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JP7641479B2 - Oil and fat composition - Google Patents
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JP7641479B2 - Oil and fat composition - Google Patents

Oil and fat composition Download PDF

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JP7641479B2
JP7641479B2 JP2020200561A JP2020200561A JP7641479B2 JP 7641479 B2 JP7641479 B2 JP 7641479B2 JP 2020200561 A JP2020200561 A JP 2020200561A JP 2020200561 A JP2020200561 A JP 2020200561A JP 7641479 B2 JP7641479 B2 JP 7641479B2
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秀一 宇野
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本発明は、植物原料含有代替肉加工食品にジューシー感を付与する油中水型乳化物の製造に使用する油脂組成物に関するものである。 The present invention relates to an oil and fat composition used to produce a water-in-oil emulsion that imparts a juicy texture to processed meat substitutes containing plant ingredients.

国連の世界人口推計によれば地球上の人口は2019年の約77億人から、2050年には約97億人に増加する見通しである。また、FAO(国際連合食料農業機関)の報告書によると、2050年の食糧需要量は2012年対比で約50%増加すると推計されている。このような急激な食糧需要量の増加や、新興国を中心とした所得の増加に伴い、食肉の需要量も著しく増加することが見込まれている。近い将来の蛋白質の急激な需要増加に対し、現在の畜産による食肉供給の延長では将来的に十分な蛋白質を供給できないとの予測がされており、いわゆるプロテインクライシスが世界的な問題となっている。それにより日本においても、植物由来蛋白を主要原料とし、ハンバーグやミートボールあるいはソーセージ様の形状をした、植物原料含有代替肉加工食品の開発が盛んにおこなわれている。植物原料含有代替肉加工食品の原料には、加水した脱脂大豆やエンドウ豆をエクストルーダーなどで組織化させることにより、本物の肉に類似した粒状や繊維状の蛋白がある。粒状や繊維状の蛋白に水を十分に吸水させ、これらを結着させるための粉状大豆蛋白や、卵白と調味料、油脂などを混合して加熱することで植物原料含有代替肉加工食品は製造される。しかし、本来、本物の食肉を加工した食肉加工品は、咀嚼した時に旨味を含む水分や、油脂などの液体部が肉から染み出すことで、ジューシー感を得られるものであるが、植物原料含有代替肉加工食品は、このジューシー感を得ることが困難である。 According to the United Nations' world population estimate, the world's population is expected to increase from about 7.7 billion in 2019 to about 9.7 billion in 2050. In addition, according to a report by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), it is estimated that food demand in 2050 will increase by about 50% compared to 2012. With this sudden increase in food demand and the increase in income, mainly in emerging countries, the demand for meat is expected to increase significantly. It is predicted that the current meat supply from livestock farming will not be able to supply enough protein in the future to meet the sudden increase in protein demand in the near future, and the so-called protein crisis has become a global problem. As a result, in Japan, there has been active development of plant-based alternative meat processed foods, which are made mainly from plant-derived protein and have a shape similar to hamburgers, meatballs, or sausages. The raw materials for plant-based alternative meat processed foods include granular and fibrous proteins similar to real meat, which are produced by organizing hydrated defatted soybeans and peas using an extruder or other device. Processed meat substitutes containing plant ingredients are produced by allowing granular or fibrous proteins to absorb sufficient water, mixing them with powdered soy protein to bind them together, egg whites, seasonings, fats and oils, etc., and then heating them. However, processed meat products made from real meat are supposed to have a juicy texture when chewed, as the moisture containing umami and liquid parts such as fats and oils seep out of the meat, but it is difficult to achieve this juicy texture with processed meat substitutes containing plant ingredients.

植物原料含有代替肉加工食品で良く用いられる粒状大豆蛋白は加熱しても焼き縮みがほとんどないため、加熱による水分や油分のドリップは本物の食肉を使用した食肉加工品に比べると格段に少ない。それにも関わらず、植物原料含有代替肉加工食品にジューシー感が得られない原因として、結着材に用いられる粉状大豆蛋白や卵白の乳化性とゲル化性とにあると考えられる。ジューシー感付与を目的として油脂を添加しても、ほとんどが混練時に粉状大豆蛋白や卵白と水中油型に乳化して、加熱時にゲル化してしまうため、冷凍解凍後においても油脂や水分は閉じ込められたままとなり、ジューシー感を得ることができない。そのため植物原料含有代替肉加工食品にジューシー感を付与するには、粉状大豆蛋白や卵白と水中油型に乳化させないことが重要となる。 Granular soy protein, which is often used in plant-based alternative meat processed foods, hardly shrinks when heated, so the amount of water and oil dripping from the food due to heating is much less than in processed meat products that use real meat. Despite this, the reason why plant-based alternative meat processed foods do not have a juicy texture is thought to be due to the emulsifying and gelling properties of the powdered soy protein and egg white used as binders. Even if fats and oils are added to give the food a juicy texture, most of them emulsify with the powdered soy protein and egg white into an oil-in-water type when kneaded and gel when heated, so the fats and oils and water remain trapped even after freezing and thawing, and the food does not have a juicy texture. Therefore, in order to give plant-based alternative meat processed foods a juicy texture, it is important not to emulsify with the powdered soy protein and egg white into an oil-in-water type.

特許文献1には、植物性ハンバーグ類(本願の植物原料含有代替肉加工食品相当)にジューシー感を付与する方法として、細断したコンニャクを混合する方法が記載されている。この方法では、細断したコンニャクは結着材に用いられる粉状大豆蛋白や卵白により乳化することはない。しかし、コンニャク特有の臭味がついてしまう。また、特許文献2には分離大豆蛋白とメチルセルロースを用いたエマルションカードを畜肉様加工食品(本願の植物原料含有代替肉加工食品相当)に添加する方法が記載されている。しかし、エマルションカードを作成するために、水と分離大豆蛋白を加熱しながら均質化して乳化物を作成した後、メチルセルロースを加えて均質化し、さらに加熱するといった非常に煩雑な作業が必要となる。 Patent Document 1 describes a method of mixing shredded konjac into plant-based hamburgers (corresponding to the plant-based alternative meat processed food of the present application) to give them a juicy texture. In this method, the shredded konjac is not emulsified by the powdered soy protein or egg white used as a binder. However, it still has the odor and taste characteristic of konjac. In addition, Patent Document 2 describes a method of adding an emulsion curd using isolated soy protein and methylcellulose to a meat-like processed food (corresponding to the plant-based alternative meat processed food of the present application). However, in order to create the emulsion curd, very complicated work is required, such as heating and homogenizing water and isolated soy protein to create an emulsion, adding methylcellulose to homogenize it, and then further heating.

植物原料含有代替肉加工食品にジューシー感を付与するには安定性の高い油中水型乳化物を配合するのが効果的であり、また、製造する植物原料含有代替肉加工食品の味に合わせた風味の油中水型乳化物を簡単に作れることが求められる。しかし、従来の技術ではこれらの性質を同時に有する技術はなかった。加熱冷却などの煩雑な工程を必要とせず、油脂と水を容器に入れて攪拌するだけで、植物原料含有代替肉加工食品にジューシー感を付与する油中水型乳化物を得られることは非常に有用である。 In order to impart a juicy texture to plant-based alternative meat processed foods, it is effective to incorporate a highly stable water-in-oil emulsion, and it is also necessary to be able to easily create a water-in-oil emulsion with a flavor that matches the taste of the plant-based alternative meat processed foods being produced. However, no conventional technology possesses both of these properties at the same time. It is extremely useful to be able to obtain a water-in-oil emulsion that imparts a juicy texture to plant-based alternative meat processed foods by simply placing fats and oils and water in a container and stirring, without the need for cumbersome processes such as heating and cooling.

特開2019-176759号公報JP 2019-176759 A 特開2018-29565号公報JP 2018-29565 A

本発明の目的は、ジューシー感が強く風味に優れた植物原料含有代替肉加工食品を得ることができる油脂組成物を提供することである。すなわち、温度変化に影響されず乳化性が良好な油中水型乳化物を簡単な攪拌で得ることができる、植物原料含有代替肉加工食品に用いる油脂組成物、さらにその油中水型乳化物を含有する植物原料含有代替肉加工食品を提供することである。 The object of the present invention is to provide an oil and fat composition that can be used to obtain a plant-based alternative meat processed food that is juicy and has excellent flavor. In other words, the object of the present invention is to provide an oil and fat composition for use in a plant-based alternative meat processed food that can produce a water-in-oil emulsion with good emulsifiability by simple stirring without being affected by temperature changes, and further to provide a plant-based alternative meat processed food that contains the water-in-oil emulsion.

