JP7650851B2 - Non-toxic plant drug compositions and methods and uses thereof - Patents.com - Google Patents

Description

This application claims the benefit of priority and the filing date of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/208,662, filed August 22, 2015, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

Agriculture is of paramount importance to the world. Not only is it essential to feeding the world, but it is also economically vital to the economies of most, if not all, countries. Three factors that can affect crop yields are plant diseases, unfavorable growing conditions, and inefficient cultivation.

Losses due to infectious plant diseases can have devastating humanitarian consequences, where crop losses lead to hunger, famine and starvation. In addition, losses due to plant diseases can have significant economic consequences, reducing the income of crop producers and sellers and increasing prices for consumers. In situations where there is no or little control of infectious plant diseases, annual losses of 30% to 50% of staple crops are common. Traditional plant protection technologies, mainly pesticides, have improved agricultural productivity. However, the use of pesticides is disadvantageous due to negative impacts, such as increased costs for consumers and reduced income for crop producers and sellers. Furthermore, there is growing social concern regarding the adverse effects of pesticides on the environment. Therefore, preventing plant diseases in agriculturally important crops is crucial to improve crop yields.

In addition, crop plants integrated into various ecosystems around the world are exposed to unfavourable growing conditions that adversely affect the health and vitality of the plants. Such less than ideal conditions are usually due to soil or climatic conditions or various stresses including extremes of temperature, unfavourable relations between moisture and oxygen, toxic substances in the soil or atmosphere and excess or deficiency of essential minerals. Even under favourable growing conditions, such factors may reduce crop productivity to a greater or lesser extent. Therefore, improving the growing conditions of agriculturally important crops is crucial to increase crop yields.

Finally, the decline in agricultural land area due to an increase in the world population increases the pressure to not only optimize crop productivity but also to increase cultivation efficiency. Moreover, if the global population growth accelerates and agricultural land area continues to decline, the need to increase crop yields will only increase. Therefore, increasing the productivity of agriculturally important crops is essential to improve crop yields.

Therefore, there is a great need for treatment methods that promote plant health and vitality and are not harmful to the environment, regardless of whether the plants are stressed by plant disease, poor growing conditions, or whether the plants are healthy and/or growing under favorable conditions but still require improved cultivation efficiency and productivity. Such treatment methods should also reduce, if not completely eliminate, the use of pesticides to protect human welfare and the environment.

Aspects of the present specification disclose plant drug compositions. The plant drug compositions of the present disclosure include a treated fermented microbial supernatant and one or more nonionic surfactants. The plant drug compositions of the present disclosure may further include one or more anionic surfactants. The plant drug compositions of the present disclosure are biodegradable and non-toxic to humans, mammals, plants, and the environment.

Aspects of the present specification disclose a plant medicine kit. The plant medicine kit of the present disclosure includes a plant medicine composition disclosed herein and instructions on how to use the composition to improve or optimize the health and/or vitality of a plant.

Aspects of the present specification disclose a method for controlling a plant disease. The disclosed method includes applying an effective amount of a plant pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein to one or more plants and/or one or more loci where control of the plant disease is desired.

Aspects of the present specification disclose methods for increasing plant growth and/or fruit production. The disclosed methods include applying an effective amount of a plant pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein to one or more plants and/or one or more loci where increased plant growth and/or fruit production is desired.

Aspects of the present specification disclose the use of a plant pharmaceutical composition for controlling plant diseases. The use of the present disclosure includes applying the plant pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein to one or more plants and/or one or more loci where control of plant diseases is desired.

Aspects of the present specification disclose the use of a plant drug composition to increase plant growth and/or fruit production. The use of the present disclosure includes applying an effective amount of a plant drug composition disclosed herein to one or more plants and/or one or more loci where increased plant growth and/or fruit production is desired.

Detailed Description
A plant becomes sick when it is constantly disturbed by some pathogen that results in abnormal physiological processes that interfere with its normal structure, growth, function or other activities. Such interference with one or more of the plant's essential physiological or biochemical systems induces a characteristic pathology or symptom. Plant diseases are caused by pathogenic organisms such as fungi, bacteria, mycoplasma, viruses, viroids, nematodes, etc. Infectious pathogens are contagious and can reproduce within their host and spread from one susceptible host to another. Plant diseases can be broadly classified according to the nature of their primary pathogen. Such primary pathogens include viruses, as well as microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria, and animals such as nematodes. However, one of the complications in treating plant diseases caused by such primary pathogens is that the pathogen is usually protected from the environment by some structure. Such defense structures are not only essential to maintain the health of the pathogen, but also serve to shield it from compounds designed to destroy it.

The complete virus particle, known as a virion, consists of nucleic acid surrounded by a protective protein coat called the capsid. The capsid surrounds the genetic material of the virus and is made up of multiple oligomeric protein subunits called protomers. Some viruses are enveloped, meaning that the capsid is surrounded by a lipid membrane known as the viral envelope. This envelope secures the capsid from intracellular membranes of the viral host, such as the inner nuclear membrane, the Golgi membrane, and the outer membrane of the cell.

Microorganisms, such as bacteria, mycoplasmas (bacteria without a bacterial wall), and certain fungi, secrete polymeric aggregates of biopolymers, typically consisting of extracellular nucleic acids, proteins, and polysaccharides, which form a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Cells become embedded in this EPS matrix and adhere to each other and to any living or non-living surface to form sessile microbial communities called biofilms or slime layers. Biofilm colonies can also form on solid substrates that are immersed in or exposed to aqueous solutions, or as floating mats on liquid surfaces.

There are five stages in the development of biofilms: initial attachment, irreversible attachment, maturation I, maturation II and dispersion. Biofilm formation begins with the attachment of planktonic free-floating microorganisms to a surface. This initial anchorage initially adheres to the surface via weak reversible adhesion forces due to van der Waals forces. If this anchorage does not detach from the surface within a short time, it becomes permanently fixed (irreversible attachment) by secretion of EPS matrix and formation of cell adhesion structures such as pili. Once colonization begins, the biofilm grows by a combination of cell division and new recruitment of embedded microorganisms (maturity I and II). In addition to extracellular biopolymers secreted by microorganisms, biofilms can also incorporate materials from the surrounding environment, including but not limited to minerals, soil particles and biological components. Maturation I and II are the stages where the biofilm is established and can only change in shape and size. The final stage of biofilm formation is known as dispersion, during which microorganisms are released from the biofilm and enter the planktonic growth phase where they disperse and settle on new surfaces.

Microorganisms living in biofilms are physiologically different from planktonic, free-floating microorganisms of the same species, and have very different properties. One of the reasons for this difference is that biofilms protect microorganisms from the environment and allow them to cooperate and interact in various ways. For example, biofilms have been shown to increase the resistance of microorganisms to detergents and antibiotics. Furthermore, horizontal gene transfer is much easier in biofilms, which increases the stability of the biofilm structure. In addition, microorganisms in biofilms can communicate with each other through quorum sensing (QS) using products such as N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs). Thus, biofilms play an essential and crucial role in protecting microorganisms by isolating them from potentially dangerous interactions with the environment.

Organisms larger than microbes are also protected from the environment by structures. Nematodes have a polymeric proteinaceous extracellular matrix, the cuticle. The cuticle of nematodes is formed when a layer of mostly multinucleated epithelial cells, called the hypodermis, secretes a variety of proteins from its apical membrane, which are then extensively cross-linked by peroxidases at the outer surface of the hypodermis to form the cuticle. The main components of this flexible cuticle are members of the collagen superfamily and the highly cross-linked, insoluble protein cuticulin. Covering the cuticle is a lipid-rich three-layered epicuticle, which is itself surrounded by a negatively charged envelope (or glycocalyx) rich in loosely bound glycoproteins. This multifunctional extracellular structure provides an impermeable barrier that protects the nematode from desiccation and pathogenic infection, as well as a structural framework that maintains the morphology and integrity of the nematode's body, prevents mechanical damage from environmental insults, and allows locomotion via attachment to body wall muscles. Thus, the nematode cuticle plays an essential and crucial role in maintaining the integrity of the nematode and its interaction with the environment.

Thus, the defense mechanisms of primary pathogens of plant diseases, such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, and nematodes, are not only essential for the survival of these pathogens, but also protect them from the environment. Therefore, treatment methods that interfere with or destroy the defense mechanisms of primary pathogens of plant diseases would be extremely beneficial.

Plants or green plants are multicellular eukaryotic organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae and forming the phylum Chlorophyta. Green plants include flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms, ferns, club mosses, hornworts, liverworts, mosses and green algae, but exclude red algae, brown algae, fungi, archaea, bacteria and animals. Plants are characterized by obtaining most of their energy from sunlight by photosynthesis using chloroplasts, which contain chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, giving them a green color. Plants are also characterized by thick cell walls of cellulose, central storage vacuoles, plastids for storing pigments, sexual reproduction, modular and indeterminate growth and alternation of generations, although asexual reproduction is also common.

A typical plant is structurally composed of two main compartments: the root system and the shoot system. The root system is usually located underground and includes the taproot, lateral roots, and modified stem structures such as tubers and rhizomes. This system functions to anchor the plant in the soil, absorb water and nutrients from the soil, transport water and nutrients throughout the plant, store food, and secrete certain hormones. The shoot system is usually located above ground and includes the stem, leaves, and reproductive organs. This system functions to elevate the plant above the soil, photosynthesize, reproduce, transport water and nutrients throughout the plant, store food, and secrete certain hormones.

Plants that have vascular tissue to distribute resources throughout the plant are called vascular plants. Vascular plants, also known as tracheophytes, are defined as terrestrial plants that have lignified vascular tissue (xylem) that conducts water and minerals throughout the plant, and specialized non-lignified vascular tissue (phloem) that conducts photosynthates. Vascular plants include club mosses, horsetails, ferns, gymnosperms (including conifers), and angiosperms (flowering plants). Scientific names for this group include Tracheophyta and Tracheobionta.

Xylem is a vascular tissue composed of dead cells at maturity. Xylem transports xylem sap unidirectionally from the roots throughout the plant. Xylem sap contains water, soluble inorganic nutrients and inorganic ions, and may contain several other organic chemicals. Movement of xylem sap within the xylem is passive and depends on capillary action, which creates a force that establishes an equilibrium arrangement against gravity. This capillary action occurs primarily through two mechanisms: transpiration suction and root pressure. Transpiration suction is due to the evaporation of water from the leaf cell surfaces, which creates surface tension that creates a negative pressure within the xylem that is sufficient to draw xylem sap up from the roots and soil. Root pressure is due to the higher solute concentration and more negative water potential in the root cells than in the soil, which creates a positive osmotic pressure that moves the xylem sap up the xylem toward the leaves.

The phloem contains living vascular tissue consisting of 1) conducting cells that form tubes and are called sieve elements; 2) parenchyma cells, which contain both specialized companion or protein cells and non-specialized cells; and 3) supporting cells, such as fibers and sclerenchyma cells, that provide mechanical support. Sieve elements lack nuclei and few organelles, and therefore depend on companion or protein cells for most of their metabolic needs. The phloem transports photosynthates (or sap) produced in the photosynthetic regions of the plant (mainly the leaves) in multiple directions to any other parts of the plant that need it, particularly non-photosynthetic parts of the plant, such as the roots, or storage structures, such as tubers or bulbs. Photosynthates are aqueous solutions rich in sugars and other soluble organic nutrients produced during the photosynthetic process. The movement of photosynthates within the phloem is driven by positive hydrostatic pressure. This process is called translocation and is carried out by a process called phloem unloading. Cells in the sugar source "load" the sieve tube elements by actively transporting solute molecules into them. This causes water to move into the phloem elements by osmosis, creating pressure that pushes down on the sap in the tubes. In the sugar receptors, cells actively transport solutes out of the phloem elements to create the opposite effect.

The root system is a plant organ that usually lies below the soil surface. Structurally, the root is composed of the epidermis, cortex, endodermis, endothelium, and vascular system. The epidermis is the outer cell layer. The cortex is the main structural tissue of the root, bounded on the outside by the epidermis and on the inside by the endothelium. The endodermis is the tissue that separates the cortex from the endothelium, from which the lateral roots (or forks) arise. The central part of the root is the vascular tissue, which is made up of xylem and phloem. The root system includes the taproot, lateral roots, and root hairs and is divided into three growth zones. The maturation zone is the part of the root system that includes the mature parts of the taproot, lateral roots, and root hairs that absorb water and nutrients from the soil and transport them through the xylem into the shoot system. The elongation zone is where newly divided cells enlarge. The division zone is made up of the root apical meristem and the root cap, and is the region where cell division and new cell growth occurs.

Root hairs are single absorptive cell elongations of the root epidermal cells. These tiny hair-like structures function as the primary site of water and mineral uptake. Associated with the root hairs are beneficial microorganisms that form a beneficial symbiotic relationship with the plant. Mycorrhizae are soil fungi that are thought to increase the contact area between the root and the soil surface, thus enhancing water and nutrient uptake. Rhizobia are a type of soil bacteria that convert atmospheric nitrogen into a plant-available form, usually by forming nodules on the plant's roots.

Proper transport of both xylem sap and photosynthates is essential for plant survival. Therefore, enhancing this transport process benefits plant health. For example, improved absorption in root hairs increases the amount of water, minerals and other nutrients required for plant growth. In the same way, improved flow of xylem sap and photosynthates within vascular tissues allows for more effective and efficient synthesis of compounds and energy required to maintain and continue plant growth.

In contrast, any disturbance that impedes or disrupts the movement of xylem sap and photosynthates will affect the health of the plant. For example, high temperature, high humidity, darkness, or drought can disrupt transpiration suction, greatly reducing the negative water pressure in the xylem and disrupting xylem sap flow. Similarly, unfavorable environmental conditions can disrupt root pressure by impeding root hair uptake of water and nutrients, greatly reducing the positive water pressure in the xylem and disrupting xylem sap flow. As another example, disruption of photosynthate flow in the phloem can disrupt nutrient distribution. In either of the above cases, such disruption of flow can lead to wilting, death, stunted growth, reduced fertility, and increased susceptibility to plant diseases and unfavorable environmental conditions. In agricultural terms, such disruption of flow ultimately leads to reduced crop yields. Thus, treatments that promote, maintain, or enhance xylem sap and photosynthate flow in the xylem and phloem, respectively, would be extremely beneficial.

Irrigation is the artificial application of water to land or soil. Irrigation is used in arid regions to grow crops, maintain the landscape, and promote revegetation of disturbed soils during periods of insufficient rainfall. Irrigation also has several other uses in crop production, such as protecting plants from frost, suppressing weed growth, and preventing soil compaction. In contrast, agriculture that relies solely on direct rainfall is called rain-fed or dryland agriculture.

The aim of irrigation is to provide an even distribution of water throughout the field so that each plant receives only the amount it needs, neither too much nor too little. Overhead or sprinkler irrigation is where water is distributed under high pressure through a network of pipes to one or more central locations within the field and then sprayed by overhead sprinklers or spray guns. Alternatively, sprinklers can be mounted on platforms that can be moved manually or automatically to different areas of the field. Types of overhead irrigation include center pivot irrigation, mobile sprinkler irrigation, lateral moving irrigation and wheel line irrigation. Local irrigation is where water is distributed under low pressure through a network of pipes in a defined pattern and then sprayed in small amounts on each plant or adjacent plants. Types of local irrigation include drip irrigation, spray or microsprinkler irrigation and bubbler irrigation. Local irrigation is the most efficient use of water as it provides only the amount of water needed and minimizes evaporation and runoff.

Most commercially available residential irrigation systems are "in-ground" systems, meaning everything is buried underground. With hidden pipes, sprinklers, emitters, and irrigation valves, there are no watering hoses or other tools that need to be moved by hand, and they result in a cleaner, more aesthetically pleasing landscape. However, this creates some disadvantages to maintaining a fully buried system.

Irrigation can experience several problems. For example, overhead and local irrigation system piping networks can become clogged with algae and other microorganisms that grow and form biofilms, resulting in water distribution problems. This poor water distribution can result in unfavorable growing conditions that can adversely affect plant health and vitality. For example, inconsistent water distribution can result in uneven distribution of even water resulting in under- or over-irrigation of some fields, under-irrigation can increase soil salinity leading to the deposition of harmful salts on the soil surface, under- or over-irrigation can result in crop failure, and the spread of plant diseases. Therefore, treatments that can promote, maintain, or enhance water flow in local and overhead irrigation systems would be extremely beneficial.

Without wishing to be bound by theory, the plant drug compositions disclosed herein dissolve, disperse, or otherwise destroy one or more components of the defense structures present on pathogens of plant diseases, such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, and nematodes, thereby causing the death of the pathogen by disrupting one or more essential physiological processes. This mechanism of action is related to the ability of the plant drug compositions disclosed herein to disrupt, such as rupture, the lipid-based membrane epicuticular layer of viral capsids, microbial biofilms, and nematode cuticles. The method of applying the disclosed plant drug compositions is carried out by external exposure, either by direct application to the pathogen, indirectly by treating the site where the pathogen is exposed to the disclosed plant drug compositions, or by any other method of exposing the pathogen to the disclosed plant drug compositions, such that one or more components of the defense structures present on the pathogen are sufficiently destroyed and then the pathogen is killed by disruption of an essential physiological process.

Furthermore, without wishing to be bound by theory, the plant pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein improve absorption by root hairs, improve xylem sap flow through the xylem, and improve photosynthate flow in the phloem, resulting in improved water and nutrient transport that maintains and/or enhances plant health and vitality. This mechanism of action is related to the ability of the plant pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein to increase absorption of water, minerals and other nutrients from the soil, increase capillary action and/or hydrostatic pressure in the xylem, and/or increase the synthesis of compounds and energy, thereby maintaining and continuing plant growth and/or enhancing plant health and vitality. The method of applying the disclosed plant pharmaceutical compositions is carried out by external exposure, by direct application to the plant, indirectly by treating the site where the plant is exposed to the disclosed plant pharmaceutical composition, or by any other method of exposing the plant to the disclosed plant pharmaceutical composition, so that absorption of water, minerals and other nutrients is improved, transport of the above materials throughout the plant is improved, and/or synthesis of compounds and energy necessary to maintain and continue plant growth is improved.

Similarly, without wishing to be bound by theory, the plant pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure dissolves, disperses, or otherwise removes one or more components that inhibit xylem sap flow in the xylem and/or photosynthate flow in the phloem, thereby resulting in improved water and nutrient transport that maintains and/or enhances plant health and vitality. This mechanism of action is related to the ability of the plant pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein to dissolve or otherwise remove one or more components that inhibit xylem and phloem flow paths. The method of applying the disclosed plant pharmaceutical composition is carried out by external exposure, by direct application to the plant, indirectly by treating the location where the plant is exposed to the disclosed plant pharmaceutical composition, or by any other method of exposing the plant to the disclosed plant pharmaceutical composition, such that one or more components that inhibit xylem sap flow and/or photosynthate flow are sufficiently disrupted and then water and nutrient transport is improved throughout the plant. In one embodiment, the one or more components that inhibit xylem sap flow and/or photosynthate flow include a biofilm.

Furthermore, without wishing to be bound by theory, the plant drug composition of the present disclosure dissolves, disperses, or otherwise removes one or more components that inhibit water flow in the pipeline network of an irrigation system, thereby resulting in improved water distribution that maintains and/or enhances plant health and vitality. This mechanism of action is related to the ability of the plant drug composition disclosed herein to dissolve or otherwise remove one or more components that inhibit the pipeline network. The method of applying the disclosed plant drug composition is carried out by external exposure, by direct application to the pipeline network of an irrigation system, or by any other method of exposing the pipeline network to the plant drug composition of the present disclosure, such that one or more components that inhibit the pipeline network are sufficiently removed and then water transport throughout the pipeline network is improved. In one embodiment, the one or more components that inhibit the pipeline network include a biofilm.

Regardless of the theory of operation, the plant drug compositions and methods and uses disclosed herein provide an alternative to relying on chemicals that are toxic to humans and the environment. Instead, the plant drug compositions and methods and uses disclosed herein act by utilizing innate processes to improve the absorption and transport of raw materials, as well as the synthesis of compounds and energy to sustain growth. Similarly, the plant drug compositions and methods and uses disclosed herein act by utilizing the vulnerability of the pathogen itself to one or more components of its environment that inhibit xylem sap flow and/or photosynthate flow in the plant, or one or more components that inhibit water flow in an irrigation system. Additionally, the components of the plant drug compositions disclosed herein have been shown to be substantially non-toxic to humans and livestock, and to have minimal adverse effects on wildlife and the environment.

Aspects of the present specification disclose, in part, a plant drug composition. The plant drug composition disclosed herein includes a treated fermentation microbial supernatant and one or more nonionic surfactants. The treated fermentation microbial supernatant is free of any live microorganisms, such as yeast or bacteria, free of any active enzymes or activatable proenzymes, and free of any enzymatic activity. Furthermore, the plant drug composition itself is free of any live microorganisms, such as yeast or bacteria, free of any active enzymes or activatable proenzymes, and free of any enzymatic activity.

In one aspect of this embodiment, the plant drug composition disclosed herein comprises, for example, about 75% to about 99% of the treated fermentation microbial supernatant and about 1% to 25% of one or more nonionic surfactants. In another aspect of this embodiment, the plant drug composition disclosed herein comprises, for example, about 80% to about 97% of the treated fermentation microbial supernatant and about 3% to 20% of one or more nonionic surfactants. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the plant drug composition disclosed herein comprises, for example, about 85% to about 95% of the treated fermentation microbial supernatant and about 5% to 15% of one or more nonionic surfactants. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the plant drug composition disclosed herein comprises, for example, about 87% to about 93% of the treated fermentation microbial supernatant and about 7% to 13% of one or more nonionic surfactants. In another aspect of this embodiment, the plant drug composition disclosed herein comprises, for example, about 88% to about 92% of the treated fermentation microbial supernatant and about 8% to 12% of one or more non-ionic surfactants. In another aspect of this embodiment, the plant drug composition disclosed herein comprises, for example, about 89% to about 91% of the treated fermentation microbial supernatant and about 9% to 11% of one or more non-ionic surfactants.

Aspects of the present specification disclose, in part, a fermentation microbial supernatant. The fermentation microbial supernatant disclosed herein can be prepared by culturing a yeast strain, a bacterial strain, or a combination of both yeast and bacterial strains in a fermentation medium comprising a sugar source, malt, and a magnesium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, only a single yeast strain is used in the fermentation medium. In another aspect of this embodiment, two or more different yeast strains are used in the fermentation medium. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, only a single bacterial strain is used in the fermentation medium. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, two or more different bacterial strains are used in the fermentation medium. In another aspect of this embodiment, one or more different yeast strains are used in the fermentation medium with one or more different bacteria. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, two, three, four, five or more different yeast strains are used in the fermentation medium with two, three, four, five or more different bacteria.

Sugar sources include, but are not limited to, sucrose from molasses, cane raw sugar, soybean or mixtures thereof. Molasses generally contains up to about 50% sucrose in addition to reducing sugars such as glucose, as well as maltase and ash, organic non-sugars and small amounts of water. The presence of the types of sugars present in molasses is important to promote the activity of the enzymes and the yeasts that produce them. Unprocessed cane molasses is the preferred natural source of the raw materials required for enzymatic fermentation, although other molasses such as sugar beet molasses, barrel molasses, etc. may also be used. The amount of molasses useful in preparing the fermentation media disclosed herein is about 40% to about 80% by weight, preferably about 55% to about 75% by weight. It will be appreciated that the specific amount of molasses used may be varied to obtain the optimum composition desired.

Cane raw sugar is a sugar product that is not refined and contains residual molasses and other natural impurities. Although not clearly understood, the presence of raw sugar in the fermentation reaction has been found to significantly improve properties compared to the use of refined sugar, which contains residual chemicals used in decolorization and final purification and refinement that may have some adverse effects on yeast and malt enzymes. It has been found that the optimal biological and enzymatic properties of the fermentation medium of the present disclosure are improved when raw sugar is included as part of the fermentation raw material present in the mixture. The amount of cane raw sugar useful in preparing the fermentation medium disclosed herein can be from about 10% to about 40% by weight, preferably from about 10% to about 30% by weight. It will be understood that the specific amount of cane raw sugar used may be varied to obtain the optimal composition desired.

The essential enzymes that favorably contribute to the fermentation reaction are provided by malt and yeast and/or bacteria. The specific malt used is preferably saccharifying malt, which contains enzymes including diastase, maltase and amylase. It is also believed that the malt improves the activity of the yeast and/or bacteria, in addition to contributing to the overall potency and activity of the enzyme composition in the final product mixture. The amount of malt useful in preparing the fermentation medium disclosed herein can be from about 3% to about 15% by weight, preferably from about 7% to about 12% by weight. It will be understood that the specific amount of malt used can be varied to obtain the optimum composition desired.

Fermentation is the metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and other complex organic substances into simpler substances such as sugars, acids, gases or alcohol. Fermentation is observed in yeasts, bacteria and molds. Fermentation is classified as ethanol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation. Lactic acid fermentation can be classified as homolactic fermentation or heterolactic fermentation.

Yeast refers to any fermenting fungus capable of producing the enzymes required for the fermentation reaction, for example, to convert carbohydrates into carbon dioxide and alcohol. There are several enzymes produced by active yeast during the fermentation reaction, both hydrolases and oxidases, such as invertase, catalase, lactase, maltase, carboxylase, etc. There are yeast strains useful for food processing fermentation, for example, soybean fermentation, dough fermentation, grain fermentation, vegetable fermentation, fruit fermentation, honey fermentation, dairy fermentation, fish fermentation, meat fermentation and tea fermentation. A non-exhaustive list of specific yeast genera useful in the fermentation reactions disclosed herein includes, but is not limited to, the genera Brettanomyces, Candida, Cyberlindnera, Cystofilobasidium, Debaryomyces, Dekkera, and the like. a), Fusarium, Geotrichum, Issatchenkia, Kazachstania, Kloeckera, Kluyveromyces, Lecanicillium, Mucor, Neurospora ospora), Pediococcus, Penicillium, Pichia, Rhizopus, Rhodosporidium, Rhodotorula, Saccharomyces, Schizosaccharomyces yces, Thrichosporon, Torulaspora, Torulopsis, Verticillium, Yarrowia, Zygosaccharomyces and Zygotorulaspora. A non-exhaustive list of specific yeast species useful in the fermentation reactions disclosed herein includes, but is not limited to, B. anomalus, B. bruxellensis, B. claussenii, B. custersianus, B. spp. B. naardenensis, B. nanus, C. colliculosa, C. exiguas, C. humicola, C. kefir, C. krusei, C. milleri, C. mycoderma, C. pelliculosa, C. rugose, C. stellate, C. tropicalis, C. utilis, C. C. valida, C. vini, C. zeylanoides, Cb. murakii, Cs. infilmominiatum, D. hansenii, D. kloeckeri, Dk. anomala, Dk. bruxellensis, F. domesticum, G. candidum, I. orientalis, K. exigua, K. K.unispora, Kl. africana, Kl.apis, Kl.javanica, Ku.lactis, Ku.marxianus, Ku.marxianus, L.lecanii, M.hiemalis, M.plumbeus, M.racemosus, M.racemosus, N.intermedia, P. P. cerevisiae, Pn. album, Pn. camemberti, Pn. caseifulvum, Pn. chrysogenum, Pn. commune, Pn. nalgiovense, Pn. roqueforti, Pn. solitum, Pi. fermentans, R. microspores, Rs. Rs. infirmomiatum, Rt. glutinis, Rt. minuta, Rt. rubra, S. bayanus, S. boulardii, S. carlsbergensis, S. cerevisiae, S. eubayanus, S. paradoxus, S. pastorianus, S. rouzii, S. uvarum, Sc. pombe, Th. beigelii, T. delbrueckii, T. franciscae, T. pretoriensis, T. microellipsoides, T. globosa, T. indica, T. maleeae, T. quercum, To. versatilis, V. lecanii, Y. lipolytica, Z. These include Z. bailii, Z. bisporus, Z. cidri, Z. fermentati, Z. florentinus, Z. kombuchaensis, Z. lentus, Z. mellis, Z. microellipsoides, Z. mrakii, Z. pseudorouxii and Z. rouxii and Zt. florentina. A preferred yeast is Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is commonly available as baker's yeast.

Bacteria refers to any fermentation bacteria capable of producing the enzymes necessary for a fermentation reaction in which an alcohol, such as ethanol, or an acid, such as acetic acid, lactic acid, and/or succinic acid, is produced. A non-exhaustive list of specific bacterial genera useful in the fermentation reactions disclosed herein includes, but is not limited to, the genera Acetobacter, Arthrobacter, Aerococcus, Bacillus, Bifidobacterium, Brachybacterium, Brevibacterium, Barnobacterium, Caenorhabditis cerevisiae, and the like. Carnobacterium, Corynebacterium, Enterococcus, Escherichia, Gluconacetobacter, Gluconobacter, Hafnia, Halomonas, Kocuria, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus ococcus), Leuconostoc, Macrococcus, Microbacterium, Micrococcus, Neisseria, Oenococcus, Pediococcus, Propionibacterium, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Cyclobacterium, Examples of species of bacteria useful in the fermentation reactions disclosed herein include, but are not limited to, A. aceti, A. fabarum, A. lactic acid bacteria ... A. lovaniensis, A. malorum, A. orientalis, A. pasteurianus, A. pasteurianus, A. pomorum, A. syzygii, A. tropicalis, Ar. arilaitensis, Ar. bergerei, Ar. globiformis, Ar. nicotianae, Ar. Ar. variabilis, B. cereus, B. coagulans, B. licheniformis, B. pumilus, B. sphaericus, B. stearothermophilus, B. subtilis, B. adolescentis, B. animalis, B. bifidum, B. breve, B. infantis, B. lactis, B. longum, B. pseudolongum, B. thermophilum, Br. alimentarium, Br. alimentarium, Br. tyrofermentans, Br. tyrofermentans, Bv. aurantiacum, Bv. casei, Bv. linens, C. divergens, C. maltaromaticum, C. pisticola, C. ammoniagenes, Co. casei, Co. flavescens, Co. mooreparkense, Co. variabile, E. faecalis, E. faecium, G. azotocaptans, G. diazotrophicus, G. entanii, G. G. europaeus, G. hansenii, G. johannae, G. oboediens, G. xylinus, Gl. oxydans, H. alvei, Hl. elongate, K. rhizophila, K. rhizophila, K. varians, K. varians, L. acetotolerans, L. L. acidifarinae, L. acidipiscis, L. alimentarius, L. brevis, L. bucheri, L. cacaonum, L. casei, L. cellobiosus, L. collinoides, L. composti, L. coryniformis, L. crispatus, L. curvatus, L. L. delbrueckii, L. dextrinicus, L. diolivorans, L. fabifermentans, L. farciminis, L. fermentum, L. gasseri, L. ghanensis, L. hammesii, L. harbinensis, L. helveticus, L. hilgardii, L. L. homohiochii, L. jensenii, L. johnsonii, L. kefiranofaciens, L. kefiri, L. kimchi, L. kisonensis, L. kunkeei, L. mali, L. manihotivorans, L. mindensis, L. mucosae, L. nagelii, L. L. namuresis, L. nantesis, L. nodensis, L. oeni, L. otakiensis, L. panis, L. parabrevis, L. parabuchneri, L. paracasei, L. parakefiri, L. paralimentarius, L. paraplantarum, L. pentosus, L. L. perolens, L. plantarum, L. pobujihii, L. pontis, L. rapi, L. reuteri, L. rhamnosus, L. rossiae, L. sakei, L. salivarius, L. sanfranciscensis, L. satsumensis, L. secaliphilus, L. senmaizukei, L. L. siliginis, L. similis, L. spikeri, L. suebicus, L. sunkii, L. tucceti, L. vaccinostercus, L. versmoldesis, L. yamanashiensis, Lc. lactis, Lc. raffinolactis, Le. carnosum, Le. citreum, Le. Le. fallax, Le. holzapfelii, Le. inhae, Le. kimchi, Le. lactis, Le. mesenteroides, Le. palmae, Le. pseudomesenteroides, M. caseolyticus, Mb. foliorum, Mb. gubbeenense, Mc. luteus, Mc. Mc. lylae, P. acidilactici, P. pentosaceus, P. acidipropionici, P. früdenreichii, P. jensenii, P. thoenii, Pr. vulgaris, Ps. fluorescens, Py. celer, S. carnosus, S. condiment, S. equorum, S. fleurettii, S. piscifermentans, S. saphrophyticus, S. sciuri, S. simulans, S. succinus, S. vitulinus, S. warneri, S. xylosus, St. cremoris, St. gallolyticus, St. salivarius, St. Examples of the genus St. thermophiles, St. griseus, T. halophilus, T. koreensis, W. beninensis, W. cibaria, W. fabaria, W. ghanesis, W. koreensis, W. paramesenteroides, W. thailandensis, and Z. mobilis.

