JP7613143B2 - Power supply system and program - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a power supply system and program that supplies power to a complex facility that includes multiple power supply destinations.

In recent years, power supply systems equipped with distributed power sources such as storage batteries and solar cells and connected to the power grid have become widespread. Among these, a power supply system that supplies power to a complex facility including multiple power supply destinations (hereinafter also referred to as occupants) and that realizes a reduction in electricity charges when receiving power collectively is known (e.g., Patent Document 1). It is also known that in such a system, the electricity charges to be charged to each occupant and the rebate fee to be paid to the owner of the complex facility are calculated (e.g., Patent Document 2).

With this type of power supply system, electricity fees charged to each resident can be set at low rates, and a rebate can be passed on to the owner of the complex, making it possible for both the resident and the owner of the complex to enjoy the benefits of self-generation (or power supply) using distributed power sources.

JP 2017-17779 A JP 2020-198696 A

In a complex like the one described above, it is conceivable that individual residents may install storage batteries for use in their own private areas. In this case, although the total capacity of the storage batteries installed in the complex will increase, the storage batteries installed by the individual residents will be used solely by the individual residents and cannot be used in conjunction with the power supply system of the complex, which receives power in bulk.

However, if the capacity of individual batteries can be used in conjunction with the power supply system of a complex, it will mean that the bulk power receiving business (i.e. the owner of the complex) will have an increased battery capacity in the system, and by making effective use of this, it will be possible to control the power supply more efficiently.

On the other hand, for residents who have installed their own storage batteries, if they can use their own storage batteries (and their capacity) for their own purposes and sell any excess power capacity to the system, they can make full use of the storage battery capacity without waste.

The present invention was made in consideration of the above-mentioned circumstances, and provides technology that enables storage batteries installed in private areas by residents to be linked to the power supply system and effectively utilized in a power supply system that supplies power to a complex facility including multiple power supply destinations.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention employs the following configuration: That is, a power supply system for a complex facility including a plurality of power supply destinations,
A distributed power source capable of supplying power to the plurality of power supply destinations;
One or more first storage batteries individually provided in at least one of the power supply destinations;
a power distribution device connected to a power grid, the distributed power sources, and each of the plurality of power supply destinations so as to be able to transmit and receive power;
a first power value acquiring means for acquiring a value of power exchanged between the power distribution device and the power grid;
a second power value acquiring unit that acquires a value of power exchanged between the power distribution device and each of the plurality of power supply destinations;
a third power value acquisition means for acquiring a value of power exchanged between the power distribution device and the distributed power sources;
a power control means for controlling the exchange of power between the power distribution device and each of the power supply destinations, the exchange of power with the power grid, the exchange of power with the distributed power sources, and the power related to the generation and/or charging/discharging of the distributed power sources;
a fee management means for calculating an electricity fee to be charged to each of the plurality of power supply destinations and a rebate fee for the power supply destination that includes the first storage battery, based on the power values acquired by the power value acquisition means;
The power supply system is characterized by comprising:

Here, "electricity supply destination" includes so-called private areas of a complex, as well as common areas of the facility. Examples of "distributed power sources" include power generation equipment using renewable energy such as solar power generation and wind power generation, fuel cells, and storage batteries. "Acquiring electric power values" also includes calculating electric power values based on specified data, in addition to directly measuring electric power using a power meter. For example, calculating electric power values at a specified location based on measurement values obtained from a power meter installed at another location in the system also falls under the term "acquiring electric power values."

This means that even if an individual resident installs a storage battery in their private area, the battery installed in the private area can supply electricity to other power destinations (i.e., the private areas of other residents or the common areas of the facility) via a power distribution device. The amount of electricity supplied from the storage battery installed in the private area by the resident to other power destinations is measured and a rebate fee is calculated based on the amount of electricity supplied, so the resident who personally installed the storage battery can earn the rebate fee as revenue. Meanwhile, the owner of the complex (the bulk power receiving business operator) can increase the total capacity of the storage batteries managed by the system without any burden on his/her own.

The distributed power source may include a power generation facility and a second storage battery that are shared by the facility. This makes it possible to supply electricity generated by, for example, solar power generation to each resident at a low price, charge the second storage battery when the amount of electricity generated exceeds the electricity demand, and supply electricity from the second storage battery to the resident when the demand for electricity exceeds the amount of electricity generated.

The fee management means may calculate the electricity fee based on the power values acquired by the power value acquisition means, a first power unit price that is the unit price of power supplied from the power grid to the power supply destination, a second power unit price that is the unit price of power supplied from the power generation facility to the power supply destination, a third power unit price that is the unit price of power supplied from the second storage battery to the power supply destination, and a fourth power unit price that is the unit price of power supplied from the power supply destination having the first storage battery to another power supply destination. More specifically, the electricity fee may be calculated by multiplying the amount of power obtained by integrating the acquired power values for a predetermined period by each of the power unit prices.

According to this, it is possible to calculate an electricity rate that allows both the bulk electricity receiving business operator and the resident to enjoy benefits without suffering any losses by providing a difference in electricity unit price between the electricity supplied from the power grid to the electricity supply destination, the electricity supplied from the distributed power source to the electricity supply destination, and the electricity supplied from the electricity supply destination equipped with the first storage battery to the other electricity supply destination. Note that any or all of the first to fourth electricity unit prices may be the same price.

The second electricity unit price may be set to be cheaper than the first electricity unit price. This allows a resident who owns a storage battery to charge the storage battery with cheaper electricity and discharge the charged electricity for the load in his/her private area, thereby reducing costs compared to using electricity supplied from the power grid.

