JP7624181B2 - Architecture - Google Patents

Description

Application of Article 30, Paragraph 2 of the Patent Act 1) ADA Editor Tokyo Co., Ltd. published an article on the building and connecting structure of the invention in GA JAPAN 175 (pages 40-43, GA Plaza), published on March 1, 2022. 2) Nikkan Mokuzai Shimbun Co., Ltd. published an article on the building and connecting structure of the invention in the Nikkan Mokuzai Shimbun (page 6), published on March 16, 2022. 3) Stroeg Co., Ltd. unveiled the building of the invention (new Stroeg Co., Ltd. office building) during construction at 452 Oenoki, Namekawa City, Toyama Prefecture, on December 1, 2021. 4) Prior to the construction of the building of the invention, Stroeg Co., Ltd. conducted a test of stacking large planks (CLT) to verify the construction procedure and actual strength at 452 Oenoki, Namekawa City, Toyama Prefecture, on October 28, 2021.

The present invention relates to buildings whose framework is made of heavy board materials such as cross-laminated timber (CLT), and to connecting structures used at the intersections of these board materials.

Small buildings such as homes have long been constructed using wood, but in recent years, large-section laminated timber has become readily available, making it easier to build larger public facilities and stores using wood. There are many different types of laminated timber, but one known as CLT has sufficient strength due to its size and thickness and can be used as is as a structural material for buildings. The framework of a building can be constructed simply by combining multiple CLTs. Furthermore, the surface of CLT retains the natural feel of wood, so it can be used as an interior material as is, eliminating the need for wallpaper, and the characteristics of CLT mean that insulation can be reduced, simplifying construction work, and offering many other advantages.

Examples of technologies related to the present invention include the following patent documents, and Patent Document 1 discloses a wooden rigid frame structure that can ensure sufficient openings. This wooden rigid frame structure uses plate-shaped wall columns to support horizontal members such as girder beams and girders in the air, and the longitudinal directions of the upper and lower end faces of these wall columns are aligned with the material axis direction of the horizontal members. Anchoring members and a connecting mechanism are used to connect the horizontal members to the wall columns, and the anchoring members are rod-shaped screw members embedded in the horizontal members and wall columns, and the connecting mechanism is composed of bolts and nuts, and this connecting mechanism can draw the anchoring members that are concentric and opposed to each other. Furthermore, notches are provided at the four corners of the wall columns to accommodate the anchoring members. In this way, by connecting the horizontal members to the wall columns using the anchoring members and the connecting mechanism, the wall columns can be treated as earthquake-resistant walls, improving the design freedom and making it possible to ensure sufficient openings.

Patent Document 2 also discloses a brace reinforcement device that does not reduce earthquake resistance even when two intersecting braces are placed in a narrow space. This brace reinforcement device is composed of two elements: a rectangular base plate and mounting pieces protruding from the four corners of the base plate. It is placed where two braces intersect, and both braces have a notch formed by cutting one side into a stepped shape, and by fitting these notches together, the two braces are aligned without any steps. The brace reinforcement device is then assembled to cover this notch, with one brace being positioned along the base plate and sandwiched between the opposing mounting pieces, while the remaining brace being positioned to intersect with the center of the base plate and not coming into contact with the mounting pieces. After installing the brace reinforcement in this way, nails can be driven from the base plate or mounting piece into each brace, integrating the two braces through the brace reinforcement, ensuring earthquake resistance.

The following Patent Document 3 discloses a technique for maintaining the joint strength of horizontal wooden structural members connected to vertical wooden structural members in the structural framework of a wooden building, even when the cross section of the vertical wooden structural members is a long and narrow rectangle. The vertical wooden structural members here have a long and narrow rectangular cross section, and are shaped like planks rather than square timber. Therefore, after standing the vertical wooden structural members upright from the ground, there is a large difference in strength when a horizontal load acts on the wide side surface and when a horizontal load acts on the side end surface. Therefore, in this document, two vertical wooden structural members are used as a set, and the two are arranged in an L-shape or T-shape when viewed from directly above to eliminate the difference in strength depending on the direction, and it becomes possible to maintain the joint strength of horizontal wooden structural members connected to the vertical wooden structural members.

JP 2006-118275 A Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 10-231558 JP 2019-196656 A

Heavy board materials such as CLT have excellent properties that differ from the pillars and beams used in traditional wooden buildings, and it is expected that by making effective use of these properties, buildings with unique features that have never existed before will be created. Such buildings will be deeply etched in people's memories, and can have various effects, such as increasing name recognition.

Furthermore, when using CLT and other sheet metal as the framework of a building, the contact surfaces between adjacent vertically facing sheets are constantly subjected to a downward load due to their own weight, and may also be subjected to external forces due to earthquakes, strong winds, snowfall, etc. However, there is a limit to the contact area between adjacent sheets, and because sheets such as CLT have a large weight of their own, excessive loads may act on these contact surfaces, causing deformation of the framework. In addition, when external forces such as earthquakes, strong winds, snowfall, etc. act, an upward load may be generated, which is different from normal, and may cause the sheets to lift up, so measures against this are also necessary.

The present invention was developed based on these circumstances, and aims to utilize the properties of heavy board materials such as CLT to provide buildings with unique features not previously available, as well as to provide connecting structures that can withstand their own weight and external forces.

The first invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is a building in which upright boards are arranged horizontally with spaces between them, and are stacked vertically, wherein two adjacent boards are arranged so that they form an intersecting angle when viewed from directly above, the lower of the two boards has a cut-out portion formed therein extending downward from its upper end face, and the upper board has a cut-out portion formed therein extending upward from its lower end face, and the two boards are connected by fitting these cut-out portions together, and a framework is constructed by integrating a large number of boards by this fitting, and the individual boards are of two types, one that is arranged along the exterior wall surface, and one that is arranged to extend into the room, and of these, one or both of the side end faces of the boards that are arranged to extend into the room are discontinued inside the room just before the exterior wall surface, leaving a space beyond that.

