JP7634868B2 - How to detect the degree of resilience - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a method for detecting the degree of resilience.

In recent years, resilience has been a concept that has attracted a lot of attention, and many studies on resilience have been published. Resilience began to be introduced in the 1980s as a concept that means a defensive factor and resistance against mental illness caused by stress, and is now often used to mean "the ability to bounce back from adversity" (Non-Patent Document 1). In the field of psychiatry, it has already been reported that there is a negative correlation between resilience and the onset of depression (Non-Patent Document 2), and that improving resilience has an inhibitory effect on the onset of depression (Non-Patent Document 3), and it is said that improving resilience is necessary to maintain mental health. In other words, resilience is also attracting attention from the perspective of preventive medicine. In addition, a correlation between QOL and resilience during the course of physical illnesses such as chronic heart disease (CVD), cancer patients (Non-Patent Document 4), and neurodegenerative diseases (Non-Patent Document 5) has begun to be reported. A large-scale observational study of healthy women has also reported a relationship between resilience and lifestyle habits such as diet, exercise, and sleep, which are considered to be risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) (Non-Patent Document 6), and that exercise and dietary habits improve resilience (Non-Patent Documents 7 and 8). In other words, in addition to the field of psychiatry, the importance of resilience is also attracting attention in the prevention and treatment of physical illnesses, and it has also been suggested that lifestyle habits are involved in maintaining resilience.

To scientifically verify and study resilience, a scale that quantitatively measures resilience is necessary, and so several scales have been developed to date. Among them, Wagnild & Young's Resilience Scale (RS) is considered to be one of the most reliable and valid in the West. The Japanese version was created by Nishi Daisuke et al. (Non-Patent Document 9), and the Japanese version of the RS25 is often used in resilience research in Japan. However, when Nishi et al. actually verified this Japanese version of the RS25 in Japanese people, the average total score was significantly lower than the original, the opposite result to the English version was obtained, that is, the higher the stress received, the higher the resilience, and the correlation between depression and resilience was low. In these respects, the reliability and validity of the Japanese version is not as good as that of the original, and Nishi et al.'s paper also points out that the scale is not necessarily suitable for Japanese people. It is speculated that this may be due to the tendency of Japanese people to refrain from using positive and proactive expressions. It is also mentioned that there was a bias, such as the fact that most of the subjects used in the verification were young women who were students.

Meanwhile, scales developed in Japan include the "Mental Resilience Scale" by Oshio Shinji et al. (Non-Patent Document 10) and the "Two-Dimensional Resilience Factor Scale" by Hirano Mari et al. (Non-Patent Document 11). However, both have been tested on students, and their validity has only been demonstrated in younger age groups. Therefore, developing a versatile resilience scale suitable for Japanese people is considered to be an important issue, both for effectively intervening in the prevention and recovery of mental illness, and for advancing empirical research on resilience.

Nishi et al., Japanese Journal of General Hospital Psychiatry, General Hospital Psychiatry, 2012, 24, 2-8 Lavretsky et al., Aging Health (2007) 3(3), 309-323 Julia CP et al., Child Abuse Negl. 64 (2017) 89-100 Joao Paulo et al., BMC Palliat Care (2016) 15:70 Andrea M et al. J Health Psychol., 2016 3004-3015 Springfield S et al.,Nutrients. 2020; 12(7):2107 Ho FK et al.,BMC pediatrics 2015;15:48 Hattori et al., Tokai Gakuen University Research Bulletin. 2014;19:91-101 Nishi D, et al., BMC Res Notes. 2010, 3: 310 Shinji Oshio, Motoyuki Nakatani, Kazushi Kaneko, Shinji Nagamine. Psychological characteristics that lead to recovery from negative events: Creation of a psychological resilience scale. Counseling Research 2002, Vol. 35, No. 1, 57-65. Hirano, M., Attempt to classify resilience into inherent and acquired factors: Creation of the two-dimensional resilience factor scale (BRS). Personality Research 2010, Vol. 19, No. 2, 94-106

The present invention aims to provide a new method for detecting the degree of resilience suited to subjects (e.g., Japanese people) who live in an environment where relationships with society are given more importance than in Europe or the United States.

