JP7652590B2 - Surveying target device - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a surveying target device.

At construction sites and civil engineering sites, positioning work is carried out to identify points whose coordinates are specified on a drawing on the actual ground or floor surface. This work is carried out using surveying equipment such as a total station and a surveying target device.

The simplest surveying target device has a structure in which a reflecting prism is attached to the top of a rod. In the above positioning work, the position of the reflecting prism of this surveying target device is measured by a surveying device, the target position is determined, and the tip of the vertical rod is used to indicate the corresponding position on the floor or ground and mark it. Surveying target devices of this type are known from those described in Patent Documents 1 and 2.

Japanese Patent No. 5833335 Japanese Patent No. 6456149

The above-mentioned surveying target device is required to be easy to use and to provide high positioning accuracy. In this respect, the devices currently in use are insufficient. Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a surveying target device that is easier to use and provides high positioning accuracy.

The present invention is a surveying target device that comprises a support portion, a movable member that is placed on the support portion and can be freely moved by sliding it horizontally, an optical portion having a retroreflector and a laser pointer, and a connecting member that connects the movable member to the optical portion, wherein the connecting member connects the movable member to the optical portion while maintaining the direction of the optical axis of the laser pointer in the vertical direction, and the connecting member can be rotated while being eccentric to the movable member .

The present invention is a surveying target device comprising: a support portion; a movable member placed on the support portion and capable of sliding freely in a horizontal direction; an optical portion having a retroreflector and a laser pointer; and a connecting member connecting the movable member and the optical portion, wherein the connecting member connects the movable member and the optical portion while maintaining the direction of the optical axis of the laser pointer in a vertical direction , the laser pointer irradiating laser point light in a vertically downward direction, the connecting member being a universal joint which connects the movable member and the optical portion , an extension member which detoures horizontally from the optical portion to above the movable member, and another laser pointer which is fixed to the extension member and irradiates laser point light in an upward direction coaxial with the laser pointer.

The present invention is a surveying target device comprising: a support portion; a movable member placed on the support portion and capable of sliding freely in a horizontal direction; an optical portion having a retroreflector and a laser pointer; and a connecting member connecting the movable member to the optical portion, wherein the connecting member connects the movable member to the optical portion while maintaining the direction of the optical axis of the laser pointer in a vertical direction, the laser pointer irradiates laser point light in a vertically downward direction, the connecting member being a gimbal mechanism with two orthogonal axes, the gimbal mechanism supporting a vertical support member that supports the optical portion vertically from above, and another laser pointer fixed to the vertical support member and irradiating laser point light upward on the same axis as the laser pointer.

The present invention is a surveying target device comprising a support portion, a movable member placed on the support portion and capable of sliding freely horizontally, an optical portion equipped with a retroreflector and a laser pointer, and a connecting member connecting the movable member to the optical portion, wherein the connecting member connects the movable member to the optical portion while maintaining the direction of the optical axis of the laser pointer in the vertical direction, the connecting member being a universal joint, the movable member holding a support shaft supporting the universal joint from above, the support portion being provided with an opening through which the support shaft passes downward, and the inner edge of the opening being provided with a notch into which the support shaft fits.

In the present invention, the support shaft has an enlarged diameter portion that is relatively enlarged and a reduced diameter portion that is relatively reduced in diameter, the cutout portion has a shape with a relatively narrow entrance and a relatively wide interior, the diameter of the enlarged diameter portion is a dimension that does not allow the entrance to pass from the horizontal direction, and the diameter of the reduced diameter portion is a dimension that allows the entrance to pass from the horizontal direction.

The present invention is a surveying target device comprising a support portion, a movable member placed on the support portion and capable of sliding freely horizontally, an optical portion having a retroreflector and a laser pointer, and a connecting member connecting the movable member to the optical portion, the connecting member connecting the movable member to the optical portion while maintaining the direction of the optical axis of the laser pointer in the vertical direction, the support portion having an opening, the lower surface of the movable member having a protrusion, and the inner edge of the opening having a recess or hole into which the protrusion fits.

The present invention is a surveying target device comprising: a support portion; a movable member placed on the support portion and capable of sliding freely in a horizontal direction; an optical portion equipped with a retroreflector and a laser pointer; and a connecting member connecting the movable member to the optical portion, wherein the connecting member connects the movable member to the optical portion while maintaining the direction of the optical axis of the laser pointer in the vertical direction, and an elongated member is fixed to the lower portion of the movable member, and the support portion is provided with an opening having a elongated shape that penetrates from top to bottom, and when viewed from the horizontal direction, the elongated member is positioned so as to overlap with the opening, and the longitudinal length of the elongated member is greater than the dimension of the opening in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction.

