JP7624656B2 - Biotope experiment facility and aquatic life conservation facility - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a biotope experimental facility that is useful for the conservation of biodiversity and is suitable for studying the habitats and growth environments of animals and plants, and to a facility for the conservation of aquatic life that utilizes the biotope experimental facility and can be used for environmental conservation.

Animals and plants naturally live and grow in natural environments. For example, Patent Document 1 is known as a technology related to a system that supports plant growth. The "Patent Document 1's "Phaseolitis System and Seedolitis Method Using the System, and Phaseolitis Transplanting Method" is generally composed of a seedbed, a water supply system that supplies water to the seedbed, and a reservoir for germination and rooting. The seedbed is constructed by laying seedbed materials at the bottom and filling it with water so that the water level is higher than the top of the seedbed materials. The water supply system is composed of an open-type water tank that stores water conveyed from a river as a water source, and a water supply pipe that connects the open-type water tank to the seedbed, and the water supplied from the water supply system flows in the seedbed and the reservoir for germination and rooting.

JP 2003-143942 A

As part of efforts to protect the natural environment of the Earth, there is a growing call for the protection of diverse living organisms, and there is a need for experimental facilities to study the habitats and growth environments of animals and plants, which will contribute to the conservation of biodiversity.

It is also hoped that research results will be reflected in order to achieve environmental conservation that is compatible with biodiversity.

The present invention was devised in consideration of the above-mentioned conventional problems, and aims to provide a biotope experimental facility that is useful for the conservation of biodiversity and is suitable for studying the habitats and growth environments of animals and plants, as well as a conservation facility for aquatic life that utilizes the biotope experimental facility and can be used for environmental conservation.

The biotope experimental facility of the present invention is characterized by comprising a pond water channel through which pond water flows from a supply section to a discharge section, an experimental pond provided in the pond water channel in which the pond water is stored, and a water level adjustment means provided in the experimental pond for adjusting the water level of the experimental pond.

The system is characterized in that it is equipped with a pond water circulation system that supplies pond water from the discharge unit to the supply unit and circulates it to the pond, a pond water level adjustment means that adjusts the water level of the pond, a water intake means that supplies pond water to the pond water channel, and an inflow adjustment means that adjusts the amount of pond water that flows from the pond water channel to the experimental pond, and the discharge unit is a water supply source into which pond water discharged via the pond water level adjustment means and the water level adjustment means, as well as excess pond water discharged from the pond water channel, flows and is supplied to the pond water circulation system.

The pond water channel is provided with a plurality of experimental ponds, which are excavated to different depths.

It is characterized by being equipped with a well water supply system that supplies well water to the pond water channel.

The aquatic life conservation facility according to the present invention is characterized in that the pond in the biotope experimental facility is a pond requiring the conservation of aquatic life.

The biotope experimental facility of the present invention allows convenient research into the habitats and growth environments of animals and plants in ponds, which can be useful in conserving biodiversity, and the aquatic life conservation facility of the present invention can be used to effectively conserve the environment for aquatic life.

1 is a configuration diagram showing a preferred embodiment of a biotope experimental facility and an aquatic organism conservation facility according to the present invention. FIG. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a water level adjustment means provided in the facility of FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is a side cross-sectional view of the water level adjustment means shown in FIG. 2 . FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the height positional relationship of an experimental pond provided in the facility shown in FIG. 1.

Below, a preferred embodiment of the biotope experimental facility of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings.

As shown in FIG. 1, the biotope experimental facility 1 according to this embodiment is configured with a pond 2. The pond 2 may be one that is naturally created or one that is artificially constructed.

At the end 2a of the pond 2, a discharge basin 3 is provided, which serves as a discharge section for collecting pond water discharged from the pond 2. The discharge basin 3 is provided, for example, at a position lower than the lowest water level among the managed water levels set for the pond 2.

A drainage weir 4 with an adjustable opening angle is provided between the discharge basin 3 and the pond 2 as a pond water level adjustment means for adjusting the water level of the pond 2. The controlled water level controls the amount of water in the pond 2. The pond water is drained by opening the drainage weir 4 to adjust the water level, and flows into the discharge basin 3 for collection.

The pond 2 is equipped with a pond water circulation system 5 that supplies pond water from a discharge manhole 3 to a supply manhole 7, which serves as the supply section, and circulates the water in the pond 2.

The pond water circulation system 5 is composed of a water supply pump 6 installed in the discharge manhole 3 to supply the pond water stored in the discharge manhole 3, a supply manhole 7 installed at the end 2b of the pond 2 to store the pond water sent from the water supply pump 6, a circulation pipe 8 that connects the supply manhole 7 and the water supply pump 6 to send the pond water, and a return pump 9 installed in the supply manhole 7 to return the pond water in the supply manhole 7 to the pond 2.

