided is called the first end, and the end on which the joint piece 45 is not provided is called the second end. In this embodiment, when the frame bodies 41 are interconnected in the longitudinal direction, the first end of one frame body 41 and the second end of the other frame body 41 are joined in a butted state.

According to this, the second end of one of the frame bodies 41 can be placed on the mounting surface 45A of the joint piece 45 provided at the first end of one of the frame bodies 41 to be connected to each other, and the first end and the second end can be butted together. In this state, the joint piece 45 can be joined to the second end of the other frame body 41 by welding or the like, so that the frame bodies 41 can be easily connected together. However, the joint piece 45 provided on the frame body 41 of the frame unit 4 is not a required configuration, and the joint piece 45 does not have to be provided. In this case, the end faces of the frame bodies 41 can be butted together and joined by welding or the like to connect the frame bodies 41 to each other.

As shown in FIG. 3, the number of fixing parts 42 installed on the frame body 41 in each frame unit 4 may be at least one, but it is preferable to arrange the fixing parts 42 in a well-balanced manner according to the shape and length of the frame body 41 and support each fixing part 42 by joining it to the fixing member 3. For example, it is preferable to provide multiple fixing parts 42 on a frame body 41 other than a linear type, such as an L-shaped or U-shaped frame body 41 in a plan view, so that the frame body 41 can be fixed in a stable position. In addition, as shown in FIG. 3, it is preferable that the number and positions of the fixing parts 42 provided on each frame body 41 are determined so that the arrangement intervals of the fixing parts 42 along the longitudinal direction of the frame body 41 are approximately equal (for example, about 500 mm) when multiple frame bodies 41 are connected in sequence. As described above, the joint pieces 45 are placed at the connecting ends of each frame body 41, so it is preferable to place the fixing parts 42 at positions other than the ends of the frame body 41 so that they do not interfere with the joint pieces 45.

After the above-mentioned receiving frame installation process is completed, the next step is the installation of a slip-stop member, in which a panel bottom-side slip-stop member (panel bottom-side retaining member 5) is installed to prevent the bottom end region 2B of the side panel 2 from slipping toward the planned groove formation area R1. In this embodiment, the panel bottom-side retaining member 5, which is positioned and fixed in the bottom concrete filling area R3, corresponds to the panel bottom-side slip-stop member.

Figure 13 is a diagram illustrating the status of the slip-stop member installation process according to the first embodiment. In the slip-stop member installation process, the required number of panel lower end holding members 5 are prepared, and each panel lower end holding member 5 is erected at a predetermined position on the concrete base 200A. More specifically, after the positions for installing the panel lower end holding members 5 on the concrete base 200A are determined, the base portion 51 of the panel lower end holding member 5 is fixed at the predetermined position. The base portion 51 is fixed by driving a concrete nail or the like into the concrete base 200A through the fixing hole 51A, as described above.

As shown in Figure 13, each panel lower end retaining member 5 erected on the concrete foundation 200A is disposed within the bottom concrete planned filling area R3 defined below the planned groove formation area R1, and in this state the second fitting groove 52 of the panel receiving portion 53 opens upward. Also, each panel lower end retaining member 5 installed on the concrete foundation 200A is oriented so that the second fitting groove 52 of the panel receiving portion 53 extends along the boundary direction between the side concrete planned filling area R2 and the bottom concrete planned filling area R3. As will be described later, in this embodiment, each side panel 2 has its upper end region 2A in contact with the first area 2A of the receiving frame unit 4.
The lower end region 2B is fitted into the fitting groove 43, and is held in a specified position by fitting the lower end region 2B into the second fitting groove 52 of the panel receiving portion 53 of the panel lower end holding member 5. Therefore, each panel lower end holding member 5 erected on the concrete foundation 200A is disposed approximately vertically below the receiving frame main body 41 of each receiving frame unit 4. Note that, in each panel lower end holding member 5 erected on the concrete foundation 200A, the height of the second fitting groove 52 in the panel receiving portion 53 is adjusted to a predetermined height using the height adjustment mechanism described above.

Also, as shown in FIG. 13, the connecting sleeve 56 of the panel receiving portion 53 of each panel lower end holding member 5 is arranged facing the inside of the bottom concrete filling area R3. In this way, the panel lower end holding members 5 facing each other in the bottom concrete filling area R3 can be connected by sharing the connecting rod members 55 attached to the connecting sleeves 56 of each other's panel receiving portions 53. Of course, the width determining portion 551 of the connecting rod member 55 can be adjusted in advance to an appropriate length depending on the shape and dimensions of the trench 100 to be constructed.

In this embodiment, the positions and number of the panel bottom end retaining members 5 are not particularly limited, but it is preferable to arrange the panel bottom end retaining members 5 in a balanced manner so that the distance between the panel bottom end retaining members 5 arranged at intervals along the boundary direction between the side concrete filling area R2 and the bottom concrete filling area R3 is not excessively large. For example, it is preferable to set the distance between the panel bottom end retaining members 5 to about 500 mm.

Next, one or more side panel panels 2 for forming the side surface 101 of the groove 100 are prepared, and the prepared side panel 2 is installed in the panel installation process. FIG. 14 is a diagram for explaining the state of the panel installation process according to the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 14, in the panel installation process, the upper end region 2A of each prepared side panel 2 is fitted (inserted) into the first fitting groove 43 of the panel upper end holding portion 44, and the lower end region 2B is fitted (inserted) into the second fitting groove 52 of the panel receiving portion 53 in the panel lower end holding member 5, thereby holding the side panel 2 by the panel upper end holding portion 44 and the panel lower end holding member 5. At that time, in this embodiment, the panel upper end holding portion 44 is arranged so that the upper end region 2A of each side panel 2 can be held at at least one place, and the panel lower end holding member 5 is arranged so that the lower end region 2B of each side panel 2 can be held at at least one place. This allows each side panel 2 to be firmly fixed to a specified position. Each side panel 2 is fixed and held by the panel upper end holding part 44 and the panel lower end holding member 5 with the dam plate surface 22 facing the side concrete filling area R2 and the channel side surface forming surface 21 facing the channel formation area R1.

The reference symbol L1 in FIG. 14 is the concrete top height when fresh concrete is filled (cast) in the side concrete filling area R2 in the concrete pouring process described below (hereinafter referred to as the "side concrete top height"). The reference symbol L2 is the concrete top height when fresh concrete is filled (cast) in the bottom concrete filling area R3 (hereinafter referred to as the "bottom concrete top height"). When the installation of each side panel 2 is complete, the state shown in FIG. 1 is reached, that is, the installation of the channel construction unit 1 at the construction site is complete, and the side concrete filling area R2 and the bottom concrete filling area R3 are ready to be filled with fresh concrete.

