JP7641201B2 - Architecture - Google Patents

Description

One embodiment of the present invention relates to a building. For example, one embodiment of the present invention relates to a building that includes a solar cell array and a secondary battery connected to the solar cell array.

In recent years, geopolymers have been attracting attention as a structural material that can replace concrete. Geopolymers are amorphous condensation polymers formed by the reaction of an alkaline silica solution with alumina-silica powder, and they exhibit excellent properties that differ from those of concrete, which is made from cement. For example, geopolymers are known to function as electrolytes in solid-state batteries (see non-patent literature 1 and 2).

Chaoli, Meng, et al., "Battery in the form of a cement-matrix composite," Cement & Concrete Composite, Elsevier (USA), 2010, Vol. 32, pp. 829-839 M. Safi, et al., "Inherently multifunctional geopolymeric cementitious composite as electrical energy storage and self-sensing structural material," Composite Structures, Elsevier (USA), 2018, Vol. 201, pp. 766-778

One embodiment of the present invention aims to provide a building having a new structure that includes a geopolymer. Alternatively, one embodiment of the present invention aims to provide a building in which a secondary battery that includes a geopolymer as an electrolyte is installed as a mat foundation, and a construction method for the same.

One embodiment of the present invention is a building. The building includes a slab foundation, a perimeter wall on the slab foundation, and a roof on the perimeter wall. The slab foundation has a first positive electrode, a first negative electrode facing the first positive electrode, and a geopolymer in which at least a portion of the first positive electrode and at least a portion of the first negative electrode are embedded.

1 is a schematic perspective view of a building according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a building according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a foundation of a building according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a slab foundation for a building according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic end view of a slab foundation for a building according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic end view of a slab foundation for a building according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a positive electrode and a negative electrode of a building according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic end view of a slab foundation for a building according to one embodiment of the present invention. 1 is a schematic top view of a positive electrode and a negative electrode of a building according to one embodiment of the present invention, and a schematic end view of a slab foundation. FIG. 2 is a schematic end view of a foundation of a building according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a solar cell array of a building according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic end view illustrating a construction method for a building according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic end view illustrating a construction method for a building according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic end view illustrating a construction method for a building according to one embodiment of the present invention. 1A and 1B are schematic top and end views illustrating a construction method for a building according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic end view illustrating a construction method for a building according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Each embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention can be implemented in various forms without departing from the spirit of the invention, and should not be interpreted as being limited to the description of the embodiments exemplified below.

In order to clarify the explanation, the drawings may show the width, thickness, shape, etc. of each part in a schematic manner compared to the actual embodiment, but this is merely an example and does not limit the interpretation of the present invention. In this specification and each figure, elements having the same function as those explained in the previous figures may be given the same reference numerals and duplicate explanations may be omitted.

Hereinafter, the expression "a structure is exposed from another structure" means that a part of a structure is not covered by the other structure, and includes a case where the part not covered by the other structure is covered by yet another structure.

1. Structure of the Building Fig. 1 shows a schematic perspective view of a building 100 according to one embodiment of the present invention. There are no restrictions on the shape, size, or use of the building 100, and the building 100 may be, for example, a detached house as shown in Fig. 1, or an apartment building. Alternatively, the building 100 may be a commercial building or a warehouse. The structure of the building 100 will be described below using a detached house as an example.

The building 100 includes a foundation 110 placed on the ground, a peripheral wall 102 on the foundation 110, and a roof 104 on the peripheral wall 102. The building 100 may further include a solar cell array 140 as a device capable of generating electricity using sunlight. The solar cell array 140 may be installed on the roof 104, but may also be installed on the peripheral wall 102, or may be installed near the building 100, for example, in an area that does not overlap with the foundation 110. The building 100 may further include a connector (also called a connection box) 150 and a power conditioner 152. As described below, the foundation 110 functions as a secondary battery that can be repeatedly charged and discharged.

Figure 2 shows an example of a block diagram of the building 100. In the building 100, the foundation 110 is electrically connected to the commercial power supply system 156 via the distribution board 154. This allows the power supplied from the commercial power supply system 156 to be stored in the foundation 110, so that electricity can be used within the building 100 even if the commercial power supply system 156 stops operating.