Mold refers to any fermenting mold capable of producing the enzymes necessary for a fermentation reaction in which an alcohol, such as ethanol, or an acid, such as acetic acid, lactic acid, and/or succinic acid, is produced. A non-exhaustive list of specific mold genera useful in the fermentation reactions disclosed herein includes, but is not limited to, Aspergillus. A non-exhaustive list of specific mold species useful in the fermentation reactions disclosed herein includes, but is not limited to, A. acidus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. oryzae, and A. sojae.

It will be appreciated that the actual amount of the various types of enzymes produced will depend on several factors, including the type of molasses and sugar used to prepare the fermentation mixture. Again, however, it is believed that the use of molasses and raw sugar will provide optimal enzyme production and activity. In one embodiment, the amount of yeast useful in preparing the fermentation media disclosed herein may be from about 0.2% to about 5% by weight, preferably from about 1% to about 3% by weight. It will be appreciated that the specific amount of yeast used may be varied to obtain the optimal composition desired.

The presence of small amounts of inorganic catalysts such as magnesium salts enhances the activity of the enzymes to attack and decompose organic waste materials during the fermentation reaction as well as in the subsequent product composition. A preferred magnesium salt is magnesium sulfate. The amount of magnesium salt useful in preparing the fermentation media disclosed herein can be from about 0.1% to about 5% by weight, preferably from about 1% to about 3% by weight. It will be understood that the specific amount of magnesium salt used can be varied to obtain the optimum composition desired.

To prepare the fermentation microbial supernatant, molasses, sucrose and magnesium salts are added to a suitable amount of warm water. The specific amount of water used is not critical, but a suitable amount of water is usually about 2 to about 20 times the total weight of the other components of the fermentation medium used in the fermentation reaction. This amount of water is sufficient to facilitate mixing, activate the yeast, bacteria and/or molds, and dissolve other ingredients. In addition, the water temperature should not be too high, since heat will inactivate the malt and yeast enzymes necessary for fermentation. For this reason, water temperatures above about 65°C, for example, should be avoided, with preferred temperatures being about 25°C to about 45°C. The use of cold water should be avoided if a fast reaction rate is desired, since it can excessively slow down the fermentation reaction rate. After the molasses, sugar and magnesium salts are efficiently mixed and dissolved, the malt and yeast are added, the mixture is stirred and allowed to age until fermentation is substantially complete. The reaction time can be about 2 to about 5 days at a temperature of about 20°C to about 45°C. Completion can be easily confirmed by confirming that the reaction mixture has substantially ceased to foam. At the end of the fermentation reaction, the fermenting microbial culture is centrifuged to remove any "sludge" formed during the fermentation process. The resulting fermentation supernatant (usually about 90% to about 98% by weight) is collected and subjected to further processing.

The fermentation microbial supernatant contains bionutrients, minerals and amino acids. Bionutrients are typically present in an amount of about 0.01% to about 1% of the total weight of the fermentation microbial supernatant. Individual bionutrients are typically present in an amount of about 0.00001% to about 0.01% of the total weight of the fermentation microbial supernatant. Examples of bionutrients include, but are not limited to, biotin, folic acid, glucans such as α-glucan and β-glucan, niacin, insotil, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, riboflavin and thiamine. In aspects of this embodiment, the fermented microbial supernatant disclosed herein comprises, for example, about 0.00001% to about 0.0011% biotin, about 0.0006% to about 0.016% folic acid, about 0.005% to about 15% niacin, about 0.01% to about 1% insotil, about 0.00017% to about 0.017% pantothenic acid, about 0.0006% to about 0.016% pyrodoxine, about 0.002% to about 0.023% riboflavin, and about 0.001% to about 0.02% thiamine. In other aspects of this embodiment, the fermented microbial supernatant disclosed herein contains, for example, about 0.00006% to about 0.0006% biotin, about 0.001% to about 0.011% folic acid, about 0.01% to about 0.1% niacin, about 0.08% to about 0.18% insotil, about 0.002% to about 0.012% pantothenic acid, about 0.001% to about 0.011% pyrodoxine, about 0.007% to about 0.017% riboflavin, and about 0.003% to about 0.013% thiamine. In another aspect of this embodiment, the fermented microbial supernatant disclosed herein contains, for example, about 0.00012% to about 0.0006% biotin, about 0.001% to about 0.011% folic acid, about 0.01% to about 0.1% niacin, about 0.08% to about 0.18% insotil, about 0.003% to about 0.013% pantothenic acid, about 0.001% to about 0.011% pyrodoxine, about 0.008% to about 0.017% riboflavin, and about 0.003% to about 0.013% thiamine. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the fermented microbial supernatant disclosed herein contains, for example, about 0.00009% to about 0.0003% biotin, about 0.004% to about 0.008% folic acid, about 0.03% to about 0.07% niacin, about 0.11% to about 0.15% insotil, about 0.006% to about 0.01% pantothenic acid, about 0.004% to about 0.008% pyrodoxine, about 0.01% to about 0.014% riboflavin, and about 0.006% to about 0.010% thiamine.

Minerals are typically present in an amount of about 0.1% to about 20% of the total weight of the fermentation microbial supernatant. Individual minerals are typically present in an amount of about 0.0001% to about 5% of the total weight of the fermentation microbial supernatant. Examples of minerals include, but are not limited to, calcium, chromium, copper, iron, magnesium, phosphate, potassium, sodium, and zinc. In aspects of this embodiment, the fermented microbial supernatant disclosed herein comprises, for example, about 0.02% to about 0.3% calcium, about 0.000002% to about 0.0016% chromium, about 0.000009% to about 0.0014% copper, about 0.00005% to about 0.02% iron, about 0.001% to about 1.3% magnesium, about 0.2% to about 14% phosphate, about 0.4% to about 16% potassium, about 0.2% to about 15% sodium, and about 0.08% to about 13% zinc. In other aspects of this embodiment, the fermented microbial supernatant disclosed herein contains, for example, about 0.07% to about 0.21% calcium, about 0.000007% to about 0.0011% chromium, about 0.00004% to about 0.0009% copper, about 0.0001% to about 0.015% iron, about 0.005% to about 0.9% magnesium, about 0.7% to about 9% phosphate, about 0.9% to about 11% potassium, about 0.7% to about 10% sodium, and about 0.3% to about 8% zinc. In another aspect of this embodiment, the fermented microbial supernatant disclosed herein contains, for example, about 0.05% to about 1% calcium, about 0.0001% to about 0.0009% chromium, about 0.00006% to about 0.0007% copper, about 0.0001% to about 0.013% iron, about 0.005% to about 1% magnesium, about 0.1% to about 7% phosphate, about 0.5% to about 9% potassium, about 0.5% to about 8% sodium, and about 0.5% to about 6% zinc. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the fermented microbial supernatant disclosed herein contains, for example, about 0.12% to about 0.16% calcium, about 0.0002% to about 0.0006% chromium, about 0.00009% to about 0.0004% copper, about 0.0006% to about 0.01% iron, about 0.01% to about 0.4% magnesium, about 1% to about 4% phosphate, about 2% to about 6% potassium, about 1% to about 5% sodium, and about 0.8% to about 3% zinc.

Amino acids are typically present in an amount of about 20% to about 60% of the total weight of the fermentation microbial supernatant. Individual amino acids are typically present in an amount of about 0.1% to about 15% of the total weight of the fermentation microbial supernatant. Examples of minerals include, but are not limited to, alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glycine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, and threonine. In aspects of this embodiment, the fermented microbial supernatant disclosed herein comprises, for example, about 0.2% to about 16% alanine, about 0.09% to about 15% arginine, about 0.4% to about 18% aspartic acid, about 0.003% to about 5% cysteine, about 0.5% to about 20% glutamic acid, about 0.09% to about 15% glycine, about 0.09% to about 15% lysine, about 0.002% to about 5% methionine, about 0.09% to about 15% phenylalanine, about 0.09% to about 15% proline, about 0.09% to about 15% serine, and about 0.09% to about 15% threonine. In other aspects of this embodiment, the fermented microbial supernatant disclosed herein comprises, for example, about 0.7% to about 11% alanine, about 0.5% to about 10% arginine, about 0.9% to about 13% aspartic acid, about 0.008% to about 1.2% cysteine, about 1% to about 15% glutamic acid, about 0.5% to about 10% glycine, about 0.8% to about 12% lysine, about 0.2% to about 1.6% methionine, about 0.5% to about 10% phenylalanine, about 0.5% to about 10% proline, about 0.5% to about 10% serine, and about 0.5% to about 10% threonine. In another aspect of this embodiment, the fermented microbial supernatant disclosed herein comprises, for example, about 0.5% to about 9% alanine, about 0.5% to about 8% arginine, about 1% to about 11% aspartic acid, about 0.01% to about 2% cysteine, about 3% to about 13% glutamic acid, about 0.5% to about 8% glycine, about 1% to about 10% lysine, about 0.3% to about 3% methionine, about 0.5% to about 7% phenylalanine, about 0.5% to about 7% proline, about 0.5% to about 7% serine, and about 0.5% to about 7% threonine. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the fermented microbial supernatant disclosed herein contains, for example, about 2% to about 6% alanine, about 1% to about 5% arginine, about 4% to about 8% aspartic acid, about 0.03% to about 0.7% cysteine, about 6% to about 10% glutamic acid, about 1% to about 5% glycine, about 3% to about 7% lysine, about 0.7% to about 1.1% methionine, about 1% to about 5% phenylalanine, about 1% to about 5% proline, about 1% to about 5% serine, and about 1% to about 5% threonine.

Aspects of the present specification disclose, in part, a treated fermentation microbial supernatant. A treated fermentation microbial supernatant is a fermentation microbial supernatant that has been treated to denature, kill, or otherwise destroy any remaining live yeast, yeast and malt, and any other microbial active enzymes or enzymes from another source present in the fermentation microbial supernatant disclosed herein. Non-limiting examples of useful treatment methods include boiling using high temperatures, autoclaving using high temperatures and pressures, irradiating the supernatant by exposing it to ionizing radiation, or any other sterilization process that denatures, kills, or otherwise destroys any remaining live yeast, yeast and malt, and any other microbial active enzymes or enzymes from another source present in the fermentation microbial supernatant disclosed herein. Furthermore, the above treatment steps can be used alone or in combination with each other, or in combination with pasteurization, chemical sterilization, and sterile filtration steps that denature, kill, or otherwise destroy proteins, such as enzymes, and microorganisms, such as yeast, bacteria, and/or molds, present in the fermentation supernatant as disclosed herein. All of the above methods are routinely used in the field of food preparation and/or sterilization and are therefore known to those skilled in the art.

The treated fermented microbial supernatant can then be stored in liquid form for later use. Alternatively, the treated fermented microbial supernatant can be spray dried by methods known in the art to produce a dry powder. The dry powder form can also be stored for later use.

Any amount of the processed fermentation microbial supernatant disclosed herein may be used in the disclosed plant drug compositions, so long as it is useful for carrying out the methods and uses disclosed herein. Factors used to determine the appropriate amount include, for example, whether the processed fermentation microbial supernatant is in liquid or powder form, the particular commercial source of the processed fermentation microbial supernatant, the particular method used to make the processed fermentation microbial supernatant, whether the plant drug composition is produced as a concentrate or a ready-to-use product, and the desired dilution factor if the plant drug composition is prepared from a concentrate. Typically, a larger amount of processed fermentation microbial supernatant in liquid form is required than in dry powder form.

In aspects of this embodiment, the amount of treated fermentation microbial supernatant used is, for example, about 0.5 wt%, about 1.0 wt%, about 1.5 wt%, about 2.0 wt%, about 2.5 wt%, about 3.0 wt%, about 3.5 wt%, about 4.0 wt%, about 4.5 wt%, about 5.0 wt%, about 6.0 wt%, about 7.0 wt%, about 7.5 wt%, about 8.0 wt%, about 9.0 wt%, or about 10.0 wt%. In other aspects of this embodiment, the amount of treated fermentation microbial supernatant used is, for example, at least 0.5 wt%, at least 1.0 wt%, at least 1.5 wt%, at least 2.0 wt%, at least 2.5 wt%, at least 3.0 wt%, at least 3.5 wt%, at least 4.0 wt%, at least 4.5 wt%, at least 5.0 wt%, at least 6.0 wt%, at least 7.0 wt%, at least 7.5 wt%, at least 8.0 wt%, at least 9.0 wt%, or at least 10.0 wt%. In another aspect of this embodiment, the amount of treated fermentation microbial supernatant used is, for example, up to 0.5 wt%, up to 1.0 wt%, up to 1.5 wt%, up to 2.0 wt%, up to 2.5 wt%, up to 3.0 wt%, up to 3.5 wt%, up to 4.0 wt%, up to 4.5 wt%, up to 5.0 wt%, up to 6.0 wt%, up to 7.0 wt%, up to 7.5 wt%, up to 8.0 wt%, up to 9.0 wt%, or up to 10.0 wt%. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the amount of treated fermentation microbial supernatant used is, for example, about 0.1% to about 2.5% by weight, about 0.1% to about 3.0% by weight, about 0.1% to about 3.5% by weight, about 0.1% to about 4.0% by weight, about 0.1% to about 5.0% by weight, about 0.5% to about 2.5% by weight, about 0.5% to about 3.0% by weight, about 0.5% to about 3.5% by weight, about 0.5% to about 4.0% by weight, about 0.5 ... % to about 4.0% by weight, about 0.5% to about 5.0% by weight, about 1% to about 2.5% by weight, about 1% to about 3.0% by weight, about 1% to about 3.5% by weight, about 1% to about 4.0% by weight, about 1% to about 5.0% by weight, about 1% to about 6.0% by weight, about 1% to about 7.0% by weight, about 1% to about 8.0% by weight, about 1% to about 9.0% by weight, or about 1% to about 10.0% by weight.

In other aspects of this embodiment, the amount of treated fermented microbial supernatant used is, for example, about 15.0% by weight, about 20.0% by weight, about 25.0% by weight, about 30.0% by weight, about 35.0% by weight, about 40.0% by weight, about 45.0% by weight, about 50.0% by weight, about 55.0% by weight, about 60.0% by weight, about 65.0% by weight, about 70.0% by weight, about 75.0% by weight, about 80.0% by weight, about 85.0% by weight or about 90.0% by weight. In another aspect of this embodiment, the amount of treated fermentation microbial supernatant used is, for example, at least 15.0% by weight, at least 20.0% by weight, at least 25.0% by weight, at least 30.0% by weight, at least 35.0% by weight, at least 40.0% by weight, at least 45.0% by weight, at least 50.0% by weight, at least 55.0% by weight, at least 60.0% by weight, at least 65.0% by weight, at least 70.0% by weight, at least 75.0% by weight, at least 80.0% by weight, at least 85.0% by weight, or at least 90.0% by weight. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the amount of treated fermented microbial supernatant used is, for example, up to 15.0% by weight, up to 20.0% by weight, up to 25.0% by weight, up to 30.0% by weight, up to 35.0% by weight, up to 40.0% by weight, up to 45.0% by weight, up to 50.0% by weight, up to 55.0% by weight, up to 60.0% by weight, up to 65.0% by weight, up to 70.0% by weight, up to 75.0% by weight, up to 80.0% by weight, up to 85.0% by weight, or up to 90.0% by weight.

In other aspects of this embodiment, the amount of treated fermentation microbial supernatant used may be, for example, about 5% to about 7.5% by weight, about 5% to about 10% by weight, about 5% to about 15% by weight, about 5% to about 20% by weight, about 5% to about 25% by weight, about 5% to about 30% by weight, about 5% to about 35% by weight, about 5% to about 40% by weight, about 5% to about 45% by weight, about 5% to about 50% by weight, about 5% to about 55% by weight, about 5% to about 60% by weight, about 5% to about 65% by weight, about 5% to about 70% by weight, about 5% to about 75% by weight, about 5% to about 80% by weight, about 5% to about 85% by weight, about 5% to about 90% by weight, about 5% to about 95% by weight, about 10% to about 1 ... % to about 20% by weight, about 10% to about 25% by weight, about 10% to about 30% by weight, about 10% to about 35% by weight, about 10% to about 40% by weight, about 10% to about 45% by weight % by weight, about 10% to about 50%, about 10% to about 55%, about 10% to about 60%, about 10% to about 65%, about 10% to about 70%, about 10% by weight wt% to about 75 wt%, about 10 wt% to about 80 wt%, about 10 wt% to about 85 wt%, about 10 wt% to about 90 wt%, about 10 wt% to about 95 wt%, about 15 wt% to about 2 0% by weight, about 15% to about 25%, about 15% to about 30%, about 15% to about 35%, about 15% to about 40%, about 15% to about 45%, about 15 wt% to about 50 wt%, about 15 wt% to about 55 wt%, about 15 wt% to about 60 wt%, about 15 wt% to about 65 wt%, about 15 wt% to about 70 wt%, about 15 wt% to about 75% by weight, about 15% by weight to about 80% by weight, about 15% to about 85% by weight, about 15% to about 90% by weight, about 15% to about 95% by weight, about 25% to about 25% by weight , about 25% to about 30%, about 25% to about 35%, about 25% to about 40%, about 25% to about 45%, about 25% to about 50%, about 25% by weight % to about 55% by weight, about 25% to about 60% by weight, about 25% to about 65% by weight, about 25% to about 70% by weight, about 25% to about 75% by weight, about 25% to about 80% by weight % by weight, about 25% to about 85%, about 25% to about 90%, about 25% to about 95%, about 25% to about 30%, about 25% to about 35%, about 25% by weight wt% to about 40 wt%, about 25 wt% to about 45 wt%, about 25 wt% to about 50 wt%, about 25 wt% to about 55 wt%, about 25 wt% to about 60 wt%, about 25 wt% to about 6 5% by weight, about 25% to about 70%, about 25% to about 75%, about 25% to about 80%, about 25% to about 85%, about 25% to about 90%, about 25 wt% to about 95 wt%, about 30 wt% to about 35 wt%, about 30 wt% to about 40 wt%, about 30 wt% to about 45 wt%, about 30 wt% to about 50 wt%, about 30 wt% to about 55% by weight, about 30% to about 60% by weight, about 30% to about 65% by weight, about 30% to about 70% by weight, about 30% to about 75% by weight, about 30% to about 80% by weight , about 30% to about 85%, about 30% to about 90%, about 30% to about 95%, about 35% to about 40%, about 35% to about 45%, about 35% by weight % to about 50% by weight, about 35% to about 55% by weight, about 35% to about 60% by weight, about 35% to about 65% by weight, about 35% to about 70% by weight, about 35% to about 75% by weight % by weight, about 35% to about 80%, about 35% to about 85%, about 35% to about 90%, about 35% to about 95%, about 40% to about 45%, about 40 wt% to about 50 wt%, about 40 wt% to about 55 wt%, about 40 wt% to about 60 wt%, about 40 wt% to about 65 wt%, about 40 wt% to about 70 wt%, about 40 wt% to about 7 5% by weight, about 40% to about 80%, about 40% to about 85%, about 40% to about 90%, about 40% to about 95%, about 45% to about 50%, about 45 wt% to about 55 wt%, about 45 wt% to about 60 wt%, about 45 wt% to about 65 wt%, about 45 wt% to about 70 wt%, about 45 wt% to about 75 wt%, about 45 wt% to about 80% by weight, about 45% to about 85% by weight, about 45% to about 90% by weight, about 45% to about 95% by weight, about 50% to about 55% by weight, about 50% to about 60% by weight , about 50% to about 65%, about 50% to about 70%, about 50% to about 75%, about 50% to about 80%, about 50% to about 85%, about 50% by weight % to about 90% by weight, about 50% to about 95% by weight, about 55% to about 60% by weight, about 55% to about 65% by weight, about 55% to about 70% by weight, about 55% to about 75% by weight % by weight, about 55% to about 80%, about 55% to about 85%, about 55% to about 90%, about 55% to about 95%, about 60% to about 65%, about 60% by weight wt% to about 70 wt%, about 60 wt% to about 75 wt%, about 60 wt% to about 80 wt%, about 60 wt% to about 85 wt%, about 60 wt% to about 90 wt%, about 60 wt% to about 9 5% by weight, about 65% to about 70%, about 65% to about 75%, about 65% to about 80%, about 65% to about 85%, about 65% to about 90%, about 65% to about 95% by weight, about 70% to about 75%, about 70% to about 80%, about 70% to about 85%, about 70% to about 90%, about 70% by weight About 95% by weight, about 75% to about 80% by weight, about 75% to about 85% by weight, about 75% to about 90% by weight, about 75% to about 95% by weight, about 80% to about 85% by weight, about 80% to about 90% by weight, about 80% to about 95% by weight, about 85% to about 90% by weight, about 85% to about 95% by weight, or about 90% to about 95% by weight.

Aspects of the present specification disclose, in part, surfactants. A surfactant is a compound that reduces the surface tension of a liquid, making it easier to spread, as well as reducing the interfacial tension between two liquids or between a liquid and a solid. A single surfactant may be mixed with the buffer solutions disclosed herein, or multiple surfactants may be mixed with the buffer solutions disclosed herein. Useful surfactants include, but are not limited to, ionic surfactants, zwitterionic (amphoteric) surfactants, non-ionic surfactants, or any combination thereof. The surfactants used in the methods disclosed herein can be varied as needed by one of skill in the art and generally depend in part on the specific buffer used, the protein being eluted, and the conductivity values used.

Ionic surfactants include anionic surfactants. Anionic surfactants include those based on durable functional groups attached to the head group, such as sulfate, sulfonate, phosphate, carboxylate, etc., or pH-dependent anionic surfactants. Anionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, alkyl sulfates such as ammonium lauryl sulfate and sodium lauryl sulfate (SDS); alkyl ether sulfates such as sodium laureth sulfate and sodium myreth sulfate; docusates such as dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate; sulfonic acid fluorosurfactants such as perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorobutane sulfonate; DOWFAX™ 2A1 (disodium lauryl phenyl ether disulfonate), DOWFAX™ 3B2 (disodium decyl phenyl ether disulfonate), DOWFAX™ C10L (disodium decyl phenyl ether disulfonate), DOWFAX™ 2A2 (disodium lauryl phenyl ether disulfonate), DOWFAX™ 2B1 (disodium lauryl phenyl ether disulfonate), DOWFAX™ 2B2 (disodium dec ... alkyl diphenyl oxide disulfonates such as DOWFAX™ 2EP and DOWFAX™ 8390 (disodium cetyl phenyl ether disulfonate); potassium phosphate polyetheresters such as TRITON™ H-55 and TRITON™ H-66; alkyl benzene sulfonates; alkyl aryl ether phosphates; alkyl ether phosphates; alkyl carboxylates such as fatty acid salts and sodium stearate; sodium lauroyl sarcosinate; carboxylic acid fluorosurfactants such as perfluorononanoate and perfluorooctanoate; and sodium hexyl diphenyl ether sulfonate (DOWFAX™ C6L).

Other ionic surfactants include cationic surfactants. Cationic surfactants include those based on durable or pH-dependent cationic surfactants, such as primary, secondary or tertiary amines. Cationic surfactants include, but are not limited to, alkyl trimethyl ammonium salts such as cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC); cetyl pyridinium chloride (CPC); polyethoxylated tallow amine (POEA); benzalkonium chloride (BAC); benzethonium chloride (BZT); 5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane; dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium chloride; and dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide (DODAB), as well as pH-dependent primary, secondary or tertiary amines, such as octenidine dihydrochloride, where the primary amine is positively charged above pH 10 or the secondary amine is positively charged below pH 4. Other useful anionic surfactants include bioanionic surfactants, including, but not limited to, ammonium lauryl sulfate, STEPONOL® AM30-KE, and sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulfate, STEPONOL® EHS. Such biosurfactants are anionic surfactants that are derived from organic matter, such as plants, rather than synthetic molecules.

Zwitterionic surfactants are based on primary, secondary or tertiary amines with sulfonate, carboxylate or phosphate salts or quaternary ammonium cations. Zwitterionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS); sultaines such as cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine; betaines such as cocamidopropyl betaine; or lecithin.

Nonionic surfactants are less denaturing than others and are therefore useful for solubilizing membrane proteins and lipids while preserving protein-protein interactions. Nonionic surfactants include polyether nonionic surfactants, polyhydroxyl nonionic surfactants and biosurfactants. Nonionic surfactants include alcohol ethoxylates, alkylphenol ethoxylates, phenol ethoxylates, amide ethoxylates, glyceride ethoxylates, fatty acid ethoxylates and fatty amine ethoxylates. Nonionic surfactants disclosed herein may have the general formula _H ( _OCH2CH2 ) _{xOC6H4R1 ,} ( _OCH2CH2 ) _xOR2 or _{H ( OCH2CH2 ) xOC} (O ^{) R2} , where x represents the number of moles of ethylene oxide added to an alkylphenol and/or fatty alcohol or ^{fatty acid, R1 represents a long chain alkyl group, and R2 represents a long chain aliphatic group. In aspects of this embodiment, R1 is a C7} _{- C10} alkyl group and/or ^R2 is a _C12 - _C20 aliphatic group. Other useful nonionic surfactants include bio-nonionic surfactants including, but not limited to, STEPOSOL® MET-10U, a nonionic surfactant obtained by metathesis that is an unsaturated short chain amide. Such biosurfactants are not synthetic molecules, but rather non-ionic biosurfactants derived from organic matter such as plants.

Non-limiting examples of surfactants include polysorbate 20 sorbitan monooleate (TWEEN® 20), polysorbate 40 sorbitan monooleate (TWEEN® 40), polysorbate 60 sorbitan monooleate (TWEEN® 60), polysorbate 61 sorbitan monooleate (TWEEN® 61), polysorbate 65 sorbitan monooleate (TWEEN® 65), polysorbate 80 sorbitan monooleate (TWEEN® 80), polysorbate 81 sorbitan monooleate (TWEEN® 81), and polysorbate 85 sorbitan monooleate (TWEEN® 65). ) 85) and other polyoxyethylene glycol sorbitan alkyl esters (or ethoxylated sorbital esters); sorbital esters such as sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monopalmitate, mosorbitan monostearate and sorbitan tristearate; polyglycerol esters such as glycerol monooleate, glycerol monolaurate, glycerol monopalmitate, glycerol monostearate, glycerol trioleate, glycerol ricinoleate, glycerol tristearate, monodiglyceride and glycerol triacetate; ethoxylated polyglycerol esters; arachidyl glucoside, C Alkyl glucosides such as _12-20 alkyl glucosides, caprylyl/capryl glucoside, cetearyl glucoside, coco-glucoside, ethyl glucoside and lauryl glucoside, decyl glucoside; ethoxylated alkyl glucosides; sucrose esters such as sucrose monooleate, sucrose monolaurate, sucrose monopalmitate, sucrose monostearate, sucrose trioleate, sucrose ricinoleate, sucrose tristearate, sucrose diglyceride and sucrose triacetate; ethoxylated sucrose esters; amine oxides; ethoxylated alcohols; ethoxylated fatty alcohols; alkyl amines; ethoxylated alkyl amines; ethoxylated alkyl phenols such as ethoxylated nonylphenol and ethoxylated octylphenol; alkyl polysaccharides; ethoxylated alkyl polysaccharides; ethoxylated fatty acids such as ethoxylated castor oil; Ethoxylated fatty alcohols such as ethoxylated ceto-oleyl alcohol, ethoxylated ceto-stearyl alcohol, ethoxylated decyl alcohol, ethoxylated dodecyl alcohol, and ethoxylated tridecyl alcohol; ethoxylated fatty amines; poloxamer 124 (Pluronic® L44), poloxamer 181 (Pluronic® L61), poloxamer 182 (Pluronic® L62), poloxamer 18 ... Poloxamers (polyethylene-polypropylene copolymers) such as poloxamer 188 (Pluronic® L64), poloxamer 188 (Pluronic® F68), poloxamer 237 (Pluronic® F87), poloxamer 338 (Pluronic® L108), and poloxamer 407 (Pluronic® F127); poloxamers (polyethylene-polypropylene copolymers) such as TERGITOL™ 15-S-5, TERGITOL™ 15-S-7, TERGITOL™ 15-S-8, TERGITOL™ 15-S-9, TERGITOL™ 15-S-10, TERGITOL™ 15-S-11, TERGITOL™ 15-S-12, TERGITOL™ 15-S-13, TERGITOL™ 15-S-14, TERGITOL™ 15-S-15, TERGITOL™ 15-S-16, TERGITOL™ 15-S-17, TERGITOL™ 15-S-18, TERGITOL™ 15-S-19, TERGITOL™ 15-S-20, TERGITOL™ 15-S-21, TERGITOL™ 15-S-22, TERGITOL™ 15-S-23, TERGITOL™ 15-S-24, TERGITOL™ 15-S-25, TERGITOL™ 15-S-26, TERGITOL™ 15-S-27, TERGITOL™ 15-S-28, TERGITOL™ 15-S-29, TERGITOL™ 15-S-30, TERGITOL™ 15-S-31, Linear secondary alcohol ethoxylates such as TERGITOL™ 15-S-9, TERGITOL™ 15-S-12, TERGITOL™ 15-S-15, TERGITOL™ 15-S-20, TERGITOL™ 15-S-30 and TERGITOL™ 15-S-40; alkylphenol polyglycol ethers; polyethylene glycol alkylaryl ethers; octaethylene glycol monododecyl ether, pentaethylene glycol Polyoxyethylene glycol alkyl ethers such as colmonododecyl ether, BRIJ® 30, and BRIJ® 35; 2-dodecoxyethanol (LUBROL®-PX); polyoxyethylene glycol octyl ethers such as polyoxyethylene (4-5) pt-t-octylphenol (TRITON® X-45) and polyoxyethylene octylphenyl ether (TRITON® X-100). phenol ethers; polyoxyethylene glycol alkylphenol ethers such as nonoxynol-9; phenoxypolyethoxyethanols such as nonylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol and octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol (IGEPAL® CA-630 or NONIDET™ P-40); glucoside alkyl ethers such as octyl glucopyranoside; maltoside alkyl ethers such as dodecyl maltopyranoside; thioglucoside alkyl ethers such as heptyl thioglucopyranoside; digitonin; glycerol alkyl esters such as glyceryl laurate; alkylaryl polyether sulfates; alcohol sulfonates; sorbitan alkyl esters; cocamide ethanolamines such as cocamide monoethanolamine and cocamide diethanolamine; sucrose monolaurate; dodecyl dimethylamine oxide and sodium cholate. Other examples of surfactants useful in the methods disclosed herein can be found, for example, in Winslow et al., Methods and Compositions for Simultaneously Isolating Hemoglobin from Red Blood Cells and Inactivating Viruses, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0138790; Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Drug Delivery Systems (eds. Howard C. Ansel et al., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006); Publishers, 7th ed., 1999); Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy (Alfonso R. Gennaro et al., Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 20th ed., 2000); Goodman &Gilman's The Pharmaceutical Basis of Therapeutics (Joel G. Hardman et al., eds., McGraw-Hill Professional, 10th ed., 2001); and Handbook of Pharmaceutical and U.S. Pat. No. 6,393,366, and U.S. Pat. No. 6,493,625. These and other references can be found in U.S. Pat. No. 6,393,366 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,493,625, and U.S. Pat. No. 6,593,625.

The nonionic surfactants act synergistically to enhance the action of the fermented microbial supernatant. Moreover, the nonionic surfactants used in the plant drug compositions disclosed herein have been found to be compatible with facilitating chemical reactions. Thus, in one embodiment, the plant drug compositions disclosed herein contain only one or more nonionic surfactants. In another embodiment, the plant drug compositions disclosed herein contain only one or more nonionic surfactants and one or more anionic surfactants. In another embodiment, the plant drug compositions disclosed herein contain no cationic surfactants. In another embodiment, the plant drug compositions disclosed herein contain no cationic or zwitterionic surfactants. In another embodiment, the plant drug compositions disclosed herein contain no ionic surfactants. In another embodiment, the plant drug compositions disclosed herein contain no ionic or zwitterionic surfactants.