本発明者は、上記課題を解決するために鋭意研究を重ねた結果、食用油脂に対してポリグリセリン縮合リシノレイン酸エステルを添加し、特定の粘度の油脂組成物とし、この油脂組成物と調味料などを含有する水分とを混合した油中水型乳化物を植物原料含有代替肉加工食品に添加することにより、上記課題を解決できることを見出し、本発明を完成させた。すなわち本発明は以下の通りである。 As a result of intensive research into solving the above problems, the present inventor discovered that the above problems could be solved by adding a polyglycerol condensed ricinoleic acid ester to edible fats and oils to prepare an fat and oil composition with a specific viscosity, and then mixing this fat and oil composition with water containing seasonings and the like to produce a water-in-oil emulsion, and adding this water-in-oil emulsion to a vegetable-based processed meat substitute food, thereby completing the present invention. That is, the present invention is as follows.

[1]植物原料含有代替肉加工食品に用いる油中水型乳化物の製造に使用するための油脂組成物であって、
以下の成分(A)~(B):
(A)食用油脂
(B)ポリグリセリン縮合リシノレイン酸エステル
を含み、10℃及び35℃の温度における粘度が400~100000mPa・sである油脂組成物。
[2](A)食用油脂は、(a1)融点が25℃未満の食用油脂と、(a2)融点が25℃以上の食用油脂と、を含む、[1]に記載の油脂組成物。
[3][1]又は[2]に記載の油脂組成物を含む油中水型乳化物。
[4][3]に記載の油中水型乳化物を含有する植物原料含有代替肉加工食品。
[1] An oil and fat composition for use in producing a water-in-oil emulsion for use in a plant-based raw material-containing alternative meat processed food,
The following components (A) to (B):
(A) an edible fat or oil; and (B) an oil or fat composition comprising a polyglycerol condensed ricinoleic acid ester, the oil or fat composition having a viscosity of 400 to 100,000 mPa·s at temperatures of 10°C and 35°C.
[2] (A) The edible oil or fat comprises (a1) an edible oil or fat having a melting point of less than 25°C and (a2) an edible oil or fat having a melting point of 25°C or higher. The oil or fat composition according to [1].
[3] A water-in-oil emulsion comprising the oil composition according to [1] or [2].
[4] A plant-based, alternative meat processed food containing the water-in-oil emulsion described in [3].

本発明の油脂組成物によれば、ジューシー感が強く風味に優れた植物原料含有代替肉加工食品を得ることができる油脂組成物を得ることができる。すなわち、温度変化に影響されず乳化性が良好な油中水型乳化物を簡単な攪拌で得ることができる、植物原料含有代替肉加工食品に用いる油脂組成物、さらにその油中水型乳化物を含有する植物原料含有代替肉加工食品を得ることができる。 The oil and fat composition of the present invention can provide an oil and fat composition that can produce a plant-based alternative meat processed food that is juicy and has excellent flavor. In other words, it is possible to obtain an oil and fat composition for use in a plant-based alternative meat processed food that is not affected by temperature changes and that can produce a water-in-oil emulsion with good emulsifiability by simple stirring, and further to obtain a plant-based alternative meat processed food that contains the water-in-oil emulsion.

以下、本発明を更に詳細に説明する。
<植物原料含有代替肉加工食品>
本発明における植物原料含有代替肉加工食品とは、畜肉の代替として、粉状や粒状、繊維状の植物由来蛋白を含有する植物原料含有代替肉を使用した加工食品である。畜肉加工食品の例としては、ハンバーグ、パティ、ミートボール、ナゲット、つくね、ハム、ソーセージ、サラミ、フランクフルト、アメリカンドック、餃子、シュウマイ、春巻き、肉饅頭、小籠包、メンチカツ、ミートパイ、ラビオリ、ラザニア、ミートローフ、ロールキャベツ、ピーマンの肉詰めやその他種々の畜肉を使用した加工食品などが挙げられる。これら加工食品の畜肉由来原料のうち50質量%以上を植物由来蛋白に置き換えたものが本発明における植物原料含有代替肉加工食品である。
The present invention will now be described in further detail.
<Alternative meat processed food containing plant materials>
The plant-based alternative meat processed food of the present invention is a processed food that uses a plant-based alternative meat containing powdered, granular, or fibrous plant-derived protein as a substitute for livestock meat. Examples of livestock meat processed foods include hamburger steak, patty, meatball, nugget, meatball, ham, sausage, salami, frankfurter, corn dog, dumpling, shumai, spring roll, meat bun, xiaolongbao, minced meat cutlet, meat pie, ravioli, lasagna, meatloaf, cabbage roll, stuffed peppers, and other processed foods using various livestock meat. The plant-based alternative meat processed food of the present invention is a processed food in which 50% or more of the livestock meat-derived raw materials of these processed foods are replaced with plant-derived protein.

<植物由来蛋白>
植物原料含有代替肉加工食品に用いられる植物由来蛋白は、日本では大豆由来の蛋白が多く用いられている。これは、脱脂大豆を原料とし、粉末状にした粉末状大豆蛋白と、粒状や繊維状に組織化した粒状大豆蛋白や繊維状大豆蛋白がある。粉末状大豆蛋白は、脱脂大豆から水抽出した脱脂豆乳を酸沈殿して蛋白質を濃縮し、中和、殺菌、乾燥して得ることができる。実際には市販品を使用することが簡便で経済的であり、市販品としては不二製油株式会社のニューフジプロ4500、ニューフジプロ1900、ニューフジプロHP、ニューフジプロSEH、フジプロE、フジプロFM、フジプロFR、フジプロMC、ダニスコジャパン株式会社のSUPRO PM、SUPRO 500E、SUPRO KC、日本新薬株式会社のウィルプロN10、ウィルプロP20、フィットネスS、日清オイリオグループ株式会社のソルピー4000H、ソルピー5000Hなどがある。粒状大豆蛋白や繊維状大豆蛋白は、脱脂大豆又は濃縮大豆蛋白に水を加えエクストルーダーで混練、加熱、加圧することで組織化して得ることができる。実際には市販品を使用することが簡便で経済的であり、市販品としては不二製油株式会社のニューフジニック20Y、ニューフジニック40、ニューフジニック41SH、ニューフジニック10、ニューフジニック15R、ニューフジニック50、ニューフジニックAR、フジニックエース100、フジニックエース200、フジニックエース500、アペックス950、アペックス1000、昭和産業株式会社のソイバリューHA-10、ソイバリューHA-30、ソイバリューHA-50、フレッシュCX、デラックスフレッシュ100、ニューフレッシュ51、ミーテックスK-13、ミーテックスK-52、日清オイリオグループ株式会社のニューソイミーS10、ニューソイミーS11、ニューソイミーS21F、ニューソイミーK20、ニューソイミーK30などがある。また、本発明における植物由来蛋白は大豆由来の蛋白に限定するものではなく、エンドウ豆、ヒヨコ豆、レンズ豆、キヌア、大麦、小麦由来の蛋白も含まれる。
<Plant-derived protein>
In Japan, soybean-derived protein is often used as a plant-derived protein in plant-based meat substitute processed foods. This is made from defatted soybeans and is available in two varieties: powdered soy protein, which is made into a powder, and granular or fibrous soy protein, which is structured into granular or fibrous forms. Powdered soy protein can be obtained by concentrating the protein through acid precipitation of defatted soy milk extracted with water from defatted soybeans, followed by neutralization, sterilization, and drying. In practice, it is convenient and economical to use commercially available products, and examples of commercially available products include New Fujipro 4500, New Fujipro 1900, New Fujipro HP, New Fujipro SEH, Fujipro E, Fujipro FM, Fujipro FR, and Fujipro MC from Fuji Oil Co., Ltd., SUPRO PM, SUPRO 500E, and SUPRO KC from Danisco Japan Inc., Willpro N10, Willpro P20, and Fitness S from Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., and Solpy 4000H and Solpy 5000H from Nisshin Oillio Group, Ltd. Granular soy protein and fibrous soy protein can be obtained by adding water to defatted soybeans or concentrated soy protein, kneading, heating, and pressurizing the mixture in an extruder, and then texturing the mixture. In practice, it is convenient and economical to use commercially available products, and examples of commercially available products include New Fujinic 20Y, New Fujinic 40, New Fujinic 41SH, New Fujinic 10, New Fujinic 15R, New Fujinic 50, New Fujinic AR, Fujinic Ace 100, Fujinic Ace 200, Fujinic Ace 500, Apex 950, and Apex 1000, all of which are manufactured by Fuji Oil Co., Ltd.; Soy Value HA-10, Soy Value HA-30, Soy Value HA-50, Fresh CX, Deluxe Fresh 100, New Fresh 51, Meetex K-13, and Meetex K-52, all of which are manufactured by Showa Sangyo Co., Ltd.; and New Soyme S10, New Soyme S11, New Soyme S21F, New Soyme K20, and New Soyme K30, all of which are manufactured by Nisshin Oillio Group Ltd. Furthermore, the plant-derived protein in the present invention is not limited to soybean-derived protein, but also includes proteins derived from peas, chickpeas, lentils, quinoa, barley, and wheat.