The building according to the present invention is constructed from heavy board materials such as CLT, and these board materials are arranged in multiples along the exterior wall surfaces, and the board materials are stacked vertically to achieve high-rise buildings. Furthermore, two board materials adjacent vertically are never lined up in the same direction when viewed from directly above, but always have an intersection angle, and at the intersection point, a cutout is formed on both sides, and the two board materials are connected so that they interlock by fitting the cutouts together. The specific shape of the cutout can be freely selected, and it can be a simple notch, and the intersection angle between the two board materials is not limited to a right angle.

The defect is a cutout that starts from the top or bottom end of the plate and extends vertically along the side, but is never exposed on the side of the plate and is always located in the middle of the plate. However, the defect does not penetrate the top or bottom end of the plate, but ends halfway down the side. Furthermore, to ensure that the plate stands upright stably, it is desirable to fit two or more plates into one plate, and usually multiple defect parts are formed. The plate stacking is not limited to two layers, but can be three or more layers, but the bottom plate will be attached to the foundation via anchor bolts, etc.

Plates are not only placed along the exterior walls of buildings, but also at an angle to the exterior walls, extending into the interior of the room. Plates that extend into the interior of the room inevitably function as partitions within the room, and the room layout is finalized once their installation is complete. They also function as the framework of the building, and can withstand various loads. For this reason, there is no need to place plate materials without interruption on the exterior walls of buildings; sections without plate materials can be secured, and entrances and windows can be freely installed there, or they can be blocked off with curtain walls to separate the interior from the exterior.

When a board extends into a room, one side end may protrude outside the room, or both side end faces may be located inside the room. The side end face that extends into the room is considered to end just before the exterior wall surface, without reaching it. As a result, a space that can be used as a passageway or an open space is provided between the board and the exterior wall surface, and the layout of the passageway is inevitably determined. Boards that extend into the room still fit into other boards and maintain their upright position.

In this way, in addition to arranging multiple upright boards along exterior walls, etc., in buildings where upright boards are stacked vertically, two adjacent boards are arranged so that they form an intersecting angle, and at the intersection, the missing parts of both boards are fitted together, connecting the boards so that they interlock, and by repeating this fitting process, a framework is constructed in which all the boards are integrated and tightly fitted together. In addition, boards that are arranged to extend into a room are terminated just before the exterior wall surface, so that the room layout and corridor layout are finalized once the installation of the boards is completed.

The second invention is the first invention, which specifies the fitting of two adjacent plate materials, and of the two plate materials adjacent in the vertical direction, the one located at the bottom is defined as the lower plate, and the one located at the top is defined as the upper plate, and the missing portion of the lower plate is formed by scraping off the upper part of the side of the lower plate, and a remaining portion is secured on the rear side of the missing portion in the thickness direction of the lower plate, and the missing portion of the upper plate is formed by scraping off the lower part of the side of the upper plate, and a remaining portion is secured on the rear side of the missing portion in the thickness direction of the upper plate, and the remaining portion of the upper plate is fitted into the missing portion of the lower plate, and the lower plate and the upper plate are connected by fitting the remaining portion of the upper plate into the missing portion of the lower plate.

In the building of the present invention, the stacked plate materials are not limited to two layers, but three or more layers are also possible, but in this invention , in order to specify the method of fitting the plate materials together, it is assumed that only two plate materials that are adjacent in the vertical direction are extracted from the plate materials that make up the building. Of these two plate materials, the one placed at the bottom is defined as the lower plate, and the one placed at the top is defined as the upper plate, and after forming cutouts in both, the lower plate and the upper plate are fitted together.

When using CLT or similar materials for the upper and lower boards, both sides (front and back) will have a "grain surface" that runs along the direction of the wood's fibers, but this surface is relatively soft and prone to cave-in due to compressive load. In contrast, the "end grain surface" that is perpendicular to the "grain surface" is less likely to cave in due to compressive load. For this reason, if a simple notch is used as a method of fitting the lower and upper boards together, when a horizontal load is applied due to an earthquake or the like, one board will press against the side surface (grain surface) of the other board, and this surface may cave in due to compressive load.

In order to prevent this collapse, the present invention is characterized in that the missing portion is not a simple half-notch, but a remaining portion is secured on the rear side of the missing portion. However, as with a simple half-notch, the missing portion here is also formed by cutting off the side of the lower plate or upper plate, but the missing portion does not simply reach the opposite side, but ends up halfway. The area on the rear side of the missing portion that has not been cut off becomes the remaining portion. This missing portion and the remaining portion are formed on both the lower plate and the upper plate, and then the remaining portions of both are fitted into the missing portion of the other plate, thereby connecting the lower plate and the upper plate. Naturally, both missing portions need to be finished in a shape that allows the remaining portion of the other plate to fit into them, but the specific shape can be freely determined. The missing portions can also be formed on both sides of the lower plate or the upper plate, and the area left between them can be the remaining portion.

In this way, the fitting of the lower board and the upper board is not a simple half-notch, but rather a remaining part is secured at the rear of the missing part, and both remaining parts are fitted into the missing part of the other, so that the contact surface between the lower board and the upper board includes the end grain. Therefore, even if a horizontal load acts on one of the upper boards of the lower board due to an earthquake or the like and presses against the other, this load is also received by the end grain, preventing collapse due to the compressive load. Furthermore, at the contact surface between the lower board and the upper board, the surface that extends in the vertical direction often has an intersecting angle with the side surfaces of both the lower board and the upper board.

The third invention is intended to counter the weight and various external forces acting on a building, and is characterized in that, at the contact surface where the lower plate and the upper plate, which are adjacent in the vertical direction, overlap in the vertical direction, one metal fitting is attached to one surface and the other metal fitting is attached to the remaining surface, and when the one metal fitting and the other metal fitting are in surface contact, the one metal fitting and the other metal fitting are integrated to prevent the upper plate from floating up.