On the other hand, when the building 100 is equipped with a solar cell array 140 and a power conditioner 152, the foundation 110 is connected to the solar cell array 140 via the power conditioner 152 connected to the distribution board 154, or via the power conditioner 152 and the connector 150. The current obtained by the solar cell array 140 is input to the power conditioner 152 directly or after being aggregated by the connector 150. The voltage and current of the electricity generated by the solar cell array 140 constantly fluctuates depending on the amount of solar radiation and temperature, but the power conditioner 152 adjusts the combination of voltage and current that maximizes the amount of power generation (maximum output point), and the electricity obtained under the adjusted conditions can be supplied to the foundation 110. The electricity output from the power conditioner 152 is distributed within the building 100 by the distribution board 154. By providing the solar cell array 140 in the building 100, the solar cell array 140 can charge the foundation 110, so electricity can be used within the building 100 even if the commercial power system 156 stops. In addition, because the commercial power system 156 is connected to the distribution board 154, sufficient power can be supplied to the foundation 110 even if the amount of power generated by the solar cell array 140 is insufficient. Furthermore, when there is an excess of power in the building 100, the excess power can be provided to the commercial power system 156.

1-1. Foundation section A schematic perspective view of the foundation section 110 is shown in FIG. 3. The foundation section 110 mainly comprises a slab foundation 112 and a rising section 114 rising vertically from the slab foundation 112. The slab foundation 112 is a structural member provided on the ground on which the building 100 is provided, and overlaps the entire or almost entire building 100. The slab foundation 112 has a flat upper surface parallel to the horizontal plane, and improves the earthquake resistance of the building 100 by distributing and supporting the entire load of the building 100 on one surface. The rising section 114 is a structural member provided on the slab foundation 112 and extending vertically from the slab foundation 112. A part of the rising section 114 is located on the outer periphery of the slab foundation 112, and is located between the slab foundation 112 and the peripheral wall 102. The remaining portion of the rising portion 114 is provided to correspond to, for example, a portion within the building 100 where a pillar or a partition wall will be installed.

(1) Mat Foundation Schematic top views of the mat foundation 112 are shown in Figures 4(A) and 4(B), and schematic side views along the dashed line A-A' in Figure 4(B) are shown in Figures 5(A) to 6(B), 8(A), and 8(B). In Figure 4(A), a part of the geopolymer 122 described later is omitted, and in Figure 4(B), a part of the geopolymer 122 and a part of the reinforcing bar 120 (described later) are omitted.

As described above, the slab foundation 112 is a structural member (foundation) that serves as the foundation of the building 100. There are no restrictions on the planar shape or size of the foundation 110, and it is designed appropriately according to the planar shape of the building 100 (i.e., the shape projected onto the ground). The thickness of the slab foundation 112 may be set appropriately according to the load of the building 100 and the strength of the ground, and may be selected from the range of, for example, 5 cm to 1 m, 10 cm to 50 cm, or 10 cm to 30 cm.

As shown in FIG. 4(A) to FIG. 5(A), the slab foundation 112 includes at least a pair of electrodes (positive electrode 116 and negative electrode 118) facing each other and a geopolymer 122, and at least a part of the positive electrode 116 and at least a part of the negative electrode 118 are embedded in the geopolymer. The positive electrode 116 and the negative electrode 118 can be arranged so that their respective principal surfaces are parallel or nearly parallel to the horizontal direction, and a part of the geopolymer 122 in which the positive electrode 116 and the negative electrode 118 are embedded is sandwiched between the positive electrode 116 and the negative electrode 118. The geopolymer 122 sandwiched between the positive electrode 116 and the negative electrode 118 functions as an electrolyte, and as a result, the slab foundation 112 can function as a chargeable and dischargeable secondary battery. The positive electrode 116 and the negative electrode 118 each have a terminal 116a and 118a, at least a portion of which is exposed from the geopolymer 122, and the terminals 116a and 118a are connected to the power conditioner 152 via wiring (not shown) (see FIG. 1 and FIG. 4(B)). In this way, the positive electrode 116 and the negative electrode 118 are electrically connected to the power conditioner 152. Here, the main surface of the positive electrode 116 refers to the surface having the largest area among the flat surfaces of the positive electrode 116. The same applies to the negative electrode 118.

