JP7616715B2 - Manufacturing method for electrode composite for all-solid-state lithium-ion battery - Google Patents
Manufacturing method for electrode composite for all-solid-state lithium-ion battery Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、全固体リチウムイオン電池用電極複合体の製造方法に関する。
本願は、2021年5月12日に、日本に出願された特願2021-081219号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
The present invention relates to a method for producing an electrode composite for an all-solid-state lithium ion battery.
This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2021-081219, filed in Japan on May 12, 2021, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
リチウムイオン2次電池は、エネルギー密度が高く、パソコン、携帯電話などの情報関連機器等に使用されている。近年、電気自動車またはハイブリッド自動車向けに高出力かつ高容量のリチウムイオン2次電池の開発が進められている。Lithium-ion secondary batteries have a high energy density and are used in information-related devices such as personal computers and mobile phones. In recent years, development of high-output, high-capacity lithium-ion secondary batteries for electric or hybrid vehicles has been progressing.
しかし、現在のリチウムイオン2次電池は、可燃性の有機電解液を用いているので、リチウムイオン2次電池が異常発熱した際に発火しやすいという問題がある。実際、携帯機器でリチウムイオン2次電池を原因とする発火事故が起こっており、安全性の改善が強く求められている。However, current lithium-ion secondary batteries use flammable organic electrolytes, which means that they are prone to catching fire when they generate abnormal heat. In fact, there have been fires caused by lithium-ion secondary batteries in portable devices, and there is a strong demand for safety improvements.
リチウムイオン2次電池の有機電解液を無機固体電解質にすることで、発火のリスクを低減することができる。そのため、全固体リチウムイオン電池が注目されている。 By replacing the organic electrolyte in lithium-ion secondary batteries with an inorganic solid electrolyte, the risk of fire can be reduced. For this reason, all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries are attracting attention.
特許文献1には、正極活物質と第1固体電解質とを含む正極層と、負極活物質とリチウム水素化物とを含む負極層と、前記正極層と前記負極層の間に設けられ、第2固体電解質を含む固体電解質層と、を備え、前記第1固体電解質及び前記第2固体電解質は、一般式LixAyOz(Aは、S、B、C、P、Al、Tiの少なくともいずれかである)で表される酸化物を含むガラスであることを特徴とする全固体電池が開示されている。Patent Document 1 discloses an all-solid-state battery comprising a positive electrode layer containing a positive electrode active material and a first solid electrolyte, a negative electrode layer containing a negative electrode active material and lithium hydride, and a solid electrolyte layer provided between the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer and containing a second solid electrolyte, wherein the first solid electrolyte and the second solid electrolyte are glasses containing an oxide represented by the general formula LixAyOz (A is at least one of S, B, C, P, Al, and Ti).
特許文献2には、対極層と、負極層と、前記対極層と前記負極層の間に配置された硫化物ガラス系電解質と、を備える全固体リチウム二次電池であって、前記負極層はSn、Si又はGeの少なくても何れか一種類の高容量負極材料と前記硫化物ガラス系電解質含む合剤からなり、所定の拘束力が前記全固体リチウム二次電池の両端に作用し、前記負極層の面組織を観察するとき、25μmのスケールとの対比に基づいて観察される空隙が観察されない、面組織が緻密化されたことを特徴とする全固体リチウム二次電池が開示されている。Patent Document 2 discloses an all-solid-state lithium secondary battery comprising a counter electrode layer, a negative electrode layer, and a sulfide glass-based electrolyte disposed between the counter electrode layer and the negative electrode layer, the negative electrode layer being made of a mixture containing at least one high-capacity negative electrode material selected from Sn, Si, and Ge, and the sulfide glass-based electrolyte, a predetermined restraining force acts on both ends of the all-solid-state lithium secondary battery, and when observing the surface structure of the negative electrode layer, no voids are observed in comparison with a 25 μm scale, and the surface structure is densified.
特許文献3には、全固体リチウムイオン二次電池用の負極合材であって、前記負極合材は、負極活物質、固体電解質及び導電材を含有し、前記負極活物質は、Liと合金を形成可能な金属、及び当該金属の酸化物からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種の活物質を含み、前記固体電解質は、LiX-Li2S-P2S5系固体電解質(XはF、Cl、Br、及びIからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つのハロゲン)であり、前記負極合材の体積を100体積%としたときの前記導電材の体積割合(%)に、前記固体電解質のかさ密度を乗じて得られる値が0.53以上3.0以下であることを特徴とする、負極合材が開示されている。 Patent Document 3 discloses a negative electrode mixture for an all-solid-state lithium ion secondary battery, the negative electrode mixture containing a negative electrode active material, a solid electrolyte, and a conductive material, the negative electrode active material containing at least one active material selected from the group consisting of metals capable of forming an alloy with Li and oxides of the metals, the solid electrolyte being a LiX-Li 2 S-P 2 S 5 -based solid electrolyte (X is at least one halogen selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, and I), and a value obtained by multiplying the volume ratio (%) of the conductive material when the volume of the negative electrode mixture is taken as 100 volume % by the bulk density of the solid electrolyte is 0.53 to 3.0.
特許文献4には、A2S・AXで表される正極活物質を含み、前記Aは、アルカリ金属であり、前記Xは、I、Br、Cl、F、BF4、BH4、SO4、BO3、PO4、O、Se、N、P、As、Sb、PF6、AsF6、ClO4、NO3、CO3、CF3SO3、CF3COO、N(SO2F)2及びN(CF3SO2)2から選択される全固体二次電池用の正極が開示されている。 Patent Document 4 discloses a positive electrode for an all-solid-state secondary battery that includes a positive electrode active material represented by A2S.AX , where A is an alkali metal and X is selected from I , Br, Cl, F, BF4 , BH4 , SO4 , BO3, PO4 , O, Se, N, P, As, Sb, PF6 , AsF6 , ClO4 , NO3 , CO3 , CF3SO3 , CF3COO , N( SO2F ) 2 , and N( CF3SO2 ) 2 .
しかしながら、特許文献1~4に開示されている正極複合体及び負極複合体の製造方法は、まず固体電解質を合成し、その後、正極複合体または負極複合体を製造していた。特に、固体電解質の合成には長時間を要していたので、特許文献1~4に開示されている正極複合体及び負極複合体の製造方法は、量産性に乏しいという問題があった。However, in the manufacturing methods of the positive electrode composite and the negative electrode composite disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 4, a solid electrolyte is first synthesized, and then the positive electrode composite or the negative electrode composite is manufactured. In particular, since the synthesis of the solid electrolyte takes a long time, the manufacturing methods of the positive electrode composite and the negative electrode composite disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 4 have a problem of poor mass productivity.
本発明は、上記の事情を鑑みなされた発明であり、量産性に優れる全固体リチウムイオン電池用電極複合体の製造方法を提供することを目的とする。The present invention has been developed in consideration of the above circumstances, and aims to provide a method for manufacturing an electrode composite for all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries that is easy to mass-produce.
上記課題を解決するために、本発明は以下の手段を提案している。
(1)本発明の一態様に係る全固体リチウムイオン電池用電極複合体の製造方法は、電極活物質と、固体電解質原料と、導電材である炭素材料と、を含む、電極複合体原料を機械的エネルギーで複合化する。
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes the following means.
(1) A method for producing an electrode composite for an all-solid-state lithium-ion battery according to one aspect of the present invention comprises combining an electrode composite raw material, which includes an electrode active material, a solid electrolyte raw material, and a carbon material as a conductive material, with mechanical energy.
(2)上記(1)に記載の全固体リチウムイオン電池用電極複合体の製造方法は、前記炭素材料の比表面積が10m2/g以上であってもよい。 (2) In the method for producing an electrode composite for an all-solid-state lithium ion battery according to (1) above, the carbon material may have a specific surface area of 10 m 2 /g or more.
(3)上記(1)または(2)に記載の全固体リチウムイオン電池用電極複合体の製造方法は、前記炭素材料の比表面積が1000m2/g以上であってもよい。 (3) In the method for producing an electrode composite for an all-solid-state lithium ion battery according to (1) or (2) above, the carbon material may have a specific surface area of 1000 m 2 /g or more.
(4)上記(1)~(3)のいずれか1つに記載の全固体リチウムイオン電池用電極複合体の製造方法は、前記電極活物質が、正極活物質であってもよい。(4) In the method for manufacturing an electrode composite for an all-solid-state lithium ion battery described in any one of (1) to (3) above, the electrode active material may be a positive electrode active material.
(5)上記(4)に記載の全固体リチウムイオン電池用電極複合体の製造方法は、前記正極活物質が、第1のLi2Sであってもよい。 (5) In the method for producing an electrode composite for an all-solid-state lithium-ion battery according to (4) above, the positive electrode active material may be a first Li 2 S.
(6)上記(5)に記載の全固体リチウムイオン電池用電極複合体の製造方法は、前記固体電解質原料が第2のLi2SとP2S5とを含む、硫化物固体電解質原料であってもよい。 (6) In the method for producing an electrode composite for an all-solid-state lithium ion battery according to (5) above, the solid electrolyte raw material may be a sulfide solid electrolyte raw material containing a second Li 2 S and P 2 S5 .
(7)上記(6)に記載の全固体リチウムイオン電池用電極複合体の製造方法は、前記電極複合体原料において、前記第1のLi2Sおよび前記第2のLi2Sの合計と、P2S5と、前記炭素材料と、の重量比が30~80:10~50:3~20であってもよい。 (7) In the method for producing an electrode composite for an all-solid-state lithium-ion battery described in (6) above, in the electrode composite raw material, a weight ratio of the sum of the first Li 2 S and the second Li 2 S, P 2 S 5 , and the carbon material may be 30-80:10-50:3-20.
(8)上記(6)または(7)に記載の全固体リチウムイオン電池用電極複合体の製造方法は、前記電極複合体原料がさらにリチウム塩を含んでもよい。(8) In the method for producing an electrode composite for an all-solid-state lithium ion battery described in (6) or (7) above, the electrode composite raw material may further contain a lithium salt.
(9)上記(8)に記載の全固体リチウムイオン電池用電極複合体の製造方法は、前記リチウム塩が、酸化リチウム、窒化リチウム、フッ化リチウム、塩化リチウム、臭化リチウム、ヨウ化リチウム、硫酸リチウム、炭酸リチウム、ホウ酸リチウム、リン酸リチウム、硝酸リチウム、ケイ酸リチウム、アルミン酸リチウムからなる群から選択される1種以上であってもよい。(9) In the method for manufacturing an electrode composite for an all-solid-state lithium ion battery described in (8) above, the lithium salt may be one or more selected from the group consisting of lithium oxide, lithium nitride, lithium fluoride, lithium chloride, lithium bromide, lithium iodide, lithium sulfate, lithium carbonate, lithium borate, lithium phosphate, lithium nitrate, lithium silicate, and lithium aluminate.
(10)上記(8)または(9)に記載の全固体リチウムイオン電池用電極複合体の製造方法は、前記電極複合体原料において、前記第1のLi2Sおよび前記第2のLi2Sの合計と、前記P2S5と、前記炭素材料と、前記リチウム塩と、の重量比が30~80:10~40:3~20:5~30であってもよい。 (10) In the method for producing an electrode composite for an all-solid-state lithium ion battery according to (8) or (9) above, in the electrode composite raw material, a weight ratio of the sum of the first Li 2 S and the second Li 2 S, the P 2 S 5 , the carbon material, and the lithium salt may be 30-80:10-40:3-20:5-30.
(11)上記(5)に記載の全固体リチウムイオン電池用電極複合体の製造方法は、前記固体電解質原料として、酸化リチウム、窒化リチウム、フッ化リチウム、塩化リチウム、臭化リチウム、ヨウ化リチウム、硫酸リチウム、炭酸リチウム、ホウ酸リチウム、リン酸リチウム、硝酸リチウム、ケイ酸リチウム、アルミン酸リチウムからなる群から選択される2種以上を含んでもよい。(11) The method for manufacturing an electrode composite for an all-solid-state lithium ion battery described in (5) above may include, as the solid electrolyte raw material, two or more selected from the group consisting of lithium oxide, lithium nitride, lithium fluoride, lithium chloride, lithium bromide, lithium iodide, lithium sulfate, lithium carbonate, lithium borate, lithium phosphate, lithium nitrate, lithium silicate, and lithium aluminate.
(12)上記(11)に記載の全固体リチウムイオン電池用電極複合体の製造方法は、前記電極複合体原料において、前記第1のLi2Sと、前記固体電解質原料と、前記炭素材料と、の重量比が20~60:20~70:3~20であってもよい。 (12) In the method for producing an electrode composite for an all-solid-state lithium ion battery described in (11) above, in the electrode composite raw material, a weight ratio of the first Li 2 S, the solid electrolyte raw material, and the carbon material may be 20-60:20-70:3-20.
(13)上記(1)~(3)のいずれか1項に記載の全固体リチウムイオン電池用電極複合体の製造方法は、前記電極活物質が、負極活物質であってもよい。(13) In the method for manufacturing an electrode composite for an all-solid-state lithium ion battery described in any one of (1) to (3) above, the electrode active material may be a negative electrode active material.
(14)上記(13)に記載の全固体リチウムイオン電池用電極複合体の製造方法は、前記負極活物質が、SiおよびSi化合物の1種以上からなるSi系活物質であってもよい。(14) In the method for manufacturing an electrode composite for an all-solid-state lithium ion battery described in (13) above, the negative electrode active material may be a Si-based active material consisting of one or more types of Si and Si compounds.
(15)上記(14)に記載の全固体リチウムイオン電池用電極複合体の製造方法は、前記Si系活物質がSiであってもよい。(15) In the method for manufacturing an electrode composite for an all-solid-state lithium ion battery described in (14) above, the Si-based active material may be Si.
(16)上記(14)または(15)に記載の全固体リチウムイオン電池用電極複合体の製造方法は、前記固体電解質原料がLi2SとP2S5とを含む、硫化物固体電解質原料であってもよい。 (16) In the method for producing an electrode composite for an all-solid-state lithium ion battery according to (14) or (15) above, the solid electrolyte raw material may be a sulfide solid electrolyte raw material containing Li 2 S and P 2 S5 .
(17)上記(16)に記載の全固体リチウムイオン電池用電極複合体の製造方法は、前記電極複合体原料において、前記Si系活物質と、Li2Sと、P2S5と、前記炭素材料と、の重量比が20~70:10~30:10~40:3~20であってもよい。 (17) In the method for producing an electrode composite for an all-solid-state lithium ion battery described in (16) above, in the electrode composite raw material, a weight ratio of the Si-based active material, Li 2 S, P 2 S 5 , and the carbon material may be 20-70:10-30:10-40:3-20.
(18)上記(16)または(17)に記載の全固体リチウムイオン電池用電極複合体の製造方法は、前記電極複合体原料がさらにリチウム塩を含んでもよい。(18) In the method for producing an electrode composite for an all-solid-state lithium ion battery described in (16) or (17) above, the electrode composite raw material may further contain a lithium salt.
(19)上記(18)に記載の全固体リチウムイオン電池用電極複合体の製造方法は、前記リチウム塩が、酸化リチウム、窒化リチウム、フッ化リチウム、塩化リチウム、臭化リチウム、ヨウ化リチウム、硫酸リチウム、炭酸リチウム、ホウ酸リチウム、リン酸リチウム、硝酸リチウム、ケイ酸リチウム、アルミン酸リチウムからなる群から選択される1種以上であってもよい。(19) In the method for producing an electrode composite for an all-solid-state lithium ion battery described in (18) above, the lithium salt may be one or more selected from the group consisting of lithium oxide, lithium nitride, lithium fluoride, lithium chloride, lithium bromide, lithium iodide, lithium sulfate, lithium carbonate, lithium borate, lithium phosphate, lithium nitrate, lithium silicate, and lithium aluminate.
(20)上記(18)または(19)に記載の全固体リチウムイオン電池用電極複合体の製造方法は、前記電極複合体原料において、前記Si系活物質と、Li2Sと、P2S5と、前記炭素材料と、前記リチウム塩と、の重量比が20~70:10~30:10~40:3~20:5~30であってもよい。 (20) In the method for producing an electrode composite for an all-solid-state lithium ion battery according to (18) or (19) above, in the electrode composite raw material, a weight ratio of the Si-based active material, Li 2 S, P 2 S 5 , the carbon material, and the lithium salt may be 20 to 70: 10 to 30: 10 to 40: 3 to 20: 5 to 30.
(21)上記(14)または(15)に記載の全固体リチウムイオン電池用電極複合体の製造方法は、前記固体電解質原料として、酸化リチウム、窒化リチウム、フッ化リチウム、塩化リチウム、臭化リチウム、ヨウ化リチウム、硫酸リチウム、炭酸リチウム、ホウ酸リチウム、リン酸リチウム、硝酸リチウム、ケイ酸リチウム、アルミン酸リチウムのうち、少なくとも2種類を含んでもよい。(21) The method for manufacturing an electrode composite for an all-solid-state lithium ion battery described in (14) or (15) above may include at least two of lithium oxide, lithium nitride, lithium fluoride, lithium chloride, lithium bromide, lithium iodide, lithium sulfate, lithium carbonate, lithium borate, lithium phosphate, lithium nitrate, lithium silicate, and lithium aluminate as the solid electrolyte raw material.
(22)上記(21)に記載の全固体リチウムイオン電池用電極複合体の製造方法は、前記電極複合体原料において、前記Si系活物質と、前記固体電解質原料と、前記炭素材料と、の重量比が10~60:20~80:3~20であってもよい。(22) In the method for manufacturing an electrode composite for an all-solid-state lithium ion battery described in (21) above, the weight ratio of the Si-based active material, the solid electrolyte raw material, and the carbon material in the electrode composite raw material may be 10-60:20-80:3-20.