Hagiwara, the creator of this invention, has considered the therapeutic effects of Kampo medicine and has proposed the idea that Kampo medicine has medicinal effects by enhancing the resilience of the mind and body (Keisuke Hagiwara. Kampo medicine leads to the resilience of the mind and body, Osaka University Press). In Oriental medicine, there is a concept of the five organs consisting of the liver, heart, spleen, lungs, and kidneys. This concept is different from the organ concept in modern medicine, and is a system concept in which functions across organs are clustered. Specifically, the liver does not refer to the liver, but to the system of physical control in which the endocrine and metabolic systems are added to the autonomic nervous system. The heart refers to the system of physical control by the circulatory system and central nervous system, the spleen refers to the system of physical control by the digestive system, the lungs refer to the system of physical control by the respiratory system, and the kidneys refer to the system of physical control in which vital energy is added to the urinary and reproductive system. In addition, Oriental medicine evaluates the body and mind as one without distinguishing them, based on the idea of the unity of mind and body. The concept of the five organs includes human emotions, known as the "five feelings," and higher-level mental functions, known as the "five organs." In the "five feelings," human emotions are clustered as follows: "Liver = anger, heart = joy, spleen = worry, lungs = sadness, kidneys = fear." In the "five organs," higher-level mental functions are clustered as follows: "Liver = soul (decisiveness), heart = spirit (cognitive function), spleen = will (memory), lungs = spirit (motivation), kidneys = will (willpower)." In this way, the five organs (heart, spleen, lungs, kidneys, liver) and emotions are said to be interrelated, and the Japanese Resilience Scale (J-RS: Figure 1) used in this invention is based on this Oriental medicine perspective, and also includes content that is in line with the temperament of Japanese people, such as empathy, which is not emphasized in existing scales, and has been devised with consideration given to the methods of expression that have been cited as shortcomings of existing scales.

The present inventors have investigated an evaluation method suitable for evaluating the resilience of subjects (e.g., Japanese) in an environment where social relationships are emphasized more than in the West, and have found that (1) questions related to the five organs of Oriental medicine, namely "liver," "heart," "spleen," "lungs," and "kidneys," as well as questions related to sociality, and answers to these questions, and (2) measurement information on the subject's autonomic nervous function, are highly correlated with the degree of resilience and can be used as markers for detecting the degree of resilience. More specifically, they have found that a method for detecting the degree of resilience based on either or both of (1) questions related to the "five emotions" of Oriental medicine, that is, the five emotions of anger, joy, thought, sorrow, and fear, and "willpower," which is closely related to resilience among the "five organs," as well as questions related to sociality, and answers to these questions, and (2) measurement information on the subject's autonomic nervous function, is suitable for subjects such as Japanese. The present invention has been completed based on these findings. Note that "fear" of the five emotions and "willpower" of the five organs are both included in the "kidneys" of the five organs.