After the lower and upper plates are fitted together, the weight of the upper plate will naturally maintain that state. However, if external forces such as earthquakes, strong winds, or snowfall are applied, the upper plate may rise and deform the building's framework. Therefore, in this invention, one metal fitting and the other metal fitting are placed on the contact surface between the lower and upper plates, and the one metal fitting is attached to either the lower or upper plate, and the other metal fitting is attached to the remaining one. It is necessary to adjust the shape and position of both metal fittings so that they come into surface contact when the lower and upper plates are fitted together, which not only makes it possible for horizontal loads to be transmitted by the one metal fitting and the other metal fitting, but also prevents the upper plate from lifting up by integrating the one metal fitting and the other metal fitting by some means.

Possible locations for placing the one and other metal fittings include the upper end surface of the lower plate, the lower end surface of the upper plate, and the end surface of the missing part. Furthermore, in order to conceal the one and other metal fittings, holes or grooves can be formed in these surfaces and the one and other metal fittings can be embedded therein. Also, it is desirable for the one and other metal fittings to have an interlocking structure rather than simple surface contact so that horizontal loads can be transmitted in all directions. In addition, the means for integrating the one and other metal fittings can be freely selected, but specific examples include a fixing pin or bolt that is inserted so as to penetrate both.

After the lower and upper plates are fitted together, the weight of the upper plate as well as any downward load acting on the upper plate are only supported by the contact surface with the lower plate, which inevitably increases the compressive load acting on this contact surface, which can lead to collapse over time. To distribute this compressive load, rod-shaped objects that function like piles, such as lag screws, are sometimes embedded behind each of the first and second metal fittings. As a result, the compressive load acting on the contact surface between the lower and upper plates is mitigated, preventing collapse over time and making it easier to build taller buildings.

In this way, one metal fitting and the other metal fitting are placed on the contact surface where the lower plate and the upper plate overlap in the vertical direction, and after the lower plate and the upper plate are fitted together, the one metal fitting and the other metal fitting are integrated, preventing the upper plate from floating up. Moreover, in this state, the one metal fitting and the other metal fitting are in surface contact, so horizontal loads can be transmitted through them. Furthermore, by embedding lag screws or the like behind each of the one metal fitting and the other metal fitting, it is possible to suppress the increase in compressive load due to self-weight, etc.

A fourth invention relates to a connecting structure in which a lower plate and an upper plate, both of which are upright, are adjacent to each other in the vertical direction and are used at the intersection between the two plates, the lower plate and the upper plate being arranged to have an intersection angle when viewed from directly above, the lower plate having a cutout portion extending downward from its upper end surface, the cutout portion being formed by scraping off an upper portion of a side surface of the lower plate, and a remaining portion being secured on the inner side of the cutout portion in the thickness direction of the lower plate, and the upper plate having a cutout portion extending upward from its lower end surface, the cutout portion being formed by scraping off a lower portion of a side surface of the upper plate. and a remaining portion is secured behind the missing portion in the thickness direction of the upper plate, and the remaining portion of the upper plate is fitted into the missing portion of the lower plate, and the remaining portion of the lower plate is fitted into the missing portion of the upper plate, thereby connecting the lower plate and the upper plate, and at the contact surface where the lower plate and the upper plate overlap in the vertical direction, one metal fitting is attached to one surface and the other metal fitting is attached to the remaining surface, and when the one metal fitting and the other metal fitting are in surface contact, the one metal fitting and the other metal fitting are integrated to prevent the upper plate from floating up.

This invention discloses a connecting structure in which two plates, called the lower plate and the upper plate, are both vertically adjacent to each other, and the lower plate and the upper plate here refer to the same as in the second invention, and are vertically adjacent to each other with an intersecting angle, and at the intersection, as in the second invention, a cutout is formed on both plates, and a remaining part is secured on the inner side. The lower plate and the upper plate are connected by fitting the remaining parts of both the lower plate and the upper plate into the cutout of the other plate. Furthermore, as in the third invention, one metal fitting and the other metal fitting are attached to the contact surface where the lower plate and the upper plate overlap in the vertical direction. Therefore, by integrating the one metal fitting and the other metal fitting with a fixing pin or the like, it is possible to prevent the upper plate from floating up.

In addition to arranging multiple upright boards along the exterior wall surface as in the first invention, in buildings where upright boards are stacked vertically, two adjacent boards are arranged vertically at an angle, and at the intersection, the missing parts of both boards are fitted together to connect the boards so that they interlock, and by repeating this fitting, a framework is constructed in which all the boards are integrated without loosening. In addition, boards that are arranged to enter the room are cut off just before the exterior wall surface, so that the room layout and the layout of the passageway are finalized at the stage when the installation of the boards is completed during construction. This simplifies the work related to the interior, and is expected to reduce time and costs.

The planks that form the framework of a building necessarily function as both pillars and beams. Furthermore, CLT is not anisotropic in its structure. Therefore, by using CLT as the planks, sufficient strength can be ensured against both horizontal and vertical loads, making it possible to construct a sound building without taking measures such as reinforcement.

Furthermore, the building of the present invention is constructed primarily from heavy boards, with the side edges protruding outside, giving it a unique appearance that sets it apart from conventional buildings, and it is easy to recognize that the interior is divided only by heavy boards, and these features are expected to be deeply etched in people's memories, leading to effects such as increased name recognition. In addition, the boards that are placed so as to infiltrate into the interior not only function as room divisions, but also as the framework of the building. Therefore, there is no need to place boards uninterrupted on the exterior walls of the building, and sections without boards can be secured in which entrances, windows, curtain walls, etc. can be freely installed, increasing the freedom of design and making it easier to ensure uniqueness in this respect as well.

As in the second invention, the fitting of the lower board and the upper board is not a simple half cut, but rather a remaining part is secured on the inner side of the missing part, and by fitting both remaining parts into the missing part of the other, the contact surface between the lower board and the upper board includes not only the grain side, which is prone to collapse, but also the end surface, which is less likely to collapse. Therefore, even if a horizontal load acts on one of the upper boards of the lower board due to an earthquake or the like and presses the other board, the load is also received by the end surface, and collapse due to the compressive load is suppressed, and the soundness of the building can be maintained.

