JP7616722B2 - How to raise livestock - Google Patents

Description

Article 30, paragraph 2 of the Patent Act applies. 1. Meeting Date: November 4, 2021 Meeting name: 115th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society of Swine Science (Japanese Society of Swine Science) Venue: Remote 2. Publication Date: November 4, 2021 Publication: Abstracts of the 115th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society of Swine Science, page 6, Japanese Society of Swine Science

The present invention relates to a fermented composition for livestock feed and a method for raising livestock using the fermented composition.

When raising livestock such as pigs for food, in addition to feeding them feed, they may be given antibiotics such as avilamycin, enramycin, virginiamycin, and colistin for growth purposes.
Antibiotics for growth purposes are administered continuously via feed, and the dosage is generally lower than that of antibiotics used for therapeutic purposes.
Usage standards, such as dosage, are set for each antibiotic.

In livestock breeding, the reason antibiotics are given to livestock for growth purposes is to suppress the production of toxins and putrefactive matter produced by harmful bacteria in the intestines, thereby preventing damage to the villi and crypts, thereby suppressing diarrhea in livestock and promoting healthy growth.

However, the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria weakens the effectiveness of antibiotics, making it impossible to prevent the production of toxins and putrefaction, which can lead to diarrhea in livestock. Furthermore, even amid the recent boom in natural foods, this has the effect of making consumers hesitant to purchase livestock that have been fed antibiotics.

The inventors have been conducting extensive research into the use and effects of fermented compositions made by fermenting and maturing specific types of raw materials, including fruits, grains, seaweed, and vegetables, for extended periods of time. They discovered that the fermented composition increases the production of short-chain fatty acids in the intestines of animals, and hypothesized whether it could be used as an alternative to antibiotics given to livestock. Through trial and error and various experiments, they arrived at the present invention.

The technical means used by the present invention to solve the technical problem are as follows:

That is, the present invention relates to one or more kinds of fruit selected from apple, persimmon, banana, pineapple, Akebia japonica, silver vine, fig, wild strawberry, strawberry, wild grape, grape, wild berry, peach, plum, blueberry, and raspberry, which belong to fruits, one or more kinds of citrus fruit selected from navel orange, hassaku orange, Unshu mandarin orange, summer mandarin orange, orange, Iyokan orange, kumquat, yuzu, kabosu, pomelo, ponkan, lemon, and lime, which belong to root vegetables, one or more kinds of burdock, carrot, garlic, lotus root, and lily root, which belong to grains, and brown rice, The product is obtained by fermenting and maturing one or more kinds of food selected from glutinous rice, white rice, millet, corn, wheat, barley, foxtail millet, and barnyard millet, one or more kinds of food selected from soybeans, black beans, black sesame seeds, white sesame seeds, adzuki beans, and walnuts, which belong to the beans and sesame family, one or more kinds of food selected from kelp, wakame, hijiki, green laver, and seaweed, which belong to the seaweed family, one or more kinds of food selected from brown sugar, fructose, and glucose, which belong to the sugar family, and one or more kinds of food selected from honey, starch, cucumber, shiso, and celery, and has the following components and amino acid composition:
The main ingredients per 100g include:
Moisture: 5.0g to 50.0g,
Protein: 0.5g-10.0g,
Lipids: 0.05g to 10.00g,
Carbohydrates (sugar): 30.0g to 75.0g,
Carbohydrates (fiber): 0.1g-5.0g,
Ash content: 0.5g to 5.0g,
β-carotene: 10 μg to 150 μg,
Vitamin A potency: 10 IU to 100 IU,
Vitamin _B1 : 0.01 mg to 0.50 mg,
Vitamin _B2 : 0.01mg to 0.50mg,
Vitamin _B6 : 0.01mg to 0.50mg,
Vitamin E: 10.0 mg or less,
Niacin: 0.1 mg to 6.0 mg,
Calcium: 50mg to 900mg,
Phosphorus: 200 mg or less,
Iron: 1.0 mg to 5.0 mg,
Sodium: 20mg to 300mg,
Potassium: 300mg to 1000mg,
Magnesium: 40mg to 200mg,
Salt equivalent: 0.05g to 1.00g,
Copper: 7.0 ppm or less.
Amino acid composition per 100g:
Isoleucine: 30-200 mg,
Leucine: 50-400 mg,
Lysine: 20-200 mg,
Methionine: 10-150 mg,
Cystine: 10-100 mg,
Phenylalanine: 30-250 mg,
Tyrosine: 20-200 mg,
Threonine: 40-200 mg,
Tryptophan: 1-100 mg,
Valine: 30-300 mg,
Histidine: 10-200 mg,
Arginine: 40-400 mg,
Alanine: 50-300 mg,
Aspartic acid: 100-600 mg,
Glutamic acid: 100-1200 mg,
Glycine: 30-300 mg,
Proline: 40-400 mg,
Serine: 30-300 mg.
The present invention provides a plant fermented composition for use as feed (for livestock), the fermented composition being the main ingredient. The fermented composition may be characterized by increasing specific short-chain fatty acids in the intestines of livestock.