本発明の上記態様によれば、量産性に優れる全固体リチウムイオン電池用電極複合体の製造方法を提供することができる。According to the above aspect of the present invention, a method for manufacturing an electrode composite for an all-solid-state lithium ion battery that is excellent in mass productivity can be provided.
本発明者らは、電極活物質と、固体電解質原料と、導電材である炭素材料と、を含む、電極複合体原料を機械的エネルギーで、複合化することによって、1工程で全固体リチウムイオン電池用電極複合体を製造できることを見出し、本発明を完成した。なお、本明細書で、「機械的エネルギーで複合化する」とは、機械的エネルギーで固体電解質原料から固体電解質を合成し、かつ、合成された固体電解質中に電極活物質と、炭素材料とを、分散させる」ことをいう。固体電解質を合成できているかどうかは、XPSによる固体電解質原料ピークの消失またはDSCにて固体電解質原料以外の発熱ピークの出現により判断できる。合成された固体電解質がアモルファスになっていることが好ましい。固体電解質がアモルファスになっているかどうかはXRDにて活物質以外の原料の回折ピークの消失によって確認できる。以下、本発明の各実施形態について説明する。The inventors have found that an electrode composite for an all-solid-state lithium-ion battery can be manufactured in one step by compounding an electrode composite raw material containing an electrode active material, a solid electrolyte raw material, and a carbon material as a conductive material with mechanical energy, and have completed the present invention. In this specification, "compounding with mechanical energy" means "synthesizing a solid electrolyte from a solid electrolyte raw material with mechanical energy, and dispersing an electrode active material and a carbon material in the synthesized solid electrolyte." Whether or not a solid electrolyte has been synthesized can be determined by the disappearance of the solid electrolyte raw material peak by XPS or the appearance of an exothermic peak other than the solid electrolyte raw material by DSC. It is preferable that the synthesized solid electrolyte is amorphous. Whether or not the solid electrolyte is amorphous can be confirmed by the disappearance of the diffraction peak of raw materials other than the active material by XRD. Each embodiment of the present invention will be described below.
<第1実施形態>
第1実施形態の全固体リチウムイオン電池用電極複合体の製造方法は、電極活物質である正極活物質と、固体電解質原料である硫化物固体電解質原料と、炭素材料と、を含む電極複合体原料を機械的エネルギーで複合化する。以下、各要件について説明する。
First Embodiment
In the manufacturing method of the electrode composite for an all-solid-state lithium ion battery according to the first embodiment, an electrode composite raw material including a positive electrode active material which is an electrode active material, a sulfide solid electrolyte raw material which is a solid electrolyte raw material, and a carbon material is combined by mechanical energy. Each requirement will be described below.
[電極複合体原料]
第1実施形態の全固体リチウムイオン電池用電極複合体の製造方法に用いられる電極複合体原料は、正極活物質と、硫化物固体電解質原料と、炭素材料と、を含む。固体電解質原料である硫化物固体電解質原料を用いることで、電極複合体の導電性を改善することができる。
[Electrode composite raw materials]
The electrode composite raw material used in the manufacturing method for an electrode composite for an all-solid-state lithium ion battery according to the first embodiment includes a positive electrode active material, a sulfide solid electrolyte raw material, and a carbon material. By using the sulfide solid electrolyte raw material, which is a solid electrolyte raw material, the electrical conductivity of the electrode composite can be improved.
(正極活物質)
正極活物質は、機械的エネルギーで他の材料と複合化する際に、活物質の機能を失わないのであれば、特に限定されない。正極活物質としては、例えば、Li2Sが挙げられる。L2Sは、従来のリチウム遷移金属酸化物と比較して大きな理論容量を有することから、エネルギー密度の飛躍的な向上するので好ましい。また、正極活物質がLi2Sである場合、Li2Sがリチウム源を有することから、負極活物質がリチウム源を有する必要が無い。そのため、正極活物質にLi2Sを用いることで、製造時に不安定なリチウム金属やリチウム金属合金を用いなくてもよくなり、製造面が改善される。また、Li2Sを用いることで、活物質の特性を維持しつつ、合成された硫化物固体電解質に、均一に分散しやすい。そのため、正極活物質としては、Li2S(第1のLi2Sと称する場合がある)が好ましい。
(Positive Electrode Active Material)
The positive electrode active material is not particularly limited as long as it does not lose the function of the active material when it is combined with other materials by mechanical energy. For example, Li 2 S can be mentioned as a positive electrode active material. Since L 2 S has a large theoretical capacity compared to conventional lithium transition metal oxides, it is preferable because it dramatically improves the energy density. In addition, when the positive electrode active material is Li 2 S, since Li 2 S has a lithium source, it is not necessary for the negative electrode active material to have a lithium source. Therefore, by using Li 2 S as the positive electrode active material, it is not necessary to use unstable lithium metal or lithium metal alloy during production, and the manufacturing aspect is improved. In addition, by using Li 2 S , it is easy to uniformly disperse in the synthesized sulfide solid electrolyte while maintaining the characteristics of the active material. Therefore, Li 2 S (sometimes referred to as first Li 2 S) is preferable as the positive electrode active material.
(硫化物固体電解質原料)
硫化物固体電解質原料は、機械的エネルギーで複合化することで、硫化物固体電解質原料の一部が少なくともアモルファスの硫化物固体電解質になるのであれば、特に限定されない。硫化物固体電解質原料としては、Li2S、P2S5、SiS2、GeS2、Al2S3、ZnS、As2S3、Sb2S3、WS2、CuSなどが挙げられる。硫化物固体電解質原料は、Li2S(以下、第2のLi2Sと称する場合がある)とP2S5(第1のP2S5と称する場合がある)とを含むことが好ましい。硫化物固体電解質原料が第2のLi2SとP2S5とを含むことで、機械的エネルギーによって、アモルファスであり、変形性に優れ、良好な硫化物固体電解質を得ることができる。第2のLi2SとP2S5とから、硫化物固体電解質を合成する場合、P2S5の量で、電極活物質として機能する第1のLi2Sと固体電解質の合成に用いられる第2のLi2Sとの比が決まる。
(Sulfide solid electrolyte raw material)
The sulfide solid electrolyte raw material is not particularly limited as long as at least a part of the sulfide solid electrolyte raw material becomes an amorphous sulfide solid electrolyte by being composited with mechanical energy. , Li 2 S, P 2 S 5 , SiS 2 , GeS 2 , Al 2 S 3 , ZnS, As 2 S 3 , Sb 2 S 3 , WS 2 , CuS, etc. The sulfide solid electrolyte raw material is Li It is preferable that the sulfide solid electrolyte raw material contains Li 2 S (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as second Li 2 S) and P 2 S 5 (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as first P 2 S 5 ). By containing Li 2 S and P 2 S 5 , it is possible to obtain a good sulfide solid electrolyte that is amorphous and has excellent deformability by mechanical energy. When synthesizing a sulfide solid electrolyte from the second Li 2 S and P 2 S 5 , the amount of the first Li 2 S functioning as an electrode active material and the amount of the solid electrolyte used in the synthesis of the solid electrolyte are 5 . The ratio of the first Li 2 S to the second Li 2 S to be added is determined.
(炭素材料)
炭素材料は、正極活物質の電気伝導性を補う。炭素材料は導電材として機能するのであれば、特に限定されない。また、炭素材料は、固体電解質の合成を促進する機能を有する。炭素材料としては、アセチレンブラック、カーボンナノチューブ、活性炭、グラフェン、ファーネスブラック(例えば、中空シェル構造を有するファーネスブラック)、炭素繊維等が挙げられる。炭素材料は、これらのうち1種または2種以上を含んでもよい。中空シェル構造を有するファーネスブラックとは、導電性ファーネスブラックの一種であり、空隙率は60~80%程度の中空シェル状の構造を持つものをいう。ここで「中空シェル構造」とは、黒鉛結晶が薄く寄り集まって粒子形態の外殻を形成し、外殻の内側に空隙を有する構造をいう。中空シェル構造を有するファーネスブラックとしては、例えば、ケッチェンブラック(ライオン社製)等が挙げられる。
(Carbon materials)
The carbon material supplements the electrical conductivity of the positive electrode active material. The carbon material is not particularly limited as long as it functions as a conductive material. The carbon material also has a function of promoting the synthesis of a solid electrolyte. Examples of the carbon material include acetylene black, carbon nanotubes, activated carbon, graphene, furnace black (for example, furnace black having a hollow shell structure), carbon fiber, and the like. The carbon material may contain one or more of these. The furnace black having a hollow shell structure is a type of conductive furnace black, and has a hollow shell-like structure with a porosity of about 60 to 80%. Here, the "hollow shell structure" refers to a structure in which graphite crystals are thinly gathered together to form a particle-shaped outer shell, and the inside of the outer shell has voids. Examples of the furnace black having a hollow shell structure include Ketjen Black (manufactured by Lion Corporation).
導電率が低い炭素材料(低導電率炭素材料)を用いた場合に、当該炭素材料よりも高い導電率の炭素材料(高導電率炭素材料)とを組み合わせることで、電極複合体の電子伝導性が改善することができる。これによって、電極複合体の充放電容量をさらに向上させることができる。なお、低導電率炭素材料は、活性炭である。高導電率炭素材料は、アセチレンブラック、ケッチェンブラック、カーボンナノチューブ、グラフェンからなる群から選択される1種以上である。低導電率炭素材料と高導電率炭素材料との重量比は、低導電率炭素材料:高導電率炭素材料=10:0~5:5であることが好ましい。When a carbon material with low conductivity (low conductivity carbon material) is used, the electronic conductivity of the electrode composite can be improved by combining it with a carbon material with higher conductivity (high conductivity carbon material). This can further improve the charge/discharge capacity of the electrode composite. The low conductivity carbon material is activated carbon. The high conductivity carbon material is one or more selected from the group consisting of acetylene black, ketjen black, carbon nanotubes, and graphene. The weight ratio of the low conductivity carbon material to the high conductivity carbon material is preferably low conductivity carbon material:high conductivity carbon material = 10:0 to 5:5.
炭素材料の比表面積は、10m2/g以上が好ましい。より好ましい炭素材料の比表面積は、100m2/g以上である。さらに好ましい炭素材料の比表面積は、1000m2/g以上である。特に好ましい炭素材料の比表面積は、1500m2/g以上である。比表面積が10m2/g未満であると、正極活物質と炭素材料との接点を十分に増加させることができないため、充放電容量を向上させる効果を充分に享受することができない傾向がある。比表面積の上限は特に限定されないが、通常6000m2/g以下である。 The specific surface area of the carbon material is preferably 10 m 2 /g or more. The more preferred specific surface area of the carbon material is 100 m 2 /g or more. The even more preferred specific surface area of the carbon material is 1000 m 2 /g or more. The particularly preferred specific surface area of the carbon material is 1500 m 2 /g or more. If the specific surface area is less than 10 m 2 /g, the contact points between the positive electrode active material and the carbon material cannot be sufficiently increased, and therefore the effect of improving the charge/discharge capacity tends not to be fully enjoyed. The upper limit of the specific surface area is not particularly limited, but is usually 6000 m 2 /g or less.
本明細書において、炭素材料の比表面積は、Brenauer-Emmet-Telle(BET)法により求めたBET比表面積をいい、具体的には、炭素材料を液体窒素温度下において、炭素材料に窒素ガスを吸着して得られる窒素吸着等温線を用いて求めた比表面積をいう。BET比表面積を求めるための測定装置としては、例えば、自動比表面積/細孔分布測定装置(日本ベル株式会社製、BELSORP-mini II)を用いることができる。In this specification, the specific surface area of a carbon material refers to the BET specific surface area determined by the Brenauer-Emmet-Telle (BET) method, specifically, the specific surface area determined using a nitrogen adsorption isotherm obtained by adsorbing nitrogen gas to a carbon material at liquid nitrogen temperature. As a measuring device for determining the BET specific surface area, for example, an automatic specific surface area/pore distribution measuring device (BELSORP-mini II, manufactured by BEL Japan Co., Ltd.) can be used.
(リチウム塩)
第1実施形態の電極複合体原料は、正極活物質、硫化物固体電解質原料、炭素材料に加えて、更にリチウム塩を含有してもよい。リチウム塩は、硫化物固体電解質の導電率を向上する機能や、硫化物固体電解質の柔軟性を向上する機能を有する。リチウム塩は、硫化物固体電解質の導電率を向上する機能または硫化物固体電解質の柔軟性を向上する機能を有するのであれば、特に限定されない。例えば、リチウム塩としては、酸化リチウム、窒化リチウム、フッ化リチウム、塩化リチウム、臭化リチウム、ヨウ化リチウム、硫酸リチウム、炭酸リチウム、ホウ酸リチウム、リン酸リチウム、硝酸リチウム、ケイ酸リチウム、アルミン酸リチウムからなる群から選択される1種以上であることが好ましい。
(Lithium salt)
The electrode composite raw material of the first embodiment may further contain a lithium salt in addition to the positive electrode active material, the sulfide solid electrolyte raw material, and the carbon material. The lithium salt has a function of improving the conductivity of the sulfide solid electrolyte and a function of improving the flexibility of the sulfide solid electrolyte. The lithium salt is not particularly limited as long as it has a function of improving the conductivity of the sulfide solid electrolyte or a function of improving the flexibility of the sulfide solid electrolyte. For example, the lithium salt is preferably one or more selected from the group consisting of lithium oxide, lithium nitride, lithium fluoride, lithium chloride, lithium bromide, lithium iodide, lithium sulfate, lithium carbonate, lithium borate, lithium phosphate, lithium nitrate, lithium silicate, and lithium aluminate.
(その他成分)
第1実施形態の電極複合体原料は、さらに、バインダー、溶媒、イオン伝導性物質等の任意成分を含有してもよい。
(Other ingredients)
The electrode composite raw material of the first embodiment may further contain optional components such as a binder, a solvent, and an ion-conductive material.
「バインダー」
バインダーとしては、特に限定されないが、熱可塑性樹脂や熱硬化性樹脂等を用いることができる。バインダーとしては、例えば、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)、スチレンブタジエンゴム、テトラフルオロエチレン-ヘキサフルオロエチレン共重合体、テトラフルオロエチレン-ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体(FEP)、テトラフルオロエチレン-パーフルオロアルキルビニルエーテル共重合体(PFA)、フッ化ビニリデン-ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体、フッ化ビニリデン-クロロトリフルオロエチレン共重合体、エチレン-テトラフルオロエチレン共重合体(ETFE樹脂)、ポリクロロトリフルオロエチレン(PCTFE)、フッ化ビニリデン-ペンタフルオロプロピレン共重合体、プロピレン-テトラフルオロエチレン共重合体、エチレン-クロロトリフルオロエチレン共重合体(ECTFE)、フッ化ビニリデン-ヘキサフルオロプロピレン-テトラフルオロエチレン共重合体、フッ化ビニリデン-パーフルオロメチルビニルエーテル-テトラフルオロエチレン共重合体、エチレン-アクリル酸共重合体、ポリアクリル酸、ポリアクリル酸ナトリウム、ポリアクリル酸リチウム、ポリメタクリル酸、ポリメタクリル酸ナトリウム、ポリメタクリル酸リチウム等が挙げられる。これらのバインダーは、単独で使用しても良いし、2種以上を併用してもよい。
"binder"
The binder is not particularly limited, and may be a thermoplastic resin, a thermosetting resin, etc. Examples of the binder include polyethylene, polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), styrene butadiene rubber, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoroethylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP), tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer (PFA), vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE resin), polychloro Examples of the binder include trifluoroethylene (PCTFE), vinylidene fluoride-pentafluoropropylene copolymer, propylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer (ECTFE), vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride-perfluoromethylvinyl ether-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, polyacrylic acid, sodium polyacrylate, lithium polyacrylate, polymethacrylic acid, sodium polymethacrylate, lithium polymethacrylate, etc. These binders may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
電極複合体原料が、バインダーを含む場合、その含有量は、特に限定されないが、電極複合体原料中0.01~10重量%であることが好ましい。When the electrode composite raw material contains a binder, its content is not particularly limited, but it is preferable that it be 0.01 to 10 weight % in the electrode composite raw material.
「溶媒」
溶媒を混合して得られた電極複合体を用いることで、電極複合体層を作製しやすくなる。溶媒は、電極複合体層を作製する際、乾燥により除去される。溶媒としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、N,N―ジメチルアミノプロピルアミン、ジエチレントリアミン等のアミン系溶媒、テトラヒドロフラン等のエーテル系溶媒、メチルエチルケトン等のケトン系溶媒、酢酸メチル等のエステル系溶媒、ジメチルアセトアミド、1-メチル-2-ピロリドン等のアミド系溶媒、トルエン、キシレン、n-ヘキサン、シクロヘキサン等の炭化水素系溶媒等が挙げられる。これらの溶媒は、単独で使用しても良いし、2種以上を併用しても良い。
"solvent"
By using an electrode composite obtained by mixing a solvent, it becomes easier to prepare an electrode composite layer. The solvent is removed by drying when preparing an electrode composite layer. The solvent is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include amine-based solvents such as N,N-dimethylaminopropylamine and diethylenetriamine, ether-based solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, ketone-based solvents such as methyl ethyl ketone, ester-based solvents such as methyl acetate, amide-based solvents such as dimethylacetamide and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and hydrocarbon-based solvents such as toluene, xylene, n-hexane, and cyclohexane. These solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
電極複合体原料が上記溶媒を混合して得られたものである場合、その含有量は、特に限定されないが、電極複合体原料の固形分100重量部に対し10~10000重量部が好ましい。When the electrode composite raw material is obtained by mixing the above-mentioned solvent, the content is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 to 10,000 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the solid content of the electrode composite raw material.