As in the third invention, one metal fitting and the other metal fitting are placed on the contact surface where the lower plate and the upper plate overlap in the vertical direction, and after the lower plate and the upper plate are fitted together, the one metal fitting and the other metal fitting are integrated, which prevents the upper plate from floating up and makes it possible to withstand external forces such as earthquakes, strong winds, and snowfall. Moreover, since the one metal fitting and the other metal fitting are in surface contact, horizontal loads can be transmitted through them, reducing the burden on the contact surface between the lower plate and the upper plate (surface that expands in the vertical direction). In addition, by embedding lag screws or the like behind each of the one metal fitting and the other metal fitting, compressive loads due to self-weight and the like can be distributed over a wide area, which also reduces the burden on the contact surface between the lower plate and the upper plate (surface that expands in the horizontal direction).

As in the fourth invention, a missing part is formed in both the lower board and the upper board as a connecting structure between the lower board and the upper board, and a remaining part is secured at the back side of the missing part, and the remaining part of the upper board is fitted into the missing part of the lower board, and the remaining part of the lower board is fitted into the missing part of the upper board, so that, as in the second invention, even if a horizontal load acts on either one of the upper boards of the lower board due to an earthquake or the like and presses the other, this load is received by the butt surface and it is possible to prevent collapse due to a compressive load. Also, by arranging one metal fitting and the other metal fitting on the contact surface where the lower board and the upper board overlap in the vertical direction, it is possible to prevent the upper board from floating up, as in the third invention, and to resist external forces such as earthquakes.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a building according to the present invention, with the lower portion showing the fitting of the lower and upper plates in detail. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a specific example of a connecting structure according to the present invention, in which the left side of the figure shows the entire lower plate and upper plate, and the right side of the figure shows the details of the intersection between the lower plate and the upper plate. 3 is a perspective view showing a state in which the upper plate and the other metal fitting of FIG. 2 are inverted upside down. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a state in which one metal fitting is attached to the lower plate of FIG. 2 and the other metal fitting is attached to the upper plate. FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing the lower plate and the upper plate of FIG. 4 fitted together. FIG. FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a detail of the lower plate of FIG. 5 . This is a perspective view showing the same connecting structure as in FIG. 2, but differs from FIG. 2 only in that the storage groove is exposed on the side surface of the upper plate. 8 is a perspective view showing a state in which one metal fitting is attached to the lower plate of FIG. 7 and the other metal fitting is attached to the upper plate. FIG. FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing the lower plate and the upper plate of FIG. 8 fitted together. This is an oblique view showing a connecting structure of a different form from the previous figures, in which cylindrical metal fittings are used for one and the other metal fittings, and a deformed steel bar is used as the embedding tool. 11 is a perspective view showing a state in which one metal fitting and another metal fitting are attached to both the lower plate and the upper plate of FIG. 10 . FIG. FIG. 12 is a perspective view showing the lower plate and the upper plate of FIG. 11 fitted together.

Figure 1 shows a specific example of a building according to the present invention, and the lower part of the figure shows the details of the fitting of the lower plate 71 and the upper plate 81. Note that this figure is intended only to help understand the invention, and does not take into consideration feasibility at all. The framework of this building is constructed only from plates 11, 12, and 13 cut to a specified size from CLT or the like, and the plates 11, 12, and 13 are stacked in three layers, one above the other. The lower plate 11 is placed so that it stands upright from the foundation, but is integrated with the foundation via anchor bolts (not shown). The middle plate 12 is stacked above the lower plate 11, and the upper plate 13 is stacked above the middle plate 12. However, not all of the lower plate 11 are the same size, but are individually different depending on the purpose, and the same is true for the middle plate 12 and the upper plate 13.

The middle plate material 12 is arranged so as to be perpendicular to the lower plate material 11, and at the intersection between the adjacent lower plate material 11 and middle plate material 12, cutouts 73, 88 are formed on both, and by fitting these together, the lower plate material 11 and the middle plate material 12 are connected. And the upper plate material 13 is stacked above the middle plate material 12. This upper plate material 13 is arranged so as to be perpendicular to the middle plate material 12, and here too, cutouts 73, 88 are formed on both of the middle plate material 12 and upper plate material 13 at the intersection, and by fitting these together, the middle plate material 12 and the upper plate material 13 are connected. By fitting the cutouts 73 and 88 together in this way, each of the boards 11, 12, and 13 is connected to the adjacent boards 11, 12, and 13, and all of them are integrated in an upright state, completing the framework of the building. Note that the middle board 12 and the top board 13 are each supported by two or more other boards 11 and 12 to ensure stability.

The boards 11, 12, and 13 do not need to be placed without interruption along the exterior wall of the building, and it is possible to secure an opening section as shown in this figure. This section can be used to freely install entrances and windows, and the exterior wall can also be constructed with curtain walls. Some of the boards 11, 12, and 13 are placed so that they extend into the room, which determines the room layout, but one of the side edges does not reach the exterior wall surface and ends just before it, leaving a space for a passageway or atrium. In addition to a floor being required inside the building, a roof is also required on the top, and these are installed via the boards 11, 12, and 13. Furthermore, by installing multiple floors at different heights, the room can have a multi-layered structure.

At the bottom of the figure, the fitting of two plate materials 11, 12 stacked vertically is shown in detail. Here, the lower plate material 11 is defined as the lower plate 71, and the middle plate material 12 is defined as the upper plate 81. The lower plate 71 has a triangular cross-section cutout 73 formed in the upper part of both sides, as shown in the figure, and furthermore, a remaining part 78 is secured between the two opposing cutouts 73 in the lower plate 71. The upper plate 81 also has a triangular cross-section cutout 88 formed in the lower part of both sides, and a remaining part 83 is secured between the two opposing cutouts 88. By fitting both remaining parts 78, 83 into the other cutouts 88, 73, the lower plate 71 and the upper plate 81 are connected in an interlocking state.

In Figure 1, it is assumed that at all intersections between two adjacent boards 11, 12, 13, the remaining parts 78, 83 of both boards fit into the missing parts 88, 73 of the other board, and this fitting alone will keep all boards 11, 12, 13 upright. In addition, by using CLT for boards 11, 12, 13, its non-anisotropic properties allow it to function as both a column and a beam.