The fee management means may calculate the rebate fee based on a fifth electricity price, which is a preset purchase price of electricity supplied from a power supply destination having the first storage battery to the other power supply destinations, and the amount of electricity supplied from the power supply destination having the first storage battery to the other power supply destinations that is the subject of the rebate fee calculation. The fourth electricity price may be set to be equal to or higher than the fifth electricity price and equal to or lower than the first electricity price. In this way, it is possible to calculate a rebate fee and electricity price that allows all of the tenants who own the storage battery, the tenants who do not own a storage battery, and the bulk power receiving business operator to enjoy benefits without suffering any losses.

The second electricity unit price may be set to be cheaper than the fifth electricity unit price. This allows a resident who owns a storage battery to charge the storage battery with the generated electricity at low cost, and to supply electricity to other power supply destinations at a unit price higher than the purchase price of the electricity related to the charging, thereby making it possible to make a profit from the price difference.

The fee management means may calculate the electricity fee for each of the power supply destinations using a fee calculation amount of power determined based on the ratio of the amount of power supplied to the power supply destination that is the subject of the electricity fee calculation to the total amount of power supplied to all of the power supply destinations in the complex for which the electricity fee is charged. In this way, electricity related to common areas of the complex can also be charged to the residents pro rata based on the electricity consumption ratio of each resident.

In addition, for each of the first storage batteries, an external supply stop remaining amount, which is a lower threshold of the remaining capacity at which the power supply to the other power supply destinations should be stopped, is set in advance, and the power control means may perform control to stop the power supply from the power supply destination having the first storage battery to the other power supply destinations when the remaining capacity of the first storage battery becomes equal to or less than the external supply stop remaining amount.

This means that for privately owned storage batteries, for example, the owner of the battery can secure any remaining capacity that he or she determines while supplying the surplus to other power supply destinations, thereby making it possible to obtain benefits from this. In other words, the owner of a privately owned storage battery can freely secure and use the power of the battery at his or her own discretion, so that there can be no disadvantages from linking a privately owned storage battery to a power supply system.

In addition, for each of the first storage batteries, an external supply limit power amount, which is an upper threshold value of the amount of power permitted to be supplied to the other power supply destinations within a specified period, is set in advance, and the power control means may perform control to stop the supply of power from the power supply destination having the first storage battery to the other power supply destinations when the amount of power supplied from the first storage battery to the other power supply destinations within a specified period is equal to or less than the external supply limit power amount.

According to this, for privately owned storage batteries, control can be exercised so that only an arbitrary amount determined by the owner of the storage battery is supplied to other power supply destinations. In other words, the owner of a privately owned storage battery can freely determine the amount of power to be supplied to other power supply destinations at his or her own discretion, so that it is possible to prevent disadvantages from occurring by linking a privately owned storage battery to a power supply system.

In addition, a power supply permission time, which is a time period during which power supply to the other power supply destinations is permitted, is set in advance for each of the first storage batteries, and the power control means may control the supply of power from the power supply destination having the first storage battery to the other power supply destinations only during the power supply permission time.

According to this, privately owned storage batteries can be controlled to supply power to other power supply destinations only during the time periods determined by the owner of the storage battery. In other words, the owner of a privately owned storage battery can determine the time periods during which the battery will supply power to other power supply destinations at his or her own discretion, so that no disadvantages arise from linking a privately owned storage battery to a power supply system.

The second power value acquisition means may also include an individual power storage power value acquisition means that acquires only the value of the power exchanged with the first storage battery. Such a power value acquisition means makes it possible to more accurately measure the amount of power exchanged with the first storage battery.

The first storage battery and/or the distributed power source may include a storage battery mounted on an electric vehicle. This allows the system to be a so-called V2H (Vehicle to Home) system.

The present invention can also be understood as a program for causing a computer to function as the above-mentioned power control means and/or fee management means, or as a computer-readable recording medium on which such a program is non-temporarily recorded.

The above configurations and processes can be combined with each other to form the present invention as long as no technical contradictions arise.

The present invention provides a technology that enables a power supply system that supplies power to a complex facility that includes multiple power supply destinations to link storage batteries installed in private areas by residents to the power supply system and make effective use of the batteries.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a power supply system according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a functional configuration of the management device according to the first embodiment. FIG. 3 is a first flowchart illustrating an example of a power control process performed by the storage battery controller according to the first embodiment. FIG. 4 is a second flowchart illustrating an example of the power control process performed by the storage battery controller according to the first embodiment. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of power control for one day by the power supply system according to the first embodiment. FIG. 6 is a third flowchart illustrating an example of a power control process performed by the battery controller according to the first embodiment. FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a process flow according to a modification of the first embodiment. FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a process flow according to another modified example of the first embodiment. FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a power supply system according to the second embodiment.

<Application Examples>
Hereinafter, application examples of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a power supply system 1 to which the present invention can be applied. In FIG. 1, solid lines connecting each block indicate power lines, and dashed lines connecting each block indicate communication lines (including wireless communication). It is assumed that the power supply system 1 according to this application example is applied to an apartment building 1a. In this case, the apartment building 1a is an example of a complex facility including multiple power supply destinations. It is also assumed that the system is equipped with distributed power sources such as solar cells, wind power generators, so-called V2H (Vehicle to Home) power sources and storage batteries.

In FIG. 1, the power supply system 1 is electrically connected to the power grid 3. When the power supply from the distributed power source is less than the power consumption at the multiple power supply destinations and there is a power shortage, it is possible to purchase power from the power grid 3, for example. When the power supply from the distributed power source is more than the power consumption at the multiple power supply destinations, it is possible to sell the surplus power to the power grid 3, for example. The power exchanged with these power grids 3 is measured by the parent smart meter 4. The power grid 3 may be a so-called retail electricity supplier or a general electricity supplier. The power grid 3 from which the power is purchased and the power grid 3 from which the surplus power is sold may be different electricity suppliers or the same electricity supplier. The parent smart meter 4 may also be configured to have a smart meter for purchasing power and a smart meter for selling surplus power separately installed.