Regarding the amount of surfactant disclosed herein, any amount may be used as long as it is useful for carrying out the methods disclosed herein. In aspects of this embodiment, the amount of surfactant used is, for example, about 0.01% by weight, about 0.05% by weight, about 0.075% by weight, about 0.1% by weight, about 0.2% by weight, about 0.3% by weight, about 0.4% by weight, about 0.5% by weight, about 0.6% by weight, about 0.7% by weight, about 0.8% by weight, about 0.9% by weight, about 1.0% by weight, about 1.5% by weight, about 2.0% by weight, about 2.5% by weight, about 3.0% by weight, about 4.0% by weight, about 5.0% by weight, about 6.0% by weight, about 7.0% by weight, about 7.5% by weight, about 8.0% by weight, about 9.0% by weight, or about 10.0% by weight. In other aspects of this embodiment, the amount of surfactant used is, for example, at least 0.01 wt.%, at least 0.05 wt.%, at least 0.075 wt.%, at least 0.1 wt.%, at least 0.25 wt.%, at least 0.5 wt.%, at least 0.75 wt.%, at least 1.0 wt.%, at least 1.5 wt.%, at least 2.0 wt.%, at least 2.5 wt.%, at least 3.0 wt.%, at least 4.0 wt.%, at least 5.0 wt.%, at least 6.0 wt.%, at least 7.0 wt.%, at least 7.5 wt.%, at least 8.0 wt.%, at least 9.0 wt.%, or at least 10.0 wt.%. In another aspect of this embodiment, the amount of surfactant used is, for example, up to 0.01% by weight, up to 0.05% by weight, up to 0.075% by weight, up to 0.1% by weight, up to 0.25% by weight, up to 0.5% by weight, up to 0.75% by weight, up to 1.0% by weight, up to 1.5% by weight, up to 2.0% by weight, up to 2.5% by weight, up to 3.0% by weight, up to 4.0% by weight, up to 5.0% by weight, up to 6.0% by weight, up to 7.5% by weight, up to 8.0% by weight, up to 9.0% by weight, or up to 10.0% by weight.

In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the amount of surfactant used may be, for example, from about 0.1% to about 0.5% by weight, from about 0.1% to about 0.75% by weight, from about 0.1% to about 1.0% by weight, from about 0.1% to about 1.5% by weight, from about 0.1% to about 2.0% by weight, from about 0.1% to about 2.5% by weight, from about 0.2% to about 0.5% by weight, from about 0.2% to about 0.75% by weight, from about 0.2% to about 1.0% by weight, from about 0.2% to about 1.5% by weight, from about 0.2% to about 2.0% by weight, about 0.2% to about 2.5%, about 0.5% to about 1.0%, about 0.5% to about 1.5%, about 0.5% to about 2.0%, about 0.5% to about 2.5%, about 0.5% to about 3.0%, about 0.5% to about 4% by weight 0% by weight, about 0.5% by weight to about 5.0% by weight, about 1.0% to about 2.5% by weight, about 1.0% to about 3.0% by weight, about 1.0% to about 4.0% by weight, about 1.0% to about 5.0% by weight, about 1.0% by weight to about 6.0% by weight. wt% to about 7.0 wt%, about 1.0 wt% to about 7.5 wt%, about 1.0 wt% to about 8.0 wt%, about 1.0 wt% to about 9.0 wt%, about 1.0 wt% to about 10.0 wt%, about 2.0 wt% to about 2.5 wt%, about 2.0 wt% to about 3.0 wt% %, about 2.0% to about 4.0%, about 2.0% to about 5.0%, about 2.0% to about 6.0%, about 2.0% to about 7.0%, about 2.0% to about 7.5%, about 2.0% to about 8.0%, about 2.0% by weight up to about 9.0% by weight, about 2.0% by weight to about 10.0% by weight, about 5.0% by weight to about 6.0% by weight, about 5.0% by weight to about 7.0% by weight, about 5.0% by weight to about 7.5% by weight, about 5.0% by weight to about 8.0% by weight, about 5.0% by weight to about 9.0% by weight, about 5.0% by weight to about 10.0% by weight, about 5.0% by weight to about 11.0% by weight, about 5.0% by weight to about 12.0% by weight, about 5.0% by weight to about 13.0% by weight, about 5.0% by weight to about 14.0% by weight, or about 5.0% by weight to about 15.0% by weight.

Aspects of the present specification disclose, in part, the pH of the plant drug compositions disclosed herein. The final pH of the plant drug compositions is typically acidic, as this contributes to an increased shelf life of the composition. In aspects of this embodiment, the pH of the plant drug compositions disclosed herein is, for example, about 2, about 2.5, about 3, about 3.5, about 4, about 4.5, about 5, about 5.5, or about 6. In other aspects of this embodiment, the pH of the plant drug compositions disclosed herein is, for example, at least 2, at least 2.5, at least 3, at least 3.5, at least 4, at least 4.5, at least 5, at least 5.5, or at least 6. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the pH of the plant drug compositions disclosed herein is, for example, at most 2, at most 2.5, at most 3, at most 3.5, at most 4, at most 4.5, at most 5, at most 5.5, or at most 6. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the pH of the botanical pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein may be, for example, from about 2 to about 3, from about 2 to about 3.5, from about 2 to about 4, from about 2 to about 4.5, from about 2 to about 5, from about 2 to about 5.5, from about 2 to about 6, from about 2.5 to about 3, from about 2.5 to about 3.5, from about 2.5 to about 4, from about 2.5 to about 4.5, from about 2.5 to about 5, from about 2.5 to about 5.5, from about 2.5 to about 6, from about 3 to about 3.5, from about 3 to about 4, from about 3 to about 4.2 ... About 4.5, about 3 to about 4.7, about 3 to about 5, about 3 to about 5.2, about 3 to about 5.5, about 3 to about 6, about 3.5 to about 4, about 3.5 to about 4.2, about 3.5 to about 4.5, about 3.5 to about 4.7, about 3.5 to about 5, about 3.5 to about 5.2, about 3.5 to about 5.5, about 3.5 to about 6, about 3.7 to about 4.0, about 3.7 to about 4.2, about 3.7 to about 4.5, about 3.7 to about 5.2, about 3.7 to about 5.5, or about 3.7 to about 6.0.

The plant drug compositions disclosed herein have minimal adverse effects on humans, mammals, including livestock, plants, and the environment. In one aspect of this embodiment, the plant drug compositions disclosed herein are substantially non-toxic to humans, mammals, plants, and the environment. In another aspect of this embodiment, the plant drug compositions disclosed herein are essentially non-toxic to humans, mammals, plants, and the environment.

Aspects of the present specification disclose partially biodegradable plant drug compositions. A biodegradable plant drug composition disclosed herein is a composition that is prone to a significant degree of degradation, erosion, absorption, decay or destruction after use in accordance with the methods and uses disclosed herein. In aspects of this embodiment, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99% of the plant drug composition disclosed herein biodegrades in, for example, about 1 day, about 2 days, about 3 days, about 4 days, about 5 days, about 6 days, or about 7 days. In other aspects of this embodiment, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99% of the botanical pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein are biodegraded, for example, in about 1 to about 2 days, about 1 to about 3 days, about 1 to about 4 days, about 1 to about 5 days, about 1 to about 6 days, about 1 to about 7 days, about 2 to about 3 days, about 2 to about 4 days, about 2 to about 5 days, about 2 to about 6 days, about 2 to about 7 days, about 3 to about 4 days, about 3 to about 5 days, about 3 to about 6 days, about 3 to about 7 days, about 4 to about 5 days, about 4 to about 6 days, about 4 to about 7 days, about 5 to about 6 days, about 5 to about 7 days, or about 6 to about 7 days.

In aspects of this embodiment, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99% of the plant drug compositions disclosed herein are biodegraded, e.g., in about 7 days, about 8 days, about 9 days, about 10 days, about 11 days, about 12 days, about 13 days, or about 14 days. In other aspects of this embodiment, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99% of the plant drug compositions disclosed herein are biodegraded, e.g., in about 7 to about 8 days, about 7 to about 9 days, about 7 to about 10 days, about 7 to about 11 days, about 7 to about 12 days, about 7 to about 13 days, about 7 to about 14 days, about 8 to about 9 days, about 8 to about 10 days, about 8 to about 11 days, about 8 to about 12 days, about 8 to about It biodegrades in about 13 days, about 8 to about 14 days, about 9 to about 10 days, about 9 to about 11 days, about 9 to about 12 days, about 9 to about 13 days, about 9 to about 14 days, about 9 to about 11 days, about 9 to about 12 days, about 9 to about 13 days, about 9 to about 14 days, about 10 to about 11 days, about 10 to about 12 days, about 10 to about 13 days, about 10 to about 14 days, about 11 to about 12 days, about 11 to about 13 days, about 11 to about 14 days, about 12 to about 13 days, about 12 to about 14 days, or about 13 to about 14 days.

In aspects of this embodiment, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99% of the plant pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein are biodegraded, for example, in about 15 days, about 16 days, about 17 days, about 18 days, about 19 days, about 20 days, or about 21 days. In other aspects of this embodiment, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99% of the botanical pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein are biodegraded, for example, in about 15 to about 16 days, about 15 to about 17 days, about 15 to about 18 days, about 15 to about 19 days, about 15 to about 20 days, about 15 to about 21 days, about 16 to about 17 days, about 16 to about 18 days, about 16 to about 19 days, about 16 to about 20 days, about 16 to about 21 days, about 17 to about 18 days, about 17 to about 19 days, about 17 to about 20 days, about 17 to about 21 days, about 18 to about 19 days, about 18 to about 20 days, about 18 to about 21 days, about 19 to about 20 days, about 19 to about 21 days, or about 20 to about 21 days.

Aspects of the present specification disclose, in part, a kit that includes one or more components useful for carrying out the methods or uses disclosed herein. The kit provides components useful for carrying out the methods or uses disclosed herein in a convenient package that facilitates or promotes commercial sale. For example, the kit can include a plant pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein and one or more other reagents useful for carrying out the methods or uses disclosed herein, such as one or more diluents and/or one or more carriers.

A kit typically provides one or more components useful for carrying out the methods or uses disclosed herein in a suitable container, e.g., a box or other sealed carrier. Additionally, a kit disclosed herein typically includes separate containers, e.g., bottles, vials, flasks or other sealed carriers, for one or more components. For example, a kit may include a container for a plant pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein and separate containers for one or more other reagents. A kit may be portable, e.g., capable of being transported to and used in a remote location, such as a commercial or industrial facility or agricultural field. Alternatively, a kit may be used in a residential building.

The kits disclosed herein may include a label or insert. The label or insert includes "printed matter" that may be provided as a separate material, packaging material (e.g., a box), or may be attached or affixed to a container containing the kit components. The label or insert may further include a computer readable medium, such as a disk (e.g., hard disk, flash memory), optical disk such as CD-ROM/RAM or DVD-ROM/RAM, DVD, MP3, magnetic tape, or storage media such as RAM and ROM, or hybrids thereof, such as magnetic/optical storage media, flash media, or memory type cards. The label or insert may include information about the identity of one or more components therein, dosage, frequency or timing of dosage, information about the individual components. The label or insert may include information indicating manufacturer information, lot number, manufacturer's location and date. The label or insert may include information about the conditions or circumstances under which the kit components may be used. The label or insert may include instructions for using one or more of the kit components in the methods or uses disclosed herein. The instructions may include dosage amounts, frequency or duration and instructions for carrying out any of the methods, uses or treatment protocols described herein, as well as warnings regarding potential hazards or circumstances in which it is not appropriate to use components of the kit.

Aspects of the present specification disclose, in part, a method for controlling a pathogen of a plant disease. The disclosed method for controlling a pathogen of a plant disease includes applying an effective amount of a plant drug composition disclosed herein to one or more plants infested with a pathogen and/or applying an effective amount of a plant drug composition disclosed herein to one or more loci such that the pathogen is exposed to the plant drug composition. Application of the plant drug composition disclosed herein, for example, causes a detrimental effect on the pathogen of the plant disease to be controlled.

Aspects of the present specification disclose, in part, the use of the plant drug compositions disclosed herein to control pathogens of plant diseases. Use of the disclosed plant drug compositions includes applying an effective amount of the plant drug compositions disclosed herein to one or more plants infested with a pathogen and/or applying an effective amount of the plant drug compositions disclosed herein to one or more loci such that the pathogen is exposed to the plant drug composition. Application of the plant drug compositions disclosed herein, for example, causes a detrimental effect on the pathogen of the plant disease to be controlled.

Aspects of the present specification disclose, in part, a method of increasing plant growth and/or crop production. The disclosed method of increasing plant growth and/or crop production includes applying an effective amount of a plant drug composition disclosed herein to one or more plants and/or applying an effective amount of a plant drug composition disclosed herein to one or more locations to expose one or more plants to the plant drug composition. Application of the plant drug composition disclosed herein results in, for example, improved absorption by root hairs, improved xylem sap flow through the xylem and improved photosynthate flow in the phloem, increased absorption of water, minerals and other nutrients from the soil, increased capillary action and/or hydrostatic pressure in the xylem and/or increased synthesis of compounds and energy and/or disruption of one or more components that inhibit xylem sap flow and/or photosynthate flow. In one embodiment, the one or more components that inhibit xylem sap flow and/or photosynthate flow include a biofilm.

Aspects of the present specification disclose, in part, the use of the plant drug compositions disclosed herein to increase plant growth and/or crop production. The use of the disclosed plant drug compositions includes applying an effective amount of the plant drug compositions disclosed herein to one or more plants and/or applying an effective amount of the plant drug compositions disclosed herein to one or more locations where one or more plants are exposed to the plant drug composition. The plant drug compositions disclosed herein provide, for example, improved absorption by root hairs, improved xylem sap flow through the xylem and improved photosynthate flow in the phloem, increased absorption of water, minerals and other nutrients from the soil, increased capillary action and/or hydrostatic pressure in the xylem and/or increased synthesis of compounds and energy and/or disruption of one or more components that inhibit xylem sap flow and/or photosynthate flow. In one embodiment, the one or more components that inhibit xylem sap flow and/or photosynthate flow include a biofilm.

Aspects of the present specification disclose, in part, a method of maintaining or improving the efficiency of an irrigation system. The disclosed method of maintaining or improving the efficiency of an irrigation system includes applying an effective amount of a plant drug composition disclosed herein to one or more pipes in a pipeline network of the irrigation system. Application of the plant drug composition disclosed herein, for example, substantially removes one or more components that inhibit the one or more pipeline networks of the irrigation system. In one embodiment, the one or more components that inhibit the one or more pipeline networks include a biofilm.

Aspects of the present specification disclose, in part, the use of a plant drug composition disclosed herein to maintain or improve the efficiency of an irrigation system. The use of the disclosed plant drug composition includes applying an effective amount of a plant drug composition disclosed herein to one or more pipes in a pipeline network of an irrigation system. Application of the plant drug composition disclosed herein, for example, substantially removes one or more components that inhibit one or more pipeline networks of the irrigation system. In one embodiment, the one or more components that inhibit one or more pipeline networks include a biofilm.

The combination of the nonionic surfactant and treated fermented microbial supernatant contained in the plant pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein promotes in situ chemical reactions of molecular structures, particularly chemical bonds, present in the polysaccharide and lipid-based components of: 1) one or more components present in the defense structures of pathogens of plant diseases; 2) one or more components that inhibit xylem sap flow and/or photosynthate flow in plants; or 3) one or more components that inhibit water flow in irrigation systems. These in situ chemical reactions 1) dissolve, disperse, or otherwise destroy one or more components of the pathogen's defense structure, killing the pathogen by disrupting one or more essential physiological processes; 2) dissolve, disperse, or otherwise destroy one or more components that inhibit xylem sap flow in the xylem and/or photosynthate flow in the phloem, improving water and nutrient transport that maintains and/or enhances plant health and vitality; or 3) dissolve, disperse, or otherwise destroy one or more components that inhibit water flow in the pipeline network of the irrigation system, improving water distribution that maintains and/or enhances plant health and vitality.

Without wishing to be limited by any theory, application of the botanical pharmaceutical composition in an aqueous environment spontaneously results in the formation of ultrafine microbubbles with a highly reactive and unique structure. These "functionalized" microbubbles contain an outer "highly reactive" shell of one or more nonionic surfactants and components derived from the treated fermented microbial supernatant, and an inner core containing air. The "highly reactive" shell results in a significant increase in oxygen mass transfer in the aqueous environment and enhanced biocatalysis of the molecular structure of the compound, which combine to provide a synergistic functionality. In terms of oxygen mass transfer, this functionality increases the oxygen transfer rate, raising the dissolved oxygen level in the aqueous environment far beyond the solubility limit predicted by Henry's law and to levels that cannot be easily achieved by mechanical aeration systems. It is believed that the components derived from the treated fermented microbial supernatant interfere with the ability of the nonionic surfactant to produce a well-organized micellar shell. This results in a loosening of the molecular packing of these fermented components and surfactants that "functionalized" the shell and increased its gas permeability, thereby creating more favorable conditions for gas mass transfer. This oxygen transfer function thus increases the availability of oxygen in an aqueous environment. In terms of promoting biocatalysis, this functionality provides a reaction platform that increases the local concentration of reactants, lowering the energy transition required for catalytic reactions to occur, allowing the donation of electrons and facilitating chemical reactions at electron-deficient sites. This biocatalysis function thus mediates the cleavage of chemical bonds, including glycosidic and ester bonds, present in compounds. Thus, the "functionalized" shell of the microbubbles has catalytic activity like traditional enzyme systems, but without the need for any enzymes. Thus, application of the botanical pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein results in "functionalized" microbubbles that promote the diffusion of oxygen, thereby increasing dissolved oxygen levels and promoting interactions between molecules, resulting in the catalytic degradation of compounds.

When the "functionalized" microbubbles come into contact with a pathogen's defense structure, they chemically interact with one or more components of the defense structure to donate electrons or react at sites of electron deficiency and mediate the cleavage of chemical bonds, including glycosidic and ester bonds, present in the one or more components. Similarly, when the "functionalized" microbubbles come into contact with one or more components that inhibit xylem sap and/or photosynthate flow in a plant, they chemically interact with one or more components to donate electrons or react at sites of electron deficiency and mediate the cleavage of chemical bonds, including glycosidic and ester bonds, present in the one or more components. Similarly, when the "functionalized" microbubbles come into contact with one or more components that inhibit water flow in an irrigation system, they chemically interact with one or more components to donate electrons or react at sites of electron deficiency and mediate the cleavage of chemical bonds, including glycosidic and ester bonds, present in the one or more components. The above interactions appear to be a form of hydrolysis using beta-oxidation, which in addition to relying on the "highly reactive" shell, also utilizes oxygen present in the microbubble's core. In this way, the properties of the "functionalized" microbubbles act synergistically with the oxygen transfer capabilities of the nucleus to promote in situ degradation of chemical bonds, including glycosidic and ester bonds, present in 1) one or more components present in the defense structures of plant disease pathogens; 2) one or more components that inhibit xylem sap and/or photosynthate flow in plants; and/or 3) one or more components that inhibit water flow in irrigation systems.

Furthermore, when the "functionalized" microbubbles come into contact with root hairs, they increase the permeability of the root hair membrane to water transport, providing a more favorable microbial environment for symbionts and enhancing root hair function, thereby increasing water uptake, increasing nitrogen fixation, increasing gas exchange, and increasing capillary action and hydrostatic pressure in the vascular tissue. Such interactions result in improved absorption by the root hairs, improved xylem sap flow through the xylem, and improved photosynthate flow in the phloem, leading to improved transport of raw materials, growth components, and energy used to maintain and/or enhance plant health and vigor.

Application of the plant drug compositions disclosed herein can be by any method that exposes one or more components of a defense structure of a pathogen of a plant disease to the plant drug composition of the present disclosure such that one or more components present in the defense structure are sufficiently destroyed such that one or more essential physiological processes are then disrupted and death occurs. For example, exposure can be by direct application to the pathogen or indirect application to a location where the pathogen is exposed to the plant drug composition.

Similarly, application of the plant pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein can be by any method that exposes the root hairs to the plant pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure to result in increased absorption of water, minerals and other nutrients from the soil, increased capillary action and/or hydrostatic pressure in the xylem and/or increased synthesis of compounds and energy, followed by absorption in the root hairs, improved xylem sap flow through the xylem and photosynthetic product flow in the phloem. For example, exposure can be by direct application to one or more plants or indirect application to a location where one or more plants are exposed to the plant pharmaceutical composition.

Similarly, application of the plant pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein can be by any method that exposes one or more components that inhibit xylem sap flow in the xylem and/or photosynthetic product flow in the phloem to the plant pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure such that one or more components of the defense structure are sufficiently disrupted to improve water and nutrient transport that then maintains and/or enhances plant health and vigor. For example, exposure can be by direct application to one or more plants or indirect application to a location where one or more plants are exposed to the plant pharmaceutical composition.

Furthermore, application of the plant drug composition disclosed herein can be by any method that exposes one or more components that inhibit water flow in the pipeline network of an irrigation system to the plant drug composition of the present disclosure such that one or more components of the defense structure are sufficiently destroyed, and then water distribution in the irrigation system is improved to maintain and/or promote plant health and vitality. For example, exposure can be by direct application to one or more pipeline networks of an irrigation system or by indirect application to a location where one or more pipeline networks of an irrigation system are exposed to the plant drug composition.

The methods and uses disclosed herein may use the botanical drug compositions disclosed herein in undiluted form. Alternatively, it may be desirable to dilute the botanical drug compositions disclosed herein, and one of skill in the art will recognize that dilutions of such compositions may be used. The botanical drug compositions disclosed herein are typically prepared using water, although other suitable diluents may be used, so long as they are compatible with the formation of microbubbles as disclosed herein. In aspects of this embodiment, the botanical agent composition is diluted, for example, to a ratio of 1:10, 1:25, 1:50, 1:75, 1:100, 1:200, 1:300, 1:400, 1:500, 1:600, 1:700, 1:800, 1:900, 1:1000, 1:2000, 1:3000, 1:4000, 1:5000, 1:6000, 1:7000, 1:8000, 1:9000, 1:10000, 1:20000, 1:30000, 1:40000, 1:50000, 1:60000, 1:70000, 1:80000, 1:90000, or 1:100000. In other aspects of this embodiment, the botanical drug composition is administered at a concentration of, for example, at least 1:10, at least 1:25, at least 1:50, at least 1:75, at least 1:100, at least 1:200, at least 1:300, at least 1:400, at least 1:500, at least 1:600, at least 1:700, at least 1:800, at least 1:900, at least 1:1000, at least 1:2000, at least 1:30 ...500, at least 1:600, at least 1:700, at least 1:800, at least 1:900, at least 1:1000, at least 1:2000, at least 1:3000, at least 1:400, at least 1:500, at least 1:600, at least 1:700, at least 1:800, at least 1:900, at least 1:1000, at least 1:2000, at least 1:4000, at least 1:500, at least 1:600, at least 1:700, at least 1:800, at least 1:900, at least 1:1000, at least 1:2000, at least 1:4000, at least 1:500, at least 1:600, at least 1:800, Also, the antibody may be diluted to a ratio of at least 1:4000, at least 1:5000, at least 1:6000, at least 1:7000, at least 1:8000, at least 1:9000, at least 1:10000, at least 1:20000, at least 1:30000, at least 1:40000, at least 1:50000, at least 1:60000, at least 1:70000, at least 1:80000, at least 1:90000 or at least 1:100000. In another aspect of this embodiment, the botanical pharmaceutical composition is administered at a concentration of, for example, up to 1:10, up to 1:25, up to 1:50, up to 1:75, up to 1:100, up to 1:200, up to 1:300, up to 1:400, up to 1:500, up to 1:600, up to 1:700, up to 1:800, up to 1:900, up to 1:1000, up to 1:2000, up to 1:30 ...400, up to 1:500, up to 1:600, up to 1:700, up to 1:800, up to 1:900, up to 1:1000, up to 1:2000, up to 1:4000, up to 1:500, up to 1:600, Dilute to a ratio of 1:4000, up to 1:5000, up to 1:6000, up to 1:7000, up to 1:8000, up to 1:9000, up to 1:10000, up to 1:20000, up to 1:30000, up to 1:40000, up to 1:50000, up to 1:60000, up to 1:70000, up to 1:80000, up to 1:90000 or up to 1:100000.

In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the plant drug composition is administered at a concentration of, for example, about 1:1 to about 1:10, about 1:1 to about 1:25, about 1:1 to about 1:50, about 1:1 to about 1:75, about 1:1 to about 1:100, about 1:2 to about 1:10, about 1:2 to about 1:25, about 1:2 to about 1:50, about 1:2 to about 1:75, about 1:2 ... 1:10 to about 1:25, about 1:10 to about 1:50, about 1:10 to about 1:75, about 1:10 to about 1:100, about 1:10 to about 1:125, about 1:10 to about 1:150, about 1:10 to about 1:175, about 1:10 to about 1:200, about 1:10 to about 1:225, about 1:10 to about 1:250, about 1:50 to about 1:100, about 1:50 to about 1 :200, about 1:50 to about 1:300, about 1:50 to about 1:400, about 1:50 to about 1:500, about 1:50 to about 1:600, about 1:50 to about 1:700, about 1:50 to about 1:800, about 1:50 to about 1:900, about 1:50 to about 1:1000, about 1:100 to about 1:200, about 1:100 to about 1:300, about 1:100 to about 1:400, about 1:100 to about 1:500, about 1:100 to about 1:600, about 1:100 to about 1:700, about 1:100 to about 1:800, about 1:100 to about 1:900, about 1:100 to about 1:1000, about 1:500 to about 1:1000, about 1:500 to about 1:2000, about 1:500 to about 1:3000, about 1:500 to about 1 :4000, about 1:500 to about 1:5000, about 1:500 to about 1:6000, about 1:500 to about 1:7000, about 1:500 to about 1:8000, about 1:500 to about 1:9000, about 1:500 to about 1:10000, about 1:1000 to about 1:2000, about 1:1000 to about 1:3000, about 1:1000 to about 1:4000, About 1:1000 to about 1:5000, about 1:1000 to about 1:6000, about 1:1000 to about 1:7000, about 1:1000 to about 1:8000, about 1:1000 to about 1:9000, about 1:1000 to about 1:10000, about 1:5000 to about 1:10000, about 1:5000 to about 1:20000, about 1:5000 to about 1:3000 0, about 1:5000 to about 1:40000, about 1:5000 to about 1:50000, about 1:5000 to about 1:60000, about 1:5000 to about 1:70000, about 1:5000 to about 1:80000, about 1:5000 to about 1:90000, about 1:5000 to about 1:100000, about 1:10000 to about 1:20000, about 1:100 Dilute to a ratio of about 1:100 to about 1:30000, about 1:10000 to about 1:40000, about 1:10000 to about 1:50000, about 1:10000 to about 1:60000, about 1:10000 to about 1:70000, about 1:10000 to about 1:80000, about 1:10000 to about 1:90000, about 1:10000 to about 1:100000.

The application of the plant drug compositions disclosed herein is carried out in an effective amount. An effective amount of the disclosed plant drug compositions may be: 1) an amount sufficient to cause a deleterious effect on the population of pathogens of the plant disease to be controlled; 2) an amount sufficient to improve root hair absorption, improve xylem sap flow through the xylem, and improve photosynthate flow in the phloem; 3) an amount sufficient to increase absorption of water, minerals and other nutrients from the soil, increase capillary action and/or hydrostatic pressure in the xylem, and/or increase the synthesis of compounds and energy; 4) an amount sufficient to cause sufficient destruction of one or more components that inhibit xylem sap and/or photosynthate flow; and/or 5) an amount sufficient to cause sufficient removal of one or more components that inhibit one or more pipeline networks of an irrigation system. The actual effective amount of the disclosed plant drug compositions is determined by routine screening methods used to evaluate the control activity and efficacy of the plant drug compositions disclosed herein. Such screening methods are well known to those skilled in the art. It is expected that the plant pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein may be used in smaller amounts and at lower concentrations with higher activity levels to achieve the same control effect, and that larger amounts or concentrations may be required with lower activity levels.

Application of the plant drug compositions disclosed herein is carried out in an effective amount. An effective amount of the disclosed plant drug compositions can be an amount sufficient to produce a desired effect. The actual effective amount of the disclosed plant drug compositions is determined by routine screening methods used to evaluate the control activity and efficacy of the plant drug compositions disclosed herein. Such screening methods are well known to those skilled in the art. It is expected that plant drug compositions disclosed herein with higher activity levels can be used in smaller amounts and at lower concentrations to achieve the same control effect, and that plant drug compositions with lower activity levels may require greater amounts or concentrations.

An effective amount of the disclosed plant drug composition can be an amount sufficient to cause a deleterious effect on the pathogen to be controlled. In aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed plant drug composition can be, for example, an amount sufficient to cause a deleterious effect on about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90% or about 95% of the pathogens in the population infecting the plant. In other aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed plant pharmaceutical compositions is, for example, an amount sufficient to cause a deleterious effect in at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, or at least 95% of the pathogens in a population that infect the plant. In another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed plant pharmaceutical composition is an amount sufficient to cause a deleterious effect in, for example, up to 10%, up to 15%, up to 20%, up to 25%, up to 30%, up to 35%, up to 40%, up to 45%, up to 50%, up to 55%, up to 60%, up to 65%, up to 70%, up to 75%, up to 80%, up to 85%, up to 90% or up to 95% of the pathogens in a population that infect the plant. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed plant pharmaceutical compositions can be, for example, from about 10% to about 20%, from about 10% to about 30%, from about 10% to about 40%, from about 10% to about 50%, from about 10% to about 60%, from about 10% to about 70%, from about 10% to about 80%, from about 10% to about 90%, from about 10% to about 95%, from about 20% to about 30%, from about 20% to about 40%, from about 20% to about 50%, from about 20% to about 60%, from about 20% to about 70%, from about 20% to about 80%, from about 20% to about 90%, from about 20% to about 95%, from about 30% to about 40%, from about 30% to about 50%, from about 30% to about 60%, from about 30% to about 70% of the pathogen infecting the plant. , about 30% to about 80%, about 30% to about 90%, about 30% to about 95%, about 40% to about 50%, about 40% to about 60%, about 40% to about 70%, about 40% to about 80%, about 40% to about 90%, about 40% to about 95%, about 50% to about 60%, about 50% to about 70%, about 50% to about 80%, about 50% to about 90%, It is an amount sufficient to cause an adverse effect in about 50% to about 95%, about 60% to about 70%, about 60% to about 80%, about 60% to about 90%, about 60% to about 95%, about 70% to about 80%, about 70% to about 90%, about 70% to about 95%, about 80% to about 90%, about 80% to about 95%, or about 90% to about 95%.

In aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed plant pharmaceutical composition is, for example, an amount sufficient to kill about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90% or about 95% of the pathogens in a population infecting a plant. In other aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed plant pharmaceutical compositions is, for example, an amount sufficient to kill at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, or at least 95% of the pathogens in a population infecting a plant. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed plant pharmaceutical composition is an amount sufficient to kill, for example, up to 10%, up to 15%, up to 20%, up to 25%, up to 30%, up to 35%, up to 40%, up to 45%, up to 50%, up to 55%, up to 60%, up to 65%, up to 70%, up to 75%, up to 80%, up to 85%, up to 90%, or up to 95% of the pathogens in a population infecting a plant. In another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed plant pharmaceutical compositions can be, for example, from about 10% to about 20%, from about 10% to about 30%, from about 10% to about 40%, from about 10% to about 50%, from about 10% to about 60%, from about 10% to about 70%, from about 10% to about 80%, from about 10% to about 90%, from about 10% to about 95%, from about 20% to about 30%, from about 20% to about 40%, from about 20% to about 50%, from about 20% to about 60%, from about 20% to about 70%, from about 20% to about 80%, from about 20% to about 90%, from about 20% to about 95%, from about 30% to about 40%, from about 30% to about 50%, from about 30% to about 60%, from about 30% to about 70%, from about 3 ...30% to about 95%, from about 30% to about 40%, from about 30% to about 50%, from about 30% to about 60%, from about 30% to about 0%, about 30% to about 80%, about 30% to about 90%, about 30% to about 95%, about 40% to about 50%, about 40% to about 60%, about 40% to about 70%, about 40% to about 80%, about 40% to about 90%, about 40% to about 95%, about 50% to about 60%, about 50% to about 70%, about 50% to about 80%, about 50% to about 9 It is an amount sufficient to kill 0%, about 50% to about 95%, about 60% to about 70%, about 60% to about 80%, about 60% to about 90%, about 60% to about 95%, about 70% to about 80%, about 70% to about 90%, about 70% to about 95%, about 80% to about 90%, about 80% to about 95%, or about 90% to about 95%.