Figure 2 shows a specific example of a connection structure according to the present invention, with the lower plate 71 and the upper plate 81 drawn in their entirety on the left side of the figure, and the intersection of the lower plate 71 and the upper plate 81 drawn in detail on the right side of the figure. The lower plate 71 and the upper plate 81 here are heavy laminated timber that function as the framework of a building, like the plates 11, 12, and 13 in Figure 1, and are all arranged upright and adjacent to each other in the vertical direction. In addition, the lower plate 71 and the upper plate 81 in this figure are perpendicular when viewed from directly above, but because the upper plate 81 is stacked on the lower plate 71, the upper part of the lower plate 71 and the lower part of the upper plate 81 fit together. To achieve this fit, triangular cross-section cutouts 73 and 88 are formed in both the lower plate 71 and the upper plate 81.

The missing portion 73 of the lower plate 71 is a portion where the side of the lower plate 71 has been scraped off, and its cross section is triangular, with the base of the triangle located on the side of the lower plate 71. The apex of the triangle is located on the center line of the thickness direction of the lower plate 71. Furthermore, the missing portion 73 is formed on both sides of the lower plate 71 with the apex as a reference. Therefore, in the cross section of the lower plate 71, a pair of missing portions 73 are arranged to face each other. And, as depicted on the left side of the figure, this missing portion 73 extends downward from the upper end surface of the lower plate 71, but it does not reach the lower end surface of the lower plate 71, but is terminated halfway. In addition, the area between the two missing portions 73 arranged to face each other is triangular when viewed from directly above, and this area will be referred to as the remaining portion 78. The remaining portions 78 are also arranged in pairs to face each other.

The upper plate 81 also has a similar cutout 88, and the adjacent triangular portion is referred to as the remaining portion 83. However, the cutout 88 here extends upward from the lower end surface of the upper plate 81, but does not reach the upper end surface of the upper plate 81, but is terminated halfway. The remaining portion 83 of the upper plate 81 is fitted into the cutout 73 of the lower plate 71, and the remaining portion 78 of the lower plate 71 is fitted into the cutout 88 of the upper plate 81, thereby connecting the lower plate 71 and the upper plate 81. Naturally, both cutouts 73, 88 are finished in a shape that allows the remaining portions 83, 78 of the other to fit together, but the specific shape is not limited to this figure and can be freely determined.

Even after the lower plate 71 and the upper plate 81 are fitted together, the upper plate 81 can still rise, and there is a risk that the arrangement of the lower plate 71 and the upper plate 81 will change. To prevent this, in this figure, one metal fitting 21, other metal fitting 31, and embedding tool 41 are used, and this one metal fitting 21 is attached to the lower plate 71, and the other metal fitting 31 is attached to the upper plate 81. When the lower plate 71 and the upper plate 81 are fitted together, the one metal fitting 21 and the other metal fitting 31 come into surface contact so as to interlock with each other, and by inserting a fixing pin 57 so as to penetrate both, the one metal fitting 21 and the other metal fitting 31 become inseparable.

On both the left and right sides of the one-side metal fitting 21, side bases 25 are provided that protrude upward. However, because both the left and right side bases 25 have a groove-shaped storage section 24 in their center, each side base 25 is divided into front and back. The area between the left and right side bases 25 is basin-shaped with a reduced height, and a locking hole 26 is provided in its center. Furthermore, the one-side metal fitting 21 is placed on the remaining portion 78 on the upper end surface of the lower plate 71, but in this figure, the one-side metal fitting 21 is placed on each remaining portion 78, so two one-side metal fittings 21 are arranged facing each other. Note that two corners of the one-side metal fitting 21 are chamfered to prevent the one-side metal fitting 21 from protruding beyond the remaining portion 78 and blocking the missing portion 73.

Meanwhile, the metal fitting 21 is attached to the lower plate 71 via an embedding tool 41, which in this figure is a lug screw. A spirally extending ridge 44 protrudes from the side surface of this embedding tool 41, and a hexagonal head 45 is formed on one end surface of the embedding tool 41, with a female thread 46 formed in its center. Also, on the upper end surface of the lower plate 71, pilot holes 76 are formed in each remaining portion 78, into which the embedding tool 41 is embedded. The ridge 44 of the embedding tool 41 bites into the inner surface of the pilot hole 76, so that the embedding tool 41 is firmly integrated with the lower plate 71.

After the embedding tool 41 is completely embedded in the lower plate 71, the one-side metal fitting 21 is placed on top to cover it, and the locking hole 26 and the female thread 46 of the embedding tool 41 are aligned concentrically. Then, the bolt 48 is inserted into the locking hole 26 and tightened to attach the one-side metal fitting 21 to the lower plate 71. The inside diameter of the entrance side of the locking hole 26 is enlarged, and the head of the bolt 48 is embedded therein, so the head does not protrude to the outside.

The other metal fitting 31 has downwardly projecting protrusions 34 on both the left and right sides, which fit into the storage section 24 of the one metal fitting 21. In addition, the other metal fitting 31 has a middle base 35 between the left and right protrusions 34, which is prevented from protruding downward, and has a locking hole 36 in its center. The middle base 35 fits between the left and right side bases 25 of the one metal fitting 21, so that after the one metal fitting 21 and the other metal fitting 31 come into surface contact, the one metal fitting 21 and the other metal fitting 31 move together in the horizontal direction.

The other metal fitting 31 is placed directly above the one metal fitting 21. Therefore, the other metal fitting 31 is attached to the end surface of the cutout 88 of the upper plate 81. However, to ensure that this does not interfere with the surface contact between the lower plate 71 and the upper plate 81, a storage groove 84 capable of accommodating the one metal fitting 21 and the other metal fitting 31 together is formed in the end surface of the cutout 88 of the upper plate 81. The storage groove 84 is formed by scraping away the end surface of the cutout 88 and does not reach the side surface of the upper plate 81, so that the one metal fitting 21 and the other metal fitting 31 are not exposed to the outside. Note that since the storage groove 84 is formed in each cutout 88, the two storage grooves 84 are positioned facing each other.