Next, in the concrete pouring process, fresh concrete is filled into the side concrete filling planned area R2 and the bottom concrete filling planned area R3. Here, fresh concrete is simultaneously filled (poured) into the side concrete filling planned area R2 and the bottom concrete filling planned area R3. That is, as described in FIG. 14, fresh concrete is filled (poured) into the side concrete filling planned area R2 up to the side concrete top height L1, and into the bottom concrete filling planned area R3 up to the bottom concrete top height L2. The simultaneous filling (poured) here does not necessarily mean that the concrete filling into the side concrete filling planned area R2 and the bottom concrete filling planned area R3 is carried out strictly at the same time. For example, the bottom concrete filling planned area R3 may be filled with fresh concrete first, and then the side concrete filling planned area R2 may be filled with fresh concrete continuously (continuously).

In addition, in the concrete pouring process, it is preferable to wet the surface of the dam plate surface 22 of each side panel 2 to adjust the water absorption of the dam plate surface 22 immediately before filling the side concrete-filling planned area R2 with fresh concrete. This prevents the moisture contained in the fresh concrete from being excessively absorbed by the fiber-reinforced cement base material constituting the side panel 2 during filling of the fresh concrete, leading to a so-called dry-out state. In addition, it is preferable to use a curing tape or the like to cure the finishing surfaces that are located at a position higher than the side concrete top height L1, such as the mounting surface 411A and the rising portion 413 of the lid body mounting plate portion 411 of the receiving frame main body 41. This prevents the fresh concrete from adhering to the above-mentioned finishing surfaces. In the concrete pouring process, the fresh concrete is compacted using a tamping rod, a rod-shaped vibrator, or the like, and the surface of the concrete top is finished using a trowel or the like as necessary, and the concrete is then hardened after a predetermined curing. This allows the construction of a groove 100 as shown in FIG. 2. If necessary, a leveling material or mortar may be poured into the bottom 105 of the constructed channel 100 to create a water gradient.

As described above, the channel construction unit 1 according to this embodiment includes a side panel 2 for forming the side surface 101 of the channel 100, an anchoring member 3 positioned and fixed to the side concrete filling area R2 where the side 104 of the channel 100 is formed, a long frame body 41 for holding a lid 106 that covers the upper opening 103 of the channel 100, an anchoring portion 42 that is integral with the frame body 41 and is joined to the anchoring member 3 to fix the frame body 41 in a specified position, and a panel upper end side holding portion 44 that can hold the upper end side area 2A of the side panel 2. According to the channel construction method using the channel construction unit 1, the anchoring member 3 is positioned and fixed to the side concrete filling area R2, and the anchoring portion 42 in the frame unit 4 is joined to the anchoring member 3 positioned and fixed to the side concrete filling area R2, so that the frame body 41 can be installed in a specified position. Then, the upper end region 2A of the side panel 2 is held by the panel upper end holding portion 44 of the frame unit 4, and fresh concrete is filled into the side concrete filling area R2 with the side panel 2 fixed in the specified position, thereby constructing the channel 100 while using the dam surface 22 of the side panel 2 as a dam when filling the concrete.

The side panel 2 of the channel construction unit 1 forms the side surface 101 of the channel 100 after the channel 100 is constructed, so that after the concrete filled in the side concrete filling area R2 hardens, there is no need to remove the side panel 2 from the hardened concrete. According to the fixing structure of the side panel 2 described above, the channel 100 can be constructed without using formwork supports. As a result, the workability when constructing the channel 100 is excellent, and the work process can be simplified. As a result, the labor, time, and cost required to construct the channel 100 can be reduced. Furthermore, in this embodiment, since there is no need to fix the side panel 2 using a so-called separator, even workers other than so-called formwork carpenters can easily construct the channel 100. However, this does not prevent the side panel 2 from being fixed to each other using a separator in addition to or instead of the panel lower end side retaining member 5.

In addition, the channel construction unit 1 according to this embodiment further includes a lower end region 2B of the side panel 2.
The panel lower end holding member 5 is provided as a panel lower end side slip prevention member that prevents the side panel 2 from slipping toward the groove formation planned area R1, and the panel lower end holding member 5 is installed at least prior to the concrete pouring process. This allows the side panel panel 2, which also serves as a dam plate, to be held even more firmly when fresh concrete is filled into the side concrete filling planned area R2, improving the construction quality.

In particular, the panel lower end holding member 5 is positioned and fixed in the bottom concrete filling planned area R3 located below the planned groove formation area R1, and is structured to hold the lower end area 2B of the side panel 2. Such a panel lower end holding member 5 can cooperate with the panel upper end holding portion 44 on the receiving frame unit 4 side to hold both the upper end area 2A and the lower end area 2B of the side panel 2. Therefore, even if a large lateral pressure acts on the side panel 2 when pouring concrete, the side panel 2 can be stably held in the specified position.

Furthermore, the panel upper end holding portion 44 on the receiving frame unit 4 side is structured to hold the upper end region 2A of the side panel 2 fitted into the first fitting groove, and the panel lower end holding member 5 is structured to hold the lower end region 2B of the side panel 2 fitted into the second fitting groove, making the workability when installing the side panel 2 extremely excellent.

In addition, in the trench construction method according to this embodiment, fresh concrete is simultaneously filled into the side concrete filling area R2 and the bottom concrete filling area R3, so that the bottom 105 and side 104 of the trench 100 can be constructed at the same time, which helps to shorten the construction period required for construction.

In addition, in this embodiment, the bottom concrete top height L2 when pouring concrete in the bottom concrete filling planned area R3 is set to a position relatively higher than the lower end surface 2C of the side panel 2 held by the panel lower end side holding member 5. According to this, in the concrete pouring process, fresh concrete can be filled in the bottom concrete filling planned area R3 so that the lower end surface 2C of the side panel 2 held by the panel lower end side holding member 5 is buried in the fresh concrete. In this way, when fresh concrete is poured sequentially from the bottom concrete filling planned area R3 to the side concrete filling planned area R2, the lower end surface 2C of the side panel 2 is at least buried in the fresh concrete filled in the bottom concrete filling planned area R3, so that the fresh concrete filled in the side concrete filling planned area R2 can be prevented from leaking to the bottom concrete filling planned area R3 side. Therefore, after the concrete leaked from the side concrete filling planned area R2 to the bottom concrete filling planned area R3 side hardens, it is possible to prevent the formation of an excess shape portion compared to the intended inside corner shape in the groove 100. This prevents the need to scrape off the excess shaping (chip-off work) and the associated repair work, reducing the labor, time, and cost required to construct the channel 100.