「イオン伝導性物質」
電極複合体原料にはイオン伝導性物質を含んでもよい。イオン伝導性物質としては、特に制限されることはないが、室温におけるリチウムイオン伝導率は、10-5S/cm以上であるのが好ましく、10-4S/cm以上であるのがより好ましい。このような特性を有する結晶性酸化物固体電解質としては、例えばリチウムアルミニウムチタンリン酸化物(LATP)、リチウムアルミニウムゲルマニウムリン酸化物(LAGP)、リチウムランタンジルコニウム酸化物(LLZ)、リチウムランタンチタン酸化物(LLT)、リチウムゲルマニウムリン硫化物(LGPS)、リチウムケイ素硫化物(LSS)、リチウムリンハロゲン硫化物(LPSX)、リチウムホウ素炭素水素化物などが挙げられる。
"Ion-conducting materials"
The electrode composite raw material may contain an ion conductive material. The ion conductive material is not particularly limited, but the lithium ion conductivity at room temperature is preferably 10 −5 S/cm or more, more preferably 10 −4 S/cm or more. Examples of crystalline oxide solid electrolytes having such characteristics include lithium aluminum titanium phosphate (LATP), lithium aluminum germanium phosphate (LAGP), lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide (LLZ), lithium lanthanum titanium oxide (LLT), lithium germanium phosphorus sulfide (LGPS), lithium silicon sulfide (LSS), lithium phosphorus halogen sulfide (LPSX), and lithium boron carbon hydride.
(重量比)
第1実施形態の正極活物質が第1のLi2Sであり、硫化物固体電解質原料が第2のLi2SおよびP2S5である場合に、電極複合体原料中の第1のLi2Sおよび第2のLi2Sの合計と、P2S5と、炭素材料と、の重量比(第1のLi2Sおよび第2のLi2Sの合計:P2S5:炭素材料)が30~80:10~50:3~20であることが好ましい。電極複合体原料中の第1のLi2Sおよび第2のLi2Sの合計と、P2S5と、炭素材料と、の重量比が30~80:10~50:3~20であると、電極複合体内のイオン伝導性と、電極活物質と固体電解質及び炭素材料との接点を十分に得ることができるため、電池特性が向上するので、好ましい。
(Weight ratio)
In the first embodiment, when the positive electrode active material is the first Li 2 S and the sulfide solid electrolyte raw material is the second Li 2 S and P 2 S 5 , the weight ratio of the sum of the first Li 2 S and the second Li 2 S in the electrode composite raw material, the P 2 S 5 , and the carbon material (the sum of the first Li 2 S and the second Li 2 S: P 2 S 5 : the carbon material) is preferably 30 to 80: 10 to 50: 3 to 20. When the weight ratio of the sum of the first Li 2 S and the second Li 2 S in the electrode composite raw material, the P 2 S 5 , and the carbon material is 30 to 80: 10 to 50: 3 to 20, the ion conductivity in the electrode composite and the contact points between the electrode active material, the solid electrolyte, and the carbon material can be sufficiently obtained, so that the battery characteristics are improved, which is preferable.
第1実施形態の正極活物質が第1のLi2Sであり、硫化物固体電解質原料が第2のLi2SおよびP2S5であり、さらに電極複合体原料がリチウム塩を含有する場合に、電極複合体原料中の第1のLi2Sおよび第2のLi2Sの合計と、P2S5と、炭素材料と、リチウム塩との重量比(第1のLi2Sおよび第2のLi2Sの合計:P2S5:炭素材料:リチウム塩)が30~80:10~40:3~20:5~30であることが好ましい。電極複合体原料中の第1のLi2Sおよび第2のLi2Sの合計と、P2S5と、炭素材料と、リチウム塩との重量比が30~80:10~40:3~20:5~30であると、より電極複合体の電池特性が向上するので好ましい。 In the first embodiment, when the positive electrode active material is the first Li 2 S, the sulfide solid electrolyte raw material is the second Li 2 S and P 2 S 5 , and the electrode composite raw material further contains a lithium salt, the weight ratio of the total of the first Li 2 S and the second Li 2 S in the electrode composite raw material, the P 2 S 5 , the carbon material, and the lithium salt (the total of the first Li 2 S and the second Li 2 S: P 2 S 5 : the carbon material: the lithium salt) is preferably 30 to 80: 10 to 40: 3 to 20: 5 to 30. When the weight ratio of the total of the first Li 2 S and the second Li 2 S in the electrode composite raw material, the P 2 S 5 , the carbon material, and the lithium salt is 30 to 80: 10 to 40: 3 to 20: 5 to 30, the battery characteristics of the electrode composite are further improved, which is preferable.
[機械的エネルギーによる複合化]
電極複合体原料を機械的エネルギーで複合化する方法は、例えば、遊星ボールミル、ニーダー、プラネタリミキサ、振動ミル、マグネッティックスターラ等を用いて電極複合体原料を複合化する方法が挙げられる。例えば、遊星ボールミルを用いる場合、電極複合体原料をジルコニアボールとともに370rpmで2時間混合することで本開示の電極複合体原料が得られる。電極複合体原料が複合化し、固体電解質が合成されたことは、X線光電子分光(XPS)において、固体電解質原料として用いた、P2S5の架橋Sに対応する165eV付近に見られるS 2p1/2ピークが消失していることで確認できる。固体電解質がアモルファスになっていることは、得られた電極複合体の粉末X線回折(XRD)において、電極活物質以外の回折ピークが消失していることにより確認できる。XRD,XPSなどの確認方法を用いることで、複合化時の条件を適宜調整することができる。
[Combination through mechanical energy]
Examples of the method of compounding the electrode composite raw material with mechanical energy include a method of compounding the electrode composite raw material using a planetary ball mill, a kneader, a planetary mixer, a vibration mill, a magnetic stirrer, or the like. For example, when using a planetary ball mill, the electrode composite raw material of the present disclosure is obtained by mixing the electrode composite raw material with zirconia balls at 370 rpm for 2 hours. It can be confirmed that the electrode composite raw material is compounded and a solid electrolyte is synthesized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) in which the S 2p1/2 peak observed at about 165 eV corresponding to the crosslinking S of P 2 S 5 used as the solid electrolyte raw material disappears. It can be confirmed that the solid electrolyte is amorphous in powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the obtained electrode composite by the disappearance of diffraction peaks other than the electrode active material. By using a confirmation method such as XRD or XPS, the conditions during compounding can be appropriately adjusted.
第1実施形態に係る全固体リチウムイオン電池用電極複合体の製造方法において、電極複合体原料を機械的エネルギーで複合化した後、加熱処理を行ってもよい。加熱処理を行うことで、電極活物質であるLi2Sと固体電解質原料、炭素材料及び/または第1のリチウム塩の接触界面を強固にすることができ、界面抵抗を低減することができる。複合化後の加熱処理は、特に限定されないが、例えば、アルゴン、窒素、空気等の雰囲気下、80~250℃、好ましくは100~200℃の条件で、1秒間~10時間行うことができる。複合化後の加熱処理は、公知の加熱装置を用いて行えばよく、具体的には、例えば、定温乾燥機、送風乾燥機、減圧乾燥機、赤外線乾燥機、電気炉、ガス置換炉、ホットプレート等を用いて行えばよい。 In the manufacturing method of the electrode composite for all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries according to the first embodiment, the electrode composite raw material may be composited by mechanical energy, and then a heat treatment may be performed. By performing the heat treatment, the contact interface between the electrode active material Li 2 S and the solid electrolyte raw material, the carbon material and/or the first lithium salt can be strengthened, and the interface resistance can be reduced. The heat treatment after the composite can be performed, for example, in an atmosphere of argon, nitrogen, air, or the like, at 80 to 250°C, preferably 100 to 200°C, for 1 second to 10 hours, without particular limitation. The heat treatment after the composite can be performed using a known heating device, and specifically, for example, a constant temperature dryer, a blower dryer, a reduced pressure dryer, an infrared dryer, an electric furnace, a gas replacement furnace, a hot plate, or the like.
[電極複合体]
第1実施形態に係る全固体リチウムイオン電池用電極複合体の製造方法で製造された電極複合体は、正極活物質と硫化物固体電解質と、炭素材料と、を含む。硫化物固体電解質がアモルファスであることが好ましい。硫化物固体電解質がアモルファスになっている場合、電極複合体の粉末X線回折(XRD)にて、電極活物質以外の回折ピークがないことで確認できる。硫化物固体電解質の生成は、電極複合体のX線光電子分光(XPS)にて、固体電解質原料として用いた、P2S5の架橋Sに対応する165eV付近に見られるS 2p1/2ピークが消失していることで、確認できる。XRDスペクトルは例えば、RIGAKU社製 SmartLab IIにて2θ範囲10~60°で測定することで得られる。XPSスペクトルは例えば、KRATOS ANALYTICAL社製 KRATOS Novaにて測定することができる。
[Electrode composite]
The electrode composite manufactured by the manufacturing method of the electrode composite for all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries according to the first embodiment includes a positive electrode active material, a sulfide solid electrolyte, and a carbon material. The sulfide solid electrolyte is preferably amorphous. When the sulfide solid electrolyte is amorphous, it can be confirmed by the absence of diffraction peaks other than those of the electrode active material in powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the electrode composite. The generation of the sulfide solid electrolyte can be confirmed by the disappearance of the S 2p1/2 peak seen near 165 eV corresponding to the crosslinking S of P 2 S 5 used as the solid electrolyte raw material in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of the electrode composite. The XRD spectrum can be obtained by, for example, measuring in the 2θ range of 10 to 60° using a SmartLab II manufactured by RIGAKU Corporation. The XPS spectrum can be measured, for example, using a KRATOS Nova manufactured by KRATOS ANALYTICAL.
<第2実施形態>
第2実施形態の全固体リチウムイオン電池用電極複合体の製造方法は、電極活物質である正極活物質と、固体電解質原料と、炭素材料と、を含む電極複合体原料を機械的エネルギーで複合化する。以下、各要件について説明する。
Second Embodiment
In the manufacturing method of the electrode composite for an all-solid-state lithium ion battery according to the second embodiment, an electrode composite raw material including a positive electrode active material as an electrode active material, a solid electrolyte raw material, and a carbon material is composited by mechanical energy. Each requirement will be described below.
[電極複合体原料]
第2実施形態の全固体リチウムイオン電池用電極複合体の製造方法に用いられる電極複合体原料は、正極活物質と、固体電解質原料と、炭素材料と、を含む。固体電解質原料を用いることで、電極複合体の安定性を改善することができる。
[Electrode composite raw materials]
The electrode composite raw material used in the manufacturing method of the electrode composite for an all-solid-state lithium ion battery according to the second embodiment includes a positive electrode active material, a solid electrolyte raw material, and a carbon material. By using the solid electrolyte raw material, the stability of the electrode composite can be improved.
(正極活物質)
正極活物質は、機械的エネルギーで他の材料と複合化する際に、活物質の機能を失わないのであれば、特に限定されない。正極活物質としては、例えば、L2Sが挙げられる。L2Sは、従来のリチウム遷移金属酸化物と比較して大きな理論容量を有することから、エネルギー密度の飛躍的な向上するので好ましい。また、正極活物質がLi2Sである場合、Li2Sがリチウム源を有することから、負極活物質がリチウム源を有する必要が無い。そのため、正極活物質にLi2Sを用いることで、製造時に不安定なリチウム金属やリチウム金属合金を用いなくてもよくなり、製造面が改善される。また、Li2Sを用いることで、活物質の特性を維持しつつ、合成された固体電解質に、均一に分散しやすい。そのため、正極活物質としては、Li2S(第1のLi2S)が好ましい。
(Positive Electrode Active Material)
The positive electrode active material is not particularly limited as long as it does not lose the function of the active material when it is combined with other materials by mechanical energy. For example, the positive electrode active material may be L 2 S. L 2 S has a large theoretical capacity compared to conventional lithium transition metal oxides, and is therefore preferable because it dramatically improves the energy density. In addition, when the positive electrode active material is Li 2 S, since Li 2 S has a lithium source, the negative electrode active material does not need to have a lithium source. Therefore, by using Li 2 S as the positive electrode active material, it is not necessary to use unstable lithium metal or lithium metal alloy during production, and the manufacturing aspect is improved. In addition, by using Li 2 S, it is easy to uniformly disperse in the synthesized solid electrolyte while maintaining the characteristics of the active material. Therefore, Li 2 S (first Li 2 S) is preferable as the positive electrode active material.
(固体電解質原料)
固体電解質原料は、機械的エネルギーで複合化することで、固体電解質原料から固体電解質を合成できるのであれば、特に限定されない。固体電解質原料としては、酸化リチウム(Li2O)、窒化リチウム、フッ化リチウム、塩化リチウム(LiCl)、臭化リチウム(LiBr)、ヨウ化リチウム(LiI)、硫酸リチウム(Li2SO4)、炭酸リチウム(Li2CO3)、ホウ酸リチウム、リン酸リチウム、硝酸リチウム、ケイ酸リチウム(Li4SiO4)、アルミン酸リチウムからなる群から選択される2種以上であることが好ましい。固体電解質原料は、Li2SO4、Li2CO3、LiCl、LiBr、LiI、Li2O、Li4SiO4が特に好ましい。これらを含むことで機械的エネルギーによって、アモルファスであり、変形性に優れ、良好な固体電解質を得ることができる。
(Solid electrolyte raw material)
The solid electrolyte raw material is not particularly limited as long as it can synthesize a solid electrolyte from the solid electrolyte raw material by compounding with mechanical energy. The solid electrolyte raw material is preferably two or more selected from the group consisting of lithium oxide (Li 2 O), lithium nitride, lithium fluoride, lithium chloride (LiCl), lithium bromide (LiBr), lithium iodide (LiI), lithium sulfate (Li 2 SO 4 ), lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ), lithium borate, lithium phosphate, lithium nitrate, lithium silicate (Li 4 SiO 4 ), and lithium aluminate. The solid electrolyte raw material is particularly preferably Li 2 SO 4 , Li 2 CO 3 , LiCl, LiBr, LiI, Li 2 O, or Li 4 SiO 4. By including these, a good solid electrolyte that is amorphous and has excellent deformability can be obtained by mechanical energy.
(炭素材料)
炭素材料は、正極活物質の電気伝導性を補う。炭素材料は導電材として機能するのであれば、特に限定されない。また、炭素材料は、固体電解質の合成を促進する機能を有する。炭素材料としては、アセチレンブラック、カーボンナノチューブ、活性炭、グラフェン、ファーネスブラック(例えば、中空シェル構造を有するファーネスブラック)、炭素繊維等が挙げられる。炭素材料は、これらのうち1種または2種以上を含んでもよい。中空シェル構造を有するファーネスブラックとしては、例えば、ケッチェンブラック(ライオン社製)等が挙げられる。低導電率炭素材料を用いた場合に、低導電率炭素材料と高導電率炭素材料とを組み合わせることで、電極複合体の電子伝導性が改善することができる。これによって、電極複合体の充放電容量をさらに向上させる。なお、低導電率炭素材料は、活性炭である。高導電率炭素材料は、アセチレンブラック、ケッチェンブラック、カーボンナノチューブ、グラフェンからなる群から選択される1種以上である。低導電率炭素材料と高導電率炭素材料との重量比は、低導電率炭素材料:高導電率炭素材料=10:0~5:5であることが好ましい。
(Carbon materials)
The carbon material supplements the electrical conductivity of the positive electrode active material. The carbon material is not particularly limited as long as it functions as a conductive material. The carbon material also has a function of promoting the synthesis of a solid electrolyte. Examples of the carbon material include acetylene black, carbon nanotubes, activated carbon, graphene, furnace black (for example, furnace black having a hollow shell structure), carbon fiber, and the like. The carbon material may contain one or more of these. Examples of furnace black having a hollow shell structure include Ketjen Black (manufactured by Lion Corporation). When a low-conductivity carbon material is used, the electronic conductivity of the electrode composite can be improved by combining a low-conductivity carbon material with a high-conductivity carbon material. This further improves the charge/discharge capacity of the electrode composite. The low-conductivity carbon material is activated carbon. The high-conductivity carbon material is one or more selected from the group consisting of acetylene black, Ketjen black, carbon nanotubes, and graphene. The weight ratio of the low-conductivity carbon material to the high-conductivity carbon material is preferably low-conductivity carbon material:high-conductivity carbon material=10:0 to 5:5.
炭素材料の比表面積は、10m2/g以上が好ましい。より好ましい炭素材料の比表面積は、100m2/g以上である。さらに好ましい炭素材料の比表面積は、1000m2/g以上である。さらに好ましい炭素材料の比表面積は、1500m2/g以上である。比表面積が10m2/g未満であると、正極活物質と炭素材料との接点を十分に増加させることができないため、充放電容量を向上させる効果を充分に享受することができない傾向がある。比表面積の上限は特に限定されないが、通常6000m2/g以下である。 The specific surface area of the carbon material is preferably 10 m 2 /g or more. The more preferred specific surface area of the carbon material is 100 m 2 /g or more. The even more preferred specific surface area of the carbon material is 1000 m 2 /g or more. The even more preferred specific surface area of the carbon material is 1500 m 2 /g or more. If the specific surface area is less than 10 m 2 /g, the contact points between the positive electrode active material and the carbon material cannot be sufficiently increased, and therefore the effect of improving the charge/discharge capacity tends not to be fully enjoyed. The upper limit of the specific surface area is not particularly limited, but is usually 6000 m 2 /g or less.
(その他成分)
第2実施形態の電極複合体原料は、さらに、バインダー、溶媒、イオン伝導性物質等の任意成分を含有してもよい。
(Other ingredients)
The electrode composite raw material of the second embodiment may further contain optional components such as a binder, a solvent, and an ion-conductive material.