The positive electrode 116 and the negative electrode 118 are electrodes containing metals such as copper, nickel, aluminum, zinc, palladium, silver, chromium, and manganese. The metal materials contained in the positive electrode 116 and the negative electrode 118 are different from each other. The positive electrode 116 and the negative electrode 118 may be configured so that the positive electrode 116 contains a metal with a smaller ionization tendency. The distance between the positive electrode 116 and the negative electrode 118 may be set arbitrarily, and may be selected from the range of, for example, 0.1 mm to 80 cm, 1 mm to 50 cm, 1 mm to 10 cm, or 1 cm to 5 cm, taking into consideration the power required for the load connected to the positive electrode 116 and the negative electrode 118 and the thickness of the slab 112.

There is no restriction on the number of positive electrodes 116 and negative electrodes 118. For example, as shown in FIG. 4(A) and FIG. 4(B), the slab base 112 can have multiple pairs of positive electrodes 116 and negative electrodes 118. In this case, the positive electrode 116 (first positive electrode) and negative electrode 118 (first negative electrode) of one pair may overlap the positive electrode 116 (second positive electrode) and negative electrode 118 (second negative electrode) of another pair, and although not shown, the positive electrode 116 and negative electrode 118 of one pair may not overlap the positive electrode 116 and negative electrode 118 of another pair. In the latter case, the positive electrode 116 and negative electrode 118 of one pair are exposed from the positive electrode 116 and negative electrode 118 of the other pair.

Geopolymer 122 is a structural material having a different composition from concrete, and is an amorphous polycondensate formed by the reaction of an alkali silica solution with an alumina-silica powder. Therefore, geopolymer 122 includes at least one of fine particles containing silicon oxide, fine particles containing aluminum oxide, and fine particles containing silicon oxide and aluminum oxide. Geopolymer 122 may further include fine particles containing an oxide of an alkali metal, a group 2 metal, or a transition metal, such as iron oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, sodium oxide, or potassium oxide. Geopolymer 122 may also have silicon-oxygen-aluminum (Si-O-Al) bonds, silicon-oxygen-silicon (Si-O-Si) bonds, silicon-oxygen-metal-oxygen-silicon (Si-O-M-O-Si) bonds, and silicon-oxygen-metal-oxygen-aluminum (Si-O-M-O-Al) bonds. The fine particles described above are fixed by the amorphous inorganic material formed by the above bonds. Here, M is a metal selected from alkali metals such as lithium, sodium, potassium, and cesium, Group 2 metals such as magnesium and calcium, and transition metals such as cobalt, copper, and iron.

Geopolymer 122 may further include, as an additive, a material that exists as a metal ion in geopolymer 122 or that ionizes to give a cation. Examples of metal ions include ions of alkali metals or group 2 elements. The material that gives the cation may be selected, for example, from transition metals. Examples of transition metals include scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, and zinc. Preferred transition metals are, for example, iron, cobalt, and copper, and so-called copper slag and steel slag may also be used.

The material that gives the cation may be a carbon material. The carbon material may be conductive. Here, the carbon material is a material substantially composed of sp ² carbon atoms, and examples thereof include carbon nanotubes, graphene, and fullerene. The carbon nanotube may be a single-walled carbon nanotube or a multi-walled carbon nanotube. There is no limitation on the diameter or length of the carbon nanotube. In addition, one or both ends of the carbon nanotube may be capped, or one or both ends may have a structure in which they are open. Alternatively, the carbon nanotube may be a carbon nanotube that contains other molecules or ions, such as peapots, and the surface may be molecular-modified. When graphene is used as the carbon material, it may be an independent single-layer graphene, or it may be oligographene in which multiple graphenes are stacked, or graphite. In addition, graphene oxide in which a part of the basic skeleton is oxidized may be used. When fullerene is used as the carbon material, not only C ₆₀ and C ₇₀ but also C ₇₄ , C ₇₆ , C ₇₈ , etc. may be used. Further, fullerenes containing metal ions such as scandium, lanthanum, and cerium may be used, or fullerenes in which some of the carbon has been modified and which have functional groups such as ester groups may be used.

