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JP7630335B2 - Power Management System - Google Patents
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JP7630335B2 - Power Management System - Google Patents

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JP7630335B2
JP7630335B2 JP2021058692A JP2021058692A JP7630335B2 JP 7630335 B2 JP7630335 B2 JP 7630335B2 JP 2021058692 A JP2021058692 A JP 2021058692A JP 2021058692 A JP2021058692 A JP 2021058692A JP 7630335 B2 JP7630335 B2 JP 7630335B2
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崚 松崎
和徹 南
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Osaka Gas Co Ltd
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Description

本発明は、複数の施設の夫々に設置されて電力を出力可能な電源装置と、複数の電源装置との間で施設の外部から通信を行うことができる管理装置とを備える電源管理システムに関する。 The present invention relates to a power management system that includes a power supply device that is installed in each of a number of facilities and is capable of outputting electric power, and a management device that can communicate with the multiple power supply devices from outside the facilities.

特許文献1に開示されているように、バーチャルパワープラント(VPP:Virtual Power Plant)という概念に基づいて、複数の施設及び電源装置と管理装置とを有する電源管理システムが提案されている。 As disclosed in Patent Document 1, a power management system is proposed that has multiple facilities, power supply devices, and a management device based on the concept of a virtual power plant (VPP).

電源管理システムにおいて、調整力の供出指令を管理装置が受信すると、管理装置は、供出の当日に各施設の電源装置の調整力を電力系統に供出する。このように、分散して配置された複数の施設及び電源装置を管理装置によってまとめることにより、複数の施設及び電源装置を、一つの発電所や消費市場として機能させることができる。 In the power management system, when the management device receives a command to provide adjustment power, the management device provides the adjustment power of the power supply devices of each facility to the power grid on the day of provision. In this way, by consolidating multiple facilities and power supply devices that are located in separate locations using the management device, the multiple facilities and power supply devices can function as a single power plant or consumer market.

特開2018-125907号公報JP 2018-125907 A

一般に電源装置は、長期間に亘って運転すると、各種の要因により劣化が進行するのであり、劣化が進行した電源装置では、発電効率が低下することがある。電源装置の運転状態や周囲の環境等の違いにより、複数の電源装置において、劣化の進行は互いに異なるものとなるのであり、発電効率も互いに異なるものとなる。 Generally, when a power supply device is operated for a long period of time, it deteriorates due to various factors, and the power generation efficiency of a power supply device that has deteriorated may decrease. Due to differences in the operating state of the power supply device and the surrounding environment, the progression of deterioration will differ among multiple power supply devices, and the power generation efficiency will also differ from one another.

本発明は、電源管理システムにおいて、複数の電源装置の発電効率が互いに異なるものとなっても、各施設の受電点電力の下げ及び上げが適切に行えるように構成することを目的としている。 The present invention aims to configure a power management system that can appropriately lower and raise the power at the receiving point of each facility even if the power generation efficiency of multiple power supply devices differs from one another.

本発明は、複数の施設の夫々に設置されて電力を出力可能な電源装置と、複数の前記電源装置との間で前記施設の外部から通信を行うことができる管理装置とを備える電源管理システムであって、前記電源装置は、電力を電力負荷部に供給可能で、且つ、電力を電力系統に供給可能な状態及び前記電力系統から前記電力負荷部に供給可能な状態で前記電力系統と連系されており、夫々の前記電源装置の劣化状態を検出する劣化状態検出部が備えられ、前記管理装置は、調整力の供出指令を受信すると共に、前記劣化状態に基づいて、受信した前記供出指令の出力要請値を複数に分割し複数の前記電源装置に割り当てて、割り当て値に応じた前記電源装置の出力電力を定める出力制御指令を、複数の前記電源装置に対して送信する指令送信処理を行う。 The present invention is a power management system including power supply devices installed in each of a plurality of facilities and capable of outputting electric power, and a management device capable of communicating with the plurality of power supply devices from outside the facilities, the power supply devices being capable of supplying electric power to electric power loads and being connected to the electric power system in a state in which electric power can be supplied to the electric power system and from the electric power system to the electric power loads, each of the power supply devices being provided with a degradation state detection unit that detects the degradation state of each of the power supply devices, the management device receiving a supply command for adjustment power, and performing a command transmission process in which the output request value of the received supply command is divided into multiple parts based on the degradation state, and assigned to the plurality of power supply devices, and an output control command that determines the output power of the power supply device according to the assigned value is transmitted to the plurality of power supply devices.

本発明によると、供出指令を管理装置が受信した場合、管理装置は、各施設における受点電力の下げ及び上げを行う為に、供出指令の出力要請値を複数の割り当て値に分割して各電源装置に割り当てる。
管理装置は、電源装置の各々において受電点電力の下げを行う際、電源装置に対して出力制御指令としての受電点電力下げ指令を送信することで、当該受電点下げ指令に含まれる割り当て値に基づいて電源装置の出力電力を増加させて調整力を創出させる。当該割り当て値に相当する電力(各施設の調整力)が電力系統に供出されることで、管理装置は供出指令の出力要請値に相当する電力(合計の調整力)を供出できたことになる。
管理装置は、電源装置の各々において受電点電力の上げを行う際、電源装置に対して出力制御指令としての受電点電力上げ指令を送信することで、当該受電点上げ指令に含まれる割り当て値に基づいて電源装置の出力電力を減少させて調整力を創出させる。当該割り当て値に相当する電力(各施設の調整力)が各施設に導入されることで、管理装置は供出指令の出力要請値に相当する電力(合計の調整力)を供出できたことになる。
According to the present invention, when a supply command is received by a management device, the management device divides the output request value of the supply command into multiple allocation values and allocates them to each power supply device in order to reduce or increase the receiving point power at each facility.
When the management device reduces the power receiving point power of each power supply device, the management device transmits a power receiving point power reduction command as an output control command to the power supply device, thereby increasing the output power of the power supply device based on the allocation value included in the power receiving point reduction command, thereby creating adjustment power. By supplying power equivalent to the allocation value (adjustment power of each facility) to the power grid, the management device is able to supply power (total adjustment power) equivalent to the output request value of the supply command.
When increasing the power receiving point power of each power supply device, the management device transmits a power receiving point power increase command as an output control command to the power supply device, thereby reducing the output power of the power supply device based on the allocation value included in the power receiving point increase command, thereby creating adjustment power. By introducing power equivalent to the allocation value (adjustment power of each facility) to each facility, the management device is able to supply power (total adjustment power) equivalent to the output request value of the supply command.

複数の電源装置において、劣化の進行は互いに異なるものとなるのであり、発電効率も互いに異なるものとなる。
本発明によると、供出指令の出力要請値を複数の割り当て値に分割して電源装置に割り当てる際、電源装置の劣化状態に基づいて割り当て値を設定することにより、劣化の進行した電源装置のさらなる劣化の進行を抑えながら、複数の電源装置の全体として発電を無駄なく行うことができる割り当て値を設定することができる。
これにより、複数の電源装置の全体として発電を無駄なく行いながら、各施設の受電点電力の下げ及び上げが適切に行えることができて、電源管理システムの効率の向上を図ることができる。
The progression of deterioration will differ among a plurality of power supply devices, and the power generation efficiency will also differ among the devices.
According to the present invention, when the output request value of the supply command is divided into multiple allocation values and allocated to the power supply units, the allocation values are set based on the deterioration state of the power supply units, thereby making it possible to set allocation values that enable the multiple power supply units as a whole to generate power efficiently while suppressing further deterioration of power supply units that are already severely deteriorated.
This allows the power receiving point power of each facility to be appropriately increased or decreased while the multiple power supply devices as a whole generate power efficiently, thereby improving the efficiency of the power management system.

本発明において、前記電源装置に、前記電源装置の出力電力が減少すると発電効率又は充放電効率が低下する電源装置が含まれていると好適である。 In the present invention, it is preferable that the power supply device includes a power supply device whose power generation efficiency or charging/discharging efficiency decreases when the output power of the power supply device decreases.

施設に設けられる電源装置としては、例えば燃料電池装置や充放電装置等のように、電源装置の出力電力が減少すると発電効率又は充放電効率が低下する電源装置が含まれていることがある。
本発明によると、電源装置の劣化状態に基づいて割り当て値を設定することにより、劣化の進行した電源装置のさらなる劣化の進行を抑えながら、出力電力が大きく減少操作される電源装置を少なくすることができるので、電源管理システムの効率の向上の面で有利である。
Power supply devices installed in facilities may include power supply devices, such as fuel cell devices and charge/discharge devices, whose power generation efficiency or charge/discharge efficiency decreases when the output power of the power supply device decreases.
According to the present invention, by setting an allocation value based on the deterioration state of a power supply device, it is possible to suppress further deterioration of a deteriorated power supply device while reducing the number of power supply devices that are operated with a large reduction in output power, which is advantageous in terms of improving the efficiency of the power supply management system.

本発明において、前記施設の受電点電力を下げるために前記管理装置から複数の前記電源装置に前記出力制御指令としての受電点電力下げ指令を指令する際、前記劣化状態が他の前記電源装置よりも低い前記電源装置に対しては、前記割り当て値を、他の前記電源装置の前記割り当て値よりも増加させると好適である。 In the present invention, when the management device issues a command to reduce the power receiving point power as the output control command to the multiple power supply devices in order to reduce the power receiving point power of the facility, it is preferable to increase the allocation value of the power supply device whose degradation state is lower than the other power supply devices, more than the allocation values of the other power supply devices.

本発明によると、管理装置が施設の受電点電力を下げるための受電点電力下げ指令を指令する際、劣化状態の低い電源装置に対して、割り当て値を、他の電源装置の割り当て値よりも増加させる操作が行われる。
これにより、劣化状態の低い電源装置(劣化が進行していない電源装置)では、出力電力の増加が大きく、劣化状態の高い電源装置(劣化が進行した電源装置)では、出力電力の増加が小さい状態が得られるので、劣化の進行した電源装置のさらなる劣化の進行を抑えることができる。
According to the present invention, when the management device issues a command to reduce the power receiving point power to reduce the power receiving point of the facility, an operation is performed to increase the allocation value of a power supply device in a less deteriorated state compared to the allocation values of other power supplies.
This results in a state where a power supply device in a low state of degradation (a power supply device where degradation is not progressing) experiences a large increase in output power, while a power supply device in a high state of degradation (a power supply device where degradation is progressing) experiences a small increase in output power, thereby making it possible to suppress further deterioration of a power supply device that is highly degraded.

本発明において、前記電源装置の電源部が燃料電池部を備える燃料電池装置であり、前記施設の受電点電力を上げるために前記管理装置から複数の前記電源装置に前記出力制御指令としての受電点電力上げ指令を指令する際、前記劣化状態が他の前記燃料電池装置よりも高い前記燃料電池装置に対しては、前記割り当て値を、他の前記燃料電池装置の前記割り当て値よりも増加させると好適である。 In the present invention, the power supply unit of the power supply device is a fuel cell device equipped with a fuel cell unit, and when the management device issues a power receiving point power increase command as the output control command to the multiple power supply devices in order to increase the power receiving point power of the facility, it is preferable to increase the allocation value of the fuel cell device whose degradation state is higher than the other fuel cell devices more than the allocation values of the other fuel cell devices.

本発明によると、管理装置が施設の受電点電力を上げるための受電点電力上げ指令を指令する際、劣化状態の高い燃料電池装置に対して、割り当て値を、他の燃料電池装置の割り当て値よりも増加させる操作が行われる。
これによって、劣化状態の低い燃料電池装置(劣化が進行していない燃料電池装置)では、出力電力の減少が小さく、劣化状態の高い燃料電池装置(劣化が進行した燃料電池装置)では、出力電力の減少が大きい状態が得られるので、劣化の進行した燃料電池装置のさらなる劣化の進行を抑えることができる。
According to the present invention, when the management device issues a command to increase the power receiving point power of the facility, an operation is performed to increase the allocation value of a fuel cell device in a highly deteriorated state more than the allocation values of other fuel cell devices.
This results in a state in which a fuel cell device in a low state of degradation (a fuel cell device where degradation is not advanced) experiences a small reduction in output power, while a fuel cell device in a high state of degradation (a fuel cell device where degradation is advanced) experiences a large reduction in output power, thereby preventing further deterioration of a fuel cell device that is highly deteriorated.