The present invention typically includes the following aspects.
Item 1.
1. A method for detecting a degree of resilience in a subject, comprising:
A step in which the subject answers the presented questions by selecting at least one answer from the graded options;
The method includes a step of scoring the answers and a step of detecting a degree of resilience according to the scores,
The presented questions include at least one question belonging to the liver, at least one question belonging to the heart, at least one question belonging to the spleen, at least one question belonging to the lungs, at least one question belonging to the kidneys, and at least one question belonging to society.
method.
Item 2.
At least one question belonging to the main point is:
"I can control my emotions in stressful situations"
"I get annoyed when things don't go the way I want them to."
"I can remain calm even in difficult situations" and "I suddenly explode with emotion when something goes wrong."
a question corresponding to at least one question selected from the group consisting of:
At least one question in the mind:
"I can honestly be happy about my success."
"I can forgive others even if I have suffered a disadvantage."
"I can trust people even when they treat me dishonestly" and "I can enjoy my daily life even when I'm going through hard times"
a question corresponding to at least one question selected from the group consisting of:
At least one question belonging to the spleen,
"Don't dwell on things that are over."
"Even if you fail, you can change your mindset."
"When things go wrong, I see things pessimistically" and "Even small things make me feel down"
a question corresponding to at least one question selected from the group consisting of:
At least one question belonging to the lungs,
"I'm worried about how I'm being evaluated and what other people think."
"I'm bothered by small things that no one else notices,"
"I feel anxious when I'm in an uneasy situation" and "I feel alone when I'm facing or dealing with difficult situations"
a question corresponding to at least one question selected from the group consisting of:
At least one question belonging to the kidney,
"I can overcome failure and take on new challenges."
"Even when faced with difficult situations, I can look at things in a positive way."
"Even if I fail, I can set another goal" and "Even if I feel anxious, I can believe in myself"
a question corresponding to at least one question selected from the group consisting of:
At least one question belonging to said society,
"Someone to laugh and cry with"
"There's someone I can have fun with"
"There is someone who is there for me and watches over me."
"There are people who care about me and give me kind words," and "There are people who are sympathetic."
A question corresponding to at least one question selected from the group consisting of:
Item 1. The method according to item 1.
Item 3.
Item 3. The method according to item 1 or 2, wherein the graded options are five-level options.
Item 4.
Item 4. The method according to item 3, wherein the five options correspond to: very applicable, fairly applicable, neither, not very applicable, and not applicable at all, respectively.
Item 5.
1. A method for detecting a degree of resilience in a subject, comprising:
A method comprising a step of detecting a degree of resilience based on measurement information of a subject's autonomic nervous function.
Item 6.
1. A method for detecting a degree of resilience in a subject, comprising:
A step in which the subject answers the presented questions by selecting at least one answer from the graded options;
The method includes a step of scoring the answers, and a step of detecting a degree of resilience according to the scores and measurement information of the subject's autonomic nervous function,
The presented group of questions includes at least one question belonging to anger, at least one question belonging to joy, at least one question belonging to thought, at least one question belonging to sadness, at least one question belonging to fear, and at least one question belonging to society.
method.
Item 7.
Item 7. The method according to item 5 or 6, wherein the autonomic nerve function is parasympathetic nerve activity.
Item 8.
Item 8. A method for using the degree of resilience obtained by the method according to any one of Items 1 to 7 as a marker for detecting susceptibility to mood disorders or postpartum psychiatric disorders.

The present invention provides a new method for detecting the degree of resilience that correlates with the Japanese version of the RS25, the CES-D depression scale, self-esteem (RSES), autonomic nervous function, etc. This makes it possible to detect susceptibility to mood disorders or postpartum mental disorders.

The questions used in Example 1 are shown below. These questions are examples of questions that can be used in the method for detecting resilience of the present invention. 1 is a graph showing the correlation between the resilience scale obtained in Example 1 using the J-RS and the resilience scale using the Japanese version of the RS25. 1 is a graph showing the correlation between the resilience scale using the J-RS obtained in Example 1 and self-esteem (RSES). 1 is a graph showing the correlation between the resilience scale and depression scale (CES-D) using the J-RS obtained in Example 1. 1 is a graph showing the correlation between the resilience scale by J-RS obtained in Example 1 and parasympathetic nervous function. This is a graph showing the correlation between the resilience scale based on the J-RS and the Geriatric Depression Scale Short Version-Japanese (GDS-S-J).

As used herein, a subject refers to a human being who is the subject of a test.
In this specification, the degree of resilience may be referred to as the resilience scale.