(重量比)
第2実施形態の正極活物質が第1のLi2Sであり、固体電解質原料が酸化リチウム、窒化リチウム、フッ化リチウム、塩化リチウム、臭化リチウム、ヨウ化リチウム、硫酸リチウム、炭酸リチウム、ホウ酸リチウム、リン酸リチウム、硝酸リチウム、ケイ酸リチウム、アルミン酸リチウムからなる群から選択される2種以上である場合、第1のLi2Sと、固体電解質原料と、炭素材料と、の重量比(第1のLi2S:固体電解質原料:炭素材料)が20~60:20~70:3~20であることが好ましい。電極複合体原料中の固体電解質原料と、炭素材料と、の重量比が20~60:20~70:3~20であると、電極複合体内のイオン伝導性と、活物質と固体電解質及び炭素材料との接点を十分に得ることができるため、電池特性が向上するので、好ましい。上記の群から選択される2種以上から機械的エネルギーで複合化することで、少なくとも固体電解質原料の一部は、固体電解質となる。
(Weight ratio)
In the second embodiment, when the positive electrode active material is the first Li 2 S and the solid electrolyte raw material is two or more selected from the group consisting of lithium oxide, lithium nitride, lithium fluoride, lithium chloride, lithium bromide, lithium iodide, lithium sulfate, lithium carbonate, lithium borate, lithium phosphate, lithium nitrate, lithium silicate, and lithium aluminate, the weight ratio of the first Li 2 S, the solid electrolyte raw material, and the carbon material (first Li 2 S: solid electrolyte raw material: carbon material) is preferably 20 to 60: 20 to 70: 3 to 20. When the weight ratio of the solid electrolyte raw material in the electrode composite raw material and the carbon material is 20 to 60: 20 to 70: 3 to 20, the ion conductivity in the electrode composite and the contact points between the active material, the solid electrolyte, and the carbon material can be sufficiently obtained, so that the battery characteristics are improved, which is preferable. By compounding two or more selected from the above group with mechanical energy, at least a part of the solid electrolyte raw material becomes a solid electrolyte.
[機械的エネルギーによる複合化]
電極複合体原料を機械的エネルギーで複合化する方法は、第1実施形態と同様の方法が挙げられる。電極複合体原料が複合化し、固体電解質が合成されたことは、例えば、電極複合体のDSC測定を行い、発熱ピークの位置を確認することで、確認することができる。また、固体電解質がアモルファスであることは、得られた電極複合体のXRD測定を行い、電極活物質以外の固体電解質原料の回折ピークの消失により確認できる。XRD、DSCなどの確認方法を用い、複合化時の条件は適宜調整することができる。
[Combination through mechanical energy]
The method of compounding the electrode composite raw materials by mechanical energy may be the same as that of the first embodiment. The fact that the electrode composite raw materials are compounded and the solid electrolyte is synthesized can be confirmed, for example, by performing DSC measurement of the electrode composite and confirming the position of the exothermic peak. In addition, the fact that the solid electrolyte is amorphous can be confirmed by performing XRD measurement of the obtained electrode composite and the disappearance of the diffraction peaks of the solid electrolyte raw materials other than the electrode active material. The conditions during compounding can be appropriately adjusted using confirmation methods such as XRD and DSC.
第2実施形態に係る全固体リチウムイオン電池用電極複合体の製造方法において、電極複合体原料を機械的エネルギーで複合化した後、加熱処理を行ってもよい。加熱処理は、第1実施形態と同様の方法で行うことができる。In the manufacturing method of an electrode composite for an all-solid-state lithium-ion battery according to the second embodiment, the electrode composite raw material may be composited by mechanical energy and then subjected to a heat treatment. The heat treatment may be performed in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
[電極複合体]
第2実施形態に係る全固体リチウムイオン電池用電極複合体の製造方法で製造された電極複合体は、正極活物質と、固体電解質と、炭素材料と、を含む。固体電解質がアモルファスとなっていることが好ましい。
[Electrode composite]
The electrode composite manufactured by the manufacturing method of the electrode composite for an all-solid-state lithium ion battery according to the second embodiment includes a positive electrode active material, a solid electrolyte, and a carbon material. It is preferable that the solid electrolyte is amorphous.
電極複合体の固体電解質がアモルファスである場合、例えば、RIGAKU社製 SmartLab IIにて2θ範囲10~60°で測定して得られるXRDスペクトルにおいて、固体電解質原料の回折ピークが消失している。また、固体電解質は、示差走査熱量測定(DSC)測定で得られる曲線(DSC曲線)において、固体電解質原料とは異なる発熱ピークを400℃以下に有する。DSC曲線は示差走査熱量計(例えば、セイコーインスツルメンツ社製DSC6200)に設置し、温度範囲50℃~500℃、昇温速度5℃/分で測定を行うことで得られる。When the solid electrolyte of the electrode composite is amorphous, for example, in the XRD spectrum obtained by measurement in the 2θ range of 10 to 60° using a SmartLab II manufactured by RIGAKU Corporation, the diffraction peak of the solid electrolyte raw material disappears. In addition, in the curve (DSC curve) obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurement, the solid electrolyte has an exothermic peak at 400°C or less that is different from that of the solid electrolyte raw material. The DSC curve is obtained by installing a differential scanning calorimeter (for example, DSC6200 manufactured by Seiko Instruments Inc.) and performing measurements in the temperature range of 50°C to 500°C and at a heating rate of 5°C/min.
<第3実施形態>
第3実施形態の全固体リチウムイオン電池用電極複合体の製造方法は、電極活物質である負極活物質と、硫化物固体電解質原料と、炭素材料と、を含む電極複合体原料を機械的エネルギーで複合化する。以下、各要件について説明する。
Third Embodiment
In the manufacturing method of the electrode composite for an all-solid-state lithium ion battery according to the third embodiment, an electrode composite raw material including a negative electrode active material as an electrode active material, a sulfide solid electrolyte raw material, and a carbon material is composited by mechanical energy. Each requirement will be described below.
[電極複合体原料]
第3実施形態の全固体リチウムイオン電池用電極複合体の製造方法に用いられる電極複合体原料は、負極活物質と、硫化物固体電解質原料と、炭素材料と、を含む。硫化物固体電解質原料を用いることで、電極複合体の導電性を改善することができる。
[Electrode composite raw materials]
The electrode composite raw material used in the manufacturing method for an electrode composite for an all-solid-state lithium ion battery according to the third embodiment includes a negative electrode active material, a sulfide solid electrolyte raw material, and a carbon material. By using the sulfide solid electrolyte raw material, the electrical conductivity of the electrode composite can be improved.
(負極活物質)
負極活物質は、機械的エネルギーで他の材料と複合化する際に、活物質の機能を失わないのであれば、特に限定されない。負極活物質は、例えば、SiおよびSi化合物の1種からなるSi系活物質である。負極活物質がSi系活物質であれば、電極複合体原料を機械的エネルギーで複合化する際に、均一に硫化物固体電解質中に分散することができる。Si化合物としては、SiO、LiSi等が挙げられる。特にSi系活物質としては、従来の黒鉛と比較して、非常に大きな理論容量を有するのでSiが好ましい。
(Negative Electrode Active Material)
The negative electrode active material is not particularly limited as long as it does not lose its function when it is combined with other materials by mechanical energy. The negative electrode active material is, for example, a Si-based active material consisting of one of Si and Si compounds. If the negative electrode active material is a Si-based active material, it can be uniformly dispersed in the sulfide solid electrolyte when the electrode composite raw material is combined by mechanical energy. Examples of the Si compound include SiO and LiSi. In particular, as the Si-based active material, Si is preferable because it has a very large theoretical capacity compared to conventional graphite.
(硫化物固体電解質原料)
硫化物固体電解質原料は、機械的エネルギーで複合化することで、硫化物固体電解質原料から硫化物固体電解質を合成できるのであれば、特に限定されない。硫化物固体電解質原料としては、Li2S、P2S5、SiS2、GeS2、Al2S3、ZnS、As2S3、Sb2S3、WS2、CuSなどが挙げられる。硫化物固体電解質原料は、Li2SとP2S5とを含むことが好ましい。硫化物固体電解質原料がLi2SとP2S5とを含むことで、機械的エネルギーによって、アモルファスであり、変形性に優れ、良好な硫化物固体電解質を得ることができる。
(Sulfide solid electrolyte raw material)
The sulfide solid electrolyte raw material is not particularly limited as long as it can be compounded by mechanical energy to synthesize a sulfide solid electrolyte from the sulfide solid electrolyte raw material. Examples of the sulfide solid electrolyte raw material include Li 2 S, Examples of sulfide solid electrolyte raw materials include P2S5 , SiS2 , GeS2 , Al2S3 , ZnS , As2S3 , Sb2S3 , WS2 , and CuS . It is preferable that the sulfide solid electrolyte raw material contains Li 2 S and P 2 S 5. When the sulfide solid electrolyte raw material contains Li 2 S and P 2 S 5 , it is possible to obtain an amorphous, highly deformable, and excellent sulfide solid electrolyte by mechanical energy. can be obtained.
(炭素材料)
炭素材料は、負極活物質の電気伝導性を補う。炭素材料は導電材として機能するのであれば、特に限定されない。また、炭素材料は、固体電解質の合成を促進する機能を有する。炭素材料としては、アセチレンブラック、カーボンナノチューブ、活性炭、グラフェン、ファーネスブラック(例えば、中空シェル構造を有するファーネスブラック)、炭素繊維等が挙げられる。炭素材料は、これらのうち1種または2種以上を含んでもよい。中空シェル構造を有するファーネスブラックとしては、例えば、ケッチェンブラック(ライオン社製)等が挙げられる。低導電率炭素材料を用いた場合に、低導電率炭素材料と高導電率炭素材料とを組み合わせることで、電極複合体の電子伝導性が改善することができる。これによって、電極複合体の充放電容量をさらに向上させる。なお、低導電率炭素材料は、活性炭である。高導電率炭素材料は、アセチレンブラック、ケッチェンブラック、カーボンナノチューブ、グラフェンからなる群から選択される1種以上である。低導電率炭素材料と高導電率炭素材料との重量比は、低導電率炭素材料:高導電率炭素材料=10:0~5:5であることが好ましい。
(Carbon materials)
The carbon material supplements the electrical conductivity of the negative electrode active material. The carbon material is not particularly limited as long as it functions as a conductive material. The carbon material also has a function of promoting the synthesis of a solid electrolyte. Examples of the carbon material include acetylene black, carbon nanotubes, activated carbon, graphene, furnace black (for example, furnace black having a hollow shell structure), carbon fiber, and the like. The carbon material may contain one or more of these. Examples of furnace black having a hollow shell structure include Ketjen Black (manufactured by Lion Corporation). When a low-conductivity carbon material is used, the electronic conductivity of the electrode composite can be improved by combining a low-conductivity carbon material with a high-conductivity carbon material. This further improves the charge/discharge capacity of the electrode composite. The low-conductivity carbon material is activated carbon. The high-conductivity carbon material is one or more selected from the group consisting of acetylene black, Ketjen black, carbon nanotubes, and graphene. The weight ratio of the low-conductivity carbon material to the high-conductivity carbon material is preferably low-conductivity carbon material:high-conductivity carbon material=10:0 to 5:5.
炭素材料の比表面積は、10m2/g以上が好ましい。より好ましい炭素材料の比表面積は、100m2/g以上である。さらに好ましい炭素材料の比表面積は、1000m2/g以上である。特に好ましい炭素材料の比表面積は、1500m2/g以上である。比表面積が10m2/g未満であると、負極活物質と炭素材料との接点を十分に増加させることができないため、充放電容量を向上させる効果を充分に享受することができない傾向がある。比表面積の上限は特に限定されないが、通常6000m2/g以下である。 The specific surface area of the carbon material is preferably 10 m 2 /g or more. The more preferred specific surface area of the carbon material is 100 m 2 /g or more. The even more preferred specific surface area of the carbon material is 1000 m 2 /g or more. The particularly preferred specific surface area of the carbon material is 1500 m 2 /g or more. If the specific surface area is less than 10 m 2 /g, the contact points between the negative electrode active material and the carbon material cannot be sufficiently increased, and therefore the effect of improving the charge/discharge capacity tends not to be fully enjoyed. The upper limit of the specific surface area is not particularly limited, but is usually 6000 m 2 /g or less.
(リチウム塩)
第3実施形態の電極複合体原料は、負極活物質、硫化物固体電解質原料、炭素材料に加えて、更にリチウム塩(リチウム塩)を含有してもよい。リチウム塩は、硫化物固体電解質の導電率を向上する機能や、硫化物固体電解質の柔軟性を向上する機能を有する。リチウム塩は、硫化物固体電解質の導電率を向上する機能または硫化物固体電解質の柔軟性を向上する機能を有するのであれば、特に限定されない。例えば、リチウム塩としては、酸化リチウム、窒化リチウム、フッ化リチウム、塩化リチウム、臭化リチウム、ヨウ化リチウム、硫酸リチウム、炭酸リチウム、ホウ酸リチウム、リン酸リチウム、硝酸リチウム、ケイ酸リチウム、アルミン酸リチウムからなる群から選択される1種以上であることが好ましい。
(Lithium salt)
The electrode composite raw material of the third embodiment may further contain a lithium salt (lithium salt) in addition to the negative electrode active material, the sulfide solid electrolyte raw material, and the carbon material. The lithium salt has a function of improving the conductivity of the sulfide solid electrolyte and a function of improving the flexibility of the sulfide solid electrolyte. The lithium salt is not particularly limited as long as it has a function of improving the conductivity of the sulfide solid electrolyte or a function of improving the flexibility of the sulfide solid electrolyte. For example, the lithium salt is preferably one or more selected from the group consisting of lithium oxide, lithium nitride, lithium fluoride, lithium chloride, lithium bromide, lithium iodide, lithium sulfate, lithium carbonate, lithium borate, lithium phosphate, lithium nitrate, lithium silicate, and lithium aluminate.
(その他成分)
第3実施形態の電極複合体原料は、さらに、バインダー、溶媒、イオン伝導性物質等の任意成分を含有してもよい。
(Other ingredients)
The electrode composite raw material of the third embodiment may further contain optional components such as a binder, a solvent, and an ion-conductive material.
(重量比)
第3実施形態の負極活物質がSi系活物質であり、硫化物固体電解質原料がLi2SおよびP2S5である場合に、電極複合体原料中のSi系活物質と、Li2Sと、P2S5と、炭素材料と、の重量比(Si系活物質:Li2S:P2S5:炭素材料)が20~70:10~30:10~40:3~20であることが好ましい。電極複合体原料中のSi系活物質と、Li2Sと、P2S5と、炭素材料と、の重量比が20~70:10~30:10~40:3~20であると、電極複合体内のイオン伝導性と、活物質と固体電解質及び炭素材料との接点を十分に得ることができるため、電池特性が向上するので、好ましい。
(Weight ratio)
In the third embodiment, when the negative electrode active material is a Si-based active material and the sulfide solid electrolyte raw material is Li 2 S and P 2 S 5 , the weight ratio of the Si-based active material, Li 2 S, P 2 S 5 , and the carbon material in the electrode composite raw material (Si-based active material: Li 2 S: P 2 S 5 : carbon material) is preferably 20 to 70: 10 to 30: 10 to 40: 3 to 20. When the weight ratio of the Si-based active material, Li 2 S, P 2 S 5 , and the carbon material in the electrode composite raw material is 20 to 70: 10 to 30: 10 to 40: 3 to 20, the ion conductivity in the electrode composite and the contact points between the active material, the solid electrolyte, and the carbon material can be sufficiently obtained, which is preferable because the battery characteristics are improved.
第3実施形態の負極活物質がSi系活物質であり、硫化物固体電解質原料がLi2SおよびP2S5であり、さらに電極複合体原料がリチウム塩を含有する場合に、電極複合体原料中のSi系活物質と、Li2Sと、P2S5と、炭素材料と、リチウム塩との重量比(Si系活物質:Li2S:P2S5:炭素材料:リチウム塩)が20~70:10~30:10~40:3~20:5~30であることが好ましい。電極複合体原料中のSi系活物質と、Li2Sと、P2S5と、炭素材料と、リチウム塩との重量比が20~70:10~30:10~40:3~20:5~30であると、より電極複合体の電池特性が向上するので好ましい。 In the third embodiment, when the negative electrode active material is a Si-based active material, the sulfide solid electrolyte raw material is Li 2 S and P 2 S 5 , and the electrode composite raw material further contains a lithium salt, the weight ratio of the Si-based active material, Li 2 S, P 2 S 5 , the carbon material, and the lithium salt in the electrode composite raw material (Si-based active material: Li 2 S: P 2 S 5 : carbon material: lithium salt) is preferably 20 to 70: 10 to 30: 10 to 40: 3 to 20: 5 to 30. When the weight ratio of the Si-based active material, Li 2 S, P 2 S 5 , the carbon material, and the lithium salt in the electrode composite raw material is 20 to 70: 10 to 30: 10 to 40: 3 to 20: 5 to 30, the battery characteristics of the electrode composite are further improved, which is preferable.
[機械的エネルギーによる複合化]
電極複合体原料を機械的エネルギーで複合化は、第1実施形態と同様の方法で行うことができる。硫化物固体電解質の合成の確認は、第1実施形態と同様の方法で行うことができる。
[Combination through mechanical energy]
The electrode composite raw material can be composited by mechanical energy in the same manner as in the first embodiment. The synthesis of the sulfide solid electrolyte can be confirmed in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
第3実施形態に係る全固体リチウムイオン電池用電極複合体の製造方法において、電極複合体原料を機械的エネルギーで複合化した後、加熱処理を行ってもよい。加熱処理は、第1実施形態と同様の条件で行うことができる。In the manufacturing method of an electrode composite for an all-solid-state lithium ion battery according to the third embodiment, the electrode composite raw material may be composited by mechanical energy and then subjected to a heat treatment. The heat treatment may be performed under the same conditions as those in the first embodiment.