本発明において、前記劣化状態に、前記燃料電池装置の発電出力、発電効率、燃料消費量、温度、累積発電時間及び故障履歴のうちの少なくとも一つが含まれていると好適である。 In the present invention, it is preferable that the deterioration state includes at least one of the power generation output, power generation efficiency, fuel consumption, temperature, cumulative power generation time, and failure history of the fuel cell device.

燃料電池装置において、発電出力、発電効率、燃料消費量、温度、累積発電時間及び故障履歴は、正確且つ容易に得られるものなので、本発明によると、劣化状態検出部により燃料電池装置の劣化状態を精度良く検出することができる。 In a fuel cell device, the power generation output, power generation efficiency, fuel consumption, temperature, cumulative power generation time, and failure history can be obtained accurately and easily, so according to the present invention, the deterioration state of the fuel cell device can be detected with high accuracy by the deterioration state detection unit.

本発明において、前記電源装置の電源部が充放電部を備える充放電装置であり、前記施設の受電点電力を上げるために前記管理装置から複数の前記充放電装置に前記出力制御指令としての受電点電力上げ指令を指令する際、前記劣化状態が他の前記充放電装置よりも低い前記充放電装置に対しては、前記割り当て値を、他の前記充放電装置の前記割り当て値よりも増加させると好適である。 In the present invention, the power supply unit of the power supply device is a charging/discharging device equipped with a charging/discharging unit, and when the management device issues a power receiving point power increase command as the output control command to a plurality of the charging/discharging devices in order to increase the power receiving point of the facility, it is preferable to increase the allocation value of the charging/discharging device whose degradation state is lower than the other charging/discharging devices, more than the allocation values of the other charging/discharging devices.

本発明によると、管理装置が施設の受電点電力を上げるための受電点電力上げ指令を指令する際、劣化状態の低い充放電装置に対して、割り当て値を、他の充放電装置の割り当て値よりも増加させる操作が行われる。
これにより、劣化状態の低い充放電装置(劣化が進行していない充放電装置)では、出力電力の減少が大きく、劣化状態の高い充放電装置(劣化が進行した充放電装置)では、出力電力の減少が小さい状態が得られるので、劣化の進行した充放電装置のさらなる劣化の進行を抑えることができる。
According to the present invention, when the management device issues a command to increase the receiving point power to increase the receiving point power of the facility, an operation is performed to increase the allocation value of a charging/discharging device in a less deteriorated state compared to the allocation values of other charging/discharging devices.
As a result, a charge/discharge device in a low state of degradation (a charge/discharge device where degradation is not progressing) experiences a large reduction in output power, while a charge/discharge device in a high state of degradation (a charge/discharge device where degradation is progressing) experiences a small reduction in output power, thereby preventing further deterioration of a charge/discharge device that is highly deteriorated.

本発明において、前記劣化状態に、前記充放電装置の電池容量、充放電効率、最大入出力電流及び故障履歴のうちの少なくとも一つが含まれていると好適である。 In the present invention, it is preferable that the deterioration state includes at least one of the battery capacity, charge/discharge efficiency, maximum input/output current, and failure history of the charge/discharge device.

充放電装置において、電池容量、充放電効率、最大入出力電流及び故障履歴は、正確且つ容易に得られるものなので、本発明によると、劣化状態検出部により充放電装置の劣化状態を精度良く検出することができる。 In a charging/discharging device, the battery capacity, charging/discharging efficiency, maximum input/output current, and fault history can be obtained accurately and easily, so according to the present invention, the deterioration state of the charging/discharging device can be detected with high accuracy by the deterioration state detection unit.

施設と、管理装置と、アグリゲーションコーディネーターとの関係を示す図である。FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between facilities, a management device, and an aggregation coordinator. 施設の構成を示す図である。FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the layout of a facility. 燃料電池装置の内部の構成を示す図である。FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the internal configuration of the fuel cell device. 燃料電池装置の出力電力と電力負荷装置の負荷電力とが同じ値となる負荷追従制御が行われる状態を示す図である。11 is a diagram showing a state in which load following control is performed such that the output power of the fuel cell device and the load power of a power load device have the same value. FIG. 図4に示す状態から燃料電池装置の出力電力が増加操作された状態を示す図である。FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a state in which the output power of the fuel cell device is increased from the state shown in FIG. 4 . 燃料電池装置の出力電力と電力負荷装置の負荷電力とが同じ値となる負荷追従制御が行われる状態を示す図である。11 is a diagram showing a state in which load following control is performed such that the output power of the fuel cell device and the load power of a power load device have the same value. FIG. 図6に示す状態から燃料電池装置の出力電力が減少操作された状態を示す図である。FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a state in which the output power of the fuel cell device is reduced from the state shown in FIG. 6 .

(電源管理システムの概要)
図1及び図2に、管理装置2及び複数の施設3を有する電源管理システム1が示されている。電源管理システム1の外部に、アグリゲーションコーディネーター4、需給調整市場(図示せず)及び送配電事業者(図示せず)等が存在する。
(Outline of the power management system)
1 and 2 show a power management system 1 having a management device 2 and a plurality of facilities 3. Outside the power management system 1, there exist an aggregation coordinator 4, a supply and demand adjustment market (not shown), a power transmission and distribution company (not shown), and the like.

管理装置2は、リソースアグリゲーター等とも呼ばれ、バーチャルパワープラント(VPP、仮想発電所)サービス契約を締結した施設3に対して需要家側エネルギーリソースとしての燃料電池装置8及び電力負荷装置9への制御情報を伝達することで、その需要家側エネルギーリソースの制御を行う事業者である。 The management device 2, also known as a resource aggregator, is an operator that controls the consumer-side energy resources by transmitting control information to the fuel cell device 8 and power load device 9 as consumer-side energy resources to the facility 3 that has concluded a virtual power plant (VPP, virtual power plant) service contract.

アグリゲーションコーディネーター4は、各管理装置2が制御する電力量を束ね、電気の取引市場(需給調整市場、卸電力市場、容量市場等)において一般送配電事業者や小売電気事業者と電力取引を行う事業者である。 The aggregation coordinator 4 is an operator that aggregates the amount of electricity controlled by each management device 2 and trades electricity with general electricity transmission and distribution operators and retail electricity operators in the electricity trading market (supply and demand adjustment market, wholesale electricity market, capacity market, etc.).

図1及び図2に示すように、管理装置2は、複数の施設3から、燃料電池装置8の出力電力A1、電力負荷装置9の負荷電力B1、施設3での電力メーター10の受電点電力などの電力情報を逐次収集して記憶している。本実施形態で「電力負荷装置9の負荷電力B1」と記載する場合、施設3に設けられている全ての電力負荷装置9の合計の負荷電力B1のことを意味する。 As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the management device 2 sequentially collects and stores power information from multiple facilities 3, such as the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8, the load power B1 of the power load device 9, and the power receiving point power of the power meter 10 at the facility 3. In this embodiment, when "load power B1 of the power load device 9" is mentioned, it means the total load power B1 of all the power load devices 9 installed in the facility 3.

管理装置2は、将来の所定の時間帯に各施設3から供出可能な電力を予測し、アグリゲーションコーディネーター4に伝達する。この供出可能電力は、施設3の受電点電力を上げる能力又は下げる能力といった調整力である。
本実施形態において、「受電点電力を上げる」と言う場合、電力系統7から電力線14への受電電力(順潮流電力)を増加させる、又は、電力線14から電力系統7への逆潮流電力を減少させることを意味し、「受電点電力を下げる」と言う場合、電力系統7から電力線14への受電電力(順潮流電力)を減少させる、又は、電力線14から電力系統7への逆潮流電力を増加させることを意味する。
The management device 2 predicts the amount of power that can be supplied from each facility 3 in a predetermined time period in the future, and transmits this to the aggregation coordinator 4. This available power is an adjustment capability, such as the ability to increase or decrease the power at the receiving point of the facility 3.
In this embodiment, "increasing the power receiving point" means increasing the power received from the power system 7 to the power line 14 (forward flow power) or decreasing the reverse flow power from the power line 14 to the power system 7, and "lowering the power receiving point" means decreasing the power received from the power system 7 to the power line 14 (forward flow power) or increasing the reverse flow power from the power line 14 to the power system 7.

例えば、施設3の受電点電力を上げるためには、燃料電池装置8の出力電力A1を下げること、及び、電力負荷装置9の負荷電力B1を上げることのうちの少なくとも一方を行えばよいため、施設3の受電点電力を上げる場合の上げ側調整余力は、燃料電池装置8の出力電力A1を下げる余力がどの程度あるかを示し、電力負荷装置9の負荷電力B1を上げる余力がどの程度あるかを示している。 For example, to increase the receiving point power of facility 3, it is sufficient to at least one of lowering the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 and increasing the load power B1 of the power load device 9. Therefore, the upward adjustment margin when increasing the receiving point power of facility 3 indicates how much margin there is for lowering the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 and how much margin there is for increasing the load power B1 of the power load device 9.

施設3の受電点電力を下げるためには、燃料電池装置8の出力電力A1を上げること、及び、電力負荷装置9の負荷電力B1を下げることのうちの少なくとも一方を行えばよいため、施設3の受電点電力を下げる場合の下げ側調整余力は、燃料電池装置8の出力電力A1を上げる余力がどの程度あるかを示し、電力負荷装置9の負荷電力B1を下げる余力がどの程度あるかを示している。 In order to reduce the receiving point power of facility 3, it is sufficient to at least one of increase the output power A1 of fuel cell device 8 and decrease the load power B1 of power load device 9. Therefore, the reduction side adjustment margin when reducing the receiving point power of facility 3 indicates how much margin there is for increasing the output power A1 of fuel cell device 8 and how much margin there is for decreasing the load power B1 of power load device 9.

管理装置2は、自身が管理する複数の施設3におけるベースライン受電点電力を決定する。このベースライン受電点電力は、各施設3から調整力(即ち、送配電事業者に提供する調整力及び小売事業者等に提供する供給力等を含む)を供出させない場合に予測される各施設3の受電点電力の合計に相当する。 The management device 2 determines the baseline receiving point power for the multiple facilities 3 that it manages. This baseline receiving point power corresponds to the total predicted receiving point power for each facility 3 when adjustment capacity (i.e., adjustment capacity provided to the electricity transmission and distribution company and supply capacity provided to retailers, etc.) is not provided from each facility 3.

アグリゲーションコーディネーター4は、各管理装置2から受け取った供出可能調整力を集計し、需給調整市場,卸電力市場,容量市場等の取引市場への入札を行うなどして、一般送配電事業者や小売電気事業者と取引を行う。アグリゲーションコーディネーター4は、取引を行った一般送配電事業者や小売電気事業者から、将来の所定の制御対象期間での調整力の供出指令を受け取った場合、その供出指令で指定された調整力を各管理装置2に対して分配して伝達する。 The aggregation coordinator 4 aggregates the available adjustment power received from each management device 2 and trades with general electricity transmission and distribution companies and retail electricity companies by bidding on trading markets such as the supply and demand adjustment market, the wholesale electricity market, and the capacity market. When the aggregation coordinator 4 receives a command to supply adjustment power for a specified future control period from a general electricity transmission and distribution company or retail electricity company with which it has traded, it distributes and transmits the adjustment power specified in the supply command to each management device 2.

管理装置2は、アグリゲーションコーディネーター4から供出指令を受け取った場合、その供出指令で指定された調整力を各施設3に対して分配して伝達する。各施設3は、将来の所定の制御対象期間において、需要家側エネルギーリソースとしての燃料電池装置8の調整力を供出する制御が行われる。その結果、前述の制御が行われなかった場合と比較して、施設3の受電点電力が増減するという調整力の供出が行われる。 When the management device 2 receives a supply command from the aggregation coordinator 4, it distributes and transmits the adjustment power specified in the supply command to each facility 3. Each facility 3 is controlled to supply the adjustment power of the fuel cell device 8 as a consumer-side energy resource during a specified future control period. As a result, adjustment power is supplied such that the receiving point power of the facility 3 increases or decreases compared to the case where the above-mentioned control was not performed.