Alternatively, cellulose or cellulose nanotubes can be used as insulating carbon-containing materials.

By adding the above-mentioned additives to the geopolymer 122, the battery characteristics are significantly improved, and the slab foundation 112 functions as an all-solid-state secondary battery with excellent charge/discharge characteristics. In addition, since the slab foundation 112 has a high strength comparable to that of concrete, it effectively functions as a foundation for supporting the load of the building 100. Therefore, there is no need to separately install batteries with a storage function in the building 100, and the interior of the building 100 and the site on which the building 100 is installed can be effectively utilized.

The slab foundation 112 may further include reinforcing bars 120 to maintain and increase its strength. The number, type, and arrangement of the reinforcing bars 120 can be determined as desired. For example, as shown in Figures 4(A) and 5(A), the foundation can be composed of multiple main bars 120a extending parallel to each other, and multiple hanging members 120b extending parallel to each other and intersecting with the main bars 120a.

There are no restrictions on the vertical relationship between the positive electrode 116 and the negative electrode 118, and the positive electrode 116 may be placed lower than the negative electrode (i.e., closer to the ground) as shown in Figures 4(A) to 5(A), or vice versa (Figure 5(B)). There are no restrictions on the vertical relationship between the positive electrode 116, the negative electrode 118, and the reinforcing bar 120, and both the negative electrode 118 and the positive electrode 116 may be placed lower than the reinforcing bar 120, or both the negative electrode 118 and the positive electrode 116 may be placed higher than the reinforcing bar 120 (i.e., closer to the solar cell array 140) as shown in Figure 5(C). Furthermore, the reinforcing bar 120 may be placed so that it is sandwiched between the positive electrode 116 and the negative electrode 118 (Figure 5(D)).

Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 6(A), the positive electrode 116 and the negative electrode 118 may be embedded in the geopolymer 122, and the reinforcing bar 120 placed on top of them may be embedded in concrete 138. Here, concrete refers to a material in which the hydrate formed by the reaction of cement, one of the raw materials, with water has hardened and does not show fluidity. Therefore, the concrete 138 and the geopolymer 122 have different compositions, for example, the calcium hydroxide composition of the former is higher than that of the latter. Since the ionic conductivity of the concrete 138 is lower than that of the geopolymer 122, forming the concrete 138 on the geopolymer 122 can reliably prevent leakage of electricity from the slab foundation 112.

There are no restrictions on the shape of the positive electrode 116 and the negative electrode 118, and they may be flat plates extending in a substantially two-dimensional manner as shown in FIG. 4(A) and FIG. 4(B), or may be rod-like or wire-like, although not shown. In the case of a plate shape, at least one of the positive electrode 116 and the negative electrode 118 may have a mesh-like form (FIG. 7(A) and FIG. 7(B)).

Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 6(B), the positive electrode 116 and the negative electrode 118 may have a pleated shape. That is, the shape of the end faces perpendicular to the top surface of the slab 112 of each of the positive electrode 116 and the negative electrode 118 may be zigzag or wavy. By adopting such a shape and arrangement, the contact area per unit area between the positive electrode 116 and the negative electrode 118 and the geopolymer 122 can be increased, thereby increasing the energy density of the slab 112.

8(A), the slab foundation 112 may include a spacer 124 for preventing contact between the positive electrode 116 and the negative electrode 118, or a spacer 126 for preventing contact between the positive electrode 116 or the negative electrode 118 and the reinforcing bar 120. The spacers 124 and 126 may include an insulating material such as resin or wood, or may include concrete or a geopolymer. By providing the spacers 124 and 126, it is possible to prevent a short circuit caused by contact between the positive electrode 116 and the negative electrode 118 or between the positive electrode 116 or the negative electrode 118 and the reinforcing bar 120. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 8(B), the slab foundation 112 may include an insulating pillar 128 for supporting the positive electrode 116 or the negative electrode 118, or an insulating pillar 130 for supporting the reinforcing bar 120. By providing the pillar 128, it is possible to prevent the positive electrode 116 and the negative electrode 118 from deforming when the geopolymer 122 is poured. On the other hand, the pillars 130 can reliably separate the rebar 120 from the positive electrode 116 or the negative electrode 118, thereby preventing a short circuit between the positive electrode 116 or the negative electrode 118 and the rebar 120. The pillars 128, 130 can also be configured to include wood, resin, concrete, or geopolymer.