The present invention provides a plant fermented composition for feed (for livestock) that is obtained by adding one or more of mulberry, ginger, and loquat to the raw materials for the fermented composition, followed by fermentation and maturation, and that uses as its main ingredient a fermented composition that is composed of the above-mentioned components and amino acid composition.

The present invention provides an alternative to antibiotics, comprising the prebiotic food according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it suppresses diarrhea in livestock using the fermented composition as a main ingredient.

One or more kinds selected from apple, persimmon, banana, pineapple, Akebia japonica, silver vine, fig, wild strawberry, strawberry, wild grape, grape, wild berry, peach, plum, blueberry, raspberry, loquat belonging to the fruit category; one or more kinds selected from navel orange, hassaku citrus, Unshu mandarin orange, summer mandarin orange, orange, Iyokan, kumquat, yuzu, kabosu, pomelo, ponkan, lemon, lime belonging to the citrus category; one or more kinds selected from burdock, carrot, garlic, lotus root, lily root belonging to the root category; brown rice, glutinous rice, polished rice belonging to the grain category, The present invention is obtained by fermenting and maturing one or more kinds of grains selected from millet, corn, wheat, barley, foxtail millet, and barnyard millet, one or more kinds of grains selected from soybeans, black beans, black sesame seeds, white sesame seeds, adzuki beans, and walnuts, which belong to the beans and sesame family, one or more kinds of grains selected from kelp, wakame, hijiki, green laver, and seaweed, which belong to the seaweed family, one or more kinds of grains selected from brown sugar, fructose, and glucose, which belong to the sugar family, and one or more kinds of grains selected from honey, starch, cucumber, shiso, celery, mulberry, and ginger, and has the following components and amino acid composition:
The main ingredients per 100g include:
Moisture: 5.0g to 50.0g,
Protein: 0.5g-10.0g,
Lipids: 0.05g to 10.00g,
Carbohydrates (sugar): 30.0g to 75.0g,
Carbohydrates (fiber): 0.1g-5.0g,
Ash content: 0.5g to 5.0g,
β-carotene: 10 μg to 150 μg,
Vitamin A potency: 10 IU to 100 IU,
Vitamin _B1 : 0.01 mg to 0.50 mg,
Vitamin _B2 : 0.01mg to 0.50mg,
Vitamin _B6 : 0.01mg to 0.50mg,
Vitamin E: 10.0 mg or less,
Niacin: 0.1 mg to 6.0 mg,
Calcium: 50mg to 900mg,
Phosphorus: 200 mg or less,
Iron: 1.0 mg to 5.0 mg,
Sodium: 20mg to 300mg,
Potassium: 300mg to 1000mg,
Magnesium: 40mg to 200mg,
Salt equivalent: 0.05g to 1.00g,
Copper: 7.0 ppm or less.
Amino acid composition per 100g:
Isoleucine: 30-200 mg,
Leucine: 50-400 mg,
Lysine: 20-200 mg,
Methionine: 10-150 mg,
Cystine: 10-100 mg,
Phenylalanine: 30-250 mg,
Tyrosine: 20-200 mg,
Threonine: 40-200 mg,
Tryptophan: 1-100 mg,
Valine: 30-300 mg,
Histidine: 10-200 mg,
Arginine: 40-400 mg,
Alanine: 50-300 mg,
Aspartic acid: 100-600 mg,
Glutamic acid: 100-1200 mg,
Glycine: 30-300 mg,
Proline: 40-400 mg,
Serine: 30-300 mg.
The present invention may also be used as a livestock breeding method by feeding livestock a prebiotic feed additive containing the fermented composition as a main ingredient, the fermented composition being characterized in that it increases specific short-chain fatty acids in the intestines of the livestock.