(施設の構成)
図2に示すように、施設3の各々に、燃料電池装置8(電源装置に相当)、電力負荷装置9(電力負荷部に相当)、電力メーター10、ゲートウェイ11、ルーター12、リモコン13、電力測定部15及び劣化状態検出部5等が設けられている。
(Facility configuration)
As shown in FIG. 2, each facility 3 is provided with a fuel cell device 8 (corresponding to a power supply device), a power load device 9 (corresponding to a power load section), a power meter 10, a gateway 11, a router 12, a remote control 13, a power measurement section 15, a deterioration state detection section 5, etc.

施設3において、電力線14が設けられ、電力線14が電力系統7と連系されており、電力メーター10が電力線14に設けられている。燃料電池装置8及び電力負荷装置9が電力線14に接続されており、電力測定部15が電力線14に設けられている。電力負荷装置9は、例えば照明装置や空調装置等の装置であり、燃料電池装置8及び電力系統7のうちの少なくとも一方からの電力の供給を受けることができる。 In the facility 3, a power line 14 is provided, the power line 14 is connected to the power system 7, and a power meter 10 is provided on the power line 14. A fuel cell device 8 and a power load device 9 are connected to the power line 14, and a power measurement unit 15 is provided on the power line 14. The power load device 9 is, for example, a lighting device, an air conditioning device, or other device, and can receive a supply of power from at least one of the fuel cell device 8 and the power system 7.

リモコン13が燃料電池装置8に接続されており、施設3の利用者がリモコン13を操作することにより、燃料電池装置8に対して指令を行うことができる。電力メーター10により施設3の受電点電力が検出されており、検出された受電点電力が、ゲートウェイ11及びルーター12を介して、管理装置2に送信されている。 A remote control 13 is connected to the fuel cell device 8, and a user of the facility 3 can operate the remote control 13 to give commands to the fuel cell device 8. The power meter 10 detects the power at the receiving point of the facility 3, and the detected power at the receiving point is transmitted to the management device 2 via the gateway 11 and the router 12.

(燃料電池装置の構成)
図2及び図3に示すように、燃料電池装置8に、電力変換部16、燃料電池部17、燃料改質部18、燃料電池制御部19及び記憶部20等が設けられている。電力変換部16及び燃料電池部17は、電力線14を介して電力系統7と連系されている。
(Configuration of the fuel cell device)
2 and 3, the fuel cell device 8 is provided with a power conversion unit 16, a fuel cell unit 17, a fuel reforming unit 18, a fuel cell control unit 19, a memory unit 20, etc. The power conversion unit 16 and the fuel cell unit 17 are connected to the power system 7 via a power line 14.

断熱性を有する容器6に、燃料電池部17、ガスマニホールド21、気化器22及び燃料改質部18が収容されている。
都市ガス等の燃料及び改質用水が気化器22に供給されるのであり、気化器22において、燃料及び水蒸気の混合ガスが生成されて、混合ガスが燃料改質部18に供給される。燃料改質部18において、供給された混合ガスが改質され、水素を含む燃料ガスが生成されて、水素を含む燃料ガスがガスマニホールド21に供給される。容器6の内部には、空気も供給されている。
A fuel cell section 17, a gas manifold 21, a vaporizer 22, and a fuel reforming section 18 are housed in a container 6 having thermal insulation properties.
Fuel such as city gas and water for reforming are supplied to the vaporizer 22, where a mixed gas of fuel and steam is generated and the mixed gas is supplied to the fuel reforming section 18. The fuel reforming section 18 reforms the supplied mixed gas to generate a fuel gas containing hydrogen, and the fuel gas containing hydrogen is supplied to the gas manifold 21. Air is also supplied to the inside of the container 6.

水素を含む燃料ガスが、ガスマニホールド21から燃料電池部17を通ることにより、燃料電池部17において発電が行われ、燃料電池部17の発電した電力が、電力変換部16に供給される。水素を含む燃料ガスは、燃料電池部17での発電に使用された後、容器6の内部で燃焼して、燃料電池部17、気化器22及び燃料改質部18を加熱するのであり、燃焼後の燃焼排ガスが容器6から排出される。 Fuel gas containing hydrogen passes through the gas manifold 21 and fuel cell section 17, generating electricity in the fuel cell section 17, and the electricity generated by the fuel cell section 17 is supplied to the power conversion section 16. After being used to generate electricity in the fuel cell section 17, the fuel gas containing hydrogen is combusted inside the container 6 to heat the fuel cell section 17, the vaporizer 22, and the fuel reforming section 18, and the combustion exhaust gas is discharged from the container 6.

燃料電池部17の発電した電力が、電力変換部16により所定の電圧、周波数及び位相に変換されて、電力線14に供給されるのであり、燃料電池制御部19は、燃料電池部17及び電力変換部16の作動を制御する。燃料電池装置8で取り扱われる情報が、記憶部20に記憶される。 The power generated by the fuel cell unit 17 is converted by the power conversion unit 16 to a predetermined voltage, frequency, and phase and supplied to the power line 14, and the fuel cell control unit 19 controls the operation of the fuel cell unit 17 and the power conversion unit 16. Information handled by the fuel cell device 8 is stored in the memory unit 20.

(燃料電池装置での発電状態)
図2に示すように、燃料電池制御部19は、電力測定部15で検出される電力(電力系統7から供給される電力)の検出値がゼロとなるように(燃料電池装置8の出力電力A1と電力負荷装置9の負荷電力B1とが同じ値となるように)、燃料電池装置8の出力電力A1を増減させる負荷追従制御(図4参照)を行うことができる。
(Power generation state in fuel cell device)
As shown in FIG. 2, the fuel cell control unit 19 can perform load following control (see FIG. 4) to increase or decrease the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 so that the detected value of the power (power supplied from the power grid 7) detected by the power measuring unit 15 becomes zero (so that the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 and the load power B1 of the power load device 9 become the same value).

燃料電池制御部19は、負荷追従制御とは別に、電力メーター10により検出される施設3の受電点電力が増減されるように、燃料電池装置8の出力電力A1を増減させる制御を行うことができる。
燃料電池制御部19は、燃料電池装置8の出力電力A1を上限値AM1に維持して連続運転(定格出力運転)させることができる。
Separately from the load following control, the fuel cell control unit 19 can perform control to increase or decrease the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 so that the power at the power receiving point of the facility 3 detected by the power meter 10 increases or decreases.
The fuel cell control unit 19 can maintain the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 at the upper limit value AM1 to perform continuous operation (rated output operation).

以上の燃料電池装置8の3つの制御は、上限値AM1と下限値AM2との間において、燃料電池装置8から電力線14への出力電力を調整する形態で行われる(図4及び図5参照)。一般に燃料電池装置8では、燃料電池装置8の出力電力A1が減少すると、燃料電池装置8の発電効率は低下する。 The above three controls of the fuel cell device 8 are performed in the form of adjusting the output power from the fuel cell device 8 to the power line 14 between an upper limit value AM1 and a lower limit value AM2 (see Figures 4 and 5). In general, in a fuel cell device 8, when the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 decreases, the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell device 8 decreases.

燃料電池制御部19は、電力変換部16から電力線14に供給する出力電力A1についての情報及び電力メーター10での測定電力についての情報を有しているため、電力負荷装置9の負荷電力B1(=出力電力A1+測定電力)を導出できる。電力メーター10の測定電力の符号が正(順潮流)(受電)の場合は負荷電力B1が燃料電池装置8の出力電力A1よりも大きい状態であることを意味し、電力メーター10での測定電力の符号が負(逆潮流)の場合は燃料電池装置8の出力電力A1が負荷電力B1よりも大きい状態であることを意味している。 The fuel cell control unit 19 has information about the output power A1 supplied from the power conversion unit 16 to the power line 14 and information about the power measured by the power meter 10, and can therefore derive the load power B1 (= output power A1 + measured power) of the power load device 9. When the sign of the measured power on the power meter 10 is positive (forward flow) (received power), this means that the load power B1 is greater than the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8, and when the sign of the measured power on the power meter 10 is negative (reverse flow), this means that the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 is greater than the load power B1.

電力測定部15の検出値が正の値であると、電力系統7の電力が電力線14に導入されている状態を意味し、燃料電池装置8の出力電力A1が電力負荷装置9の負荷電力B1よりも小さい状態であることを意味している。電力測定部15の検出値が負の値であると、電力線14の電力が電力系統7に供給されている状態を意味し、燃料電池装置8の出力電力A1が電力負荷装置9の負荷電力B1よりも大きい状態であることを意味している。 When the detection value of the power measurement unit 15 is a positive value, it means that the power of the power system 7 is being introduced into the power line 14, and that the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 is smaller than the load power B1 of the power load device 9. When the detection value of the power measurement unit 15 is a negative value, it means that the power of the power line 14 is being supplied to the power system 7, and that the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 is larger than the load power B1 of the power load device 9.

受電点電力を上げるということは、電力系統7から電力線14への受電電力を増加させること、又は、電力線14から電力系統7への逆潮流電流を減少させることを意味している。受電点電力を下げるということは、電力系統7から電力線14への受電電力を減少させること、又は、電力線14から電力系統7への逆潮流電流を増加させることを意味している。 Increasing the receiving point power means increasing the receiving power from the power grid 7 to the power line 14, or decreasing the reverse flow current from the power line 14 to the power grid 7. Reducing the receiving point power means decreasing the receiving power from the power grid 7 to the power line 14, or increasing the reverse flow current from the power line 14 to the power grid 7.

(劣化状態検出部の構成)
図2及び図3に示すように、気化器22に供給される燃料量を検出する燃料計23、及び温度センサー24,25,26が設けられている。
(Configuration of Deterioration State Detection Unit)
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, a fuel gauge 23 for detecting the amount of fuel supplied to the carburetor 22, and temperature sensors 24, 25, and 26 are provided.

燃料電池装置8において、温度センサー24は、容器6(ホットモジュール)の内部の雰囲気温度を検出する。温度センサー25は、燃料改質部18の温度を検出する。温度センサー26は、水素を含む燃料ガスが燃料電池部17での発電に使用された後に容器6の内部で燃焼した際の燃焼排ガスの温度を検出する。燃料計23の検出値及び温度センサー24,25,26の検出値が、燃料電池制御部19及び記憶部20に入力されている。 In the fuel cell device 8, the temperature sensor 24 detects the atmospheric temperature inside the container 6 (hot module). The temperature sensor 25 detects the temperature of the fuel reforming section 18. The temperature sensor 26 detects the temperature of the combustion exhaust gas when the fuel gas containing hydrogen is burned inside the container 6 after being used for power generation in the fuel cell section 17. The detection value of the fuel gauge 23 and the detection values of the temperature sensors 24, 25, and 26 are input to the fuel cell control section 19 and the memory section 20.

劣化状態検出部5は、燃料計23の検出値(入力)に対する燃料電池装置8の出力電力A1(出力)の比を、燃料電池装置8の発電効率として検出(算出)する。劣化状態検出部5により検出された燃料電池装置8の発電効率が、管理装置2に送信されている。 The deterioration state detection unit 5 detects (calculates) the ratio of the output power A1 (output) of the fuel cell device 8 to the detection value (input) of the fuel gauge 23 as the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell device 8. The power generation efficiency of the fuel cell device 8 detected by the deterioration state detection unit 5 is transmitted to the management device 2.

燃料電池装置8の発電効率は、燃料電池装置8の劣化状態を意味する。燃料電池装置8の発電効率が高いと、燃料電池装置8において劣化は進行していないと判断(劣化状態は低いと判断)でき、燃料電池装置8の発電効率が低いと、燃料電池装置8において劣化は進行している判断(劣化状態は高いと判断)できる。 The power generation efficiency of the fuel cell device 8 indicates the deterioration state of the fuel cell device 8. If the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell device 8 is high, it can be determined that the deterioration of the fuel cell device 8 is not progressing (deterioration state is determined to be low), and if the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell device 8 is low, it can be determined that the deterioration of the fuel cell device 8 is progressing (deterioration state is determined to be high).