To attach the other metal fitting 31 to the upper plate 81, the same embedding tool 41 as in the lower plate 71 is embedded here as well. The lower hole 86 of the upper plate 81 is formed in the inner surface of the storage groove 84, and the embedding tool 41 is embedded there. After the other metal fitting 31 is stored in the storage groove 84, the bolt 48 is inserted from the locking hole 36 of the other metal fitting 31 toward the embedding tool 41. Note that the inner diameter of the entrance side of the locking hole 36 is enlarged in order to embed the head of the bolt 48 in the other metal fitting 31.

After the first metal fitting 21 is attached to the lower plate 71 and the second metal fitting 31 is attached to the upper plate 81, the first metal fitting 21 and the second metal fitting 31 are brought closer together, so that the protruding portion 34 of the second metal fitting 31 fits into the receiving portion 24 of the first metal fitting 21, and finally the first metal fitting 21 and the second metal fitting 31 come into surface contact and become one mass. At that time, the middle base 35 of the second metal fitting 31 is sandwiched between the left and right side bases 25 of the first metal fitting 21, so that the horizontal movement of both the first metal fitting 21 and the second metal fitting 31 relative to the other is restricted, and they can transmit horizontal loads. Furthermore, to integrate the first metal fitting 21 and the second metal fitting 31, a fixing pin 57 is inserted so as to penetrate both of them. For this purpose, a pin hole 27 is provided in the side base 25 of the first metal fitting 21, and a pin hole 37 is also provided in the protruding portion 34 of the second metal fitting 31. Naturally, both pin holes 27 and 37 are aligned concentrically when the first metal fitting 21 and the second metal fitting 31 come into surface contact.

A fixing hole 87 is formed on the side of the upper plate 81 to insert the fixing pin 57, and the fixing hole 87 reaches the storage groove 84. Naturally, the fixing hole 87 is arranged so as to be concentric with the pin holes 27, 37 of both the first metal fitting 21 and the second metal fitting 31 housed in the storage groove 84. The storage grooves 84 are arranged in two places. Therefore, the fixing holes 87 can be formed on both sides of the upper plate 81 and each can reach the adjacent storage groove 84. However, in this figure, a long fixing pin 57 is used, and it is assumed that it will penetrate both storage grooves 84 at once. As a result, the fixing hole 87 is exposed only on one side of the upper plate 81.

Figure 3 shows the upper plate 81 and the other metal fitting 31 of Figure 2 turned upside down. In this figure, the end surface of the cutout 88 of the upper plate 81 and its surroundings are depicted, and a storage groove 84 is formed in the end surface of the cutout 88. Note that the storage groove 84 is not simply rectangular, but has two chamfered corners to prevent it from entering the remaining part 83. A fixing hole 87 that reaches the storage groove 84 is formed in the side of the upper plate 81. In addition, for the other metal fitting 31, a middle base 35 is arranged between the left and right protruding parts 34, but this middle base 35 is lower in height than the protruding parts 34, and a locking hole 36 is provided in the center of the middle base 35.

In the middle of Figure 3, vertical cross sections of the upper plate 81 are shown, upside down. The one on the left has a cut surface at the center of the pilot hole 86, while the one on the right has a cut surface at the center of the fixing hole 87. In this way, the fixing hole 87 penetrates the two storage grooves 84, but does not penetrate both sides of the upper plate 81, and is exposed only on one side.

Figure 4 shows the state in which the first metal fitting 21 is attached to the lower plate 71 in Figure 2, and the second metal fitting 31 is attached to the upper plate 81. After embedding the embedding tool 41 in the pilot hole 76 of the lower plate 71, the first metal fitting 21 is placed on the upper end surface of the lower plate 71 so as to cover it, and then the bolt 48 is tightened, and the first metal fitting 21 is attached to the lower plate 71. The two corners of the first metal fitting 21 are chamfered, and by aligning them with the boundary between the missing part 73 and the remaining part 78, the first metal fitting 21 can be accurately positioned. The second metal fitting 31 is housed in the storage groove 84 of the upper plate 81, and is attached to the upper plate 81 via the embedding tool 41. As shown in this figure, the first metal fitting 21 and the second metal fitting 31 are arranged so that two pieces face each other. In addition, the fixing pin 57 is long so that one pin penetrates the two storage grooves 84.

Figure 5 shows the state in which the lower plate 71 and upper plate 81 of Figure 4 are fitted together. In addition, a cross section of the intersection of the lower plate 71 and upper plate 81 is drawn in the upper right corner of the figure. As shown in Figure 4, after the first metal fitting 21 and the second metal fitting 31 are attached, the remaining part 83 of the upper plate 81 is fitted into the missing part 73 of the lower plate 71, and the remaining part 78 of the lower plate 71 is fitted into the missing part 88 of the upper plate 81. Finally, as shown in this figure, the upper end surface of the lower plate 71 and the end surface of the missing part 88 of the upper plate 81 come into contact, completing the connection structure between the lower plate 71 and the upper plate 81.

When the lower plate 71 and upper plate 81 are fitted together, the first metal fitting 21 is also accommodated in the storage groove 84, where it comes into surface contact with the second metal fitting 31. Thereafter, the horizontal movement of the first metal fitting 21 and the second metal fitting 31 relative to each other is restricted by the accommodation portion 24 and the protruding portion 34, etc., so that the horizontal load can be transmitted between the first metal fitting 21 and the second metal fitting 31. As shown in the upper right of the figure, the missing portions 73, 88 and the remaining portions 78, 83 here are all isosceles right-angled triangles, with their vertices converging at the center of the connecting structure.

The fixing pin 57 penetrates the first metal fitting 21 and the second metal fitting 31, so that the upper plate 81 can be prevented from floating up. The lower plate 71 also receives the downward load transmitted from the upper plate 81, but this load is distributed over a wide area of the lower plate 71 via the embedding tool 41. Therefore, the compressive load acting on the contact surface between the lower plate 71 and the upper plate 81, such as the upper end surface of the lower plate 71 and the end surface of the missing part 88 of the upper plate 81, is alleviated, and the collapse can be suppressed. In addition, the first metal fitting 21, the second metal fitting 31, and the embedding tool 41 are embedded inside the lower plate 71 and the upper plate 81, and are not exposed to the outside, which is excellent in aesthetics. The fixing pin 57 is also exposed only on one of the two sides of the upper plate 81, so the impact on aesthetics is minimized.