[電極複合体]
第3実施形態に係る全固体リチウムイオン電池用電極複合体の製造方法で製造された電極複合体は、負極活物質と、硫化物固体電解質と、炭素材料と、を含む。硫化物固体電解質の一部が少なくともアモルファスであることが好ましい。
[Electrode composite]
The electrode composite manufactured by the manufacturing method of the electrode composite for an all-solid-state lithium ion battery according to the third embodiment includes a negative electrode active material, a sulfide solid electrolyte, and a carbon material. It is preferable that at least a part of the sulfide solid electrolyte is amorphous.
硫化物固体電解質が生成されているかどうかは第1実施形態と同様に、XPSで確認できる。硫化物固体電解質がアモルファスになっているかどうかは、第1実施形態と同様にXRDで確認することができる。Whether or not a sulfide solid electrolyte is produced can be confirmed by XPS, as in the first embodiment. Whether or not the sulfide solid electrolyte is amorphous can be confirmed by XRD, as in the first embodiment.
<第4実施形態>
第4実施形態の全固体リチウムイオン電池用電極複合体の製造方法は、電極活物質である負極活物質と、固体電解質原料と、炭素材料と、を含む電極複合体原料を機械的エネルギーで複合化する。以下、各要件について説明する。
Fourth Embodiment
In the manufacturing method of the electrode composite for an all-solid-state lithium ion battery according to the fourth embodiment, an electrode composite raw material including a negative electrode active material as an electrode active material, a solid electrolyte raw material, and a carbon material is composited by mechanical energy. Each requirement will be described below.
[電極複合体原料]
第4実施形態の全固体リチウムイオン電池用電極複合体の製造方法に用いられる電極複合体原料は、負極活物質と固体電解質原料と、炭素材料と、を含む。固体電解質原料を用いることで、電極複合体の安定性を改善することができる。
[Electrode composite raw materials]
The electrode composite raw material used in the manufacturing method for an electrode composite for an all-solid-state lithium ion battery according to the fourth embodiment includes a negative electrode active material, a solid electrolyte raw material, and a carbon material. By using the solid electrolyte raw material, the stability of the electrode composite can be improved.
負極活物質は、機械的エネルギーで他の材料と複合化する際に、活物質の機能を失わないのであれば、特に限定されない。負極活物質は、例えば、SiおよびSi化合物の1種からなるSi系活物質である。負極活物質がSi系活物質であれば、電極複合体原料を機械的エネルギーで複合化する際に、均一に固体電解質中に分散することができる。Si化合物としては、SiO、LiSiが挙げられる。特にSi系活物質としては、従来の黒鉛と比較して、非常に大きな理論容量を有するので特にSiが好ましい。The negative electrode active material is not particularly limited as long as it does not lose its function as an active material when it is combined with other materials by mechanical energy. The negative electrode active material is, for example, a Si-based active material consisting of one type of Si and a Si compound. If the negative electrode active material is a Si-based active material, it can be uniformly dispersed in the solid electrolyte when the electrode composite raw material is combined by mechanical energy. Examples of Si compounds include SiO and LiSi. In particular, as a Si-based active material, Si is particularly preferred because it has a very large theoretical capacity compared to conventional graphite.
(固体電解質原料)
固体電解質原料は、機械的エネルギーで複合化することで、固体電解質原料から固体電解質を合成できるのであれば、特に限定されない。固体電解質原料としては、酸化リチウム、窒化リチウム、フッ化リチウム、塩化リチウム、臭化リチウム、ヨウ化リチウム、硫酸リチウム(Li2SO4)、炭酸リチウム(Li2CO3)、ホウ酸リチウム、リン酸リチウム、硝酸リチウム、ケイ酸リチウム、アルミン酸リチウムからなる群から選択される2種以上であることが好ましい。固体電解質原料は、Li2SO4、Li2CO3、LiCl、LiBr、LiI、Li2O、Li4SiO4が特に好ましい。これらを含むことで機械的エネルギーによって、アモルファスであり、変形性に優れ、良好な固体電解質を得ることができる。
(Solid electrolyte raw material)
The solid electrolyte raw material is not particularly limited as long as it can synthesize a solid electrolyte from the solid electrolyte raw material by compounding with mechanical energy. The solid electrolyte raw material is preferably two or more selected from the group consisting of lithium oxide, lithium nitride, lithium fluoride, lithium chloride, lithium bromide, lithium iodide, lithium sulfate (Li 2 SO 4 ), lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ), lithium borate, lithium phosphate, lithium nitrate, lithium silicate, and lithium aluminate. The solid electrolyte raw material is particularly preferably Li 2 SO 4 , Li 2 CO 3 , LiCl, LiBr, LiI, Li 2 O, or Li 4 SiO 4. By including these, it is possible to obtain a good solid electrolyte that is amorphous and has excellent deformability by mechanical energy.
(炭素材料)
炭素材料は、負極活物質の電気伝導性を補う。炭素材料は導電材として機能するのであれば、特に限定されない。また、炭素材料は、固体電解質の合成を促進する機能を有する。炭素材料としては、アセチレンブラック、カーボンナノチューブ、活性炭、グラフェン、ファーネスブラック(例えば、中空シェル構造を有するファーネスブラック)、炭素繊維等が挙げられる。炭素材料は、これらのうち1種または2種以上を含んでもよい。中空シェル構造を有するファーネスブラックとしては、例えば、ケッチェンブラック(ライオン社製)等が挙げられる。低導電率炭素材料を用いた場合に、低導電率炭素材料と高導電率炭素材料とを組み合わせることで、電極複合体の電子伝導性が改善することができる。これによって、電極複合体の充放電容量をさらに向上させる。なお、低導電率炭素材料は、活性炭である。高導電率炭素材料は、アセチレンブラック、ケッチェンブラック、カーボンナノチューブ、グラフェンからなる群から選択される1種以上である。低導電率炭素材料と高導電率炭素材料との重量比は、低導電率炭素材料:高導電率炭素材料=10:0~5:5であることが好ましい。
(Carbon materials)
The carbon material supplements the electrical conductivity of the negative electrode active material. The carbon material is not particularly limited as long as it functions as a conductive material. The carbon material also has a function of promoting the synthesis of a solid electrolyte. Examples of the carbon material include acetylene black, carbon nanotubes, activated carbon, graphene, furnace black (for example, furnace black having a hollow shell structure), carbon fiber, and the like. The carbon material may contain one or more of these. Examples of furnace black having a hollow shell structure include Ketjen Black (manufactured by Lion Corporation). When a low-conductivity carbon material is used, the electronic conductivity of the electrode composite can be improved by combining a low-conductivity carbon material with a high-conductivity carbon material. This further improves the charge/discharge capacity of the electrode composite. The low-conductivity carbon material is activated carbon. The high-conductivity carbon material is one or more selected from the group consisting of acetylene black, Ketjen black, carbon nanotubes, and graphene. The weight ratio of the low-conductivity carbon material to the high-conductivity carbon material is preferably low-conductivity carbon material:high-conductivity carbon material=10:0 to 5:5.
炭素材料の比表面積は、10m2/g以上が好ましい。より好ましい炭素材料の比表面積は、100m2/g以上である。さらに好ましい炭素材料の比表面積は、1000m2/g以上である。特に好ましい炭素材料の比表面積は、1500m2/g以上である。比表面積が10m2/g未満であると、負極活物質と炭素材料との接点を十分に増加させることができないため、充放電容量を向上させる効果を充分に享受することができない傾向がある。比表面積の上限は特に限定されないが、通常6000m2/g以下である。 The specific surface area of the carbon material is preferably 10 m 2 /g or more. The more preferred specific surface area of the carbon material is 100 m 2 /g or more. The even more preferred specific surface area of the carbon material is 1000 m 2 /g or more. The particularly preferred specific surface area of the carbon material is 1500 m 2 /g or more. If the specific surface area is less than 10 m 2 /g, the contact points between the negative electrode active material and the carbon material cannot be sufficiently increased, and therefore the effect of improving the charge/discharge capacity tends not to be fully enjoyed. The upper limit of the specific surface area is not particularly limited, but is usually 6000 m 2 /g or less.
(その他成分)
第4実施形態の電極複合体原料は、さらに、バインダー、溶媒、イオン伝導性物質等の任意成分を含有してもよい。
(Other ingredients)
The electrode composite raw material of the fourth embodiment may further contain optional components such as a binder, a solvent, and an ion-conductive material.
(重量比)
第4実施形態の負極活物質がSi系活物質であり、固体電解質原料が酸化リチウム、窒化リチウム、フッ化リチウム、塩化リチウム、臭化リチウム、ヨウ化リチウム、硫酸リチウム、炭酸リチウム、ホウ酸リチウム、リン酸リチウム、硝酸リチウム、ケイ酸リチウム、アルミン酸リチウムからなる群から選択される2種以上である場合、Si系活物質と、固体電解質原料と、炭素材料と、の重量比(Si系活物質:固体電解質原料:炭素材料)が10~60:20~80:3~20であることが好ましい。電極複合体原料中のSi系活物質と、固体電解質原料と、炭素材料と、の重量比が10~60:20~80:3~20であると、電極複合体内のイオン伝導性と、活物質と固体電解質及び炭素材料との接点を十分に得ることができるため、電池特性が向上するので、好ましい。
(Weight ratio)
In the fourth embodiment, when the negative electrode active material is a Si-based active material and the solid electrolyte raw material is two or more selected from the group consisting of lithium oxide, lithium nitride, lithium fluoride, lithium chloride, lithium bromide, lithium iodide, lithium sulfate, lithium carbonate, lithium borate, lithium phosphate, lithium nitrate, lithium silicate, and lithium aluminate, the weight ratio of the Si-based active material, the solid electrolyte raw material, and the carbon material (Si-based active material: solid electrolyte raw material: carbon material) is preferably 10 to 60: 20 to 80: 3 to 20. When the weight ratio of the Si-based active material, the solid electrolyte raw material, and the carbon material in the electrode composite raw material is 10 to 60: 20 to 80: 3 to 20, the ion conductivity in the electrode composite and the contact points between the active material, the solid electrolyte, and the carbon material can be sufficiently obtained, which is preferable because the battery characteristics are improved.
[機械的エネルギーによる複合化]
電極複合体原料を機械的エネルギーで複合化する方法は、第1実施形態と同様の方法が挙げられる。電極複合体原料が複合化し、固体電解質が合成されたことは、例えば、電極複合体のDSC測定を行い、発熱ピークの位置を確認することで、確認することができる。また、固体電解質がアモルファスであることは、得られた電極複合体のXRD測定を行い、電極活物質以外の固体電解質原料の回折ピークの消失により確認できる。XRD、DSCなどの確認方法を用い、複合化時の条件は適宜調整することができる。
[Combination through mechanical energy]
The method of compounding the electrode composite raw materials by mechanical energy may be the same as that of the first embodiment. The fact that the electrode composite raw materials are compounded and the solid electrolyte is synthesized can be confirmed, for example, by performing DSC measurement of the electrode composite and confirming the position of the exothermic peak. In addition, the fact that the solid electrolyte is amorphous can be confirmed by performing XRD measurement of the obtained electrode composite and the disappearance of the diffraction peaks of the solid electrolyte raw materials other than the electrode active material. The conditions during compounding can be appropriately adjusted using confirmation methods such as XRD and DSC.
第4実施形態に係る全固体リチウムイオン電池用電極複合体の製造方法において、電極複合体原料を機械的エネルギーで複合化した後、加熱処理を行ってもよい。加熱処理は第1実施形態と同様の方法で行うことができる。In the manufacturing method of an electrode composite for an all-solid-state lithium-ion battery according to the fourth embodiment, the electrode composite raw material may be composited by mechanical energy and then subjected to a heat treatment. The heat treatment may be performed in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
[電極複合体]
第4実施形態に係る全固体リチウムイオン電池用電極複合体の製造方法で製造された電極複合体は、負極活物質と、固体電解質と、炭素材料と、を含む。固体電解質の一部がアモルファスとなっていることが好ましい。
[Electrode composite]
The electrode composite manufactured by the manufacturing method of the electrode composite for an all-solid-state lithium ion battery according to the fourth embodiment includes a negative electrode active material, a solid electrolyte, and a carbon material. It is preferable that a part of the solid electrolyte is amorphous.
固体電解質がアモルファスになっているかどうかは、第2実施形態と同様に、XRDまたはDSCで確認することができる。Whether the solid electrolyte is amorphous can be confirmed by XRD or DSC, as in the second embodiment.
以上、本開示の全固体リチウムイオン電池用電極複合体の製造方法について、詳述した。その他、本発明の趣旨に逸脱しない範囲で、上記実施形態における構成要素を周知の構成要素に置き換えることは適宜可能である。The above describes in detail the manufacturing method of the electrode composite for all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries disclosed herein. In addition, it is possible to appropriately replace the components in the above embodiment with well-known components without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
次に、本発明の実施例について説明するが、実施例での条件は、本発明の実施可能性及び効果を確認するために採用した一条件例であり、本発明は、この一条件例に限定されるものではない。本発明は、本発明の要旨を逸脱せず、本発明の目的を達成する限りにおいて、種々の条件を採用し得るものである。Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described. However, the conditions in the embodiment are merely an example of conditions adopted to confirm the feasibility and effects of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to this example of conditions. Various conditions may be adopted in the present invention as long as they do not deviate from the gist of the present invention and achieve the object of the present invention.
(正極複合体1)
電極複合体原料として、Li2S(三津和化学工業社製)とP2S5(シグマアルドリッチ社製)、活性炭A(MSC30、関西熱化学社製、比表面積3000m2/g)を重量比57:33:10となるようにLi2S:114mg、P2S5:66mg、活性炭:20mgを秤量した。遊星ボールミル(Frilsch社製Premium Line P-7)を用い、秤量した電極複合体原料を5mmのジルコニアボール約40gとともに45mlのポットに入れ、公転速度370rpmで2時間混合することにより、正極複合体1を得た。
(Positive electrode composite 1)
As electrode composite raw materials, Li 2 S (manufactured by Mitsuwa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), P 2 S 5 (manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich Co., Ltd.), and activated carbon A (MSC30, manufactured by Kansai Thermochemical Co., Ltd., specific surface area 3000 m 2 /g) were weighed out to a weight ratio of 57:33:10, with Li 2 S: 114 mg, P 2 S 5 : 66 mg, and activated carbon: 20 mg. Using a planetary ball mill (Premium Line P-7 manufactured by Frilsch Co., Ltd.), the weighed electrode composite raw material was placed in a 45 ml pot together with about 40 g of 5 mm zirconia balls, and mixed at a revolution speed of 370 rpm for 2 hours to obtain a positive electrode composite 1.
(正極複合体2)
Li2S:P2S5:LiI(シグマアルドリッチ社製):活性炭Aの重量比が50:30:10:10となるように、Li2S:100mg、P2S5:60mg、LiI:20mg、活性炭:20mgを用いたこと以外、正極複合体1と同様の処理を行い、正極複合体2を得た。
(Positive electrode composite 2)
Positive electrode composite 2 was obtained by performing the same process as positive electrode composite 1, except that 100 mg of Li 2 S, 60 mg of P 2 S 5 , 20 mg of LiI, and 20 mg of activated carbon were used so that the weight ratio of Li 2 S:P 2 S 5 :LiI (manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich):activated carbon A was 50:30:10:10.
(正極複合体3)
Li2S:P2S5:活性炭Aの重量比が65:25:10となるように、Li2S:130mg、P2S5:50mg、活性炭:20mgを用いたこと以外、正極複合体1と同様の処理を行い、正極複合体3を得た。
(Positive electrode composite 3)
Positive electrode composite 3 was obtained by the same treatment as in the positive electrode composite 1, except that 130 mg of Li 2 S , 50 mg of P 2 S 5 , and 20 mg of activated carbon were used so that the weight ratio of Li 2 S:P 2 S 5 :activated carbon A was 65:25:10.
(正極複合体4)
Li2S:P2S5:活性炭Aの重量比が70:20:10となるように、Li2S:140mg、P2S5:40mg、活性炭:20mgを用いたこと以外、正極複合体1と同様の処理を行い、正極複合体4を得た。
(Positive electrode composite 4)
Positive electrode composite 4 was obtained by the same treatment as in the positive electrode composite 1, except that 140 mg of Li 2 S , 40 mg of P 2 S 5 , and 20 mg of activated carbon were used so that the weight ratio of Li 2 S:P 2 S 5 :activated carbon A was 70:20:10.
(正極複合体5)
Li2S:P2S5:LiI:活性炭Aの重量比が60:20:10:10となるように、Li2S:120mg、P2S5:40mg、LiI:20mg、活性炭:20mgを用いたこと以外、正極複合体1と同様の処理を行い、正極複合体5を得た。
(Positive electrode composite 5)
Positive electrode composite 5 was obtained by performing the same process as positive electrode composite 1, except that 120 mg of Li 2 S, 40 mg of P 2 S 5 , 20 mg of LiI, and 20 mg of activated carbon were used so that the weight ratio of Li 2 S:P 2 S 5 :LiI:activated carbon A was 60:20:10:10.
(正極複合体6)
Li2S:P2S5:LiI:活性炭Aの重量比が65:20:5:10となるように、Li2S:130mg、P2S5:40mg、LiI:10mg、活性炭:20mgを用いたこと以外、正極複合体1と同様の処理を行い、正極複合体6を得た。
(Positive electrode composite 6)
Positive electrode composite 6 was obtained by performing the same process as positive electrode composite 1, except that 130 mg of Li 2 S, 40 mg of P 2 S 5 , 10 mg of LiI, and 20 mg of activated carbon were used so that the weight ratio of Li 2 S:P 2 S 5 :LiI:activated carbon A was 65:20:5:10.