One aspect of the present invention relates to a method for detecting the degree of resilience in a subject, and a method for using the degree of resilience detected by the method as a marker for detecting susceptibility to a mood disorder or a postpartum mental disorder. Methods for detecting the degree of resilience in a subject include (1) a method that uses the subject's answers to questions, (2) a method that uses the results of measurements of the subject's autonomic nervous function (particularly parasympathetic nervous function), and (3) a method that uses both the subject's answers to questions and the results of measurements of the subject's autonomic nervous function (particularly parasympathetic nervous function).

In the method for detecting the degree of resilience in a subject, the subject is not particularly limited, but is preferably Japanese, a postpartum woman (e.g., within one year after giving birth, preferably within six months after giving birth), an elderly person (e.g., 60 years or older, preferably 65 years or older), etc.

(Method 1 for detecting the degree of resilience)
The method for detecting the degree of resilience of a subject using the subject's answers to questions includes a step in which the subject selects at least one answer from graded options for a group of questions presented to the subject (answering step), a step in which the answer is scored (scoring step), and a step in which the degree of resilience is detected according to the score (detection step), where the group of questions presented includes at least one question belonging to the liver, at least one question belonging to the heart, at least one question belonging to the spleen, at least one question belonging to the lungs, at least one question belonging to the kidneys, and at least one question belonging to society. The questions and answers may be written on paper or displayed on a display device capable of displaying characters.

Here, the liver, heart, spleen, lungs, and kidneys are five categories of human emotions and higher mental functions according to the concepts of the "five feelings" and "five organs" in traditional Chinese medicine (Huangdi Neijing, "Su Wen," Xuanming Wu Qi Chapter, 23, Chapter 10). For example, the concept of kidney is related to fear in the "five feelings," and at the same time, it is related to willpower in the "five organs," so questions about "fear" or "willpower" are included in the group of questions that belong to the kidney.
Therefore, whether a question pertains to the liver, heart, spleen, lungs, or kidneys is determined based on the "five feelings" and the "five organs."
The key questions are those related to the subject's anger or emotional control.
The mind questions are questions that concern the subject's pleasure or cognitive functions (understanding, judgment, logic, etc.).
The questions in this category are questions that relate to the subject's tendencies to brood or trauma.
The pulmonary questions are questions relating to the subject's sadness or anxiety.
The kidney questions are questions that concern the subject's fear or willpower.

Furthermore, the above-mentioned questions related to society are questions about the subject's sociality, such as questions about the subject's relationship with society, and the subject's connections and empathy with others.

At least one of each of these six categories of questions (questions pertaining to the liver, heart, spleen, lungs, kidneys, and society) is included in the question group. The number of questions per category can be 2 or more, 2-20, 2-10, 2-6, 3-6, etc. The number of questions in one category can be the same as or different from the number of questions in the other categories.

The number of questions that make up a question group should be one or more per category, i.e., six or more, and can be 6-120, 12-60, 12-36, 18-36, etc.

Examples of questions related to the liver (controlling anger and emotions) include "I can control my emotions in stressful situations," "I get irritated when things don't go the way I want them to," "I can remain calm even in difficult situations," and "When something inconvenient happens to me, I suddenly explode with emotion."

Examples of questions related to the mind (joy and cognitive functions) include "I can be genuinely happy about my successes," "I can forgive others even if I have suffered a disadvantage," "I can trust people even if they treat me dishonestly," and "I can enjoy my daily life even when there are difficult times."

Examples of questions relating to the spleen (tendency to brood and trauma) include "I don't dwell on things that are over," "Even if I fail, I can move on," "When something goes wrong, I take a pessimistic view of things," and "Even small things make me feel down."

Examples of questions related to the lungs (sadness and anxiety) include "I worry about how others perceive me," "I worry about small things that no one else seems to notice," "I feel anxious when I'm in an uneasy situation," and "I feel lonely when I'm facing or dealing with difficult situations."

Examples of questions related to the kidneys (fear and willpower) include "I can overcome failure and take on new challenges," "Even when faced with difficult situations, I can look at things in a positive way," "Even when I fail, I can set new goals," and "Even when I feel anxious, I can believe in myself."