The arrangement of the positive electrode 116 and the negative electrode 118 may be determined arbitrarily. For example, the main surfaces of the positive electrode 116 and the negative electrode 118 may be inclined from the upper surface of the base 112. The angle between each of the main surfaces of the positive electrode 116 and the negative electrode 118 and the upper surface of the base 112 may be 90°, or may be 80° or more and less than 90°. For example, as shown in FIG. 9(A) and the schematic diagram of the end surface along the dashed line B-B' (FIG. 9(B)), the planar shape of the positive electrode 116 and the negative electrode 118 (shape in a plane parallel to the upper surface of the base 112) may be comb-shaped. When the comb-shaped positive electrode 116 and the negative electrode 118 are arranged, a part of the positive electrode 116 is sandwiched between a part of the negative electrode 118, and a part of the negative electrode 118 is also sandwiched between a part of the positive electrode 116. Although not shown, the positive electrode 116 and the negative electrode 118 may have a folded structure or a spiral shape within the geopolymer 122. By adopting such an arrangement, the volume of the positive electrode 116 and the negative electrode 118 per unit volume of the slab 112 is increased, so that the energy density of the slab 112 can be further increased.

(2) Rising portion The rising portion 114 may be made of concrete or reinforced concrete. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 10, the rising portion 114 may also include a positive electrode 132, a negative electrode 134 facing the positive electrode 132, and a geopolymer 123 in which at least a portion of the positive electrode 132 and the negative electrode 134 are embedded. The positive electrode 132 and the negative electrode 134 overlap each other in the horizontal direction. By adopting such a configuration, the rising portion 114 can also be given the function of a secondary battery, so that the battery capacity of the building 100 can be further increased.

Although not shown, at least a part of the positive electrode 132 and at least a part of the negative electrode 134 are exposed from the geopolymer 123 to form terminals, as in the slab foundation 112, and the terminals are used for electrical connection to the power conditioner 152. Multiple pairs of positive electrodes 132 and negative electrodes 134 may also be provided in the rising portion 114. When multiple pairs of positive electrodes 132 and negative electrodes 134 are provided, a pair of positive electrodes 132 and negative electrodes 134 may or may not overlap with other pairs of positive electrodes 132 and negative electrodes 134 in the horizontal direction. In addition, the positional relationship between the positive electrodes 132 and negative electrodes 134 in the horizontal direction is also arbitrary, and the positive electrodes 132 may be located inside or outside the building 100 with respect to the negative electrodes 134. Furthermore, an insulating spacer 124 for preventing short circuits may be placed between the positive electrodes 132 and negative electrodes 134.

The rising portion 114 may also be provided with reinforcing bars 121 that overlap the positive electrode 132 and the negative electrode 134 in the horizontal direction (FIG. 10). The reinforcing bars 121 may be selectively provided in the rising portion 114, or a part of the reinforcing bars 121 may be disposed in the rising portion 114 and another part may be disposed in the slab foundation 112. The reinforcing bars 121 disposed in the slab foundation 112 may be fixed to the reinforcing bars 120. By providing the reinforcing bars 121 from the slab foundation 112 to the rising portion 114, the rising portion 114 can be firmly fixed to the slab foundation 112. Although not shown, an insulating spacer may be provided between the positive electrode 132 or the negative electrode 134 and the reinforcing bars 121. The insulating spacer may be configured to include, for example, resin, wood, concrete, or geopolymer.

1-2. Solar Cell Array The solar cell array 140 includes a frame 142 and a plurality of solar cell modules 144 fixed to the frame 142 (FIG. 11). Each solar cell module 144 has a cover glass and a back film (not shown), and a plurality of solar cell cells 146 are arranged between them. As the solar cell, a monocrystalline silicon solar cell, a polycrystalline silicon solar cell, an amorphous silicon solar cell, a solar cell including a compound semiconductor, or the like can be used. Each solar cell generates electricity by absorbing sunlight and outputs a direct current, which is supplied to the base section 110 via the power conditioner 152 and stored.