(正極複合体7)
Li2S:P2S5:活性炭Aの重量比が60:31:9となるように、Li2S:120mg、P2S5:62mg、活性炭:18mgを用いたこと以外、正極複合体1と同様の処理を行い、正極複合体7を得た。
(Positive electrode composite 7)
Positive electrode composite 7 was obtained by the same treatment as for positive electrode composite 1 , except that 120 mg of Li 2 S, 62 mg of P 2 S 5 , and 18 mg of activated carbon were used so that the weight ratio of Li 2 S:P 2 S 5 : activated carbon A was 60:31:9.
(正極複合体8)
Li2S:P2S5:活性炭Aの重量比が60:29:11となるように、Li2S:120mg、P2S5:58mg、活性炭:22mg用いたこと以外、正極複合体1と同様の処理を行い、正極複合体8を得た。
(Positive electrode composite 8)
Positive electrode composite 8 was obtained by the same treatment as in the positive electrode composite 1, except that 120 mg of Li 2 S , 58 mg of P 2 S 5 , and 22 mg of activated carbon were used so that the weight ratio of Li 2 S:P 2 S 5 :activated carbon A was 60:29:11.
(正極複合体9)
Li2S:P2S5:活性炭Aの重量比が60:33:7となるように、Li2S:120mg、P2S5:66mg、活性炭:14mg用いたこと以外、正極複合体1と同様の処理を行い、正極複合体9を得た。
(Positive electrode composite 9)
A positive electrode composite 9 was obtained in the same manner as in the positive electrode composite 1, except that 120 mg of Li 2 S, 66 mg of P 2 S 5 , and 14 mg of activated carbon were used so that the weight ratio of Li 2 S:P 2 S 5 :activated carbon A was 60:33:7.
(正極複合体10)
Li2S:P2S5:LiI:活性炭Aの重量比が60:10:25:5となるように、Li2S:120mg、P2S5:20mg、LiI:50mg、活性炭:10mgを用いたこと以外、正極複合体1と同様の処理を行い、正極複合体10を得た。
(Positive electrode composite 10)
A positive electrode composite 10 was obtained by performing the same process as for the positive electrode composite 1, except that 120 mg of Li 2 S, 20 mg of P 2 S 5 , 50 mg of LiI, and 10 mg of activated carbon were used so that the weight ratio of Li 2 S:P 2 S 5 :LiI:activated carbon A was 60:10:25:5.
(正極複合体11)
Li2S:P2S5:LiI:活性炭Aの重量比が60:10:20:10となるように、Li2S:120mg、P2S5:20mg、LiI:40mg、活性炭:20mgを用いたこと以外、正極複合体1と同様の処理を行い、正極複合体11を得た。
(Positive electrode composite 11)
A positive electrode composite 11 was obtained by performing the same process as for the positive electrode composite 1, except that 120 mg of Li 2 S, 20 mg of P 2 S 5 , 40 mg of LiI, and 20 mg of activated carbon were used so that the weight ratio of Li 2 S:P 2 S 5 :LiI:activated carbon A was 60:10:20:10.
(正極複合体12)
活性炭Aの代わりに活性炭B(MSA20、関西熱化学社製、比表面積2500m2/g)を用いたこと以外、正極複合体10と同様の処理を行い、正極複合体12を得た。
(Positive electrode composite 12)
A positive electrode composite 12 was obtained by carrying out the same treatment as for the positive electrode composite 10, except that activated carbon B (MSA20, manufactured by Kansai Thermochemical Industry Co., Ltd., specific surface area 2500 m 2 /g) was used instead of activated carbon A.
(正極複合体13)
活性炭Aの代わりにケッチェンブラック(EC600JD、ライオン社製、比表面積1200m2/g)を用いたこと以外、正極複合体10と同様の処理を行い、正極複合体13を得た。
(Positive electrode composite 13)
A positive electrode composite 13 was obtained by carrying out the same treatment as for the positive electrode composite 10, except that Ketjen black (EC600JD, manufactured by Lion Corporation, specific surface area 1200 m 2 /g) was used instead of the activated carbon A.
(正極複合体14)
活性炭Aの代わりにアセチレンブラック(Li-100、DENKA社製、比表面積100m2/g)を用いたこと以外、正極複合体10と同様の処理を行い、正極複合体14を得た。
(Positive electrode composite 14)
A positive electrode composite 14 was obtained by carrying out the same treatment as the positive electrode composite 10, except that acetylene black (Li-100, manufactured by DENKA Corporation, specific surface area 100 m 2 /g) was used instead of activated carbon A.
(正極複合体15)
Li2S:P2S5:活性炭Bの重量比が60:30:10となるように、Li2S:120mg、P2S5:60mg、活性炭:20mgを用いたこと以外、正極複合体1と同様の処理を行い、正極複合体15を得た。
(Positive electrode composite 15)
A positive electrode composite 15 was obtained by carrying out the same process as in the positive electrode composite 1, except that 120 mg of Li 2 S , 60 mg of P 2 S 5 , and 20 mg of activated carbon were used so that the weight ratio of Li 2 S:P 2 S 5 :activated carbon B was 60:30:10.
(正極複合体16)
LiIの代わりにLiBr(シグマアルドリッチ社製)を用いたこと以外、正極複合体11と同様の処理を行い、正極複合体16を得た。
(Positive electrode composite 16)
Positive electrode composite 16 was obtained by carrying out the same treatment as for positive electrode composite 11, except that LiBr (manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich) was used instead of LiI.
(正極複合体17)
Li2S:P2S5:LiI:活性炭Aの重量比が50:10:30:10となるように、Li2S:100mg、P2S5:20mg、LiI:60mg、活性炭:20mgを用いたこと以外、正極複合体1と同様の処理を行い、正極複合体17を得た。
(Positive electrode composite 17)
Positive electrode composite 17 was obtained by the same process as positive electrode composite 1, except that 100 mg of Li 2 S, 20 mg of P 2 S 5 , 60 mg of LiI, and 20 mg of activated carbon were used so that the weight ratio of Li 2 S:P 2 S 5 :LiI:activated carbon A was 50:10:30:10.
(正極複合体18)
Li2S:Li2SO4:Li2CO3:LiBr:活性炭Aの重量比が30:31.5:14.5:14:10となるように、Li2S:60mg、Li2SO4:63mg、Li2CO3:29mg、LiBr:28mg、活性炭:20mgを用いたこと以外、正極複合体1と同様の処理により、正極複合体18を得た。
(Positive electrode composite 18)
Positive electrode composite 18 was obtained by the same process as positive electrode composite 1, except that 60 mg of Li 2 S, 63 mg of Li 2 SO 4 , 29 mg of Li 2 CO 3 , 28 mg of LiBr, and 20 mg of activated carbon were used so that the weight ratio of Li 2 S:Li 2 SO 4:Li 2 CO 3 :LiBr:activated carbon A was 30:31.5:14.5:14:10.
(正極複合体19)
ボールミル処理時間を2時間から8時間に変更したこと以外、正極複合体18と同様の処理を行い、正極複合体19を得た。
(Positive electrode composite 19)
Positive electrode composite 19 was obtained by carrying out the same treatment as for positive electrode composite 18, except that the ball mill treatment time was changed from 2 hours to 8 hours.
(正極複合体20)
Li2S:Li2SO4:Li2CO3:LiI:活性炭Aの重量比が30:26:11.5:22.5:10となるように、Li2S:60mg、Li2SO4:52mg、Li2CO3:23mg、LiI:45mg、活性炭:20mgを用いたこと以外、正極複合体19と同様の処理により、正極複合体20を得た。
(Positive electrode composite 20)
Positive electrode composite 20 was obtained by the same process as positive electrode composite 19, except that 60 mg of Li 2 S, 52 mg of Li 2 SO 4 , 23 mg of Li 2 CO 3 , 45 mg of LiI, and 20 mg of activated carbon were used so that the weight ratio of Li 2 S:Li 2 SO 4:Li 2 CO 3 :LiI:activated carbon A was 30:26:11.5:22.5:10.
(正極複合体21)
Li2S:Li2O:LiI:活性炭Aの重量比が30:18.5:41.5:10となるように、Li2S:60mg、Li2O:37mg、LiI:83mg、活性炭:20mgを用いたこと以外、正極複合体19と同様の処理により、正極複合体21を得た。
(Positive electrode composite 21)
Positive electrode composite 21 was obtained by the same process as positive electrode composite 19, except that 60 mg of Li 2 S, 37 mg of Li 2 O, 83 mg of LiI, and 20 mg of activated carbon were used so that the weight ratio of Li 2 S:Li 2 O:LiI:activated carbon A was 30:18.5:41.5:10.
(正極複合体22)
Li2S:Li2SO4:Li2O:LiI:活性炭Aの重量比が30:29:5.5:25.5:10となるように、Li2S:60mg、Li2SO4:58mg、Li2O:11mg、LiI:51mg、活性炭:20mgを用いたこと以外、正極複合体19と同様の処理により、正極複合体22を得た。
(Positive electrode composite 22)
Positive electrode composite 22 was obtained by the same process as positive electrode composite 19, except that 60 mg of Li 2 S, 58 mg of Li 2 SO 4 , 11 mg of Li 2 O, 51 mg of LiI, and 20 mg of activated carbon were used so that the weight ratio of Li 2 S:Li 2 SO 4:Li 2 O:LiI:activated carbon A was 30:29:5.5:25.5:10.
(比較正極複合体1)
80Li2S-20P2S5をボールミルにて500rpm、10時間処理することで得た固体電解質1を用い、Li2S:固体電解質1:活性炭の重量比が50:40:10となるように、Li2S:100mg、固体電解質1:80mg、活性炭:20mgを用いたこと以外、正極複合体1と同様の処理を行い、比較正極複合体1を得た。
(Comparative Positive Electrode Composite 1)
A comparative positive electrode composite 1 was obtained by treating 80Li 2 S-20P 2 S 5 in a ball mill at 500 rpm for 10 hours using a solid electrolyte 1, and the same treatment as for the positive electrode composite 1 was performed except that 100 mg of Li 2 S, 80 mg of solid electrolyte 1, and 20 mg of activated carbon were used so that the weight ratio of Li 2 S:solid electrolyte 1:activated carbon was 50:40:10.
(比較正極複合体2)
60Li2S-40P2S5をボールミルにて500rpm、10時間処理することで得た固体電解質2を固体電解質1の代わりに用いたこと以外、比較正極複合体1と同様の処理を行い、比較正極複合体2を得た。
(Comparative Positive Electrode Composite 2)
Comparative positive electrode composite 2 was obtained by carrying out the same process as comparative positive electrode composite 1, except that solid electrolyte 2 obtained by treating 60Li 2 S-40P 2 S 5 in a ball mill at 500 rpm for 10 hours was used instead of solid electrolyte 1.
(比較正極複合体3)
45Li2SO4-30Li2CO3-25LiBrをボールミルにて370rpm、60時間処理することで得た固体電解質3を用い、Li2S:固体電解質3:活性炭の重量比が30:60:10となるように、Li2S:60mg、固体電解質3:120mg、活性炭:20mgを用いたこと以外、比較正極複合体1と同様の処理を行い、比較正極複合体3を得た。
(Comparative Positive Electrode Composite 3)
A solid electrolyte 3 obtained by treating 45Li 2 SO 4 -30Li 2 CO 3 -25LiBr in a ball mill at 370 rpm for 60 hours was used, and a comparative positive electrode composite 3 was obtained by carrying out the same process as in the comparative positive electrode composite 1, except that 60 mg of Li 2 S, 120 mg of solid electrolyte 3, and 20 mg of activated carbon were used so that the weight ratio of Li 2 S:solid electrolyte 3:activated carbon was 30:60:10.
(比較正極複合体4)
固体電解質3の代わりに45Li2SO4-30Li2CO3-30LiIをボールミルにて370rpm、60時間処理することで得た固体電解質4を用いたこと以外、比較正極複合体3と同様の処理を行い、比較正極複合体4を得た。
(Comparative Positive Electrode Composite 4)
Comparative positive electrode composite 4 was obtained by carrying out the same process as in comparative positive electrode composite 3, except that solid electrolyte 4 obtained by treating 45Li 2 SO 4 -30Li 2 CO 3 -30LiI in a ball mill at 370 rpm for 60 hours was used instead of solid electrolyte 3.
(負極複合体1)
Si(ニラコ社製 純度99.999%):Li2S:P2S5:LiI:活性炭Aの重量比が50:9:14:17:10となるように、Si:100mg、Li2S:18mg、P2S5:28mg、LiI:34mg、活性炭:20mgを用いたこと以外、正極複合体1と同様の処理を行い、負極複合体1を得た。
(Negative electrode composite 1)
A negative electrode composite 1 was obtained by carrying out the same process as for positive electrode composite 1, except that 100 mg of Si, 18 mg of Li 2 S, 28 mg of P 2 S 5 , 34 mg of LiI, and 20 mg of activated carbon were used so that the weight ratio of Si (manufactured by Nilaco Corporation, purity 99.999%):Li 2 S:P 2 S 5 :LiI:activated carbon A was 50:9:14:17:10.
(負極複合体2)
Si:Li2S:P2S5:LiI:活性炭Aの重量比が50:8.5:14:16.5:11となるように、Si:100mg、Li2S:17mg、P2S5:28mg、LiI:33mg、活性炭:22mgを用いたこと以外、正極複合体1と同様の処理を行い、負極複合体2を得た。
(Negative electrode composite 2)
A negative electrode composite 2 was obtained by carrying out the same process as for the positive electrode composite 1 , except that 100 mg of Si, 17 mg of Li 2 S, 28 mg of P 2 S 5 , 33 mg of LiI, and 22 mg of activated carbon were used so that the weight ratio of Si:Li 2 S:P 2 S 5 :LiI:activated carbon A was 50:8.5:14:16.5:11.
(負極複合体3)
Si:Li2S:P2S5:LiI:活性炭Aの重量比が50:9:14.5:17.5:9となるように、Si:100mg、Li2S:18mg、P2S5:29mg、LiI:35mg、活性炭:18mgを用いたこと以外、正極複合体1と同様の処理を行い、負極複合体3を得た。
(Negative electrode composite 3)
A negative electrode composite 3 was obtained by performing the same process as for the positive electrode composite 1, except that 100 mg of Si, 18 mg of Li 2 S, 29 mg of P 2 S 5 , 35 mg of LiI, and 18 mg of activated carbon were used so that the weight ratio of Si:Li 2 S:P 2 S 5 :LiI:activated carbon A was 50:9:14.5:17.5:9.
(負極複合体4)
活性炭Aの代わりに活性炭Bを用いたこと以外、正極複合体1と同様の処理を行いり、負極複合体4を得た。
(Negative electrode composite 4)
A negative electrode composite 4 was obtained by carrying out the same treatment as in the positive electrode composite 1, except that the activated carbon B was used instead of the activated carbon A.
(負極複合体5)
活性炭Aの代わりにケッチェンブラックを用いたこと以外、正極複合体1と同様の処理を行いり、負極複合体5を得た。
(Negative electrode composite 5)
A negative electrode composite 5 was obtained by carrying out the same treatment as in the positive electrode composite 1, except that Ketjen black was used instead of the activated carbon A.
(負極複合体6)
活性炭Aの代わりにアセチレンブラックを用いたこと以外、正極複合体1と同様の処理を行いり、負極複合体6を得た。
(Negative electrode composite 6)
A negative electrode composite 6 was obtained by carrying out the same treatment as in the positive electrode composite 1, except that acetylene black was used instead of activated carbon A.
(負極複合体7)
Si:Li2S:P2S5:LiI:活性炭Bの重量比が50:7.5:12.5:15:15となるように、Si:100mg、Li2S:15mg、P2S5:25mg、LiI:30mg、活性炭:30mgを用いたこと以外、正極複合体1と同様の処理を行い、負極複合体7を得た。
(Negative electrode composite 7)
Negative electrode composite 7 was obtained by performing the same process as positive electrode composite 1, except that 100 mg of Si, 15 mg of Li 2 S, 25 mg of P 2 S 5 , 30 mg of LiI, and 30 mg of activated carbon were used so that the weight ratio of Si:Li 2 S:P 2 S 5 :LiI:activated carbon B was 50:7.5:12.5:15:15.
(負極複合体8)
Si:Li2S:P2S5:LiI:活性炭Bの重量比が50:6.5:10.5:13:20となるように、Si:100mg、Li2S:13mg、P2S5:21mg、LiI:26mg、活性炭B:40mgを用いたこと以外、正極複合体1と同様の処理を行い、負極複合体8を得た。
(Negative electrode composite 8)
A negative electrode composite 8 was obtained by performing the same process as for positive electrode composite 1 , except that 100 mg of Si, 13 mg of Li 2 S, 21 mg of P 2 S 5 , 26 mg of LiI, and 40 mg of activated carbon B were used so that the weight ratio of Si:Li 2 S:P 2 S 5 :LiI:activated carbon B was 50:6.5:10.5:13:20.
(負極複合体9)
Si:Li2S:P2S5:活性炭Aの重量比が50:15.5:24.5:10となるように、Si:100mg、Li2S:31mg、P2S5:49mg、活性炭:20mgを用いたこと以外、正極複合体1と同様の処理を行い、負極複合体9を得た。
(Negative electrode composite 9)
A negative electrode composite 9 was obtained by performing the same process as for the positive electrode composite 1 , except that 100 mg of Si , 31 mg of Li 2 S, 49 mg of P 2 S 5 , and 20 mg of activated carbon were used so that the weight ratio of Si:Li 2 S:P 2 S 5 :activated carbon A was 50:15.5:24.5:10.