The present invention may also be used as a livestock breeding method in which a prebiotic additive for feed containing the fermented composition as a main ingredient is fed to livestock, thereby eliminating the need for or reducing the amount of antibiotics used. The fermented composition may be characterized by increasing specific short-chain fatty acids in the intestines of livestock.

By feeding this fermented composition to healthy livestock, it was possible to achieve growth conditions for livestock that were not administered antibiotics, similar to those of a group administered antibiotics.

Specifically, the group administered the fermented composition maintained the same level of weight gain in livestock compared to the group administered antibiotics, and showed no significant changes or abnormal findings in blood, intestinal length or weight, or villus tissue, and also had the same level of diarrhea symptoms (fecal score).

The present invention will now be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples.

Graph showing growth performance of meat pigs Graph evaluating the intestinal environment of slaughter pigs (fecal score, fecal IgA concentration) Graph showing intestinal short-chain fatty acid concentration in slaughter pigs Table showing digestive tract shape and blood biochemistry of pigs An explanatory diagram of the mechanism of the effect of the present fermented composition on pigs

The inventors focused on this fermented composition and conducted experiments to determine whether it had an effect on the growth of livestock (particularly pigs for food) raised under livestock conditions without the administration of antibiotics.

The present fermented composition (FBP) is a composition for producing one or more fruits selected from apple, persimmon, banana, pineapple, Akebia japonica, silver vine, fig, wild strawberry, strawberry, wild grape, grape, wild berry, peach, plum, blueberry, raspberry, and loquat; one or more citrus fruits selected from navel orange, hassaku citrus, Satsuma mandarin orange, summer mandarin orange, orange, Iyokan orange, kumquat, yuzu, kabosu, pomelo, ponkan, lemon, and lime; one or more root vegetables selected from burdock, carrot, garlic, lotus root, and lily root; and one or more grains selected from cereals. It is obtained by fermenting and maturing one or more kinds of grains selected from brown rice, glutinous rice, white rice, millet, corn, wheat, barley, foxtail millet, and barnyard millet, one or more kinds of grains selected from soybeans, black beans, black sesame seeds, white sesame seeds, adzuki beans, and walnuts, one or more kinds of grains selected from kelp, wakame, hijiki, green laver, and seaweed, one or more kinds of grains selected from brown sugar, fructose, and glucose, and one or more kinds of grains selected from honey, starch, cucumber, shiso, celery, mulberry, and ginger. The fermentation and maturation period was 3 years and 3 months or more. In addition, during the fermentation and maturation process, additives, heat, and water were not added artificially, and the fermentation was allowed to stand for 3 years or more. In this experiment, one or two types were selected from each category, and 15 types of raw materials were selected and fermented (the present fermented composition).

The pigs used in this experiment were 23-day-old suckling piglets (crossbreed). The experiment was designed to compare feeding on a general feed containing antibiotics (control group) and a feed in which the antibiotics were replaced with FBP (the fermented composition) (test group). The same piglet compound feed was used in both the control and test groups. The control group received 40 ppm of avilamycin as an antibiotic, while the test group received no antibiotics. Conversely, the test group received 0.125% of the fermented composition, while the control group received no fermented composition.

The feeding period in this experiment was from 23 to 50 days of age. The pigs were kept in single cages, with free access to water and constant feeding. Formulated feed for the piglets was used according to the breeding stage. Avilamycin (antibiotic) was 40 ppm in the control group and 0 ppm in the test group. On the other hand, FBP (the fermented composition) was 0% in the control group and 0.125% in the test group.

The combinations of sampling sites and measurement items were as follows: "feces, fecal score/IgA," "venous blood, blood biochemistry analysis," "cecal venous blood, short-chain fatty acid analysis," "cecal contents, short-chain fatty acid analysis," and "small intestine/large intestine, organ measurements/villus length/crypt depth."