The present invention is a surveying target device that comprises a support portion, a movable member that is placed on the support portion and can be freely moved by sliding it horizontally, an optical portion having a retroreflector and a laser pointer, and a connecting member that connects the movable member to the optical portion, wherein the connecting member connects the movable member to the optical portion while maintaining the direction of the optical axis of the laser pointer in the vertical direction, a magnet is arranged at the bottom of the support portion, and a magnetic member is fixed to the movable member at a position spaced downward, and the movable member can be fixed to the support portion by moving the movable member upward and magnetically fixing the magnetic member to the magnet.

The present invention is a surveying target device comprising: a support portion; a movable member placed on the support portion and capable of sliding freely in a horizontal direction; an optical portion having a retroreflector and a laser pointer; and a connecting member connecting the movable member and the optical portion, the connecting member connecting the movable member and the optical portion while maintaining the direction of the optical axis of the laser pointer in a vertical direction, a rotating member rotatable on the movable member, and an optical portion support member holding the optical portion and engaged with the rotating member while being movable in a direction away from the center of rotation of the rotating member, the movable member being provided with a movement restriction structure that restricts the movement of the optical portion support member to a specific direction, and a lever is formed with the center of rotation of the rotating member as a fulcrum, the engaged position as a point of application, and a specific part of the rotating member as a point of force, the distance between the fulcrum and the point of application being greater than the distance between the fulcrum and the point of application, and by moving the point of force, the optical portion support member moves in a specific direction relative to the movable member.

The present invention is a surveying target device comprising a support portion, a movable member that can rotate on the support portion and has an opening that opens up and down, a slider that can move over the opening in the movable member while contacting the movable member, a support shaft that is held by the slider and extends downward from the opening, and a retroreflector and a laser pointer that are suspended and held on the support shaft via a connecting member, wherein the connecting member connects the support shaft to the retroreflector and laser pointer while maintaining the direction of the optical axis of the laser pointer in a vertical direction.

The present invention is a surveying target device comprising a first support part, a first rotating part capable of horizontally rotating relative to the first support part, a second rotating part capable of horizontally rotating relative to the first rotating part around a position that is not the rotation center of the first rotating part, a second support part held at a position that is not the rotation center of the second rotating part, and a retroreflector and a laser pointer suspended and held on the second support part via a connecting member , wherein the connecting member connects the second support part to the retroreflector and the laser pointer while maintaining the direction of the optical axis of the laser pointer in a vertical direction.

The present invention is a surveying target device that comprises a support section, an arm that is connected to the support section via a joint section and can rotate horizontally and up and down, and a retroreflector and a laser pointer that are suspended and held on the arm via a connecting member, the connecting member connecting the arm to the retroreflector and the laser pointer while maintaining the direction of the optical axis of the laser pointer in a vertical direction.

The present invention provides a surveying target that is easier to handle and provides high positioning accuracy.

FIG. 1A is a perspective view, FIG. 1B is a top view, and FIG. 1A and 1B are side views of an embodiment. 1A is a side view and FIG. 1B is a top view of the embodiment. 1A is a top view and FIG. 1B is a side view of the embodiment. 1A is a top view and FIG. 1B is a side view of the embodiment. 1A and 1B are top views of an embodiment. 1A is a side view, and FIG. 1B is a top view, and FIG. 1A and 1B are side views of an embodiment. 1A and 1B are top views of an embodiment. FIG. 2 is a top view of the embodiment. FIG. FIG. 1A and 1B are top views of the embodiment, and FIG. 1A and 1B are top views of an embodiment.

1. First embodiment (structure)
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a survey target device 100 according to an embodiment. In Fig. 1, when the survey target device 100 is installed substantially horizontally, the XY plane is the horizontal plane and the Z axis is the vertical axis. Note that the surface on which the target device 100 is installed is preferably horizontal, but does not necessarily have to be horizontal.

The surveying target device 100 comprises a support plate (base plate) 101 that serves as a base, and a movable part 110 that is a movable member that can move freely relative to the support plate 101. The support plate 101 is supported by support legs 120 that are installed on the floor or the ground. A tripod, a tripod with tires, a support structure with tires, or the like may be used in place of the support legs 120. The movable part 110 can be freely moved relative to the support plate 101 within the X-Y plane. This free movement is performed manually. There are no particular limitations on the material of the support plate 101, but resin or metal, for example, is used.

The movable part 110 is capable of moving freely within the XY plane (horizontal plane) relative to the support plate 101. Free movement means that movement is not restricted to a specific direction, but rather that movement and rotation is possible in any direction within that plane. This structure has the advantage of being simpler and easier to move manually than a structure that combines two axes, such as an XY stage.