(施設における調整力)
図4に示す状態は、燃料電池装置8の出力電力A1と電力負荷装置9の負荷電力B1とが、同じ値の状態で、燃料電池装置8の出力電力A1が上限値AM1よりも低い状態であり、図5に示すように、燃料電池装置8の出力電力A1を上限値AM1の付近まで増加操作が可能である。
(Adjustment capacity at facilities)
The state shown in Figure 4 is a state in which the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 and the load power B1 of the power load device 9 are the same value, and the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 is lower than the upper limit value AM1.As shown in Figure 5, it is possible to increase the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 to near the upper limit value AM1.

図4から図5に示すように、燃料電池装置8の出力電力A1の増加操作が行われて、燃料電池装置8の出力電力A1が、電力負荷装置9の負荷電力B1よりも大きくなると、燃料電池装置8の出力電力A1と電力負荷装置9の負荷電力B1との差が、正の調整力A2Pとなる。正の調整力A2Pは、施設3の余剰の電力であり、施設3から電力系統7に供出可能である。 As shown in Figures 4 and 5, when the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 is increased and becomes greater than the load power B1 of the power load device 9, the difference between the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 and the load power B1 of the power load device 9 becomes the positive adjustment power A2P. The positive adjustment power A2P is the surplus power of the facility 3, and can be supplied from the facility 3 to the power grid 7.

図6に示す状態は、燃料電池装置8の出力電力A1と電力負荷装置9の負荷電力B1とが同じ値の状態で、燃料電池装置8の出力電力A1が上限値AM1と略同じ状態であり、図7に示すように、燃料電池装置8の出力電力A1の減少操作が可能である。 The state shown in FIG. 6 is a state in which the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 and the load power B1 of the power load device 9 are the same value, and the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 is approximately the same as the upper limit value AM1, and as shown in FIG. 7, the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 can be reduced.

図6から図7に示すように、燃料電池装置8の出力電力A1の減少操作が行われて、燃料電池装置8の出力電力A1が、電力負荷装置9の負荷電力B1よりも小さくなると、燃料電池装置8の出力電力A1と電力負荷装置9の負荷電力B1との差が、負の調整力A2Mとなる。負の調整力A2Mは、施設3の不足の電力であり、電力系統7から電力負荷装置9に導入可能な電力である。 As shown in Figures 6 and 7, when the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 is reduced and becomes smaller than the load power B1 of the power load device 9, the difference between the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 and the load power B1 of the power load device 9 becomes the negative adjustment power A2M. The negative adjustment power A2M is the power shortage of the facility 3, and is the power that can be introduced from the power grid 7 to the power load device 9.

施設3の各々において、燃料電池装置8の発電状態の変化や、電力負荷装置9の負荷状態の変化により、正の調整力A2Pが発生したり、負の調整力A2Mが発生したりする。施設3の正の調整力A2Pの合計が、電源管理システム1として供出可能な電力(合計の調整力)となるのであり、施設3の負の調整力A2Mの合計が、電源管理システム1として導入可能な電力(合計の調整力)となる。 In each of the facilities 3, a positive adjustment power A2P or a negative adjustment power A2M is generated due to changes in the power generation state of the fuel cell device 8 or changes in the load state of the power load device 9. The sum of the positive adjustment powers A2P of the facilities 3 is the power that can be supplied by the power supply management system 1 (total adjustment power), and the sum of the negative adjustment powers A2M of the facilities 3 is the power that can be introduced by the power supply management system 1 (total adjustment power).

(管理装置、アグリゲーションコーディネーター及び需給調整市場の間の流れ)
図1及び図2に示すように、管理装置2は、施設3の各々から、受電点電力、電力測定部15の検出値、燃料電池装置8の発電効率(劣化状態検出部5の検出値)、燃料電池装置8の情報等の各種の電力情報を収集して記憶している。
(Flow between the management device, aggregation coordinator, and supply and demand adjustment market)
As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the management device 2 collects and stores various types of power information from each of the facilities 3, such as the receiving point power, the detection value of the power measuring unit 15, the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell device 8 (the detection value of the deterioration state detection unit 5), and information about the fuel cell device 8.

管理装置2は、現在及び過去の電力情報に基づいて、施設3における今後の正及び負の調整力A2P,A2Mの発生状態を予測し、正の調整力A2Pの合計や、負の調整力A2Mの合計を予測して、これらを基に制御対象期間における供出可能電力を算出する。供出可能電力は、施設3の受電点電力を上げる能力又は受電点電力を下げる調整余力である。 The management device 2 predicts the future generation state of positive and negative adjustment power A2P, A2M in the facility 3 based on current and past power information, predicts the total positive adjustment power A2P and the total negative adjustment power A2M, and calculates the outputtable power for the control period based on these. The outputtable power is the capacity to increase the receiving point power of the facility 3 or the adjustment margin to decrease the receiving point power.

管理装置2は、制御対象期間における供出可能電力がアグリゲーションコーディネーター4からの供出指令における制御対象期間での調整力(出力要請値)を満たすことができれば、アグリゲーションコーディネーター4に当該供出指令に応じることができる旨を送信する。なお、管理装置2は、供出可能電力が供出指令の出力要請値を満たしていない場合には、制御対象期間における供出可能電力をアグリゲーションコーディネーター4に送信するようにしてもよい。 If the supplyable power during the control period can satisfy the adjustment capacity (output request value) during the control period in the supply command from the aggregation coordinator 4, the management device 2 transmits to the aggregation coordinator 4 a message indicating that the supply command can be complied with. Note that if the supplyable power does not satisfy the output request value of the supply command, the management device 2 may transmit the supplyable power during the control period to the aggregation coordinator 4.

供出可能電力としては、例えば、「〇日後の〇月〇日の〇時~〇時に〇kWの電力を供出可能」というものや、「〇日後の〇月〇日の〇時~〇時に〇kWの電力を導入可能」というものがある。他の電源管理システム1の管理装置2からも、同様の情報がアグリゲーションコーディネーター4に送信されている。 Examples of available power supply include "X kW of power can be supplied from X o'clock to X o'clock on X day of X month in the future" or "X kW of power can be introduced from X o'clock to X o'clock on X day of X month in the future." Similar information is also sent to the aggregation coordinator 4 from the management devices 2 of other power supply management systems 1.

アグリゲーションコーディネーター4は、複数の電源管理システム1の供出可能電力に基づいて、需給調整市場に入札して、送配電事業者と取引を行う。
取引の結果、アグリゲーションコーディネーター4と送配電事業者との取引が成立すると、アグリゲーションコーディネーター4は、供出指令を電源管理システム1(管理装置2)の各々に送信する。
The aggregation coordinator 4 bids in the supply and demand adjustment market based on the available power of the multiple power management systems 1, and conducts transactions with the power transmission and distribution business operator.
When a transaction is concluded between the aggregation coordinator 4 and the power transmission and distribution company as a result of the transaction, the aggregation coordinator 4 transmits a supply command to each of the power management systems 1 (management devices 2).

管理装置2は、複数の燃料電池装置8に対して燃料電池装置8の出力電力A1を定める出力制御指令を指令する。管理装置2が施設3に指令する出力制御指令として、施設3の受電点電力を下げる受電点電力下げ指令があり、施設3の受電点電力を上げる受電点電力上げ指令がある。なお、管理装置2は、受電点電力を維持する出力制御指令を指令する場合もある。 The management device 2 issues output control commands to the multiple fuel cell devices 8 to determine the output power A1 of the fuel cell devices 8. The output control commands issued by the management device 2 to the facility 3 include a power receiving point power decrease command to decrease the power receiving point of the facility 3, and a power receiving point power increase command to increase the power receiving point of the facility 3. The management device 2 may also issue an output control command to maintain the power receiving point power.

燃料電池装置8は、管理装置2から出力制御指令を受け取ると、出力制御指令の対象となる制御対象期間の間、出力制御指令に基づいて定まる出力電力A1の供出を目標とする第1運転モードで作動する。
出力制御対象期間以外の期間では、燃料電池装置8は、第1運転モードとは別の第2運転モードで作動する。燃料電池装置8の第2運転モードとしては、前述の(施設の構成)に記載の負荷追従制御や、定格出力運転がある。
When the fuel cell device 8 receives an output control command from the management device 2, it operates in a first operation mode aiming to provide an output power A1 determined based on the output control command during the control period covered by the output control command.
In periods other than the output control period, the fuel cell device 8 operates in a second operation mode different from the first operation mode. The second operation mode of the fuel cell device 8 is the load following control or rated output operation described above in (Facility configuration).

(正の調整力の供出指令を受信した管理装置の処理)(その1)
管理装置2が正の調整力の供出指令を受信した場合(管理装置2が出力制御指令として受電点電力下げ指令を指令する場合)、例えば電力系統7への電力の供出当日の朝や、電力系統7への電力の供出の数時間前に、管理装置2は、以下の説明のように燃料電池装置8から供出可能な燃料電池装置8を選抜する。
(Processing of the management device that received a command to provide positive control capacity) (Part 1)
When the management device 2 receives a command to supply positive adjustment power (when the management device 2 issues a command to reduce power at the receiving point as an output control command), for example, on the morning of the day when power is to be supplied to the power grid 7 or several hours before the power is to be supplied to the power grid 7, the management device 2 selects a fuel cell device 8 that is available for supply from the fuel cell devices 8 as described below.

管理装置2は、図4に示すように、出力電力A1が上限値AM1よりも十分に低く、出力電力A1の増加が許容できる燃料電池装置8を、供出可能な燃料電池装置8として選抜する。出力電力A1が上限値AM1に近く、出力電力A1の増加が許容できない燃料電池装置8は、供出不可の燃料電池装置8として選抜から外される。 As shown in FIG. 4, the management device 2 selects, as a fuel cell device 8 that can be supplied, a fuel cell device 8 whose output power A1 is sufficiently lower than the upper limit value AM1 and that can tolerate an increase in the output power A1. A fuel cell device 8 whose output power A1 is close to the upper limit value AM1 and that cannot tolerate an increase in the output power A1 is excluded from the selection as a fuel cell device 8 that cannot be supplied.

(正の調整力の供出指令を受信した管理装置の処理)(その2)
管理装置2は、供給可能な燃料電池装置8を選抜した後、燃料電池装置8の発電効率に基づいて、以下の説明のように、正の調整力の供出指令の出力要請値を複数の割り当て値に分割し、割り当て値を、供出可能な燃料電池装置8に割り当てる。
(Processing of the management device that received a command to provide positive control capacity) (part 2)
After selecting a fuel cell device 8 that can supply power, the management device 2 divides the output request value of the positive adjustment power supply command into multiple allocation values based on the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell device 8, as described below, and allocates the allocation values to the fuel cell devices 8 that can supply power.

例えば、供出可能な燃料電池装置8(A),8(B),8(C),8(D),8(E)が存在したとする。
供出可能な燃料電池装置8(A)~8(E)において発電効率が全て同じであれば、正の調整力の供出指令の出力要請値の20%を、割り当て値として燃料電池装置8(A)~8(E)の各々に割り当てる。
For example, assume that there are fuel cell devices 8(A), 8(B), 8(C), 8(D), and 8(E) that can be donated.
If the power generation efficiency of all of the fuel cell devices 8(A) to 8(E) that are available for supply is the same, 20% of the output request value of the positive adjustment power supply command is assigned as the allocation value to each of the fuel cell devices 8(A) to 8(E).

供出可能な燃料電池装置8(A)~8(E)において、発電効率の高低関係が、例えば燃料電池装置8(A)>燃料電池装置8(B)>燃料電池装置8(C)>燃料電池装置8(D)>燃料電池装置8(E)であったとする。 For example, let us say that the order of power generation efficiency among the donated fuel cell devices 8(A) to 8(E) is fuel cell device 8(A) > fuel cell device 8(B) > fuel cell device 8(C) > fuel cell device 8(D) > fuel cell device 8(E).