An effective amount of the disclosed plant drug composition can be an amount sufficient to reduce the population size of the pathogen to be controlled. In aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed plant drug composition is an amount sufficient to reduce the population size of the pathogen to be controlled by, for example, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90% or about 95%. In another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed plant drug composition is an amount sufficient to reduce the population size of the pathogen to be controlled by, for example, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, or at least 95%. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed plant drug composition is an amount sufficient to reduce the population size of the pathogen to be controlled by, for example, up to 10%, up to 15%, up to 20%, up to 25%, up to 30%, up to 35%, up to 40%, up to 45%, up to 50%, up to 55%, up to 60%, up to 65%, up to 70%, up to 75%, up to 80%, up to 85%, up to 90%, or up to 95%. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed plant pharmaceutical composition can be used to inhibit, for example, from about 10% to about 20%, from about 10% to about 30%, from about 10% to about 40%, from about 10% to about 50%, from about 10% to about 60%, from about 10% to about 70%, from about 10% to about 80%, from about 10% to about 90%, from about 10% to about 95%, from about 20% to about 30%, from about 20% to about 40%, from about 20% to about 50%, from about 20% to about 60%, from about 20% to about 70%, from about 20% to about 80%, from about 20% to about 90%, from about 20% to about 95%, from about 30% to about 40%, from about 30% to about 50%, from about 30% to about 60%, from about 30% to about 70%, 0%, about 30% to about 80%, about 30% to about 90%, about 30% to about 95%, about 40% to about 50%, about 40% to about 60%, about 40% to about 70%, about 40% to about 80%, about 40% to about 90%, about 40% to about 95%, about 50% to about 60%, about 50% to about 70%, about 50% to about 80%, about 50% to about It is an amount sufficient to reduce the volume by 90%, about 50% to about 95%, about 60% to about 70%, about 60% to about 80%, about 60% to about 90%, about 60% to about 95%, about 70% to about 80%, about 70% to about 90%, about 70% to about 95%, about 80% to about 90%, about 80% to about 95%, or about 90% to about 95%.

An effective amount of the disclosed plant drug composition can be an amount sufficient to prevent a population of a pathogen to be controlled from invading or infesting one or more loci. In aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed plant drug composition can be, for example, an amount sufficient to prevent about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90% or about 95% of the population of a pathogen from invading or infesting one or more loci. In other aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed plant pharmaceutical compositions is, for example, an amount sufficient to prevent at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, or at least 95% of the pathogen population from invading or infesting one or more loci. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed plant drug compositions is an amount sufficient to prevent, for example, up to 10%, up to 15%, up to 20%, up to 25%, up to 30%, up to 35%, up to 40%, up to 45%, up to 50%, up to 55%, up to 60%, up to 65%, up to 70%, up to 75%, up to 80%, up to 85%, up to 90%, or up to 95% of the pathogen population from invading or infesting one or more loci. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed plant drug compositions is an amount sufficient to prevent, for example, from about 10% to about 20%, from about 10% to about 30%, from about 10% to about 40%, from about 10% to about 50%, from about 10% to about 60%, from about 10% to about 70%, from about 10% to about 80%, from about 10% to about 90%, from about 10% to about 90%, from about 10% to about 90%, from about 10% to about 10 ... 5%, about 20% to about 30%, about 20% to about 40%, about 20% to about 50%, about 20% to about 60%, about 20% to about 70%, about 20% to about 80%, about 20% to about 90%, about 20% to about 95%, about 30% to about 40%, about 30% to about 50%, about 30% to about 60%, about 30% to about 70%, about 30% to about 80%, about is an amount sufficient to deter 30% to about 90%, about 30% to about 95%, about 40% to about 50%, about 40% to about 60%, about 40% to about 70%, about 40% to about 80%, about 40% to about 90%, about 40% to about 95%, about 50% to about 60%, about 50% to about 70%, about 50% to about 80%, about 50% to about 90%, about 50% to about 95%, about 60% to about 70%, about 60% to about 80%, about 60% to about 90%, about 60% to about 95%, about 70% to about 80%, about 70% to about 90%, about 70% to about 95%, about 80% to about 90%, about 80% to about 95%, or about 90% to about 95% from invading or infesting one or more locations.

An effective amount of the disclosed plant drug composition can be an amount sufficient to improve root hair absorption of water, minerals and other nutrients from soil. In aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed plant drug composition is an amount sufficient to improve root hair absorption of water, minerals and other nutrients from soil by, for example, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90% or about 95%. In other aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed plant pharmaceutical composition is an amount sufficient to improve root hair absorption of water, minerals and other nutrients from the soil by, for example, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90% or at least 95%. In another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed plant pharmaceutical composition is an amount sufficient to improve root hair absorption of water, minerals and other nutrients from soil by, for example, up to 10%, up to 15%, up to 20%, up to 25%, up to 30%, up to 35%, up to 40%, up to 45%, up to 50%, up to 55%, up to 60%, up to 65%, up to 70%, up to 75%, up to 80%, up to 85%, up to 90% or up to 95%. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed plant pharmaceutical composition can enhance the uptake of water, minerals and other nutrients from the soil by root hairs by, for example, about 10% to about 20%, about 10% to about 30%, about 10% to about 40%, about 10% to about 50%, about 10% to about 60%, about 10% to about 70%, about 10% to about 80%, about 10% to about 90%, about 10% to about 95%, about 20% to about 30%, about 20% to about 40%, about 20% to about 50%, about 20% to about 60%, about 20% to about 70%, about 20% to about 80%, about 20% to about 90%, about 20% to about 95%, about 30% to about 40%, about 30% to about 50%, about 3 ...80%, about 20% to about 90%, about 20% to about 95%, about 30% to about 40%, about 30% to about 50%, about 30% to about 60%, about 20% to about 80%, about 20% to about 90%, about 20% to about 0%, about 30% to about 70%, about 30% to about 80%, about 30% to about 90%, about 30% to about 95%, about 40% to about 50%, about 40% to about 60%, about 40% to about 70%, about 40% to about 80%, about 40% to about 90%, about 40% to about 95%, about 50% to about 60%, about 50% to about 70%, about 50% to about 80%, about It is an amount sufficient to improve by 50% to about 90%, about 50% to about 95%, about 60% to about 70%, about 60% to about 80%, about 60% to about 90%, about 60% to about 95%, about 70% to about 80%, about 70% to about 90%, about 70% to about 95%, about 80% to about 90%, about 80% to about 95%, or about 90% to about 95%.

An effective amount of the disclosed plant drug composition can be an amount sufficient to improve xylem sap flow through the xylem. In aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed plant drug composition is an amount sufficient to improve xylem sap flow through the xylem by, for example, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90% or about 95%. In another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed plant drug composition is an amount sufficient to improve xylem sap flow through the xylem by, for example, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, or at least 95%. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed plant drug composition is an amount sufficient to improve xylem sap flow through the xylem by, for example, up to 10%, up to 15%, up to 20%, up to 25%, up to 30%, up to 35%, up to 40%, up to 45%, up to 50%, up to 55%, up to 60%, up to 65%, up to 70%, up to 75%, up to 80%, up to 85%, up to 90%, or up to 95%. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed botanical pharmaceutical composition can increase xylem sap flow through the xylem by, for example, about 10% to about 20%, about 10% to about 30%, about 10% to about 40%, about 10% to about 50%, about 10% to about 60%, about 10% to about 70%, about 10% to about 80%, about 10% to about 90%, about 10% to about 95%, about 20% to about 30%, about 20% to about 40%, about 20% to about 50%, about 20% to about 60%, about 20% to about 70%, about 20% to about 80%, about 20% to about 90%, about 20% to about 95%, about 30% to about 40%, about 30% to about 50%, about 30% to about 60%, about 30% to about 70%, about 30% to about 80%, about 20% to about 90%, about 20% to about 95%, about 30% to about 40%, about 30% to about 50%, about 30% to about 60%, about 30% to about 70%, about 30% to about 80%, about 3 ... 0%, about 30% to about 80%, about 30% to about 90%, about 30% to about 95%, about 40% to about 50%, about 40% to about 60%, about 40% to about 70%, about 40% to about 80%, about 40% to about 90%, about 40% to about 95%, about 50% to about 60%, about 50% to about 70%, about 50% to about 80%, about 50% to about It is an amount sufficient to improve the condition by 90%, about 50% to about 95%, about 60% to about 70%, about 60% to about 80%, about 60% to about 90%, about 60% to about 95%, about 70% to about 80%, about 70% to about 90%, about 70% to about 95%, about 80% to about 90%, about 80% to about 95%, or about 90% to about 95%.

An effective amount of the disclosed plant pharmaceutical composition can be an amount sufficient to improve photosynthetic product flow in the phloem. In aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed plant pharmaceutical composition is an amount sufficient to improve photosynthetic product flow in the phloem by, for example, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90% or about 95%. In another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed plant pharmaceutical composition is an amount sufficient to improve photosynthetic product flux in the phloem by, for example, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, or at least 95%. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed plant pharmaceutical composition is an amount sufficient to improve photosynthetic product flux in the phloem by, for example, up to 10%, up to 15%, up to 20%, up to 25%, up to 30%, up to 35%, up to 40%, up to 45%, up to 50%, up to 55%, up to 60%, up to 65%, up to 70%, up to 75%, up to 80%, up to 85%, up to 90%, or up to 95%. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed plant pharmaceutical composition can increase photosynthetic product flux in the phloem by, for example, about 10% to about 20%, about 10% to about 30%, about 10% to about 40%, about 10% to about 50%, about 10% to about 60%, about 10% to about 70%, about 10% to about 80%, about 10% to about 90%, about 10% to about 95%, about 20% to about 30%, about 20% to about 40%, about 20% to about 50%, about 20% to about 60%, about 20% to about 70%, about 20% to about 80%, about 20% to about 90%, about 20% to about 95%, about 30% to about 40%, about 30% to about 50%, about 30% to about 60%, about 30% to about 70%, about 30% to about 80%, about 20% to about 90%, about 20% to about 95%, about 30% to about 40%, about 30% to about 50%, about 30% to about 60%, about 30% to about 70%, about 30% to about 80%, about 30% to about 9 ... 0%, about 30% to about 80%, about 30% to about 90%, about 30% to about 95%, about 40% to about 50%, about 40% to about 60%, about 40% to about 70%, about 40% to about 80%, about 40% to about 90%, about 40% to about 95%, about 50% to about 60%, about 50% to about 70%, about 50% to about 80%, about 50% to about It is an amount sufficient to improve the condition by 90%, about 50% to about 95%, about 60% to about 70%, about 60% to about 80%, about 60% to about 90%, about 60% to about 95%, about 70% to about 80%, about 70% to about 90%, about 70% to about 95%, about 80% to about 90%, about 80% to about 95%, or about 90% to about 95%.

An effective amount of the disclosed plant drug composition can be an amount sufficient to increase the absorption of water, minerals and other nutrients from the soil. In aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed plant drug composition is an amount sufficient to increase the absorption of water, minerals and other nutrients from the soil by, for example, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90% or about 95%. In other aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed plant pharmaceutical compositions is an amount sufficient to increase absorption of water, minerals and other nutrients from soil by, for example, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90% or at least 95%. In another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed plant pharmaceutical compositions is an amount sufficient to increase absorption of water, minerals and other nutrients from soil by, for example, up to 10%, up to 15%, up to 20%, up to 25%, up to 30%, up to 35%, up to 40%, up to 45%, up to 50%, up to 55%, up to 60%, up to 65%, up to 70%, up to 75%, up to 80%, up to 85%, up to 90% or up to 95%. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed plant pharmaceutical composition can reduce the absorption of water, minerals and other nutrients from the soil by, for example, about 10% to about 20%, about 10% to about 30%, about 10% to about 40%, about 10% to about 50%, about 10% to about 60%, about 10% to about 70%, about 10% to about 80%, about 10% to about 90%, about 10% to about 95%, about 20% to about 30%, about 20% to about 40%, about 20% to about 50%, about 20% to about 60%, about 20% to about 70%, about 20% to about 80%, about 20% to about 90%, about 20% to about 95%, about 30% to about 40%, about 30% to about 50%, about 30% to about 60%, about 30% to about 70%, about 30% to about 80%, about 30% to about 90%, about 30% to about 95%, about 40% to about 50%, about 40% to about 60%, about 40% to about 70%, about 40% to about 80%, about 40% to about 90%, about 40% to about 95%, about 50% to about 60%, about 50% to about 70%, about 50% to about 80%, about 50 % to about 90%, about 50% to about 95%, about 60% to about 70%, about 60% to about 80%, about 60% to about 90%, about 60% to about 95%, about 70% to about 80%, about 70% to about 90%, about 70% to about 95%, about 80% to about 90%, about 80% to about 95%, or about 90% to about 95%.

An effective amount of the disclosed plant drug composition can be an amount sufficient to increase capillary action and/or hydrostatic pressure in the xylem. In aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed plant drug composition is an amount sufficient to increase capillary action and/or hydrostatic pressure in the xylem by, for example, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90% or about 95%. In other aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed plant pharmaceutical composition is an amount sufficient to increase capillary action and/or hydrostatic pressure in the xylem by, for example, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90% or at least 95%. In another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed botanical pharmaceutical composition is an amount sufficient to increase capillary action and/or hydrostatic pressure in the xylem by, for example, up to 10%, up to 15%, up to 20%, up to 25%, up to 30%, up to 35%, up to 40%, up to 45%, up to 50%, up to 55%, up to 60%, up to 65%, up to 70%, up to 75%, up to 80%, up to 85%, up to 90% or up to 95%. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed botanical pharmaceutical composition can reduce capillary action and/or hydrostatic pressure in xylem by, for example, about 10% to about 20%, about 10% to about 30%, about 10% to about 40%, about 10% to about 50%, about 10% to about 60%, about 10% to about 70%, about 10% to about 80%, about 10% to about 90%, about 10% to about 95%, about 20% to about 30%, about 20% to about 40%, about 20% to about 50%, about 20% to about 60%, about 20% to about 70%, about 20% to about 80%, about 20% to about 90%, about 20% to about 95%, about 30% to about 40%, about 30% to about 50%, about 30% to about 60%, about 30% to about 70%, about 30% to about 80%, about 20% to about 90%, about 20% to about 95%, about 30% to about 40%, about 30% to about 50%, about 30% to about 60%, about 30% to about 70%, about 30% to about 80%, about 30% to about 9 ... % to about 70%, about 30% to about 80%, about 30% to about 90%, about 30% to about 95%, about 40% to about 50%, about 40% to about 60%, about 40% to about 70%, about 40% to about 80%, about 40% to about 90%, about 40% to about 95%, about 50% to about 60%, about 50% to about 70%, about 50% to about 80%, about 50% It is an amount sufficient to increase the amount by about 90%, about 50% to about 95%, about 60% to about 70%, about 60% to about 80%, about 60% to about 90%, about 60% to about 95%, about 70% to about 80%, about 70% to about 90%, about 70% to about 95%, about 80% to about 90%, about 80% to about 95%, or about 90% to about 95%.

An effective amount of the disclosed botanical drug composition can be an amount sufficient to improve transport of ingredients through a plant. In aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed botanical drug composition is an amount sufficient to improve transport of ingredients through a plant by, for example, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90% or about 95%. In another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed botanical drug composition is an amount sufficient to improve transport of an ingredient through a plant by, for example, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, or at least 95%. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed botanical drug composition is an amount sufficient to improve transport of an ingredient through a plant by, for example, up to 10%, up to 15%, up to 20%, up to 25%, up to 30%, up to 35%, up to 40%, up to 45%, up to 50%, up to 55%, up to 60%, up to 65%, up to 70%, up to 75%, up to 80%, up to 85%, up to 90%, or up to 95%. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed botanical pharmaceutical composition can enhance transport of an ingredient through a plant by, for example, about 10% to about 20%, about 10% to about 30%, about 10% to about 40%, about 10% to about 50%, about 10% to about 60%, about 10% to about 70%, about 10% to about 80%, about 10% to about 90%, about 10% to about 95%, about 20% to about 30%, about 20% to about 40%, about 20% to about 50%, about 20% to about 60%, about 20% to about 70%, about 20% to about 80%, about 20% to about 90%, about 20% to about 95%, about 30% to about 40%, about 30% to about 50%, about 30% to about 60%, about 30% to about 70%, about 30% to about 80%, about 30% to about 90%, about 30% to about 95%, about 40% to about 50%, about 40% to about 60%, about 40% to about 70%, about 40% to about 80%, about 40% to about 90%, about 40% to about 95%, about 50% to about 60%, about 50% to about 70%, about 50% to about 80%, about 50% to It is an amount sufficient to improve by about 90%, about 50% to about 95%, about 60% to about 70%, about 60% to about 80%, about 60% to about 90%, about 60% to about 95%, about 70% to about 80%, about 70% to about 90%, about 70% to about 95%, about 80% to about 90%, about 80% to about 95%, or about 90% to about 95%.

An effective amount of the disclosed plant drug compositions can be an amount sufficient to increase the synthesis of compounds and energy in the plant. In aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed plant drug compositions is an amount sufficient to increase the synthesis of compounds and energy in the plant by, for example, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90% or about 95%. In another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed plant pharmaceutical composition is an amount sufficient to increase the synthesis of compounds and energy in the plant by, for example, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, or at least 95%. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed plant pharmaceutical composition is an amount sufficient to increase the synthesis of compounds and energy in the plant by, for example, up to 10%, up to 15%, up to 20%, up to 25%, up to 30%, up to 35%, up to 40%, up to 45%, up to 50%, up to 55%, up to 60%, up to 65%, up to 70%, up to 75%, up to 80%, up to 85%, up to 90%, or up to 95%. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed botanical pharmaceutical composition can inhibit the synthesis of compounds and energy in a plant by, for example, about 10% to about 20%, about 10% to about 30%, about 10% to about 40%, about 10% to about 50%, about 10% to about 60%, about 10% to about 70%, about 10% to about 80%, about 10% to about 90%, about 10% to about 95%, about 20% to about 30%, about 20% to about 40%, about 20% to about 50%, about 20% to about 60%, about 20% to about 70%, about 20% to about 80%, about 20% to about 90%, about 20% to about 95%, about 30% to about 40%, about 30% to about 50%, about 30% to about 60%, about 30% to about 70%, about 30% to about 80%, about 20% to about 90%, about 20% to about 95%, about 30% to about 40%, about 30% to about 50%, about 30% to about 60%, about 30% to about 70%, about 30% to about 80%, about 30% to about 9 ...80%, about 30% to about 90%, about 3 0% to about 70%, about 30% to about 80%, about 30% to about 90%, about 30% to about 95%, about 40% to about 50%, about 40% to about 60%, about 40% to about 70%, about 40% to about 80%, about 40% to about 90%, about 40% to about 95%, about 50% to about 60%, about 50% to about 70%, about 50% to about 80%, about 50% It is an amount sufficient to increase the amount by about 90%, about 50% to about 95%, about 60% to about 70%, about 60% to about 80%, about 60% to about 90%, about 60% to about 95%, about 70% to about 80%, about 70% to about 90%, about 70% to about 95%, about 80% to about 90%, about 80% to about 95%, or about 90% to about 95%.

An effective amount of the disclosed plant drug composition can be an amount sufficient to improve the synthesis of compounds and energy necessary for the maintenance and continued growth of a plant. In aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed plant drug composition is an amount sufficient to improve the synthesis of compounds and energy necessary for the maintenance and continued growth of a plant by, for example, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90% or about 95%. In other aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed plant pharmaceutical compositions is an amount sufficient to improve the synthesis of compounds and energy necessary to maintain and continue plant growth by, for example, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90% or at least 95%. In another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed plant pharmaceutical compositions is an amount sufficient to improve the synthesis of compounds and energy required to maintain and continue plant growth by, for example, up to 10%, up to 15%, up to 20%, up to 25%, up to 30%, up to 35%, up to 40%, up to 45%, up to 50%, up to 55%, up to 60%, up to 65%, up to 70%, up to 75%, up to 80%, up to 85%, up to 90% or up to 95%. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed plant pharmaceutical composition can provide a plant with a plant growth factor that inhibits the synthesis of compounds and energy necessary to maintain and continue plant growth, for example, from about 10% to about 20%, from about 10% to about 30%, from about 10% to about 40%, from about 10% to about 50%, from about 10% to about 60%, from about 10% to about 70%, from about 10% to about 80%, from about 10% to about 90%, from about 10% to about 95%, from about 20% to about 30%, from about 20% to about 40%, from about 20% to about 50%, from about 20% to about 60%, from about 20% to about 70%, from about 20% to about 80%, from about 20% to about 90%, from about 20% to about 95%, from about 30% to about 40%, from about 30% to about 50%, from about 30% to about 60%, about 30% to about 70%, about 30% to about 80%, about 30% to about 90%, about 30% to about 95%, about 40% to about 50%, about 40% to about 60%, about 40% to about 70%, about 40% to about 80%, about 40% to about 90%, about 40% to about 95%, about 50% to about 60%, about 50% to about 70%, about 50% to about 80%, It is an amount sufficient to improve by about 50% to about 90%, about 50% to about 95%, about 60% to about 70%, about 60% to about 80%, about 60% to about 90%, about 60% to about 95%, about 70% to about 80%, about 70% to about 90%, about 70% to about 95%, about 80% to about 90%, about 80% to about 95%, or about 90% to about 95%.

An effective amount of the disclosed plant drug composition may be an amount sufficient to dissolve, disperse, or otherwise remove one or more components that inhibit xylem sap flow in the xylem. In aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed plant drug composition is an amount sufficient to dissolve, disperse, or otherwise remove, for example, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90% or about 95% of one or more components that inhibit xylem sap flow in the xylem. In other aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed botanical pharmaceutical composition is an amount sufficient to dissolve, disperse, or otherwise remove, for example, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, or at least 95% of one or more components that inhibit xylem sap flow in the xylem. In another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed botanical pharmaceutical composition is an amount sufficient to dissolve, disperse, or otherwise remove, for example, up to 10%, up to 15%, up to 20%, up to 25%, up to 30%, up to 35%, up to 40%, up to 45%, up to 50%, up to 55%, up to 60%, up to 65%, up to 70%, up to 75%, up to 80%, up to 85%, up to 90%, or up to 95% of one or more components that inhibit xylem sap flow in the xylem. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed botanical pharmaceutical composition comprises one or more components that inhibit xylem sap flow in the xylem, for example, from about 10% to about 20%, from about 10% to about 30%, from about 10% to about 40%, from about 10% to about 50%, from about 10% to about 60%, from about 10% to about 70%, from about 10% to about 80%, from about 10% to about 90%, from about 10% to about 95%, from about 20% to about 30%, from about 20% to about 40%, from about 20% to about 50%, from about 20% to about 60%, from about 20% to about 70%, from about 20% to about 80%, from about 20% to about 90%, from about 20% to about 95%, from about 30% to about 40%, from about 30% to about 50%, from about 30% to about 60%, from about 30% to about 70%, from about 30% to about 80%, about 30% to about 90%, about 30% to about 95%, about 40% to about 50%, about 40% to about 60%, about 40% to about 70%, about 40% to about 80%, about 40% to about 90%, about 40% to about 95%, about 50% to about 60%, about 50% to about 70%, about 50% to about 80%, about 50% to about 90%, about 50% to about 95% , about 60% to about 70%, about 60% to about 80%, about 60% to about 90%, about 60% to about 95%, about 70% to about 80%, about 70% to about 90%, about 70% to about 95%, about 80% to about 90%, about 80% to about 95%, or about 90% to about 95% dissolved, dispersed, or otherwise removed.

An effective amount of the disclosed plant pharmaceutical composition may be an amount sufficient to dissolve, disperse, or otherwise remove one or more components that inhibit photosynthetic product flow in the phloem. In aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed plant pharmaceutical composition is an amount sufficient to dissolve, disperse, or otherwise remove, for example, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90% or about 95% of one or more components that inhibit photosynthetic product flow in the phloem. In other aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed plant pharmaceutical composition is an amount sufficient to dissolve, disperse, or otherwise remove, for example, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, or at least 95% of one or more components that inhibit photosynthate flow in the phloem. In another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed plant pharmaceutical composition is an amount sufficient to dissolve, disperse, or otherwise remove, for example, up to 10%, up to 15%, up to 20%, up to 25%, up to 30%, up to 35%, up to 40%, up to 45%, up to 50%, up to 55%, up to 60%, up to 65%, up to 70%, up to 75%, up to 80%, up to 85%, up to 90%, or up to 95% of one or more components that inhibit photosynthate flow in the phloem. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed plant pharmaceutical composition comprises one or more components that inhibit photosynthetic product flux in the phloem, for example, from about 10% to about 20%, from about 10% to about 30%, from about 10% to about 40%, from about 10% to about 50%, from about 10% to about 60%, from about 10% to about 70%, from about 10% to about 80%, from about 10% to about 90%, from about 10% to about 95%, from about 20% to about 30%, from about 20% to about 40%, from about 20% to about 50%, from about 20% to about 60%, from about 20% to about 70%, from about 20% to about 80%, from about 20% to about 90%, from about 20% to about 95%, from about 30% to about 40%, from about 30% to about 50%, from about 30% to about 60%, from about 30% to about 70%, about 30% to about 80%, about 30% to about 90%, about 30% to about 95%, about 40% to about 50%, about 40% to about 60%, about 40% to about 70%, about 40% to about 80%, about 40% to about 90%, about 40% to about 95%, about 50% to about 60%, about 50% to about 70%, about 50% to about 80%, about 50% to about 90%, about 50% to about 95 %, about 60% to about 70%, about 60% to about 80%, about 60% to about 90%, about 60% to about 95%, about 70% to about 80%, about 70% to about 90%, about 70% to about 95%, about 80% to about 90%, about 80% to about 95%, or about 90% to about 95% dissolved, dispersed, or otherwise removed.

An effective amount of the disclosed plant drug composition can be an amount sufficient to dissolve, disperse, or otherwise remove one or more components that inhibit water flow in the pipeline network of the irrigation system. In aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed plant drug composition is an amount sufficient to dissolve, disperse, or otherwise remove, for example, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90% or about 95% of one or more components that inhibit water flow in the pipeline network of the irrigation system. In another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed plant drug composition is an amount sufficient to dissolve, disperse, or otherwise remove, for example, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, or at least 95% of one or more components that inhibit water flow within the pipeline network of an irrigation system. In another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed botanical drug composition is an amount sufficient to dissolve, disperse, or otherwise remove, for example, up to 10%, up to 15%, up to 20%, up to 25%, up to 30%, up to 35%, up to 40%, up to 45%, up to 50%, up to 55%, up to 60%, up to 65%, up to 70%, up to 75%, up to 80%, up to 85%, up to 90%, or up to 95% of one or more components that inhibit water flow within the pipeline network of an irrigation system. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed botanical pharmaceutical composition can be administered to at least one of a number of plants to inhibit one or more components that inhibit water flow within the pipeline network of an irrigation system, for example, from about 10% to about 20%, from about 10% to about 30%, from about 10% to about 40%, from about 10% to about 50%, from about 10% to about 60%, from about 10% to about 70%, from about 10% to about 80%, from about 10% to about 90%, from about 10% to about 95%, from about 20% to about 30%, from about 20% to about 40%, from about 20% to about 50%, from about 20% to about 60%, from about 20% to about 70%, from about 20% to about 80%, from about 20% to about 90%, from about 20% to about 95%, from about 30% to about 40%, from about 30% to about 50%, from about 30% to about 60%, from about 30% to about 70%, about 30% to about 80%, about 30% to about 90%, about 30% to about 95%, about 40% to about 50%, about 40% to about 60%, about 40% to about 70%, about 40% to about 80%, about 40% to about 90%, about 40% to about 95%, about 50% to about 60%, about 50% to about 70%, about 50% to about 80%, about 50% to about 90%, about 50% to about 95%, about 60% to about 70%, about 60% to about 80%, about 60% to about 90%, about 60% to about 95%, about 70% to about 80%, about 70% to about 90%, about 70% to about 95%, about 80% to about 90%, about 80% to about 95%, or about 90% to about 95% dissolved, dispersed, or otherwise removed.

An effective amount of the disclosed plant drug composition can be an amount sufficient to improve water transport throughout a pipeline network. In aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed plant drug composition is an amount sufficient to improve water transport throughout a pipeline network by, for example, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90% or about 95%. In another aspect of this embodiment, the effective amount of the disclosed plant drug composition is an amount sufficient to improve water transport throughout the pipeline network by, for example, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, or at least 95%. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the effective amount of the disclosed plant drug composition is an amount sufficient to improve water transport throughout the pipeline network by, for example, up to 10%, up to 15%, up to 20%, up to 25%, up to 30%, up to 35%, up to 40%, up to 45%, up to 50%, up to 55%, up to 60%, up to 65%, up to 70%, up to 75%, up to 80%, up to 85%, up to 90%, or up to 95%. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed botanical agent composition can reduce water transport throughout a pipeline network by, for example, about 10% to about 20%, about 10% to about 30%, about 10% to about 40%, about 10% to about 50%, about 10% to about 60%, about 10% to about 70%, about 10% to about 80%, about 10% to about 90%, about 10% to about 95%, about 20% to about 30%, about 20% to about 40%, about 20% to about 50%, about 20% to about 60%, about 20% to about 70%, about 20% to about 80%, about 20% to about 90%, about 20% to about 95%, about 30% to about 40%, about 30% to about 50%, about 30% to about 60%, about 3 ... about 70%, about 30% to about 80%, about 30% to about 90%, about 30% to about 95%, about 40% to about 50%, about 40% to about 60%, about 40% to about 70%, about 40% to about 80%, about 40% to about 90%, about 40% to about 95%, about 50% to about 60%, about 50% to about 70%, about 50% to about 80%, about 50% to It is an amount sufficient to improve by about 90%, about 50% to about 95%, about 60% to about 70%, about 60% to about 80%, about 60% to about 90%, about 60% to about 95%, about 70% to about 80%, about 70% to about 90%, about 70% to about 95%, about 80% to about 90%, about 80% to about 95%, or about 90% to about 95%.

An effective amount of the disclosed plant drug compositions can be an amount sufficient to maintain and/or enhance the health and vitality of a plant. In aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed plant drug compositions is an amount sufficient to maintain and/or enhance the health and vitality of a plant by, for example, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90% or about 95%. In other aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed plant pharmaceutical compositions is an amount sufficient to maintain and/or enhance the health and vitality of a plant by, for example, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90% or at least 95%. In another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed plant pharmaceutical compositions is an amount sufficient to maintain and/or enhance the health and vitality of a plant by, for example, up to 10%, up to 15%, up to 20%, up to 25%, up to 30%, up to 35%, up to 40%, up to 45%, up to 50%, up to 55%, up to 60%, up to 65%, up to 70%, up to 75%, up to 80%, up to 85%, up to 90% or up to 95%. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed botanical pharmaceutical composition can be administered to maintain and/or improve the health and vitality of a plant, for example, from about 10% to about 20%, from about 10% to about 30%, from about 10% to about 40%, from about 10% to about 50%, from about 10% to about 60%, from about 10% to about 70%, from about 10% to about 80%, from about 10% to about 90%, from about 10% to about 95%, from about 20% to about 30%, from about 20% to about 40%, from about 20% to about 50%, from about 20% to about 60%, from about 20% to about 70%, from about 20% to about 80%, from about 20% to about 90%, from about 20% to about 95%, from about 30% to about 40%, from about 30% to about 50%, from about 30% to about 60%, from about 30% to about 70%, from about 30% to about 80%, from about 20% to about 90%, from about 20% to about 95%, from about 30% to about 40%, from about 30% to about 50%, from about 30% to about 60%, from about 30% to about 80%, from about 30% to about 9 ... % to about 70%, about 30% to about 80%, about 30% to about 90%, about 30% to about 95%, about 40% to about 50%, about 40% to about 60%, about 40% to about 70%, about 40% to about 80%, about 40% to about 90%, about 40% to about 95%, about 50% to about 60%, about 50% to about 70%, about 50% to about 80%, about 50% It is an amount sufficient to increase the concentration by about 90%, about 50% to about 95%, about 60% to about 70%, about 60% to about 80%, about 60% to about 90%, about 60% to about 95%, about 70% to about 80%, about 70% to about 90%, about 70% to about 95%, about 80% to about 90%, about 80% to about 95%, or about 90% to about 95%.