(負極複合体10)
Si:Li2SO4:Li2CO3:LiI:活性炭Aの重量比が30:26:11.5:22.5:10となるように、Si:60mg、Li2SO4:52mg、Li2CO3:23mg、LiI:45mg、活性炭:20mgを用いたこと以外、正極複合体19と同様の処理を行い、負極複合体10を得た。
(Negative electrode composite 10)
A negative electrode composite 10 was obtained by performing the same process as for the positive electrode composite 19, except that 60 mg of Si, 52 mg of Li2SO4, 23 mg of Li2CO3, 45 mg of LiI, and 20 mg of activated carbon were used so that the weight ratio of Si:Li2SO4:Li2CO3 : LiI : activated carbon A was 30:26:11.5:22.5:10.
(負極複合体11)
Si:Li2O:LiI:活性炭Aの重量比が30:18.5:41.5:10となるように、Si:60mg、Li2O:37mg、LiI:83mg、活性炭:20mgを用いたこと以外、正極複合体19と同様の処理を行い、負極複合体11を得た。
(Negative electrode composite 11)
A negative electrode composite 11 was obtained by the same process as for the positive electrode composite 19, except that 60 mg of Si, 37 mg of Li2O , 83 mg of LiI, and 20 mg of activated carbon were used so that the weight ratio of Si:Li2O:LiI:activated carbon A was 30:18.5:41.5:10.
(負極複合体12)
Si:Li2SO4:LiI:活性炭Aの重量比が30:37.5:22.5:10となるように、Si:60mg、Li2SO4:75mg、LiI:45mg、活性炭:20mgを用いたこと以外、正極複合体19と同様の処理を行い、負極複合体12を得た。
(Negative electrode composite 12)
A negative electrode composite 12 was obtained by performing the same process as for the positive electrode composite 19, except that 60 mg of Si, 75 mg of Li2SO4 , 45 mg of LiI, and 20 mg of activated carbon were used so that the weight ratio of Si: Li2SO4 :LiI:activated carbon A was 30:37.5:22.5:10.
(比較負極複合体1)
3Li2S-1P2S5-2LiIをボールミルにて500rpm、10時間処理することで得た固体電解質5を用い、Si:固体電解質5:活性炭Aの重量比が50:40:10となるように、Si:100mg、固体電解質5:80mg、活性炭:20mgを用いたこと以外、正極複合体1と同様の処理を行い、比較負極複合体1を得た。
(Comparative Negative Electrode Composite 1)
A comparative negative electrode composite 1 was obtained by treating 3Li 2 S-1P 2 S 5 -2LiI in a ball mill at 500 rpm for 10 hours with a solid electrolyte 5, and treating the same as in the positive electrode composite 1, except that 100 mg of Si, 80 mg of solid electrolyte 5, and 20 mg of activated carbon were used so that the weight ratio of Si:solid electrolyte 5:activated carbon A was 50:40:10.
(比較負極複合体2)
固体電解質5の代わりに75Li2S-25P2S5をボールミルにて500rpm、10時間処理することで得た固体電解質6を用いたこと以外、比較負極複合体1と同様の処理を行い、比較負極複合体2を得た。
(Comparative Negative Electrode Composite 2)
Comparative negative electrode composite 2 was obtained by carrying out the same process as in comparative negative electrode composite 1, except that solid electrolyte 6 obtained by treating 75Li 2 S-25P 2 S 5 in a ball mill at 500 rpm for 10 hours was used instead of solid electrolyte 5.
(比較負極複合体3)
固体電解質5の代わりに42Li2SO4-28Li2CO3-30LiIをボールミルにて370rpm、60時間処理することで得た固体電解質7を用いたこと以外、比較負極複合体1と同様の処理を行い、比較負極複合体3を得た。
(Comparative Negative Electrode Composite 3)
Comparative negative electrode composite 3 was obtained by carrying out the same process as in comparative negative electrode composite 1, except that solid electrolyte 7 obtained by treating 42Li 2 SO 4 -28Li 2 CO 3 -30LiI in a ball mill at 370 rpm for 60 hours was used instead of solid electrolyte 5.
(Li2S正極半電池作製条件1:正極複合体1~17、比較正極複合体1~2)
アルゴンガス雰囲気グローブボックス内にて、ポリカーボネート製の円筒管治具(内径10mmΦ、外径23mmΦ、高さ20mm)の下側から負極集電体としてSUS304製の円筒治具(10mmΦ、高さ10mm)を差し込んだ。次に、ポリカーボネート製の円筒管治具の上側から固体電解質(E-1)(5Li2S-GeS2-P2S5を510℃で8時間焼成した複合化物1と80Li2S-20P2S5をボールミルにて500rpm、10時間処理した複合化物2を重量比90:10で混合した複合化物)80mgを入れた。さらに正極集電体としてSUS304製の円筒治具(10mmΦ、高さ15mm)をポリカーボネート製の円筒管治具の上側から差し込んで固体電解質(E-1)を挟み込み、80MPaの圧力で3分間プレスすることにより直径10mmΦ、厚さ約0.6mmの固体電解質層を形成した。次に、上側から差し込んだSUS304製の円筒治具(正極集電体)を一旦抜き取り、ポリカーボネート製の円筒管内の固体電解質層の上に作製した正極複合体7.5mgを入れた。その後、再び上側からSUS304製の円筒治具(正極集電体)を差し込み、200MPaの圧力で3分間プレスすることで、直径10mmΦ、厚さ約0.1mmの正極複合体層を形成した。次に、下側から差し込んだSUS304製の円筒治具(負極集電体)を抜き取り、負極として厚さ0.20mmのリチウムシート(本城金属社製)を穴あけポンチで直径8mmΦに打ち抜いたものと厚さ0.3mmのインジウムシート(フルウチ化学社製)を穴あけポンチで直径9mmΦに打ち抜いたものを重ねてポリカーボネート製の円筒管治具の下側から入れた。再び下側からSUS304製の円筒治具(負極集電体)を差し込み、80MPaの圧力で3分間プレスすることでリチウム-インジウム合金負極を形成した。以上のようにして、下側から順に、負極集電体、リチウム-インジウム合金負極、固体電解質層、正極複合体層、正極集電体が積層された全固体リチウムイオン電池を作製した。これを密閉することで正極複合体評価用電池とした。
( Li2S Positive Electrode Half-Cell Preparation Condition 1: Positive Electrode Composites 1-17, Comparative Positive Electrode Composites 1-2)
In an argon gas atmosphere glove box, a cylindrical jig (10 mmΦ, height 10 mm) made of SUS304 was inserted as a negative electrode current collector from the bottom of a cylindrical tube jig made of polycarbonate (inner diameter 10 mmΦ, outer diameter 23 mmΦ, height 20 mm). Next, 80 mg of solid electrolyte (E-1) (composite 1 obtained by firing 5Li 2 S-GeS 2 -P 2 S 5 at 510 ° C. for 8 hours and composite 2 obtained by treating 80Li 2 S-20P 2 S 5 with a ball mill at 500 rpm for 10 hours, mixed in a weight ratio of 90:10) was placed from the top of the cylindrical tube jig made of polycarbonate. Furthermore, a cylindrical jig (10 mmΦ, height 15 mm) made of SUS304 was inserted from the top of the cylindrical tube jig made of polycarbonate as a positive electrode current collector, and the solid electrolyte (E-1) was sandwiched between the cylindrical tube jig and pressed at a pressure of 80 MPa for 3 minutes to form a solid electrolyte layer having a diameter of 10 mmΦ and a thickness of about 0.6 mm. Next, the cylindrical jig (cathode current collector) made of SUS304 inserted from the top was once removed, and 7.5 mg of the positive electrode composite was placed on the solid electrolyte layer in the cylindrical tube made of polycarbonate. Then, a cylindrical jig (cathode current collector) made of SUS304 was inserted from the top again and pressed at a pressure of 200 MPa for 3 minutes to form a positive electrode composite layer having a diameter of 10 mmΦ and a thickness of about 0.1 mm. Next, the SUS304 cylindrical jig (negative electrode current collector) inserted from the bottom was removed, and a 0.20 mm thick lithium sheet (manufactured by Honjo Metals) punched to a diameter of 8 mmΦ with a hole punch and a 0.3 mm thick indium sheet (manufactured by Furuuchi Chemical Co., Ltd.) punched to a diameter of 9 mmΦ with a hole punch were stacked and inserted from the bottom of the polycarbonate cylindrical tube jig. A SUS304 cylindrical jig (negative electrode current collector) was inserted from the bottom again and pressed at a pressure of 80 MPa for 3 minutes to form a lithium-indium alloy negative electrode. In this way, an all-solid-state lithium ion battery was produced in which, from the bottom, a negative electrode current collector, a lithium-indium alloy negative electrode, a solid electrolyte layer, a positive electrode composite layer, and a positive electrode current collector were stacked. This was sealed to form a battery for evaluating the positive electrode composite.
(Li2S正極半電池作製条件2:正極複合体18~22、比較正極複合体3~4)
アルゴンガス雰囲気グローブボックス内にて、セラミックス製の円筒管治具(内径10mmΦ、外径23mmΦ、高さ20mm)の下側から負極集電体としてSKD11製の円筒治具(10mmΦ、高さ10mm)を差し込んだ。次に、セラミックス製の円筒管治具の上側から固体電解質(E-1)(5Li2S-GeS2-P2S5を510℃で8時間焼成した複合化物1と80Li2S-20P2S5をボールミルにて500rpm、10時間処理した複合化物2を重量比90:10で混合した複合化物)80mgを入れた。さらに正極集電体としてSKD11製の円筒治具(10mmΦ、高さ15mm)をセラミックス製の円筒管治具の上側から差し込んで固体電解質(E-1)を挟み込み、80MPaの圧力で3分間プレスすることにより直径10mmΦ、厚さ約0.6mmの固体電解質層を形成した。次に、上側から差し込んだSKD11製の円筒治具(正極集電体)を一旦抜き取り、セラミックス製の円筒管内の固体電解質層の上に作製した正極複合体10mgを入れた。その後、再び上側からSKD11製の円筒治具(正極集電体)を差し込み、720MPaの圧力で3分間プレスすることで、直径10mmΦ、厚さ約0.1mmの正極複合体層を形成した。次に、下側から差し込んだSKD11製の円筒治具(負極集電体)を抜き取り、負極として厚さ0.20mmのリチウムシート(本城金属社製)を穴あけポンチで直径8mmΦに打ち抜いたものと厚さ0.3mmのインジウムシート(フルウチ化学社製)を穴あけポンチで直径9mmΦに打ち抜いたものを重ねてセラミックス製の円筒管治具の下側から入れた。再び下側からSKD11製の円筒治具(負極集電体)を差し込み、80MPaの圧力で3分間プレスすることでリチウム-インジウム合金負極を形成した。以上のようにして、下側から順に、負極集電体、リチウム-インジウム合金負極、固体電解質層、正極複合体層、正極集電体が積層された全固体リチウムイオン電池を作製した。これを密閉することで正極複合体評価用電池とした。
( Li2S Positive Electrode Half-Cell Preparation Condition 2: Positive Electrode Composites 18-22, Comparative Positive Electrode Composites 3-4)
In an argon gas atmosphere glove box, a cylindrical jig made of SKD11 (10 mmΦ, height 10 mm) was inserted as a negative electrode current collector from the bottom of a ceramic cylindrical tube jig (inner diameter 10 mmΦ, outer diameter 23 mmΦ, height 20 mm). Next, 80 mg of solid electrolyte (E-1) (composite 1 obtained by firing 5Li 2 S-GeS 2 -P 2 S 5 at 510°C for 8 hours and composite 2 obtained by treating 80Li 2 S-20P 2 S 5 in a ball mill at 500 rpm for 10 hours, mixed in a weight ratio of 90:10) was placed from the top of the ceramic cylindrical tube jig. Furthermore, a cylindrical jig (10 mmΦ, height 15 mm) made of SKD11 was inserted from the top of the ceramic cylindrical tube jig as a positive electrode current collector, and the solid electrolyte (E-1) was sandwiched between the cylindrical jig and pressed at a pressure of 80 MPa for 3 minutes to form a solid electrolyte layer with a diameter of 10 mmΦ and a thickness of about 0.6 mm. Next, the cylindrical jig (positive electrode current collector) made of SKD11 inserted from the top was once removed, and 10 mg of the prepared positive electrode composite was placed on the solid electrolyte layer in the ceramic cylindrical tube. After that, a cylindrical jig (positive electrode current collector) made of SKD11 was inserted from the top again and pressed at a pressure of 720 MPa for 3 minutes to form a positive electrode composite layer with a diameter of 10 mmΦ and a thickness of about 0.1 mm. Next, the cylindrical jig (negative electrode current collector) made of SKD11 inserted from the bottom was removed, and a lithium sheet (manufactured by Honjo Metals Co., Ltd.) with a thickness of 0.20 mm was punched out to a diameter of 8 mmΦ with a hole punch as a negative electrode, and an indium sheet (manufactured by Furuuchi Chemical Co., Ltd.) with a thickness of 0.3 mm was punched out to a diameter of 9 mmΦ with a hole punch and stacked and inserted from the bottom of the ceramic cylindrical tube jig. A cylindrical jig (negative electrode current collector) made of SKD11 was inserted again from the bottom and pressed at a pressure of 80 MPa for 3 minutes to form a lithium-indium alloy negative electrode. In this way, an all-solid-state lithium ion battery was produced in which the negative electrode current collector, lithium-indium alloy negative electrode, solid electrolyte layer, positive electrode composite layer, and positive electrode current collector were laminated in order from the bottom. This was sealed to form a battery for evaluating the positive electrode composite.
(Si負極半電池作製条件1:負極複合体1~9、比較負極複合体1~2)
アルゴンガス雰囲気グローブボックス内にて、ポリカーボネート製の円筒管治具(内径10mmΦ、外径23mmΦ、高さ20mm)の下側から負極集電体としてSUS304製の円筒治具(10mmΦ、高さ10mm)を差し込んだ。次に、ポリカーボネート製の円筒管治具の上側から固体電解質(E-2)(3Li2S-P2S5-2LiIをボールミルにて500rpm、10時間処理したもの)80mgを入れた。さらに正極集電体としてSUS304製の円筒治具(10mmΦ、高さ15mm)をポリカーボネート製の円筒管治具の上側から差し込んで固体電解質(E-2)を挟み込み、80MPaの圧力で3分間プレスすることにより直径10mmΦ、厚さ約0.5mmの固体電解質層を形成した。次に、上側から差し込んだSUS304製の円筒治具(正極集電体)を一旦抜き取り、ポリカーボネート製の円筒管内の固体電解質層の上に作製した負極複合体4.0mgを入れた。再び上側からSUS304製の円筒治具(正極集電体)を差し込み、200MPaの圧力で3分間プレスすることで、直径10mmΦ、厚さ約0.05mmの負極複合体層を形成した。次に、下側から差し込んだSUS304製の円筒治具(負極集電体)を抜き取り、負極として厚さ0.20mmのリチウムシート(本城金属社製)を穴あけポンチで直径8mmΦに打ち抜いたものと厚さ0.3mmのインジウムシート(フルウチ化学社製)を穴あけポンチで直径9mmΦに打ち抜いたものを重ねてポリカーボネート製の円筒管治具の下側から入れて、再び下側からSUS304製の円筒治具(負極集電体)を差し込み、80MPaの圧力で3分間プレスすることでリチウム-インジウム合金負極を形成した。以上のようにして、下側から順に、負極集電体、リチウム-インジウム合金負極、固体電解質層、負極複合体層、正極集電体が積層された全固体リチウムイオン電池を作製した。これを密閉することで評価用電池とした。
(Si negative electrode half-cell preparation condition 1: negative electrode composites 1-9, comparative negative electrode composites 1-2)
In an argon gas atmosphere glove box, a cylindrical jig made of SUS304 (10 mmΦ, height 10 mm) was inserted as a negative electrode current collector from the bottom of a cylindrical tube jig made of polycarbonate (inner diameter 10 mmΦ, outer diameter 23 mmΦ, height 20 mm). Next, 80 mg of solid electrolyte (E-2) (3Li 2 S-P 2 S 5 -2LiI treated with a ball mill at 500 rpm for 10 hours) was placed from the top of the cylindrical tube jig made of polycarbonate. Furthermore, a cylindrical jig made of SUS304 (10 mmΦ, height 15 mm) was inserted as a positive electrode current collector from the top of the cylindrical tube jig made of polycarbonate to sandwich the solid electrolyte (E-2), and a solid electrolyte layer with a diameter of 10 mmΦ and a thickness of about 0.5 mm was formed by pressing at a pressure of 80 MPa for 3 minutes. Next, the SUS304 cylindrical jig (positive electrode current collector) inserted from above was temporarily removed, and 4.0 mg of the negative electrode composite was placed on the solid electrolyte layer in the polycarbonate cylindrical tube. The SUS304 cylindrical jig (positive electrode current collector) was inserted again from above, and pressed at a pressure of 200 MPa for 3 minutes to form a negative electrode composite layer with a diameter of 10 mmΦ and a thickness of about 0.05 mm. Next, the SUS304 cylindrical jig (negative electrode current collector) inserted from the bottom was removed, and a 0.20 mm thick lithium sheet (manufactured by Honjo Metals) punched out to a diameter of 8 mmΦ with a hole punch as the negative electrode and a 0.3 mm thick indium sheet (manufactured by Furuuchi Chemical Co., Ltd.) punched out to a diameter of 9 mmΦ with a hole punch were stacked and inserted from the bottom of a polycarbonate cylindrical tube jig, and a SUS304 cylindrical jig (negative electrode current collector) was inserted from the bottom again, and pressed at a pressure of 80 MPa for 3 minutes to form a lithium-indium alloy negative electrode. In this way, an all-solid-state lithium ion battery was produced in which, from the bottom, a negative electrode current collector, a lithium-indium alloy negative electrode, a solid electrolyte layer, a negative electrode composite layer, and a positive electrode current collector were stacked. This was sealed to form an evaluation battery.
