JP7637387B2 - Residential Buildings - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a residential building. More specifically, the present invention relates to a residential building that allows future expansion or renovation in the upward direction to be carried out stably and legally with sufficient strength in the main body of the building, and that is also easy to work with, such as changing the steel frame of the main body of the building, during expansion or renovation, and that can continue to exist and be passed down as a residential building for a long time.

Earthquakes have been a frequent occurrence in Japan for a long time, and the earthquake resistance of buildings is a major concern. In particular, for general residential buildings, wooden buildings using frame construction methods such as 2x4 (two-by-four) are still the norm, due to factors such as construction costs, but in recent years, residential buildings with steel frame structures, which have excellent earthquake resistance, have been reevaluated. On the other hand, there is an issue with steel frame residential buildings, in that they are expensive to build for general housing.

For this reason, when constructing a residential building with a steel frame structure, there is a tendency to build with the minimum floor plan suited to the family composition at the time in order to keep construction costs down. However, in the future, there may be a need to add an extension to add more rooms due to circumstances such as living with elderly parents or children and their spouses.

If there is one drawback to the fact that wooden houses, which are inexpensive to build, have been the norm up until now, it is that wooden residential buildings have a fundamental problem in that they have a short physical lifespan, meaning that homeowners have little desire to continue using their homes for long periods of time, such as 40 or 50 years.

As a result, when residential buildings are first constructed, future expansion or renovation is rarely considered, even for steel-framed residential buildings. When they become old and difficult to use, the trend is to demolish them and build new ones (scrap and build).

However, this would entail high costs for demolishing and disposing of the original residential structure, constructing a new residential structure, and securing temporary housing during construction, and would also necessitate re-designing the structure and submitting building confirmation applications, which would take too long before construction could begin.

In order to carry out the above-mentioned expansion or renovation, a building structure such as that described in Patent Document 1 has been proposed. That is, the residential building described in Patent Document 1 employs a method of expanding an existing residential building by connecting another building unit in an adjacent direction to the existing residential building, as shown in Figure 8 of Patent Document 1.

JP 2012-180716 A

However, this structure presupposes that the land adjacent to the existing residential building is large enough for an extension and that it is available for use. For example, if the garden is small or there is land or a house owned by someone else nearby, it can be extremely difficult to extend the building. Furthermore, even if the surrounding land is acquired, there is the problem that it is very expensive, especially in urban areas.

On the other hand, there are no such issues when expanding a residential building upwards, so it may seem like construction would be easy. However, in typical residential buildings, the structural design does not take into account subsequent expansion or renovation of upward floors, so expansions cannot be carried out easily.

In other words, in the above case, for example, the main structure consisting of the foundation and steel frame structure could not withstand the increased load caused by the extension or renovation, and there was a risk of collapse or crushing not only during an earthquake but also during peacetime.

In particular, in the case of residential buildings with steel frame structures, the weight of the columns and beams that make up the main structure is heavy, and the Building Standards Act stipulates that the main structure must be strong enough to support these. For this reason, it goes without saying that it is illegal to add an extension that would cause the load to exceed the strength that was appropriate for the original structural design, and any residential building that has had an extension added to it will be considered an illegal building.

Furthermore, for example, when renovating an existing residential building, not only by expanding or remodeling the building on upper floors but also by renovating the original home from almost the very beginning, if the steel frame of the main part of the structure is irregular in construction, it is not easy to change it, and careless changes may cause undesirable strain on the structure (distortion, etc.), resulting in a deterioration in the strength of the structure, such as its load-bearing capacity and earthquake resistance.

Furthermore, in recent years, as mentioned above, in the case of ordinary housing, there is a dilemma that owners have little intention of continuing to use the property for decades to begin with, and effective and practical renovations that take into account complete reconstruction, repairs, and conversion to suit changes in use have been proposed as a construction method that is widely recognized as being considerate of building maintenance and management, reducing production costs, and the global environment caused by industrial waste.

The present invention was devised in consideration of the above points, and aims to provide a residential building that allows future expansion or renovation in the upward direction to be carried out stably and legally with sufficient strength in the main structure, and that also has excellent workability for changing the steel frame of the main structure when expanding or renovating, and can continue to exist and be passed down as a residential building for the long term.

The first aspect of the present invention is a residential building consisting of a foundation section formed by connecting the middle parts of two parallel foundation bases with four parallel underground beams, a steel frame structure formed of foundation columns at the connection parts between the foundation bases and the underground beams, each column connected to its upper end, and multiple beams erected between each column, two steel frame structures with rigid frame construction, two residential area formation frames formed symmetrically with a certain distance between them, connecting beams of small beams erected between the columns of the closer sides of the two residential area formation frames, and an extension connection part formed at the upper end of the column of the steel frame structures that constitute the two residential area formation frames.

(1) In order to achieve the above objectives, the residential building of the present invention has a main structure consisting of a foundation and a steel frame structure, and the main structure has two residential structure components that form the framework of the residential area, and are arranged in a roughly symmetrical or roughly identical structure. The structure is constructed with a structural design that assumes expansion or renovation in the upward direction where future loads will increase.

A residential building has a main structure consisting of a foundation and a steel frame structure, and is constructed by attaching exterior walls, slabs, finishes, etc. to the main structure. The steel frame structure that constitutes the main structure also has two residential area formation structures that form the framework of the living area, and these two residential area formation structures have a roughly symmetrical structure or roughly identical structure to each other.