Examples of questions relating to society include "There are people who laugh and cry with me," "There are people I can have fun with," "There are people who are close to me and watch over me," "There are people who care about me and say kind words to me," "There are people who are sympathetic," etc.

The questions are not limited to those specifically mentioned above. In addition, the questions may be of content equivalent to those specifically mentioned above.

In this specification, the specifically illustrated set of 25 questions, or the method of detecting the degree of resilience using this set of questions, may be referred to as J-RS.

In addition to the questions, subjects are presented with graded answer options from which they can select an answer. Here, the answer options are graded according to the extent to which they apply to the content of the questions, and may be, for example, five levels such as "very applicable," "somewhat applicable," "neither," "not really applicable," and "not applicable at all," or options equivalent to these.

Answer options can be on a 3-6 scale, with 3-5 scales being preferred.

The answer options are not limited to those specifically shown above. The answer options may be equivalent to those specifically shown above.

The answers of the subjects are scored. For example, in the case of the J-RS used in the examples, the answer options selected by the subjects are scored as follows. Note that the scoring in the present invention is not limited to this example of scoring.
5 points: "Applies well"
4 points: "Well, it fits"
3 points: "Neither"
2 points: "Not very applicable"
1 point: "Not applicable at all"

In the case of this scoring system, the more the content of each question in the J-RS corresponds to the higher the level of resilience, so if the total score obtained for each answer is high, the level of resilience is detected as high, and if it is low, the level of resilience is detected as low. Here, if the content of one or more questions that make up the question group corresponds to a lower level of resilience if the content is high, the answer options for that question can be scored in the opposite way to the above.

The J-RS consists of 25 questions, so the total score ranges from 25 to 125 points. Subjects who score 25 points have the lowest resilience, and subjects who score 125 points have the highest resilience. In this way, with the J-RS, the level of resilience can be assessed according to the total score (25 to 125 points).

When scoring answers, weighting may be applied according to the content of the question. For example, questions that are more important in the resilience assessment compared to other questions may be assigned a score by multiplying the base score (the aforementioned 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 points for the J-RS) by an appropriate coefficient greater than 1 (e.g., 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, etc.), and conversely, questions that are less important may be assigned a score by multiplying the base score by an appropriate coefficient less than 1 (e.g., 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, etc.).

(Method 2 for detecting the degree of resilience)
A method for utilizing the measurement results of the subject's autonomic nervous function includes a step of detecting a degree of resilience in response to the measurement information of the subject's autonomic nervous function.

Here, the measurement result is not particularly limited as long as it is a result of measurement that can measure the level of autonomic nervous function, but is preferably a result of measurement that can measure the level of parasympathetic nervous function. It is preferable that the subject whose parasympathetic nervous function is measured is in a normal state.
Examples of the measurement results include, but are not limited to, heartbeat intervals, time series data of heartbeat intervals, heart rate, indices of sympathetic nervous function (LF/HF, CSI, etc.), indices of parasympathetic nervous function (HF, RMSSD, NN50, CVI, etc.), overall activity of heart rate variability (LF, SDNN, etc.), etc. Also, one type of measurement result may be used, or two or more types may be combined.

For example, if parasympathetic function in normal conditions is high, resilience can be evaluated as high, and if parasympathetic function in normal conditions is low, resilience can be evaluated as low.

(Method 3 for detecting the degree of resilience)
The method utilizing both the subject's answers to the questions and the measurement results of the subject's autonomic nervous function includes a step in which the subject selects at least one answer from a graded set of options for a group of questions presented to them (answering step), a step in which the answer is scored (scoring step), and a step in which the degree of resilience is detected based on the score and the measurement information of the subject's autonomic nervous function (detection step), wherein the group of questions presented to them includes at least one question relating to the liver, at least one question relating to the heart, at least one question relating to the spleen, at least one question relating to the lungs, at least one question relating to the kidneys, and at least one question relating to society.

The answering process and scoring process in this method are the same as those in method 1, and the measurement information of autonomic nervous function is the same as those in method 2.