Furthermore, the bottom concrete top height L2 may be set at a position relatively higher than the upper end of the panel lower end holding member 5 (more specifically, the upper end of the panel receiving portion 53) that is positioned and fixed in the bottom concrete filling area R3. This allows the entire panel lower end holding member 5 that holds the lower end region 2B of the side panel 2 to be buried in the concrete during the concrete pouring process. This prevents a portion of the panel receiving portion 53 from being left exposed in the groove 100 after the groove 100 is constructed. This prevents the construction of the groove 100, the work of scraping off a portion of the panel receiving portion 53 exposed in the groove 100 (chip-off work), and the associated repair work from occurring, thereby reducing the labor, time, and cost required to construct the groove 100.

<Modification>
Here, a modified example of the above embodiment will be described. In the above embodiment, an example in which the fixing member 3 is fixed to the concrete base 200A has been described, but instead of this configuration, the fixing member 3 may be welded to a steel member such as a reinforcing bar arranged on the concrete base 200A or a steel frame arranged in the side concrete filling planned area R2, or may be connected to the reinforcing bar or steel frame via a connecting metal fitting. Similarly, the panel lower end side holding member 5 may be installed by welding the shaft portion 54 of the panel lower end side holding member 5 to a steel member such as a reinforcing bar arranged on the concrete base 200A or a steel frame arranged in the side concrete filling planned area R2, or by fixing the shaft portion 54 via a connecting metal fitting. Examples of such connecting fittings include "Sepa Grip" sold by Okabe Co., Ltd., "SK Univa" and "Domaster" sold by Kyoei Seisakusho Co., Ltd., "Tetsukabuto (with nut)" sold by Nippon Temporary Construction Co., Ltd., "KS Guts" sold by Kunimoto Shokai Co., Ltd., "Sepajime" sold by Inui Sangyo Co., Ltd., and "Wire Clip KM Clip" sold by Kondotec Co., Ltd.

In addition, when the base 200 supporting the concrete that constructs the channel 100 is not a concrete base 200A but a steel base such as a deck plate, the fixing members 3 such as cut bolts and reinforcing bars may be fixed to the steel base by welding. Also, the panel lower end holding member 5 may be fixed to the deck plate base via a hanging bracket for the deck plate. Similarly, when the base 200 is a steel base such as a deck plate, the shaft 54 of the panel lower end holding member 5 may be fixed to the steel base by welding, or the shaft 54 of the panel lower end holding member 5 may be fixed to the deck plate base via a hanging bracket for the deck plate.

The order of each step in the above-mentioned channel construction method can be changed as much as possible, some steps can be omitted, and other steps can be added. For example, the channel construction method according to this embodiment may perform a slip-stop member installation step prior to the frame installation step. After the frame installation step, the upper end region 2A of each side panel 2 may be fitted into the first fitting groove 43 in the frame unit 4, and then the panel lower end holding member 5 may be installed on the concrete base 200A, and the lower end region 2B of each side panel 2 may be fitted into the second fitting groove 52 of the panel lower end holding member 5.

In addition, prior to the concrete pouring process, a width stopper may be installed between the opposing frame bodies 41 as necessary to connect the opposing frame bodies 41 to each other. FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating the width stopper 8. The width stopper 8 is, for example, a rectangular steel plate having a length that can be installed between the opposing frame bodies 41A and 41B, and is installed across the opposing frame bodies 41A and 41B. In addition, one end 8A of the width stopper 8 is welded to the frame body 41A, and the other end 8B is welded to the frame body 41B, thereby connecting the opposing frame bodies 41A and 41B to each other via the width stopper 8. The shape of the width stopper 8 is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a metal angle bar, or a shaped steel or reinforcing bar having an appropriate shape. In addition, the ends 8A, 8B of the width stopper 8 are welded to the frame bodies 41A, 41B at locations that are not limited to specific locations, but the ends 8A, 8B may be welded to the mounting surface 411A or the rising portion 413 of the lid mounting plate portion 411 of the frame bodies 41A, 41B. By additionally applying such width stopper 8, it is possible to more effectively prevent the frame bodies 41A, 41B from shifting from their specified positions due to concrete pressure, vibration, impact, etc., during concrete pouring. Of course, the width stopper 8 can also be applied to the second embodiment described below.

16 to 25 are diagrams illustrating a channel construction unit 1 according to a modified example of embodiment 1. FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of a planar arrangement of a channel construction unit 1 according to a modified example of embodiment 1. FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating the channel construction unit 1 as viewed from the F-F arrow direction in FIG. 16. In this modified example, the same reference numerals are used to designate components common to the channel construction unit 1 described above, and detailed descriptions thereof will be omitted. Also, in the description of this modified example, illustrations of architectural structural reinforcing bars arranged on the base 200 will be omitted.

As in FIG. 3, the symbol P in FIG. 16 indicates the connection points where multiple frame bodies 41 (frame units 4) are interconnected. In the example shown in FIG. 16, a pair of U-shaped frame units 4 (frame bodies 41) are connected in an annular shape via a connecting member 9. Of course, the number, shape, size, etc. of the frame bodies 41 (frame units 4) included in the groove construction unit 1 are not particularly limited.

As shown in FIG. 17, in this modified example, the upper end region 2A of the side panel 2 is held by fitting the upper end region 2A into the panel upper end holding portion 44 (first fitting groove 43) of each receiving frame unit 4. The groove path construction unit 1 in this modified example has a lower end panel holding member 10 instead of the lower end panel holding member 5 described above, and the lower end region 2B of the side panel 2 is held by the lower end panel holding member 10.

Figure 18 is a cross-sectional view of the frame unit 4 at position G-G shown in Figure 16. The frame unit 4 in this modified example has a slightly different shape from the embodiment described in Figure 3, but has the same basic structure, and is composed of a long frame body 41 for holding the lid body 106, a fixing portion 42 that is integral with the frame body 41 and is joined to the fixing member 3 to fix the frame body 41 in a specified position, and a panel upper end holding portion 44 that can hold the upper end region 2A of the side panel 2. The frame body 41 and the fixing portion 42 may be formed, for example, by sheet metal processing of a stainless steel plate or the like.

Figure 19 is a diagram showing the fixing portion 42 in the frame unit 4 according to a modified example of embodiment 1. In Figure 19, (a) is a side view of the fixing portion 42, and (b) is a plan view (arrow H) of the fixing portion 42. Note that the fixing portion 42 shown in Figure 19 shows the state before it is joined to the frame main body 41.