Figure 6 shows the details of the lower board 71 in Figure 5. When using CLT as the lower board 71 and upper board 81, it is cut to the specified dimensions based on the design drawings and then cutouts 73 and the like are formed, but the front and back surfaces of the CLT are not processed in any way, so they will maintain their original state even after construction. The front and back surfaces of this CLT become the side surfaces of the lower board 71 and upper board 81, but because many lamina are lined up in the same direction on these surfaces, only the grain surface is exposed. In contrast, due to the arrangement of the lamina, at each end surface of the CLT, in addition to the grain surface, the end grain surface is also exposed.

Due to its nature, the plain grain surface exposed on the surface of CLT is prone to collapse when a compressive load is applied. Therefore, if a notch is formed in both the lower board 71 and the upper board 81 and they are fitted together, and then a horizontal load is applied to the lower board 71 or the upper board 81, the notch may press against the surface (plain grain) of the other board, causing a collapse.

As shown in this figure, the remaining part 78 is secured at the back side of the missing part 73, and the boundary surface between the missing part 73 and the remaining part 78 is tilted relative to the side of the lower board 71, so that the end grain surface is exposed at the boundary surface between the missing part 73 and the remaining part 78, where the upper board 81 comes into surface contact. Therefore, after the lower board 71 and the upper board 81 are fitted together, the end grain surfaces come into contact with each other, eliminating the strength weakness and preventing collapse.

Figure 7 shows the same connection structure as Figure 2, but differs from Figure 2 only in that the storage groove 84 is exposed on the side of the upper plate 81. A vertical cross section of the upper plate 81 is drawn on the right side of the figure. As shown in Figure 5 above, it is desirable to embed the first metal fitting 21 and the second metal fitting 31 in the lower plate 71 and upper plate 81 as much as possible. However, if there is a need to not cover the first metal fitting 21 and the second metal fitting 31 for various reasons, exposing the storage groove 84 on the side of the upper plate 81 in this way can simplify the work of forming the storage groove 84 and attaching the second metal fitting 31.

Figure 8 shows the state in which the first metal fitting 21 is attached to the lower plate 71 of Figure 7, and the second metal fitting 31 is attached to the upper plate 81. Here, the storage groove 84 is exposed on the side of the upper plate 81, and the pin hole 37 of the second metal fitting 31 is also exposed and not covered by the upper plate 81. However, a long fixing pin 57 is used to pass through both storage grooves 84 at once, and a fixing hole 87 is formed between the two storage grooves 84 to insert the fixing pin 57.

Figure 9 shows the lower plate 71 and upper plate 81 of Figure 8 fitted together. Here, the first metal fitting 21 and the second metal fitting 31 are exposed from the storage groove 84, and the fixing pin 57 is inserted therein. Note that in this figure, the first metal fitting 21 is attached to the lower plate 71, and the second metal fitting 31 is attached to the upper plate 81, but it is also possible to attach the second metal fitting 31 to the lower plate 71, and the first metal fitting 21 to the upper plate 81 in the opposite manner. In addition, the attachment points of the first metal fitting 21 and the second metal fitting 31 can be changed, and unlike this figure, it is also possible to use the end surface of the cutout portion 73 of the lower plate 71 and the lower end surface of the upper plate 81.

Figure 10 shows a different type of connection structure from the previous figures, in which the first metal fitting 22 and the second metal fitting 32 are cylindrical, and a deformed steel bar is used as the embedding tool 42. The first metal fitting 22 here is cylindrical with only the bottom end surface closed, and its interior functions as the storage section 24. It also has pin holes 27 at two locations, top and bottom, on the side periphery, and a locking hole 26 at the center of the bottom end surface. The pin holes 27 are provided on both sides of the storage section 24. The second metal fitting 32 is also cylindrical with only the top end surface closed, but has a smaller diameter than the first metal fitting 22, and can fit into the storage section 24 of the first metal fitting 22 without loosening. The second metal fitting 32 also has pin holes 37 at two locations, top and bottom, on the side periphery, and a locking hole 36 at the center of the top end surface.

The embedding tool 42 here is a deformed steel bar with ribs 49 formed on the side circumference, cut to a specified length, and a female thread 46 formed in the center of one end face. When embedding the embedding tool 42 in the pilot holes 76, 86, adhesive is applied around the ribs 49 in advance, and when this solidifies, the embedding tool 42 becomes one with the lower plate 71 and upper plate 81. In addition, when attaching the first metal fitting 22 and the second metal fitting 32 to the embedding tool 42, the locking holes 26, 36 and the female thread 46 of the embedding tool 42 are aligned concentrically, and then a bolt 48 is inserted inside the first metal fitting 22 or the second metal fitting 32, and its shaft reaches the female thread 46 through the locking holes 26, 36.

In this figure, the missing portion 73 of the lower plate 71 is triangular, but unlike the previous figures, it is formed on both sides of the lower plate 71, but only on one side, and the missing portion 73 is not exposed on the opposite side. The rear side of this missing portion 73 becomes the remaining portion 78. Also, a missing portion 88 corresponding to the lower plate 71 is formed on the upper plate 81, and the rear side of this becomes the remaining portion 83. Note that the remaining portions 78, 83 of each plate are fitted into the missing portions 88, 73 of the other plate, just as before.

A storage groove 74 is formed on the end surface of the cutout 73 of the lower plate 71 to accommodate the one-side metal fitting 22. The storage groove 74 here has a circular cross section that corresponds to the one-side metal fitting 22. A smaller diameter pilot hole 76 is formed on the back surface of the storage groove 74, into which the embedding tool 42 coated with adhesive is embedded. In addition, fixing holes 77 are formed at two locations, one above and one below, on the side surface of the lower plate 71 to insert the fixing pin 57. Similarly, a storage groove 84 is formed on the end surface of the cutout 88 of the upper plate 81 to accommodate the one-side metal fitting 22, and a pilot hole 86 is formed on the back surface, as well as a fixing hole 87 that intersects with the storage groove 84.