In other words, the two structures that form the living area are symmetrical, which is advantageous for maintaining a good overall balance of weight and strength, whether it is used as the main structure of a residential building consisting of the foundation and steel frame structure, or as a residential building with exterior walls, slabs, finishes, etc. built into the main structure.

The form of symmetry can vary, and it may be a symmetrical structure based on a reference line or point between each living area structure (for example, line symmetry, point symmetry, plane symmetry, etc.), or it may be the same structure.

In addition, because the main structure is symmetrically attached to the structure that forms the living area, even if a renovation requires changes to the steel frame structure of the main structure, the work is often common to many parts of the structures that form the living area, making the work relatively easy and efficient. Therefore, better workability can be achieved compared to work that involves changes to structures that form the living area but are irregularly constructed and not symmetrical.

Furthermore, residential buildings are built with a steel frame structure to begin with, so they have excellent load-bearing and earthquake-resistant strength, and can withstand longer-term use than wooden houses, etc. In addition, the main body of the structure is constructed with a structural design that assumes future expansion or renovation in the upward direction, where the load will increase, so in the original state of the residential building before expansion or renovation, there is more than enough margin for load-bearing and earthquake resistance, making it a residential building with extremely strong structural strength.

And, if an extension or renovation to the upper floors becomes necessary in the future, the main structure can be expanded or renovated as originally envisaged. In other words, the main structure as a whole can support the load that would increase with an extension or renovation to the upper floors, in addition to the load of the original residential building, so there are no problems under the Building Standards Act and it is possible to realize the construction of a legal residential building with the load capacity limited to that envisaged in the original structural design.

For example, a single-story detached house for one family may initially be constructed with a structural design that assumes future expansion or renovation as described above, and 10 years later, as the family grows and there are now two families, the house may be expanded to a total of two stories, and 20 years later, as only an elderly couple remain, the house may be renovated into an apartment where the family would live in one room and rent out the other rooms. In this way, by gradually expanding or renovating as the owner's lifestyle changes, the house can be made to last and be passed down as a residential building for the long term while also increasing its value as real estate.

As another example, a two-story house may be constructed initially for a large family, and 10 years later, when the children build their own homes and move out, leaving only the couple, the house may be converted into an apartment building (or condominium), with the couple living in one room and renting out the other room. Later, the apartment building may be separated and converted into two detached houses, each of which may then be rented out.

(2) The residential building of the present invention can be configured as a rigid-frame structure in which the steel frame of the main part of the structure is made of heavy steel frames.

In this case, the residential building has a rigid frame structure in which the steel frame of the main structure is rigidly joined at each joint of a steel framework made of rectangular frames assembled into multiple rectangular parallelepiped shapes, and because the main structure is made of heavy steel, it has excellent load-bearing and earthquake resistance, making it particularly suitable for the construction of residential buildings that will be two stories or higher after extensions are added.

(3) The residential building of the present invention can be configured such that each of the living space forming structures can be connected and disconnected by attaching and detaching the required number of connecting beams to the living space forming structure.

In this case, the residential building can connect each of the residential area forming structures by attaching connecting beams to each of the residential area forming structures placed in adjacent designated positions. Also, the connection between each of the residential area forming structures can be released by removing the connecting beams from each of the connected residential area forming structures.

In other words, by connecting each of the residential area forming structures by attaching connecting beams, it is possible to construct a single residential building with each residential area forming structure integrated into one. Also, by removing the connecting beams to release the connection between each of the residential area forming structures, it is possible to construct two residential buildings with each residential area forming structure separate. In this way, the combination of each residential area forming structure can be flexibly adapted to the type of residential building that is being enlarged or renovated.

(4) The residential building of the present invention can be configured such that, by connecting each of the residential area forming structures, a common area forming structure including connecting beams that serves as the framework of the common area is formed between each of the residential area forming structures.

In this case, the residential buildings can be placed next to each other by connecting each residential area structure with a connecting beam. Residential areas can be constructed on each of the adjacent residential area structures. In addition, common area structures including connecting beams that form the framework for the common areas are formed between each residential area structure, so common areas such as stairs can be constructed that can be used jointly by people living in the residential areas constructed on each residential area structure.

(5) The residential building of the present invention can be configured such that the connecting beams are H-shaped steel, and the required number of fixing bolts and nuts are passed through the flanges or webs of the connecting beams in the thickness direction and fastened to the beam fixing seats on the living area forming structure, thereby enabling installation and removal.

In this case, the connecting beam is an H-shaped steel, and the required number of fixing bolts and nuts are passed through the flange or web of the connecting beam in the thickness direction and tightened and fixed to the beam fixing seats on the living area forming structure. Therefore, when fixed, the contact surface between the flange or web of the connecting beam and the beam fixing seats is easily adhered and stable, making installation easy and allowing for stronger fixing with high rigidity.

(6) The residential building of the present invention can be configured such that the connecting beams are made of square steel pipes, and the required number of fixing bolts and nuts are passed through the connecting beams in the minimum radial direction and fastened to the beam fixing seats on the living area structure, allowing for easy installation and removal.

In this case, the connecting beam is a square steel pipe, and the required number of fixing bolts and nuts are passed through the connecting beam in the minimum radial direction and tightened and fixed to the beam fixing seats in the living area formation structure. With this structure, when fixing, the bolts are passed through the opposing plates on the fixed side of the connecting beam, i.e. the plate opposite the plate that contacts the beam fixing seat, and the beam fixing seat, and the nuts are tightened to fix it.