<油脂組成物>
本発明の油脂組成物は、油中水型乳化物を形成するための油脂組成物であって、(A)食用油脂、(B)ポリグリセリン縮合リシノレイン酸エステルを含み、10℃及び35℃の温度における粘度が400~100000mPa・sであることを特徴とする。
本発明の油脂組成物によれば、高い乳化性を有し、水分や必要に応じて糖類や調味料のような水溶性成分を添加して攪拌装置や調理器具で攪拌することによりジューシー感のある植物原料含有代替肉加工食品を得るのに適した安定な乳化物を作ることができる。
<Oil and fat composition>
The oil and fat composition of the present invention is an oil and fat composition for forming a water-in-oil emulsion, and is characterized by comprising (A) an edible oil and fat and (B) a polyglycerol condensed ricinoleic acid ester, and having a viscosity of 400 to 100,000 mPa s at temperatures of 10°C and 35°C.
The oil and fat composition of the present invention has high emulsifying properties, and by adding water and, if necessary, water-soluble components such as sugars and seasonings, and stirring with a stirrer or cooking utensil, it is possible to produce a stable emulsion suitable for obtaining a juicy, plant-based, processed alternative meat food product.

本発明の油脂組成物は、その物性が10~35℃のいずれの温度においても粘度が400~100000mPa・sである。この範囲であれば、油脂組成物は、10~35℃のいずれの温度においても粘性液体から半固形状などの流動性を有する状態となる。そのため、加熱などの処理を行わなくても、油脂と水とを容器に全て入れて一般的な攪拌装置や、調理器具で混合するだけで安定な乳化物を得ることができる。粘度が400mPa・s未満では、油脂組成物の粘度が低いために、油が水中に分散してしまい、目的の油中水型乳化物を得ることが困難となる。粘度が100000mPa・sよりも高い場合には、攪拌装置や調理器具では混合が困難となり、安定な乳化物を得ることができない。もしくは、油脂組成物の物性調整のために加熱工程が必要となり、作業が煩雑となる。 The oil composition of the present invention has a physical property of a viscosity of 400 to 100,000 mPa·s at any temperature between 10 and 35°C. Within this range, the oil composition has fluidity such as a viscous liquid to a semi-solid state at any temperature between 10 and 35°C. Therefore, a stable emulsion can be obtained by simply putting the oil and water into a container and mixing them with a general stirring device or cooking utensil without performing a treatment such as heating. If the viscosity is less than 400 mPa·s, the oil will disperse in the water due to the low viscosity of the oil composition, making it difficult to obtain the desired water-in-oil emulsion. If the viscosity is higher than 100,000 mPa·s, mixing will be difficult with a stirring device or cooking utensil, and a stable emulsion cannot be obtained. Alternatively, a heating process will be required to adjust the physical properties of the oil composition, making the work complicated.

10~35℃における油脂組成物の粘度の下限値は、好ましくは1000mPa・s以上であり、より好ましくは3000mPa・s以上であり、更に好ましくは5000mPa・s以上であり、特に好ましくは8000mPa・s以上である。また、10~35℃における油脂組成物の粘度の上限値は、好ましくは50000mPa・s以下であり、より好ましくは30000mPa・s以下であり、更に好ましくは20000mPa・s以下であり、特に好ましくは10000mPa・s以下である。なお、本発明における粘度は、東機産業(株)のB型粘度計により測定した。 The lower limit of the viscosity of the oil composition at 10 to 35°C is preferably 1000 mPa·s or more, more preferably 3000 mPa·s or more, even more preferably 5000 mPa·s or more, and particularly preferably 8000 mPa·s or more. The upper limit of the viscosity of the oil composition at 10 to 35°C is preferably 50000 mPa·s or less, more preferably 30000 mPa·s or less, even more preferably 20000 mPa·s or less, and particularly preferably 10000 mPa·s or less. The viscosity in the present invention was measured using a B-type viscometer manufactured by Toki Sangyo Co., Ltd.

また、10℃における粘度と35℃における粘度の差(10℃における粘度-35℃における粘度)は、特に制限されないが、好ましくは90000mPa・s以下であり、より好ましくは3000mPa・s以下であり、更に好ましくは2000mPa・s以下であり、特に好ましくは1000mPa・s以下である。10℃における粘度と35℃における粘度の差が小さい場合には、常温における状態の安定性が優れるという効果がある。 The difference in viscosity between 10°C and 35°C (viscosity at 10°C - viscosity at 35°C) is not particularly limited, but is preferably 90,000 mPa·s or less, more preferably 3,000 mPa·s or less, even more preferably 2,000 mPa·s or less, and particularly preferably 1,000 mPa·s or less. When the difference in viscosity between 10°C and 35°C is small, there is an effect that the stability at room temperature is excellent.

以下に、各成分について詳細に説明する。
[(A)食用油脂]
本発明で使用する食用油脂は、本発明に必要な油脂組成物の物性を付与するために用いられる。本発明で使用する食用油脂は、例えば、ナタネ油(菜種油)、大豆油、ヒマワリ油、綿実油、落花生油、米油、トウモロコシ油、サフラワー油、オリーブ油、ゴマ油、月見草油、およびパーム油、シア油、サル脂、イリッペ脂、ボルネオタロー脂、カカオ脂、ヤシ油、パーム核油等の分別油、ならびに乳脂、牛脂、豚脂、魚油、鯨油等の動物性油脂の分別油、ならびに中鎖脂肪、更には、原料に応じて硬化、分別、エステル交換等の処理を施したものが使用できる。また、これらの油脂を各々単独で、または2種以上を組み合わせて使用することができる。組み合わせとして好ましくは、菜種油、菜種極度硬化油及びハイエルシン酸菜種極度硬化油である。
Each component will be described in detail below.
[(A) Edible oils and fats]
The edible fats and oils used in the present invention are used to impart the properties of the fat and oil composition required in the present invention. Examples of the edible fats and oils used in the present invention include rapeseed oil (rapeseed oil), soybean oil, sunflower oil, cottonseed oil, peanut oil, rice oil, corn oil, safflower oil, olive oil, sesame oil, evening primrose oil, and fractionated oils such as palm oil, shea oil, monkey fat, illipe fat, Borneo tallow fat, cacao butter, coconut oil, palm kernel oil, and fractionated oils of animal fats such as milk fat, beef tallow, lard, fish oil, and whale oil, as well as medium-chain fats, and those that have been subjected to treatments such as hardening, fractionation, and ester exchange depending on the raw material. In addition, these fats and oils can be used alone or in combination of two or more. The preferred combinations are rapeseed oil, rapeseed extremely hardened oil, and high erucic acid rapeseed extremely hardened oil.

本発明の油脂組成物における(A)食用油脂の含有量は、特に制限されないが、好ましくは60.0~99.5質量%である。その下限値としては、より好ましくは70.0質量%以上であり、更に好ましくは80.0質量%以上であり、特に好ましくは90.0質量%以上である。(A)食用油脂の含有量の上限値を99.5質量%以下とすることにより、本発明に必要な乳化剤などを配合することができる。 The content of edible oils and fats (A) in the oil and fat composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 60.0 to 99.5% by mass. The lower limit is more preferably 70.0% by mass or more, even more preferably 80.0% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 90.0% by mass or more. By setting the upper limit of the content of edible oils and fats (A) to 99.5% by mass or less, it is possible to incorporate emulsifiers and the like required for the present invention.

本発明の油脂組成物は、(A)食用油脂として、(a1)融点が25℃未満の食用油脂を含有することが好ましい。融点が25℃未満の食用油脂を含むことにより、常温(25℃)において適度な流動性を付与することができるため、水相部との混合性に優れるという効果を奏する。
なお、油脂の融点は、基準油脂分析試験法「2.2.4.2 融点(上昇融点)」に準じて測定することができる。以下、本発明における「融点」の測定は、この方法に準じる。
The oil and fat composition of the present invention preferably contains, as the edible oil and fat (A), (a1) an edible oil and fat having a melting point of less than 25° C. By containing an edible oil and fat having a melting point of less than 25° C., it is possible to impart appropriate fluidity at room temperature (25° C.), thereby achieving the effect of excellent mixability with the aqueous phase.
The melting point of the oil or fat can be measured in accordance with the Standard Fats and Oils Analysis Test Method "2.2.4.2 Melting Point (Slip Melting Point)". Hereinafter, the measurement of the "melting point" in the present invention will be in accordance with this method.