An effective amount of the disclosed plant drug composition can be a dilution ratio of the plant drug composition disclosed herein. In aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed plant drug composition can be, for example, a ratio of plant drug composition to diluent of about 1:50, about 1:75, about 1:100, about 1:125, about 1:150, about 1:175, about 1:200, about 1:225, about 1:250, about 1:275, about 1:300, about 1:325, about 1:350, about 1:375, about 1:400, about 1:425, about 1:450, about 1:475, about 1:500, about 1:525, about 1:550, about 1:575, or about 1:600. In other aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed botanical agent composition is, for example, a ratio of botanical agent composition to diluent of at least 1:50, at least 1:75, at least 1:100, at least 1:125, at least 1:150, at least 1:175, at least 1:200, at least 1:225, at least 1:250, at least 1:275, at least 1:300, at least 1:325, at least 1:350, at least 1:375, at least 1:400, at least 1:425, at least 1:450, at least 1:475, at least 1:500, at least 1:525, at least 1:550, at least 1:575, or at least 1:600. In another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed botanical agent composition is, for example, a ratio of botanical agent composition to diluent of up to 1:50, up to 1:75, up to 1:100, up to 1:125, up to 1:150, up to 1:175, up to 1:200, up to 1:225, up to 1:250, up to 1:275, up to 1:300, up to 1:325, up to 1:350, up to 1:375, up to 1:400, up to 1:425, up to 1:450, up to 1:475, up to 1:500, up to 1:525, up to 1:550, up to 1:575, or up to 1:600. In other aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed botanical drug composition can be, for example, from about 1:50 to about 1:100, from about 1:50 to about 1:200, from about 1:50 to about 1:300, from about 1:50 to about 1:400, from about 1:50 to about 1:500, from about 1:50 to about 1:600, from about 1:100 to about 1:200, from about 1:100 to about 1:300, from about 1:100 to about 1:400, from about 1:100 to about 1:500, The ratio of the plant drug composition to the diluent is 1:100 to about 1:600, about 1:200 to about 1:300, about 1:200 to about 1:400, about 1:200 to about 1:500, about 1:200 to about 1:600, about 1:300 to about 1:400, about 1:300 to about 1:500, about 1:300 to about 1:600, about 1:400 to about 1:500, about 1:400 to about 1:600, or about 1:500 to about 1:600. The above ratios of plant drug composition to diluent are typically concentrations that provide an effective amount for the disclosed methods and uses for controlling pathogens of plant diseases, the disclosed methods and uses for increasing plant growth and/or crop production, and the disclosed uses for controlling pathogens of plant diseases, as well as the disclosed methods and uses for maintaining or improving the efficiency of irrigation systems.

In aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed botanical agent composition is, for example, a ratio of botanical agent composition to diluent of about 1:500, about 1:750, about 1:1000, about 1:1250, about 1:1500, about 1:1750, about 1:2000, about 1:2250, about 1:2500, about 1:2750, about 1:3000, about 1:3250, about 1:3500, about 1:3750, about 1:4000, about 1:4250, about 1:4500, about 1:4750, about 1:5000, about 1:5250, about 1:5500, about 1:5750, about 1:6000, about 1:7000, about 1:8000, about 1:9000, or about 1:10000. In other aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed botanical agent composition is, for example, a ratio of botanical agent composition to diluent of at least 1:500, at least 1:750, at least 1:1000, at least 1:1250, at least 1:1500, at least 1:1750, at least 1:2000, at least 1:2250, at least 1:2500, at least 1:2750, at least 1:3000, at least 1:3250, at least 1:3500, at least 1:3750, at least 1:4000, at least 1:4250, at least 1:4500, at least 1:4750, at least 1:5000, at least 1:5250, at least 1:5500, at least 1:5750, at least 1:6000, at least 1:7000, at least 1:8000, at least 1:9000, or at least 1:10000. In another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed botanical agent composition is, for example, a ratio of botanical agent composition to diluent of up to 1:500, up to 1:750, up to 1:1000, up to 1:1250, up to 1:1500, up to 1:1750, up to 1:2000, up to 1:2250, up to 1:2500, up to 1:2750, up to 1:3000, up to 1:3250, up to 1:3500, up to 1:3750, up to 1:4000, up to 1:4250, up to 1:4500, up to 1:4750, up to 1:5000, up to 1:5250, up to 1:5500, up to 1:5750, up to 1:6000, up to 1:7000, up to 1:8000, up to 1:9000, or up to 1:10000. In other aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed botanical drug composition can be, for example, from about 1:500 to about 1:1000, from about 1:500 to about 1:2000, from about 1:500 to about 1:3000, from about 1:500 to about 1:4000, from about 1:500 to about 1:5000, from about 1:500 to about 1:6000, from about 1:500 to about 1:7000, from about 1:500 to about 1:8000, from about 1:500 to about 1:9000, from about 1:500 to about 1:10000, from about 1:1000 to about 1:2000, from about 1:1000 to about 1:3000, from about 1:1000 to about 1:400 0, about 1:1000 to about 1:5000, about 1:1000 to about 1:6000, about 1:1000 to about 1:7000, about 1:1000 to about 1:8000, about 1:1000 to about 1:9000, about 1:1000 to about 1:10000, about 1:2000 to about 1:3000, about 1:2000 to about 1:4000, about 1:2000 to about 1:5000, about 1:2000 to about 1:6000, about 1:2000 to about 1:7000, about 1:2000 to about 1:8000, about 1:2000 to about 1:9000, about 1:2000 to about 1:10000, about 1:300 0 to about 1:4000, about 1:3000 to about 1:5000, about 1:3000 to about 1:6000, about 1:3000 to about 1:7000, about 1:3000 to about 1:8000, about 1:3000 to about 1:9000, about 1:3000 to about 1:10000, about 1:4000 to about 1:5000, about 1:4000 to about 1:6000, about 1:4000 to about 1:7000, about 1:4000 to about 1:8000, about 1:4000 to about 1:9000, about 1:4000 to about 1:10000, about 1:5000 to about 1:6000, about 1:5000 to about 1:700 The botanical agent composition to diluent ratio may be 0, about 1:5000 to about 1:8000, about 1:5000 to about 1:9000, about 1:5000 to about 1:10000, about 1:6000 to about 1:7000, about 1:6000 to about 1:8000, about 1:6000 to about 1:9000, about 1:6000 to about 1:10000, about 1:7000 to about 1:8000, about 1:7000 to about 1:9000, about 1:7000 to about 1:10000, about 1:8000 to about 1:9000, about 1:8000 to about 1:10000 or about 1:9000 to about 1:10000. The ratio of the plant pharmaceutical composition to diluent is typically a concentration that provides an effective amount for the disclosed methods and uses for controlling pathogens of plant diseases, the disclosed methods and uses for increasing plant growth and/or crop production, and the disclosed methods and uses for controlling pathogens of plant diseases, as well as the disclosed methods and uses for maintaining or improving the efficiency of irrigation systems.

In aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed botanical pharmaceutical composition may be, for example, about 0.0001%, about 0.0002%, about 0.0003%, about 0.0004%, about 0.0005%, about 0.0006%, about 0.0007%, about 0.0008%, about 0.0009%, about 0.001%, about 0.002%, about 0.003%, about 0.004%, about 0.005%, about 0.006%, about 0.007%, about 0.00 The final concentration is about 8%, about 0.009%, about 0.01%, about 0.02%, about 0.03%, about 0.04%, about 0.05%, about 0.06%, about 0.07%, about 0.08%, about 0.09%, about 0.1%, about 0.2%, about 0.3%, about 0.4%, about 0.5%, about 0.6%, about 0.7%, about 0.8%, about 0.9%, about 1%, about 2%, about 3%, about 4%, about 5%, about 6%, about 7%, about 8%, about 9% or about 10%. In other aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed botanical drug composition may be, for example, at least 0.0001%, at least 0.0002%, at least 0.0003%, at least 0.0004%, at least 0.0005%, at least 0.0006%, at least 0.0007%, at least 0.0008%, at least 0.0009%, at least 0.001%, at least 0.002%, at least 0.003%, at least 0.004%, at least 0.005%, at least 0.006%, at least 0.007%, at least 0.008%, at least 0.009%, at least 0.01 %, at least 0.02%, at least 0.03%, at least 0.04%, at least 0.05%, at least 0.06%, at least 0.07%, at least 0.08%, at least 0.09%, at least 0.1%, at least 0.2%, at least 0.3%, at least 0.4%, at least 0.5%, at least 0.6%, at least 0.7%, at least 0.8%, at least 0.9%, at least 1%, at least 2%, at least 3%, at least 4%, at least 5%, at least 6%, at least 7%, at least 8%, at least 9% or at least 10% final concentration. In another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed botanical drug composition may be, for example, up to 0.0001%, up to 0.0002%, up to 0.0003%, up to 0.0004%, up to 0.0005%, up to 0.0006%, up to 0.0007%, up to 0.0008%, up to 0.0009%, up to 0.001%, up to 0.002%, up to 0.003%, up to 0.004%, up to 0.005%, up to 0.006%, up to 0.007%, up to 0.008%, up to 0.001%. A final concentration of 0.009%, up to 0.01%, up to 0.02%, up to 0.03%, up to 0.04%, up to 0.05%, up to 0.06%, up to 0.07%, up to 0.08%, up to 0.09%, up to 0.1%, up to 0.2%, up to 0.3%, up to 0.4%, up to 0.5%, up to 0.6%, up to 0.7%, up to 0.8%, up to 0.9%, up to 1%, up to 2%, up to 3%, up to 4%, up to 5%, up to 6%, up to 7%, up to 8%, up to 9% or up to 10%. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed botanical drug composition can be, for example, from about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, from about 0.0001% to about 0.001%, from about 0.0001% to about 0.005%, from about 0.0001% to about 0.01%, from about 0.0001% to about 0.05%, from about 0.0001% to about 0.1%, from about 0.0001% to about 0.5%, from about 0.0001% to about 1%, from about 0.0001% to about 5%, from about 0.0001% to about 10%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.0005% to about 0.005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.01%, about 0.0005% to about 0.05%, about 0.0005% to about 0.1%, about 0.0005% to about 0.5%, about 0.0005% to about 1%, about 0.0005% to about 5%, about 0.0005% to about 10%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.001% to about 0.01%, 0.001% to about 0.05%, about 0.001% to about 0.1% , 0.001% to about 0.5%, 0.001% to about 1%, 0.001% to about 5%, about 0.001% to about 10%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.005% to about 0.05%, about 0.005% to about 0.1%, about 0.005% to about 0.5%, about 0.005% to about 1%, about 0.005% to about 5%, about 0.005% to about 10%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.01% to about 0.1%, about 0.01% to about 0.5%, about 0.01% to about 1% , about 0.01% to about 5%, about 0.01% to about 10%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.05% to about 0.5%, about 0.05% to about 1%, about 0.05% to about 5%, about 0.05% to about 10%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.1% to about 1%, about 0.1% to about 5%, about 0.1% to about 10%, about 0.5% to about 1%, about 0.5% to about 5%, about 0.5% to about 10%, about 1% to about 5%, about 1% to about 10%, or about 5% to about 10% final concentration.

The efficacy of the plant drug compositions disclosed herein may be monitored by determining adverse effects, mortality, reduction in pathogen population, reduction in infestation or infestation at one or more sites, or any other assessment of damage to the pathogen population, including, but not limited to, inhibition, halting or delaying of pathogen growth, inhibition, halting or delaying of pathogen reproduction, or inhibition, halting or delaying of pathogen development, all of which are encompassed by the term "control". In addition, efficacy may be monitored by phytotoxicity to plants infested with the pathogen population, tissue damage to host plants infected with the pathogen population, as well as any adverse effects that may be experienced by humans who apply the disclosed plant drug compositions to infested plants or plants exposed to the plant drug compositions disclosed herein. Thus, the amount of the plant drug compositions disclosed herein used in the methods or uses disclosed herein meets the effective amount criteria above, and preferably exhibits minimal or no adverse effects on ornamental and agricultural plants (e.g., phytotoxicity), wildlife and humans that may come into contact with such compositions.

The application of the plant pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein can be carried out by any process that effectively generates the microbubbles disclosed herein and effectively exposes the pathogens to be controlled. For example, any method that can introduce a high concentration of gas into the plant pharmaceutical composition during application is suitable since the introduction of such gas naturally forms microbubbles. Suitable application processes include, but are not limited to, spraying, smoking, atomizing, vaporizing, scattering, irrigation, spouting, watering, etc. A preferred application method is manual or mechanical application by irrigation, spraying, smoking, atomizing, or vaporizing. In such application, a fine mist is formed that is sufficiently aerated during the process to generate the microbubbles disclosed herein. Microbubbles exposed to gas dispersed in a liquid exhibit colloidal properties and are called colloidal gas aphrons (CGA). CGAs differ from normal air bubbles in that they have a unique shell layer that contains a low concentration of surfactant.

The microbubbles formed by the botanical pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein are believed to enhance the mass transfer of oxygen in liquids. Without being bound by scientific theory, there are several possible reasons for this difference. First, the surfactants formulated in the botanical pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein include nonionic surfactants and/or biosurfactants, which significantly change the characteristics of the bubble behavior. Second, the botanical pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein require a much lower concentration of surfactant for microbubble formation. It has been suggested that the concentration of surfactant should be approximately equal to the critical micelle concentration (CMS) of the surfactant system. The botanical pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein form microbubbles below the estimated CMC of the surfactant used. This suggests that the microbubbles are the result of surfactant molecules aggregating with loose molecular packing that is more favorable for gas mass transfer properties. It is believed that the surface containing fewer surfactant molecules is more gas permeable than a well-organized micelle containing gas. Regardless of the mechanism, the tendency of the botanical pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein to come together to form clusters, aggregates, or gas-filled bubbles provides a platform for reactions to occur by increasing the local concentration of reactants, lowering the energy transfer required for catalytic reactions to occur, or by some other mechanism yet to be described.

In aspects of this embodiment, the microbubbles disclosed herein have an average diameter of, for example, about 5 μm, about 10 μm, about 15 μm, about 20 μm, about 25 μm, about 30 μm, about 40 μm, about 50 μm, about 75 μm, about 100 μm, about 150 μm, about 200 μm, about 250 μm, about 300 μm, about 350 μm, about 400 μm, about 450 μm, about 500 μm, about 550 μm, about 600 μm, about 650 μm, about 700 μm, about 750 μm, about 800 μm, about 850 μm, about 900 μm, about 950 μm, or about 1000 μm. In other aspects of this embodiment, the microbubbles disclosed herein have an average diameter of, for example, at least 5 μm, at least 10 μm, at least 15 μm, at least 20 μm, at least 25 μm, at least 30 μm, at least 40 μm, at least 50 μm, at least 100 μm, at least 150 μm, at least 200 μm, at least 250 μm, at least 300 μm, at least 350 μm, at least 400 μm, at least 450 μm, at least 500 μm, at least 550 μm, at least 600 μm, at least 650 μm, at least 700 μm, at least 750 μm, at least 800 μm, at least 850 μm, at least 900 μm, at least 950 μm, or at least 1000 μm. In other aspects of this embodiment, the microbubbles disclosed herein have an average diameter of, for example, at most 5 μm, at most 10 μm, at most 15 μm, at most 20 μm, at most 25 μm, at most 30 μm, at most 40 μm, at most 50 μm, at most 100 μm, at most 150 μm, at most 200 μm, at most 250 μm, at most 300 μm, at most 350 μm, at most 400 μm, at most 450 μm, at most 500 μm, at most 550 μm, at most 600 μm, at most 650 μm, at most 700 μm, at most 750 μm, at most 800 μm, at most 850 μm, at most 900 μm, at most 950 μm, or at most 1000 μm.

In aspects of this embodiment, the microbubbles disclosed herein have an average diameter of, for example, about 5 μm to about 10 μm, about 5 μm to about 15 μm, about 5 μm to about 20 μm, about 5 μm to about 25 μm, about 5 μm to about 30 μm, about 5 μm to about 40 μm, about 5 μm to about 50 μm, about 5 μm to about 75 μm, about 5 μm to about 100 μm, about 10 μm to about 15 μm, about 10 μm to about 20 μm, about 10 μm to about 25 μm, about 10 μm to about 30 μm, about 10 μm to about 40 μm , about 10 μm to about 50 μm, about 10 μm to about 75 μm, about 10 μm to about 100 μm, about 15 μm to about 20 μm, about 15 μm to about 25 μm, about 15 μm to about 30 μm, about 15 μm to about 40 μm, about 15 μm to about 50 μm, about 1 5 μm to about 75 μm, about 15 μm to about 100 μm, about 20 μm to about 25 μm, about 20 μm to about 30 μm, about 20 μm to about 40 μm, about 20 μm to about 50 μm, about 20 μm to about 75 μm, about 20 μm to about 100 μm, about 25 μm ~ about 30 μm, about 25 μm to about 40 μm, about 25 μm to about 50 μm, about 25 μm to about 75 μm, about 25 μm to about 100 μm, about 30 μm to about 40 μm, about 30 μm to about 50 μm, about 30 μm to about 75 μm, about 30 μm to about 1 00 μm, about 40 μm to about 50 μm, about 40 μm to about 75 μm, about 40 μm to about 100 μm, about 50 μm to about 75 μm, about 50 μm to about 100 μm, about 50 μm to about 150 μm, about 50 μm to about 200 μm, about 50 μm to about 2 50 μm, about 50 μm to about 300 μm, about 50 μm to about 350 μm, about 50 μm to about 400 μm, about 50 μm to about 450 μm, about 50 μm to about 500 μm, about 50 μm to about 550 μm, about 50 μm to about 600 μm, about 50 μm ~ about 650 μm, about 50 μm to about 700 μm, about 50 μm to about 750 μm, about 50 μm to about 800 μm, about 50 μm to about 850 μm, about 50 μm to about 900 μm, about 50 μm to about 950 μm, about 50 μm to about 1000 μm, about 100 μm to about 150 μm, about 100 μm to about 200 μm, about 100 μm to about 250 μm, about 100 μm to about 300 μm, about 100 μm to about 350 μm, about 100 μm to about 400 μm, about 100 μm to about 450 μm, about 10 0 μm to about 500 μm, about 100 μm to about 550 μm, about 100 μm to about 600 μm, about 100 μm to about 650 μm, about 100 μm to about 700 μm, about 100 μm to about 750 μm, about 100 μm to about 800 μm, about 100 μm ~about 850μm, about 100μm to about 900μm, about 100μm to about 950μm, about 100μm to about 1000μm, about 150μm to about 200μm, about 150μm to about 250μm, about 150μm to about 300μm, about 150μm to about 350 μm, about 150 μm to about 400 μm, about 150 μm to about 450 μm, about 150 μm to about 500 μm, about 150 μm to about 550 μm, about 150 μm to about 600 μm, about 150 μm to about 650 μm, about 150 μm to about 70 μm 0 μm, about 150 μm to about 750 μm, about 150 μm to about 800 μm, about 150 μm to about 850 μm, about 150 μm to about 900 μm, about 150 μm to about 950 μm, about 150 μm to about 1000 μm, about 200 μm to about 250 μm μm, about 200 μm to about 300 μm, about 200 μm to about 350 μm, about 200 μm to about 400 μm, about 200 μm to about 450 μm, about 200 μm to about 500 μm, about 200 μm to about 550 μm, about 200 μm to about 600 μm, about 200 μm to about 650 μm, about 200 μm to about 700 μm, about 200 μm to about 750 μm, about 200 μm to about 800 μm, about 200 μm to about 850 μm, about 200 μm to about 900 μm, about 200 μm to about 950 μm, about 20 0 μm to about 1000 μm, about 250 μm to about 300 μm, about 250 μm to about 350 μm, about 250 μm to about 400 μm, about 250 μm to about 450 μm, about 250 μm to about 500 μm, about 250 μm to about 550 μm, about 250 μm m to about 600 μm, about 250 μm to about 650 μm, about 250 μm to about 700 μm, about 250 μm to about 750 μm, about 250 μm to about 800 μm, about 250 μm to about 850 μm, about 250 μm to about 900 μm, about 250 μm to about about 950 μm, about 250 μm to about 1000 μm, about 300 μm to about 350 μm, about 300 μm to about 400 μm, about 300 μm to about 450 μm, about 300 μm to about 500 μm, about 300 μm to about 550 μm, about 300 μm to about 6 00 μm, about 300 μm to about 650 μm, about 300 μm to about 700 μm, about 300 μm to about 750 μm, about 300 μm to about 800 μm, about 300 μm to about 850 μm, about 300 μm to about 900 μm, about 300 μm to about 950 μm, about 300 μm to about 1000 μm, about 350 μm to about 400 μm, about 350 μm to about 450 μm, about 350 μm to about 500 μm, about 350 μm to about 550 μm, about 350 μm to about 600 μm, about 350 μm to about 650 μm , about 350 μm to about 700 μm, about 350 μm to about 750 μm, about 350 μm to about 800 μm, about 350 μm to about 850 μm, about 350 μm to about 900 μm, about 350 μm to about 950 μm, about 350 μm to about 1000 μm, about 400 μm to about 450 μm, about 400 μm to about 500 μm, about 400 μm to about 550 μm, about 400 μm to about 600 μm, about 400 μm to about 650 μm, about 400 μm to about 700 μm, about 400 μm to about 750 μm, about 40 0 μm to about 800 μm, about 400 μm to about 850 μm, about 400 μm to about 900 μm, about 400 μm to about 950 μm, about 400 μm to about 1000 μm, about 450 μm to about 500 μm, about 450 μm to about 550 μm, about 450 μm m to about 600 μm, about 450 μm to about 650 μm, about 450 μm to about 700 μm, about 450 μm to about 750 μm, about 450 μm to about 800 μm, about 450 μm to about 850 μm, about 450 μm to about 900 μm, about 450 μm to about 950 μm, about 450 μm to about 1000 μm, about 500 μm to about 550 μm, about 500 μm to about 600 μm, about 500 μm to about 650 μm, about 500 μm to about 700 μm, about 500 μm to about 750 μm, about 500 μm to about 8 00 μm, about 500 μm to about 850 μm, about 500 μm to about 900 μm, about 500 μm to about 950 μm, about 500 μm to about 1000 μm, about 550 μm to about 600 μm, about 550 μm to about 650 μm, about 550 μm to about 700 μm μm, approximately 550 μm to approximately 750 μm, approximately 550 μm to approximately 800 μm, approximately 550 μm to approximately 850 μm, approximately 550 μm to approximately 900 μm, approximately 550 μm to approximately 950 μm, approximately 550 μm to approximately 1000 μm, approximately 600 μm to approximately 650 μm , about 600 μm to about 700 μm, about 600 μm to about 750 μm, about 600 μm to about 800 μm, about 600 μm to about 850 μm, about 600 μm to about 900 μm, about 600 μm to about 950 μm, about 600 μm to about 1000 μm, about 650 μm to about 700 μm, about 650 μm to about 750 μm, about 650 μm to about 800 μm, about 650 μm to about 850 μm, about 650 μm to about 900 μm, about 650 μm to about 950 μm, about 650 μm to about 1000 μm, about 7 00 μm to about 750 μm, about 700 μm to about 800 μm, about 700 μm to about 850 μm, about 700 μm to about 900 μm, about 700 μm to about 950 μm, about 700 μm to about 1000 μm, about 750 μm to about 800 μm, about 750 μm to about 850 μm, about 750 μm to about 900 μm, about 750 μm to about 950 μm, about 750 μm to about 1000 μm, about 800 μm to about 850 μm, about 800 μm to about 900 μm, about 800 μm to about 950 μm, about 800 μm to about 1000 μm, about 850 μm to about 900 μm, about 850 μm to about 950 μm, about 850 μm to about 1000 μm, about 900 μm to about 950 μm, about 900 μm to about 1000 μm, or about 950 μm to about 1000 μm.

Aspects of the present specification disclose, in part, plants. Examples of plants include plants, plant groups or parts of plants, as well as specific land areas such as lawns, gardens or farmland. The term "plant" as used herein refers to any organism that belongs to the kingdom Plantae and forms the phylum Chlorophyta. Non-limiting examples include flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms, ferns, club mosses, hornworts, liverworts, mosses and green algae, but do not include red algae, brown algae, fungi, archaea, bacteria and animals. Vascular plants include club mosses, horsetails, ferns, gymnosperms (including conifers) and angiosperms (flowering plants). Scientific names for this group include Tracheophyta and Tracheobionta. The term "flower" as used herein is synonymous with "bloom" or "blossom" and refers to the reproductive structure found in angiosperms. The term "crop plant" as used herein refers to a plant from which a crop is obtained. Non-limiting examples include plants from which fruits, seeds, nuts, grains, oils, wood and fiber are obtained. The term "crop" as used herein refers to a plant product that has economic value. Non-limiting examples include fruits, seeds, nuts, grains, oils, wood and fiber.

Aspects of the present specification disclose, in part, locations. Thus, the plant pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein are advantageously used in a wide variety of locations, including, but not limited to, home, lawn and garden, agricultural, organic agriculture, greenhouses and nurseries, stored produce, professional plant trade, foliage, underwater or submerged, soil incorporation, nursery box treatment, intrastem injection, and planting treatment applications.

Plant diseases that may be treated by the plant pharmaceutical compositions, methods and/or uses disclosed herein include, but are not limited to, anthracnose, blight, canker, clubroot, damping-off, gall, blight, spot, powdery mildew, mold, mosaic virus disease, rot, rust, scab, smut and wilt.

Anthracnose or bird's eye disease refers to a group of plant diseases caused by various fungi belonging to the genera Colletotrichum, Gloeosporium, Glomerella, and Elsinoe, affecting a variety of plants in warm and humid regions. The anthracnose fungus usually infects growing shoots and leaves, producing spores in fine, dish-shaped sporangia known as pycnidia. Symptoms include small, sunken, necrotic spots or lesions with raised borders of various colors on leaves, stems, fruits, or flowers, and in some infections, cankers on twigs and branches. Anthracnose causes wilting, withering, and necrosis of tissues, but the severity of the infection depends on both the pathogen and the plant species infected and can range from simple unsightlyness to necrosis. Shade trees such as sycamore, ash, oak and maple are particularly susceptible, and the disease can affect several plants, including grasses and annuals. Examples of anthracnose include, but are not limited to, grape anthracnose (Elsinoe ampelina), persimmon anthracnose (Gloeosporium kaki), strawberry anthracnose (Glomerella cingulata), cucumber anthracnose (Colletotrichum lagenarium), bean anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemthianum), tea anthracnose (Colletotrichum theaechinensis), and the like. theaesinensis) and tobacco anthracnose (Colletotrichum tabacum).

Blight refers to a group of plant diseases caused by a variety of fungi and bacteria and characterized by symptoms such as rapid and severe chlorosis, yellowing, browning, mottling, wilting and subsequent necrosis of plant tissues such as leaves, branches, twigs or flower organs. Both fungal and bacterial blights are most common under cold, wet conditions and usually affect the shoots and other young, fast-growing tissues of the plant. Most economically important plants, including tomatoes, potatoes and apples as well as many ornamental species, are susceptible to one or more blight diseases. Blight diseases are often named after their causative pathogens; for example, Colletotrichum blight is named after the fungus Colletotrichum capsici, and Phytophthora blight is named after the aquatic fungus Phytophthora parasitica. Examples of blight diseases include, but are not limited to, Alternaria blight (summer blight) (Alternaria solani), Fusarium blight (Fusarium gaminearum, F. avenaceum, F. culmorum, Microdochium nivale), Phytophthora blight (leaf blight) (Phytophthora infestans), Rhizoctonia seedling blight (Rhizoctonia solani), and the like. solani); Rhizoctonia leaf blight (Rhizoctonia solani), brown sclerotinia rot (Typhula spp.), Monilia disease of apple (Monilinia mali), white leaf blight of rice (Xanthomonas oryzae), chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica), fire blight of pome fruit (Erwinia amylovora), ring spot (Pestalotiopsis spp.), leaf blight (Septoria chrysanthemi-indicii). chrysanthemi-indici), Thanatephorus cucumeris, net blight (Exobasidium reticulatum), sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani), peanut southern blight (Sclerotium rolfsii), corn leaf spot (Cochliobolus heterostrophus, Bipolaris maydis) maydis), soybean black spot (Diaporthe phaseolorum var. sojae), and vine blight (Mycosphaerella melonis).

Canker refers to a common and widespread group of plant diseases caused by many fungi and bacteria and found primarily in a variety of woody plants. Symptoms include circular or irregularly shaped, sunken, swollen, flattened, or cracked, discolored, dieback, or necrotic areas on the stem (sugar cane), twigs, branches, or trunk. Canker can swell and surround the twig or branch, causing the foliage below to die. Canker can structurally weaken the plant to the point that it breaks in wind or icy weather. Canker also slows normal wound healing and allows the introduction of fungi and other microorganisms that cause wood decay or wilting. They are most common in plants weakened by cold or drought stress, insect damage, nutrient imbalances, nematodes, or root rot. Canker diseases can be classified as annual (Fusarium canker), perennial (Nectria canker, Eutypella canker) and widespread (Botryosphaeria canker, Phytophthora blight, Chitospora canker). Examples of canker diseases include, but are not limited to, fungal canker diseases such as apple canker (Valsa ceratosperma), Botryosphaeria canker, Chitospora canker, Euthypella (maple) canker, Nectria canker, Phytophthora blight, Urnula (oak) canker, and bacterial canker diseases such as Erwinia canker, Pseudomonas canker (Pseudomonas syringae), and Xanthomonas canker.

Clubroot is a group of plant diseases caused by the soil fungus Plasmodiophora brassicae that affect members of the cabbage family and is characterized by misshapen (club-shaped) roots that often crack and rot. As a result, the plant has difficulty properly absorbing water and nutrients. Plant growth slows and the plant may wilt during the warmer days, recovering during the cooler nights. Eventually the outer leaves turn yellow or brown. Clubroot reduces yields and can destroy the entire plant.

Damping-off refers to a group of plant diseases of seeds and seedlings caused by several fungi, including species in the genera Fusarium, Phytophthora, Pythium, and Rhizoctonia, including R. solani, and is characterized by symptoms such as decay of stem and root tissue below the soil surface. In most cases, infected plants begin to germinate and emerge, but within a few days they become waterlogged and misshapen, collapse from the base, and die.

Galls refer to a group of plant diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses, and nematodes, as well as certain insects, and characterized by symptoms such as abnormal localized proliferation or enlargement of plant tissue. Galls infect and kill vines, ornamentals, fruit trees, brambles, shade trees, and vegetables. Galls occur as a secondary consequence of infection with other plant diseases, including cedar-apple rust; clubroot disease, and corn smut. Examples of galls include, but are not limited to, black club (Dibotryon morbosum) and crown gall (Agrobacterium tumefaciens).

Leaf curl disease, also called shriveled leaf disease, is a group of plant diseases affecting many woody plants and ferns worldwide. It is caused by a fungus of the genus Taphrina and is characterized by curled, curled leaves. When the weather is cold and wet at the time of germination, the leaves swell, curl, and distort, and have yellow, red, purple, brown, white, or gray spots on the upper surface and gray pits on the underside. These leaves usually die and fall prematurely, weakening the plant. Leaf fall caused by shriveled leaf disease can greatly reduce fruit production and even cause the tree to die. Shriveled leaf disease affects peach, nectarine, plum, almond, amplexicaule, apricot, birch, cherry, buckthorn, California horse chestnut, alder, oak, and poplar. Examples of filamentous fungi include, but are not limited to, leaf curl disease (Taphrina deformans).