Connecting beams fixed in this way have an internal space, so the plate that comes into contact with the beam fixing seat and the plate on the opposite side are slightly bent and deformed by the tightening force of the nut, and have superior toughness against external forces compared to H-shaped steel, which is fixed extremely firmly. This means that compared to H-shaped steel, it has a better balance of displacement when subjected to external forces, and the connecting beam is less likely to suffer brittle fracture or large, irreversible deformation.

(7) The residential building of the present invention can be configured so that the beam fixing base is provided with a guide portion for guiding the connecting beam to be attached to the installation position.

In this case, the beam fixing seat is provided with a guide section for guiding the connecting beam to the installation position, which makes it easy to position the connecting beam when attaching it to the beam fixing seat, and improves workability. Also, when removing the connecting beam from the beam fixing seat, it is still held by the guide section at the time the fixing bolts and nuts are removed, which prevents the worker from accidentally dropping the connecting beam.

(8) The residential building of the present invention can be configured so that a connection part is provided at the top of the main body part for connecting and constructing an extension or remodeling part when expanding or remodeling in the upward direction.

In this case, the connection part is provided on the top of the main structure, and the extension or remodeling part can be connected, so that if the need arises to extend or remodel in the upward direction after the original residential building has been constructed, the extension or remodeling in the upward direction can be carried out as originally envisaged.

In other words, by connecting the column and beam components that make up the extension or remodeled section to the joints of the original residential building, and using this as a starting point to construct the extension or remodeled section, work efficiency is improved and a legal residential building can be constructed in a relatively short period of time with the load capacity limited to that envisaged in the original structural design.

(9) In order to achieve the above object, the method of constructing a residential building of the present invention includes the steps of constructing a non-associated dwelling by placing the main body consisting of the foundation and steel frame structure in two locations with a substantially symmetrical or substantially identical structure to the residential section forming structure that serves as the framework for the residential section, and constructing the non-associated dwelling with a structural design that assumes expansion or renovation in the upward direction where future loads will increase, and, when expansion or renovation in the upward direction of the non-associated dwelling becomes necessary, using the main body as it is as the structure and expanding or renovating it in the upward direction as necessary to construct the apartment building.

According to the method for constructing a residential building of the present invention, the main structure, consisting of the foundation and steel frame structure, is arranged in two locations with a roughly symmetrical or roughly identical structure to the residential structure that forms the framework of the living space, so that the two residential structure structures are symmetrical.

This is advantageous for maintaining each residential structure in a good overall condition with a good balance of weight and strength, whether it is used as the main structure of a residential building consisting of the foundation and steel frame structure, or as a non-apartment building with exterior walls, slabs, finishes, etc. built into the main structure.

In addition, because the main structure is symmetrically attached to the structure that forms the living area, even if a renovation requires changes to the steel frame structure of the main structure, the work is often common to many parts of the structures that form the living area, making the work relatively easy and efficient. Therefore, better workability can be achieved compared to work that involves changing structures that form the living area but are irregularly constructed and not symmetrical.

In addition, by constructing non-apartment buildings such as detached houses with a structural design that assumes expansion or renovation in the upward direction where future loads will increase, the non-apartment buildings in their original state before expansion or renovation have more than enough load-bearing and earthquake-resistant capacity, making them residential buildings with extremely strong structural strength.

And if in the future it becomes necessary to extend or renovate the non-apartment building upwards, for example to make it a two-story building or an apartment, the main structure can be used as is as the structure, and the necessary extensions or renovations can be made upwards to construct an apartment or other collective housing, making it possible to build a collective housing unit with the extensions or renovations that were originally envisaged.

In other words, the main structure can support the load of the original residential building as well as the load that increases with the addition or renovation of upper floors, so there are no problems under the Building Standards Act and it is possible to construct a legal residential building with the load assumed in the original structural design as the upper limit.

For example, a single-story detached house for one family may initially be constructed with a structural design that assumes future expansion or renovation as described above. Ten years later, as the family grows and there are now two families, the house may be expanded to two stories in total. Then, 20 years later, as only an elderly couple remains, the house may be renovated into an apartment, with the family living in one room and renting out the other rooms. In this way, by gradually expanding or renovating as the owner's lifestyle changes, the house can be made to last and be passed down as a residential building for the long term while also increasing its value as real estate.

In addition, because the application for building confirmation for this expansion or renovation will be based on a structural design capable of supporting the expanded building, the building will be legal under the Building Standards Act, at least as of the time of this application. Furthermore, if future legal changes may require steel-framed buildings to be even stronger, the structural design can be made with future strength requirements in mind.

In this invention, a non-apartmental dwelling refers to a dwelling that, in principle, has one dwelling unit where one household resides, such as a detached house. In addition, in this invention, a collective dwelling refers to a dwelling that, in principle, has multiple individual dwelling units where different households reside, within the same building, such as an apartment or condominium.

(10) In order to achieve the above object, the method of constructing a residential building of the present invention includes the steps of constructing an apartment building by arranging the main structure consisting of the foundation and steel frame structure in a substantially symmetrical or substantially identical structure with the residential section forming structure that serves as the framework of the residential section, and building it with a structural design that assumes a specified expansion or renovation, and, when it becomes necessary to expand or renovate the apartment building upwards, using the main structure as it is as the structure, and carrying out the necessary expansion or renovation to construct a non-apartment building.

This construction method has requirements in common with the construction method (9) above, and the above is used to refer to the similar actions resulting from these requirements, and a description of these will be omitted. On the other hand, this construction method, contrary to the construction method (9) above, can be used in a manner that allows an apartment or other collective housing unit to be constructed initially, and then later renovated into a non-collective housing unit such as a detached house.