本発明の油脂組成物中における(a1)融点が25℃未満の食用油脂の含有量は特に制限されないが、好ましくは60.0~96.5質量%である。下限値としては、より好ましくは70.0質量%以上であり、更に好ましくは80.0質量%以上であり、特に好ましくは85.0質量%以上である。一方、上限値としては、より好ましくは95.0質量%以下である。60.0質量%以上の場合には、常温において適度な流動性を付与することができる。96.5質量%以下の場合には、本発明に必要な乳化剤や常温で固体状の油脂などを含有させることができる。 The content of (a1) edible oils and fats having a melting point of less than 25°C in the oil and fat composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 60.0 to 96.5% by mass. The lower limit is more preferably 70.0% by mass or more, even more preferably 80.0% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 85.0% by mass or more. On the other hand, the upper limit is more preferably 95.0% by mass or less. When it is 60.0% by mass or more, it is possible to impart appropriate fluidity at room temperature. When it is 96.5% by mass or less, it is possible to contain emulsifiers necessary for the present invention and oils and fats that are solid at room temperature.

本発明の油脂組成物は、(A)食用油脂として、(a2)融点が25℃以上の食用油脂を含有することが好ましい。(a2)融点が25℃以上の食用油脂を含有することにより、(a1)融点が25℃未満の食用油脂に対して粘度を付与し、本発明の油脂組成物の粘度を調整することができる。
ここで、(a2)融点が25℃以上の食用油脂の融点は、好ましくは35℃以上であり、より好ましくは45℃以上であり、更に好ましくは55℃以上である。高融点の固体状の油脂を使用することにより、少量の配合量で(a1)融点が25℃未満の食用油脂に適度な粘度を付与することができる。また、10~35℃における粘度の変化が小さい油脂組成物を製造することができるため、加熱や冷却などの煩雑な工程を必要とせず、水を加えて攪拌するだけで安定な油中水型乳化物を得ることができる。
The oil and fat composition of the present invention preferably contains, as the edible oil and fat (A), (a2) an edible oil and fat having a melting point of 25° C. or higher. By containing (a2) an edible oil and fat having a melting point of 25° C. or higher, it is possible to impart viscosity to (a1) an edible oil and fat having a melting point of less than 25° C., and adjust the viscosity of the oil and fat composition of the present invention.
Here, the melting point of (a2) edible oils and fats having a melting point of 25° C. or higher is preferably 35° C. or higher, more preferably 45° C. or higher, and even more preferably 55° C. or higher. By using a solid oil and fat having a high melting point, it is possible to impart an appropriate viscosity to (a1) edible oil and fats having a melting point of less than 25° C. with a small blend amount. In addition, since it is possible to produce an oil and fat composition with a small change in viscosity at 10 to 35° C., a stable water-in-oil emulsion can be obtained by simply adding water and stirring without requiring complicated steps such as heating and cooling.

本発明の油脂組成物中における(a2)融点が25℃以上の食用油脂の含有量は、特に制限されないが、好ましくは0.1~30.0質量%である。下限値としては、より好ましくは1.0質量%以上であり、更に好ましくは3.0質量%以上であり、特に好ましくは4.0質量%以上である。一方、上限値としては、より好ましくは10.0質量%以下であり、更に好ましくは8.0質量%以下であり、特に好ましくは6.0質量%以下である。0.1質量%以上の場合には、(a1)融点が25℃未満の食用油脂に適度な粘度を付与することができる。30.0質量%以下の場合には、本発明に必要な乳化剤や(a1)融点が25℃未満の食用油脂などを含有させることができる。 The content of (a2) edible oils and fats having a melting point of 25°C or higher in the oil and fat composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 to 30.0% by mass. The lower limit is more preferably 1.0% by mass or higher, even more preferably 3.0% by mass or higher, and particularly preferably 4.0% by mass or higher. On the other hand, the upper limit is more preferably 10.0% by mass or lower, even more preferably 8.0% by mass or lower, and particularly preferably 6.0% by mass or lower. When it is 0.1% by mass or higher, it is possible to impart an appropriate viscosity to (a1) edible oils and fats having a melting point of less than 25°C. When it is 30.0% by mass or lower, it is possible to contain an emulsifier necessary for the present invention and (a1) edible oils and fats having a melting point of less than 25°C.

(a2)融点が25℃以上の食用油脂として、例えば、パーム油、豚脂、牛脂、菜種極度硬化油、ハイエルシン酸菜種極度硬化油、パーム極度硬化油、大豆極度硬化油、豚脂極度効果油、牛脂極度効果油、ヤシ極度硬化油、ハイオレイックナタネ極度硬化油がある。これらを1種で、または2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。好ましくは、経時的保管で結晶変化の少ない極度硬化油である。より好ましくは、菜種極度硬化油又はハイエルシン酸菜種極度硬化油である。組み合わせとして特に好ましくは、菜種極度硬化油及びハイエルシン酸菜種極度硬化油である。 (a2) Examples of edible fats and oils having a melting point of 25°C or higher include palm oil, lard, beef tallow, highly hydrogenated rapeseed oil, highly hydrogenated high erucic acid rapeseed oil, highly hydrogenated palm oil, highly hydrogenated soybean oil, highly hydrogenated lard oil, highly hydrogenated beef tallow oil, highly hydrogenated coconut oil, and highly hydrogenated high oleic rapeseed oil. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Preferred are highly hydrogenated oils that undergo little crystallization change during storage over time. More preferred are highly hydrogenated rapeseed oil or highly hydrogenated high erucic acid rapeseed oil. Particularly preferred combinations are highly hydrogenated rapeseed oil and highly hydrogenated high erucic acid rapeseed oil.

本発明の油脂組成物は、(A)食用油脂として(a1)融点が25℃未満の食用油脂と(a2)融点が25℃以上の食用油脂とを含む。(a1)と(a2)との配合比率は、本発明の油脂組成物の粘度が所定の範囲になるように配合すればよく、たとえば、(a1)と(a2)との質量比[a1:a2]として(3~200):1とすることができる。好ましくは(10~100):1であり、さらに好ましくは(15~20):1である。 The oil and fat composition of the present invention contains, as edible oils and fats (A), (a1) edible oils and fats having a melting point of less than 25°C and (a2) edible oils and fats having a melting point of 25°C or higher. The blending ratio of (a1) and (a2) may be such that the viscosity of the oil and fat composition of the present invention falls within a predetermined range. For example, the mass ratio of (a1) to (a2) [a1:a2] may be (3-200):1. It is preferably (10-100):1, and more preferably (15-20):1.

[(B)ポリグリセリン縮合リシノレイン酸エステル]
本発明に使用するポリグリセリン縮合リシノレイン酸エステルは、ひまし油を原料とするリシノレイン酸を縮合したポリリシノレイン酸をポリグリセリンに結合させた油溶性乳化剤である。親油性が強いことから、油中水型乳化に適している。また、乳化力が強いことから、攪拌装置や調理器具での混合でも植物原料含有代替肉加工食品にジューシー感を付与するのに適した、安定な油中水型乳化物を得ることができる。
[(B) Polyglycerol condensed ricinoleic acid ester]
The polyglycerol condensed ricinoleic acid ester used in the present invention is an oil-soluble emulsifier in which polyricinoleic acid, which is obtained by condensing ricinoleic acid made from castor oil, is bound to polyglycerol. It is suitable for water-in-oil emulsification because of its strong lipophilicity. In addition, because of its strong emulsifying power, it is possible to obtain a stable water-in-oil emulsion suitable for imparting a juicy feel to vegetable-based raw material-containing alternative meat processed food, even when mixed with a stirrer or cooking utensil.