Leaf spot refers to a group of plant diseases caused by a number of fungi and bacteria and characterized by spots on the leaves of plants. Infected plants have brown or black, usually uniformly sized, water-soaked spots on the foliage that may have a yellow halo. Under moist conditions, the spots enlarge and merge. Under dry conditions, the spots have the appearance of small stains. As the spots increase in number, the entire leaf may turn yellow, wither and fall off. Fungal spot diseases include those caused by the genera Alternaria, Asterina, Asterinella, Cercospora, Cercosporella, Cochliobolus, Corynespora, Diplocarpon, Diplotheca, Gleocercospoides, and others. These include species of the genera Gloeocercospora, Glomerella, Gnomonia, Phomopsis, Placosphaeria, Pyrenophora, Schizothyrium, Sclerotinia, Septoria and Stigmea. In addition to affecting lettuce, fungal spot diseases can also occur on cruciferous and other vegetables, including cabbage, cauliflower, Chinese cabbage, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, kohlrabi, kale, turnip and rutabaga. Fungal spot also infects strawberries, aspens and poplars. Spot disease causes several other problems. Fungal spot diseases include species of the genus Pseudomonas. Bacterial spot disease particularly affects members of the genus Prunus (stone fruits including cherries, plums, almonds, apricots and peaches), which are particularly susceptible to bacterial spot disease. Fruit may appear spotted or have brown sunken areas. Bacterial spot also infects tomato and pepper crops and some annual and perennial flowering plants including roses, geraniums, zinnias, daisies and daisies. Examples of wilt spot diseases include, but are not limited to, Alternaria spot disease (Alternaria alternata, Alternaria brassicicola, Alternaria japonica), black spot disease (Alternaria alternata, Diplocarpon rosae), brown spot disease (Alternaria longipes, Cochliobolus miyabeanus, Phomopsis vexans), and the like. vexans, Septoria glycines, Cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora beticola), dollar spot (Sclerotinia homeocarpa), early leaf spot (Cercospora personata), soybean leaf spot (Cercospora sojina), gray spot (Cercospora zeae-maydis), black spot (Cercospora arachidicola), arachidicola), leaf spot (Cercospora kaki, Mycosphaerella nawae), yellow spot (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis), white spot (Cercosporella brassicae), brown ring spot (Corynespora cassiicola), and ring leaf spot (Gloeocercospora sorghi).

Powdery mildew refers to a group of plant diseases caused by numerous fungi and characterized by the growth of a white, gray, bluish, or purple powder, usually on the upper or lower surfaces of leaves. Small black spots appear and produce spores that are blown by the wind to infect new plants. When powdery mildew is widespread, leaves turn brown and often wilt and die prematurely, and fruit ripens prematurely with poor texture and flavor. Seedlings may wilt and fall. Hundreds of species of trees, shrubs, vines, flowers, vegetables, fruits, grasses, field crops, horticultural plants, shrub fruits, and weeds can be affected by powdery mildew. Examples of powdery mildews include, but are not limited to, downy mildew (Basidiophora spp., Bremia lactucae and other Bremia spp., Erysiphe graminis, Plasmopara viticola, Podosphaera, Peronospora destructor, Peronospora parasitica, Peronospora sparsa, Peronospora tabacina, Peronospora spp. ... tabacina and other Peronospora spp., Phytophthora spp., Plasmopara spp., Pseudoperonospora cubensis and other Pseudoperonospora spp. and Sclerospora spp.) and powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum, Erysiphe graminis, Erysiphe pisi, pisi and other Erysiphe species, Microsphaera, Phyllactinia, Podosphaera leucotricha and other Podosphaera species, Sphaerotheca fuliginea, Sphaerotheca humuli, Sphaerotheca pannosa and other Sphaerotheca species, and Uncinula necator. necator and other Uncinula species.

Mold refers to a group of plant diseases caused by several fungi and characterized by symptoms such as a powdery or woolly appearance on the surface of infected plant parts. Mold affects a variety of plants, including cereals, forage grasses, and turfgrasses, especially during wet, cool to warm weather. Examples of mold include, but are not limited to, gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), leaf mold (Cladosporium fulvum), pink snow mold (Fusarium nivale), and snow mold (Typhula itoana).

Mosaic virus disease refers to a group of plant diseases caused by plant viruses and characterized by symptoms such as the appearance of several nutrient deficiencies. Foliage appears with yellow streaks or spots, leaves become wrinkled and curled, growth is stunted, and yield is reduced. Infected fruits have a mottled appearance and develop raised "warty" areas. Mosaic viruses affect a wide variety of plants, including rose, bean, tobacco, tomato, potato, and pepper. Examples of mosaic virus species include, but are not limited to, beet mosaic virus, plum pox virus (Potyvirus spp.), tobacco mosaic virus (Tobamovirus spp.), cassava mosaic virus (Begomovirus spp.), cowpea mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus, alfalfa mosaic virus, millet mosaic satellite virus, pumpkin mosaic virus, tulip mosaic virus, and zucchini yellow mosaic virus.

Rot, also called rot, refers to a group of plant diseases caused by any of hundreds of soil fungi and bacteria and characterized by symptoms of decomposition and decay of plant matter. Decomposition and decay can result from decay of roots, stems, wood, flowers, and/or fruit. Rot can be hard and dry, soft and mushy, watery, misshapen, or slimy, and any plant part can be affected. Many rot diseases are most active in stored fruit, roots, bulbs, or tubers. Some rot diseases cause leaf decay, but the symptoms tend to be spot and blight. Examples of rot diseases include, but are not limited to, Aphanomyces root rot (Aphanomyces cochlioides), Phomopsis rot (Phomopsis spp.), Late blight (Phytophthora cactorum, Phytophthora sojae, other Phytophthora spp.), Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Bitter rot (Colletotrichum actatum), and others. acutatum), black rot (Guignardia bidwellii), brown rot (Monilinia fructicola), crown rot (Phytophthora cactorum), fruit rot (Penicillium digitatum, P. italicum), mushroom rot, scarlet rot (Phytophthora erythroseptica), late rot (Glomerella cingulata) cingulata), root rot (Aphanomyces spp., Armillaria mellea, Clitocybe tabescens, Fusarium spp., Pythium spp., Phytophthora spp., Thanatephorus cucumeris), stem rot and wood rot.

Rust refers to a group of plant diseases caused by over 5,000 fungal species and characterized by the appearance of yellow, orange, red, reddish-brown, brown or black warty bumps covering the leaves, young shoots and fruits of thousands of economically important plants. Plant growth and reproduction are usually reduced, and some plants gradually die, leaving only the roots. Rust fungi infect one plant (homoparasitic or monoecious rust) or two different plants (heteroparasitic rust) during their life cycle. Homoparasitic rusts include those that affect asparagus, bean, chrysanthemum, coffee, hollyhock, snapdragon and sugarcane. Heteroparasitic rusts include those that affect cereals, grasses, juniper, fir, poplar, apple, Japanese quince, hawthorn, rose, gooseberry and gooseberry. Examples of rust diseases include, but are not limited to, asparagus rust, barley rust (Puccinia striiformis, P. graminis, P. hordei), black rust (Puccinia graminis), cedar-apple rust, rust (Phragmidium spp.), grape rust (Phakopsora ampelopsidis), leaf rust (Puccinia triticina triticina), and the like. triticia), pear rust (Gymnosporangium haraeanum), southern rust (Puccinia polvsora), soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi), yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis tritici), onion rust (Puccinia allii), wheat rust (Puccinia striiformis striiformis, P. graminis, P. recondita, white rust (Albugo species, Puccinia horiana) and white pine rust (Cronartium ribicola).

Scab refers to a group of plant diseases caused by several fungi and bacteria and characterized by hardening, excessive growth, and sometimes cracking (crusty lesions) of fruit, tuber, leaf, or stem tissue. Leaves of diseased plants may die and fall off prematurely. Scab affects trees or plants such as apple, crabapple, cereals, cucumber, peach, pecan, photinia, potato, and pyracantha. Fruit scab can be a major problem for apple and peach, and potatoes are especially susceptible to scab. Examples of scab include, but are not limited to, apple scab (Venturia inaequalis), citris scab (Elsinoe fawcetti), scab (Streptomyces scabies), peach scab (Cladosporium carpophilum), scab (Venturia nashicola, V. pirina), potato powdery scab (Spongospora subterranean specialis subterranean), and the like. f. sp. subterranea) and white spot (Elsinoe leucospira).

Smut refers to a group of plant diseases caused by fungi and characterized by the accumulation of fungal spores in sooty masses called sporangia that form in eruptions on seeds, leaves, stems, inflorescences, and bulbs. The sporangia usually crumble into a black powder that is easily spread by wind. Most smut fungi invade the plant embryo or seedling and spread systemically, only becoming visible externally as the plant approaches maturity. Other smuts are localized and actively infect growing tissues. Smut is most common in grasses, cereals, and corn (maize), sugarcane, and sorghum. Examples of smut include, but are not limited to, barley smut (Ustilago nuda), corn smut (Ustilago maydis, U. zeae), naked smut (Ustilago tritici), and grass smut (Tilletia caries).

Wilt refers to a group of plant diseases caused by numerous fungi and bacteria and characterized by permanent stunting, wilting and death, often followed by total or partial death of the plant. Fungi that cause wilt include Fusarium and Verticillium species, while bacteria that cause wilt include Corynebacterium, Erwinia, Pseudomonas, and Xanthomonas species. Wilt affects over 500 species of trees, shrubs, vines, flowers, ornamentals, vegetables, fruits, field crops, and weeds. Examples of wilt diseases include, but are not limited to, Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum), Oak wilt (Ceratocystis fagacearum), Stewart's wilt, and Verticillium wilt (Verticillium alboatrum, V. dahliae).

Pathogens whose populations may be controlled by the plant pharmaceutical compositions, methods and/or uses disclosed herein include, but are not limited to, viruses, bacteria, fungi and nematodes. Additionally, all developmental stages may be controlled by the plant pharmaceutical compositions, methods and/or uses disclosed herein, including, but are not limited to, eggs, larvae, larvae, juveniles, pupae and adults.

The plant pharmaceutical compositions, methods and/or uses disclosed herein can control populations of pathogens belonging to the kingdoms Monera, Fungi and Nematoda. In one embodiment, the plant pharmaceutical compositions, methods and/or uses disclosed herein can control populations of pathogens belonging to the domains Eubacteria and Cyanobacteria (referred to as bacterial pathogens). In aspects of this embodiment, the plant pharmaceutical compositions, methods and/or uses disclosed herein may control a population of pathogens belonging to the phyla Acidobacteria, Actinomycetes, Aquifex, Armatimonads, Bacteroidetes, Caldicellicum, Chlamydiae, Green Sulfur Bacteria, Green Non-Sulfur Bacteria, Chrysiogenes, Cyanobacteria, Deferibacter, Deinococcus-Thermus (Thermus), Dictyoglomus, Yersimicrobia, Fibrobacter, Firmicutes, Fusobacterium, Gematimonads, Lentisphaera, Nitrospira, Planctomyces, Proteobacteria, Spirochaetes, Synergistes, Tenericutes, Thermodesulfobacteria, Thermomicrobia, Thermotoga or Verrucomicrobia. A non-exhaustive list of specific genera of bacterial pathogens includes, but is not limited to, the genera Agrobacterium, Corynebacterium, Cryphonectria, Erwinia, Penicillium, Pseudomonas, Streptomyces, and Xanthomonas. A non-exhaustive list of specific species of bacterial pathogens includes, but is not limited to, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Cryphonectria parasitica, Erwinia amylovora, Penicillium digitatum, P. italicum, Pseudomonas syringae, Streptomyces scabies, and Xanthomonas oryzae.

In another embodiment, the plant pharmaceutical compositions, methods and/or uses disclosed herein can control populations of pathogens belonging to the order Virales. A non-exhaustive list of specific genera referred to as viral pathogens includes, but is not limited to, Begomovirus, Potyvirus and Tobamovirus.

In another embodiment, the plant pharmaceutical compositions, methods and/or uses disclosed herein can control populations of pathogens belonging to the phyla Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Imperfectomycota or Zygomycota. A non-exhaustive list of specific genera referred to as fungal pathogens includes, but is not limited to, the genera Albugo, Alternaria, Aphanomyces, Armillaria, Asterina, Asterinella, Basidiophora, Bipolaris, Botryosphaeria, and the like. Botryosphaeria, Botrytis, Bremia, Ceratocystis, Cercospora, Cercosporella, Cladosporium, Clitocybe, Cochliobolus, Colletotrichum, letotrichum, Corynespora, Cronarthium, Cytospora, Diaporthe, Dibotryon, Diplocarpon, Diplotheca, Elsinoe, Erysiphe, Eutypera Eutypella), Exobasidium, Fusarium, Gloeocercospora, Gloeosporium, Glomerella, Gnomonia, Guignardia, Gymnosporangium, Microdoki Microdochium, Microsphaera, Monilinia, Mycosphaerella, Nectria, Peronospora, Pestalotiopsis, Phakopsora, Phomopsis, Phragmidium Phragmidium, Phyllactinia, Phytophthora, Placosphaeria, Plasmodiophora, Plasmopara, Podosphaera, Pseudoperonospora, Puccinia nia), Pyrenophora, Pythium, Rhizoctonia, Schizothyrium, Sclerospora, Sclerotinia, Septoria, Sphaerotheca, Spongospora, and Stiphragm. The genera include Stigmea, Taphrina, Thanatephorus, Tilletia, Typhula, Uncinula, Urnula, Ustilago, Valsa, Venturia and Verticillium. A non-exhaustive list of specific species of fungal pathogens includes, but is not limited to, Alternaria alternata, Alternaria brassicicola, Alternaria japonica, Alternaria longipes, Alternaria solani, Aphanomyces cochlioides, Armillaria mellea, Bipolaris maydis, Botrytis chinellae, and the like. cinerea), Bremia lactucae, Ceratocystis fagacearum, Cercospora arachidicola, C. beticola, C. kaki, C. personata, C. sojina, C. zeae-maydis, Cercosporella brassicae, Cladosporium carpophilum, C. C. fulvum, Clitocybe tabescens, Cochliobolus heterostrophus, C. miyabeanus, Colletotrichum acutatum, C. capsici, C. lagenarium, C. lindemthianum, C. theaeshinensis, C. C. tabacum, Corynespora cassiicola, Cronarthium ribicola, Diaporthe phaseolorum, Dibotryon morbosum, Diplocarpon rosae, Elsinoe ampelina, E. fawcetti, E. leucospira, Erysiphe cichoracearum, E. graminis, E. pisi, Exobasidium reticulatum, Fusarium avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. gaminearum, F. oxysporum, F. F. nivale, Gloeocercospora sorghii, Gloeosporium kaki, Glomerella cingulata, Guignardia bidwellii, Gymnosporangium haraeanum, Microdochium nivale, Monilinia laxa, M. fructigena, M. fructicola, M. mali, Mycosphaerella melonis, M. nawae, Peronospora destructor, P. parasitica, P. sparsa, P. tabacina, Phakopsora ampelopsidis, P. pachyrhizi, Phomopsis juniperovora, P. P. vexans, Phytophthora cactorum, P. erythroseptica, P. infestans, P. parasitica, P. sojae, Plasmodiophora brassicae, Plasmopara viticola, Podosphaera leucotricha, Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, Pseudoperonospora cubensis, Puccinia allii, P. graminis, P. hordei, P. horiana, P. P. polvsora, P. recondita, P. striiformis, P. triticina triticia, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia homeocarpa, S. rolfsii, S. sclerotiorum, Septoria chrysanthemi-indici, S. glycines, S. S. lycopersici, Sphaerotheca fuliginea, S. humuli, S. S. pannosa, Spongospora subterranean, Taphrina deformans, Thanatephorus cucumeris, Tilletia caries, Typhula itoana, Uncinula necator, Ustilago maydis, U. nuda, U. tritici, U. These include U. zeae, Valsa ceratosperma, Venturia inaequalis, V. nashicola, V. pirina, Verticillium alboatrum, and V. dahlia.

In another embodiment, the plant pharmaceutical compositions, methods and/or uses disclosed herein can control populations of pathogens belonging to the phylum Nematoda (strongylida). A non-exhaustive list of specific genera referred to as nematode pathogens includes, but is not limited to, the genera Aphelenchoides, Belonolaimus, Criconemella, Dirofilaria, Ditylenchus, Heterodera, Hirschmanniella, Hoplolaimus, Meloidogyne, Onchocerca, Pratylenchus, Radopholus, and Rotylenchulus. A non-exhaustive list of specific species of nematode pathogens includes, but is not limited to, Dirofilaria immitis, Heterodera zeae, Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica, Onchocerca volvulus, Radopholus similis, and Rotylenchulus reniformis.

The plant pharmaceutical compositions, methods and uses described herein are non-phytotoxic, have little potential for harm to mammals or the environment, and can be safely applied to economically valuable plants or crops. Furthermore, the plant pharmaceutical compositions, methods and uses described herein can be used indoors and outdoors and do not soften, dissolve or otherwise adversely affect the surfaces being treated. Finally, pathogens do not develop resistance to the plant pharmaceutical compositions, methods and uses described herein.