The power supply system 1 also has a management device 2 outside the apartment complex 1a that is configured to be able to communicate with the system in the apartment complex 1a. In this application example, wireless communication is possible between the system in the apartment complex 1a and the management device 2 via an LTE router 6. More specifically, the management device 2 may be a server device provided on the cloud by a management company that is the operator of the power supply system 1. However, the management device 2 may be connected by wired communication and may not necessarily be provided on the cloud as long as it is capable of sending and receiving information between the system in the apartment complex 1a in the power supply system 1. The management device 2 has a function to calculate the electricity fee to be charged to each power supply destination and the refund fee to be refunded from the power used in the apartment complex 1a, as described below.

In addition, the multiple power supply destinations of the power supply system 1 are assumed to be private areas 120a, 120b, 120c, etc. These private areas 120a, 120b, 120c, etc. are, for example, each room (hereinafter also referred to as the occupants) in the apartment building 1a. In addition, the loads 12a, 12b, 12c, etc. in the private areas 120a, 120b, 120c, etc. are electrical appliances, etc. in each room in the apartment building 1a.

As shown in FIG. 1, the private area 120a is equipped with a storage battery 121a and a storage battery power conditioner 122a. In this way, each resident can independently install power storage equipment within their own private area.

In addition to the private areas 120a, 120b, 120c, the apartment building 1a also has a common area 13. The common area 13 is a common portion of the apartment building 1a, and the loads of the common area 13 may be, for example, lights 13a in the hallway or entrance, and a specific load distribution board 13b that automatically supplies power to pre-connected electrical appliances during a power outage. The private areas 120a, 120b, 120c, and the common area 13 are each equipped with smart meters 11a, 11b,
. . , 18 are provided, and the power supplied to the exclusive use units 120a, 120b, 120c, . . . and the common unit 13 can be measured.

The smart meters 11a, 11b, 11c... provided for the exclusive use units 120a, 120b, 120c... are configured to be able to measure not only the power supplied from the first distribution board 9 to the exclusive use units 120a, 120b, 120c..., but also the power transmitted from the exclusive use units 120a, 120b, 120c... to the first distribution board 9. This makes it possible for the occupant of the exclusive use unit 120a to use their own installed storage battery 121a (storage battery power conditioner 122a) in conjunction with the power supply system 1.

The power supply system 1 is also equipped with a storage battery 14 and a solar cell 15 as distributed power sources. The storage battery 14 is connected to a storage battery power conditioner 16, which includes a bidirectional DC/DC converter that raises and lowers the charging and discharging voltage, and a DC/AC converter that converts the voltage related to charging and discharging the storage battery from DC to AC. The power output from the storage battery power conditioner 16 is measured by a smart meter 19a. On the other hand, the solar cell 15 is connected to a solar cell power conditioner 17, which includes a DC/DC converter that adjusts the power generation voltage of the solar cell 15, a control circuit for performing MPPT control using the hill climbing method, and a DC/AC converter that converts the output voltage of the solar cell 15 from DC to AC. The power output from the solar cell power conditioner 17 is measured by a smart meter 19a. The solar cell power conditioner 17 is also electrically connected to the storage battery power conditioner 16, and it is possible to directly charge the storage battery 14 with the power generated by the solar cell 15. In this embodiment, a distributed power source in which the storage battery 14 and the solar cell 15 are integrated may also be used.

Then, the management device 2 calculates the electricity fee to be charged to each resident based on the amount of electricity measured by the parent smart meter 4, and smart meters 11a, 11b, 11c, ..., 18, 19a, and 19b. Furthermore, in the power supply system 1 according to this application, when a resident who has his/her own storage battery, such as the resident of the private unit 120a equipped with the storage battery 121a, supplies electricity stored in the storage battery to other private units 120b, 120c, ..., or the common unit 13, the amount of electricity supplied can be measured by the smart meter 11a. Therefore, when electricity is supplied from the resident of the private unit 120a (specifically, the storage battery 121a), it is also possible to calculate the fee to be returned to the resident.

In this way, the power supply system 1 according to this application example makes it possible to effectively utilize the storage batteries installed in the private areas of the occupants in a power supply system that supplies power to a complex facility including multiple power supply destinations by linking them with the power supply system.

Example 1
In the following, an embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings.

In the power supply system 1 shown in FIG. 1, the storage battery power conditioner 16 and the solar cell power conditioner 17 are connected to a second distribution board 10 for distributed power sources. The second distribution board 10 is connected to a first distribution board 9 that distributes power to each of the exclusive parts 120a, 120b, 120c, ... and the common part 13. The first distribution board 9 is connected to the power system 3 via the parent smart meter 4. The first distribution board 9 is also connected to each of the exclusive parts 120a, 120b, 120c, ... and the common part 13 (outlets) via the smart meters 11a, 11b, 11c, ..., 18. Here, the first distribution board 9 and the second distribution board 10 constitute a distribution device in this embodiment. The parent smart meter 4 corresponds to the first power value acquisition means in this embodiment. The smart meters 11a, 11b, 11c, ..., 18 correspond to the second power value acquisition means in this embodiment. The smart meters 19a and 19b correspond to a third power value acquiring unit in this embodiment.

As a result, the power generated by the solar cell 15 and the power discharged from the storage battery 14 can be supplied to each of the private units 120a, 120b, 120c, etc. and the common unit 13. In addition, the power discharged from the storage battery 121a in the private unit 120a can be supplied to the other private units 120b, 120c, etc. and the common unit 13 according to the settings described below.

At that time, if the power consumed by the loads in each of the private units 120a, 120b, 120c, etc. and the common unit 13 is greater than the power supplied by the distributed power sources of the storage battery 14 and the solar cell 15, and the power discharged from the storage battery 121a according to the settings, the shortage is replenished by purchasing power from the power grid 3. Also, if the power consumed by the loads in each of the private units 120a, 120b, 120c, etc. and the common unit 13 (including the charging of the storage battery 121a) is less than the power generated by the solar cell 15, the surplus power that exceeds the charging capacity of the storage battery 14 can be sold to the power grid 3.