本発明に使用するポリグリセリン縮合リシノレイン酸エステルは、ポリグリセリンの平均重合度が2~16、リシノレイン酸の縮合度が2~16、HLBは0.5~5のものが好ましく用いられる。この範囲であれば、優れた乳化性が得られ、攪拌装置や調理器具での混合でも安定な油中水型乳化物を得ることができる。ポリグリセリン縮合リシノレイン酸エステルは、リシノレイン酸を脱水縮合した縮合リシノレイン酸とポリグリセリンとのエステル化により得られるが、実際的には市販品を使用するのが簡便で経済的である。好ましい範囲を満たすポリグリセリン縮合リシノレイン酸エステルの市販品としては、阪本薬品工業(株)のSYグリスターCR-310、CR-500、CR-ED、CRS-75、太陽化学(株)のサンソフトNo.818DG、818SK、818R、818H、理研ビタミン(株)のポエムPR-100、PR-300等が適宜使用できる。 The polyglycerol condensed ricinoleic acid ester used in the present invention preferably has an average degree of polymerization of polyglycerol of 2 to 16, a degree of condensation of ricinoleic acid of 2 to 16, and an HLB of 0.5 to 5. Within these ranges, excellent emulsifying properties can be obtained, and a stable water-in-oil emulsion can be obtained even when mixed with a stirrer or cooking utensil. Polyglycerol condensed ricinoleic acid ester is obtained by esterifying condensed ricinoleic acid obtained by dehydrating and condensing ricinoleic acid with polyglycerol, but in practice it is simpler and more economical to use a commercially available product. Commercially available polyglycerol condensed ricinoleic acid esters that meet the preferred ranges include SY Glystar CR-310, CR-500, CR-ED, and CRS-75 from Sakamoto Yakuhin Kogyo Co., Ltd., and Sunsoft No. from Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd. 818DG, 818SK, 818R, 818H, Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd.'s Poem PR-100, PR-300, etc. can be used as appropriate.

本発明の油脂組成物中におけるポリグリセリン縮合リシノレイン酸エステルの含有量は特に制限されないが、好ましくは0.5~10.0質量%である。下限値として、より好ましくは1.0質量%以上であり、更に好ましくは2.0質量%以上であり、特に好ましくは4.0質量%以上である。一方、上限値として、より好ましくは8.0質量%以下であり、更に好ましくは6.0質量%以下である。0.5質量%以上の場合には、優れた乳化力を得ることができ、植物原料含有代替肉加工食品にジューシー感を付与するのに適した、安定な油中水型乳化物を得ることができる。また、10.0質量%以下の場合には、乳化剤特有の好ましくない風味を低減しつつ、優れた乳化力を得ることができるため、植物原料含有代替肉加工食品の風味を損なうことがない。 The content of polyglycerol condensed ricinoleic acid ester in the oil and fat composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.5 to 10.0% by mass. The lower limit is more preferably 1.0% by mass or more, even more preferably 2.0% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 4.0% by mass or more. On the other hand, the upper limit is more preferably 8.0% by mass or less, even more preferably 6.0% by mass or less. When the content is 0.5% by mass or more, excellent emulsifying power can be obtained, and a stable water-in-oil emulsion suitable for imparting a juicy feel to a processed alternative meat food containing a plant ingredient can be obtained. Also, when the content is 10.0% by mass or less, excellent emulsifying power can be obtained while reducing the undesirable flavor specific to the emulsifier, so that the flavor of the processed alternative meat food containing a plant ingredient is not impaired.

[その他の成分]
(a1)融点が25℃未満の食用油脂に粘度を付与するには、(a2)融点が25℃以上の食用油脂を配合するほか、常温で固体状の乳化剤を1種類以上配合してもよい。ここで、常温で固体状の乳化剤とは、融点が25℃以上の乳化剤のことである。常温で固体状の乳化剤の融点は、好ましくは35℃以上であり、より好ましくは45℃以上であり、更に好ましくは55℃以上である。高融点の固体状の乳化剤を使用することにより、少量の配合量で(a1)融点が25℃未満の食用油脂に適度な粘度を付与することができるため、加熱や冷却などの煩雑な工程を必要とせず、水を加えて攪拌するだけで安定な油中水型乳化物を得ることができる。また、乳化剤による風味の影響を低減することができる。
[Other ingredients]
In order to impart viscosity to edible oils and fats (a1) having a melting point of less than 25°C, one or more emulsifiers that are solid at room temperature may be added in addition to blending edible oils and fats (a2) having a melting point of 25°C or higher. Here, the emulsifier that is solid at room temperature refers to an emulsifier that has a melting point of 25°C or higher. The melting point of the emulsifier that is solid at room temperature is preferably 35°C or higher, more preferably 45°C or higher, and even more preferably 55°C or higher. By using a solid emulsifier with a high melting point, it is possible to impart an appropriate viscosity to edible oils and fats (a1) having a melting point of less than 25°C with a small blending amount, so that a stable water-in-oil emulsion can be obtained by simply adding water and stirring without requiring complicated processes such as heating and cooling. In addition, the influence of the flavor due to the emulsifier can be reduced.

常温で固体状の乳化剤としてはグリセリン重合度が6以上であり、飽和脂肪酸がエステル化率60%以上でエステル結合したものが好ましい。これらの乳化剤は、ポリグリセリンと飽和脂肪酸のエステル化により得られるが、実際には市販品を使用することが簡便で経済的である。当該の乳化剤の例としては、太陽化学(株)のTAISET26、TAISET50、サンソフトQ-1810S、阪本薬品工業のSYグリスターCV-1L、SYグリスターCV-23、SYグリスターHB-750、SYグリスターDDB-750、SYグリスターDAS-7S、理研ビタミン(株)のポエムLS-810などが適宜使用できる。 As emulsifiers that are solid at room temperature, those with a degree of polymerization of glycerin of 6 or more and ester bonds with saturated fatty acids at an esterification rate of 60% or more are preferred. These emulsifiers are obtained by esterification of polyglycerin and saturated fatty acids, but in practice it is simpler and more economical to use commercially available products. Examples of such emulsifiers include TAISET26, TAISET50, and Sunsoft Q-1810S from Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd., SY Glyster CV-1L, SY Glyster CV-23, SY Glyster HB-750, SY Glyster DDB-750, and SY Glyster DAS-7S from Sakamoto Yakuhin Kogyo Co., Ltd., and Poem LS-810 from Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd., etc. that can be used as appropriate.

本発明の油脂組成物中における常温(25℃)で固体状の乳化剤の含有量は、特に制限されないが、好ましくは0.1~15.0質量%である。下限値としては、より好ましくは0.3質量%以上であり、更に好ましくは0.5質量%以上である。一方、上限値としては、より好ましくは12.0質量%以下であり、更に好ましくは10.0質量%以下である。0.1質量%以上の場合には、乳化安定性を向上しつつ、(a1)融点が25℃未満の食用油脂に適度な粘度を付与することができる。15.0質量%以下の場合には、粘度が高くなり過ぎず、かつ、乳化安定性に優れた油脂組成物を得ることができるため、加熱や冷却などの煩雑な工程を必要とせず、水を加えて攪拌するだけで安定な油中水型乳化物を得ることができる。また、乳化剤による風味の影響を低減することができる。 The content of the emulsifier in the oil composition of the present invention that is solid at room temperature (25°C) is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 to 15.0% by mass. The lower limit is more preferably 0.3% by mass or more, and even more preferably 0.5% by mass or more. On the other hand, the upper limit is more preferably 12.0% by mass or less, and even more preferably 10.0% by mass or less. When the content is 0.1% by mass or more, it is possible to impart a suitable viscosity to (a1) edible oils and fats having a melting point of less than 25°C while improving the emulsion stability. When the content is 15.0% by mass or less, it is possible to obtain an oil composition that is not too viscous and has excellent emulsion stability, and therefore, a stable water-in-oil emulsion can be obtained by simply adding water and stirring without requiring complicated processes such as heating and cooling. In addition, the influence of the emulsifier on the flavor can be reduced.

本発明の油脂組成物においては、ポリグリセリン縮合リシノレイン酸エステル以外の公知の乳化剤、例えばレシチン、グリセリン脂肪酸エステル、プロピレングリコール脂肪酸エステル、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステルなどを本発明の効果を損ねない程度に併用してもよい。 In the oil composition of the present invention, known emulsifiers other than polyglycerol condensed ricinoleic acid ester, such as lecithin, glycerol fatty acid ester, propylene glycol fatty acid ester, sucrose fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, etc., may be used in combination to the extent that the effect of the present invention is not impaired.