The pond water is preferably circulated from the supply manhole 7 to the second pond by the return pump 9 toward the end 2b of the pond 2 opposite the discharge manhole 3. Therefore, the discharge manhole 3 serves as the water source when the pond water circulation system 5 circulates the pond water.

In this embodiment, the discharge manhole 3 and the supply manhole 7 refer to the place where pond water is discharged and the place where pond water is supplied in the biotope experimental facility 1, respectively. For example, if the pond 2 is on a slope, the discharge manhole 3 and the supply manhole 7 are installed along the slope, with the discharge manhole 3 at a low position and the supply manhole 7 at a high position.

A pond water channel 10 is provided on the side of the pond 2, adjacent to the pond 2, with a supply side end 10a positioned near a supply manhole 7 provided at the end 2b of the pond 2, and a discharge side end 10b connected to a discharge manhole 3.

The pond water channel 10 can be dug below the ground surface and formed as a channel open to the atmosphere, such as one into which rainwater pours, or as a culvert.

The supply manhole 7 is provided with a water intake pump 11 as a water intake means for taking in a portion of the pond water in the supply manhole 7 and supplying it to the pond water channel 10. A portion of the pond water is taken in and supplied to the pond water channel 10 from the supply end 10a by the water intake pump 11.

The pond water channel 10 is formed as a sloping channel so that pond water taken from the supply manhole 7 flows naturally down from the supply manhole 7 side (supply end 10a) to the discharge manhole 3 side (discharge end 10b) and into the discharge manhole 3.

The pond water flowing through the pond water channel 10 is supplied to the experimental ponds 12a to 12c described below, and excess pond water is discharged into the discharge basin 3.

The pond water channel 10 is provided with experimental ponds 12a-12c in which the taken pond water is stored via a branch channel 13. In the illustrated example, three experimental ponds 12a-12c are provided, but it goes without saying that there may be only one.

Experimental ponds 12a to 12c were created by digging holes in the ground surrounding pond 2 and storing pond water in them.

A weir 14 with an adjustable opening is provided in the branch channel 13 between the experimental ponds 12a to 12c and the pond water channel 10 as an inflow adjustment means for adjusting the amount of pond water flowing from the pond water channel 10 into the experimental ponds 12a to 12c.

The experimental ponds 12a to 12c are provided with water level adjustment means 15 for adjusting the water levels of the experimental ponds 12a to 12c. As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the water level adjustment means 15 is installed at the intake 16a of the discharge pipe 16 buried in the bottom of the experimental ponds 12a to 12c.

The water level adjustment means 15 is a bottom plate 17 with a lower water passage hole 17a attached and fixed to the discharge pipe 16, covering the intake port 16a that opens upward. A screw shaft 18 is provided on the bottom plate 17 from the center position so that it can rotate freely, and a pair of guide rods 19 are provided on both sides of the screw shaft 18. These guide rods 19 are inserted so as to prevent rotation, and a nut 20 that screws into the screw shaft 18 is fixed. A top plate 21 with an upper water passage hole 21a is provided facing the bottom plate 17, and an impermeable bellows-shaped sleeve 22 that can expand and contract in the vertical direction is provided between the top plate 21 and the bottom plate 17. A hemispherical mesh body (not shown in FIG. 2) 23 is provided on the top plate 21, through which the guide rods 19 and screw shaft 18 pass, to prevent foreign matter from flowing into the discharge pipe 16. The upper ends of the pair of guide rods 19 are connected and fixed to a band-shaped U-frame 24 attached and fixed to the outside of the discharge pipe 16 so as to sandwich the bottom plate 17. The upper end of the screw shaft 18 is connected to a rotating operation handle 25 above, having passed through the U-frame 24. Furthermore, a cylindrical mesh body 26 is provided on the outside of the U-frame 24, surrounding the bellows-shaped sleeve 22, to prevent foreign matter from accumulating around the bellows-shaped sleeve 22 and causing the water level adjustment means 15 to malfunction.

The water level of the experimental ponds 12a to 12c is determined by the position of the upper water passage 21a of the top plate 21, and the pond water above that position flows from the upper water passage 21a into the bellows-shaped sleeve 22 and is drained into the discharge pipe 16 through the lower water passage 17a of the bottom plate 17.

When the screw shaft 18 is rotated by manually rotating the rotating handle 25, the top plate 21, which determines the position of the upper water passage hole 21a, is prevented from rotating by a pair of guide rods 19. The top plate 21 moves up and down in the height direction of the screw shaft 18 as the bellows-shaped sleeve 22 expands and contracts.

By moving the top plate 21 up and down, the position of the upper water hole 21a, which adjusts the water level of the experimental ponds 12a to 12c, moves up and down, and the water level of the experimental ponds 12a to 12c is adjusted (see water level adjustment range H in Figure 3).