The input/output power of the exclusive parts 120a, 120b, 120c... and the common part 13 measured by the smart meters 11a, 11b, 11c..., 18, the input/output power of the storage battery power conditioner 16 measured by the smart meter 19a, and the output power from the solar battery power conditioner 17 to the second distribution board 10 measured by the smart meter 19b are provided to the storage battery controller 5 via the gateway 8c and the hub 7. Here, the storage battery controller 5 corresponds to the power control means in this embodiment. In addition, the amount of power purchased from the power grid 3 measured by the parent smart meter 4 and the amount of surplus power sold to the power grid 3 are also provided to the storage battery controller 5. In addition, the state of MPPT control in the solar battery power conditioner 17, information such as the terminal current value and voltage value of the solar battery 15, and information such as the amount of power stored in the storage battery 14 and the storage battery 121a are also provided to the storage battery controller 5 via the gateways 8a, 8b, 8d, and the hub 7.

The battery controller 5 controls the input/output power of the battery power conditioner 16 and the battery power conditioner 122a, the amount of power purchased from the power grid 3, the amount of surplus power sold to the power grid 3, etc., based on the power consumption in each of the private areas 120a, 120b, 120c, etc. and the common area 13, the amount of power generated by the solar cell 15, the amount of power stored in the storage battery 14 and the storage battery 121a, the power management policy of the bulk power receiving business operator (hereinafter also referred to as the owner), the power trading market price, etc.

Similarly, the input/output power of the exclusive parts 120a, 120b, 120c, etc. and the common part 13 measured by the smart meters 11a, 11b, 11c, etc., the input/output power of the storage battery power conditioner 16 measured by the smart meter 19a, and the output power from the solar battery power conditioner 17 to the second distribution board 10 measured by the smart meter 19b are also provided to the management device 2 via the gateway 8c, the hub 7, and the LTE router 6. Similarly, the amount of power purchased from the power grid 3 measured by the parent smart meter 4 and the amount of surplus power sold to the power grid 3 are also provided to the management device 2. Furthermore, the state of MPPT control in the solar battery power conditioner 17, information such as the terminal current value and voltage value of the solar battery 15, and information such as the amount of power stored in the storage battery 14 and the storage battery 121a are also provided to the management device 2 via the gateways 8a, 8b, 8d, the hub 7, and the LTE router 6. In the embodiment, information on the amount of power purchased from the power grid 3 and the amount of surplus power sold to the power grid 3 may be obtained from billing information from the power company, rather than being provided to the management device 2 from the smart meter.

(Regarding management devices and fee calculations)
2 is a block diagram showing some of the functions of the management device 2. As shown in FIG. 2, the management device 2 includes an electricity fee calculation unit 201 that calculates electricity fees to be charged to the residents of the private units 120a, 120b, 120c, etc., based on information on the power consumption in the private units 120a, 120b, 120c, etc., and the common unit 13. In addition, the private units 120a, 120b, 120c, etc., each equipped with a storage battery 121a,
The management device 2 has a rebate fee calculation unit 202 that calculates a rebate fee to be returned to a resident who, like the resident a, supplies electricity to other private areas or common areas from a storage battery owned by the resident. Furthermore, the management device 2 may have an electricity purchase fee calculation unit 203 that calculates an electricity purchase fee to be paid to the electric utility related to the electric power grid 3 based on the amount of electricity purchased from the electric power grid 3, or stores the amount of the electricity purchase fee billed from the electric utility. Note that the hardware configuration of the management device 2 is the same as that of a general server device, and therefore a description thereof will be omitted here.

The electricity fee calculation unit 201 calculates the electricity fee that the bulk power receiving business operator charges each occupant of the private unit. In this case, the electricity fee is calculated based on the unit price (yen/kWh) set for each source of electricity supplied to each occupant and the amount of electricity supplied from each source of electricity. Specifically, the unit price of electricity is set as a first electricity unit price, which is the unit price of electricity procured from the power grid 3 and supplied to each power supply destination, a second electricity unit price, which is the unit price of electricity supplied from the solar cell 15, a third electricity unit price, which is the unit price of electricity supplied from the storage battery 14, and a fourth electricity unit price, which is the unit price of electricity supplied from the storage battery 121a. The electricity fee to be charged to each occupant is determined by multiplying the amount of electricity exchanged between each source measured by the smart meter by the above-mentioned unit price. The first electricity unit price may be the same unit price as the procurement price from the power grid 3, or may be a price to which the management cost of the facility is added.

In addition, when the bulk electricity receiving business operator receives electricity from a storage battery owned by a resident, the rebate fee calculation unit calculates the fee to be rebated to the resident who owns the storage battery. At this time, the rebate fee to be rebated to each resident is determined by multiplying the fifth electricity unit price, which is the preset purchase price from privately owned storage batteries (the selling price of electricity from the resident's perspective), by the amount of electricity supplied.

The electricity fee billed to each resident may be offset by the refund fee. For example, the electricity fee billed to the resident of the exclusive unit 120a is calculated by the following formula (1).
Electricity charge=(first power unit price×power supply from power grid 3)+(second power unit price×power supply from solar cell 15)+(third power unit price×power supply from storage battery 14)+(fourth power unit price×power supplied from storage batteries of other exclusive areas)−(fifth power unit price×power supplied from storage battery 121a) (1)

The above electricity unit prices can be freely determined by the bulk electricity receiving business operator, but the following unit price settings are conceivable. For example, the second electricity unit price for solar power generation should be set lower than the first electricity unit price, which is the supply price to the resident of electricity procured from the power grid 3, and the fifth electricity unit price, which is the purchase price from the resident-owned storage battery 121a.