[固体脂含有量]
本発明における油脂組成物の10~35℃における固体脂含有量(SFC)は、特に制限されないが、好ましくは0.1~15%である。下限値として、より好ましくは0.3%以上であり、更に好ましくは0.5%以上である。一方、上限値として、より好ましくは12%以下であり、更に好ましくは10%以下である。SFCが0.1%以上の場合には、油脂組成物の粘度を適度に向上することができるため、安定性に優れた油中水型乳化物を得ることができる。一般的な攪拌装置や調理器具で簡単に油中水型乳化物が得られるという本発明の効果をより発揮する。また、SFCが15%以下の場合には、適切な粘度の油脂組成物を得ることができ短時間の攪拌でも安定な油中水型乳化物を得ることができる。
[Solid fat content]
The solid fat content (SFC) of the oil and fat composition of the present invention at 10 to 35°C is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 to 15%. The lower limit is more preferably 0.3% or more, and even more preferably 0.5% or more. On the other hand, the upper limit is more preferably 12% or less, and even more preferably 10% or less. When the SFC is 0.1% or more, the viscosity of the oil and fat composition can be appropriately improved, so that a water-in-oil emulsion with excellent stability can be obtained. The effect of the present invention that a water-in-oil emulsion can be easily obtained with a general stirring device or cooking utensil is more effectively exhibited. In addition, when the SFC is 15% or less, an oil and fat composition with an appropriate viscosity can be obtained, and a stable water-in-oil emulsion can be obtained even with short-time stirring.

また、10℃におけるSFCと35℃におけるSFCとの差(10℃におけるSFC-35℃におけるSFC)は、特に制限されないが、好ましくは5%以下であり、より好ましくは3%以下であり、更に好ましくは1%以下である。10℃におけるSFCと35℃におけるSFCとの差が小さい場合には、本発明の油脂組成物について常温における状態の安定性が優れるという効果がある。 The difference between the SFC at 10°C and the SFC at 35°C (SFC at 10°C - SFC at 35°C) is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5% or less, more preferably 3% or less, and even more preferably 1% or less. When the difference between the SFC at 10°C and the SFC at 35°C is small, the oil composition of the present invention has the effect of having excellent stability at room temperature.

本発明において固体脂含有量(SFC)とは、油脂中の固体脂の量を測定したものであり、基準油脂分析試験法「2.2.9-2013 固体脂含量(NMR法)」に準じて測定した。測定装置は、「SFC-2000R」(アステック株式会社製)を使用し、本発明における固体脂含有量は、この測定装置を用いて測定した。 In the present invention, the solid fat content (SFC) is a measurement of the amount of solid fat in fats and oils, and was measured in accordance with the standard fat and oil analysis test method "2.2.9-2013 Solid fat content (NMR method)." The measurement device used was the "SFC-2000R" (manufactured by Astec Co., Ltd.), and the solid fat content in the present invention was measured using this measurement device.

<油脂組成物の製造方法>
本発明の油脂組成物は、必要な原材料を均一に溶解、混合することができればよく、特に制限されない。例えば、加熱処理等により均一に溶解、混合することで調製され、その後冷却されることにより、低温から常温で均質のものが得られる。それにより、加熱冷却などの煩雑な工程を必要とせず、水と攪拌するだけで安定な油中水型乳化物となる油脂組成物を得ることができる。
<Method of producing oil and fat composition>
The oil and fat composition of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the necessary raw materials can be uniformly dissolved and mixed. For example, the oil and fat composition can be prepared by uniformly dissolving and mixing the raw materials by heat treatment or the like, and then cooled to obtain a homogeneous composition at low to room temperature. This allows the oil and fat composition to be a stable water-in-oil emulsion by simply stirring with water, without the need for complicated processes such as heating and cooling.

<油中水型乳化物>
本発明の油脂組成物を用いた油中水型乳化物は、油相部として本発明の油脂組成物を含有する。油中水型乳化物における油相部の含有量は、好ましくは10~50質量%であり、より好ましくは15~35質量%である。油中水型乳化物における水相部の含有量は、好ましくは50~90質量%であり、より好ましくは65~85質量%であり、特に好ましくは70~80質量%である。水相部に含まれる成分は、特に限定されず、水、水溶性成分の混合物を用いることができる。
<Water-in-oil emulsion>
A water-in-oil emulsion using the oil-and-fat composition of the present invention contains the oil-and-fat composition of the present invention as an oil phase. The content of the oil phase in the water-in-oil emulsion is preferably 10 to 50% by mass, more preferably 15 to 35% by mass. The content of the aqueous phase in the water-in-oil emulsion is preferably 50 to 90% by mass, more preferably 65 to 85% by mass, and particularly preferably 70 to 80% by mass. The components contained in the aqueous phase are not particularly limited, and a mixture of water and water-soluble components can be used.

本発明の油中水型乳化物において、物性や風味の調整のために水溶性および不溶性の成分、例えば食塩、アミノ酸、糖類、セルロース、食物繊維、粉乳、香辛料、乾燥野菜などを本発明の効果を損ねない程度に併用してもよい。 In the water-in-oil emulsion of the present invention, water-soluble and insoluble ingredients, such as salt, amino acids, sugars, cellulose, dietary fiber, milk powder, spices, dried vegetables, etc., may be used in combination to adjust the physical properties and flavor of the emulsion, to the extent that the effects of the present invention are not impaired.

本発明の油脂組成物と水とを混合して作成した乳化物は油中水型であるため、結着材として用いられる粉状大豆蛋白や卵白と水中油型に乳化することがなく、植物原料含有代替加工肉中に分散させることができる。本発明における植物原料含有代替肉加工食品中における油中水型乳化物の含有量は、好ましくは1~30質量%であり、より好ましくは5~20質量%である。 The emulsion prepared by mixing the oil and fat composition of the present invention with water is a water-in-oil type, and therefore can be dispersed in the plant-based processed meat substitute without being emulsified into an oil-in-water type with the powdered soy protein or egg white used as a binder. The content of the water-in-oil type emulsion in the plant-based processed meat substitute food of the present invention is preferably 1 to 30% by mass, and more preferably 5 to 20% by mass.

<油中水型乳化物の製造方法>
本発明における油中水型乳化物は、前記の油相部と水相部とを混合することにより得ることができる。水相部と油相部との全てを容器に入れ、プロペラ攪拌のような攪拌装置や、泡立て器のような調理器具での混合で油中水型乳化物を得ることができる。
<Method of producing water-in-oil emulsion>
The water-in-oil emulsion of the present invention can be obtained by mixing the oil phase and the aqueous phase. The aqueous phase and the oil phase are all placed in a container, and the water-in-oil emulsion can be obtained by mixing with a stirring device such as a propeller stirrer or a cooking utensil such as a whisk.

前記の製造方法によれば、攪拌力の弱い簡易的な攪拌装置や調理器具を用いて油中水型乳化物を得ることができる。また、加熱などの処理を行うことなく、簡単な操作により油中水型乳化物を得ることができる。
なお、前記の製造方法は、攪拌力の強い特殊な装置や、加熱処理などの工程を行ってもよく、従来の油中水型乳化物の製造方法による実施を除外するものではない。
According to the above-mentioned manufacturing method, a water-in-oil emulsion can be obtained using a simple stirring device or cooking utensil with a weak stirring power. Also, a water-in-oil emulsion can be obtained by a simple operation without performing a treatment such as heating.
The above-mentioned manufacturing method may include steps such as using a special device with strong stirring power or performing a heat treatment, and does not exclude carrying out the method according to a conventional method for manufacturing a water-in-oil emulsion.

次に実施例をあげて本発明を具体的に説明する。
[油脂組成物の製造]
(実施例1)
表1の配合組成(質量%)で以下の方法により油脂組成物を製造した。すなわち、油相部として菜種油(融点0℃以下)1800gに、菜種極度硬化油(融点67℃)60g、ハイエルシン酸菜種極度硬化油(融点60℃)40g、ポリグリセリン縮合リシノレイン酸エステル100gを添加し、プロペラ攪拌にて攪拌しながら70℃に加熱し5分間保持して溶解させ、その後リアクテーターを用いて冷却捏和することで本発明の油脂組成物を得た。
また実施例2~7、比較例1~5は、表1および表2に示した配合(質量%)で、実施例1に準じて油脂組成物を製造した。なお、パームステアリンの融点は51℃、パーム油の融点は34℃である。
Next, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
[Production of oil and fat composition]
Example 1
An oil and fat composition was produced by the following method with the blending composition (mass%) in Table 1. That is, 60 g of extremely hardened rapeseed oil (melting point 67°C), 40 g of extremely hardened rapeseed oil with high erucic acid (melting point 60°C), and 100 g of polyglycerol condensed ricinoleate were added to 1,800 g of rapeseed oil (melting point 0°C or less) as an oil phase part, heated to 70°C while stirring with a propeller and held for 5 minutes to dissolve, and then cooled and kneaded using a reactor to obtain the oil and fat composition of the present invention.
In Examples 2 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5, oil and fat compositions were produced according to Example 1 with the blending ratios (mass%) shown in Tables 1 and 2. The melting point of palm stearin is 51°C, and the melting point of palm oil is 34°C.