Other aspects of the present specification can be described as follows:
1. A method for controlling a pathogen of a plant disease comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of applying an effective amount of a plant drug composition to one or more plants infested with a pathogen and/or to one or more loci such that the pathogen is exposed to the plant drug composition, wherein application of the plant drug composition produces a detrimental effect on the pathogen of the plant disease to be controlled, the composition comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of a treated fermented microbial supernatant and one or more non-ionic surfactants, and does not contain any active enzymes or viable bacteria, and has a pH of up to 5.0.
2. A method of increasing plant growth and/or crop production comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of applying an effective amount of a plant pharmaceutical composition to one or more plants and/or to one or more locations where one or more plants are exposed to the plant pharmaceutical composition, wherein application of the plant pharmaceutical composition results in improved absorption by root hairs, improved xylem sap flow through the xylem and improved photosynthate flow in the phloem, increased absorption of water, minerals and other nutrients from the soil, increased capillary action and/or hydrostatic pressure in the xylem and/or increased synthesis of compounds and energy and/or disruption of one or more components that inhibit xylem sap flow and/or photosynthate flow, wherein the composition comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of treated fermented microbial supernatant and one or more non-ionic surfactants, and does not contain any active enzymes or viable bacteria, and has a pH of up to 5.0.
3. A method of maintaining or improving the efficiency of an irrigation system comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of applying an effective amount of a plant agent composition to one or more pipes in a pipeline network of the irrigation system, wherein application of the plant agent composition substantially removes one or more components that inhibit the pipeline network or networks of the irrigation system, the composition comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of treated fermented microbial supernatant and one or more non-ionic surfactants, and is free of any active enzymes or viable bacteria, and has a pH of up to 5.0.
4. Use of an effective amount of a plant pharmaceutical composition for controlling plant diseases, the composition comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of treated fermented microbial supernatant and one or more non-ionic surfactants, and containing no active enzymes or viable bacteria, and having a pH of up to 5.0.
5. Use of an effective amount of a plant pharmaceutical composition to increase plant growth and/or crop production, the composition comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of treated fermented microbial supernatant and one or more non-ionic surfactants, and containing no active enzymes or viable bacteria, and having a pH of up to 5.0.
6. Use of an effective amount of a plant pharmaceutical composition to maintain or improve the efficiency of an irrigation system, the composition comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of a treated fermented microbial supernatant and one or more non-ionic surfactants, and containing no active enzymes or viable bacteria, and having a pH of up to 5.0.
7. The method according to embodiment 1-3 or the use according to embodiment 4-6, wherein the treated fermentation microbial supernatant is derived from a fermentation yeast supernatant, a fermentation bacterial supernatant, a fermentation mold supernatant or any combination thereof.
8. The fermentation yeast supernatant is preferably free of any of the following species: Brettanomyces, Candida, Cyberlindnera, Cystofilobasidium, Debaryomyces, Dekkera, Fusarium, Geotrichum, and the like. um), Issatchenkia, Kazachstania, Kloeckera, Kluyveromyces, Lecanicillium, Mucor, Neurospora, Pediococcus, Penicillium, Penicillium, Pichia, Rhizopus, Rhodosporidium, Rhodotorula, Saccharomyces, Schizosaccharomyces, Thrichosporon, Torula, 7. The method or use according to embodiment 6, wherein the yeast is obtained from a yeast species belonging to the genus Torulaspora, Torulopsis, Verticillium, Yarrowia, Zygosaccharomyces or Zygotorulaspora.
9. The method or use according to embodiment 6, wherein the fermentation yeast supernatant is produced from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
10. The fermentation bacteria supernatant is selected from the group consisting of Acetobacter, Arthrobacter, Aerococcus, Bacillus, Bifidobacterium, Brachybacterium, Brevibacterium, Barnobacterium, Carnobacterium, Corynebacterium, and the like. Corynebacterium, Enterococcus, Escherichia, Gluconacetobacter, Gluconobacter, Hafnia, Halomonas, Kocuria, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Macacillus, Macrococcus, Microbacterium, Micrococcus, Neisseria, Oenococcus, Pediococcus, Propionibacterium, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Psychobacter, Salmonella 7. The method or use of embodiment 6, wherein the lactobacillus or lactobacillus is obtained from a bacterial species belonging to the genus Lactobacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus sp., Lactobacillus spp ...
11. The method or use according to embodiment 6, wherein the fermentation bacterial supernatant is obtained from a mould species belonging to the genus Aspergillus.
12. The method according to embodiments 1 to 3 or 7 to 11 or the use according to embodiments 4 to 11, wherein the plant pharmaceutical composition comprises at least 35% by weight of treated fermentation microbial supernatant.
13. The method according to embodiment 1 to 3 or 7 to 12 or the use according to embodiment 4 to 12, wherein the plant pharmaceutical composition comprises up to 95% by weight of treated fermentation microbial supernatant.
14. The method according to embodiment 1 to 3 or 7 to 13 or the use according to embodiments 4 to 13, wherein the non-ionic surfactant comprises, consists essentially of or consists of a polyether-based non-ionic surfactant, a polyhydroxyl-based non-ionic surfactant and/or a non-ionic bio-surfactant.
15. The method or use of embodiment 14, wherein the polyhydroxyl-based nonionic surfactant comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of sucrose esters, ethoxylated sucrose esters, sorbital esters, ethoxylated sorbital esters, alkyl glucosides, ethoxylated alkyl glucosides, polyglycerol esters, or ethoxylated polyglycerol esters.
16. The method of embodiments 1 to 3 or 7 to 15 or the use of embodiments 4 to ¹⁵ , wherein the nonionic surfactant comprises, consists essentially of or consists of _an amine oxide, an ethoxylated alcohol, an _ethoxylated fatty alcohol, _an alkylamine, an ethoxylated alkylamine, an ethoxylated alkylphenol, _an alkyl polysaccharide, an ethoxylated alkyl polysaccharide, an ethoxylated fatty acid, an ethoxylated fatty alcohol or an ethoxylated fatty amine or a nonionic surfactant having _the general formula _{H (OCH2CH2} ) _xOC6H4R1 ^, ( _OCH2CH2 ) ^xOR2 or H( _OCH2CH2 ) _xOC (O) ^{R2, where x represents the number of moles of ethylene oxide added to the alkylphenol and/or fatty alcohol or fatty acid, R1 represents} a long chain alkyl group and R2 represents a long chain aliphatic group.
17. The method or use of embodiment 16, wherein R ¹ is a C ₇ -C ₁₀ normal alkyl group and/or R ² is a C ₁₂ -C ₂₀ aliphatic group.
18. The method according to embodiments 1 to 3 or 7 to 17 or the use according to embodiments 4 to 17, wherein the nonionic surfactant is ethoxylated nonylphenol, ethoxylated octylphenol, ethoxylated ceto-oleyl alcohol, ethoxylated ceto-stearyl alcohol, ethoxylated decyl alcohol, ethoxylated dodecyl alcohol, ethoxylated tridecyl alcohol or ethoxylated castor oil.
19. The method of embodiment 1-3 or 7-18 or the use of embodiment 4-18, wherein the botanical drug composition comprises from about 1% to about 15% by weight of one or more nonionic surfactants.
20. The method of embodiment 19, wherein the botanical agent composition comprises from about 5% to about 13% by weight of one or more nonionic surfactants.
21. The method of embodiment 20, wherein the botanical agent composition comprises from about 7% to about 11% by weight of one or more nonionic surfactants.
22. The method of embodiments 1-3 or 7-21 or the use of embodiments 4-21, wherein the botanical pharmaceutical composition further comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of one or more anionic surfactants.
23. The method or use of embodiment 22, wherein the botanical drug composition comprises from about 0.5% to about 10% by weight of one or more anionic surfactants.
24. The method or use of embodiment 23, wherein the botanical drug composition comprises from about 1% to about 8% by weight of one or more anionic surfactants.
25. The method or use of embodiment 24, wherein the botanical drug composition comprises from about 2% to about 6% by weight of one or more anionic surfactants.
26. The method according to embodiment 1 to 3 or 7 to 25 or the use according to embodiment 4 to 25, wherein the pH is up to 4.5.
27. The method or use according to embodiment 26, wherein the pH is from about 3.7 to about 4.2.
28. The method according to embodiments 1 to 3 or 7 to 27 or the use according to embodiments 4 to 27, wherein the botanical pharmaceutical composition is substantially non-toxic to humans, mammals, plants and the environment.
29. The method according to embodiment 1 to 3 or 7 to 28 or the use according to embodiment 4 to 28, wherein the botanical pharmaceutical composition is biodegradable.
30. The method according to embodiment 1 or 7 to 29 or the use according to embodiment 4 or 7 to 29, wherein an effective amount of the plant pharmaceutical composition is one that causes a detrimental effect on the pathogen to be controlled.
31. An effective amount of the plant pharmaceutical composition is about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 86%, about 87%, about 88%, about 89%, about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98% or about 99% of the pathogen to be controlled; or at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99%; or up to 70%, up to 75%, up to 80%, up to 85%, up to 86%, up to 87%, up to 88%, up to 89%, up to 90%, up to 91%, up to 92%, up to 93%, up to 94%, up to 95%, up to 96%, up to 97%, up to 98% or up to 99%; or from about 70% to about 80%, from about 70% to about 85%, from about 70% to about 90%, from about 70% to about 95%, from about 70% to about 99%, from about 75% to about 85%, from about 75% to about 90%, from about 75% to about 95%, from about 75% to about 99%, from about 80% to about 90%, from about 80% to about 95%, 31. The method or use of embodiment 30, which detrimentally affects 0% to about 99%, about 85% to about 93%, about 85% to about 95%, about 85% to about 97%, about 85% to about 99%, about 90% to about 93%, about 90% to about 95%, about 90% to about 97%, about 90% to about 99%, about 93% to about 95%, about 93% to about 97%, about 93% to about 99%, about 95% to about 97% or about 95% to about 99%.
32. The method according to embodiment 1 or 7 to 31 or the use according to embodiment 4 or 7 to 31, wherein an effective amount of the plant pharmaceutical composition is one that kills the pathogen to be controlled.
33. An effective amount of the plant pharmaceutical composition is about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 86%, about 87%, about 88%, about 89%, about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98% or about 99% of the pathogen to be controlled; or at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99%; or up to 70%, up to 75%, up to 80%, up to 85%, up to 86%, up to 87%, up to 88%, up to 89%, up to 90% , up to 91%, up to 92%, up to 93%, up to 94%, up to 95%, up to 96%, up to 97%, up to 98% or up to 99%; or from about 70% to about 80%, from about 70% to about 85%, from about 70% to about 90%, from about 70% to about 95%, from about 70% to about 99%, from about 75% to about 85%, from about 75% to about 90%, from about 75% to about 95%, from about 75% to about 99%, from about 80% to about 90%, from about 80% to about 95%, 33. The method or use of embodiment 32, which kills about 80% to about 99%, about 85% to about 93%, about 85% to about 95%, about 85% to about 97%, about 85% to about 99%, about 90% to about 93%, about 90% to about 95%, about 90% to about 97%, about 90% to about 99%, about 93% to about 95%, about 93% to about 97%, about 93% to about 99%, about 95% to about 97%, or about 95% to about 99%.
34. The method according to embodiment 1 or 7 to 33 or the use according to embodiment 4 or 7 to 33, wherein an effective amount of the plant pharmaceutical composition reduces the population size of the pathogen to be controlled.
35. An effective amount of the plant pharmaceutical composition reduces the population size of the pathogen to be controlled by about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 86%, about 87%, about 88%, about 89%, about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98% or about 99%; or by at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99%; or by up to 70%, up to 75%, up to 80%, up to 85%, up to 86%, up to 87%, up to 88%, up to 89%, up to at least 90%, up to 91%, up to 92%, up to 93%, up to 94%, up to 95%, up to 96%, up to 97%, up to 98% or up to 99%; or from about 70% to about 80%, from about 70% to about 85%, from about 70% to about 90%, from about 70% to about 95%, from about 70% to about 99%, from about 75% to about 85%, from about 75% to about 90%, from about 75% to about 95%, from about 75% to about 99%, from about 80% to about 90%, from about 80% to about 95% 35. The method or use of embodiment 34, wherein the method or use reduces the amount of erythrocyte sarcoma caused by the erythrocyte proliferation and/or proliferation of the erythrocyte by about 80% to about 99%, about 85% to about 93%, about 85% to about 95%, about 85% to about 97%, about 85% to about 99%, about 90% to about 93%, about 90% to about 95%, about 90% to about 97%, about 90% to about 99%, about 93% to about 95%, about 93% to about 97%, about 93% to about 99%, about 95% to about 97%, or about 95% to about 99%.
36. The method according to embodiment 1 or 7 to 35 or the use according to embodiment 4 or 7 to 35, wherein an effective amount of the plant pharmaceutical composition prevents the pathogen to be controlled from invading or infesting one or more loci.
37. An effective amount of the botanical pharmaceutical composition is effective to inhibit about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 86%, about 87%, about 88%, about 89%, about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98% or about 99% of the pathogen population; or at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99%; or up to 70%, up to 75%, up to 80%, up to 85%, up to 86%, up to 87%, up to 88%, up to 89%, up to 90%, up to 91%, up to 92%, up to 93%, up to 94%, up to 95%, up to 96%, up to 97%, up to 98% or up to 99%; or from about 70% to about 80%, from about 70% to about 85%, from about 70% to about 90%, from about 70% to about 95%, from about 70% to about 99%, from about 75% to about 85%, from about 75% to about 90%, from about 75% to about 95%, from about 75% to about 99%, from about 80% to about 90%, from about 80% to about 95%, from about 80% to about 99%, from about 85% to about 9 37. The method or use of embodiment 36, wherein the method or use prevents about 3%, about 85% to about 95%, about 85% to about 97%, about 85% to about 99%, about 90% to about 93%, about 90% to about 95%, about 90% to about 97%, about 90% to about 99%, about 93% to about 95%, about 93% to about 97%, about 93% to about 99%, about 95% to about 97% or about 95% to about 99% from invading or infesting one or more locations.
38. The method according to embodiment 2 or 7 to 29 or the use according to embodiment 5 or 7 to 29, wherein the effective amount of the plant pharmaceutical composition improves the absorption of water, minerals and other nutrients by the root hairs from the soil.
39. An effective amount of the plant pharmaceutical composition reduces the uptake of water, minerals and other nutrients from the soil by root hairs by about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 86%, about 87%, about 88%, about 89%, about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98% or about 99%; or by at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99%; or by up to 70%, up to 75%, up to 80%, up to 85%, up to 86%, up to 87%, up to 88%, up to greater than 89%, up to 90%, up to 91%, up to 92%, up to 93%, up to 94%, up to 95%, up to 96%, up to 97%, up to 98%, or up to 99%; or from about 70% to about 80%, from about 70% to about 85%, from about 70% to about 90%, from about 70% to about 95%, from about 70% to about 99%, from about 75% to about 85%, from about 75% to about 90%, from about 75% to about 95%, from about 75% to about 99%, from about 80% to about 90%, 39. The method or use of embodiment 38, wherein the method or use improves by about 95%, about 80% to about 99%, about 85% to about 93%, about 85% to about 95%, about 85% to about 97%, about 85% to about 99%, about 90% to about 93%, about 90% to about 95%, about 90% to about 97%, about 90% to about 99%, about 93% to about 95%, about 93% to about 97%, about 93% to about 99%, about 95% to about 97% or about 95% to about 99%.
40. The method of embodiment 2, 7-29 or 38-39 or the use of embodiment 5, 7-29 or 38-39, wherein the effective amount of the botanical pharmaceutical composition improves xylem sap flow through the xylem.
41. An effective amount of the botanical pharmaceutical composition increases xylem sap flow through the xylem by about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 86%, about 87%, about 88%, about 89%, about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98% or about 99%; or by at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99%; or by up to 70%, up to 75%, up to 80%, up to 85%, up to 86%, up to 87%, up to 88%, up to 89%, up to 90% %, up to 91%, up to 92%, up to 93%, up to 94%, up to 95%, up to 96%, up to 97%, up to 98% or up to 99%; or from about 70% to about 80%, from about 70% to about 85%, from about 70% to about 90%, from about 70% to about 95%, from about 70% to about 99%, from about 75% to about 85%, from about 75% to about 90%, from about 75% to about 95%, from about 75% to about 99%, from about 80% to about 90%, from about 80% to about 95% 41. The method or use of embodiment 40, which improves the serotonin level by about 80% to about 99%, about 85% to about 93%, about 85% to about 95%, about 85% to about 97%, about 85% to about 99%, about 90% to about 93%, about 90% to about 95%, about 90% to about 97%, about 90% to about 99%, about 93% to about 95%, about 93% to about 97%, about 93% to about 99%, about 95% to about 97% or about 95% to about 99%.
42. The method according to embodiment 2, 7 to 29 or 38 to 41 or the use according to embodiment 5, 7 to 29 or 38 to 41, wherein the effective amount of the plant pharmaceutical composition improves photosynthetic product flux in the phloem.
43. An effective amount of the plant pharmaceutical composition increases the photosynthetic product flux in the phloem by about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 86%, about 87%, about 88%, about 89%, about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98% or about 99%; or by at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99%; or by up to 70%, up to 75%, up to 80%, up to 85%, up to 86%, up to 87%, up to 88%, up to 89%, up to 90% %, up to 91%, up to 92%, up to 93%, up to 94%, up to 95%, up to 96%, up to 97%, up to 98% or up to 99%; or from about 70% to about 80%, from about 70% to about 85%, from about 70% to about 90%, from about 70% to about 95%, from about 70% to about 99%, from about 75% to about 85%, from about 75% to about 90%, from about 75% to about 95%, from about 75% to about 99%, from about 80% to about 90%, from about 80% to about 95 43. The method or use of embodiment 42, wherein the method or use improves the serotonin level by about 80% to about 99%, about 85% to about 93%, about 85% to about 95%, about 85% to about 97%, about 85% to about 99%, about 90% to about 93%, about 90% to about 95%, about 90% to about 97%, about 90% to about 99%, about 93% to about 95%, about 93% to about 97%, about 93% to about 99%, about 95% to about 97% or about 95% to about 99%.
44. The method according to embodiment 2, 7-29 or 38-43 or the use according to embodiment 5, 7-29 or 38-43, wherein the effective amount of the botanical pharmaceutical composition increases the absorption of water, minerals and other nutrients from the soil.
45. An effective amount of the plant pharmaceutical composition reduces the absorption of water, minerals and other nutrients from the soil by about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 86%, about 87%, about 88%, about 89%, about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98% or about 99%; or by at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99%; or by up to 70%, up to 75%, up to 80%, up to 85%, up to 86%, up to 87%, up to 88%, up to 89% %, up to 90%, up to 91%, up to 92%, up to 93%, up to 94%, up to 95%, up to 96%, up to 97%, up to 98% or up to 99%; or from about 70% to about 80%, from about 70% to about 85%, from about 70% to about 90%, from about 70% to about 95%, from about 70% to about 99%, from about 75% to about 85%, from about 75% to about 90%, from about 75% to about 95%, from about 75% to about 99%, from about 80% to about 90%, from about 80% to about 45. The method or use of embodiment 44, wherein the method or use increases the expression level of the IL-1 protein by 95%, about 80% to about 99%, about 85% to about 93%, about 85% to about 95%, about 85% to about 97%, about 85% to about 99%, about 90% to about 93%, about 90% to about 95%, about 90% to about 97%, about 90% to about 99%, about 93% to about 95%, about 93% to about 97%, about 93% to about 99%, about 95% to about 97% or about 95% to about 99%.
46. The method according to embodiment 2, 7 to 29 or 38 to 45 or the use according to embodiment 5, 7 to 29 or 38 to 45, wherein the effective amount of the botanical pharmaceutical composition increases capillary action and/or hydrostatic pressure in the xylem.
47. An effective amount of the botanical pharmaceutical composition reduces capillary action and/or hydrostatic pressure in the xylem by about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 86%, about 87%, about 88%, about 89%, about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98% or about 99%; or by at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99%; or by up to 70%, up to 75%, up to 80%, up to 85%, up to 86%, up to 87%, up to 88%, up to 89%, at least 90%, up to 91%, up to 92%, up to 93%, up to 94%, up to 95%, up to 96%, up to 97%, up to 98% or up to 99%; or from about 70% to about 80%, from about 70% to about 85%, from about 70% to about 90%, from about 70% to about 95%, from about 70% to about 99%, from about 75% to about 85%, from about 75% to about 90%, from about 75% to about 95%, from about 75% to about 99%, from about 80% to about 90%, from about 80% to about 95% 47. The method or use of embodiment 46, wherein the method or use increases the expression level of the IL-1 protein by about 80% to about 99%, about 85% to about 93%, about 85% to about 95%, about 85% to about 97%, about 85% to about 99%, about 90% to about 93%, about 90% to about 95%, about 90% to about 97%, about 90% to about 99%, about 93% to about 95%, about 93% to about 97%, about 93% to about 99%, about 95% to about 97% or about 95% to about 99%.
48. The method according to embodiment 2, 7 to 29 or 38 to 47 or the use according to embodiment 5, 7 to 29 or 38 to 47, wherein the effective amount of the botanical pharmaceutical composition improves transport of the ingredient through the plant body.
49. An effective amount of a botanical pharmaceutical composition reduces the transport of an ingredient through a plant by about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 86%, about 87%, about 88%, about 89%, about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98% or about 99%; or by at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99%; or by up to 70%, up to 75%, up to 80%, up to 85%, up to 86%, up to 87%, up to 88%, up to 89%, up to 90% %, up to 91%, up to 92%, up to 93%, up to 94%, up to 95%, up to 96%, up to 97%, up to 98% or up to 99%; or from about 70% to about 80%, from about 70% to about 85%, from about 70% to about 90%, from about 70% to about 95%, from about 70% to about 99%, from about 75% to about 85%, from about 75% to about 90%, from about 75% to about 95%, from about 75% to about 99%, from about 80% to about 90%, from about 80% to about 95% 49. The method or use of embodiment 48, which improves the serotonin level by about 80% to about 99%, about 85% to about 93%, about 85% to about 95%, about 85% to about 97%, about 85% to about 99%, about 90% to about 93%, about 90% to about 95%, about 90% to about 97%, about 90% to about 99%, about 93% to about 95%, about 93% to about 97%, about 93% to about 99%, about 95% to about 97% or about 95% to about 99%.
50. The method according to embodiment 2, 7-29 or 38-49 or the use according to embodiment 5, 7-29 or 38-49, wherein the effective amount of the botanical pharmaceutical composition increases the synthesis of compounds and energy in the plant.
51. An effective amount of the botanical pharmaceutical composition reduces the synthesis of compounds and energy in the plant by about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 86%, about 87%, about 88%, about 89%, about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98% or about 99%; or at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99%; or up to 70%, up to 75%, up to 80%, up to 85%, up to 86%, up to 87%, up to 88%, up to 89%, up to 90%, up to 91%, up to 92%, up to 93%, up to 94%, up to 95%, up to 96%, up to 97%, up to 98% or up to 99%; or from about 70% to about 80%, from about 70% to about 85%, from about 70% to about 90%, from about 70% to about 95%, from about 70% to about 99%, from about 75% to about 85%, from about 75% to about 90%, from about 75% to about 95%, from about 75% to about 99%, from about 80% to about 90%, from about 80% to about 9 51. The method or use of embodiment 50, wherein the amount of IL-10 is increased by 5%, about 80% to about 99%, about 85% to about 93%, about 85% to about 95%, about 85% to about 97%, about 85% to about 99%, about 90% to about 93%, about 90% to about 95%, about 90% to about 97%, about 90% to about 99%, about 93% to about 95%, about 93% to about 97%, about 93% to about 99%, about 95% to about 97% or about 95% to about 99%.
52. The method according to embodiment 2, 7 to 29 or 38 to 51 or the use according to embodiment 5, 7 to 29 or 38 to 51, wherein the effective amount of the plant pharmaceutical composition improves the synthesis of compounds and energy required to maintain and continue plant growth.
53. An effective amount of the plant pharmaceutical composition reduces the synthesis of compounds and energy required to maintain and continue plant growth by about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 86%, about 87%, about 88%, about 89%, about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98% or about 99%; or at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99%; or up to 70%, up to 75%, up to 80%, up to 85%, up to 86%, up to 87%, up to 88%, up to 89%, up to 90%, up to 91%, up to 92%, up to 93%, up to 94%, up to 95%, up to 96%, up to 97%, up to 98% or up to 99%; or about 70% to about 80%, about 70% to about 85%, about 70% to about 90%, about 70% to about 95%, about 70% to about 99%, about 75% to about 85%, about 75% to about 90%, about 75% to about 95%, about 75% to about 99%, about 80% to about 90%, about 80% 53. The method or use of embodiment 52, wherein the method or use improves by about 95%, about 80% to about 99%, about 85% to about 93%, about 85% to about 95%, about 85% to about 97%, about 85% to about 99%, about 90% to about 93%, about 90% to about 95%, about 90% to about 97%, about 90% to about 99%, about 93% to about 95%, about 93% to about 97%, about 93% to about 99%, about 95% to about 97% or about 95% to about 99%.
54. The method of embodiment 2, 7-29 or 38-53 or the use of embodiment 5, 7-29 or 38-53, wherein an effective amount of the botanical pharmaceutical composition dissolves, disperses or otherwise removes one or more components that inhibit xylem sap flow in the xylem.
55. An effective amount of a botanical pharmaceutical composition inhibits one or more components that inhibit xylem sap flow in the xylem by about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 86%, about 87%, about 88%, about 89%, about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98% or about 99%; or at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86% , at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99%; or up to 70%, up to 75%, up to 80%, up to 85%, up to 86%, up to 87%, up to 88%, up to 89%, up to 90%, up to 91%, up to 92%, up to 93%, up to 94%, up to 95%, up to 96%, up to 97%, up to 98% or up to 99%; or about 70% to about 80%, about 70% to about 85%, about 70% to about 90%, about 70% to about 95%, about 70% to about 99%, about 75% to about 85%, about 75% to about 90%, about 75% to about 95%, about 75% to about 99%, about 80% to about 90%, about 80% to about 95%, about 80% to about 99%, about 55. The method or use of embodiment 54, wherein 5% to about 93%, about 85% to about 95%, about 85% to about 97%, about 85% to about 99%, about 90% to about 93%, about 90% to about 95%, about 90% to about 97%, about 90% to about 99%, about 93% to about 95%, about 93% to about 97%, about 93% to about 99%, about 95% to about 97%, or about 95% to about 99% is dissolved, dispersed, or otherwise removed.
56. The method of embodiment 2, 7-29 or 38-55 or the use of embodiment 5, 7-29 or 38-55, wherein an effective amount of the plant pharmaceutical composition dissolves, disperses or otherwise removes one or more components that inhibit photosynthetic product flow in the phloem.
57. An effective amount of a plant pharmaceutical composition reduces one or more components that inhibit photosynthetic product flux in the phloem by about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 86%, about 87%, about 88%, about 89%, about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98% or about 99%; or at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86% , at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99%; or up to 70%, up to 75%, up to 80%, up to 85%, up to 86%, up to 87%, up to 88%, up to 89%, up to 90%, up to 91%, up to 92%, up to 93%, up to 94%, up to 95%, up to 96%, up to 97%, up to 98% or up to 99%; or about 70% to about 80%, about 70% to about 85%, about 70% to about 90%, about 70% to about 95%, about 70% to about 99%, about 75% to about 85%, about 75% to about 90%, about 75% to about 95%, about 75% to about 99%, about 80% to about 90%, about 80% to about 95%, about 80% to about 99%, about 57. The method or use of embodiment 56, wherein 5% to about 93%, about 85% to about 95%, about 85% to about 97%, about 85% to about 99%, about 90% to about 93%, about 90% to about 95%, about 90% to about 97%, about 90% to about 99%, about 93% to about 95%, about 93% to about 97%, about 93% to about 99%, about 95% to about 97%, or about 95% to about 99% is dissolved, dispersed, or otherwise removed.
58. The method of embodiment 3 or 7-29 or the use of embodiments 6-29, wherein an effective amount of the botanical pharmaceutical composition dissolves, disperses or otherwise removes one or more components that impede water flow in the pipeline network of the irrigation system.
59. An effective amount of the botanical pharmaceutical composition reduces one or more components that inhibit water flow in the pipeline network of an irrigation system by about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 86%, about 87%, about 88%, about 89%, about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98% or about 99%; or at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99%; or up to 70%, up to 75%, up to 80%, up to 85%, up to 86%, up to 87%, up to 88%, up to 89%, up to 90% %, up to 91%, up to 92%, up to 93%, up to 94%, up to 95%, up to 96%, up to 97%, up to 98% or up to 99%; or from about 70% to about 80%, from about 70% to about 85%, from about 70% to about 90%, from about 70% to about 95%, from about 70% to about 99%, from about 75% to about 85%, from about 75% to about 90%, from about 75% to about 95%, from about 75% to about 99%, from about 80% to about 90%, from about 80% to about 95%, from about 80% to about 99%, 59. The method or use of embodiment 58, wherein about 85% to about 93%, about 85% to about 95%, about 85% to about 97%, about 85% to about 99%, about 90% to about 93%, about 90% to about 95%, about 90% to about 97%, about 90% to about 99%, about 93% to about 95%, about 93% to about 97%, about 93% to about 99%, about 95% to about 97%, or about 95% to about 99% is dissolved, dispersed, or otherwise removed.
60. The method of embodiment 3, 7-29 or 58-59 or the use of embodiment 6-29 or 58-59, wherein the effective amount of the plant pharmaceutical composition improves water transport throughout the pipeline network of the irrigation system.
61. An effective amount of the plant pharmaceutical composition reduces water transport throughout the pipeline network of an irrigation system by about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 86%, about 87%, about 88%, about 89%, about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98% or about 99%; or by at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99%; or by up to 70%, up to 75%, up to 80%, up to 85%, up to 86%, up to 87%, up to 88%, up to 89% , up to 90%, up to 91%, up to 92%, up to 93%, up to 94%, up to 95%, up to 96%, up to 97%, up to 98% or up to 99%; or from about 70% to about 80%, from about 70% to about 85%, from about 70% to about 90%, from about 70% to about 95%, from about 70% to about 99%, from about 75% to about 85%, from about 75% to about 90%, from about 75% to about 95%, from about 75% to about 99%, from about 80% to about 90%, from about 80% to about 61. The method or use of embodiment 60, which improves the serotonin level by 95%, about 80% to about 99%, about 85% to about 93%, about 85% to about 95%, about 85% to about 97%, about 85% to about 99%, about 90% to about 93%, about 90% to about 95%, about 90% to about 97%, about 90% to about 99%, about 93% to about 95%, about 93% to about 97%, about 93% to about 99%, about 95% to about 97% or about 95% to about 99%.
62. The method according to embodiment 1 to 3 or 7 to 61 or the use according to embodiment 4 to 61, wherein an effective amount of the plant pharmaceutical composition maintains and/or enhances the health and vitality of the plant.
63. An effective amount of the botanical pharmaceutical composition maintains the health and vitality of a plant and/or reduces the plant's vitality by about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 86%, about 87%, about 88%, about 89%, about 90%, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98% or about 99%; or by at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98% or at least 99%; or by up to 70%, up to 75%, up to 80%, up to 85%, up to 86%, up to 87%, up to 88%, up to 89% , up to 90%, up to 91%, up to 92%, up to 93%, up to 94%, up to 95%, up to 96%, up to 97%, up to 98% or up to 99%; or from about 70% to about 80%, from about 70% to about 85%, from about 70% to about 90%, from about 70% to about 95%, from about 70% to about 99%, from about 75% to about 85%, from about 75% to about 90%, from about 75% to about 95%, from about 75% to about 99%, from about 80% to about 90%, from about 80% to about 63. The method or use of embodiment 62, wherein the method or use enhances the expression level of the IL-1 protein by 95%, about 80% to about 99%, about 85% to about 93%, about 85% to about 95%, about 85% to about 97%, about 85% to about 99%, about 90% to about 93%, about 90% to about 95%, about 90% to about 97%, about 90% to about 99%, about 93% to about 95%, about 93% to about 97%, about 93% to about 99%, about 95% to about 97% or about 95% to about 99%.
64. An effective amount of the botanical drug composition is about 1:50, about 1:75, about 1:100, about 1:125, about 1:150, about 1:175, about 1:200, about 1:225, about 1:250, about 1:275, about 1:300, about 1:325, about 1:350, about 1:375, about 1:400, about 1:425, about 1:450, about 1:475, about 1:500, about 1:525, about 1:550, about 1:575 or about 1:600; or at least 1:50, at least 1:75, at least 1:100, at least 1:125, at least 1:150, at least 1:175, at least 1:200, at least 1:225, at least 1:250, at least 1:275, at least 1:300, at least 1:325, at least 1:350, at least 1:375, at least 1:400, at least 1:425, at least 1:450, at least 1:475, at least 1:500, at least 1:525, at least 1:550, at least 1:575 or at least 1:600; or at most 1:50, at most 1:75, at most 1:100, at most 1:125, at most 1:150, at most 1:175, at most 1: 200, up to 1:225, up to 1:250, up to 1:275, up to 1:300, up to 1:325, up to 1:350, up to 1:375, up to 1:400, up to 1:425, up to 1:450, up to 1:475, up to 1:500, up to 1:525, up to 1:550, up to 1:575 or up to 1:600; or from about 1:50 to about 1:100, from about 1:50 to about 1:200, from about 1:50 to about 1:300, from about 1:50 to about 1:400, from about 1:50 to about 1:500, from about 1:50 to about 1:600, from about 1:100 to about 1:200, from about 1:100 to about 1:300 64. The method of embodiment 1-3 or 7-63 or the use of embodiment 4-63, wherein the ratio of botanical agent composition to diluent is about 1:100 to about 1:400, about 1:100 to about 1:500, about 1:100 to about 1:600, about 1:200 to about 1:300, about 1:200 to about 1:400, about 1:200 to about 1:500, about 1:200 to about 1:600, about 1:300 to about 1:400, about 1:300 to about 1:500, about 1:300 to about 1:600, about 1:400 to about 1:500, about 1:400 to about 1:600 or about 1:500 to about 1:600.
65. An effective amount of the botanical drug composition is about 1:500, about 1:750, about 1:1000, about 1:1250, about 1:1500, about 1:1750, about 1:2000, about 1:2250, about 1:2500, about 1:2750, about 1:3000, about 1:3250, about 1:3500, about 1:3750, about 1:4000, about 1:4250, about 1:4500, about 1:4750, about 1:5000, about 1:5250, about 1:5500, about 1:5750, about 1:6000, about 1:7000, about 1:8000, about 1:9000 or about 1:10,000; or at least 1:500, at least 1:750, at least 1:1000, at least 1:1250, at least 1:1500, at least 1:1750, at least 1:2000, at least 1:2250, at least 1:2500, at least 1:2750, at least 1:3000, at least 1:3250, at least 1:3500, at least 1:3750, at least 1:4000, at least 1:4250, at least 1:4500, at least 1:4750, at least 1:5000, at least 1:5250, at least 1:5500, at least 1:5750, at least 1:6000, at least 1:7000, at least 1:8000, at least 1:9000 or at least 1:10000; or at most 1:500, at most 1:750, at most 1:1000, at most 1:1250, at most 1:1500, at most 1:1750, at most 1:2000, at most 1:2250, at most 1:2500, at most 1:2750, at most 1:3 or from about 1:500 to about 1:1000, from about 1:500 to about 1:2000, from about 1:500 to about 1:3000, from about 1:500 to about 1:4000, from about 1:500 to about 1:500, from about 1:500 to about 1:4000, from about 1:500 to about 1:500, from about 1:500 to about 1:500, 00 to about 1:5000, about 1:500 to about 1:6000, about 1:500 to about 1:7000, about 1:500 to about 1:8000, about 1:500 to about 1:9000, about 1:500 to about 1:10000, about 1:1000 to about 1:2000, about 1:1000 to about 1:3000, about 1:1000 to about 1:4000, about 1:1000 to about 1:5000, about 1:1000 to about 1:6000, about 1:1000 to about 1:7000, about 1:1000 to about 1:8000, about 1:1000 to about 1:9000, about 1: 000 to about 1:10000, about 1:2000 to about 1:3000, about 1:2000 to about 1:4000, about 1:2000 to about 1:5000, about 1:2000 to about 1:6000, about 1:2000 to about 1:7000, about 1:2000 to about 1:8000, about 1:2000 to about 1:9000, about 1:2000 to about 1:10000, about 1:3000 to about 1:4000, about 1:3000 to about 1:5000, about 1:3000 to about 1:6000, about 1:3000 to about 1:7000, about 1:3000 to about 1:80 00, about 1:3000 to about 1:9000, about 1:3000 to about 1:10000, about 1:4000 to about 1:5000, about 1:4000 to about 1:6000, about 1:4000 to about 1:7000, about 1:4000 to about 1:8000, about 1:4000 to about 1:9000, about 1:4000 to about 1:10000, about 1:5000 to about 1:6000, about 1:5000 to about 1:7000, about 1:5000 to about 1:8000, about 1:5000 to about 1:9000, about 1:5000 to about 1:10000, about 1:60 64. The method of embodiment 1-3 or 7-63 or the use of embodiment 4-63, wherein the ratio of botanical agent composition to diluent is from about 1:00 to about 1:7000, from about 1:6000 to about 1:8000, from about 1:6000 to about 1:9000, from about 1:6000 to about 1:10000, from about 1:7000 to about 1:8000, from about 1:7000 to about 1:9000, from about 1:7000 to about 1:10000, from about 1:8000 to about 1:9000, from about 1:8000 to about 1:10000 or from about 1:9000 to about 1:10000.
66. An effective amount of the botanical pharmaceutical composition is about 0.0001%, about 0.0002%, about 0.0003%, about 0.0004%, about 0.0005%, about 0.0006%, about 0.0007%, about 0.0008%, about 0.0009%, about 0.001%, about 0.002%, about 0.003%, about 0.004%, about 0.005%, about 0.006%, about 0.007%, about 0.008%, about 0.009%, about 0.01%, about 0.02%, about 0.03%, about 0.04%, about 0.05%, about 0.06%, about 0.07%, about 0.08%, about 0.09%, about 0.1%, about 0.2%, about 0.3%, about 0.4 ... %, about 0.4%, about 0.5%, about 0.6%, about 0.7%, about 0.8%, about 0.9%, about 1%, about 2%, about 3%, about 4%, about 5%, about 6%, about 7%, about 8%, about 9%, or about 10%; or at least 0.0001%, at least 0.0002%, at least 0.0003%, at least 0.0004%, at least 0.0005%, at least 0.0006%, at least 0.0007%, at least 0.0008%, at least 0.0009%, at least 0.001%, at least 0.002%, at least 0.003%, at least 0.0 04%, at least 0.005%, at least 0.006%, at least 0.007%, at least 0.008%, at least 0.009%, at least 0.01%, at least 0.02%, at least 0.03%, at least 0.04%, at least 0.05%, at least 0.06%, at least 0.07%, at least 0.08%, at least 0.09%, at least 0.1%, at least 0.2%, at least 0.3%, at least 0.4%, at least 0.5%, at least 0.6%, at least 0.7%, at least 0.8%, or less at least 0.9%, at least 1%, at least 2%, at least 3%, at least 4%, at least 5%, at least 6%, at least 7%, at least 8%, at least 9%, or at least 10%; or at most 0.0001%, at most 0.0002%, at most 0.0003%, at most 0.0004%, at most 0.0005%, at most 0.0006%, at most 0.0007%, at most 0.0008%, at most 0.0009%, at most 0.001%, at most 0.002%, at most 0.003%, at most 0.004%, at most 0.005%, at most 0.006%, at most 0.007%, up to 0.008%, up to 0.009%, up to 0.01%, up to 0.02%, up to 0.03%, up to 0.04%, up to 0.05%, up to 0.06%, up to 0.07%, up to 0.08%, up to 0.09%, up to 0.1%, up to 0.2%, up to 0.3%, up to 0.4%, up to 0.5%, up to 0.6%, up to 0.7%, up to 0.8%, up to 0.9%, up to 1%, up to 2%, up to 3%, up to 4%, up to 5%, up to 6%, up to 7%, up to 8%, up to 9%, or up to 10%; or from about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, from about 0.0001% to about 0.001%, 0.0001% to about 0.005%, about 0.0001% to about 0.01%, about 0.0001% to about 0.05%, about 0.0001% to about 0.1%, about 0.0001% to about 0.5%, about 0.0001% to about 1%, about 0.0001% to about 5%, about 0.0001% to about 10%, about 0.00 05% to about 0.001%, about 0.0005% to about 0.005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.01%, about 0.0005% to about 0.05%, about 0.0005% to about 0.1%, about 0.0005% to about 0.5%, about 0.0005% to about 1%, about 0.0005% to about 5%, about 0.0005 % to about 10%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.001% to about 0.01%, 0.001% to about 0.05%, about 0.001% to about 0.1%, 0.001% to about 0.5%, 0.001% to about 1%, 0.001% to about 5%, about 0.001% to about 10%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.005% to about 0.05%, about 0.005% to about 0.1%, about 0.005% to about 0.5%, about 0.005% to about 1%, about 0.005% to about 5%, about 0.005% to about 10%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.01% to about 0.1%, about 0.01% to about 0. 66. The method according to embodiment 1-3 or 7-65 or the use according to embodiment 4-65, wherein the final concentration is 5%, about 0.01% to about 1%, about 0.01% to about 5%, about 0.01% to about 10%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.05% to about 0.5%, about 0.05% to about 1%, about 0.05% to about 5%, about 0.05% to about 10%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.1% to about 1%, about 0.1% to about 5%, about 0.1% to about 10%, about 0.5% to about 1%, about 0.5% to about 5%, about 0.5% to about 10%, about 1% to about 5%, about 1% to about 10% or about 5% to about 10%.
67. A botanical pharmaceutical composition comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of treated fermented microbial supernatant and one or more non-ionic surfactants, which does not contain any active enzymes or viable bacteria and has a pH of less than 5.0.
68. The botanical pharmaceutical composition of embodiment 67, wherein the treated fermentation microbial supernatant is derived from a fermentation yeast supernatant, a fermentation bacterial supernatant, a fermentation mold supernatant, or any combination thereof.
69. The fermentation yeast supernatant contains Brettanomyces, Candida, Cyberlindnera, Cystofilobasidium, Debaryomyces, Dekkera, Fusarium, Geotrichum, or the like. um), Issatchenkia, Kazachstania, Kloeckera, Kluyveromyces, Lecanicillium, Mucor, Neurospora, Pediococcus, Penicillium Penicillium, Pichia, Rhizopus, Rhodosporidium, Rhodotorula, Saccharomyces, Schizosaccharomyces, Thrichosporon, Torula The botanical pharmaceutical composition according to embodiment 68, which is obtained from a yeast species belonging to the genera Torulaspora, Torulopsis, Verticillium, Yarrowia, Zygosaccharomyces or Zygotorulaspora.
70. The botanical pharmaceutical composition according to embodiment 69, wherein the fermentation yeast supernatant is obtained from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
71. The fermentation bacteria supernatant contains Acetobacter, Arthrobacter, Aerococcus, Bacillus, Bifidobacterium, Brachybacterium, Brevibacterium, Barnobacterium, Carnobacterium, Corynebacterium, Corynebacterium, Enterococcus, Escherichia, Gluconacetobacter, Gluconobacter, Hafnia, Halomonas, Kocuria, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Macrobacterium, Macrococcus, Microbacterium, Micrococcus, Neisseria, Oenococcus, Pediococcus, Propionibacterium, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Psychobacter, Salmonella 69. The plant pharmaceutical composition according to embodiment 68, which is obtained from a bacterial species belonging to the genera Sporolactobacillus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Streptomyces, Tetragenococcus, Vagococcus, Weissells or Zymomonas.
72. The botanical pharmaceutical composition according to embodiment 71, wherein the fermentation bacterial supernatant is obtained from a bacterial species belonging to the genus Aspergillus.
73. The botanical pharmaceutical composition of any one of embodiments 67-72, comprising at least 35% by weight of treated fermentation microbial supernatant.
74. The botanical pharmaceutical composition of any one of embodiments 67 to 73, comprising up to 50% by weight of treated fermentation microbial supernatant.
75. The botanical drug composition of any one of embodiments 67-74, wherein the nonionic surfactant comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of a polyether-based nonionic surfactant, a polyhydroxyl-based nonionic surfactant, and/or a biosurfactant.
76. The botanical pharmaceutical composition of embodiment 75, wherein the polyhydroxyl-based nonionic surfactant comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of sucrose esters, ethoxylated sucrose esters, sorbital esters, ethoxylated sorbital esters, alkyl glucosides, ethoxylated alkyl glucosides, polyglycerol esters, or ethoxylated polyglycerol esters.
77. The botanical pharmaceutical composition of any one of embodiments 67-76, wherein the nonionic surfactant comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of an amine oxide, an ethoxylated alcohol, an ethoxylated fatty alcohol, an ^alkyl amine, an ethoxylated alkyl amine, _an ethoxylated alkyl phenol, _an alkyl polysaccharide, _an ethoxylated alkyl polysaccharide, an ethoxylated fatty acid, an ethoxylated fatty alcohol or _an ethoxylated fatty amine, or a nonionic surfactant having _the general formula H _{(OCH2CH2 )} ^xOC6H4R1 , ( _OCH2CH2 ) _xOR2 , or H( _OCH2CH2 ) _xOC (O) ^R2 , where x represents the number of moles of ethylene oxide added to the alkyl phenol and/or fatty alcohol or fatty acid, ^R1 represents a long chain alkyl group, and ^R2 represents a long chain aliphatic group.
78. The botanical pharmaceutical composition according to embodiment 77, wherein R ¹ is a C ₇ -C ₁₀ normal alkyl group and/or R ² is a C ₁₂ -C ₂₀ aliphatic group.
79. The botanical drug composition of any one of embodiments 67-78, wherein the nonionic surfactant is ethoxylated nonylphenol, ethoxylated octylphenol, ethoxylated ceto-oleyl alcohol, ethoxylated ceto-stearyl alcohol, ethoxylated decyl alcohol, ethoxylated dodecyl alcohol, ethoxylated tridecyl alcohol, or ethoxylated castor oil.
80. The botanical pharmaceutical composition of any one of embodiments 67-79, comprising from about 1% to about 15% by weight of one or more nonionic surfactants.
82. The botanical agent composition of embodiment 80, comprising from about 5% to about 13% by weight of one or more nonionic surfactants.
83. The botanical agent composition of embodiment 81, comprising from about 7% to about 11% by weight of one or more nonionic surfactants.
84. The botanical drug composition of any one of embodiments 67-83, further comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of one or more anionic surfactants.
85. The botanical drug composition of embodiment 84, comprising from about 0.5% to about 10% by weight of one or more anionic surfactants.
86. The botanical drug composition of embodiment 85, comprising from about 1% to about 8% by weight of one or more anionic surfactants.
87. The botanical drug composition of embodiment 86, comprising from about 2% to about 6% by weight of one or more anionic surfactants.
88. The botanical drug composition of any one of embodiments 67-87, wherein the pH is up to 4.5.
89. The botanical drug composition of embodiment 88, having a pH of about 3.7 to about 4.2.
90. The botanical drug composition of any one of embodiments 67-89, which is substantially non-toxic to humans, mammals, plants, and the environment.
91. The botanical drug composition of any one of embodiments 67-90, which is biodegradable.
92. A method for controlling a pathogen of a plant disease comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of applying to one or more plants infested with a pathogen an effective amount of the plant drug composition defined in any one of embodiments 67-91 and/or applying to one or more loci such that the pathogen is exposed to the plant drug composition, wherein application of the plant drug composition produces a detrimental effect on the pathogen of the plant disease to be controlled.
93. A method of increasing plant growth and/or crop production comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of applying an effective amount of a plant drug composition as defined in any one of embodiments 67-91 and/or applying to one or more loci of exposing one or more plants to the plant drug composition, wherein application of the plant drug composition results in improved absorption by root hairs, improved xylem sap flow through the xylem and improved photosynthate flow in the phloem, increased absorption of water, minerals and other nutrients from the soil, increased capillary action and/or hydrostatic pressure in the xylem and/or increased synthesis of compounds and energy and/or disruption of one or more components that inhibit xylem sap flow and/or photosynthate flow.
94. A method of maintaining or improving the efficiency of an irrigation system, comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of applying to one or more pipes in a pipeline network of the irrigation system an effective amount of the plant agent composition defined in any one of embodiments 67-91, wherein application of the plant agent composition sufficiently removes one or more components that interfere with the pipeline network or networks of the irrigation system.
95. Use of an effective amount of the plant pharmaceutical composition defined in any one of embodiments 67 to 91 for controlling plant diseases.
96. Use of an effective amount of the plant pharmaceutical composition defined in any one of embodiments 67-91 for increasing plant growth and/or crop production.
97. Use of an effective amount of the plant pharmaceutical composition defined in any one of embodiments 67-91 to maintain or improve the efficiency of an irrigation system.
98. The method according to embodiment 1, 7 to 36 or 62 to 66 or the use according to embodiment 4, 7 to 36 or 62 to 66, wherein the plant disease is anthracnose, blight, canker, clubroot, damping off, gall, blight, spot, powdery mildew, mold, mosaic virus disease, rot, rust, scab, smut, wilt or any combination thereof.
99. The method of embodiment 1, 7-36, 62-66 or 98 or the use of embodiment 4, 7-36, 62-66 or 98, wherein the pathogen is a viral pathogen, a bacterial pathogen, a fungal pathogen, a nematode pathogen or any combination thereof.