In this way, for example, a resident who installs a storage battery 121a can reduce the electricity bill he or she pays by charging the storage battery 121a with electricity procured from the solar cell 15 and discharging and consuming it at night. Furthermore, a resident who installs a storage battery 121a can charge the storage battery 121a with electricity procured from the solar cell 15 and sell the electricity of the storage battery 121a to other residents or common areas at a higher unit price than when it is charged, thereby making a profit from the difference.

Furthermore, the fourth electricity unit price, which is the unit price of electricity supplied from the resident-owned storage battery 121a to other power supply destinations, should be set to be equal to or higher than the fifth electricity unit price and equal to or lower than the first electricity unit price. By doing so, the bulk electricity receiving business operator and occupants who do not own storage batteries, such as the residents of the exclusive units 120b and 120c, can avoid incurring losses by procuring electricity from the storage battery 121a.

The second electricity unit price may be set to an amount lower than the unit price of the general electricity rate that the occupants have previously paid to the electric utility. This allows all occupants, who have previously paid an electricity rate based on the electric utility's general electricity rate, to enjoy the benefit of being able to pay a lower electricity rate based on the power supply from the distributed power source.

The amount of power supplied that is the basis for calculating the electricity charges for each private unit 120a, 120b, 120c, etc. is not the net amount of power consumed in each private unit, but the amount of power supplied to the common unit 13, which is used for calculating the charge. The amount of power used for calculating the charge can be calculated, for example, by multiplying the ratio of the power consumption in each private unit 120a, 120b, 120c, etc., to the total amount of power consumed in each private unit 120a, 120b, 120c, etc., for which an electricity charge is imposed, by the total amount of power consumed in each private unit 120a, 120b, 120c, etc., and the common unit 13 of the housing complex 1a. If the storage battery 14 is charged using relatively inexpensive power supplied from the power grid 3 during the night, the amount of power supplied when the storage battery 14 is charged may be added to the amount of power supplied to the common unit 13 to calculate the amount of power used for calculating the charge.

(System power control)
In this embodiment, it is desirable for the owner and the consumer to cover the power consumption of the apartment house 1a as much as possible with the power generated by the solar cell 15 and reduce the amount of power procured from the power grid 3 to lower the electricity bill. For this reason, when there is surplus power generated by the solar cell 15, it is possible to charge the storage battery 14 as much as possible and increase the charging rate of the storage battery 14 as much as possible. This reduces the sale of surplus power to the power grid 3 and suppresses the occurrence of a shortage of power supply from the distributed power source, thereby contributing to ensuring a power source during a power outage. The storage battery controller 5 in this embodiment controls the power of the apartment house 1a under such a policy.

Figures 3 and 4 are flowcharts showing an example of power control processing for the storage battery using the power supply system 1 in this embodiment. The flow of the processing will be described below with reference to Figures 3 and 4. First, as shown in Figure 3, the storage battery controller 5 determines whether the power generated by the solar cell 15 (hereinafter referred to as _PPV ) is greater than the power consumption (hereinafter referred to as _PL ) of the entire apartment building 1a (S101).

If it is determined that _PPV >P _L , then it is determined whether the remaining capacity (hereinafter referred to as _CCR ) of the storage battery 14 is less than the full charge capacity (hereinafter referred to as _CCF ) of the storage battery 14 (S102). If it is determined that _CCR < _CCF , then power is supplied from the solar cell 15 to the storage battery 14 via the solar cell power conditioner 17 and the storage battery power conditioner 16, and the storage battery 14 is charged (S103). Furthermore, the storage battery controller 5 determines whether the value obtained by subtracting P _L from _PPV is less than the maximum charging power value (hereinafter referred to as _PCC ) of the storage battery 14 (S104).

Here, if it is determined that P _PV - P _L < P _CC (for example, P _PV = 10 kW, P _L = 8 kW, P _CC = 4 kW), the battery controller 5 stops charging all of the batteries in the exclusive sections 120 a, 120 b, 120 c, ... (S105), and temporarily ends this series of flows.

On the other hand, if it is determined in step S102 that C _CR < C _CF is not satisfied, the power supply from the solar cell 15 to the storage battery 14, i.e., the charging of the storage battery 14, is stopped (step S106), and the process proceeds to loop L1. Also, if it is determined in step S104 that P _PV - P _L < P _CC is not satisfied (for example, P _PV = 20 kW, P _L = 10 kW, P _CC = 4 kW), the process also proceeds to loop L1.

In loop L1, the process from step S107 onwards is repeatedly executed for all the batteries in the exclusive areas. In step S107, it is determined whether the remaining capacity (hereinafter referred to as C _nR ) of the battery (e.g. 121a in 120a) installed in the exclusive area is less than the full charge capacity (hereinafter referred to as C _nF ) (S107). If it is determined that C _nR < C _nF , power is supplied from the solar cell 15 to the battery (e.g. 121a) in the exclusive area via the solar cell power conditioner 17, the power distribution device, and the battery power conditioner (e.g. 122a) in each exclusive area, and the battery in the exclusive area is charged (S108). On the other hand, if it is determined that C _nR < C _nF is not true in step S107, charging to each exclusive area is stopped (S109). Then, when the process of loop L1 is executed for all the batteries in the exclusive areas, the series of flows is temporarily terminated.

Continuing with reference to FIG. 4, the flow when it is determined in step S101 that P _PV >P _L is not satisfied will be described. When it is determined in step S101 that P _PV >P _L is not satisfied, the battery controller 5 determines whether C _CR is greater than a power failure remaining capacity (hereinafter referred to as C _CE ) which is a predetermined parameter of the battery 14 (S111). If it is determined that C _CR >C _CE , the battery controller 5 discharges the power charged in the battery 14 and supplies it to each power supply destination (S112). Furthermore, the battery controller 5 determines whether the value obtained by subtracting P _L from P _PV is less than the maximum discharge power value (hereinafter referred to as _PCD ) of the battery 14 (S113). If it is determined that P _PV -P _L <P _CD , the battery controller 5 stops discharging all the batteries in the exclusive units 120a, 120b, 120c, ... (S114) and temporarily ends a series of flows.