In the detection process, the degree of resilience is determined from the score obtained in the scoring process and the measurement information of autonomic nervous function (preferably parasympathetic nervous function). For example, the higher the score on the Resilience Scale (J-RS) or the higher the normal parasympathetic nervous function, the higher the resilience is expected to be. If there is a dissociation between the two sets of data, it is possible to find the true resilience by searching for the cause. Furthermore, if both are low, it is possible to move in the direction of increasing resilience by considering methods of intervention for the subject.

(Method of using the degree of resilience as a marker for detecting susceptibility to mood disorders or postpartum mental disorders)
The degree of resilience obtained by any of the methods 1 to 3 may be correlated with the RS25 Japanese version, the CES-D depression scale, the RSES self-esteem scale, and the Geriatric Depression Scale Short Version (GDS-S-J). Therefore, this degree of resilience can be used as a marker for detecting susceptibility to mood disorders or postpartum mental disorders.

For example, by taking into consideration that a score of 16 or more on the existing CES-D scale indicates a depressed state, and a score of 6 or more on the Geriatric Depression Scale Short Version - Japanese (GDS-S-J) indicates a depressive tendency, the cutoff value for the J-RS in the examples is derived to be 60.4 points based on the correlation with the CES-D for postpartum women, and 62.0 points based on the correlation with the GDS-S-J for elderly people, making it possible to predict a depressive tendency from the resilience scale.

Mood disorders include bipolar disorder, recurrent depressive disorder, persistent mood disorder, depressive disorder (depression, persistent depressive disorder, etc.), and post-traumatic stress disorder (also known as PTSD).

Examples of postpartum mental disorders include postpartum depression, mania, and bipolar disorder.

By combining a resilience scale and an assessment of autonomic nervous function, this invention is a groundbreaking invention that makes it possible to easily assess individual differences in depression tendencies and stress tolerance. This invention can also be introduced into group testing in companies and schools, and if this new detection method (assessment method) can predict future declines in mental health, it will be useful for early intervention and maintaining the mental health of society as a whole. Furthermore, because the method of the present invention allows for stable assessment, it will also be possible to consider effective intervention methods, which will also contribute to medical economics. In addition, in the IT industry and AI, which have seen remarkable growth in recent years, it will be possible to develop apps and software for this method.

Those skilled in the art can refer to the above description, particularly the description regarding J-RS, and modify the embodiments as appropriate while maintaining the principles, and such modified embodiments are encompassed by the present invention.

The following provides a more detailed explanation of one embodiment of the present invention through examples, but the present invention is not limited to these.

Example 1
Relationship between a new method for detecting resilience (J-RS) and mental state in postpartum women (Method)
We created a questionnaire that includes perspectives unique to Japanese people and also takes into consideration the way of expression (Figure 1). First, from the perspective of "unique to Japanese people," the questionnaire included four questions about each of the five emotions (five emotions) and mental activities (five organs) (anger; joy; thought; sadness; fear and will) based on the ideas of the ancient Chinese medicine text "Huangdi Neijing." In addition to these questions, the questionnaire included five questions from the perspective of social connections.
The subjects were Japanese women (27 people, average age 33.63 years, range 27-41 years) who had given birth within six months. It is said that the onset of postpartum depression is common within six months of giving birth. This questionnaire was presented to the subjects and responses were collected (J-RS). The J-RS questionnaire presented each question with a five-level option (very applicable, somewhat applicable, neither, not very applicable, and not applicable at all), and respondents answered by selecting one option.
The responses were scored according to the following criteria:
5 points: "Applies well"
4 points: "Well, it fits."
3 points: "Neither"
2 points: "Not very applicable"
1 point: "Not applicable at all"
The J-RS consists of 25 questions, so the total score ranges from 25 to 125 points. Subjects with a high total score were evaluated as having high resilience, and subjects with a low total score were evaluated as having low resilience. In this way, the J-RS was able to detect the degree of resilience (resilience scale) of each subject based on the total score (25 to 125 points).