19, the fixing portion 42 in the receiving frame unit 4 includes a base portion 420, a fixed piece 421 connected to one side of the base portion 420, and a second clamping piece 422 connected to the other side of the base portion 420. The base portion 420 has a pair of joint pieces 420A, 420A that protrude in the left and right width direction compared to the fixed piece 421 and the second clamping piece 422 connected to the base portion 420. The base portion 420 is joined to the lid body mounting plate portion 411 in a state where it is placed against the lower surface 411D of the lid body mounting plate portion 411 of the receiving frame main body 41. For example, the base portion 420 may be joined to the lid body mounting plate portion 411 by spot welding the pair of joint pieces 420A, 420A to the lid body mounting plate portion 411 of the receiving frame main body 41. In this modified example, the joint pieces 420A, 420A on the base portion 420 protrude in the left and right width directions, so the electrode portion of the spot welding machine can be easily prevented from coming into contact with the receiving frame body 41 or other parts of the fixing portion 42, providing excellent workability.

The fixing piece 421 has a generally L-shape in side view, and is provided with a joining hole 423 for joining the fixing part 42 to the fixing member 3. The second clamping piece 422 in the fixing part 42 has a generally V-shape in side view.

In the receiving frame unit 4 according to this modified example configured as described above, the first clamping piece 412 in the lid body mounting plate portion 411 of the receiving frame main body 41 and the second clamping piece 422 in the fixing portion 42 are disposed opposite to each other with a gap therebetween, and a first fitting groove 43 is formed between them.
The fitting groove 43 is formed as a narrow groove that extends in one direction and opens downward, and extends parallel to the longitudinal direction of the receiving frame main body 41. In this modified example, the panel upper end holding portion 44 of the receiving frame unit 4 is arranged such that the lower end of the first clamping piece 412 is located higher than the lower end of the second clamping piece 422, so that the upper end region 2A of the side panel 2 can be easily fitted into the first fitting groove 43 for installation.

Next, the connecting member 9 that connects adjacent receiving frame units 4 (receiving frame main body 41) will be described. Figure 20 is a view of the connecting portion in which the end regions of the receiving frame main body 41 are connected to each other via the connecting member 9 according to a modification of embodiment 1, viewed from above. Figure 21 is a view (arrow I) of the connecting portion of the receiving frame main body 41 according to a modification of embodiment 1 viewed from the front, and Figure 22 is a view (arrow J) of the connecting portion of the receiving frame main body 41 according to a modification of embodiment 1 viewed from the side. In this modification, the above-mentioned joint piece 45 is not provided in the end region of the receiving frame main body 41.

The connecting member 9 includes brackets 91 joined to each end region of the frame body 41, joint pieces 92 for connecting the brackets 91 provided at the ends of the frame body 41 that are connected to each other, screws 93, etc.

23 is a diagram illustrating a bracket 91 before being connected by a joint piece 92 according to a modified example of the first embodiment. The bracket 91 is provided at each end region of the receiving frame body 41, and in the example shown in FIG. 23, is made of a flat steel plate having a rectangular shape. As shown in FIG. 23, the bracket 91 is joined by welding or the like in the end region of the receiving frame body 41 with its upper surface aligned with the lower surface 411D of the lid body mounting plate portion 411. The bracket 91 also protrudes from the lid body mounting plate portion 411 toward the back side of the receiving frame body 41, and is configured so that the joint piece 92 is placed on the protruding region 911. Also, the reference numeral 911A shown in FIG. 23 is a fixing hole provided through the protruding region 911. In this modified example, a thread groove into which the screw 93 can be screwed is formed on the inner wall surface of the fixing hole 911A.

The joint piece 92 has a shape and size that allows it to be placed across the overhanging regions 911 of a pair of brackets 91 that are arranged in the end regions of a pair of frame bodies 41 to be connected, and in the example shown in FIG. 23, it is made of a rectangular flat steel plate. A pair of screw insertion holes 92A are formed in the joint piece 92. For example, the screw insertion holes 92A have a diameter larger than the shaft portion of the screw 93, and the shaft portion of the screw 93 can be loosely fitted into the screw insertion holes 92A. In addition, when the joint piece 92 is placed across the upper surfaces of the overhanging regions 911 of the pair of brackets 91, the pair of screw insertion holes 92A are arranged so that the planar positions of the pair of screw insertion holes 92A coincide with the fixing holes 911A in each overhanging region 911.

When connecting (joining) the frame bodies 41 together using the connecting member 9 configured as described above, the brackets 91 of the pair of frame bodies 41 to be connected to each other are butted together as shown in FIG. 23, and in this state, the joint piece 92 is placed so as to straddle the upper surfaces of the protruding regions 911 of the pair of brackets 91. Then, with the screws 93 inserted into the screw insertion holes 92A of the joint piece 92, the screws 93 are screwed into the fixing holes 911A of the pair of brackets 91 and fixed. In this way, the frame bodies 41 can be connected to each other using the connecting member 9.

Next, the panel lower end holding member 10 will be described. Fig. 24 is a diagram for explaining a general-use panel lower end holding member 10A according to a modified example of the first embodiment. Fig. 25 is a diagram for explaining an end panel lower end holding member 10B according to a modified example of the first embodiment. (a) is a plan view, (b) is a side view, and (c) is an end view. The general-use panel lower end holding member 10A and the end panel lower end holding member 10B can be formed, for example, by sheet metal processing of a steel plate or the like.

First, the general-use panel lower end holding member 10A and the end-use panel lower end holding member 10B have a rectangular planar shape and include a pair of base portions 11 extending along the longitudinal direction, and a raised portion 12 disposed between the pair of base portions 11 and extending along the longitudinal direction. The base portion 11 is a rectangular, flat plate. The raised portion 12 has a pair of rising portions 121 rising from each base portion 11, and a top wall portion 122 connecting the upper ends of the rising portions 121.

The general-use panel lower end holding member 10A has first fixing holes 13 formed on both ends of the raised portion 12. Each first fixing hole 13 has a size that allows the fixing member 3 to be inserted therethrough. In addition, as shown in FIG. 24, a holding groove 14 is formed on the inside of each pair of first fixing holes 13 in the raised portion 12. The holding groove 14 is a groove for holding the lower end region 2B of the side panel 2, and is formed by cutting out a part of the raised portion 12 and extends along the width direction of the general-use panel lower end holding member 10A (raised portion 12). The width of the holding groove 14 is formed to be equal to or slightly larger than the thickness of the lower end region 2B of the side panel 2, and is configured to hold the lower end region 2B without rattling. Also, the reference numeral 15 shown in FIG. 24 denotes second fixing holes formed at intervals in the longitudinal direction of each base portion 11. The second fixing holes 15 are formed so as to penetrate each base portion 11 in the thickness direction. The general-purpose panel lower end side holding member 10A configured as described above can be fixed to the mounting object by selectively using the first fixing holes 13 and the second fixing holes 15 or by using them together.