On the other hand, if it is determined in step S111 that C _CR > C _CE is not satisfied, discharging from the storage battery 14 is stopped (S115), and the process proceeds to loop L2. Also, if it is determined in step S113 that P _PV - P _L < P _CD is not satisfied, the process proceeds to loop L2.

In loop L2, the process from step S116 onwards is repeatedly executed for all the storage batteries in the exclusive areas. In step S116, the storage battery controller 5 judges whether _CnR is greater than the remaining capacity before external supply is stopped (hereinafter referred to as _CnOR ), which is a parameter preset for each storage battery in the exclusive areas (S116). _CnOR is a lower threshold value of the remaining capacity at which power supply to other exclusive areas and common areas should be stopped. _CnOR may be freely set by the owner of the storage battery via, for example, a storage battery power conditioner, and may be set to a value that allows efficient use of the battery's power depending on seasonal factors (for example, setting it to a higher value in summer as power for air conditioning at night) and the schedule of the day (for example, setting it to a lower value on days when the user plans to be absent at night).

If it is determined in step S116 that C _nR > C _nOR , the battery controller 5 discharges the power of the exclusive area's battery (e.g., 121 a) via the battery power conditioner (e.g., 122 a) of each exclusive area, and supplies power to the other exclusive areas and the common area 13 via the first distribution board 9 (S117).

On the other hand, if it is determined in step S116 that _CnR > _CnOR is not satisfied, it is determined whether _CnR is greater than the remaining capacity for power outage (hereinafter referred to as _CnE ), which is a parameter preset for each storage battery in the exclusive section (step S118). If it is determined that _CnR > _CnE , the storage battery controller 5 discharges the storage battery but stops the power supply to the other exclusive sections and the common section 13 (S119). On the other hand, if it is determined in step S118 that _CnR > _CnE is not satisfied, the discharge of the storage battery in the exclusive section is stopped (S120). Then, when the processing of loop L2 is executed for all the storage batteries in the exclusive sections, the series of flows is temporarily terminated.

The storage battery controller 5 performs power control in the power supply system 1 by repeatedly executing the above-mentioned flow as needed. FIG. 5 shows an example of such power control on a hypothetical day. As shown in FIG. 5, the storage battery controller 5 allocates the power P _PV generated by the solar cell 15 to the power consumption of the entire facility with priority, and if there is a surplus, allocates it to the common area storage battery, the private area storage battery, and the power grid 3 in that order. If the amount of power generated by the solar cell 15 is not enough to cover the power consumption of the entire facility, power is procured in the following order: discharge of the common area storage battery, discharge of the private area storage battery, and purchase of power from the power grid 3. This reduces the amount of power procured from the power grid 3 as much as possible, making it possible to reduce the overall electricity bill.

(Control during power outages)
The above control example is an example of normal times when the power grid 3 and the power supply system 1 are interconnected, but an example of control processing during a power outage is shown in Fig. 6. As shown in Fig. 6, the processing performed by the storage battery controller 5 is almost the same as that during normal times, except that in step S211 and step S218 in loop L3, it is determined whether _CcR and _CnR are greater than 0 (not the remaining capacity for a power outage). That is, the storage battery controller 5 performs control to discharge the power of the storage battery during a power outage as long as there is remaining capacity in the storage battery. It is also possible to perform control such that, even during normal times, the discharge continues as long as there is remaining capacity in the storage battery, without setting the remaining capacity for a power outage as a parameter.
(Variation 1)
In the above-described first embodiment, in step S116, it is determined whether or not the power supply to the other exclusive parts and the common parts should be stopped based on the external supply stop remaining amount (C _nOR ). However, such a determination may be made using other indices. Specifically, for example, the external supply limit power amount (hereinafter, referred to as C _nOL ), which is the upper limit threshold of the power amount that allows the power supply to the other exclusive parts and the common parts within a predetermined period, may be used as an index. FIG. 7 shows an example of a process in which it is determined whether or not the power supply to the other exclusive parts and the common parts should be stopped based on such an index. In FIG. 7, the same processes as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals as those in the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 7, the process performed by the storage battery controller 5 is almost the same as that in the first embodiment, and step S316 in the loop L4 is different. In step S316, it is determined whether the amount of power (hereinafter referred to as C _nO ) supplied by the storage battery in the exclusive area to the other exclusive areas and the common area within a predetermined time period (for example, within 24 hours from 00:00 to 24:00) is less than C _nOL . If it is determined that C _nO < C _nOL , the process proceeds to step S117, and if it is determined that C _nO < C _nOL is not true, the process proceeds to step S118.

(Variation 2)
Further, another example of an index for determining whether or not the power supply to other private units and common units should be stopped is shown. Specifically, it can be determined whether or not the power supply is within the power supply permission time, which is the time period during which the power supply to other private units and common units is permitted. FIG. 8 shows an example of a process for determining whether or not the power supply to other private units and common units should be stopped using such an index. In FIG. 8, the same processes as in the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals as in the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 8, the process performed by the storage battery controller 5 is almost the same as in the first embodiment, except for step S416 in loop L5. In step S416, it is determined whether or not the current time (hereinafter, T) is after the external supply start time (hereinafter, T _nS ) and before the external supply end time (hereinafter, T _nE ). If it is determined that _nS ≦T ≦T _nE , the process proceeds to step S117, and if it is determined that _nS ≦T ≦T _nE is not satisfied, the process proceeds to step S118.

As described above, when the power consumption of the complex facility exceeds the power supply capacity of the distributed power source, by making it possible to determine whether or not to supply power from the storage battery in the private area to other private areas and common areas based on various indicators, flexible power control can be performed according to the needs of the residents who have storage batteries. In addition, each of the indicators shown as examples can be used not only alone but also in combination, and power may be supplied to the outside when any two or all of the conditions are met.