In addition to the J-RS, the same subjects were also administered the Japanese version of the RS25, the CES-D Depression Scale (LS Radloff, Applied Psychological Measurement. 1977;1:385-401), and the RSES (Rosenberg, M. Prinston University Press. 1965), and the correlations between these scales and the J-RS were examined.

(result)
A positive correlation was found between the J-RS and the Japanese version of the RS25 (Figure 2), and between the J-RS and the Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) (Figure 3) (r=0.74, p<0.0001, and r=0.70, p<0.0001, respectively). On the other hand, a stronger negative correlation (r=-0.52, p=0.01) was found between the J-RS and the Depression Scale (CES-D) (Figure 4) than the negative correlation (r=-0.30) between the Japanese version of the RS25 and the CES-D. These results indicate that the resilience scale derived from the J-RS is valid as an index of resilience evaluation and is more appropriate than the Japanese version of the RS25.

(Example 2) Relationship between a new method for detecting the degree of resilience (J-RS) and autonomic nervous function in postpartum women (Method)
The subjects were 27 Japanese women within six months of giving birth, as in Example 1. Four phases (normal state (mother and child are free to move about), standing with infant held, mother and child separated, standing with infant held) were set, and the electrocardiograms of the mother and child were measured for 3 minutes in each phase using Polymate mini (Miyuki Giken). Time series data of heart rate intervals was extracted from the data for the last minute of each phase, and sympathetic and parasympathetic functions were evaluated using a Lorenz plot evaluation method (Toichi et al., 1997) (analysis software: Map1060).

(result)
A significant positive correlation was observed between parasympathetic function (activity of the parasympathetic nervous system in a normal state) and the J-RS obtained in Example 1 (r=0.42, p=0.05: FIG. 5). This result and the results of Example 1 suggest that resilience can be predicted from the measurement results of parasympathetic function in a normal state.

(Example 3) Relationship between a new method for detecting the degree of resilience in elderly people (J-RS) and the Geriatric Depression Scale Short Version-Japanese version (GDS-S-J) (Method)
The subjects were 255 elderly Japanese (average age: 75.8 years), and the resilience scale (J-RS) was derived for each subject in the same manner as in Example 1.
In addition to the J-RS, the same subjects were also measured using the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Version (GDS-S-J) (Sheikh JI et al. Clin Geron. 1986; 5: 165-173, Sugishita M et al. Japanese Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 2009; 11: 87-90), and the correlation with the J-RS was examined.

(result)
A negative correlation was found between the J-RS and the Geriatric Depression Scale (Figure 6; r = -0.40, p < 0.001). These results indicate that the resilience scale derived from the J-RS is valid as an index for resilience assessment in the elderly.

Claims (6)