1-3. Power Conditioner The power conditioner 152 is a device for adjusting the maximum output point of the solar cell array 140. The power conditioner 152 may further include a function for converting AC current into DC current and vice versa, and a function for selecting and switching between power from the commercial power supply system 156, power from the solar cell array 140, and power from the foundation 110 as a power source to be supplied to a load connected to the distribution board 154. The power conditioner 152 may be installed inside the building 100 (see FIG. 1), or may be installed outside the building 100.

The connector 150 is an optional component, and is a device for aggregating the DC current supplied from the solar cell array 140 and supplying it to the power conditioner 152. The connector 150 can be provided, for example, on a peripheral wall 150 of the building 100, but may also be provided inside the building 100.

2. Building Construction Method An example of a construction method for the building 100 will be described with reference to Figs. 12(A) to 16(B).

First, the ground 160 on which the building 100 is to be installed is scraped to form a space 162 for placing the foundation 110, and crushed stone 164 is laid in the space 162 (FIG. 12(A)). If necessary, the crushed stone 164 and the ground 160 are compacted using a rolling machine or the like. Although not shown, dummy concrete may be poured on top of the crushed stone 164 or in place of the crushed stone 164. After this, geopolymer 122 is poured in the area of the mat foundation 112 that is to function as a secondary battery (FIG. 12(B)). When pouring the geopolymer 122, a formwork 166 made of resin, wood, or metal may be placed. The formwork 166 is placed so as to surround the area that is to function as a secondary battery, and is therefore placed inside the area where the mat foundation 112 is to be formed.

The geopolymer 122 can be cast as follows. First, the raw materials, an alkaline solution and a filler, are mixed to prepare a fluid mixture (hereinafter, precursor) 122a. When an additive is used, the additive is further added to prepare the precursor. The temperature during mixing may be, for example, room temperature (20°C to 25°C), but there is no restriction. For example, the temperature during mixing may be selected from the range of -20°C to 40°C, 0°C to 35°C, or 15°C to 30°C. When mixing, water may be added appropriately, taking into account the strength required for the geopolymer 122.

Examples of the alkaline solution include an alkaline silicate solution and an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide. An example of the alkaline silicate solution is so-called water glass. Therefore, the alkaline silicate solution is specifically an aqueous solution of an alkali metal silicate such as sodium or potassium. Examples of the alkali metal hydroxide include lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide. The concentration of the aqueous solution of the alkali metal hydroxide may be selected from the range of, for example, 5% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less, or 10% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less.

Any material containing aluminum oxide and silicon oxide can be used as the filler. Typical examples include fly ash, slag also called iron and steel slag, sewage sludge, silica fume, rice husk ash, general incineration ash, metakaolin, clay, etc. Fly ash, also called coal ash, is the residue left over from burning coal at a coal-fired power plant. Slag is the residue left over from melting silicon oxide or aluminum oxide contained in ore and ash in coke when refining metals from ore such as iron ore. Silica fume is dust obtained when collecting dust generated during the manufacture of metal silicon, electrofused zirconia, etc., and contains high-purity silicon oxide. General incineration ash is the residue left over from burning garbage in a garbage incinerator. Metakaolin is a material obtained by heating kaolinite, a clay mineral, at around 700°C to make it amorphous.

The composition of the alkaline solution and filler may be appropriately determined, but the amount of the alkaline solution may be 20% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less, or 30% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less, based on the total amount of the alkaline solution and the filler. On the other hand, the amount of the filler may be 50% by mass or more and 80% by mass or less, or 50% by mass or more and 70% by mass or less, based on the total amount of the precursor. When an additive is used, the amount of the additive may be, for example, 0.001% by weight or more and 10% by weight or less, 0.01% by weight or more and 10% by mass or less, or 0.1% by weight or more and 10% by mass or less.

When forming the precursor 122a, aggregates (fine aggregate, coarse aggregate) such as sand, gravel, crushed stone, etc., used in mortar and concrete may be added separately.