(Si負極半電池作製条件2:負極複合体10~12、比較負極複合体3)
アルゴンガス雰囲気グローブボックス内にて、セラミックス製の円筒管治具(内径10mmΦ、外径23mmΦ、高さ20mm)の下側から負極集電体としてSKD11製の円筒治具(10mmΦ、高さ10mm)を差し込んだ。次に、セラミックス製の円筒管治具の上側から固体電解質(E-2)(3Li2S-P2S5-2LiIをボールミルにて500rpm、10時間処理したもの)80mgを入れた。さらに正極集電体としてSKD11製の円筒治具(10mmΦ、高さ15mm)をセラミックス製の円筒管治具の上側から差し込んで固体電解質(E-2)を挟み込み、80MPaの圧力で3分間プレスすることにより直径10mmΦ、厚さ約0.5mmの固体電解質層を形成した。次に、上側から差し込んだSKD11製の円筒治具(正極集電体)を一旦抜き取り、セラミックス製の円筒管内の固体電解質層の上に作製した負極複合体5.0mgを入れ、再び上側からSKD11製の円筒治具(正極集電体)を差し込み、720MPaの圧力で3分間プレスすることで、直径10mmΦ、厚さ約0.05mmの負極複合体層を形成した。次に、下側から差し込んだSKD11製の円筒治具(負極集電体)を抜き取り、負極として厚さ0.20mmのリチウムシート(本城金属社製)を穴あけポンチで直径8mmΦに打ち抜いたものと厚さ0.3mmのインジウムシート(フルウチ化学社製)を穴あけポンチで直径9mmΦに打ち抜いたものを重ねてセラミックス製の円筒管治具の下側から入れて、再び下側からSKD11製の円筒治具(負極集電体)を差し込み、80MPaの圧力で3分間プレスすることでリチウム-インジウム合金負極を形成した。以上のようにして、下側から順に、負極集電体、リチウム-インジウム合金負極、固体電解質層、負極複合体層、正極集電体が積層された全固体リチウムイオン電池を作製した。これを密閉することで評価用電池とした。
(Si negative electrode half-cell preparation condition 2: negative electrode composites 10 to 12, comparative negative electrode composite 3)
In an argon gas atmosphere glove box, a cylindrical jig made of SKD11 (10 mmΦ, height 10 mm) was inserted as a negative electrode current collector from the bottom of a ceramic cylindrical tube jig (inner diameter 10 mmΦ, outer diameter 23 mmΦ, height 20 mm). Next, 80 mg of solid electrolyte (E-2) (3Li 2 S-P 2 S 5 -2LiI treated with a ball mill at 500 rpm for 10 hours) was placed from the top of the ceramic cylindrical tube jig. Furthermore, a cylindrical jig made of SKD11 (10 mmΦ, height 15 mm) was inserted as a positive electrode current collector from the top of the ceramic cylindrical tube jig to sandwich the solid electrolyte (E-2), and pressed at a pressure of 80 MPa for 3 minutes to form a solid electrolyte layer with a diameter of 10 mmΦ and a thickness of about 0.5 mm. Next, the cylindrical jig made of SKD11 (cathode current collector) that had been inserted from above was temporarily removed, and 5.0 mg of the prepared anode composite was placed on the solid electrolyte layer in the ceramic cylindrical tube. The cylindrical jig made of SKD11 (cathode current collector) was again inserted from above, and pressed at a pressure of 720 MPa for 3 minutes to form a anode composite layer with a diameter of 10 mmΦ and a thickness of approximately 0.05 mm. Next, the cylindrical jig (negative electrode current collector) made of SKD11 inserted from the bottom was removed, and a 0.20 mm thick lithium sheet (manufactured by Honjo Metals) punched to a diameter of 8 mmΦ with a hole punch as a negative electrode and a 0.3 mm thick indium sheet (manufactured by Furuuchi Chemical Co., Ltd.) punched to a diameter of 9 mmΦ with a hole punch were stacked and inserted from the bottom of a ceramic cylindrical tube jig, and a cylindrical jig (negative electrode current collector) made of SKD11 was inserted from the bottom again, and pressed for 3 minutes at a pressure of 80 MPa to form a lithium-indium alloy negative electrode. In this way, an all-solid-state lithium ion battery was produced in which, from the bottom, a negative electrode current collector, a lithium-indium alloy negative electrode, a solid electrolyte layer, a negative electrode composite layer, and a positive electrode current collector were stacked. This was sealed to form an evaluation battery.
(フルセル1)
アルゴンガス雰囲気グローブボックス内にて、ポリカーボネート製の円筒管治具(内径10mmΦ、外径23mmΦ、高さ20mm)の下側から負極集電体としてSUS304製の円筒治具(10mmΦ、高さ10mm)を差し込んだ。次に、ポリカーボネート製の円筒管治具の上側から固体電解質(E-2)(3Li2S-P2S5-2LiIをボールミルにて500rpm、10時間処理したもの)80mgを入れた。さらに正極集電体としてSUS304製の円筒治具(10mmΦ、高さ15mm)をポリカーボネート製の円筒管治具の上側から差し込んで固体電解質(E-2)を挟み込み、80MPaの圧力で3分間プレスすることにより直径10mmΦ、厚さ約0.5mmの固体電解質層を形成した。次に、上側から差し込んだSUS304製の円筒治具(正極集電体)を一旦抜き取り、ポリカーボネート製の円筒管内の固体電解質層の上に作製した正極複合体7.5mgを入れた。再び上側からSUS304製の円筒治具(正極集電体)を差し込み、80MPaの圧力で3分間プレスすることで、直径10mmΦ、厚さ約0.1mmの正極複合体層を形成した。次に、下側から差し込んだSUS304製の円筒治具(負極集電体)を抜き取り、負極複合体4.0mgを入れた。その後、再び下側からSUS304製の円筒治具(負極集電体)を差し込み、200MPaの圧力で3分間プレスすることで、下側から順に、負極集電体、負極複合体層、固体電解質層、正極複合体層、正極集電体が積層された全固体リチウムイオン電池を作製した。これを密閉することで評価用電池とした。
(Full cell 1)
In an argon gas atmosphere glove box, a cylindrical jig made of SUS304 (10 mmΦ, height 10 mm) was inserted as a negative electrode current collector from the bottom of a cylindrical tube jig made of polycarbonate (inner diameter 10 mmΦ, outer diameter 23 mmΦ, height 20 mm). Next, 80 mg of solid electrolyte (E-2) (3Li 2 S-P 2 S 5 -2LiI treated with a ball mill at 500 rpm for 10 hours) was placed from the top of the cylindrical tube jig made of polycarbonate. Furthermore, a cylindrical jig made of SUS304 (10 mmΦ, height 15 mm) was inserted as a positive electrode current collector from the top of the cylindrical tube jig made of polycarbonate to sandwich the solid electrolyte (E-2), and a solid electrolyte layer with a diameter of 10 mmΦ and a thickness of about 0.5 mm was formed by pressing at a pressure of 80 MPa for 3 minutes. Next, the cylindrical jig (cathode current collector) made of SUS304 inserted from the top was removed once, and 7.5 mg of the prepared cathode composite was placed on the solid electrolyte layer in the cylindrical tube made of polycarbonate. A cylindrical jig (cathode current collector) made of SUS304 was inserted from the top again, and pressed at a pressure of 80 MPa for 3 minutes to form a cathode composite layer with a diameter of 10 mmΦ and a thickness of about 0.1 mm. Next, the cylindrical jig (negative electrode current collector) made of SUS304 inserted from the bottom was removed, and 4.0 mg of the anode composite was placed. Then, a cylindrical jig (negative electrode current collector) made of SUS304 was inserted from the bottom again, and pressed at a pressure of 200 MPa for 3 minutes to prepare an all-solid-state lithium ion battery in which the anode current collector, the anode composite layer, the solid electrolyte layer, the cathode composite layer, and the cathode current collector were stacked in order from the bottom. This was sealed to prepare an evaluation battery.
(XRD測定)
正極複合体1~22、比較正極複合体1~4、負極複合体1~12、および比較負極複合体1~3に対し、RIGAKU社製 SmartLab IIにて2θ範囲10~60°で測定を行い、XRDスペクトルを得た。活物質以外のピークがある場合を有、活物質以外のピークが無い場合を無とした。結果を表1および表2に示す。
(XRD Measurement)
Positive electrode composites 1 to 22, comparative positive electrode composites 1 to 4, negative electrode composites 1 to 12, and comparative negative electrode composites 1 to 3 were measured in the 2θ range of 10 to 60° using a SmartLab II manufactured by RIGAKU Corporation to obtain XRD spectra. Cases in which there was a peak other than the active material were marked as "present," and cases in which there was no peak other than the active material were marked as "absent." The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
(XPS測定)
正極複合体1~17、比較正極複合体1および2、負極複合体1~9、比較負極複合体1および2に対し、KRATOS ANALYTICAL社製 KRATOS Novaで測定を行い、XPSスペクトルを得た。165eV付近にピークがある場合を有、ピークが無い場合を無とした。得られた結果を表1および2に示す。XPS165eV付近ピーク有無の欄の「-」は測定していないことを示す。
(XPS Measurement)
Positive electrode composites 1 to 17, comparative positive electrode composites 1 and 2, negative electrode composites 1 to 9, and comparative negative electrode composites 1 and 2 were measured using KRATOS Nova manufactured by KRATOS ANALYTICAL to obtain XPS spectra. A peak was recorded as present near 165 eV, and no peak was recorded as absent. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2. The "-" in the column for the presence or absence of an XPS peak near 165 eV indicates that no measurement was performed.
(DSC測定)
正極複合体18~22、比較正極複合体3および4、負極複合体10~12、および比較負極複合体3に対し、比較示差走査熱量計(セイコーインスツルメンツ社製DSC6200)を用い測定を行った。測定は、温度範囲50℃~500℃、昇温速度5℃/分で行った。各複合体の発熱ピークを表1および2に示す。なお、各複合体の製造に用いた固体電解質原料は、全て温度範囲50℃~500℃の範囲に発熱ピークが現れなかった。DSC発熱ピーク温度の欄の「-」は測定していないことを示す。
(DSC Measurement)
Measurements were performed on positive electrode composites 18-22, comparative positive electrode composites 3 and 4, negative electrode composites 10-12, and comparative negative electrode composite 3 using a comparative differential scanning calorimeter (DSC6200 manufactured by Seiko Instruments Inc.). The measurements were performed in the temperature range of 50°C to 500°C, with a heating rate of 5°C/min. The exothermic peaks of each composite are shown in Tables 1 and 2. Note that none of the solid electrolyte raw materials used in the production of each composite exhibited an exothermic peak in the temperature range of 50°C to 500°C. A "-" in the DSC exothermic peak temperature column indicates that no measurement was performed.
(充放電特性評価)
上記正極複合体1~22、比較正極複合体1~4、負極複合体1~12、比較負極複合体1~3を用いて作製した評価用電池を充放電装置(ACD-M01A、アスカ電子社製)にて充放電特性を評価した。正極複合体1~17及び比較正極複合体1~2は、25℃で電圧範囲0.5V~2.5V、電流値0.2mAの定電流―定電圧充電及び電流値0.2mAの定電流放電した。正極複合体19~22及び比較正極複合体3~4は、45℃で電圧範囲0.5V~2.5V、電流値0.05mAの定電流―定電圧充電及び電流値0.05mAの定電流放電した。各正極複合体の2サイクル目の正極複合体重量当たりの放電容量を調べ、得られた結果を表1に示す。負極複合体1~9及び比較負極複合体1~2は、25℃で電圧範囲-0.6V~2.0V、電流値0.2mAの定電流放電及び電流値0.2mAの定電流充電した。負極複合体10~12及び比較負極複合体3は、45℃で電圧範囲-0.6V~2.0V、電流値0.05mAの定電流放電及び電流値0.05mAの定電流充電した。各負極複合体の2サイクル目の負極複合体重量当たりの充電容量を調べ、得られた結果を表2に示す。さらに、フルセル1は25℃で電圧範囲0.0V~3.0V、電流値0.2mAの定電流―定電圧充電及び定電流放電し、各フルセルの2サイクル目の正極複合体重量当たりの放電容量を調べた結果を表3に示す。ここで、負極複合体及び比較負極複合体用いた半電池については、活物質当たりの放電容量の上限を2500mAh/gに制限した。
(Charge/discharge characteristic evaluation)
The charging and discharging characteristics of the evaluation batteries prepared using the above positive electrode composites 1 to 22, comparative positive electrode composites 1 to 4, negative electrode composites 1 to 12, and comparative negative electrode composites 1 to 3 were evaluated using a charging and discharging device (ACD-M01A, manufactured by Aska Electronics Co., Ltd.). The positive electrode composites 1 to 17 and comparative positive electrode composites 1 to 2 were charged at a constant current-constant voltage of 0.2 mA at a voltage range of 0.5 V to 2.5 V and a current value of 0.2 mA at 25 ° C., and discharged at a constant current of 0.2 mA. The positive electrode composites 19 to 22 and comparative positive electrode composites 3 to 4 were charged at a constant current-constant voltage of 0.05 mA at a voltage range of 0.5 V to 2.5 V and a current value of 0.05 mA at 45 ° C. The discharge capacity per weight of the positive electrode composite at the second cycle of each positive electrode composite was examined, and the results obtained are shown in Table 1. Anode composites 1 to 9 and comparative anode composites 1 to 2 were discharged at a constant current of 0.2 mA and charged at a constant current of 0.2 mA at a voltage range of -0.6 V to 2.0 V at 25 ° C. Anode composites 10 to 12 and comparative anode composite 3 were discharged at a constant current of 0.05 mA and charged at a constant current of 0.05 mA at a voltage range of -0.6 V to 2.0 V at 45 ° C. The charge capacity per weight of the anode composite in the second cycle of each anode composite was examined, and the results are shown in Table 2. Furthermore, full cell 1 was charged at a constant current-constant voltage and discharged at a constant current of 0.2 mA at a voltage range of 0.0 V to 3.0 V at 25 ° C., and the discharge capacity per weight of the cathode composite in the second cycle of each full cell was examined, and the results are shown in Table 3. Here, for the half cells using the anode composite and comparative anode composite, the upper limit of the discharge capacity per active material was limited to 2500 mAh / g.
表1~3に示されたように、本発明の全固体リチウムイオン電池用電極複合体の製造方法を用いた電極複合体(正極複合体および負極複合体)は、固体電解質が合成され、また正極複合体21を除きアモルファスになっていることが確認された。本発明の全固体リチウムイオン電池用電極複合体の製造方法を用いた電極複合体(正極複合体および負極複合体)は、1工程で製造したにも関わらず、従来の製造方法(比較正極複合体および比較負極複合体)と同様に高い電池性能を示した。通常、正極または負極複合体の作製には、固体電解質の作製工程および正極または負極複合体の作製工程の2工程からなるが、本発明では1工程で製造できることから、生産性が向上する。As shown in Tables 1 to 3, it was confirmed that the electrode composites (positive electrode composite and negative electrode composite) produced by the method for producing an electrode composite for an all-solid-state lithium-ion battery of the present invention had a solid electrolyte synthesized therein and were amorphous except for the positive electrode composite 21. Although the electrode composites (positive electrode composite and negative electrode composite) produced by the method for producing an electrode composite for an all-solid-state lithium-ion battery of the present invention were produced in a single step, they showed high battery performance similar to that of the conventional production method (comparative positive electrode composite and comparative negative electrode composite). Normally, the production of a positive electrode or negative electrode composite consists of two steps, a step of producing a solid electrolyte and a step of producing a positive electrode or negative electrode composite, but the present invention allows production in a single step, improving productivity.
本開示の全固体リチウムイオン電池用電極複合体の製造方法を用いることで、従来よりも少ない工程で、電極複合体を製造できるので、産業上の利用可能性が高い。By using the manufacturing method of the electrode composite for all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries disclosed herein, the electrode composite can be manufactured in fewer steps than conventional methods, making it highly applicable industrially.
Claims (20)
電極活物質と、
固体電解質原料と、
導電材である炭素材料と、
を含む、電極複合体原料を機械的エネルギーで複合化することで、前記全固体リチウムイオン電池用電極複合体を製造し、
前記炭素材料の比表面積が1000m 2 /g以上である、
全固体リチウムイオン電池用電極複合体の製造方法。 A method for producing an electrode composite for an all-solid-state lithium ion battery, comprising:
An electrode active material;
A solid electrolyte raw material;
A carbon material which is a conductive material;
The electrode composite material is compounded by mechanical energy to produce the electrode composite for an all-solid-state lithium ion battery,
The specific surface area of the carbon material is 1000 m 2 /g or more.
A method for manufacturing an electrode composite for all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries.
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| JP2013098024A (en) | 2011-11-01 | 2013-05-20 | Toyota Motor Corp | Electrode material manufacturing method, and electrode material |
| JP2014011033A (en) | 2012-06-29 | 2014-01-20 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | Positive electrode mixture |
| JP2019212447A (en) | 2018-06-01 | 2019-12-12 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Positive electrode composite and manufacturing method thereof |
| JP2020021674A (en) | 2018-08-02 | 2020-02-06 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | All-solid-state battery and method of manufacturing the same |
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| JP2013098024A (en) | 2011-11-01 | 2013-05-20 | Toyota Motor Corp | Electrode material manufacturing method, and electrode material |
| JP2014011033A (en) | 2012-06-29 | 2014-01-20 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | Positive electrode mixture |
| JP2019212447A (en) | 2018-06-01 | 2019-12-12 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Positive electrode composite and manufacturing method thereof |
| JP2020021674A (en) | 2018-08-02 | 2020-02-06 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | All-solid-state battery and method of manufacturing the same |
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