この場合、例えば、正の調整力の供出指令の出力要請値の35%を、割り当て値として燃料電池装置8(A)に割り当てる。
例えば、正の調整力の供出指令の出力要請値の30%を、割り当て値として燃料電池装置8(B)に割り当てる。
例えば、正の調整力の供出指令の出力要請値の20%を、割り当て値として燃料電池装置8(C)に割り当てる。
例えば、正の調整力の供出指令の出力要請値の10%を、割り当て値として燃料電池装置8(D)に割り当てる。
例えば、正の調整力の供出指令の出力要請値の5%を、割り当て値として燃料電池装置8(E)に割り当てる。
In this case, for example, 35% of the output request value of the command to supply positive regulation power is allocated to the fuel cell device 8(A) as an allocation value.
For example, 30% of the output request value of the command to supply positive regulation power is allocated to the fuel cell device 8(B) as an allocation value.
For example, 20% of the output request value of the command to supply positive regulation power is allocated to the fuel cell device 8(C) as an allocation value.
For example, 10% of the output request value of the command to supply positive regulation power is allocated to the fuel cell device 8(D) as an allocation value.
For example, 5% of the output request value of the command to supply positive regulation power is allocated to the fuel cell device 8(E) as the allocation value.

供出可能な燃料電池装置8(A)~8(E)において、発電効率の高低関係が、例えば燃料電池装置8(A),8(E)<燃料電池装置8(C)<燃料電池装置8(B),8(D)であったとする。 For example, let us assume that the power generation efficiency of the available fuel cell devices 8(A) to 8(E) is as follows: fuel cell devices 8(A), 8(E) < fuel cell device 8(C) < fuel cell devices 8(B), 8(D).

この場合、例えば、正の調整力の供出指令の出力要請値の10%を、割り当て値として燃料電池装置8(A)に割り当て、正の調整力の供出指令の出力要請値の10%を、割り当て値として燃料電池装置8(E)に割り当てる。
例えば、正の調整力の供出指令の出力要請値の20%を、割り当て値として燃料電池装置8(C)に割り当てる。
例えば、正の調整力の供出指令の出力要請値の30%を、割り当て値として燃料電池装置8(B)に割り当て、正の調整力の供出指令の出力要請値の30%を、割り当て値として燃料電池装置8(D)に割り当てる。
In this case, for example, 10% of the output request value of the positive adjustment power supply command is assigned as an allocation value to the fuel cell device 8(A), and 10% of the output request value of the positive adjustment power supply command is assigned as an allocation value to the fuel cell device 8(E).
For example, 20% of the output request value of the command to supply positive regulation power is allocated to the fuel cell device 8(C) as an allocation value.
For example, 30% of the output request value of the positive adjustment power supply command is assigned as an allocation value to fuel cell device 8(B), and 30% of the output request value of the positive adjustment power supply command is assigned as an allocation value to fuel cell device 8(D).

以上のように、燃料電池装置8の発電効率の高低に基づいて、正の調整力の供出指令の出力要請値が複数の割り当て値に分割される。
施設3の受電点電力を下げるために、出力制御指令としての受電点電力下げ指令を複数の燃料電池装置8に指令する場合、燃料電池装置8の発電効率が高い燃料電池装置8(劣化状態が低い燃料電池装置8)において、割り当て値が大きくなり、燃料電池装置8の発電効率が低い燃料電池装置8(劣化状態が高い燃料電池装置8)において、割り当て値が小さくなる(前記劣化状態が他の前記電源装置よりも低い前記電源装置に対しては、前記割り当て値を、他の前記電源装置の前記割り当て値よりも増加させる状態に相当)。
As described above, the output request value of the command to supply positive regulation power is divided into a plurality of allocation values based on the level of power generation efficiency of the fuel cell device 8 .
When a power receiving point power reduction command is issued as an output control command to multiple fuel cell devices 8 to reduce the power receiving point of facility 3, the allocation value will be larger in fuel cell devices 8 with high power generation efficiency (fuel cell devices 8 in a low state of degradation) and smaller in fuel cell devices 8 with low power generation efficiency (fuel cell devices 8 in a high state of degradation) (this corresponds to a state in which the allocation value for a power supply device whose state of degradation is lower than the other power supply devices is increased above the allocation values of the other power supply devices).

(正の調整力の供出指令を受信した管理装置の処理)(その3)
燃料電池装置8に割り当て値が割り当てられた後に、電力系統7への電力の供出の際、管理装置2は、施設3の受電点電力を下げるために、出力制御指令としての受電点電力下げ指令を複数の燃料電池装置8に指令する(前記割り当て値に応じた前記電源装置の出力電力を定める出力制御指令を、複数の前記電源装置に対して送信する指令送信処理に相当)。
(Processing of the management device that received a command to provide positive control capacity) (part 3)
After an allocation value has been assigned to the fuel cell device 8, when supplying power to the power grid 7, the management device 2 issues a power receiving point power reduction command as an output control command to the multiple fuel cell devices 8 in order to reduce the power receiving point power of the facility 3 (this corresponds to a command transmission process of transmitting an output control command that determines the output power of the power supply device according to the allocation value to the multiple power supply devices).

図4から図5に示すように、施設3において、燃料電池装置8の出力電力A1が、割り当て値に基づいて増加操作されて、正の調整力A2Pが創出される。
管理装置2は、燃料電池装置8の各々において創出された正の調整力A2Pが電力系統7に供出されることで、合計された正の調整力を供出指令の出力要請値に相当する電力として供出できたことになる。
As shown in Figs. 4 and 5, in the facility 3, the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 is increased based on the allocated value, and a positive adjustment power A2P is generated.
By providing the positive adjustment power A2P created in each of the fuel cell devices 8 to the power grid 7, the management device 2 is able to provide the summed positive adjustment power as power equivalent to the output request value of the supply command.

燃料電池装置8の出力電力A1が割り当て値に基づいて増加操作された場合、燃料電池装置8の発電効率や割り当て値に含まれていた誤差により、割り当てられた割り当て値を賄う前に、出力電力A1が上限値AM1に達した燃料電池装置8が発生したとする。 When the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 is increased based on the allocation value, it is assumed that a fuel cell device 8 whose output power A1 reaches the upper limit value AM1 before covering the allocated allocation value occurs due to the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell device 8 or an error contained in the allocation value.

この場合、管理装置2は、前述の燃料電池装置8の出力電力A1を上限値AM1に維持して、この燃料電池装置8の割り当て値の残りを複数に分割する。
管理装置2は、前述の(正の調整力の供出指令を受信した管理装置の処理)(その1)に記載の供出不可の燃料電池装置8として、選抜から外された燃料電池装置8のうち、出力電力A1が上限値AM1よりも比較的低く、出力電力A1の増加が許容できる燃料電池装置8を、供出可能な燃料電池装置8として選抜し、前述の分割された割り当て値の残りを、前述の新たに選抜された燃料電池装置8に割り当て、受電点電力下げ指令を、この燃料電池装置8に指令する。
In this case, the management device 2 maintains the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 at the upper limit value AM1, and divides the remainder of the allocated value of the fuel cell device 8 into a plurality of parts.
Of the fuel cell devices 8 that were excluded from selection as fuel cell devices 8 that cannot be supplied as described in the above (Processing of the management device that has received a command to supply positive adjustment power) (part 1), the management device 2 selects, as fuel cell devices 8 that can be supplied, those fuel cell devices 8 whose output power A1 is relatively lower than the upper limit value AM1 and for which an increase in output power A1 can be tolerated, and allocates the remainder of the divided allocation value to the newly selected fuel cell device 8 and issues a command to reduce the power receiving point power to this fuel cell device 8.

(負の調整力の供出指令を受信した管理装置の処理)(その1)
管理装置2が負の調整力の供出指令を受信した場合(管理装置2が出力制御指令として受電点電力上げ指令を指令する場合)、管理装置2は、以下の説明のように燃料電池装置8のうちから導入可能な燃料電池装置8を選抜する。
(Processing of the management device that received a command to provide negative control capacity) (Part 1)
When the management device 2 receives a command to supply negative adjustment power (when the management device 2 commands an increase in power receiving point power as an output control command), the management device 2 selects a fuel cell device 8 that can be introduced from among the fuel cell devices 8 as described below.

管理装置2は、図6に示すように、出力電力A1が下限値AM2よりも十分に高く、出力電力A1の減少が許容できる燃料電池装置8を、導入可能な燃料電池装置8として選抜する。出力電力A1が下限値AM2に近く、出力電力A1の減少が許容できない燃料電池装置8は、導入不可の燃料電池装置8として選抜から外される。 As shown in FIG. 6, the management device 2 selects as an introducible fuel cell device 8 those fuel cell devices 8 whose output power A1 is sufficiently higher than the lower limit value AM2 and whose output power A1 can be tolerated. Fuel cell devices 8 whose output power A1 is close to the lower limit value AM2 and whose output power A1 can not be tolerated are excluded from the selection as fuel cell devices 8 that cannot be introduced.

(負の調整力の供出指令を受信した管理装置の処理)(その2)
管理装置2は、導入可能な燃料電池装置8を選抜した後、燃料電池装置8の発電効率に基づいて、以下の説明のように、負の調整力の供出指令の出力要請値を複数の割り当て値に分割し、割り当て値を、導入可能な燃料電池装置8に割り当てる。
(Processing of the management device that received a command to provide negative control capacity) (Part 2)
After selecting a fuel cell device 8 that can be introduced, the management device 2 divides the output request value of the negative adjustment power supply command into multiple allocation values based on the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell device 8, as described below, and allocates the allocation values to the fuel cell device 8 that can be introduced.

例えば、導入可能な燃料電池装置8(A),8(B),8(C),8(D),8(E)が存在したとする。
導入可能な燃料電池装置8(A)~8(E)において発電効率が全て同じであれば、負の調整力の供出指令の出力要請値の20%を、割り当て値として燃料電池装置8(A)~8(E)の各々に割り当てる。
For example, assume that there are fuel cell devices 8(A), 8(B), 8(C), 8(D), and 8(E) that can be introduced.
If the power generation efficiencies of all of the introduceable fuel cell devices 8(A) to 8(E) are the same, 20% of the output request value of the negative adjustment power supply command is assigned as the allocation value to each of the fuel cell devices 8(A) to 8(E).

導入可能な燃料電池装置8(A)~8(E)において、発電効率の高低関係が、例えば燃料電池装置8(A)>燃料電池装置8(B)>燃料電池装置8(C)>燃料電池装置8(D)>燃料電池装置8(E)であったとする。 For example, let us say that the order of power generation efficiency among the fuel cell devices 8(A) to 8(E) that can be introduced is fuel cell device 8(A) > fuel cell device 8(B) > fuel cell device 8(C) > fuel cell device 8(D) > fuel cell device 8(E).

この場合、例えば、負の調整力の供出指令の出力要請値の35%を、割り当て値として燃料電池装置8(E)に割り当てる。
例えば、負の調整力の供出指令の出力要請値の30%を、割り当て値として燃料電池装置8(D)に割り当てる。
例えば、負の調整力の供出指令の出力要請値の20%を、割り当て値として燃料電池装置8(C)に割り当てる。
例えば、負の調整力の供出指令の出力要請値の10%を、割り当て値として燃料電池装置8(B)に割り当てる。
例えば、負の調整力の供出指令の出力要請値の5%を、割り当て値として燃料電池装置8(A)に割り当てる。
In this case, for example, 35% of the output request value of the command to supply negative regulation power is allocated to the fuel cell device 8(E) as an allocation value.
For example, 30% of the output request value of the command to supply negative regulation power is allocated to the fuel cell device 8 (D) as an allocation value.
For example, 20% of the output request value of the command to supply negative regulation power is allocated to the fuel cell device 8(C) as an allocation value.
For example, 10% of the output request value of the command to supply negative regulation power is allocated to the fuel cell device 8(B) as an allocation value.
For example, 5% of the output request value of the command to supply negative regulation power is allocated to the fuel cell device 8(A) as an allocation value.

導入可能な燃料電池装置8(A)~8(E)において、発電効率の高低関係が、例えば燃料電池装置8(A),8(E)<燃料電池装置8(C)<燃料電池装置8(B),8(D)であったとする。 For example, let us assume that the power generation efficiency of the introduceable fuel cell devices 8(A) to 8(E) is as follows: fuel cell device 8(A), 8(E) < fuel cell device 8(C) < fuel cell device 8(B), 8(D).