On the other hand, the end panel lower end holding member 10B has a single first fixing hole 13 formed at one end side of the raised portion 12 and a single holding groove 14 at the other end side of the raised portion 12. In the end panel lower end holding member 10B, the holding groove 14 also extends along the width direction of the end panel lower end holding member 10B (raised portion 12). In each base portion 11 of the end panel lower end holding member 10B, multiple second fixing holes 15 are also formed at intervals in the longitudinal direction of the base portion 11. The end panel lower end holding member 10B configured as described above can be fixed to the attachment object by selectively using the first fixing hole 13 and the second fixing hole 15 or by using them together.

The groove construction unit 1 according to the modified example of embodiment 1 configured as described above holds the upper end region 2A of each side panel 2 by the panel upper end holding portion 44 in the receiving frame unit 4, and holds the lower end region 2B of each side panel 2 by the holding groove 14 in the panel lower end holding member 10 (general panel lower end holding member 10A, end panel lower end holding member 10B), thereby fixing each side panel 2 in a specified position.

As shown in FIG. 26, the construction method (construction method) of the channel 100 using the channel construction unit 1 according to this modified example is to join the panel lower end retaining member 10 and the frame unit 4 to the fixing member 3 (cut bolt) fixed to the base 200 using nuts 6A and 6. The method of joining the frame unit 4 to the fixing member 3 (cut bolt) is as described above. The panel lower end retaining member 10 is installed in the bottom area R3 to be filled with concrete.

In Fig. 26, a pair of fixing members 3 (cut bolts) fixed to a base 200 are inserted into first fixing holes 13 (see Fig. 24) formed at both ends of a general-use panel lower-end holding member 10A, and the raised portion 12 of the general-use panel lower-end holding member 10A is clamped between upper and lower nuts 6A to fix the general-use panel lower-end holding member 10A. This allows the general-use panel lower-end holding member 10A to be fixed in a state in which it is suspended between the pair of fixing members 3. At this time, by adjusting the height of the upper and lower nuts 6A that fix the general-use panel lower-end holding member 10A to the fixing members 3, the general-use panel lower-end holding member 10A can be easily fixed in a horizontal position at a specified height. As is clear from the above explanation, the general-purpose panel lower end retaining member 10A is used to retain the lower end regions 2B of a pair of side panel panels 2 that are arranged opposite each other to form a pair of side surfaces formed opposite each other in the longitudinal direction of the groove 100, and the lower end regions 2B can be fitted and retained in each of the retaining grooves 14 formed on both ends of the raised portion 12.

On the other hand, the end panel lower end side holding member 10B described in FIG. 25 is used to hold the lower end side region 2B of the side panel 2 for forming the end face of the groove 100, and the lower end side region 2B can be fitted and held in a single holding groove 14. In FIG. 26, the general-purpose panel lower end side holding member 10A is shown to be horizontally laid between a pair of fixing members 3, but as shown in FIG. 16, the end panel lower end side holding member 10B can also be fixed to the fixing member 3 (cut bolt) using a nut 6A. The end panel lower end side holding member 10B is also fixed in a horizontal position, like the general-purpose panel lower end side holding member 10A, and its installation height is adjusted to a specified height. In addition, the panel lower end side holding member 10 (general-purpose panel lower end side holding member 10A, end panel lower end side holding member 10B) can be installed so that the extension direction of the holding groove 14 matches the desired direction.

The frame bodies 41 of each frame unit 4 fixed to the fixing members 3 fixed to the base 200 are connected to each other using the connecting members 9 described in Figures 20 to 23. In this modified example, the panel lower end holding members 10 (general panel lower end holding members 10A, end panel lower end holding members 10B) that are installed in the bottom concrete filling area R3 and hold the lower end area 2B of the side panel 2 correspond to the panel lower end anti-slip members that prevent the lower end area 2B of the side panel 2 from shifting toward the groove formation area R1.

As described above, when the anti-slip member installation process and the frame installation process are completed, all frame units 4 are installed in the specified positions as shown in FIG. 16, and adjacent frame bodies 41 in the longitudinal direction are connected (joined) to each other. At this time, each frame unit 4 is installed so that the panel upper end retaining portion 44 (first fitting groove 43) is positioned on the side of the planned groove formation area R1. In addition, the extension direction of each frame body 41, first fitting groove 43, and retaining groove 14 is oriented so that it is parallel to the boundary direction between the planned groove formation area R1 and the side concrete filling area R2.

Then, in the panel installation process, the upper end region 2A of each side panel 2 is fitted (inserted) into the first fitting groove 43 of the panel upper end holding portion 44, and the lower end region 2B is fitted (inserted) into the holding groove 14 of the panel lower end holding member 10 (general panel lower end holding member 10A, end panel lower end holding member 10B), thereby fixing the top and bottom of each side panel 2 (see FIG. 17). In this modification, the panel upper end holding portion 44 is also arranged so that the upper end region 2A of each side panel 2 can be held at least at one or more points, and the panel lower end holding member 10 (general panel lower end holding member 10A, end panel lower end holding member 10B) is arranged so that the lower end region 2B of each side panel 2 can be held at least at one or more points. This allows each side panel 2 to be firmly fixed to a specified position. Each side panel 2 is fixed and held by the panel upper end holding part 44 and the panel lower end holding member 5 with the dam plate surface 22 facing the side concrete filling planned area R2 and the channel side forming surface 21 facing the channel formation planned area R1. Thereafter, as in the above-mentioned embodiment, the channel 100 can be constructed by filling the side concrete filling planned area R2 and the bottom concrete filling planned area R3 with fresh concrete in the concrete pouring process. The concrete pouring into the side concrete filling planned area R2 and the bottom concrete filling planned area R3 may or may not involve simultaneous filling (simultaneous pouring) of fresh concrete.

In addition, the panel lower end side holding member 10 (general panel lower end side holding member 10A, end panel lower end side holding member 10B) in this modified example may be installed at a specified position using the second fixing hole 15. For example, the panel lower end side holding member 10 (general panel lower end side holding member 10A, end panel lower end side holding member 10B) may be fixed by inserting an appropriate bolt or the like driven into the base 200 into the second fixing hole 15 and fastening it using a nut or the like. In this case, the panel lower end side holding member 10 may be fixed by selectively using the first fixing hole 13 and the second fixing hole 15 in the panel lower end side holding member 10 or by using them in combination. In addition, for example, when the base 200 is a steel plate base such as a deck plate, the panel lower end side holding member 10 may be fixed to a bolt or the like fixed to the steel plate base by welding by selectively using the first fixing hole 13 or the second fixing hole 15 or by using them in combination. The panel lower end holding member 10 may also be fixed to the steel plate substrate using an adhesive such as glue or mortar. Here, the panel lower end holding member 10 has a second fixing hole 15 in the base portion 11, so that the adhesive such as glue or mortar can be hardened in a state where it is inserted into the second fixing hole 15 (a state where the adhesive is raised from the lower surface side to the upper surface side of the base portion 11 through the second fixing hole 15), thereby firmly fixing the base portion 11 to the steel plate substrate.