実施例1~7、比較例1~5に使用した原料を以下に示す。
(乳化剤)
*「サンソフト818H」(太陽化学(株)製):ポリグリセリン縮合リシノレイン酸エステル
*「TAISET26」(太陽化学(株)製):ポリグリセリン縮合リシノレイン酸エステル
*「SYグリスターCR-ED」(阪本薬品工業(株)製):ポリグリセリン縮合リシノレイン酸エステル
*「SYグリスターCV-1L」(阪本薬品工業(株)製):ポリグリセリン縮合リシノレイン酸エステル
The raw materials used in Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 are shown below.
(emulsifier)
* "Sunsoft 818H" (manufactured by Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd.): Polyglycerol condensed ricinoleic acid ester * "TAISET26" (manufactured by Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd.): Polyglycerol condensed ricinoleic acid ester * "SY Glister CR-ED" (manufactured by Sakamoto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.): Polyglycerol condensed ricinoleic acid ester * "SY Glister CV-1L" (manufactured by Sakamoto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.): Polyglycerol condensed ricinoleic acid ester

[植物原料含有代替肉加工食品(ハンバーグ様食品)用乳化物の製造]
<ハンバーグ様食品練りこみ用油中水型乳化物>
表1の配合組成(質量%)で以下の方法によりハンバーグ様食品練りこみ用油中水型乳化物を製造した。すなわち、10℃の水400g、粉末状スープの素(商品名:味の素コンソメ、味の素(株)製)4gを2L容量のボウルに全量入れ、粉末状スープの素を水に完全に溶解したのち、10℃の実施例1の油脂組成物100gを入れ、室温(25℃)で、泡立て器(家庭用ナス型、攪拌部の大きさ:長さ12cm、直径8cm)を用いて1秒間に3回の速さで、3分間攪拌することでハンバーグ様食品練りこみ用油中水型乳化物を得た。
また、実施例2~7の油脂組成物及び比較例1~5の油脂組成物を用いたハンバーグ様食品練りこみ用油中水型乳化物は、表1及び表2に示した配合組成(質量%)で、前記実施例1の油脂組成物を用いた油中水型乳化物を製造した方法に準じて製造した。
[Production of emulsion for plant-based meat substitute processed foods (hamburger-like foods)]
<Water-in-oil emulsion for kneading into hamburger-like foods>
A water-in-oil emulsion for kneading into hamburger steak-like foods was produced by the following method using the blending composition (mass%) in Table 1. That is, 400 g of water at 10°C and 4 g of powdered soup base (product name: AJINOMOTO CONSOMMÉ, manufactured by AJINOMOTO CO., LTD.) were placed in a 2-L bowl, and the powdered soup base was completely dissolved in the water. Then, 100 g of the oil and fat composition of Example 1 at 10°C was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature (25°C) for 3 minutes at a speed of 3 times per second using a whisk (household eggplant type, stirring part size: length 12 cm, diameter 8 cm) to obtain a water-in-oil emulsion for kneading into hamburger steak-like foods.
In addition, the water-in-oil emulsions for kneading into hamburger-like foods using the oil and fat compositions of Examples 2 to 7 and the oil and fat compositions of Comparative Examples 1 to 5 were produced in the formulations (mass%) shown in Tables 1 and 2 according to the method for producing the water-in-oil emulsion using the oil and fat composition of Example 1.

<ハンバーグ様食品練りこみ用水中油型乳化物>
表3に示した配合で以下の方法にて水中油型乳化物を製造した。水にカゼインナトリウム、乳化剤を加えて攪拌しながら70℃まで加熱し、油脂を加えて攪拌した後、高圧ホモジナイザーを用いて、ハンバーグ様食品練りこみ用水中油型乳化物を得た。
<Oil-in-water emulsion for kneading into hamburger-like foods>
An oil-in-water emulsion was produced by the following method using the formulation shown in Table 3. Sodium caseinate and an emulsifier were added to water, and the mixture was heated to 70° C. with stirring, and then fats and oils were added and stirred. After that, a high-pressure homogenizer was used to obtain an oil-in-water emulsion for kneading into hamburger-like foods.

<ハンバーグ様食品練りこみ用エマルションカード>
表4に示した配合で以下の方法にてエマルションカードを製造した。油にメチルセルロースを加えて攪拌し、メチルセルロースを油に分散させる。水とメチルセルロース分散油をカッターミキサーで5分間高速で攪拌し、ハンバーグ様食品練りこみ用エマルションカードを製造した。
<Emulsion card for kneading into hamburger-like foods>
An emulsion curd was produced using the formulation shown in Table 4 in the following manner. Methylcellulose was added to oil and stirred to disperse the methylcellulose in the oil. Water and the methylcellulose-dispersed oil were stirred at high speed with a cutter mixer for 5 minutes to produce an emulsion curd for kneading into hamburger-like foods.

ハンバーグ様食品練りこみ用水中油型乳化物の製造に使用した原料を以下に示す。
*「SYグリスターMS-5S」(阪本薬品工業(株)製):ヘキサグリセリンモノステアリン酸エステル
ハンバーグ様食品練りこみ用エマルションカードの製造に使用した原料を以下に示す。
*「メトローズMCE-100TS」(信越化学工業(株)製):メチルセルロース
The raw materials used in the production of the oil-in-water emulsion for use in kneading hamburger-like foods are shown below.
*"SY Glyster MS-5S" (manufactured by Sakamoto Yakuhin Kogyo Co., Ltd.): hexaglycerin monostearate. The raw materials used in producing the emulsion curd for kneading into hamburger steak-like foods are shown below.
* "Metolose MCE-100TS" (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.): methylcellulose

[植物原料含有代替肉加工食品(ハンバーグ様食品)の製造]
一般的なハンバーグ製品において、冷凍ハンバーグは鉄板などで加熱(一次加熱)した後に、冷凍され、その後電子レンジなどで再加熱(二次加熱)されて喫食されるため、最もジューシー感が失われやすい。本検討でも、最もジューシー感が失われやすい、冷凍ハンバーグと同じ加熱工程で評価した。
表5に示した配合にて、植物由来蛋白である粒状大豆蛋白および繊維状大豆蛋白に水を加えて十分に吸水させる。そこに、玉ねぎ、乾燥卵白、食塩を混合し、さらに前記ハンバーグ様食品練りこみ用油中水型乳化物、前記ハンバーグ様食品練りこみ用水中油型乳化物又は前記ハンバーグ様食品練りこみ用エマルションカードを加えて混合して、ハンバーグ様食品の生地を製造した。80gの円形に成型し、230℃のオーブンにて8分間加熱(一次加熱)した後、急速冷凍機を用いて凍結し、-20℃で7日間冷凍保管した。冷凍されたハンバーグ様食品を500Wの電子レンジで150秒間加熱(二次加熱)して、評価に用いた。
[Production of plant-based meat substitute processed foods (hamburger-like foods)]
In general hamburger steak products, frozen hamburger steaks are heated on a hot plate or the like (first heating), then frozen, and then reheated (second heating) in a microwave oven or the like before eating, which is why they are the most susceptible to losing their juiciness. In this study, we also evaluated them using the same heating process as frozen hamburger steaks, which are the most susceptible to losing their juiciness.
Water was added to the granular soy protein and fibrous soy protein, which are plant-derived proteins, in the formulation shown in Table 5, and the mixture was allowed to absorb water sufficiently. Onion, dried egg white, and salt were mixed thereto, and the water-in-oil emulsion for kneading into hamburger-like foods, the oil-in-water emulsion for kneading into hamburger-like foods, or the emulsion curd for kneading into hamburger-like foods were added and mixed to produce a dough for a hamburger-like food. The dough was molded into a circle of 80 g, heated in an oven at 230°C for 8 minutes (primary heating), frozen using a quick freezer, and stored frozen at -20°C for 7 days. The frozen hamburger-like food was heated in a 500W microwave oven for 150 seconds (secondary heating) and used for evaluation.