(11) The method for constructing a residential building of the present invention is configured so that each of the residential area forming structures can be connected and disconnected by attaching and detaching the required number of connecting beams to the residential area forming structures, and when expanding or renovating, the connecting beams can be removed from each residential area forming structure or their attachment positions can be changed.

In this case, the residential building can connect each of the residential area forming structures by attaching connecting beams to each of the residential area forming structures placed in adjacent designated positions. Also, the connection between each of the residential area forming structures can be released by removing the connecting beams from each of the connected residential area forming structures.

In other words, by connecting each of the living space forming structures by attaching the connecting beams, it is possible to construct a single residential building with each of the living space forming structures integrated into one. Also, by removing the connecting beams, it is possible to disconnect each of the living space forming structures and construct two residential buildings with each of the living space forming structures as separate entities.

Furthermore, if the connecting beams get in the way, for example during renovation to make the common areas more spacious, the installation position can be changed to a place where they do not get in the way while maintaining the necessary functions such as strength. In this way, the combination of each living area forming structure using connecting beams can be flexibly adapted to suit the shape of the residential building that is being enlarged or renovated.

(12) The method for constructing a residential building of the present invention can also be configured to, after structural design, use a specified simulation software to perform an earthquake simulation to verify the strength of the main parts of the structure, and if the strength is sufficient, proceed with construction of the residential building.

In this case, before a residential building is constructed, it is possible to verify, for example, the level of earthquake resistance through simulations. In some cases, this makes it possible to redo the structural design to build a stronger residential building, making it possible to construct a residential building that is closer to the client's wishes.

The present invention provides a residential building and a construction method for a residential building that allows future expansion or renovation in the upward direction to be carried out stably and legally with sufficient strength in the main structure, and also has excellent workability for changing the steel frame of the main structure when expanding or renovating, allowing the building to continue and be passed down as a residential building for the long term.

1A shows the structure of the main body of a residential building according to the present invention, and FIG. 1B is an explanatory oblique view of the main body of the residential building, and FIG. 1B is an enlarged view of the connection portion shown in portion P1 of FIG. 1 shows the structure of the main body of the structure, with (a) being a plan view of the foundation, (b) being a front view without the foundation, and (c) being a plan view without the foundation. 1 shows the mounting structure of the small beam, where (a) is a front view and (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A. 1A and 1B show the structure of a residential building according to the present invention, in which FIG. 1A is a perspective view of the residential building, and FIG. 1B is an enlarged view of the concealed portion shown in part P2 of FIG. FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of the obscuring portion shown in FIG. 4 . 1 shows a planned progression of the form of the residential building of the present invention, where (a) is an oblique view showing the first form (single-story type), (b) is an oblique view showing the second form (two-story extension type), and (c) is an oblique view showing the third form (renovated apartment building type). FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing a floor plan of the residential building of FIG. 6( a ). 6(b) shows the structure of the residential building, where (a) is a floor plan of the first floor and (b) is a floor plan of the second floor. FIG. FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing floor plans (common) of each floor of the residential building in FIG. 6(c). 1A and 1B show a first modified example of the mounting structure of the small beam, in which (a) is a front view and (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line B-B. 11A and 11B show a second modified example of the mounting structure of the small beam, in which (a) is a front view and (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC. 11A and 11B show a third modified example of the mounting structure of the small beam, in which (a) is a front view and (b) is a DD cross-sectional view. 11A and 11B show a fourth modified example of the mounting structure of the small beam, where (a) is a front view and (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line E-E. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the flow of a construction method for a residential building according to the present invention.

The embodiment of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Figures 1 to 13. Furthermore, the reference numerals in each figure are given to the extent that they can help understanding of the explanation while reducing the complexity of the figures, and in cases where multiple equivalent parts are given the same reference numeral, only some of them may be given the same reference numeral.

The following describes the residential building, the structure of the main body of the residential building, and the method of constructing the residential building according to the present invention, with reference to Figures 1 to 9. In this embodiment, the building that is initially constructed is a single-story detached residential building A1 (see Figures 6(a) and 7) that is approximately rectangular in plan view, and first, the main body 1 that forms the framework of the building will be described.

<Structure of main body part 1>
Please refer to FIG. 1 to FIG.
The main body 1 shown in Fig. 1 constitutes the main body portion of the residential building A1. The main body 1 is composed of a foundation 10 and a steel frame skeleton 11 constructed on the foundation 10.

The main body 1 is constructed with a structural design that assumes future expansion or renovation in the upward direction, where the load will increase. This structural design will be explained in the housing construction method described below.

(Foundation part 10)
The foundation 10 is made of reinforced concrete on the construction surface and has a rectangular shape in plan view. The foundation 10 has two parallel foundation bases 100, four foundation columns 101 at a predetermined interval on each of the foundation bases 100, and underground beams 102 that are parallel to each other and connect the middle parts of the foundation bases 100 (see Figs. 1 and 2(a)).

In the foundation section 10, each pillar 111 is connected to each foundation pillar 101 via an anchor bolt (not shown). The connection between the foundation section 10 and the pillars 111 may be via an anchor bolt or may be such that the pillars 111 are embedded in the foundation section 10. In this embodiment, all the pillars 111 are connected to the foundation section 10, but this is not limiting and does not exclude, for example, a case in which some of the pillars 111 are not connected to the foundation section 10 (e.g., partition columns, etc.).