<Embodiment 2>
<<Ditch Construction Unit and Ditch>>
Next, a description will be given of embodiment 2. Fig. 27 is a diagram illustrating a groove construction unit 1A according to embodiment 2. Fig. 28 is a diagram illustrating a groove 100A constructed by the groove construction unit 1A according to embodiment 2. In the description of the groove construction unit 1A according to this embodiment, differences from the groove construction unit 1 according to embodiment 1 will be mainly described, and detailed descriptions of configurations common to the groove construction unit 1 will be omitted by assigning the same reference numerals.

The reference numeral 107 in FIG. 28 denotes a concrete floor slab. A part of the concrete floor slab 107 forms the bottom 105 of the channel 100A. The side 104 of the channel 100A is layered on top of the concrete floor slab 107.

Next, the trench construction unit 1A according to the second embodiment will be described. The trench construction unit 1A according to the second embodiment is a unit for constructing the trench 100A without using formwork supports, and is characterized in that the side portion 104 of the trench 100A is stacked above a pre-constructed concrete slab 107. The reference numeral 107A in FIG. 27 indicates the upper surface of the concrete slab 107.

As shown in FIG. 27, the channel construction unit 1A according to the second embodiment includes one or more side panel panels 2, one or more fixing members 3 positioned and fixed in the side concrete filling planned area R2, one or more frame units 4, and one or more panel bottom end anti-slip members 7. The side panel 2, fixing members 3, and frame units 4 are configured similarly to those in the first embodiment. The panel bottom end anti-slip members 7 are members that prevent the bottom end region 2B of the side panel 2 installed at a specified position from shifting toward the channel formation planned area R1, and are formed here from thick end material.

<<How to build a channel>>
A trench construction method for constructing the trench 100A using the trench construction unit 1A according to the second embodiment will be described below.

The channel construction method according to the second embodiment includes a slab construction process in which a concrete slab 107 is constructed in advance at the construction site prior to the anchor member installation process described in the first embodiment. That is, as shown in FIG. 27, a concrete slab 107 is constructed, a portion of which forms the bottom 105 of the channel 100A. The concrete slab 107 may be made of reinforced concrete, for example, but is not limited to this.

After the deck construction process is completed, a predetermined number of fixing members 3 are prepared in the fixing member installation process, and the prepared fixing members 3 are positioned and fixed in the side concrete filling area R2 where concrete to form the side 104 of the groove 100A will be filled. Note that when the fixing member installation process is performed, the concrete of the concrete deck 107 has already hardened. As described above, after the positioning and fixing of the fixing members 3 using the concrete deck 107 as a base is completed, a predetermined number of frame units 4 are prepared in the frame installation process. Then, the fixing parts 42 of the frame units 4 are joined to the fixing members 3 positioned and fixed in the side concrete filling area R2, and the frame main body 41 of the frame unit 4 is installed in the specified position.

Figure 29 is a diagram showing the state in which the anchoring member installation process and the frame installation process according to the second embodiment are completed. In this embodiment, the anchoring member 3 is erected on the existing concrete floor slab 107 located below the side concrete filling planned area R2 as a base. The anchoring member 3 for the concrete floor slab 107 is installed, for example, via a post-installed anchor, as in the first embodiment. Also, in the frame installation process, as in the first embodiment, the anchoring portion 42 in the frame unit 4 is joined to the anchoring member 3, so that the frame body 41 in the frame unit 4 can be installed in a specified position. Also, in the frame installation process of this embodiment, the frame bodies 41 in each frame unit 4 are connected (joined) to each other while installed in a specified position. Also, when the channel 100A is a reinforced concrete structure, architectural structural steel bars are arranged in the side concrete filling planned area R2 defined above the concrete floor slab 107, but the illustration of the reinforcing bars is omitted in Figure 29.

Next, one or more side panels 2 for forming the side surface 101 of the channel 100A are prepared, and the prepared side panels 2 are installed in the panel installation process. FIG. 30 is a diagram for explaining the state of the panel installation process according to the second embodiment. In the panel installation process according to the second embodiment, the upper end region 2A of the side panel 2 is fixed to the panel upper end holding portion 44 by fitting it into the first fitting groove 43 of the panel upper end holding portion 44 in the receiving frame unit 4 so that the lower end surface 2C of the side panel 2 abuts against the upper surface 107A of the concrete floor slab 107. That is, the panel upper end holding portion 44 in the channel construction unit 1A holds the upper end region 2A of the side panel 2 so that the lower end surface 2C of the side panel 2 abuts against the upper surface 107A of the concrete floor slab 107.

When the installation of each side panel 2 is completed in the panel installation process, the next step is to install one or more panel bottom end anti-slip members 7 in the region R4 (hereinafter referred to as the "panel inner region") surrounded by the channel side forming surface 21 of the side panel 2 on the upper surface 107A of the concrete floor slab 107. This panel inner region R4 can be said to be the region of the upper surface 107A of the concrete floor slab 107 that is located below the planned channel formation area R1.

FIG. 31 is a schematic top view of the state where the positional deviation prevention member installation process according to the second embodiment is completed. The panel lower end side slip prevention member 7 is, for example, a square timber. As shown in FIG. 31, for example, by assembling a plurality of panel lower end side slip prevention members 7 and installing them along the groove side forming surface 21 of the side plate panel 2, it is possible to suppress the lower end side region 2B of the side plate panel 2 from being displaced toward the groove formation planned area R1 when fresh concrete is filled into the side concrete filling planned area R2. Note that the schematic side view of the state where the positional deviation prevention member installation process is completed is substantially the same as the state shown in FIG. 27. In addition, the arrangement mode of the panel lower end side slip prevention member 7 (square timber) shown in FIG. 31 is illustrative, and it is of course possible to adopt other arrangement modes. In addition, as long as it is possible to suppress the lower end side region 2B of the side plate panel 2 from being displaced toward the groove formation planned area R1, various configurations can be adopted for the panel lower end side slip prevention member 7.

Once the above-mentioned process of installing the displacement prevention member is completed, fresh concrete is then filled into the side concrete filling area R2 in the concrete pouring process. As a result, a channel 100A as shown in FIG. 28 can be constructed.

In the above-described channel construction unit 1A according to the second embodiment and the channel construction method using the same, the concrete floor slab 107 forming the bottom 105 of the channel 100A is constructed in advance, and then the side 104 of the channel 100A is constructed using the channel construction unit 1A. That is, in this embodiment, the channel 100A is constructed in two stages. In this embodiment, when constructing the side 104 of the channel 100A, since the bottom 105 has already been constructed, there is no need to hold the side panel 2 in a state where it is raised above the base. That is, there is no need to install the panel lower end side holding member 5 described in the first embodiment on the base (e.g., concrete foundation), and the upper end side region 2A of the side panel 2 is held by the panel upper end side holding part 44 of the frame unit 4 joined to the fixing member 3 fixed to the concrete floor slab 107, and the lower end surface 2C of the side panel 2 is butted against the upper surface 107A of the concrete floor slab 107, so that the side panel 2 can be easily installed.