(Example)
The following non-limiting examples are provided for illustrative purposes only to provide a more complete understanding of representative embodiments presently contemplated, and should not be construed as limiting any of the embodiments described herein, including those relating to the botanical drug compositions or methods or uses disclosed herein.

Example 1
Preparation of treated fermentation yeast supernatant 1
To prepare the treated fermentation yeast supernatant, a fermentation reaction is set up in a large jacketed mixing kettle containing about 1,000 L of hot water at a temperature of about 29° C. to about 38° C. To the water, about 84.9 kg of black untreated cane molasses, about 25.2 kg of cane raw sugar, and about 1.2 kg of magnesium sulfate are added. After the mixture is thoroughly mixed, about 11.4 kg of saccharifying malt and about 1.2 kg of baker's yeast are added and stirred slightly. The mixture is incubated at about 26° C. to about 42° C. for about 3 days, at which time the foaming reaction disappears, indicating that the fermentation is substantially complete. At the end of the fermentation, the yeast fermentation composition is centrifuged to remove any "sludge" formed during the fermentation process. The resulting fermentation supernatant (about 98.59% by weight) is collected and sterilized by autoclaving. The treated fermentation yeast supernatant can then be stored in liquid form for later use. Alternatively, the treated fermentation yeast supernatant can be spray dried to produce a dry powder by methods known in the art. The dry powder form can also be stored for later use.

Example 2
Preparation of treated yeast supernatant 2
To prepare the treated fermentation yeast supernatant, a fermentation reaction is set up in a large jacketed mixing kettle containing about 1,000 L of hot water at a temperature of about 29° C. to about 38° C. To the water, about 42.5 kg of black untreated cane molasses, about 12.6 kg of raw cane sugar, and about 1.2 kg of magnesium sulfate are added. After the mixture is thoroughly mixed, about 10.3 kg of saccharifying malt and about 1.2 kg of baker's yeast are added and stirred slightly. The mixture is incubated at about 26° C. to about 42° C. for about 3 days, at which time the disappearance of the foaming reaction is observed, indicating that the fermentation is substantially complete. At the end of the fermentation, the yeast fermentation culture is centrifuged to remove the "sludge" formed during the fermentation process. The resulting fermentation supernatant (about 98.59% by weight) is collected and processed by autoclaving. The treated fermentation yeast supernatant can then be stored in liquid form for later use. Alternatively, the treated fermentation yeast supernatant can be spray dried to produce a dry powder by methods known in the art. The dry powder form can also be stored for later use.

Example 3
Preparation of treated yeast supernatant 3
To prepare the treated fermentation yeast supernatant, a fermentation reaction is set up in a large jacketed mixing kettle containing about 1,000 L of hot water at a temperature of about 29° C. to about 38° C. To the water, about 21.3 kg of black untreated cane molasses, about 6.3 kg of cane raw sugar, and about 1.2 kg of magnesium sulfate are added. After the mixture is thoroughly mixed, about 9.3 kg of saccharifying malt and about 1.2 kg of baker's yeast are added and stirred slightly. The mixture is incubated at about 26° C. to about 42° C. for about 3 days, at which time the disappearance of the foaming reaction is observed, indicating that the fermentation is substantially complete. At the end of the fermentation, the yeast fermentation culture is centrifuged to remove the "sludge" formed during the fermentation process. The resulting fermentation supernatant (about 98.59% by weight) is collected and processed by autoclaving. The treated fermentation yeast supernatant can then be stored in liquid form for later use. Alternatively, the treated fermentation yeast supernatant can be spray dried to produce a dry powder by methods known in the art. The dry powder form can also be stored for later use.

Example 4
Preparation of the Botanical Drug Composition To prepare the botanical drug composition, 1,000 L of hot sterile water (about 60° C. to about 65° C.) was added to 1,000 L of treated fermentation yeast supernatant in a large jacketed mixing kettle. To this mixture was added about 168.8 kg of TERGITOL™ 15-S-7 linear secondary alcohol ethoxylate, about 168.8 kg of TERGITOL™ 15-S-5 linear secondary alcohol ethoxylate, about 67.5 kg of DOWFAX™ 2A1 alkyl diphenyl oxide disulfate, and about 67.5 kg of TRITON™ H-66 phosphate polyetherester. The mixture was mixed thoroughly until in solution. Water was then added to bring the volume to about 4,500 L and stirred until completely mixed. The pH of the resulting botanical drug composition was adjusted to about 3.7 to about 4.2 with phosphoric acid. The pH adjusted botanical drug composition was then sterile filtered to remove any microbial contamination.

The composition was found to be non-irritating and non-toxic to skin tissue and could be stored in a cool place for several months without any discernible loss or degradation of efficacy.

DOWFAX™ 2A1 can be replaced with an anionic biosurfactant such as STEPONOL® AM30-KE ammonium lauryl sulfate, STEPONOL® EHS sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulfate, or a combination thereof.

Optionally, the resulting botanical drug composition may then be mixed with a preservative or stabilizer, such as about 1% by weight sodium benzoate, about 0.01% by weight imidazolidinyl urea, about 0.15% by weight diazolidinyl urea, and about 0.25% by weight calcium chloride. With continued stirring, sodium benzoate, imidazolidinyl urea, diazolidinyl urea, and calcium chloride are added. The temperature of the mixture is then gradually increased to 40° C., and the mixture is continuously stirred. The temperature is maintained at about 40° C. for about 1 hour to ensure that all components of the mixture are dissolved. The mixture is then cooled to about 20° C. to about 25° C. The pH of the resulting botanical drug composition was adjusted to about 3.7 to about 4.2 with phosphoric acid. The pH-adjusted botanical drug composition was then filter-sterilized to remove any microbial contamination.

Example 5
Preparation of the Botanical Drug Composition To prepare the botanical drug composition, 850 L of hot sterile water (about 60° C. to about 65° C.) was placed in a large jacketed mixing kettle. To the water was added about 7.62 g of dried powder of treated fermentation yeast supernatant, about 37.5 kg of TERGITOL™ 15-S-7 linear secondary alcohol ethoxylate, about 37.5 kg of TERGITOL™ 15-S-5 linear secondary alcohol ethoxylate, about 15.0 kg of DOWFAX™ 2A1 alkyl diphenyl oxide disulfate, and about 25.0 kg of TRITON™ H-66 phosphate polyetherester. The mixture was mixed thoroughly until in solution. Water was then added to bring the volume to about 1,000 L and stirred until completely mixed. The pH of the resulting botanical drug composition was adjusted to about 3.7 to about 4.2 with phosphoric acid. The pH adjusted botanical drug composition was then sterile filtered to remove any microbial contamination.

Optionally, the resulting botanical drug composition may then be mixed with a preservative or stabilizer, such as about 1% by weight sodium benzoate, about 0.01% by weight imidazolidinyl urea, about 0.15% by weight diazolidinyl urea, and about 0.25% by weight calcium chloride. With continued stirring, sodium benzoate, imidazolidinyl urea, diazolidinyl urea, and calcium chloride are added. The temperature of the mixture is then gradually increased to 40° C., and the mixture is continuously stirred. The temperature is maintained at about 40° C. for about 1 hour to ensure that all components of the mixture are dissolved. The mixture is then cooled to about 20° C. to about 25° C. The pH of the resulting botanical drug composition was adjusted to about 3.7 to about 4.2 with phosphoric acid. The pH-adjusted botanical drug composition was then filter-sterilized to remove any microbial contamination.

The composition was found to be non-irritating and non-toxic to skin tissue and could be stored in a cool place for several months without any discernible loss or degradation of efficacy.

DOWFAX™ 2A1 can be replaced with an anionic biosurfactant such as STEPONOL® AM30-KE ammonium lauryl sulfate, STEPONOL® EHS sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulfate, or a combination thereof.

In place of the dry powder of treated fermentation yeast supernatant disclosed in Examples 1-3, commercially available dry powders of treated fermentation yeast supernatant including, for example, TASTONE® 154, TASTONE® 210 or TASTONE® 900 can be used.

Example 6
Rice Testing This example demonstrates the effect of the botanical pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein on rice plant growth and grain production.

In one test, the effect of the plant pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein on rice seed germination, seedling height, and root length was evaluated. Seeds of rice variety Oryzica 1 were divided into three groups of 100 seeds, placed in bags, and each group was pretreated for 2 minutes by immersing the bags in one of the following solutions: 1) distilled water (control); 2) a 2% solution of the plant pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein (92% treated fermentation supernatant and 8% surfactant); and 3) a 2% solution of the plant pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein (90% treated fermentation supernatant and 10% surfactant). The treated seeds were sown in sterile sand and then placed in a soil grower for 7-10 days to germinate. The germination effect was evaluated by determining the germination percentage, seedling height, and root length. This test was performed four times. The results showed that the treatment of the rice seed variety Oryzica 1 did not result in any difference in the measured variables, namely germination rate, seedling height, and root length.

In another test, the effect of the plant pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein on the growth of rice seedlings was evaluated. Seedlings of rice variety Oryzica 1 were divided into groups of 20 seedlings and transplanted into planters containing soil that had been previously sterilized and properly fertilized to meet the nutrient requirements for good rice growth. The seedlings were divided into three groups of five planters. The seedlings were treated daily with 2 mL of one of the three solutions for 20 days. Group 1 was treated with distilled water (control); Group 2 was treated with a 2% solution of the plant pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein (92% treated fermentation supernatant and 8% surfactant); Group 3 was treated with a 2% solution of the plant pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein (90% treated fermentation supernatant and 10% surfactant). At the end of the 20-day period, data were obtained on seedling height, stalk production and grain yield.

The results showed that treatments 1 and 2 showed significant improvement compared to control 1. For example, one criterion I, the ratio of stalk growth to panicle (loose, branched cluster of flowers) growth. Control 1 was found to have a high stalk/panicle ratio (15.4/12.2), many long stalks with very short panicles, and low grain production. Treatments 1 and 2 had more favorable stalk/panicle ratios (10.4/7.4 and 12.2/10.2, respectively), resulting in high grain yields. Treatment 2 was found to have a better stalk/panicle ratio than treatment 1, resulting in long stalks with full panicles. Furthermore, of the resulting panicles, control 1 contained 13.5% empty kernels (not filled with rice grains), indicating sterility. Treatment 2 had 6.4% empty kernels, and treatment 3 had 3.9% empty kernels. Thus, plant sterility was reduced by treatment with the plant pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein. Additionally, treatment group 2 produced 14% more grains per plant compared to control group 1, and treatment group 3 produced 64% more grains compared to control group 1. Additionally, treatment group 2 showed a 55% increase in root growth compared to control group 1, and treatment group 3 showed a 104% increase in root growth compared to control group 1. In summary, significant benefits were observed when rice plants were treated with a 2% solution of the plant pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein.

Example 7
Tomato Testing This example demonstrates the effect of the botanical pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein on tomato plant growth and fruit production.

Tomato seedlings were grown in a greenhouse in soil consisting of 40% sand and 60% organic compost. No chemical fertilizers or urea were used, but cow manure was applied. Tomato seedlings were divided into two groups. The control group included seedlings that were drip irrigated daily for six months with distilled water (control). The treatment group included seedlings that were drip irrigated with a 1:400 dilution of the plant pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein (90% treated fermentation supernatant and 10% surfactant). Plants were evaluated monthly for six months. Plant growth and fruit production were evaluated.

The results showed that the treatment group showed significant improvement over the control group. For example, the plants in the treatment group were stronger and more robust than the control group throughout the six-month period. Furthermore, the control group had a 30% mortality rate in this study, while the treatment group had a 100% survival rate. Furthermore, the plants in the treatment group still flowered and fruited for five months, while the control group stopped flowering and fruiting after three months. Finally, the final crop yield of the treatment group was more than double that of the control group. For example, the control group yielded 720 Kg of tomatoes, while the treatment group yielded 1,715 Kg of tomatoes. In summary, significant benefits were observed when treating tomato plants with a 2% solution of the botanical pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein.

A similar test was performed on parsley. The results showed that treatments with a 2% solution of the botanical pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein produced five times as much parsley as the control treated with distilled water.

A similar test was conducted on eggplant. The results showed that the treatment group treated with a 2% solution of the plant pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein produced 28% more eggplant than the control group treated with distilled water.

Example 8
Testing with Olive Trees This example demonstrates the effect of the botanical pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein on olive tree growth and fruit production.

Olive trees growing in an orchard were divided into two groups. The control group of trees was drip irrigated with distilled water (control) for two seasons. The treatment group was drip irrigated with a 1:400 dilution of the botanical pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein (90% treated fermentation supernatant and 10% surfactant) for two seasons. The plants were evaluated monthly during the study period. Plant growth and fruit production were evaluated.

The results showed that the treatment groups showed significant improvements compared to the control group. For example, the treatment groups produced about 35% to about 40% more olives than the control group. Even more surprising, the treatment trees produced fruit every year, whereas the control group produced fruit every other year. Finally, the flavor of the oil, especially the phenolics, was enhanced, and therefore the flavor or quality of the olive oil from the treatment groups was improved compared to the control group.

Further testing was performed using a 1:1000 dilution of the plant drug composition disclosed herein with nearly identical results.

Nearly identical results were observed in walnut and almond trees.

Example 9
Testing with Tobacco This example demonstrates the effect of the botanical pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein on tobacco growth and fruit production.

Tobacco seedlings were grown in the field. The seedlings were divided into two groups. The control group included seedlings that were drip irrigated daily with distilled water (control) for six months. The treatment group included seedlings that were drip irrigated with a 1:400 dilution of the plant pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein (90% treated fermentation supernatant and 10% surfactant). After transplanting to the field, the treatment group included seedlings that were drip irrigated with a 1:800 dilution of the plant pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein. The plants were evaluated monthly for six months. Plant growth and fruit production were evaluated.

Results showed that the treatment groups showed significant improvements compared to the control group. For example, the tobacco plants in the treatment groups had approximately 40% to 50% greater growth compared to the control group. Additionally, the tobacco plants in the treatment groups had greater root growth and higher seedling survival rates.

Although the tests were conducted in a greenhouse, nearly identical results were observed with cannabis.

Example 10
Testing on Plant Diseases This example demonstrates the efficacy of the plant pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein for treating plant diseases caused by the pathogens disclosed herein.

Roses with leaf spot caused by fungal infestation were treated with a 1:200 dilution of the botanical pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein using a spray bottle. After 1-2 weeks, no fungal infestation was observed.

Using a drip irrigation system, olive trees with fungal canker were treated with a 1:1000 dilution of the botanical pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein. After 1-2 weeks, no fungal infestation was observed.

Using a drip irrigation system, olive trees with canker disease caused by bacterial infestation were treated with a 1:1000 dilution of the botanical pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein. After 1-2 weeks, no bacterial infestation was observed.

Finally, while aspects of the present specification have been elucidated by reference to specific embodiments, it should be understood that those skilled in the art will understand that these disclosed embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles of the subject matter disclosed herein. Accordingly, it should be understood that the subject matter of the present disclosure is in no way limited to the specific compounds, compositions, articles, devices, methodologies, protocols and/or reagents, etc. described herein, unless otherwise specified. Moreover, it will be understood that those skilled in the art may, in accordance with the teachings of the present specification, make certain changes, modifications, permutations, alterations, additions, deductions and subcombinations thereof without departing from the spirit of the present specification. Accordingly, the appended "claims" below and the claims inserted thereafter shall be construed to include all such changes, modifications, permutations, alterations, additions, deductions and subcombinations as being within the true spirit and scope of the present specification.

Specific embodiments of the present invention are described herein, including the best mode known to the inventors for carrying out the invention. Of course, variations on these described embodiments will become apparent to those of skill in the art upon reading the above description. The inventors anticipate that such variations will be employed by those of skill in the art as appropriate, and intend that the invention be practiced in ways other than as specifically described herein. Accordingly, this invention includes all modifications and equivalents permitted by applicable law with respect to the subject matter recited in the "claims" appended hereto. Moreover, unless otherwise expressly provided herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context, this invention encompasses any combination of the above-described embodiments in various possible forms.

Groupings of alternative embodiments, elements or steps of the invention are not to be construed as limiting. Each member of a group may be referred to or claimed individually or in any combination with other group members disclosed herein. It is anticipated that one or more members of a group may be included in, or deleted from, a group for reasons of convenience and/or patentability. In the event of such inclusion or deletion, the specification shall be deemed to include the group as modified and thus satisfy any Markush group recitation used in the appended "claims."

Unless otherwise expressly stated, any numerical value used in the specification and claims to express a feature, item, amount, parameter, characteristic, duration, etc., should be understood to be modified in all instances by the term "about." The term "about" as used herein means that the feature, item, amount, parameter, characteristic, or duration so modified encompasses a range of up to 10 percent above or below the numerical value of the stated feature, item, amount, parameter, characteristic, or duration. Thus, unless otherwise expressly stated, the numerical parameters described in this specification and the appended claims are approximations that may vary. For example, because mass spectrometry instruments may exhibit negligible differences in determining the mass of a given analyte, the term "about" used in connection with the mass of an ion or the mass/charge ratio of an ion refers to +/- 0.50 atomic mass units. At a minimum, and without attempting to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claims, each numerical value described should be interpreted by at least taking into account the number of significant digits reported and applying ordinary rounding techniques.

When the term "may" or "can" is used in connection with an embodiment or an aspect of an embodiment, the other meaning of "may not" or "cannot" is also attached thereto. Thus, when the specification discloses that an embodiment or an aspect of an embodiment may be included as part of the subject matter of the present invention, at the same time, a negative limitation or exclusionary condition is also expressly implied, meaning that an embodiment or an aspect of an embodiment may not be included as part of the subject matter of the present invention. Similarly, when the term "optionally" is used in connection with an embodiment or an aspect of an embodiment, it means that such embodiment or aspect of an embodiment may or may not be included as part of the subject matter of the present invention. Whether such a negative limitation or exclusionary condition applies depends on whether the negative limitation or exclusionary condition is recited in the claimed subject matter.

Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and values setting forth the broad scope of the invention are approximations, the numerical ranges and values set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as possible. However, any numerical range or value inherently contains certain errors necessarily resulting from the standard deviation found in their respective testing measurements. When a range of values is recited herein, it is merely intended to serve as a shorthand way of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range. Unless expressly stated otherwise herein, each individual value of a numerical range is incorporated herein as if each individual value were recited herein.

The terms "a," "an," and "the," and similar referents used in connection with the description of the present invention (particularly in connection with the claims that follow) should be construed as including both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise expressly indicated herein or otherwise contradicted by context. In addition, terms indicating the order of elements described, such as "first," "second," "third," and the like, are used to distinguish between elements, and do not expressly or imply a required or limited number of elements, or a particular location or order of such elements, unless otherwise expressly indicated herein or otherwise contradicted by context. Any of the methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order, unless otherwise expressly indicated herein or otherwise contradicted by context. The use of any examples or exemplary phrases (e.g., "etc.") described herein is intended merely to facilitate understanding of the invention, and does not limit the scope of the invention as otherwise claimed. Any phrases used herein should not be construed as indicating any non-claimed element essential to the practice of the invention.

The open-ended transitional term "comprising" (and equivalent open-ended transitional phrases such as including, containing, and having), when used in a claim, whether as filed or added by amendment, includes all recited elements, limitations, steps, and/or features, either alone or in combination with unrecited subject matter, of which the specified elements, limitations, and/or features are essential, but of which other unrecited elements, limitations, and/or features may still be added to form a construct within the scope of the claim. Certain embodiments disclosed herein may be further limited by using the closed-ended transitional phrase "consisting of" or "consisting essentially of" in place of or as an amendment to "comprising" in the claim. When the closed-ended transitional phrase "consisting of" is used in a claim, whether as filed or added by amendment, it excludes any element, limitation, step, or feature not expressly recited in the claim. The closed-ended transitional phrase "consisting essentially of" limits the scope of the claim to those elements, limitations, steps, and/or features that are expressly recited, as well as any other elements, limitations, steps, and/or features that do not materially affect the underlying novel characteristic(s) of the claimed subject matter. The meaning of the open-ended transitional phrase "comprising" is therefore defined to include all elements, limitations, steps, and/or features specifically recited, as well as any optional additional elements, limitations, steps, and/or features not expressly recited. The meaning of the closed-ended transitional phrase "consisting of" is defined to include only those elements, limitations, steps, and/or features that are specifically recited in the claim, whereas the meaning of the closed-ended transitional phrase "consisting essentially of" is defined to include only those elements, limitations, steps, and/or features that are specifically recited in the claim and that do not materially affect the novel feature(s) underlying the claimed subject matter. Thus, the meaning of the open-ended transitional phrase "comprising" (and its equivalent open-ended transitional phrases) includes, as a limitation, the subject matter set forth and claimed by the closed-ended transitional phrases "consisting of" or "consisting essentially of." Thus, any embodiment described or claimed herein using the phrase "comprising" is expressly or essentially described, in force, and supported by the phrases "consisting essentially of" and "consisting of."

All patents, patent publications, and other publications referenced and identified in this specification are individually and expressly incorporated herein by reference in their entirety for the purpose of describing and disclosing, for example, the compositions and methodologies described in such publications that may be used in connection with the present invention. These publications are mentioned solely for their disclosure prior to the filing date of the present application. Nothing in this regard should be construed as an admission that the inventors are not entitled to antedate such disclosure by reason of prior invention or otherwise. Any statement as to the date or content of such documents is based on the information available to the applicants and does not constitute an admission as to the correctness of the dates or contents of such documents.

Finally, the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined solely by the claims. Thus, the invention is not limited to exactly as shown and described.

This application may include the following inventions.
(1)
A botanical pharmaceutical composition comprising a treated fermentation microbial supernatant and one or more non-ionic surfactants, which is free of any active enzymes or viable bacteria and has a pH of less than 5.0.
(2)
The plant pharmaceutical composition according to (1), wherein the treated fermentation microbial supernatant is derived from a fermentation yeast supernatant, a fermentation bacterial supernatant, a fermentation mold supernatant, or any combination thereof.
(3)
The fermentation yeast supernatant is preferably selected from the group consisting of Brettanomyces, Candida, Cyberlindnera, Cystofilobasidium, Debaryomyces, Dekkera, Fusarium, Geotrichum, and the like. chum), Issatchenkia, Kazachstania, Kloeckera, Kluyveromyces, Lecanicillium, Mucor, Neurospora, Pediococcus, Pe Penicillium, Pichia, Rhizopus, Rhodosporidium, Rhodotorula, Saccharomyces, Schizosaccharomyces, Thrichosporon, The plant pharmaceutical composition according to (2), which is obtained from a yeast species belonging to the genus Torulaspora, Torulopsis, Verticillium, Yarrowia, Zygosaccharomyces or Zygotorulaspora.
(4)
4. The plant pharmaceutical composition according to claim 3, wherein the fermentation yeast supernatant is obtained from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
(5)
The plant drug composition according to any one of (1) to (4), comprising at least 35% by weight of the treated fermentation microbial supernatant.
(6)
The plant drug composition according to any one of (1) to (5), comprising up to 95% by weight of the treated fermentation microbial supernatant.
(7)
The plant drug composition according to any one of (1) to (6), wherein the nonionic surfactant comprises a polyether-based nonionic surfactant, a polyhydroxyl-based nonionic surfactant and/or a biosurfactant.
(8)
The plant pharmaceutical composition according to (7), wherein the polyhydroxyl-based nonionic surfactant comprises a sucrose ester, an ethoxylated sucrose ester, a sorbital ester, an ethoxylated sorbital ester, an alkyl glucoside, an ethoxylated alkyl glucoside, a polyglycerol ester, or an ethoxylated polyglycerol ester.
(9)
10. The plant pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the nonionic surfactant comprises an amine oxide, an ethoxylated alcohol, an ethoxylated fatty alcohol, an alkyl amine, an ethoxylated alkyl amine, an ethoxylated alkyl phenol, an alkyl polysaccharide, an ethoxylated _{alkyl polysaccharide} , an ethoxylated fatty acid, an _ethoxylated fatty alcohol or an ethoxylated fatty amine, or ^{a nonionic} surfactant having the general formula H _{( OCH2CH2} ) _xOC6H4R1 , _{( OCH2CH2} ) _xOR2 or H( _OCH2CH2 ) _xOC (O) ^R2 , where x represents the number of moles of ethylene oxide added to the alkyl phenol and/or fatty alcohol or fatty acid, ^R1 represents a long chain alkyl group and ^R2 represents a long chain aliphatic group.
(10)
The plant drug composition according to (9), wherein R ¹ is a C ₇ -C ₁₀ normal alkyl group and/or R ² is a C ₁₂ -C ₂₀ aliphatic group.
(11)
The plant drug composition according to any one of (1) to (10), wherein the nonionic surfactant is ethoxylated nonylphenol, ethoxylated octylphenol, ethoxylated ceto-oleyl alcohol, ethoxylated ceto-stearyl alcohol, ethoxylated decyl alcohol, ethoxylated dodecyl alcohol, ethoxylated tridecyl alcohol, or ethoxylated castor oil.
(12)
12. The plant pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 1 to 11, comprising from about 1% to about 15% by weight of said one or more nonionic surfactants.
(13)
13. The plant pharmaceutical composition of claim 12, comprising from about 5% to about 13% by weight of said one or more nonionic surfactants.
(14)
14. The plant pharmaceutical composition of claim 13, comprising from about 7% to about 11% by weight of the one or more nonionic surfactants.
(15)
The plant drug composition according to any one of (1) to (14), further comprising one or more anionic surfactants.
(16)
16. The plant drug composition according to claim 15, comprising from about 0.5% to about 10% by weight of said one or more anionic surfactants.
(17)
17. The plant pharmaceutical composition according to claim 16, comprising from about 1% to about 8% by weight of said one or more anionic surfactants.
(18)
18. The plant pharmaceutical composition according to claim 17, comprising from about 2% to about 6% by weight of said one or more anionic surfactants.
(19)
The plant drug composition according to any one of (1) to (18), wherein the pH is up to 4.5.
(20)
20. The plant drug composition according to claim 19, wherein the pH is from about 3.7 to about 4.2.
(21)
The plant drug composition according to any one of (1) to (20), further comprising an antibacterial agent.
(22)
The plant drug composition according to any one of (1) to (21), which is substantially non-toxic to humans, mammals, plants and the environment.
(23)
The plant drug composition according to any one of (1) to (22), which is biodegradable.
(24)
A method for controlling a pathogen of a plant disease, comprising applying to one or more plants infested with a pathogen an effective amount of a plant drug composition as defined in any one of (1) to (23) and/or applying to one or more loci such that the pathogen is exposed to the plant drug composition an effective amount of a plant drug composition as defined in any one of (1) to (23), wherein application of the plant drug composition produces a detrimental effect on the pathogen to be controlled.
(25)
20. A method of increasing plant growth and/or crop production, comprising applying to one or more plants an effective amount of a plant pharmaceutical composition as defined in any one of (1)-(23) and/or applying to one or more loci of said one or more plants exposed to said plant pharmaceutical composition, wherein application of said plant pharmaceutical composition results in improved absorption by root hairs, improved xylem sap flow through the xylem and improved photosynthate flow in the phloem, increased absorption of water, minerals and other nutrients from the soil, increased capillary action and/or hydrostatic pressure in the xylem and/or increased synthesis of compounds and energy and/or disruption of one or more components inhibiting xylem sap flow and/or photosynthate flow.
(26)
23. A method for maintaining or improving the efficiency of an irrigation system, comprising applying to one or more pipes in a pipeline network of the irrigation system an effective amount of a plant drug composition as defined in any one of (1) to (23), wherein application of the plant drug composition sufficiently removes one or more components that interfere with the pipeline network or networks of the irrigation system.
(27)
Use of an effective amount of the plant drug composition defined in any one of (1) to (23) for controlling plant diseases.
(28)
Use of an effective amount of a plant pharmaceutical composition as defined in any one of (1) to (23) for increasing plant growth and/or crop production.
(29)
Use of an effective amount of a plant pharmaceutical composition as defined in any one of (1) to (23) in maintaining or improving the efficiency of an irrigation system.

Claims (19)

1. A method of maintaining or improving efficiency of an irrigation system, comprising applying an effective amount of a composition to water in one or more pipes in a pipeline network of said irrigation system, wherein application of said composition to said water sufficiently removes one or more components that impair the flow of said water in said one or more pipes;
the effective amount of the composition having a final concentration of 0.0001% to 10% by weight;
The method of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises treated fermentation yeast supernatant and one or more non-ionic surfactants, is free of active enzymes, and has a pH of less than 5.0. The method of claim 1, wherein the effective amount of the composition has a final concentration of 0.0001% to 1% by weight. The method of claim 1, wherein the effective amount of the composition has a final concentration of 0.0001% to 0.1% by weight. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the composition contains 5% to 95% by weight of the treated fermentation yeast supernatant. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the composition comprises at least 35% by weight of the treated fermentation yeast supernatant. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the composition comprises up to 90% by weight of the treated fermentation yeast supernatant. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the nonionic surfactant comprises a polyether-based nonionic surfactant, a polyhydroxyl-based nonionic surfactant, and/or a biosurfactant. The method of claim 7, wherein the polyhydroxyl-based nonionic surfactant comprises a sucrose ester, an ethoxylated sucrose ester, a sorbital ester, an ethoxylated sorbital ester, an alkyl glucoside, an ethoxylated alkyl glucoside, a polyglycerol ester, or an ethoxylated polyglycerol ester. 7. The method of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the non-ionic surfactant comprises an ethoxylated alcohol, an ethoxylated fatty alcohol, an alkyl amine, an ethoxylated alkyl amine, an ethoxylated alkyl phenol, an alkyl polysaccharide, an _{ethoxylated alkyl} polysaccharide, an ethoxylated fatty acid, _{an ethoxylated fatty alcohol or an ethoxylated fatty amine or a non-ionic surfactant having the general formula H(OCH2CH2)xOC6H4R1, (OCH2CH2)xOR2 or H} ⁽ _{OCH2CH2 ) xOC (} ^O _{) R2} ^, where x represents the number of moles of ethylene oxide added to the alkyl phenol and/or fatty alcohol or fatty acid, ^R1 represents a long chain alkyl group and ^R2 represents a long chain aliphatic group. The method of claim 9, wherein R ¹ is a C ₇ -C ₁₀ alkyl group and/or R ² is a C ₁₂ -C ₂₀ aliphatic group. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the nonionic surfactant is ethoxylated nonylphenol, ethoxylated octylphenol, ethoxylated ceto-oleyl alcohol, ethoxylated ceto-stearyl alcohol, ethoxylated decyl alcohol, ethoxylated dodecyl alcohol, ethoxylated tridecyl alcohol, or ethoxylated castor oil. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the composition comprises 1% to 15% by weight of the one or more nonionic surfactants. The method of claim 12, wherein the composition comprises 5% to 13% by weight of the one or more nonionic surfactants. The method of claim 13, wherein the composition comprises 7% to 11% by weight of the one or more nonionic surfactants. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the pH is up to 4.5. The method of claim 15, wherein the pH is 3.7 to 4.2. The method of any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the composition further comprises an antibacterial agent. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the composition is composed only of ingredients that are non-toxic to humans, mammals, plants, and the environment. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the composition is composed only of biodegradable components.