(Steel frame 11)
The steel frame 11 is a rigid-frame structure having a plurality of columns 111 made of heavy steel and a plurality of beams 112 also made of heavy steel and erected between the columns 111, and has excellent earthquake resistance and load resistance, making it suitable for future expansion. The heavy steel frame used in this embodiment has a plate thickness of 6 mm or more, and square steel pipes are used for the columns 111 and H-shaped steel is used for the beams 112.

It goes without saying that depending on the strength required for the residential building, it is possible to use only light steel frames, or to use both light steel frames and heavy steel frames. In addition, there are no restrictions on the type of steel material used for the columns 111 and beams 112, and various steel materials can be used, including I-beams, channel steel, solid columns, etc.

For example, if the residential building to be constructed initially is a single-story detached house, the beams 112 may be configured to only support the roof slab 23, but if the building is two or more stories, beams supporting the floor slabs 22 of each floor may be provided below the beams supporting the roof slab 23. In this embodiment, the beams 112 are initially beams supporting the roof slab 23, but if an extension is made to the upper floors in the future, they become beams supporting the floor slab of the second floor.

In addition, although the columns 111 and beams 112 are listed as the minimum constituent members of the steel frame 11, this does not exclude the addition of members such as braces in addition to the columns 111 and beams 112. Furthermore, the term "beam" refers to a cross member installed between each column 111, and is used as a general term including girders, etc.

The steel frame structure 11 is equipped with living space formation structures L1, L2, which are adjacently arranged at a specified interval in the left-right direction. Each living space formation structure L1, L2 is formed of four pillars 111 erected vertically at the corners of a rectangle in plan view, and a total of four beams 112 erected horizontally between the tops of the pillars. Living space such as rooms and bathrooms can be constructed on the living space formation structures L1, L2.

The upper end of each pillar 111 is set to protrude from the beam 112 by a certain height, and this protruding part serves as an extension connection part 113 (see Figure 1). In addition, between the adjacent pillars 111 of the living space forming structures L1 and L2, a small beam 114, which is a connecting beam made of heavy steel, is attached at the same height as the beam 112.

As a result, the residential area formation structures L1 and L2 are connected and integrated, and a somewhat narrow common area formation structure L3 is formed between the residential area formation structures L1 and L2 by the four columns 111 that are closest to each other of the residential area formation structures L1 and L2, two beams 112 erected between the two sets of pillars 111, two small beams 114 connecting the columns 111, and two underground beams 102 of the foundation section 10 (see Figure 1). Common areas such as stairs that can be used jointly by people living in the residential areas constructed on each residential area formation structure can be constructed on the common area formation structure L3.

Furthermore, when later expanding or renovating, if you want to make the common area larger, and the joists 114 get in the way, you can change the installation position to a place where they do not get in the way while maintaining the necessary functions such as strength. In this way, the combination of the joists 114 for the living area forming structures L1, L2 can be flexibly adapted to suit the form of the residential building that is aimed for in the expansion or renovation.

Here, the mounting structure of the small beam 114 will be described with reference to FIG.
An L-angle shaped beam fixing base 116 is fixed at the same height on each of the opposing faces of the columns 111 of the living space forming frameworks L1 and L2. The small beam 114 to be attached is made of H-shaped steel and is formed to have a length approximately equal to the distance between the opposing faces.

The small beams 114 are fixed to each beam fixing seat 116 with a fixing bolt and nut 117 by placing a flange on one side on the upper surface of the horizontal part of each beam fixing seat 116, passing a bolt through a through hole provided in this horizontal part and the flange placed on it, and tightening it with a double nut.

As a result, when fixed, the contact surfaces of the flange of the small beam 114 and the beam fixing seat 116 are easily in close contact and stable, making the installation work of the small beam 114 easy and allowing for more solid fixing with high rigidity.

As described above, the living area forming structures L1 and L2 are connected via the attached beams 114, but since the beams 114 are removable, they can also be removed to disconnect the living area forming structures L1 and L2.

In addition, when the living space forming structures L1 and L2 are connected, the living space forming structures L1 and L2 are symmetrical. In other words, the living space forming structures L1 and L2, which have the same shape and are assembled to have an approximately rectangular parallelepiped external shape, are located in symmetrical positions with the middle part between them as the reference point (see Figures 1 and 2(a)).

The extension connection parts 113 can be used to connect column and beam components (not shown) of the extension part to be extended upwards. The extension connection parts 113 use the upper end portion of each column 111 as is, and the protruding height is, for example, 65 cm from the top surface of the roof slab 23. There are no particular limitations on this protruding height, and it can be adjusted as long as it is a height that is easy to work with.

The steel frame structure 11 of the main structure 1 is provided with an exterior wall 21. The exterior wall 21 is attached via an exterior wall base material (not shown) provided on the outside of the steel frame structure 11. In this embodiment, the exterior wall 21 is a bearing wall, and is particularly excellent in terms of resistance to external forces from the lateral direction.

In this embodiment, the residential building A1 to be constructed is a single-story detached house, so a concrete floor slab 22 is provided on the foundation 10 of the first floor. A roof slab 23 is provided on top of the steel frame structure 11 of the main structure 1. In this embodiment, the roof slab 23 is a flat roof with no slope.

A handrail wall 231 is provided along the outer edge of the upper surface (rooftop) of the roof slab 23. The handrail wall 231 is cut out at the location where the extension connection part 113 is provided (see Figure 4).

At the construction stage shown in Figure 4, the extension connection part 113 is covered by the concealment part 115. The concealment part 115 is formed from a panel material with a weather-resistant coating, and has a shape of a square tube with a top plate covering the upper part. The concealment part 115 covers the extension connection part 113 to conceal it, and the lower flange part (reference number omitted) is fixed to the roof floor surface with an anchor (reference number omitted) to form an integral part.