Next, the fecal score will be explained. Good stool was assigned a score of 0, with hard stools. Soft stools were assigned a score of 1, diarrhea-like stools a score of 2, water-soluble stools a score of 3, and diarrhea with a higher degree of water solubility a score of 4. The higher the score, the poorer the stool.

The experimental results will now be explained. Figure 1 (left) is a graph showing the growth performance of edible pigs. First, the weights of edible pigs raised on a general feed containing antibiotics (control group) and on a feed in which the antibiotics were replaced with FBP (the fermented composition) (test group) were measured and the changes in weight were graphed. The vertical axis is weight (kg) and the horizontal axis is age after birth (days). Both the control group and the test group showed a similar increase in weight over time. The feed conversion rate was calculated as [feed intake (or consumption) (kg) / livestock production (kg)], and the vertical axis of the graph in Figure 1 (right) is kg/kg, so the feed conversion rate is a unitless number.

Next, the feed conversion rate of the pigs for food was measured at specific times in the control and test groups (Figure 1, right). The feed conversion rate increases with increasing age, peaking at 37-44 days after birth and tending to decrease slightly at 44-55 days after birth. The feed conversion rate was almost the same in the control and test groups. The feed conversion rate is the amount of feed ingested (or consumed) required to produce 1 kg of livestock product, and indicates how many times the amount of feed is required for production, such as weight gain. The lower the feed conversion rate, the more efficient the efficiency.

Figure 2 shows data on the intestinal environment at specific times in the control and test groups. The graph on the left shows the fecal scores at specific ages. The method for evaluating the fecal scores is as described above. In both the control and test groups, the fecal scores were good, and the intestinal environment was stable during the period. The graph on the right shows the fecal IgA scores at specific ages (23, 31, and 50 days). No changes in intestinal immunity were observed at rest. The fecal IgA concentration correlates with the immune state in the intestinal tract. Fecal IgA concentration shows high values due to infectious diseases, and conversely, if the fecal IgA concentration drops drastically, the risk of infectious diseases increases. Here, the low values were stable in both groups, which is thought to indicate that the intestinal environment was relatively stable.

Figure 3 is a graph showing the concentration of short-chain fatty acids in the cecal contents and cecal venous blood in the control and test groups. The short-chain fatty acids measured were acetic acid, propionic acid, and n-butyric acid. In both the control and test groups, no significant change was observed in the overall composition ratio of short-chain fatty acids in the cecal contents and venous blood when FBP was fed, but a tendency for the short-chain fatty acid concentration to be higher was observed in the test group.

These short-chain fatty acids were measured because the benefits of short-chain fatty acids are attracting attention. The intestinal mucosa plays a role in the intestinal barrier function of preventing the invasion of pathogens. Butyric acid and propionic acid work to maintain the intestinal mucosa and enhance the intestinal barrier function. In particular, butyric acid is the most important energy source for intestinal epithelial cells, and has been reported to promote the metabolism of the intestinal epithelium and also promote intestinal peristalsis.

Figure 4 is a table showing the digestive tract shape and blood biochemistry test results of the pigs. There were no major differences between the control and test groups in terms of anatomical data (digestive tract shape) such as the small intestine (length, weight), large intestine (length, weight), digestion and absorption (villus height (μm), crypt depth (μm), villi/crypt depth).

Furthermore, blood biochemistry tests showed that there were no major differences between the control and test groups in terms of γ-GT, albumin, total cholesterol, and urea nitrogen. These findings do not contradict but support the results of the graph showing the growth performance of the edible pigs (Figure 1) and the graph evaluating the intestinal environment of the edible pigs (fecal score, fecal IgA concentration) (Figure 2).

Figure 5 is an explanatory diagram of the mechanism of the effect of the present fermented composition on pigs for food. When raising pigs for food, so-called harmful bacteria grow in the digestive tract due to stress or illness on the living body, and these harmful bacteria produce toxins and putrefactive substances, causing damage to the inside of the digestive tract. Specifically, the villi and crypts, which are responsible for the digestive and absorptive functions, are damaged, resulting in diarrhea.