Example 2
The power supply system 1 of the first embodiment described above is configured to be able to cooperate with a storage battery provided in the exclusive area, but instead of or in addition to the storage battery provided in the exclusive area, a storage battery mounted on the electric vehicle may be included. That is, a power supply system equipped with V2H may be used. Such a power supply system 900 will be described below.

9 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of the power supply system 900 according to the present embodiment. In FIG. 9, the solid lines connecting the blocks indicate power lines, and the direction of the arrows indicates the direction in which power is transmitted. The power supply system 900 according to the present embodiment is assumed to be applied to an apartment house 901. As in the first embodiment, the apartment house 901 is electrically connected to the power grid 960. When the power supplied by the solar cell 940 and the storage battery 930 (hereinafter collectively referred to as a distributed power source) is less than the power consumption at the multiple power supply destinations and there is a power shortage, it is possible to purchase power from the power grid 960. When the power supplied by the distributed power source is more than the power consumption at the multiple power supply destinations, it is possible to sell the surplus power to the power grid 960. The power exchanged between the power grid 960 and the apartment house 901 is measured by a smart meter 951.

The multiple power supply destinations of the power supply system 900 are assumed to be private areas 910a, 910b, ... 910n ... 910x. These are, for example, each room (hereinafter also referred to as the occupants) in the apartment building 901. The loads 911a, 911b, ... 911n ... 911x in the private areas 910a, 910b, ... 910n ... 910x are electrical appliances and the like in each room of the apartment building 901. The power supply destinations also include loads (not shown) in the common area 920.

The power exchanged among these multiple power supply destinations, distributed power sources, and power grid 960 is transmitted to power distribution device 950, where it is appropriately distributed and distributed. The power distributed in this manner and the power transmitted to power distribution device 950 are measured by smart meters 915a, 915b...915n...915x, 921, 931, and 941.

Although not shown in FIG. 9, in the power supply system 900 according to this embodiment, information on the power measured by each smart meter is also sent to the battery controller via a gateway and a hub. In addition, similar information is provided to a management device (not shown) that includes a fee calculation means.

In the power supply system 900 according to this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 9, the exclusive section 910a is equipped with a storage battery 912a, and the exclusive section 910b is equipped with a storage battery 912b, but there are also exclusive sections (e.g., exclusive section 910n, exclusive section 910x) that do not have these. Furthermore, the exclusive section 910a is equipped with an electric vehicle (EV) 913a and a charger/discharger (EV power conditioner) 914a. Similarly, the exclusive section 910n is equipped with an EV 913n and a charger/discharger 914n. The EV 913a and EV 913n each have a storage battery, and the EV 913a is configured to be able to exchange power with the exclusive section 910a via the charger/discharger 914a.

The exchange of power between the power distribution device 950 and the EV 913a may be processed in the same manner as the exchange of power with the storage battery 912a. For example, the power control and the calculation of the electricity fee and the rebate fee may be processed as if the capacity of the storage battery 912a installed in the exclusive section 910a had been increased by the capacity of the storage battery installed in the EV 913a. In addition, the remaining power outage (+driving) capacity and the remaining external supply stop capacity may be configured to be unique to the EV 913a.

The power supply system 900 described above makes it possible to apply the present invention to a power supply system combined with so-called V2H.

＜Other＞
The above examples merely exemplify the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above specific forms. Various modifications of the present invention are possible within the scope of the technical concept. For example, in the above embodiment, an apartment building 1a is illustrated as a complex facility having multiple power supply destinations, but the complex facility that is the subject of the present invention is not limited to an apartment building. For example, a shared office, an industrial park, etc. are also included. In addition, in the above embodiment, a solar cell is illustrated as an example of a distributed power source, but the distributed power source that is the subject of the present invention is not limited to a solar cell, and includes other power sources such as a wind power generation device, a geothermal power generation device, and a biomass power generation device.

In addition, in each of the above examples, one smart meter is installed per exclusive area, but other configurations are also possible. For example, a configuration may be provided in which a smart meter that measures the power consumption of the load in that exclusive area and a smart meter that measures the power exchange with the storage battery in that exclusive area are installed for each exclusive area. This makes it possible to more accurately measure the power exchange with the storage battery. Also, a parent smart meter that measures the power exchange with the power grid may be configured to have one for purchasing power and one for selling surplus power.

Conversely, it is also possible to configure the system so that some of the smart meters are omitted. Specifically, for example, the smart meter 19a of the first embodiment may be omitted, and the value of the power exchanged between the storage battery power conditioner 16 and the second distribution board 10 may be calculated based on the power values acquired from the other smart meters. The smart meters may also be built into the power conditioner. Such a configuration makes it possible to omit the smart meters and reduce the cost of the system.

In addition, in the power supply system according to the second embodiment, the electric vehicle (storage battery) was installed in parallel with the storage batteries in each private area, but it is also possible to install it in parallel with the storage battery in the common area. In this case, for example, the electricity fee may be calculated by linking the occupant of a specific private area with a specific charger/discharger by contract, and the electricity fee and rebate fee may be calculated based on the exchange of electricity with the specific charger/discharger. Furthermore, the charging and discharging of the EV's storage battery may be controlled in the same way as the storage battery in the private area, or in the same way as the storage battery in the common area.

In addition, while the above second embodiment has been described using an electric vehicle as an example, it is also possible to create a power supply system that combines other electric vehicles, such as PHVs (Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles) and PHEVs (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles).

