JP7627366B2 - 陽極活性物質、その製造方法及びそれを用いたリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
陽極活性物質、その製造方法及びそれを用いたリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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Description
size)と二次粒子径(aggregate particle size)とに分けることができ、最小単位粒子の粒子径は、陽極活物質M1/複合材料200の一次粒子径(5nm~1000nm)であり、粉末粒子/凝集体の粒子径は、陽極活物質M1/複合材料200の二次粒子径(1~500μm)である。
11 陰極
110 陰極材料層
111 陰極集電体
12 ダイヤフラム
13 陽極
130 陽極材料層
131 陽極集電体
200 複合材料
210 シリコン粒子
220 セラミック材料
230 導電性カーボン
M1 陽極活物質
M2 導電性材料
M3 接着剤
S110~S130、S210~S270 陽極活性物質の製造方法のフローチャート
Claims (15)
- シリコン粒子と、セラミック材料と、導電性カーボンとを含む複合材料を備える二次電池用陽極活物質であって、
前記セラミック材料は、前記シリコン粒子の表面の少なくとも一部の区域に形成されており、
前記導電性カーボンは、前記シリコン粒子及び前記セラミック材料を覆うように前記セラミック材料上に形成されており、
前記セラミック材料の化学式は、MxSi12-(m+n)Al(m+n)OnN16-nであり、
前記化学式においてMは、イットリウム(Yttrium,Y)、ジルコニウム(Zirconium,Zr)、ロジウム(Rhodium,Rh)、パラジウム(Palladium,Pd)、リチウム(Lithium,Li)、マグネシウム(Magnesium,Mg)、カルシウム(Calcium,Ca)、バリウム(Barium,Ba)、セリウム(Cerium,Ce)、ネオジム(Neodymium,Nd)、ユウロピウム(Europium,Eu)、イッテルビウム(Ytterbium,Yb)の元素又はその化合物における何れか一つであり、
前記化学式においてx=0.01~0.5,m=0.1~2,n=0.1~3である、ことを特徴とする二次電池用陽極活物質。 - 前記複合材料は、有機溶剤に浸漬したシリコン材料に対してプラズマ処理を行うことにより前記シリコン粒子を被覆する前記セラミック材料を得ることにより生成され、前記有機溶剤にはアルコール化合物、アルミニウム化合物及びフラックスが含まれる、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の二次電池用陽極活物質。
- 前記複合材料は粉末状であり、且つ、その二次粒子径は1~500μmの間である、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の二次電池用陽極活物質。
- 前記複合材料の一次粒子径は5nm以上1000nm以下である、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の二次電池用陽極活物質。
- 前記シリコン粒子は、球状ユニット及び線状ユニットのうちの少なくとも一つを含む、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の二次電池用陽極活物質。
- 前記球状ユニットの直径は5nm~1000nmであり、前記線状ユニットの直径は2nm~40nmの間である、ことを特徴とする請求項5に記載の二次電池用陽極活物質。
- 前記セラミック材料の厚さは0.1nm~3nmの間である、ことを特徴とする請求項6に記載の二次電池用陽極活物質。
- 前記導電性カーボンの厚さは3nm~10nmの間である、ことを特徴とする請求項7に記載の二次電池用陽極活物質。
- 陰極と、
ダイヤフラムと、
陽極とを備えるリチウム二次電池であって、
前記陰極及び前記陽極は前記ダイヤフラムの両側に配置され、前記陽極は陽極活性物質を含み、且つ、前記陽極活性物質はシリコン粒子、セラミック材料及び導電性カーボンから構成される複合材料が含まれており、
前記セラミック材料の化学式は、MxSi12-(m+n)Al(m+n)OnN16-nであり、
前記化学式においてMは、イットリウム(Yttrium,Y)、ジルコニウム(Zirconium,Zr)、ロジウム(Rhodium,Rh)、パラジウム(Palladium,Pd)、リチウム(Lithium,Li)、マグネシウム(Magnesium,Mg)、カルシウム(Calcium,Ca)、バリウム(Barium,Ba)、セリウム(Cerium,Ce)、ネオジム(Neodymium,Nd)、ユウロピウム(Europium,Eu)、イッテルビウム(Ytterbium,Yb)の元素又はその化合物における何れか一つであり、
前記化学式においてx=0.01~0.5,m=0.1~2,n=0.1~3である、ことを特徴とするリチウム二次電池。 - 前記陽極活性物質が前記陽極において占める重量パーセントは少なくとも70%である、ことを特徴とする請求項9に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 反応チャンバに有機溶剤を加え、前記反応チャンバ内には複数の電極が設けられており、且つ、前記有機溶剤には、アルコール化合物、アルミニウム化合物及びフラックスが含まれ、
シリコン材料を前記反応チャンバ内に配置して前記有機溶剤と接触させ、
シリコン粒子、セラミック材料及び導電性カーボンを含む複合材料を生成するため、複数の前記電極に電圧を印加してプラズマ処理を行い、
前記有機溶剤はプラズマ処理中に加熱されて、前記シリコン粒子の表面を覆う前記セラミック材料が生成され、
前記セラミック材料の化学式は、MxSi12-(m+n)Al(m+n)OnN16-nであり、
前記化学式においてMは、イットリウム(Yttrium,Y)、ジルコニウム(Zirconium,Zr)、ロジウム(Rhodium,Rh)、パラジウム(Palladium,Pd)、リチウム(Lithium,Li)、マグネシウム(Magnesium,Mg)、カルシウム(Calcium,Ca)、バリウム(Barium,Ba)、セリウム(Cerium,Ce)、ネオジム(Neodymium,Nd)、ユウロピウム(Europium,Eu)、イッテルビウム(Ytterbium,Yb)の元素又はその化合物における何れか一つであり、
前記化学式においてx=0.01~0.5,m=0.1~2,n=0.1~3である、ことを特徴とする陽極活性物質の製造方法。 - 前記フラックスの組成には、イットリウム、ジルコニウム、ロジウム、パラジウム、リチウム、マグネシウム、カルシウム、バリウム、セリウム、ネオジム、ユウロピウム、及びイッテルビウムの元素又はその化合物の何れか一つが含まれる、ことを特徴とする請求項11に記載の陽極活性物質の製造方法。
- 前記複合材料に濾過処理を行い、
濾過後の前記複合材料に熱処理を行う、ことを特徴とする請求項11に記載の陽極活性物質の製造方法。 - 前記熱処理には、前記複合材料が不活性環境下で900℃~1500℃の加熱温度で加熱して、粉末状の前記複合材料を生成するステップが含まれる、ことを特徴とする請求項13に記載の陽極活性物質の製造方法。
- 前記加熱温度は1200℃~1500℃以下である、ことを特徴とする請求項14に記載の陽極活性物質の製造方法。
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