Traditionally, as a countermeasure to the above, livestock have been given antibiotics during breeding to eliminate harmful bacteria from the digestive tract and prevent diarrhea and other problems while promoting their growth. However, some harmful bacteria have developed resistance to antibiotics.

The fermented composition of the present invention can provide the same effect even without antibiotics, making it an alternative to antibiotics for use in raising livestock. In other words, it is believed that the fermented composition of the present invention increases the number of useful bacteria in the digestive tract of livestock, promotes the production of short-chain fatty acids from these useful bacteria, and promotes nutrient utilization, resulting in a good intestinal environment. The fermented composition of the present invention can provide the same effect even without antibiotics, making it an alternative to antibiotics for use in raising livestock.

Claims (2)

One or more kinds selected from apple, persimmon, banana, pineapple, Akebia japonica, silver vine, fig, wild strawberry, strawberry, wild grape, grape, wild berry, peach, plum, blueberry, raspberry, loquat belonging to the fruit category; one or more kinds selected from navel orange, hassaku citrus, Unshu mandarin orange, summer mandarin orange, orange, Iyokan, kumquat, yuzu, kabosu, pomelo, ponkan, lemon, lime belonging to the citrus category; one or more kinds selected from burdock, carrot, garlic, lotus root, lily root belonging to the root category; brown rice, glutinous rice, polished rice belonging to the grain category, The product is obtained by fermenting and maturing one or more kinds of grains selected from millet, corn, wheat, barley, foxtail millet, and barnyard millet, one or more kinds of grains selected from soybeans, black beans, black sesame seeds, white sesame seeds, adzuki beans, and walnuts, which belong to the beans and sesame family, one or more kinds of grains selected from kelp, wakame seaweed, hijiki seaweed, green laver seaweed, and seaweed, one or more kinds of grains selected from brown sugar, fructose, and glucose, which belong to the sugar family, and one or more kinds of grains selected from honey, starch, cucumber, shiso, celery, mulberry, and ginger, and has the following components and amino acid composition:
The main ingredients per 100g include:
Moisture: 5.0g to 50.0g,
Protein: 0.5g-10.0g,
Lipids: 0.05g to 10.00g,
Carbohydrates (sugar): 30.0g to 75.0g,
Carbohydrates (fiber): 0.1g-5.0g,
Ash content: 0.5g to 5.0g,
β-carotene: 10 μg to 150 μg,
Vitamin A potency: 10 IU to 100 IU,
Vitamin _B1 : 0.01 mg to 0.50 mg,
Vitamin _B2 : 0.01 mg to 0.50 mg,
Vitamin _B6 : 0.01 mg to 0.50 mg,
Vitamin E: 10.0 mg or less,
Niacin: 0.1 mg to 6.0 mg,
Calcium: 50mg to 900mg,
Phosphorus: 200 mg or less,
Iron: 1.0 mg to 5.0 mg,
Sodium: 20mg to 300mg,
Potassium: 300mg to 1000mg,
Magnesium: 40mg to 200mg,
Salt equivalent: 0.05g to 1.00g,
Copper: 7.0 ppm or less,
Amino acid composition per 100g:
Isoleucine: 30-200 mg,
Leucine: 50-400 mg,
Lysine: 20-200 mg,
Methionine: 10-150 mg,
Cystine: 10-100 mg,
Phenylalanine: 30-250 mg,
Tyrosine: 20-200 mg,
Threonine: 40-200 mg,
Tryptophan: 1-100 mg,
Valine: 30-300 mg,
Histidine: 10-200 mg,
Arginine: 40-400 mg,
Alanine: 50-300 mg,
Aspartic acid: 100-600 mg,
Glutamic acid: 100-1200 mg,
Glycine: 30-300 mg,
Proline: 40-400 mg,
Serine: 30-300 mg.
A method for raising livestock, comprising feeding 1.56 to 2.25 g of a fermented plant composition for livestock feed, which contains a fermented composition as a main ingredient and increases specific short-chain fatty acids in the intestines, to the livestock per kg of meat production . The method for raising livestock described in claim 1, wherein antibiotics are not administered or the amount of use is reduced by feeding livestock a plant fermentation composition for livestock feed that contains the fermentation composition as a main ingredient and increases specific short-chain fatty acids in the intestines.

Images