In addition, even when installing the panel bottom end anti-slip member 7, the bottom 105 of the groove 100A has already been constructed, so the panel bottom end anti-slip member 7 can be placed on the panel inner region R4 of the upper surface 107A of the concrete floor slab 107, resulting in excellent workability.

Next, a modified example of the second embodiment will be described. In the groove construction unit 1A described in FIG. 27, the panel lower end anti-slip member 7 is used to prevent the lower end region 2B of the side panel 2 installed in a specified position from shifting toward the groove formation planned area R1. However, instead of the panel lower end anti-slip member 7, the above-mentioned panel lower end holding member 10 (general-use panel lower end holding member 10A, end-use panel lower end holding member 10B) may be used.

Figure 32 is a diagram illustrating a groove construction unit 1A according to a modified example of embodiment 2. In the example shown in Figure 32, the general-use panel lower end side holding member 10A is installed on the upper surface 107A of the concrete floor slab 107. Note that, although Figure 32 shows an example of installation of the general-use panel lower end side holding member 10A, the end panel lower end side holding member 10B can also be installed on the upper surface 107A of the concrete floor slab 107 in the same manner. In this modified example, as in the modified example of embodiment 1, the lower end side region 2B of the side panel panel 2 is fixed and held by fitting the lower end side region 2B into the holding groove 14 provided in the raised portion 12 of the panel lower end side holding member 10 (general-use panel lower end side holding member 10A, end panel lower end side holding member 10B), and the positional deviation of the lower end side region 2B during subsequent concrete pouring can be suppressed. Then, when fresh concrete is filled into the side concrete filling area R2 during the concrete pouring process, the side 104 of the channel 100A is stacked on top of the concrete slab 107, thereby constructing the channel 100A.

Here, as in the second embodiment, when the side portion 104 is constructed after the concrete floor slab 107 forming the bottom portion 105 of the groove 100A is constructed in advance, the panel lower end side holding member 10 (general panel lower end side holding member 10A, end panel lower end side holding member 10B) as shown in FIG. 33 may be adopted and the panel lower end side holding member 10 may be fixed to the upper surface 107A of the concrete floor slab 107 using the second fixing hole 15. FIG. 33 is a diagram showing a modified example of the panel lower end side holding member 10 (general panel lower end side holding member 10A, end panel lower end side holding member 10B). The general panel lower end side holding member 10A shown in FIG. 33(a) is shortened by cutting off both ends in the longitudinal direction of the general panel lower end side holding member 10A described in FIG. 24, and the first fixing hole 13 is not provided. In addition, the end panel lower end holding member 10B shown in (b) of Figure 33 has been shortened by cutting off one end side in the longitudinal direction of the end panel lower end holding member 10B described in Figure 25, and does not have a first fixing hole 13.

Figure 34 is a diagram for explaining an example of installation of the panel lower end side holding member 10 (general panel lower end side holding member 10A) shown in Figure 33. The general panel lower end side holding member 10A shown in Figure 34 does not have the first fixing holes 13 on both ends and is shortened, so that the end of the general panel lower end side holding member 10A can be installed without using the fixing member 3 without interfering with the fixing member 3 erected on the concrete floor slab 107. For example, the symbol BD shown in Figure 34 is an adhesive such as bond or mortar provided on the upper surface 107A of the concrete floor slab 107. After the general panel lower end side holding member 10A has been aligned and leveled, the base part 11 can be fixed to the upper surface 107A of the concrete floor slab 107 by the adhesive BD. In this case, since the base portion 11 of the general-use panel lower end holding member 10A has a second fixing hole 15, the adhesive BD can be hardened in a state where it is inserted into the second fixing hole 15 (the adhesive BD rises from the lower surface side to the upper surface side of the base portion 11 through the second fixing hole 15), thereby firmly fixing the base portion 11 to the concrete floor slab 107. Of course, in FIG. 34, the installation of the general-use panel lower end holding member 10A is explained as an example, but the end panel lower end holding member 10B shown in FIG. 33 can be fixed to the concrete floor slab 107 using the adhesive BD.

In the modified example described in Figures 32 to 34, after concrete is poured into the side concrete filling area R2, the panel lower end retaining member 10 is exposed to the outside at the bottom 105 of the groove 100. Therefore, a leveling material or mortar may be poured into the bottom 105 of the groove 100 to bury the panel lower end retaining member 10.

In the above-mentioned embodiments and modifications, the fixing portion 42 is integrally joined to the frame body 41 of the frame unit 4 by welding or the like, but the fixing portion 42 may of course be joined to the frame body 41 via bolts or the like. Figure 35 is a diagram illustrating a modification of the frame unit 4. The frame unit 4 shown in Figure 35 is constructed by attaching an angle bar 414 and the fixing portion 42 to a long frame body 41 having a roughly L-shaped cross section.

The frame body 41 is configured to include a lid body mounting plate portion 411 having a mounting surface 411A on the upper surface side, and a rising portion 413 that stands upward from the outer edge 411C of the lid body mounting plate portion 411. The angle bar 414 has an L-shaped cross section and includes a support plate portion 415 that is joined to the lower surface 411D of the lid body mounting plate portion 411 by welding or the like, and a first clamping piece 412 that extends downward from the support plate portion 415. As shown in FIG. 35, the first clamping piece 412 of the angle bar 414 is positioned at the inner edge 411B of the lid body mounting plate portion 411 and hangs downward from the inner edge 411B.

Further, a cut bolt 424 is directly attached to the lower surface 411D of the receiving frame main body 41 by welding or the like.
1B and the outer edge 411C. A fixing portion 42 having an L-shaped cross section and including a fixing piece 421 and a second clamping piece 422 connected to the fixing piece 421 is fastened to the fixing portion 422 by a pair of washers 425 and a nut 426.