この場合、例えば、負の調整力の供出指令の出力要請値の10%を、割り当て値として燃料電池装置8(B)に割り当て、負の調整力の供出指令の出力要請値の10%を、割り当て値として燃料電池装置8(D)に割り当てる。
例えば、負の調整力の供出指令の出力要請値の20%を、割り当て値として燃料電池装置8(C)に割り当てる。
例えば、負の調整力の供出指令の出力要請値の30%を、割り当て値として燃料電池装置8(A)に割り当て、負の調整力の供出指令の出力要請値の30%を、割り当て値として燃料電池装置8(E)に割り当てる。
In this case, for example, 10% of the output request value of the negative adjustment power supply command is assigned as an allocation value to fuel cell device 8 (B), and 10% of the output request value of the negative adjustment power supply command is assigned as an allocation value to fuel cell device 8 (D).
For example, 20% of the output request value of the command to supply negative regulation power is allocated to the fuel cell device 8(C) as an allocation value.
For example, 30% of the output request value of the negative adjustment power supply command is assigned as an allocation value to the fuel cell device 8(A), and 30% of the output request value of the negative adjustment power supply command is assigned as an allocation value to the fuel cell device 8(E).

以上のように、燃料電池装置8の発電効率の高低に基づいて、負の調整力の供出指令の出力要請値が複数の割り当て値に分割される。
施設3の受電点電力を上げるために、出力制御指令としての受電点電力上げ指令を複数の燃料電池装置8に指令する場合、燃料電池装置8の発電効率が高い燃料電池装置8(劣化状態が低い燃料電池装置8)において、割り当て値が小さくなり、燃料電池装置8の発電効率が低い燃料電池装置8(劣化状態が高い燃料電池装置8)において、割り当て値が大きくなる(前記劣化状態が他の前記電源装置よりも高い前記電源装置に対しては、前記割り当て値を、他の前記電源装置の前記割り当て値よりも増加させる状態に相当)。
As described above, the output request value of the command to supply negative regulation power is divided into a plurality of allocation values based on the level of power generation efficiency of the fuel cell device 8 .
When a power receiving point power increase command is issued as an output control command to multiple fuel cell devices 8 to increase the power receiving point of facility 3, the allocation value will be small for fuel cell devices 8 with high power generation efficiency (fuel cell devices 8 in a low state of degradation) and will be large for fuel cell devices 8 with low power generation efficiency (fuel cell devices 8 in a high state of degradation) (this corresponds to a state in which the allocation value for a power supply device whose state of degradation is higher than the other power supply devices is increased above the allocation values of the other power supply devices).

(負の調整力の供出指令を受信した管理装置の処理)(その3)
燃料電池装置8に割り当て値が割り当てられた後、電力系統7からの電力の導入の際、管理装置2は、施設3の受電点電力を上げるために、出力制御指令としての受電点電力上げ指令を複数の燃料電池装置8に指令する(前記割り当て値に応じた前記電源装置の出力電力を定める出力制御指令を、複数の前記電源装置に対して送信する指令送信処理に相当)。
(Processing of the management device that received a command to provide negative control capacity) (part 3)
After an allocation value has been assigned to the fuel cell device 8, when drawing in power from the power grid 7, the management device 2 issues a power receiving point power increase command as an output control command to the multiple fuel cell devices 8 in order to increase the power receiving point of the facility 3 (this corresponds to a command transmission process in which an output control command that determines the output power of the power supply device according to the allocation value is transmitted to the multiple power supply devices).

図6から図7に示すように、施設3において、燃料電池装置8の出力電力A1が、割り当て値に基づいて減少操作され、負の調整力A2Mが創出される。
管理装置2は、燃料電池装置8の各々において創出された負の調整力A2Mが電力系統7に供出されることで、合計された負の調整力を供出指令の出力要請値に相当する電力として供出できたことになる。
As shown in Figs. 6 and 7, in the facility 3, the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 is reduced based on the allocated value, and a negative regulation power A2M is created.
By supplying the negative adjustment power A2M created in each of the fuel cell devices 8 to the power grid 7, the management device 2 is able to supply the summed negative adjustment power as power equivalent to the output request value of the supply command.

燃料電池装置8の出力電力A1が割り当て値に基づいて減少操作された場合、燃料電池装置8の発電効率や割り当て値に含まれていた誤差により、割り当てられた割り当て値を賄う前に、出力電力A1が下限値AM2に達した燃料電池装置8が発生したとする。 When the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 is reduced based on the allocation value, it is assumed that a fuel cell device 8 whose output power A1 reaches the lower limit value AM2 before covering the allocated allocation value occurs due to the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell device 8 or an error contained in the allocation value.

この場合、管理装置2は、前述の燃料電池装置8の出力電力A1を下限値AM2に維持して、この燃料電池装置8の割り当て値の残りを複数に分割する。
管理装置2は、前述の(負の調整力の供出指令を受信した管理装置の処理)(その1)に記載の導入不可の燃料電池装置8として、選抜から外された燃料電池装置8のうち、出力電力A1が下限値AM2よりも比較的高く、出力電力A1の減少が許容できる燃料電池装置8を、導入可能な燃料電池装置8として選抜し、前述の分割された割り当て値の残りを、前述の新たに選抜された燃料電池装置8に割り当て、受電点電力上げ指令を、この燃料電池装置8に指令する。
In this case, the management device 2 maintains the output power A1 of the fuel cell device 8 described above at the lower limit value AM2, and divides the remainder of the allocated value of the fuel cell device 8 into a plurality of parts.
Of the fuel cell devices 8 that were excluded from selection as fuel cell devices 8 that cannot be introduced as described in the above (Processing of the management device that has received a command to supply negative adjustment power) (part 1), the management device 2 selects as fuel cell devices 8 that can be introduced those fuel cell devices 8 whose output power A1 is relatively higher than the lower limit value AM2 and for which a reduction in output power A1 is acceptable, and allocates the remainder of the divided allocation value to the newly selected fuel cell device 8 and issues a command to increase the power receiving point power to this fuel cell device 8.

(発明の実施の第1別形態)
施設3において、複数の燃料電池装置8が設けられていてもよく、複数の電力負荷装置9が設けられていてもよい。
(First Alternative Embodiment of the Invention)
In the facility 3, a plurality of fuel cell devices 8 may be provided, and a plurality of power load devices 9 may be provided.

(発明の実施の第2別形態)
燃料電池装置8の発電効率として、出力電力A1に対する燃料計23の検出値の比を発電効率として、この発電効率を劣化状態としてもよい。
この場合、出力電力A1に対する燃料計23の検出値の比が低いと、燃料電池装置8において劣化は進行していないと判断(劣化状態は低いと判断)でき、出力電力A1に対する燃料計23の検出値の比が高いと、燃料電池装置8において劣化は進行していると判断(劣化状態は高いと判断)できる。
(Second Alternative Embodiment of the Invention)
The power generation efficiency of the fuel cell device 8 may be determined as the ratio of the detected value of the fuel gauge 23 to the output power A1, and this power generation efficiency may be determined as the degraded state.
In this case, if the ratio of the detection value of the fuel gauge 23 to the output power A1 is low, it can be determined that deterioration is not progressing in the fuel cell device 8 (the deterioration state is determined to be low), and if the ratio of the detection value of the fuel gauge 23 to the output power A1 is high, it can be determined that deterioration is progressing in the fuel cell device 8 (the deterioration state is determined to be high).

(発明の実施の第3別形態)
燃料電池装置8の劣化状態として、一定の燃料量、空気量及び蒸気量とした場合の発電出力(出力電力A1)を劣化状態として使用してもよい。
この場合、発電出力が高いと、燃料電池装置8において劣化は進行していないと判断(劣化状態は低いと判断)でき、発電出力が低いと、燃料電池装置8において劣化は進行していると判断(劣化状態は高いと判断)できる。
(Third Alternative Embodiment of the Invention)
As the deteriorated state of the fuel cell device 8, the power generation output (output power A1) when the fuel, air and steam amounts are constant may be used as the deteriorated state.
In this case, if the power generation output is high, it can be determined that deterioration is not progressing in the fuel cell device 8 (the deterioration state is determined to be low), and if the power generation output is low, it can be determined that deterioration is progressing in the fuel cell device 8 (the deterioration state is determined to be high).

(発明の実施の第4別形態)
前述の(発明の実施の第3別形態)に記載の発電出力(出力電力A1)を定格出力とした場合、定格出力と出力電力A1との差を劣化状態として使用してもよい。
この場合、定格出力と出力電力A1との差が小さいと、燃料電池装置8において劣化は進行していないと判断(劣化状態は低いと判断)でき、定格出力と出力電力A1との差が大きいと、燃料電池装置8において劣化は進行していると判断(劣化状態は高いと判断)できる。
(Fourth Alternative Embodiment of the Invention)
When the power generation output (output power A1) described above in the third alternative embodiment of the invention is taken as the rated output, the difference between the rated output and the output power A1 may be used as the degradation state.
In this case, if the difference between the rated output and the output power A1 is small, it can be determined that deterioration is not progressing in the fuel cell device 8 (the deterioration state is determined to be low), and if the difference between the rated output and the output power A1 is large, it can be determined that deterioration is progressing in the fuel cell device 8 (the deterioration state is determined to be high).

(発明の実施の第5別形態)
燃料電池装置8の劣化状態として、初めて発電を開始してからの出力電力A1の積算値(累積値)を、劣化状態として使用してもよい。
この場合、出力電力A1の積算値(累積値)が低いと、燃料電池装置8において劣化は進行していないと判断(劣化状態は低いと判断)でき、出力電力A1の積算値(累積値)が高いと、燃料電池装置8において劣化は進行していると判断(劣化状態は高いと判断)できる。
(Fifth Alternative Embodiment of the Invention)
As the deterioration state of the fuel cell device 8, the integrated value (accumulated value) of the output power A1 from when the power generation is started for the first time may be used as the deterioration state.
In this case, if the integrated value (cumulative value) of the output power A1 is low, it can be determined that deterioration is not progressing in the fuel cell device 8 (the deterioration state is determined to be low), and if the integrated value (cumulative value) of the output power A1 is high, it can be determined that deterioration is progressing in the fuel cell device 8 (the deterioration state is determined to be high).

(発明の実施の第6別形態)
燃料電池装置8の劣化状態として、一定の出力電力A1を得る為の燃料量(燃料消費量)を、劣化状態として使用してもよい。
この場合、燃料消費量が少ないと、燃料電池装置8において劣化は進行していないと判断(劣化状態は低いと判断)でき、燃料消費量が多いと、燃料電池装置8において劣化は進行していると判断(劣化状態は高いと判断)できる。
(Sixth Alternative Embodiment of the Invention)
As the deterioration state of the fuel cell device 8, the amount of fuel (fuel consumption amount) required to obtain a certain output power A1 may be used as the deterioration state.
In this case, if the fuel consumption is low, it can be determined that deterioration is not progressing in the fuel cell device 8 (the deterioration state is determined to be low), and if the fuel consumption is high, it can be determined that deterioration is progressing in the fuel cell device 8 (the deterioration state is determined to be high).

(発明の実施の第7別形態)
燃料電池装置8が初めて発電を開始した時に、所定の出力電力A1を得ている状態での温度センサー24,25,25の検出値を、正常値として記憶しておくことにより、この後の燃料電池装置8の発電により、所定の出力電力A1を得ている状態での温度センサー24,25,25の検出値と正常値との差を、劣化状態として使用してもよい。
この場合、温度センサー24,25,25の検出値と正常値との差が小さいと、燃料電池装置8において劣化は進行していないと判断(劣化状態は低いと判断)でき、温度センサー24,25,25の検出値と正常値との差が大きいと、燃料電池装置8において劣化は進行していると判断(劣化状態は高いと判断)できる。
(Seventh Alternative Embodiment of the Invention)
When the fuel cell device 8 starts generating power for the first time, the detection values of the temperature sensors 24, 25, 25 in the state where a specified output power A1 is being obtained are stored as normal values, and the difference between the detection values of the temperature sensors 24, 25, 25 in the state where a specified output power A1 is being obtained by subsequent power generation by the fuel cell device 8 and the normal values can be used as the deterioration state.
In this case, if the difference between the detection values of the temperature sensors 24, 25, 25 and the normal values is small, it can be determined that deterioration is not progressing in the fuel cell device 8 (the deterioration state is determined to be low), and if the difference between the detection values of the temperature sensors 24, 25, 25 and the normal values is large, it can be determined that deterioration is progressing in the fuel cell device 8 (the deterioration state is determined to be high).