When the top plate 21 of the water level adjustment means 15 is moved up and down to adjust the water level, the bellows-shaped sleeve 22 expands and contracts, so there is no need to change the height position of the bottom plate 17. Unlike structures in which the entire water level adjustment means must be moved up and down, there is no need to excavate the bottom of the experimental ponds 12a to 12c deeper than necessary.

The screw shaft 18 may be rotated by a remotely controlled motor drive system without manually operating the rotation operating handle 25.

As shown in FIG. 1, the discharge pipe 16 is connected to a drainage pipe 27 extending from the discharge basin 3 at a meeting point 28, and the pond water discharged from the experimental ponds 12a to 12c by the water level adjustment means 15 is discharged toward the discharge basin 3 and collected.

In this embodiment, multiple branch channels 13 are connected in parallel to the pond water channel 10, and multiple experimental ponds 12a to 12c (first to third experimental ponds) are provided in parallel via these branch channels 13.

These experimental ponds 12a to 12c were excavated at different depths from the ground surface along a sloping pond water channel 10 that runs from the supply manhole 7 to the discharge manhole 3 in order to create different habitats for animals and plants.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4, for example, the excavation depth D2 of the second experimental pond 12b is set deeper (D2>D1) than the excavation depth D1 of the first experimental pond 12a, and the excavation depth D3 of the third experimental pond 12c is set even deeper (D3>D2>D1) than the excavation depths D1 and D2 of the first and second experimental ponds 12a and 12b.

In the illustrated example, one experimental pond 12a-12c is provided for each branch channel 13, but multiple experimental ponds may be provided by branching one branch channel 13. In this case, the excavation depth of the experimental ponds may be the same or different.

The biotope experimental facility 1 according to this embodiment is further provided with a well water supply system 30 for pumping well water from a well 29 and for adjusting the water temperature of the pond 2 and the experimental ponds 12a to 12c.

The well water supply system 30 is composed of a well 29 constructed, for example, near the supply manhole 7, a pump 31 that pumps up well water from the well 29, and a water supply pipe 33 that has an on-off valve 32 and is connected to the pump 31, and that supplies well water to the pond 2, the supply end 10a of the pond water channel 10, and each branch flow path 13 when the on-off valve 32 is opened.

In addition, as ancillary equipment, water thermometers 34 and control/observation cameras 35 are provided in appropriate locations in each of the experimental ponds 12a-12c and pond 2.

The pumping pump 31 of the well water supply system 30 is operated or stopped and the on-off valve 32 is opened or closed depending on the water temperature detected by the water temperature gauge 34. By operating the pumping pump 31 to supply well water, the water temperature at each location can be adjusted.

Specifically, in the summer, when the water temperature is high, well water is supplied to lower the water temperature, while in the winter, when the water temperature is low, well water is supplied to raise the water temperature.

To explain the operation of the biotope experimental facility 1 according to this embodiment, the pond 2 provides a natural environment that comprehensively reflects biodiversity, and various animals and plants live and grow there. The water level in the pond 2 is usually regulated by opening and closing the drainage weir 4, and surplus pond water is discharged from the pond 2, including during rainfall, and collected in the discharge basin 3.

The pond water circulation system 5 is operated by operating the water supply pump 6 in the discharge manhole 3 and the return pump 9 in the supply manhole 7. When the pond water circulation system 5 is operated, the pond water in the discharge manhole 3 is supplied to the supply manhole 7 by the water supply pump 6, and the pond water in the supply manhole 7 is circulated and supplied to the pond 2 by the return pump 9. Any increase in the amount of pond water supplied is collected in the discharge manhole 3 by opening the drainage weir 4. The pond water in pond 2 can be replaced sequentially while the pond water circulation system 5 circulates it to the pond 2.

When pond water is to be stored in the experimental ponds 12a to 12c, the weir 14 of the branch flow path 13 is opened and the intake pump 11 is operated to supply pond water from the supply manhole 7 to the pond water channel 10, and the pond water flowing through the pond water channel 10 is guided from the branch flow path 13 to the experimental ponds 12a to 12c. Pond water flows into the experimental ponds 12a to 12c and is stored there. Therefore, the pond water in the experimental ponds 12a to 12c has the same water quality as the pond water in pond 2. The water level of the experimental ponds 12a to 12c is adjusted by the height position of the top plate 21 of the water level adjustment means 15, and excess pond water is drained from the discharge pipe 16 to the discharge manhole 3 and collected.

In the management and operation of the experimental ponds 12a to 12c after the pond water has been stored, the amount of pond water flowing into the experimental ponds 12a to 12c is adjusted by adjusting the opening of the weir 14. In the experimental ponds 12a to 12c, the increase in the amount of inflowing pond water caused by the opening of the weir 14 is discharged from the water level adjustment means 15 through the discharge pipe 16 to the discharge basin 3 and collected. By setting the top plate 21 of the water level adjustment means 15 to the lowest height position, almost all of the pond water can be drained from the experimental ponds 12a to 12c.