The fixing piece 421 of the fixing part 42 has an insertion hole 427 through which the cut bolt 424 is inserted, and the fixing part 42 is fixed to the receiving frame body 41 by inserting the cut bolt 424 into the insertion hole 427 and screwing a nut 426 onto the cut bolt 424 while the fixing piece 421 is sandwiched between a pair of washers 425. At that time, the fixing part 42 is fixed to the receiving frame body 41 so that the second clamping piece 422 faces the first clamping piece 412 at a distance. The insertion hole 427 formed in the fixing piece 421 of the fixing part 42 may be formed as an elongated hole having a long axis in the front-rear direction of the fixing piece 421, for example. This allows the mounting position of the fixing part 42 relative to the receiving frame body 41 to be adjusted along the front-rear direction of the receiving frame body 41. However, the insertion hole 427 is not limited to the above-mentioned form and may be a circular hole. The fixing piece 421 of the fixing portion 42 has a joining hole 423 through which the fixing member 3 described above can be inserted, and the fixing portion 42 can be joined to the fixing member 3 using the joining hole 423. The receiving frame unit 4 described in FIG. 35 can be applied to any of the embodiments and modified examples described above.

The above describes embodiments of the trench construction unit and trench construction method using the same according to the present disclosure, but each aspect disclosed herein can be combined with any other feature disclosed herein.

1: Channel construction unit 2: Side panel 3: Fixing member 4: Frame unit 5: Panel lower end side holding member 41: Frame main body 42: Fixing portion 43: First fitting groove 44: Panel upper end side holding portion 51: Base portion 52: Second fitting groove 53: Panel receiving portion 54: Shaft portion 55: Connecting rod member 100: Channel

Claims (13)

A method for constructing a trench without using formwork supports, comprising:
preparing one or more side panels for forming the side of the channel, the side panels having a channel side forming surface formed on one side and a dam surface formed on the other side;
An anchoring member installation process for positioning and fixing one or more anchoring members in a side concrete filling area to be filled with fresh concrete to form a side of the channel;
a receiving frame installation process for preparing one or more receiving frame units each having a long receiving frame body for holding a cover that covers an upper opening of a groove channel, a fixing portion provided on the receiving frame body and joined to the fixing member for fixing the receiving frame body at a specified position, and a panel upper end holding portion capable of holding an upper end region of the side panel, and joining the fixing portion in the receiving frame unit to the fixing member to install the receiving frame body at a specified position;
a panel installation process in which an upper end region of the side panel panel is held by the panel upper end holding portion in a state in which the dam plate surface is directed toward the side concrete filling area;
A concrete pouring process of filling fresh concrete into the side concrete filling area;
Including,
The receiving frame main body has a lid body mounting plate portion having a mounting surface on an upper surface side on which an outer edge region of the lid body is placed, and a first clamping piece suspended downward from an inner end edge of the lid body mounting plate portion,
the fixing portion has a fixing piece that can be joined to the fixing member, and a second clamping piece that is disposed opposite the first clamping piece so that a first fitting groove is formed between the first clamping piece and a second clamping piece,
the panel upper end side holding portion is configured to include the first clamping piece and the second clamping piece and is capable of gripping an upper end side region of the side panel fitted into the first fitting groove,
In the panel installation step, an upper end region of the side panel is fitted into the first fitting groove.
How to build a trench. The method further includes a step of installing a panel lower end side anti-slip member that prevents the lower end region of the side panel from shifting toward the groove formation area at least prior to the concrete pouring step.
2. A method for constructing a trench according to claim 1 . The panel lower end side slip prevention member is a panel lower end side holding member that is located below the groove formation planned area and is positioned and fixed to the bottom concrete filling planned area where fresh concrete for forming the bottom of the groove will be filled, and is capable of holding the lower end side region of the side panel.
3. A method for constructing a trench according to claim 2 . The panel lower end side anti-slip member has a panel receiving portion having a second fitting groove into which the lower end side region of the side plate panel can be fitted.
4. A method for constructing a trench according to claim 3 . In the concrete pouring step, fresh concrete is simultaneously filled into the side concrete filling area and the bottom concrete filling area.
5. A method for constructing a trench according to claim 3 or 4 . In the concrete pouring step, fresh concrete is poured into the bottom concrete filling area so that the lower end surface of the side panel panel held by the panel lower end side holding member is embedded in the fresh concrete.
6. A method for constructing a trench according to claim 5 . The method further includes a floor slab construction step of pre-constructing a concrete floor slab, a portion of which forms a bottom of the channel, prior to the anchoring member installation step;
In the panel installation step, an upper end region of the side panel is fixed to the panel upper end holding portion so that a lower end surface of the side panel abuts against an upper surface of the concrete floor slab;
In the step of installing the anti- slip member, the panel lower end anti-slip member is installed in an area of the upper surface of the concrete floor slab that is surrounded by the channel side surface of the side plate panel.
3. A method for constructing a trench according to claim 2 . A trench construction unit for constructing a trench without using formwork supports,
one or more side panel panels for forming a side surface of the channel, the side panel panels having a channel side surface forming surface formed on one surface and a dam surface formed on the other surface;
One or more anchoring members are positioned and fixed in a side concrete filling area where fresh concrete for forming a side of the channel is to be filled;
one or more frame units each having a long frame body for holding a lid body that covers an upper opening of a groove channel, a fixing portion provided on the frame body and joined to the fixing member for fixing the frame body in a specified position, and a panel upper end holding portion capable of holding an upper end region of the side panel;
Equipped with
The receiving frame main body has a lid body mounting plate portion having a mounting surface on an upper surface side on which an outer edge side region of the lid body is placed, and a first clamping piece suspended downward from an inner end edge of the lid body mounting plate portion,
the fixing portion has a fixing piece that can be joined to the fixing member, and a second clamping piece that is disposed opposite the first clamping piece so that a first fitting groove is formed between the first clamping piece and a second clamping piece,
The panel upper end side holding portion is configured to include the first clamping piece and the second clamping piece and is capable of gripping an upper end side region of the side panel fitted into the first fitting groove.
Ditch construction unit. Further provided is a panel lower end side anti-slip member for preventing the lower end region of the side panel from shifting toward the groove formation area,
A channel construction unit according to claim 8 . The panel lower end side slip prevention member is a panel lower end side holding member that is located below the groove formation planned area and is positioned and fixed to the bottom concrete filling planned area where fresh concrete for forming the bottom of the groove will be filled, and is capable of holding the lower end side region of the side panel.
A channel construction unit according to claim 9 . The panel lower end side holding member has a panel receiving portion having a second fitting groove into which the lower end side region of the side plate panel can be fitted.
A channel construction unit according to claim 10 . The concrete top setting height in the bottom concrete filling area is set to a position relatively higher than the lower end surface of the side panel panel held by the panel lower end side holding member.
A channel construction unit according to claim 10 or 11 . The channel construction unit is a unit for constructing the side of a channel above a pre-constructed concrete slab, a part of which forms the bottom of the channel,
The panel upper end holding portion holds the upper end region of the side panel so that the lower end surface of the side panel is in contact with the upper surface of the concrete floor slab,
The panel lower end side anti-slip member is installed in an area of the upper surface of the concrete floor slab surrounded by the groove side surface of the side plate panel,
A channel construction unit according to claim 9 .

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