In this way, the building 2 shown in Figure 4 is constructed. Then, the construction of the single-story residential building A1 is completed by attaching the required interior and exterior finishes to the building 2. Note that the residential building A1 is a house that is not an apartment building, that is, a non-apartment building, as shown in the floor plan of Figure 7.

(Action)
The function of the residential building A1 according to the present invention will be described below. The function and effect of the main body 1 will also be described.

The steel frame structure 11, in combination with the foundation 10, constitutes the main structure 1 of the residential building A1 to be constructed first. As described above, the steel frame structure 11 is a rigid frame structure made of steel, and has excellent earthquake resistance and load-bearing properties. As the main structure 1 has a strength based on the above structural design, it can support not only the residential building A1 to be constructed initially, but also the specified extensions that will be added upwards in the future.

In other words, the main body 1 of residential building A1 was designed with the assumption that future planned extensions would be constructed upwards, and was constructed based on that structural design, so the structure allows for the anticipated extensions to be constructed stably and legally. Furthermore, in the original state of residential building A1 before any extensions or renovations are carried out, the main body 1 has more than enough load-bearing and earthquake resistance, and has extremely strong structural strength.

In addition, when it becomes necessary to extend the residential building A1, the extension connection part 113 can be used as a clue to connect the column and beam components of the extension part, thereby realizing the desired extension that fully utilizes the strength of the main body part 1 calculated in the structural design performed before the construction of the residential building A1. This eliminates the need for re-designing the structure and applying for building confirmation when extending the residential building A1, allowing the extension work to begin promptly and shortening the construction period.

The concealment portion 115 can prevent the extension connection portion 113 from deteriorating due to the outdoor environment, such as wind, rain, and ultraviolet rays, during the period from when the residential building A1 is constructed until the time for extension arrives. The concealment portion 115 can also reduce the possibility of problems occurring, such as gaps occurring between the extension connection portion 113 and the roof slab or the like poured around it due to aging deterioration of the caulking portion, allowing rainwater to seep in and corroding the internal steel frame 11.

The mounting structure of the small beams 114 of the steel frame 11 is not limited to the structure shown in FIG. 3, and various modified examples can be adopted. Modification examples 1 to 4 are described below.

The mounting structure of the small beam 114a according to the first modification will be described with reference to FIG.
An L-angle shaped beam fixing base 116 is fixed at the same height on each of the opposing faces of the columns 111 of the living space forming structures L1 and L2 that are closer to each other. The small beams 114a to be attached are square steel pipes made of heavy steel frame, and are formed to have a length approximately equal to the distance between the opposing faces.

Both ends of the small beam 114a are placed on the upper surface of the horizontal part of each beam fixing seat 116, and bolts are passed through the through holes provided in the plates facing each other in the minimum radial direction of this horizontal part and the small beam 114a, and the bolts are fastened with double nuts to each beam fixing seat 116 with fixing bolts and nuts 117.

The small beam 114a fixed in this way has an internal space, so the plate opposite the plate in contact with the beam fixing seat 116 is slightly deformed by the tightening force of the nut, and has superior toughness against external forces compared to H-shaped steel, which is fixed extremely firmly. As a result, compared to H-shaped steel, it has a better balance of displacement when subjected to external forces, and is less likely to cause brittle fracture of the connecting beam or large, irreversible deformation.

Next, a mounting structure of the small beam 114b according to the second modification will be described with reference to FIG.
On the opposing faces of the columns 111 of the living space forming structures L1 and L2 that are closer to each other, L-angle shaped beam fixing seats 116, 116a are fixed at the same height in two stages at a required interval, with the horizontal parts parallel to each other. The interval between each horizontal part is approximately the same as the interval between the outer faces of the flanges of the small beams 114b, which are H-shaped steel made of heavy steel.

The small beam 114b to be attached is formed to have a length approximately equal to the distance between the opposing faces. The small beam 114b is arranged so that each flange is in contact with the upper and lower faces of the horizontal parts of each beam fixing seat 116, 116a and sandwiched between them. A bolt is passed through each of the through holes in each horizontal part and each flange, and the bolts are fastened with double nuts on the outside to the beam fixing seat 116, 116a by fixing bolts and nuts 117.

As a result, when fixed, the contact surfaces of each flange of the small beam 114b and the beam fixing seats 116, 116a are easily in close contact and stable, making it easy to install the small beam 114b and enabling more solid fixing with high rigidity.

Next, a mounting structure of the small beam 114c according to the third modification will be described with reference to FIG.
An L-angle shaped beam fixing seat 116 is fixed at the same height on each of the opposing faces of the columns 111 of the living space forming frameworks L1, L2. On both sides of each beam fixing seat 116, a guide piece 118 serving as a guide is provided at a right angle.

The small beams 114c to be attached are heavy steel square pipes, and are formed to be approximately the same length as the distance between the opposing faces. Both ends of the small beams 114c are placed on the upper surface of the horizontal part of each beam fixing seat 116 and placed between the guide pieces 118. Bolts are passed through the through holes provided in the plates facing the horizontal part and the small beams 114c in the minimum radial direction, and bolts are also passed through the through holes of each guide piece 118, and each is tightened with a double nut, so that the small beams 114c are fixed to the beam fixing seats 116 with fixing bolts and nuts 117.