<Additional Notes>
In the following, the components of the present invention will be described with reference to the reference numerals in the drawings in order to make it possible to compare the components of the present invention with the configurations of the embodiments.
(Invention 1)
A power supply system (1) for a complex facility having a plurality of power supply destinations (120a, 120b, 120c, ...),
A distributed power source (14, 15) capable of supplying power to the plurality of power supply destinations;
At least one first storage battery (121a) individually provided in at least one of the power supply destinations
and,
A power distribution device (9) connected to a power system (3), the distributed power sources, and each of the plurality of power supply destinations so as to be able to transmit and receive electric power;
a first power value acquiring means (4) for acquiring a value of power exchanged between the power distribution device and the power grid;
second power value acquisition means (11a, 11b, 11c, . . . ) for acquiring a value of power exchanged between the power distribution device and each of the plurality of power supply destinations;
a third power value acquisition means (19a, 19b) for acquiring a value of power exchanged between the power distribution device and the distributed power sources;
a power control means (5) for controlling the exchange of power between the power distribution device and each of the power supply destinations, the exchange of power with the power grid, the exchange of power with the distributed power sources, and the power related to the generation and/or charging/discharging of the distributed power sources;
and a fee management means (2) for calculating an electricity fee to be charged to each of the plurality of power supply destinations and a rebate fee for the power supply destination equipped with the first storage battery, based on the power values acquired by each of the power value acquisition means.

1, 900...Power supply system 1a, 901...Apartment building 2...Management device 3, 960...Power system 4...Parent smart meter 5...Battery controller 6...LTE router 7...Hub 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d...Gateway 9...First distribution board 10...Second distribution board 11a, 11b, 11c, 18, 19a, 19b, 915a, 915b, 915n, 915x, 921, 931, 941, 951...Smart meter 120a, 120b, 120c, 910a, 910b, 910n, 910x...Private section 121a, 912a, 912b...Private section battery 12a, 12b, 12c, 911a, 911b, 911n, 911x...Private section load 13: Common area 14, 930: Storage battery 15, 940: Solar cell 16: Storage battery power conditioner 17: Solar cell power conditioner 913a, 913n: Electric vehicle 914a, 914n: Charger/discharger

Claims (12)

A power supply system for a complex facility having a plurality of power supply destinations,
A distributed power source capable of supplying power to the plurality of power supply destinations;
One or more first storage batteries individually provided in at least one of the power supply destinations;
a power distribution device connected to a power grid, the distributed power sources, and each of the plurality of power supply destinations so as to be able to transmit and receive power;
a first power value acquiring means for acquiring a value of power exchanged between the power distribution device and the power grid;
a second power value acquiring unit that acquires a value of power exchanged between the power distribution device and each of the plurality of power supply destinations;
a third power value acquisition means for acquiring a value of power exchanged between the power distribution device and the distributed power sources;
a power control means for controlling the exchange of power between the power distribution device and each of the power supply destinations , the exchange of power between the power distribution device and the power grid , the exchange of power between the power distribution device and the distributed power sources, and the power related to the generation and/or charging/discharging of the distributed power sources;
a fee management means for calculating an electricity fee to be charged to each of the plurality of power supply destinations and a rebate fee for the power supply destination that includes the first storage battery, based on the power values acquired by the power value acquisition means;
It is equipped with
The distributed power source includes a power generation facility and a second storage battery provided for shared use by the facility,
The fee management means includes:
calculating the electricity rate based on the power values acquired by each of the power value acquisition means, a first power unit price which is a preset unit price of power supplied from the power system to the power supply destination, a second power unit price which is a unit price of power supplied from the power generation facility to the power supply destination, a third power unit price which is a unit price of power supplied from the second storage battery to the power supply destination, and a fourth power unit price which is a unit price of power supplied from the power supply destination equipped with the first storage battery to another power supply destination;
calculating the rebate fee based on a fifth electricity unit price, which is a purchase price of electricity supplied from a power supply destination having the first storage battery to the other power supply destinations that is set in advance, and an amount of electricity supplied from the power supply destination having the first storage battery that is the subject of the rebate fee calculation to the other power supply destinations;
A power supply system comprising: The power supply system according to claim 1 , wherein the second unit price of electricity is set to be lower than the first unit price of electricity. 3 . The power supply system according to claim 1 , wherein the fourth power unit price is set to be equal to or higher than the fifth power unit price and equal to or lower than the first power unit price. 4 . 4 . The power supply system according to claim 1 , wherein the second unit price of electricity is set to be lower than the fifth unit price of electricity. 5. The power supply system according to claim 1, wherein the fee management means calculates the electricity fee for each of the power supply destinations using a fee calculation amount of power obtained based on a ratio of the amount of power supplied to the power supply destinations that are subject to the electricity fee calculation to a total amount of power supplied to all of the power supply destinations in the complex for which the electricity fee is charged. For each of the first storage batteries, an external supply stop remaining amount is set in advance, the external supply stop remaining amount being a lower limit threshold of a remaining capacity at which the power supply to each of the other power supply destinations should be stopped,
The power supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, when the remaining capacity of the first storage battery becomes equal to or less than the external supply stop remaining capacity, the power control means performs control to stop power supply from a power supply destination having the first storage battery to the other power supply destinations. For each of the first storage batteries, an external supply limit amount of power, which is an upper limit threshold of the amount of power permitted to be supplied to the other power supply destinations within a predetermined period, is set in advance,
The power supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the power control means performs control to stop power supply from a power supply destination having the first storage battery to the other power supply destinations when the amount of power supplied from the first storage battery to the other power supply destinations within a specified period is equal to or greater than the external supply limit power amount. A power supply permission time, which is a time period during which the first storage battery is permitted to supply power to the other power supply destinations, is set in advance,
The power supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 7 , characterized in that the power control means controls the supply of power from a power supply destination having the first storage battery to another power supply destination only within the power supply permitted time. The power supply system according to claim 1 , characterized in that the second power value acquisition means includes an individual power storage power value acquisition means for acquiring only the value of power exchanged with the first storage battery. The power supply system according to claim 1 , wherein the first storage battery and/or the distributed power source includes a storage battery mounted on an electric vehicle. A program for causing a computer to function as the power control means in the power supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 10 . A program for causing a computer to function as a fee management means in the power supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 10 .

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