A method for scoring a degree of resilience in a subject to detect the degree of resilience in the subject , comprising:
A step in which the subject answers the presented questions by selecting at least one answer from the graded options; and
The process of scoring answers
Including ,
The set of questions presented includes at least two questions related to the liver (anger and emotion control) , at least two questions related to the heart (joy and cognitive functions) , at least two questions related to the spleen (tendency to brood and trauma) , at least two questions related to the lungs (sadness and anxiety) , at least two questions related to the kidneys (fear and will) , and at least two questions related to the sociality of the subject related to society.
1. A method comprising:
At least two questions belonging to the main point are:
"I can control my emotions in stressful situations"
"I get annoyed when things don't go the way I want them to."
"I can remain calm even in difficult situations" and
"When something inconvenient happens to me, I suddenly explode with emotion."
questions corresponding to at least two questions selected from the group consisting of:
At least two questions in the mind:
"I can honestly be happy about my success."
"I can forgive others even if I have suffered a disadvantage."
"I can trust people even when they treat me dishonestly," and
"Even when things are tough, I can still enjoy my daily life"
questions corresponding to at least two questions selected from the group consisting of:
At least two questions belonging to the spleen,
"Don't dwell on things that are over,"
"Even if you fail, you can change your mindset."
"When things go wrong, I tend to be pessimistic" and
"Even the smallest things make me feel down"
questions corresponding to at least two questions selected from the group consisting of:
At least two questions belonging to the lungs,
"I'm worried about how I'm being evaluated and what other people think."
"I'm bothered by small things that no one else notices,"
"When I'm in an uneasy situation, I feel agitated," and
"I feel alone when I'm facing or dealing with difficult things."
questions corresponding to at least two questions selected from the group consisting of:
At least two questions related to the kidney:
"I can overcome failure and take on new challenges."
"Even when faced with difficult situations, I can look at things in a positive way."
"Even if you fail, you can have another goal," and
"Even if I'm feeling anxious, I can still believe in myself"
questions corresponding to at least two questions selected from the group consisting of:
Questions regarding the sociality of at least two subjects belonging to said society,
"Someone to laugh and cry with"
"There's someone I can have fun with"
"There is someone who is there for me and watches over me."
"There are people who care about me and say kind words to me," and
"There are people who are kind to me"
A question corresponding to at least two questions selected from the group consisting of:
method . The method of claim 1 , wherein the graded options are five-level options. 3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the five options correspond to: very applicable, fairly applicable, neutral, not very applicable, and not applicable at all, respectively. A method for scoring a degree of resilience in a subject in order to detect the degree of resilience in the subject according to measurement information of the subject's autonomic nervous function , comprising:
A step in which the subject answers the presented questions by selecting at least one answer from the graded options; and
The process of scoring answers
Including ,
The set of questions presented includes at least two questions related to the liver (anger and emotion control) , at least two questions related to the heart (joy and cognitive functions) , at least two questions related to the spleen (tendency to brood and trauma) , at least two questions related to the lungs (sadness and anxiety) , at least two questions related to the kidneys (fear and will) , and at least two questions related to the sociality of the subject related to society.
1. A method comprising:
At least two questions belonging to the main point are:
"I can control my emotions in stressful situations"
"I get annoyed when things don't go the way I want them to."
"I can remain calm even in difficult situations" and
"When something inconvenient happens to me, I suddenly explode with emotion."
questions corresponding to at least two questions selected from the group consisting of:
At least two questions in the mind:
"I can honestly be happy about my success."
"I can forgive others even if I have suffered a disadvantage."
"I can trust people even when they treat me dishonestly," and
"Even when things are tough, I can still enjoy my daily life"
questions corresponding to at least two questions selected from the group consisting of:
At least two questions belonging to the spleen,
"Don't dwell on things that are over,"
"Even if you fail, you can change your mindset."
"When things go wrong, I tend to be pessimistic" and
"Even the smallest things make me feel down"
questions corresponding to at least two questions selected from the group consisting of:
At least two questions belonging to the lungs,
"I'm worried about how I'm being evaluated and what other people think of me."
"I'm bothered by small things that no one else notices,"
"When I'm in an uneasy situation, I feel agitated," and
"I feel alone when I'm facing or dealing with difficult things."
questions corresponding to at least two questions selected from the group consisting of:
At least two questions related to the kidney:
"I can overcome failure and take on new challenges."
"Even when faced with difficult situations, I can look at things in a positive way."
"Even if you fail, you can have another goal," and
"Even if I'm feeling anxious, I can still believe in myself"
questions corresponding to at least two questions selected from the group consisting of:
Questions about the sociality of at least two subjects belonging to the society,
"Someone to laugh and cry with"
"There's someone I can have fun with"
"There is someone who is there for me and watches over me."
"There are people who care about me and say kind words to me," and
"There are people who are kind to me"
A question corresponding to at least two questions selected from the group consisting of:
method . The method of claim 4 , wherein the autonomic function is parasympathetic activity. A method for using the degree of resilience obtained by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 as a marker for detecting susceptibility to mood disorders or postpartum psychiatric disorders.

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