The small beam 114c fixed in this way has an internal space, so the plate opposite the plate that contacts the beam fixing seat 116 is slightly deformed by the tightening force of the nut, and has superior toughness against external forces compared to H-shaped steel, which is fixed extremely firmly.

Compared to H-shaped steel, this provides better balance of displacement when subjected to external forces, and is less susceptible to brittle fracture of the connecting beam or large, irreversible deformation. In addition, because the bolts and nuts 117 are also secured in the direction penetrating each guide piece 118, the installation can be made even more secure than in variant 2 shown in FIG. 10.

In addition, the beam fixing seat 116 is provided with a guide piece 118 for guiding the small beam 114c to be attached to the attachment position, which makes it easy to position the connecting beam 114c when attaching it to the beam fixing seat 116, improving workability. Also, when removing the connecting beam 114c from the beam fixing seat 116, it is still held in place by the guide piece 118 when the fixing bolt/nut 117 is removed, which prevents the worker from accidentally dropping the connecting beam 114c.

Further, a mounting structure of the small beam 114d according to the fourth modification will be described with reference to FIG.
Beam fixing seats 116b are fixed at the same height on the opposing faces of the columns 111 of the living space forming structures L1 and L2 that are closer to each other. Each beam fixing seat 116b is a rectangular plate body that is fixed so that its short side is vertical.

The small beams 114d to be attached are heavy-duty I-beams, and are formed to be approximately the same length as the distance between the opposing faces. The small beams 114d are fixed to the beam fixing seats 116b with fixing bolts and nuts 117 by placing the webs against one side of each beam fixing seat 116b, passing bolts through the through holes in the webs and beam fixing seats 116b, and tightening with double nuts.

As a result, when fixed, the contact surfaces of the flange of the small beam 114d and the beam fixing seat 116 are easily in close contact and stable, making the installation work of the small beam 114d easy, and the high rigidity allows for more solid fixing. In addition, since the beam fixing seat 116b is fixed vertically, it has excellent resistance to external forces acting in the vertical direction.

Now, with reference to FIG. 14, a method for constructing a residential building according to the present invention will be described.
(1) Construction of the initial single-story detached residential building A1 (1-1) Structural design (design based on structural calculations in accordance with the structural plan) of the main body 1 of the residential building A1 is carried out (S1), assuming that the load will increase from residential buildings A2 to A3 (described below) due to future planned extensions and renovations to the upper floors of the initial single-story detached residential building A1.

Since residential building A1 is a steel-frame structure, it has excellent strength in terms of load-bearing capacity and earthquake resistance, and can withstand longer-term use than wooden houses, etc. In addition, the main body 1 is constructed with a structural design that assumes expansion or renovation in the upward direction, where future loads will increase, so in the original state of residential building A1 before expansion or renovation, it has more than enough load-bearing capacity and earthquake resistance, making it a residential building with extremely strong structural strength.

The main structure 1 can support the load that would increase with an upper expansion or renovation in the future as originally envisaged. This means that the main structure 1 as a whole can support the load of the original residential building A1, as well as the load that would increase with an upper expansion or renovation, so there are no problems under the Building Standards Act and it is possible to realize the construction of a legal residential building with the load assumed in the original structural design as its upper limit.

(1-2) Based on the structural design, a computer simulation is performed assuming an earthquake. The simulation can be performed by inputting the necessary data into the simulation software on the computer and running the program (S2).

As a simulation software, for example, it is possible to use simulation software in which the conditions of each formula and each coefficient used in the processing of the "Wooden Building Collapse Simulation Program" described in JP 2012-83813 A are optimized to correspond to a steel frame building, i.e., the main body part 1 having a steel frame skeleton 11.

This makes it possible to verify, for example, how much of an earthquake the residential building A1 can withstand before it is constructed, and in some cases makes it possible to redo the structural design to build a stronger residential building, thereby enabling the construction of a residential building that is closer to the client's wishes.

The simulation software is not limited to the above software, and other simulation software can be used as long as it can perform an earthquake simulation of the main structure 1, which has the foundation 10 and the steel frame structure 11, on a computer at the pre-construction stage.

(1-3) If the results of the simulation are not sufficient and do not meet the client's wishes,
The structural design will be redone in line with the customer's wishes and the simulation will be performed again.

(1-4) If the simulation results are favorable and in line with the client's wishes, proceed to construction of residential building A1.

(1-5) Construct the foundation 10 based on the above structural design. The shape of the foundation reinforced concrete consisting of the foundation base 100, foundation columns 101, and underground beams 102 is calculated based on the structural design, and the foundation 10 is constructed so as to be symmetrical (S3). (See Figures 1 and 2(a))

(1-6) Next, a heavy-duty steel frame structure 11 is constructed on the foundation 10 based on the above structural design, and the main structure 1 is constructed together with the foundation 10. The shape of the steel frame structure 11, consisting of columns 111, beams 112, and sub-beams 114, is calculated from the structural design, and the steel frame structure 11 is constructed so as to be symmetrical (S4). (See Figures 1 and 2(b))

In this way, by arranging the main body 1 in two locations with a roughly symmetrical structure (symmetry) with the living space forming bodies L1 and L2, it is advantageous to maintain a good overall balance of weight and strength as the main body 1 consisting of the foundation 10 and steel frame body 11 of the residential building A1, or as a residential building with the exterior walls 21, slabs 22, 23, finishes, etc. built into the main body 1.

In addition, even if renovation requires changes to the steel frame structure 11 of the main structure 1, the work is often common to many parts of the structures L1 and L2 that form the living space, making the work relatively easy and efficient. Therefore, better workability can be achieved compared to work that involves changes to structures that are irregular and not symmetrical.