Specific animals can be transferred from pond 2 to experimental ponds 12a to 12c, and specific plants can be transplanted therein, creating individual environments that can be useful for research.

The water levels of the experimental ponds 12a-12c can be adjusted by the water level adjustment means 15, so that the water depths of the experimental ponds 12a-12c can be set to suit the various types of organisms to be inhabited and grown, making the experimental ponds 12a-12c highly flexible. In addition, by providing multiple experimental ponds 12a-12c, multiple research projects can be carried out simultaneously.

Since the multiple experimental ponds 12a-12c are excavated at different depths, these multiple experimental ponds 12a-12c can be used to conduct experiments and research on the habitat and growth of animals and plants in a variety of different environments.

The water supply from the supply manhole 7 to the pond water channel 10 can be switched on and off by operating and stopping the water intake pump 11, and the pond water can be made to flow into the pond water channel 10 at all times or only when necessary.

The excess pond water that flows through the pond water channel 10 and is not introduced into the experimental ponds 12a to 12c flows into the discharge basin 3, which is the water supply source, so the pond water can be used effectively without being wasted.

Well water can be appropriately supplied from the well water supply system 30 equipped with an on-off valve 32 to the pond 2, the pond water channel 10, and the branch channel 13, so the water temperature in each location can be adjusted individually.

The biotope experimental facility 1 according to this embodiment is equipped with a pond water channel 10 through which pond water from pond 2 flows from a supply basin 7 to a discharge basin 3, experimental ponds 12a-12c installed in the pond water channel 10 and in which pond water is stored, and water level adjustment means 15 installed in the experimental ponds 12a-12c for adjusting the water level of the experimental ponds 12a-12c. The experimental ponds 12a-12c for the pond water make it possible to conveniently study the habitats and growth environments of animals and plants in pond 2 in various ways, which is useful for the conservation of biodiversity, and can therefore be used for compensatory mitigation, providing compensatory resources as compensation for the impacts on the environment caused by development activities.

The biotope experimental facility 1 of this embodiment can be used as a conservation facility for aquatic organisms that live and grow in the pond 2.

In other words, by making a pond in need of aquatic life conservation the pond 2 in the biotope experimental facility 1 shown in Figure 1 above, an aquatic life conservation facility 1 is constructed.

Pond water is introduced into the experimental ponds 12a-12c via the pond water channel 10 from the pond 2 in which aquatic life needs to be preserved, and the organisms are transferred from the pond 2, so that the experimental ponds 12a-12c can be used as a facility for collecting data on the preservation of aquatic life. In this way, the biotope experimental facility 1 can be made into a preservation facility 1 for the aquatic life that inhabits and grows in the pond 2 in which aquatic life needs to be preserved.

The above embodiment is not the only possible embodiment, and various modifications are possible without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, the drainage weir 4 and weir 14 are freely adjustable in opening, but they may be configured to be adjustable by the opening of a door or the like, or may be configured to have a wall-shaped weir member whose height position can be adjusted from the bottom of the flow path to a specified height. In addition, the return pump 9 and the intake pump 11 are not essential, and the supply manhole 7 may be directly connected to the end 2b of the pond 2 and the supply side end 10a of the pond water channel 10.

1 Biotope experimental facility, aquatic organism conservation facility 2 Pond 3 Discharge basin 4 Drainage weir 5 Pond water circulation system 7 Supply basin 10 Pond water channel 11 Water intake pump 12a to 12c Experimental pond 14 Weir 15 Water level adjustment means 30 Well water supply system

Claims (4)

A pond and
A pond water channel through which pond water from the pond flows from a supply section to a discharge section;
an experimental pond provided in the pond water channel and capable of storing pond water;
A water level adjusting means is provided in the experimental pond and adjusts the water level of the experimental pond;
a pond water circulation system that supplies pond water from the discharge section to the supply section and circulates the water in the pond;
A pond water level adjusting means for adjusting the water level of the pond;
A water intake means for supplying pond water to the pond water channel;
an inflow adjustment means for adjusting the amount of water flowing into the experimental pond from the pond water channel;
A biotope experimental facility characterized in that the discharge section is a water supply source into which the pond water discharged via the pond water level adjustment means and the water level regulation means, as well as excess pond water discharged from the pond water channel, flow and which supplies water to the pond water circulation system. The biotope experimental facility according to claim 1, characterized in that the pond water channel is provided with a plurality of experimental ponds, each of which is excavated to a different depth. The biotope experimental facility according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is equipped with a well water supply system that supplies well water to the pond water channel. An aquatic life conservation facility, characterized in that the pond in the biotope experimental facility described in any one of claims 1 to 3 is a pond requiring the conservation of aquatic life.

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