The other metal fitting 32 must be aligned concentrically with the one metal fitting 22, so it is placed on both the upper end surface of the lower plate 71 and the lower end surface of the upper plate 81. To attach the other metal fitting 32, pilot holes 76, 86 are formed in the remaining parts 78, 83 of both plates, into which the embedding tool 42 coated with adhesive is embedded. Next, the other metal fitting 32 is placed so as to cover the embedding tool 42, and finally the other metal fitting 32 is attached with the bolt 48. Therefore, after attachment, the other metal fitting 32 protrudes from the upper end surface of the lower plate 71 and the lower end surface of the upper plate 81.

Figure 11 shows the state in which the first metal fitting 22 and the second metal fitting 32 are attached to both the lower plate 71 and the upper plate 81 of Figure 10. For the lower plate 71, the embedding tool 42 is embedded in the two pilot holes 76, and then the first metal fitting 22 is embedded in the storage groove 74, and the embedding tool 42 and the first metal fitting 22 are integrated with the bolt 48. Therefore, the first metal fitting 22 is exposed at the end surface of the missing part 73 of the lower plate 71. The second metal fitting 32 is attached to the upper end surface of the lower plate 71. For the corresponding upper plate 81, the first metal fitting 22 is attached to the storage groove 84, and the second metal fitting 32 is attached to the lower end surface. Naturally, both second metal fittings 32 are aligned concentrically with the mating first metal fitting 22.

Figure 12 shows the state in which the lower plate 71 and the upper plate 81 in Figure 11 are fitted together. The flow when the first metal fitting 22 and the second metal fitting 32 are integrated is depicted at the bottom of the figure. As shown in Figure 11, after the first metal fitting 22 and the second metal fitting 32 are attached, the remaining part 83 of the upper plate 81 is fitted into the missing part 73 of the lower plate 71, and the remaining part 78 of the lower plate 71 is fitted into the missing part 88 of the upper plate 81. Eventually, the second metal fitting 32 fits inside the first metal fitting 22, and finally, as shown in this figure, the upper end surface of the lower plate 71 and the end surface of the missing part 88 of the upper plate 81 come into contact. At that time, the pin holes 27 and 37 of both the first metal fitting 22 and the second metal fitting 32 are aligned concentrically, so when the fixing pin 57 is inserted into the fixing holes 77 and 87 toward them, the connection structure between the lower plate 71 and the upper plate 81 is completed. By inserting the fixing pin 57 in this way, vertical loads can be transmitted between the first metal fitting 22 and the second metal fitting 32, reducing the load on the contact surface between the lower plate 71 and the upper plate 81.

11 Plates (those placed on the lower level)
12 Plates (those placed in the middle section)
13 Plates (those placed on the upper level)
21 One-sided metal fittings (square)
22 One-sided fittings (cylindrical)
24 Storage section 25 Side base 26 Locking hole 27 Pin hole 31 Other metal fitting (square)
32 Other fittings (cylindrical)
34 Protruding portion 35 Base 36 Locking hole 37 Pin hole 41 Buried tool (lag screw)
42 Burying tool (deformed steel bar)
44 Convex strip 45 Head 46 Female thread 48 Bolt 49 Rib 57 Fixing pin 71 Lower plate 73 Missing portion 74 Storage groove 76 Pre-drilled hole 77 Fixing hole 78 Remaining portion 81 Upper plate 83 Remaining portion 84 Storage groove 86 Pre-drilled hole 87 Fixing hole 88 Missing portion

Claims (3)

A building in which upright boards (11 to 13) are arranged horizontally at intervals and the boards (11 to 13) are stacked vertically to form a framework ,
The boards (11 to 13) are made of wood and have a thickness sufficient as a structural material for constructing the framework of the building.
Two of the plate materials (11 to 13) adjacent in the vertical direction are arranged so as to form an intersecting angle when viewed from directly above, the lower of the two plate materials (11 to 13) has a cut-out portion (73) extending downward from its upper end surface, and the upper of the two plate materials (11 to 13) has a cut-out portion (88) extending upward from its lower end surface . The lower and upper plate materials are combined at the points where the cut-out portions (73) and (88) are formed , thereby connecting the two plate materials (11 to 13), and the framework of the building is constructed by integrating a large number of the plate materials (11 to 13) through this combination .
The individual plate materials (11 to 13) are of two types: those that are arranged along the exterior wall surface, and those that are arranged to extend into the room. Of these, those that are arranged to extend into the room have one or both of their side end faces located inside the room in front of the exterior wall surface, leaving a space between the side end face and the exterior wall surface. This is a building characterized in that Of the two plate materials (11 to 13) adjacent in the vertical direction, the one disposed at the lower side is defined as a lower plate (71), and the one disposed at the upper side is defined as an upper plate (81);
The missing portion (73) of the lower plate (71) is formed by cutting out an upper portion of the lower plate (71) from a side surface in a thickness direction while leaving a remaining portion (78),
The recessed portion (88) of the upper plate (81) is formed by cutting out a lower portion of the upper plate (81) from a side surface in a thickness direction while leaving a remaining portion (83),
A building as described in claim 1, characterized in that the lower plate (71) and the upper plate (81) are connected by fitting the remaining portion (83) of the upper plate (81) into the missing portion (73) of the lower plate (71) and fitting the remaining portion (78) of the lower plate (71) into the missing portion (88) of the upper plate (81). In the contact surface between the lower plate (71) and the upper plate (81) adjacent in the vertical direction, where the lower plate (71) and the upper plate (81) overlap in the vertical direction, one metal fitting (21 or 22) is attached to one surface, and the other metal fitting (31 or 32) is attached to the remaining surface;
A building as described in claim 2, characterized in that when the one metal fitting (21 or 22) and the other metal fitting (31 or 32) are in surface contact with each other, the one metal fitting (21 or 22) and the other metal fitting (31 or 32 ) are integrated to prevent the upper plate (81) from floating up.

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