(1-7) Then, exterior walls 21, floor slabs 22, and roof slabs 23 are installed on the main structure 1 to construct the building 2 shown in Figure 4.

(1-8) Finally, the interior and exterior finishes are installed on the building 2, completing the construction of the single-story detached residential building A1, i.e., a non-apartment building (S5). (See Figures 6(a) and 7)

(2) Construction of the two-story residential building A2 If a person is living in the residential building A1, which is a non-apartment building, and later, for example, their family grows and the family becomes a two-generation household consisting of a parent-and-child couple and a son/son and his/her children, they can extend the building up an upper floor, for example, to construct the two-story residential building A2, which is a non-apartment building.

This extension is included in the future structural plan when the residential building A1 was originally constructed as described above. When carrying out the extension, the extension joints 113 are used as a guide to connect the column and beam components of the extension to construct the reinforced concrete framework (not shown) for the second floor, and exterior walls, floor slabs, and roof slabs are installed on the reinforced concrete framework, and the interior and exterior finishes are then installed, and the extension is completed to construct the residential building A2 (S6). (See Figures 6(b), 8(a), and (b))

As shown in the floor plan of Figure 8, residential building A2 is not an apartment building, that is, it is a two-story residential building that remains a non-apartment building.

This makes it possible to realize the specified extension originally envisaged, making full use of the strength of the main body 1 calculated in the structural design carried out before the construction of residential building A1. In other words, the main body 1 of the original residential building A1 was structurally designed with the assumption that an extension to the upper floors would be constructed in the future, and was constructed based on that structural design. Therefore, residential building A2, which is expanded according to the envisaged structural plan, can be constructed stably, and the strength of the main body, which was changed in line with the design of the original structural plan, is sufficient, making it a legitimate residential building.

(3) Construction of residential building A3 as an apartment building Furthermore, if a person lives in the residential building A2, which is a non-apartment building, and later, for example, a son and his wife are transferred and move out with their children, leaving only the elderly couple, the entire residential building A2 can be renovated to construct residential building A3, which is an apartment or other apartment building.

This floor, like the residential building A2, is included in the future structural plan when the residential building A1 was originally constructed as described above. When renovating, the main parts of the structure that were modified during the expansion of the residential building A2 are utilized, and the reinforced concrete structure is modified if necessary, and exterior walls, floor slabs, and roof slabs are installed on the reinforced concrete structure, and the interior and exterior finishes are built to construct the residential building A3 (S7). (See Figures 6(c) and 9)

As shown in the floor plan of Figure 9, residential building A3 is an apartment building with two units side-by-side on both the first and second floors, each with the same living space.

This makes it possible to realize the specified extension originally envisaged, making full use of the strength of the main body 1 calculated in the structural design carried out before the construction of residential building A1. In other words, the main body 1 of the original residential building A1 was structurally designed with the assumption that an extension to the upper floors would be constructed in the future, and was constructed based on that structural design. Therefore, residential building A3, which is expanded according to the envisaged structural plan, can be constructed stably, and the strength of the main body, which was changed in line with the design at the time of the original structural design, is sufficient, making it a legitimate residential building.

In addition, an elderly couple can live in one room of residential building A3 and rent out the other rooms, receiving rent for their living expenses. In this way, the residential building can be expanded or renovated in stages as the owner's lifestyle changes, increasing its value as real estate while allowing it to continue and be passed down as a residential building for the long term.

The construction method according to the present invention can also be used in the opposite way to the above construction method, where an apartment or other collective housing unit is initially constructed, and then later renovated into a non-collective housing unit such as a detached house. In other words, the owner can initially live in one room of the apartment, rent out the other rooms to earn rental income, and later, when the son and his wife return to their hometown, the collective housing unit can be separated and renovated into two detached houses.

In addition, in the above construction method, the single-storey residential building A1 is converted into the two-storey residential building A2, but this is not limited to this. For example, the single-storey residential building A1 can be converted into a residential building with a second floor only in part rather than the entire building, and then expanded to two floors. The flow of expansion or renovation can be planned appropriately in the structural plan.

The terms and expressions used in this specification and claims are merely explanatory and are not limiting in any way, and there is no intention to exclude terms and expressions equivalent to the features described in this specification and claims or parts thereof. For example, the target buildings are not limited to residential buildings, but can also include other buildings such as warehouses and stores, and various modifications are possible within the scope of the technical concept of this invention.

A1 Residential building 1 Main body 10 Foundation 100 Foundation base 101 Foundation column 102 Underground beam 11 Steel frame body 111 Column 112 Beam 113 Extension connection part 114 Small beam 115 Covering part 116 Beam fixing seat 117 Fixing bolt/nut 118 Guide piece L1, L2 Living area forming body L3 Common area forming body 2 Building 21 Exterior wall 22 Floor slab 23 Roof slab 231 Handrail wall A2 Residential building A3 Residential building

Claims (1)

A foundation part formed by connecting the intermediate parts of the foundation base installed in parallel at two places with four underground beams installed in parallel;
A steel frame structure including foundation columns provided at the connection between the foundation base and the underground beams, each column connected to the upper end of the foundation columns, and a plurality of beams installed between each of the columns;
The two residential buildings are made up of two steel frame structures with rigid frame construction, arranged symmetrically with a certain distance between them.
A connecting beam is installed between each column of the two buildings that are close to each other in the residential area structure,
A residential building consisting of two steel frame structures that form the residential area, and an extension connection formed at the top end of the columns of the steel frame structure.

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