例えば、温度センサー24の検出値の正常値が650℃において、温度センサー24の検出値が670℃の燃料電池装置8と、温度センサー24の検出値が700℃の燃料電池装置8とが存在した場合、温度センサー24の検出値が700℃の燃料電池装置8の方が劣化は進行している判断(劣化状態は高いと判断)できる。 For example, if the normal detection value of the temperature sensor 24 is 650°C, and there is a fuel cell device 8 whose temperature sensor 24 detection value is 670°C and another fuel cell device 8 whose temperature sensor 24 detection value is 700°C, it can be determined that the fuel cell device 8 whose temperature sensor 24 detection value is 700°C is more deteriorated (determined to be in a more deteriorated state).

(発明の実施の第8別形態)
燃料電池装置8の劣化状態として、初めて発電を開始してからの発電時間の累積値(累積発電時間)を、劣化状態として使用してもよい。
この場合、累積発電時間が短いと、燃料電池装置8において劣化は進行していないと判断(劣化状態は低いと判断)でき、累積発電時間が長いと、燃料電池装置8において劣化は進行していると判断(劣化状態は高いと判断)できる。
(Eighth Alternative Embodiment of the Invention)
As the deterioration state of the fuel cell device 8, the accumulated value of the power generation time from when power generation is first started (accumulated power generation time) may be used as the deterioration state.
In this case, if the cumulative power generation time is short, it can be determined that deterioration is not progressing in the fuel cell device 8 (the deterioration state is determined to be low), and if the cumulative power generation time is long, it can be determined that deterioration is progressing in the fuel cell device 8 (the deterioration state is determined to be high).

(発明の実施の第9別形態)
燃料電池装置8において、故障やエラーが発生した場合、故障及びエラーの発生箇所の重要度による重み付けを付加した値を累積(故障履歴)していき、故障履歴を劣化状態として使用してもよい。
この場合、故障履歴が低いと、燃料電池装置8において劣化は進行していないと判断(劣化状態は低いと判断)でき、故障履歴が高いと、燃料電池装置8において劣化は進行していると判断(劣化状態は高いと判断)できる。
(Ninth Alternative Embodiment of the Invention)
When a failure or error occurs in the fuel cell device 8, values weighted according to the importance of the location where the failure or error occurred may be accumulated (failure history), and the failure history may be used as the deterioration state.
In this case, if the failure history is low, it can be determined that deterioration is not progressing in the fuel cell device 8 (the deterioration state is determined to be low), and if the failure history is high, it can be determined that deterioration is progressing in the fuel cell device 8 (the deterioration state is determined to be high).

過去に故障及びエラーが発生した運転条件を記憶しておいた場合、現在の運転条件が、故障及びエラーが発生した運転条件と同じであれば、故障及びエラーの発生の可能性が高くなる。
これにより、現在の運転条件が過去に故障及びエラーが発生した運転条件と同じである状態を、故障履歴の予想値として前述の故障履歴に加えて、これを劣化状態としての故障履歴とすることもできる。
When operating conditions under which a failure or error occurred in the past are stored, the possibility of a failure or error occurring increases if the current operating conditions are the same as those under which a failure or error occurred.
As a result, a state in which the current operating conditions are the same as the operating conditions under which failures and errors occurred in the past can be added to the aforementioned failure history as a predicted value of the failure history, and this can be treated as a failure history representing a deteriorated state.

(発明の実施の第10別形態)
以上の燃料電池装置8の発電効率、発電出力、出力電力A1の積算値(累積値)、燃料消費量、温度センサー24,25,25の検出値と正常値との差、累積発電時間及び故障履歴のうち、複数のデータを取り出し、取り出したデータに重み付けを行い、重み付けが行われたデータの合計を、劣化状態として使用してもよい。
(Tenth Alternative Embodiment of the Invention)
Among the above-mentioned power generation efficiency, power generation output, integrated value (accumulated value) of output power A1, fuel consumption, difference between the detected values and normal values of temperature sensors 24, 25, 25, cumulative power generation time and failure history of the fuel cell device 8, multiple data may be extracted, the extracted data may be weighted, and the sum of the weighted data may be used as the degradation state.

(発明の実施の第11別形態)
前述の(正の調整力の供出指令を受信した管理装置の処理)(その2)及び(負の調整力の供出指令を受信した管理装置の処理)(その2)において、正の調整力(負の調整力)の供出指令の出力要請値の割り当て値の数値(35%、30%、20%、10%、5%)(30%、20%、10%)は、一例であり、これ以外の割り当て値の数値として、(40%、35%、25%)等のように、多数の数値が存在する。
(Eleventh Alternative Embodiment of the Invention)
In the above (Processing of the management device that received a command to supply positive adjustment capacity) (Part 2) and (Processing of the management device that received a command to supply negative adjustment capacity) (Part 2), the numerical values (35%, 30%, 20%, 10%, 5%) of the allocation value of the output request value of the command to supply positive adjustment capacity (negative adjustment capacity) (30%, 20%, 10%) are just examples, and there are many other numerical values for the allocation value, such as (40%, 35%, 25%), etc.

(発明の実施の第12別形態)
以上の実施形態では、本発明の電源管理システムの構成について具体例を挙げて説明したが、その構成は適宜変更が可能である。
例えば、以上の実施形態では、電源装置が備える電源部が燃料電池部17を備える例を説明したが、電源部は電力を出力できる他の装置であってもよい。例えば、電源部が、蓄電池などの充放電部を備える装置であってもよい。その場合、電源管理システムに用いられる電源装置の機能を備え、電源部が充放電部を備える充放電装置が実現される。
又は、電源部は、エンジンとエンジンによって駆動される発電機とを備える装置などであってもよい。
(Twelfth Alternative Embodiment of the Invention)
In the above embodiment, a specific example of the configuration of the power supply management system of the present invention has been given and explained, but the configuration can be modified as appropriate.
For example, in the above embodiment, an example has been described in which the power supply unit of the power supply device includes the fuel cell unit 17, but the power supply unit may be another device capable of outputting electric power. For example, the power supply unit may be a device including a charging/discharging unit such as a storage battery. In that case, a charging/discharging device is realized that has the functions of a power supply device used in a power management system and the power supply unit includes a charging/discharging unit.
Alternatively, the power supply unit may be a device including an engine and a generator driven by the engine.

(発明の実施の第13別形態)
燃料電池装置8に代えて、充放電部を備える充放電装置(図示せず)を備えた場合、電力メーター10の検出値に基づいて、充放電装置の蓄積した電力と放出した電力とにより算出(検出)した充放電効率を、劣化状態として使用してもよい。
充放電効率が高いと、燃料電池装置8において劣化は進行していないと判断(劣化状態は低いと判断)でき、充放電効率が低いと、燃料電池装置8において劣化は進行していると判断(劣化状態は高いと判断)できる。
(Thirteenth Alternative Embodiment of the Invention)
If a charge/discharge device (not shown) equipped with a charge/discharge section is provided instead of the fuel cell device 8, the charge/discharge efficiency calculated (detected) from the accumulated power and released power of the charge/discharge device based on the detection value of the power meter 10 may be used as the degradation state.
When the charge/discharge efficiency is high, it can be determined that deterioration is not progressing in the fuel cell device 8 (the deterioration state is determined to be low), and when the charge/discharge efficiency is low, it can be determined that deterioration is progressing in the fuel cell device 8 (the deterioration state is determined to be high).

施設3の受電点電力を上げるために、出力制御指令としての受電点電力上げ指令を複数の充放電装置に指令する場合、充放電効率が高い充放電装置(劣化状態が低い充放電装置)において、割り当て値が大きくなり、充放電効率が低い充放電装置(劣化状態が高い充放電装置)において、割り当て値が小さくなるように構成する(前記劣化状態が他の前記充放電装置よりも低い前記充放電装置に対しては、前記割り当て値を、他の前記充放電装置の前記割り当て値よりも増加させる状態に相当)。 When issuing a power receiving point power increase command as an output control command to multiple charging/discharging devices to increase the power receiving point of facility 3, the allocation value is configured to be large for charging/discharging devices with high charging/discharging efficiency (charging/discharging devices in a low state of degradation) and small for charging/discharging devices with low charging/discharging efficiency (charging/discharging devices in a high state of degradation) (equivalent to a state in which the allocation value for a charging/discharging device in a lower state of degradation than the other charging/discharging devices is increased more than the allocation values of the other charging/discharging devices).

(発明の実施の第14別形態)
充放電装置の劣化状態として、充放電装置の電池容量を、劣化状態として使用してもよい。
この場合、電池容量が高いと、燃料電池装置8において劣化は進行していないと判断(劣化状態は低いと判断)でき、電池容量が低いと、燃料電池装置8において劣化は進行していると判断(劣化状態は高いと判断)できる。
(Fourteenth Alternative Embodiment of the Invention)
The battery capacity of the charge/discharge device may be used as the deterioration state of the charge/discharge device.
In this case, if the battery capacity is high, it can be determined that deterioration is not progressing in the fuel cell device 8 (the deterioration state is determined to be low), and if the battery capacity is low, it can be determined that deterioration is progressing in the fuel cell device 8 (the deterioration state is determined to be high).

(発明の実施の第15別形態)
充放電装置の劣化状態として、充放電装置の最大入出力電流を、劣化状態として使用してもよい。
この場合、最大入出力電流が高いと、燃料電池装置8において劣化は進行していないと判断(劣化状態は低いと判断)でき、最大入出力電流が低いと、燃料電池装置8において劣化は進行していると判断(劣化状態は高いと判断)できる。
(Fifteenth Alternative Embodiment of the Invention)
As the deterioration state of the charge/discharge device, the maximum input/output current of the charge/discharge device may be used as the deterioration state.
In this case, if the maximum input/output current is high, it can be determined that deterioration is not progressing in the fuel cell device 8 (the deterioration state is determined to be low), and if the maximum input/output current is low, it can be determined that deterioration is progressing in the fuel cell device 8 (the deterioration state is determined to be high).

(発明の実施の第16別形態)
充放電装置において、故障やエラーが発生した場合、故障及びエラーの発生箇所の重要度による重み付けを付加した値を累積(故障履歴)していき、故障履歴を劣化状態として使用してもよい。
この場合、故障履歴が低いと、充放電装置において劣化は進行していないと判断(劣化状態は低いと判断)でき、故障履歴が高いと、充放電装置において劣化は進行していると判断(劣化状態は高いと判断)できる。
(16th Alternative Embodiment of the Invention)
When a failure or error occurs in a charging/discharging device, values weighted according to the importance of the location where the failure or error occurred may be accumulated (failure history), and the failure history may be used as the deterioration state.
In this case, if the failure history is low, it can be determined that deterioration is not progressing in the charging/discharging device (the deterioration state is determined to be low), and if the failure history is high, it can be determined that deterioration is progressing in the charging/discharging device (the deterioration state is determined to be high).

過去に故障及びエラーが発生した運転条件を記憶しておいた場合、現在の運転条件が、故障及びエラーが発生した運転条件と同じであれば、故障及びエラーの発生の可能性が高くなる。
これにより、現在の運転条件が過去に故障及びエラーが発生した運転条件と同じである状態を、故障履歴の予想値として前述の故障履歴に加えて、これを劣化状態としての故障履歴とすることもできる。
When operating conditions under which a failure or error occurred in the past are stored, the possibility of a failure or error occurring increases if the current operating conditions are the same as those under which a failure or error occurred.
As a result, a state in which the current operating conditions are the same as the operating conditions under which failures and errors occurred in the past can be added to the aforementioned failure history as a predicted value of the failure history, and this can be treated as a failure history representing a deteriorated state.

(発明の実施の第17別形態)
以上の充放電装置の電池容量、充放電効率、最大入出力電流及び故障履歴のうち、複数のデータを取り出し、取り出したデータに重み付けを行い、重み付けが行われたデータの合計を、劣化状態として使用してもよい。
(17th Alternative Embodiment of the Invention)
Among the battery capacity, charge/discharge efficiency, maximum input/output current, and failure history of the above-mentioned charging/discharging device, multiple pieces of data may be extracted, the extracted data may be weighted, and the sum of the weighted data may be used as the degradation state.