The obtained precursor 122a is poured into the space 162 (into the formwork 166 if a formwork 166 is provided) in a state of exhibiting fluidity (FIG. 12(B)). Subsequently, the positive electrode 116 (or the negative electrode 118) is placed after or before the precursor 122a has hardened (FIG. 12(C)), and the precursor 122a is further poured (FIG. 13(A)). Then, the negative electrode 118 (or the positive electrode 116) is placed after or before the precursor 122a has hardened (FIG. 13(B)). At this time, in order to prevent contact between the positive electrode 116 and the negative electrode 118, a spacer 124 may be placed between the positive electrode 116 and the negative electrode 118 (see FIG. 8(A)). If the spacer 126 contains a geopolymer, a geopolymer can be separately produced by pouring and hardening the precursor 122a into a formwork having the shape of the spacer 124, and then this can be placed on the positive electrode 116 (or negative electrode 118) as the spacer 124.

After this, the formwork 166 is removed, a formwork 168 is installed to determine the shape of the slab 112, and the reinforcing bars 120 are placed (Fig. 13(D)). The formwork 168 may also include resin, wood, or metal. At this time, the reinforcing bars 121 may also be placed in the rising portion 114. For example, as shown in Fig. 14(A), the reinforcing bars 120 and 121 may be placed so that the reinforcing bars 121 fixed to the main bars 120a or the hanging members 120b are provided from the slab 112 to the rising portion 114. After this, the precursor 122a is cast and hardened in the formwork 168, and the slab 112 can be constructed (Figs. 5(A), 14(B)).

After the mat foundation 112 is constructed, a formwork 170 is formed to determine the shape of the rising portion 114 (FIG. 14(D)). When the rising portion 114 is also to function as a secondary battery, the positive electrode 132 and the negative electrode 134 are arranged so as to face each other in the formwork 170 or between the formwork 168 and the formwork 170. At this time, a pillar 128 for fixing the positive electrode 132 and the negative electrode 134 may be arranged under the positive electrode 132 and the negative electrode 134. Although not shown, a spacer 124 may be provided to reliably separate the positive electrode 132 and the negative electrode 134 (see FIG. 10). After this, the rising portion 114 containing the geopolymer 123 can be formed by pouring and hardening the precursor 122a in the formwork 170 or between the formwork 168 and the formwork 170. If the rising portion 114 is not to function as a secondary battery, the positive electrode 132 and the negative electrode 134 are not installed, and the precursor 122a or concrete is poured into the formwork 170 or between the formwork 168 and the formwork 170.

Here, in order to expose the terminals 116a, 118a of the positive electrode 116 and the negative electrode 118 from the geopolymer 122, as shown in FIG. 15(A) and the schematic diagram of the end surface along the dashed line C-C' in FIG. 15(A) (FIG. 15(B)), a mask material 136 may be placed on the terminals 116a, 118a before the precursor 122a is cast or before the precursor 122a hardens. The mask material 136 may be formed of metal such as iron, aluminum, or stainless steel, or wood or reinforced plastic. By removing the mask material 136 after the precursor 122a hardens, at least a part of the terminals 116a, 118a can be exposed from the geopolymer 122. The positive electrode 116 and the negative electrode 118 are electrically connected to the power conditioner 152 using these exposed parts. In addition, in order to make it easier to remove the mask material 136, a release agent (mold release agent) or a hardening retarder may be applied in advance to the surface of the mask material 136.

When the foundation 110 is formed so that the main surfaces of the positive electrode 116 and the negative electrode 118 are inclined from the upper surface of the foundation 110, the positive electrode 116, the negative electrode 118, and the reinforcing bar 120 are placed in advance in the space 162 as shown in FIG. 16(A). At this time, the positive electrode 116, the negative electrode 118, and the reinforcing bar 120 may be placed on insulating pillars 128, 130 to prevent contact with each other and to stably place the positive electrode 116, the negative electrode 118, and the reinforcing bar 120 in the space 162. The precursor 122a is then poured into the space 162 and hardened to obtain the mat foundation 112.