ハンバーグ様食品の製造に使用した原料を以下に示す。
*「ニューフジニック SH41」(不二製油(株)製):粒状大豆蛋白
*「アペックス 950」(不二製油(株)製):繊維状大豆蛋白
The ingredients used in producing the hamburger-like food are shown below.
* "New Fujinic SH41" (manufactured by Fuji Oil Co., Ltd.): granular soy protein * "Apex 950" (manufactured by Fuji Oil Co., Ltd.): fibrous soy protein

油脂組成物の乳化性は、低温(10℃)、常温(35℃)にて行った。評価結果は表6に示した。
<低温での油脂組成物の乳化性評価>
10℃の恒温槽で一晩保管した油脂組成物100gと水(10℃)300gを2L容量のボウルに入れ、泡立て器(家庭用ナス型、攪拌部の大きさ:長さ12cm、直径8cm)を用いて1秒間に3回の速さで攪拌し、攪拌を開始してから乳化が完了するまでの時間を評価した。乳化の完了は、直ちに水の分離がない状態とし、目視にて判断した。3分未満を◎、3分以上6分未満を○、6分以上9分未満を△、9分以上を×とした。
The emulsifiability of the oil composition was evaluated at a low temperature (10° C.) and at room temperature (35° C.). The evaluation results are shown in Table 6.
<Evaluation of emulsifying properties of oil and fat compositions at low temperatures>
100 g of the oil composition stored overnight in a thermostatic bath at 10°C and 300 g of water (10°C) were placed in a 2 L bowl and stirred at a speed of 3 times per second using a whisk (household eggplant type, stirring part size: length 12 cm, diameter 8 cm), and the time from the start of stirring to the completion of emulsification was evaluated. Completion of emulsification was judged visually as a state in which there was no immediate separation of water. Less than 3 minutes was rated as ◎, 3 to 6 minutes was rated as ○, 6 to 9 minutes was rated as △, and 9 minutes or more was rated as ×.

<常温での油脂組成物の乳化性評価>
35℃の恒温槽で一晩保管した油脂組成物100gと水(35℃)300gを2L容量のボウルに入れ、泡立て器(家庭用ナス型、攪拌部の大きさ:長さ12cm、直径8cm)を用いて1秒間に3回の速さで攪拌し、攪拌を開始してから乳化が完了するまでの時間を評価した。乳化の完了は、直ちに水の分離がない状態とし、目視にて判断した。3分未満を◎、3分以上6分未満を○、6分以上9分未満を△、9分以上を×とした。
<Evaluation of emulsifying properties of oil and fat compositions at room temperature>
100 g of the oil composition stored overnight in a thermostatic bath at 35°C and 300 g of water (35°C) were placed in a 2 L bowl and stirred at a speed of 3 times per second using a whisk (household eggplant type, stirring part size: length 12 cm, diameter 8 cm), and the time from the start of stirring to the completion of emulsification was evaluated. Completion of emulsification was judged visually as a state in which there was no immediate separation of water. Less than 3 minutes was rated as ◎, 3 to 6 minutes was rated as ○, 6 to 9 minutes was rated as △, and 9 minutes or more was rated as ×.

ハンバーグ様食品の評価は、「ジューシー感の評価(官能評価)」及び「風味の評価(官能評価)」にておこなった。評価結果は表6に示した。
<ジューシー感の評価(官能評価)>
電子レンジで加熱したハンバーグ様食品を室温で10分静置した後、実際に喫食した時のジューシー感について、8名のパネラーで、以下の評価基準で官能評価した。口の中で噛んだ際に多量の液体の流出を感じ、強くジューシー感を感じられるものを3点、口の中で噛んだ際に液体の流出を感じ、若干のジューシー感を感じられるものを2点、口の中で噛んだ際にあまり液体の流出を感じられず、あまりジューシー感を感じられないものを1点、全くジューシー感を感じられないものを0点とした。パネラー8名の平均値が、2.5点以上3.0点を◎、2.0点以上2.5点未満を○、1.5点以上2.0点未満を△、1.5点未満を×と評価した。
The hamburger steak-like food was evaluated by "evaluation of juiciness (sensory evaluation)" and "evaluation of flavor (sensory evaluation)". The evaluation results are shown in Table 6.
<Evaluation of juiciness (sensory evaluation)>
The hamburger-like food heated in a microwave oven was left to stand at room temperature for 10 minutes, and then the juiciness of the food when actually eaten was evaluated by eight panelists using the following evaluation criteria. A score of 3 was given for a large amount of liquid flowing out when chewed in the mouth and a strong juiciness was felt, a score of 2 for a slight juiciness when chewed in the mouth, a score of 1 for a little liquid flowing out when chewed in the mouth and little juiciness was felt, and a score of 0 for no juiciness at all. The average score of the eight panelists was rated as ⊚ for 2.5 to 3.0 points, ◯ for 2.0 to 2.5 points, △ for 1.5 to 2.0 points, and x for less than 1.5 points.

<ハンバーグ様食品の風味の評価(官能評価)>
電子レンジで加熱したハンバーグ様食品を室温で10分静置した後、実際に喫食した時の風味を官能評価にて評価した。官能評価においては、乳化剤特有の異味が感じられないものを3点、わずかに異味を感じるものを2点、異味を感じるものを1点とした。パネラー8名の平均値が、2.5点以上3.0点を◎、2.0点以上2.5点未満を○、1.5点以上2.0点未満を△、1.5点未満を×と評価した。
<Evaluation of the flavor of hamburger-like foods (sensory evaluation)>
The hamburger-like food heated in a microwave oven was left to stand at room temperature for 10 minutes, and the flavor when actually eaten was evaluated by sensory evaluation. In the sensory evaluation, those that did not detect any strange taste specific to the emulsifier were given a score of 3, those that detected a slight strange taste were given a score of 2, and those that detected an strange taste were given a score of 1. The average score of the eight panelists was rated as follows: 2.5 to 3.0 points was rated as ◎, 2.0 to 2.5 points was rated as ○, 1.5 to 2.0 points was rated as △, and less than 1.5 points was rated as ×.

本発明の油脂組成物を用いたハンバーグ様食品練りこみ用油中水型乳化物は、泡立て器を用いた簡単な攪拌のみで乳化物とすることでき、乳化性に優れていた。
本発明の油脂組成物を用いて製造したハンバーグ様食品練りこみ用油中水型乳化物は、ハンバーグ様食品における植物原料含有代替肉とあわさることにより乳化安定性が高くなり、一次加熱、冷凍及び二次加熱においても乳化物の乳化破壊を防止することができ、その結果、ハンバーグ様食品のジューシー感を向上させることができた。
本発明の油脂組成物を用いたハンバーグ様食品は、ジューシー感を向上させることができ、風味も良好であった。
The water-in-oil emulsion for kneading into hamburger steak-like foods using the oil and fat composition of the present invention could be made into an emulsion by simple stirring using a whisk, and had excellent emulsification properties.
The water-in-oil emulsion for kneading into hamburger steak-like foods produced using the oil and fat composition of the present invention has high emulsion stability when combined with the plant-based meat substitute in hamburger steak-like foods, and can prevent emulsion destruction even during primary heating, freezing, and secondary heating, thereby improving the juiciness of the hamburger steak-like foods.
The hamburger steak-like food using the oil and fat composition of the present invention was able to have an improved juiciness and also had a good flavor.

Claims (4)

植物原料含有代替肉加工食品に用いる油中水型乳化物の製造に使用するための油脂組成物であって、
以下の成分(A)~(B):
(A)食用油脂
(B)ポリグリセリン縮合リシノレイン酸エステル
を含み、10℃及び35℃の温度における粘度が400~100000mPa・sであり、(B)ポリグリセリン縮合リシノレイン酸エステルの含有量が10.0質量%以下である油脂組成物。
An oil and fat composition for use in producing a water-in-oil emulsion for use in a plant-based raw material-containing alternative meat processed food,
The following components (A) to (B):
An oil and fat composition comprising (A) an edible oil and fat and (B) a polyglycerol condensed ricinoleic acid ester, having a viscosity of 400 to 100,000 mPa·s at temperatures of 10°C and 35°C, and having a content of (B) the polyglycerol condensed ricinoleic acid ester of 10.0 mass% or less .
(A)食用油脂は、(a1)融点が25℃未満の食用油脂と、(a2)融点が25℃以上の食用油脂と、を含む、請求項1に記載の油脂組成物。 The oil and fat composition according to claim 1, wherein (A) the edible oil and fat comprises (a1) an edible oil and fat having a melting point of less than 25°C and (a2) an edible oil and fat having a melting point of 25°C or higher. 請求項1又は2に記載の油脂組成物を含む油中水型乳化物。 A water-in-oil emulsion comprising the oil composition according to claim 1 or 2. 請求項3に記載の油中水型乳化物を含有する植物原料含有代替肉加工食品。 A plant-based processed meat substitute food containing the water-in-oil emulsion according to claim 3.
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