以上の実施形態(別形態を含む、以下同じ)において開示される構成は、矛盾が生じない限り、他の実施形態で開示される構成と組み合わせて適用でき、また、本明細書において開示された実施形態は例示であって、本発明の実施形態はこれに限定されず、本発明の目的を逸脱しない範囲内で適宜改変できる。 The configurations disclosed in the above embodiments (including alternative embodiments, the same applies below) can be applied in combination with configurations disclosed in other embodiments, provided no inconsistencies arise. Furthermore, the embodiments disclosed in this specification are merely examples, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and can be modified as appropriate within the scope of the purpose of the present invention.

本発明は、調整力の供出が可能な電源管理システムに適用できる。 The present invention can be applied to a power management system capable of providing adjustment power.

2 管理装置
3 施設
5 劣化状態検出部
7 電力系統
8 燃料電池装置(電源装置)
9 電力負荷装置(電力負荷部)
A1 出力電力
A2P 調整力
A2M 調整力
2 Management device 3 Facility 5 Deterioration state detection unit 7 Power system 8 Fuel cell device (power supply device)
9 Power load device (power load section)
A1 Output power A2P Adjustment power A2M Adjustment power

Claims (5)

複数の施設の夫々に設置されて電力を出力可能な電源装置と、複数の前記電源装置との間で前記施設の外部から通信を行うことができる管理装置とを備える電源管理システムであって、
前記電源装置は、電力を電力負荷部に供給可能で、且つ、電力を電力系統に供給可能な状態及び前記電力系統から前記電力負荷部に供給可能な状態で前記電力系統と連系されており、
夫々の前記電源装置の劣化状態を検出する劣化状態検出部が備えられ、
前記管理装置は、調整力の供出指令を受信すると共に、前記劣化状態に基づいて、受信した前記供出指令の出力要請値を複数に分割し複数の前記電源装置に割り当てて、割り当て値に応じた前記電源装置の出力電力を定める出力制御指令を、複数の前記電源装置に対して送信する指令送信処理を行い、
前記電源装置は、電源部が燃料電池部を備える燃料電池装置であり、
前記施設の受電点電力を下げるために前記管理装置から複数の前記燃料電池装置に前記出力制御指令としての受電点電力下げ指令を指令する際、前記劣化状態が他の前記燃料電池装置よりも低い前記燃料電池装置に対しては、前記割り当て値を、他の前記燃料電池装置の前記割り当て値よりも増加させ、
前記劣化状態は、前記燃料電池装置の発電出力、発電効率、定格出力と前記発電出力との差、燃料消費量、温度、累積発電時間及び故障履歴のうちから複数のデータを取り出して重み付けを行い、該重み付けが行われた複数の前記データの合計である電源管理システム。
A power supply management system including a power supply device installed in each of a plurality of facilities and capable of outputting electric power, and a management device capable of communicating with the plurality of power supply devices from outside the facilities,
the power supply device is connected to the power grid in a state in which it can supply power to a power load, and in a state in which it can supply power to the power grid and from the power grid to the power load,
a deterioration state detection unit that detects a deterioration state of each of the power supply devices;
the management device receives a supply command for adjustment capacity, and performs a command transmission process of dividing an output request value of the received supply command into a plurality of parts based on the degradation state, allocating the divided parts to the plurality of power supply devices, and transmitting output control commands to the plurality of power supply devices that determine output power of the power supply devices according to the allocated values ;
The power supply device is a fuel cell device in which a power supply unit includes a fuel cell unit,
When the management device issues a power receiving point power reduction command as the output control command to the plurality of fuel cell devices in order to reduce the power receiving point power of the facility, the allocation value of the fuel cell device whose degradation state is lower than the other fuel cell devices is increased more than the allocation values of the other fuel cell devices;
A power supply management system in which the deterioration state is determined by weighting multiple data items selected from the power generation output, power generation efficiency, difference between rated output and the power generation output, fuel consumption, temperature, cumulative power generation time, and failure history of the fuel cell device, and the sum of the multiple weighted data items .
複数の施設の夫々に設置されて電力を出力可能な電源装置と、複数の前記電源装置との間で前記施設の外部から通信を行うことができる管理装置とを備える電源管理システムであって、
前記電源装置は、電力を電力負荷部に供給可能で、且つ、電力を電力系統に供給可能な状態及び前記電力系統から前記電力負荷部に供給可能な状態で前記電力系統と連系されており、
夫々の前記電源装置の劣化状態を検出する劣化状態検出部が備えられ、
前記管理装置は、調整力の供出指令を受信すると共に、前記劣化状態に基づいて、受信した前記供出指令の出力要請値を複数に分割し複数の前記電源装置に割り当てて、割り当て値に応じた前記電源装置の出力電力を定める出力制御指令を、複数の前記電源装置に対して送信する指令送信処理を行い、
前記電源装置は、電源部が燃料電池部を備える燃料電池装置であり、
前記施設の受電点電力を上げるために前記管理装置から複数の前記燃料電池装置に前記出力制御指令としての受電点電力上げ指令を指令する際、前記劣化状態が他の前記燃料電池装置よりも高い前記燃料電池装置に対しては、前記割り当て値を、他の前記燃料電池装置の前記割り当て値よりも増加させ、
前記劣化状態、前記燃料電池装置の発電出力、発電効率、定格出力と前記発電出力との差、燃料消費量、温度、累積発電時間及び故障履歴のうちから複数のデータを取り出して重み付けを行い、該重み付けが行われた複数の前記データの合計である電源管理システム。
A power supply management system including a power supply device installed in each of a plurality of facilities and capable of outputting electric power, and a management device capable of communicating with the plurality of power supply devices from outside the facilities,
the power supply device is connected to the power grid in a state in which it can supply power to a power load, and in a state in which it can supply power to the power grid and from the power grid to the power load,
a deterioration state detection unit that detects a deterioration state of each of the power supply devices;
the management device receives a supply command for adjustment capacity, and performs a command transmission process of dividing an output request value of the received supply command into a plurality of parts based on the degradation state, allocating the divided parts to the plurality of power supply devices, and transmitting output control commands to the plurality of power supply devices that determine output power of the power supply devices according to the allocated values;
The power supply device is a fuel cell device in which a power supply unit includes a fuel cell unit,
When the management device issues a power receiving point power increase command as the output control command to the plurality of fuel cell devices in order to increase the power receiving point power of the facility, the allocation value of the fuel cell device having a higher degradation state than the other fuel cell devices is increased more than the allocation values of the other fuel cell devices;
A power supply management system in which the deterioration state is determined by weighting multiple data items selected from the power generation output, power generation efficiency, difference between rated output and the power generation output, fuel consumption, temperature, cumulative power generation time, and failure history of the fuel cell device, and the sum of the multiple weighted data items .
複数の施設の夫々に設置されて電力を出力可能な電源装置と、複数の前記電源装置との間で前記施設の外部から通信を行うことができる管理装置とを備える電源管理システムであって、
前記電源装置は、電力を電力負荷部に供給可能で、且つ、電力を電力系統に供給可能な状態及び前記電力系統から前記電力負荷部に供給可能な状態で前記電力系統と連系されており、
夫々の前記電源装置の劣化状態を検出する劣化状態検出部が備えられ、
前記管理装置は、調整力の供出指令を受信すると共に、前記劣化状態に基づいて、受信した前記供出指令の出力要請値を複数に分割し複数の前記電源装置に割り当てて、割り当て値に応じた前記電源装置の出力電力を定める出力制御指令を、複数の前記電源装置に対して送信する指令送信処理を行い、
前記電源装置の電源部が充放電部を備える充放電装置であり、
前記施設の受電点電力を下げるために前記管理装置から複数の前記充放電装置に前記出力制御指令としての受電点電力下げ指令を指令する際、前記劣化状態が他の前記充放電装置よりも低い前記充放電装置に対しては、前記割り当て値を、他の前記充放電装置の前記割り当て値よりも増加させ、
前記劣化状態は、前記充放電装置の電池容量、充放電効率、最大入出力電流及び故障履歴のうちから複数のデータを取り出して重み付けを行い、該重み付けが行われた複数の前記データの合計である電源管理システム。
A power supply management system including a power supply device installed in each of a plurality of facilities and capable of outputting electric power, and a management device capable of communicating with the plurality of power supply devices from outside the facilities,
the power supply device is connected to the power grid in a state in which it can supply power to a power load, and in a state in which it can supply power to the power grid and from the power grid to the power load,
a deterioration state detection unit that detects a deterioration state of each of the power supply devices;
the management device receives a supply command for adjustment capacity, and performs a command transmission process of dividing an output request value of the received supply command into a plurality of parts based on the degradation state, allocating the divided parts to the plurality of power supply devices, and transmitting output control commands to the plurality of power supply devices that determine output power of the power supply devices according to the allocated values;
a power supply unit of the power supply device including a charging/discharging unit;
When the management device issues a power receiving point power reduction command as the output control command to the plurality of charging/discharging devices in order to reduce the power receiving point power of the facility, the allocation value of the charging/discharging device whose degradation state is lower than that of the other charging /discharging devices is increased to be higher than the allocation values of the other charging/discharging devices ;
A power management system in which the degradation state is determined by weighting multiple data items selected from the battery capacity, charge/discharge efficiency, maximum input/output current, and failure history of the charging/discharging device, and the weighted state is the sum of the multiple data items .
複数の施設の夫々に設置されて電力を出力可能な電源装置と、複数の前記電源装置との間で前記施設の外部から通信を行うことができる管理装置とを備える電源管理システムであって、
前記電源装置は、電力を電力負荷部に供給可能で、且つ、電力を電力系統に供給可能な状態及び前記電力系統から前記電力負荷部に供給可能な状態で前記電力系統と連系されており、
夫々の前記電源装置の劣化状態を検出する劣化状態検出部が備えられ、
前記管理装置は、調整力の供出指令を受信すると共に、前記劣化状態に基づいて、受信した前記供出指令の出力要請値を複数に分割し複数の前記電源装置に割り当てて、割り当て値に応じた前記電源装置の出力電力を定める出力制御指令を、複数の前記電源装置に対して送信する指令送信処理を行い、
前記電源装置の電源部が充放電部を備える充放電装置であり、
前記施設の受電点電力を上げるために前記管理装置から複数の前記充放電装置に前記出力制御指令としての受電点電力上げ指令を指令する際、前記劣化状態が他の前記充放電装置よりも低い前記充放電装置に対しては、前記割り当て値を、他の前記充放電装置の前記割り当て値よりも増加させ、
前記劣化状態は、前記充放電装置の電池容量、充放電効率、最大入出力電流及び故障履歴のうちから複数のデータを取り出して重み付けを行い、該重み付けが行われた複数の前記データの合計である電源管理システム。
A power supply management system including a power supply device installed in each of a plurality of facilities and capable of outputting electric power, and a management device capable of communicating with the plurality of power supply devices from outside the facilities,
the power supply device is connected to the power grid in a state in which it can supply power to a power load, and in a state in which it can supply power to the power grid and from the power grid to the power load,
a deterioration state detection unit that detects a deterioration state of each of the power supply devices;
the management device receives a supply command for adjustment capacity, and performs a command transmission process of dividing an output request value of the received supply command into a plurality of parts based on the degradation state, allocating the divided parts to the plurality of power supply devices, and transmitting output control commands to the plurality of power supply devices that determine output power of the power supply devices according to the allocated values;
a power supply unit of the power supply device including a charging/discharging unit;
When issuing a power receiving point power increase command as the output control command from the management device to the plurality of charging/discharging devices in order to increase the power receiving point power of the facility, the allocation value of the charging/discharging device whose degradation state is lower than that of the other charging/discharging devices is increased to be higher than the allocation values of the other charging/discharging devices;
A power management system in which the degradation state is determined by weighting multiple data items selected from the battery capacity, charge/discharge efficiency, maximum input/output current, and failure history of the charging/discharging device, and the weighted state is the sum of the multiple data items .
前記電源装置に、前記電源装置の出力電力が減少すると発電効率又は充放電効率が低下する電源装置が含まれている請求項1~4のうちのいずれか一項に記載の電源管理システム。 5. The power management system according to claim 1, wherein the power supply devices include a power supply device whose power generation efficiency or charge/discharge efficiency decreases when the output power of the power supply device decreases.
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