The subsequent steps can be used to construct the building 100 by appropriately applying known methods and materials, so detailed explanations will be omitted. Briefly, the peripheral wall 102 is fabricated on the rising portion 114, and partition walls and columns are provided as appropriate according to the structure of the building 100. The roof 104 is attached to the peripheral wall 102, and the solar cell array 140 is installed on the roof 104 and/or the peripheral wall 102. The power conditioner 152 and connector 150 are appropriately positioned, and the building 100 can be constructed by connecting the positive electrode 116 and negative electrode 118 of the slab 112, the positive electrode 132 and negative electrode 134 of the rising portion 114, the solar cell array 140, and the connector 150 to the power conditioner 152.

As described above, in this construction method, fly ash, slag also known as iron and steel slag, sewage sludge, silica fume, rice husk ash, general incineration ash, metakaolin, clay, etc. can be used as fillers. Since these fillers are types of so-called industrial waste, the construction method of the building 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention can also be positioned as a tool for making effective use of industrial waste.

Furthermore, this method does not require the installation of a separate secondary battery for storing electricity, and the foundation 110 of the building 100 functions as a secondary battery. Since the foundation 110 is charged by solar power generation during the day, electricity can be used within the building 100 even in situations where power is not supplied from the commercial power supply system 156.

The above-described embodiments of the present invention may be combined as appropriate to the extent that they are not mutually inconsistent. Any embodiment in which a person skilled in the art appropriately adds or deletes components or modifies the design is also included within the scope of the present invention as long as it contains the gist of the present invention.

Even if there are other effects and advantages different from those provided by the above-mentioned embodiments, those that are clear from the description in this specification or that can be easily predicted by a person skilled in the art are naturally understood to be provided by the present invention.

100: Building, 102: Periphery wall, 104: Roof, 110: Foundation, 112: Mat foundation, 114: Rising portion, 116: Positive electrode, 116a: Terminal, 118: Negative electrode, 118a: Terminal, 120: Reinforcing bar, 120a: Main bar, 120b: Hanging material, 121: Reinforcing bar, 122: Geopolymer, 122a: Precursor, 123: Geopolymer, 124: Spacer, 126: Spacer, 128: Pillar , 130: pillar, 132: positive electrode, 134: negative electrode, 136: masking material, 138: concrete, 140: solar cell array, 142: frame, 144: solar cell module, 146: solar cell, 150: connector, 152: power conditioner, 154: distribution board, 156: commercial power system, 160: ground, 164: crushed stone, 166: formwork, 168: formwork, 170: formwork

Claims (11)

A slab having a first positive electrode, a first negative electrode opposite the first positive electrode, and a geopolymer embedding at least a portion of the first positive electrode and at least a portion of the first negative electrode;
A building comprising a perimeter wall on said slab foundation, and a roof on said perimeter wall. The building of claim 1, further comprising a solar cell array electrically connected to the first positive electrode and the first negative electrode. The building of claim 2, wherein the solar array is located on the roof. The building of claim 1, wherein the first positive electrode and the first negative electrode overlap each other in the horizontal direction. The base further includes a second positive electrode and a second negative electrode facing the second positive electrode,
10. The building of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the second positive electrode and at least a portion of the second negative electrode are embedded in the geopolymer. In the vertical direction,
the first positive electrode and the first negative electrode overlap each other;
The building of claim 5 , wherein the second positive electrode and the second negative electrode overlap each other, and the second positive electrode and the second negative electrode are exposed from the first positive electrode and the first negative electrode. It is also equipped with a power conditioner.
The building according to claim 2 , wherein the solar cell array is electrically connected to the first positive electrode and the first negative electrode via the power conditioner. A connector is further provided,
The building according to claim 7 , wherein the solar cell array is electrically connected to the power conditioner via the connector. A rising portion is further provided between the slab foundation and the peripheral wall,
The rising portion is
A third positive electrode;
a third negative electrode facing the third positive electrode; and a geopolymer embedding at least a portion of the third positive electrode and at least a portion of the third negative electrode;
The building according to claim 2 , wherein the third positive electrode and the third negative electrode are both electrically connected to the solar cell array. The building of claim 1, wherein the slab foundation further includes a plurality of reinforcing bars above or below the first positive electrode and the first negative electrode. The building according to claim 9 , wherein the rising portion further includes a plurality of reinforcing bars that overlap the third positive electrode and the third negative electrode in the horizontal direction.