The above-mentioned freely movable structure is realized by the following structure. The movable part 110 has a movable plate 111, a support shaft 112, a universal joint 113, a reflecting prism 114, and a laser pointer 115.

The movable plate 111 is a flat circular plate material with four holes (openings). There are no particular limitations on the material of the movable plate 111, but for example, resin or metal is used. The movable plate 111 is placed on the support plate 101, and can be moved and rotated within the X-Y plane by sliding on the support plate 101. Since it is moved by sliding, there is no restriction on the direction of movement of the movable plate 111 within the X-Y plane relative to the support plate 101, and it can be moved in any direction. It is also possible to rotate or move along a curved path. This allows the above-mentioned free movement to be possible.

A support shaft 112, which is a support member that suspends and holds the optical system 116 from above, is fixed to the center of the movable plate 111 via a universal joint 113. The support shaft 112 is a rod-shaped member that extends in a direction perpendicular to the movable plate 111. The support shaft 112 passes downward through a rectangular opening (hole) 102 formed in the support plate 101.

The optical system 116 is composed of a reflecting prism 114 and a laser pointer 115. The universal joint 113 functions to maintain the optical axis of the laser pointer 115 always pointing vertically downward, using two perpendicular axes. The universal joint 113 ensures that the reflecting prism 114 and the laser pointer 115 always maintain a vertically aligned positional relationship.

The reflecting prism 114 is an example of a retroreflector, which reflects the incident light beam by inverting it 180° in the direction of incidence. A commercially available surveying prism is used as the reflecting prism 114. In addition to the reflecting prism, a retroreflector using glass beads can also be used. A sheet-like retroreflector or paint that exhibits retroreflective properties can also be used. This is the same for the other embodiments. The laser pointer 115 is an example of a light indicating device that uses a bright point at the reflection point of the indicating light (point light) as the indicating point. The laser pointer 115 is always directed vertically downward even if the movable plate 116 is tilted, due to the function of the universal joint 113, and irradiates the laser point light in that direction.

The universal joint 113 has an upper first part and a lower second part connected by two shafts, the first part being fixed to the lower end of the support shaft 112 which passes through and is fixed to the center of the movable plate, and the second part being fixed to the top of the reflecting prism 114.

Here, the weight of the optical system 116 exerts a force on the second part of the universal joint 113 that pulls it vertically downward. Even if the first part is not vertical, this force causes the second part to become vertical due to the function of the universal joint, so that the optical axis of the laser pointer 115 always faces vertically downward.

The universal joint 113 can have a variety of structures, and is not limited to a specific structure as long as it keeps the suspended optical system 116 facing downward at all times. Known universal joint structures include Cardan joints, Rzeppa joints, and various structures based on these. For example, a ball mechanism can be used as the universal joint 113.

(Usage form)
Here, an example will be described in which marking is performed on a floor surface. In this example, a surveying device (not shown) having a total station function, a terminal (not shown) having a guide function, and a surveying target device 100 are used.

First, the surveying target device 100 is placed at the approximate position where marking is desired. The position of the reflecting prism 114 is then measured using a surveying device. The positioning data obtained by this surveying device is sent to the terminal. The terminal calculates the direction of the target position from the difference between the measured position of the reflecting prism 114 and the target position, and displays this direction on the display. Looking at this display, the operator manually moves the movable plate 111 and adjusts it so that the position of the reflecting prism 114 measured by the surveying device becomes the target position.

When the reflecting prism 114 is positioned at the target position, a mark is made on the point on the floor indicated by the laser light from the laser pointer 115.

In the above operation, the worker slides and moves the movable plate 111 horizontally on the support plate 101, and adjusts the horizontal position of the reflecting prism 114 to the target position.

(Superiority)
The structure is extremely simple, without using a gear mechanism or the like, and allows easy fine adjustment of the position of the reflecting prism 114. In addition, the movable plate 111 does not move even if you let go of it, and is stable. In addition, clamping (fixing operation) after alignment is not required.

2. Second embodiment Hereinafter, a modified version of the movable plate 111 in the first embodiment will be described, which is provided with a fine movement mechanism for the support shaft 112 on the movable plate 111. Fig. 2 shows a perspective view (A), a top view (B), and a side cross-sectional view (C) of this embodiment. In this embodiment, the movable plate 111' in Fig. 2 is used instead of the movable plate 111 in Fig. 1. The rest is the same as in Fig. 1.

The movable plate 111' shown in FIG. 2 has a base movable plate 121, a disk 122, and an eccentric plate 123. The base movable plate 121 is disk-shaped and has a circular opening 121a (see FIG. 2(C)) in the center. The center of the circular opening 121a and the center of the circular base movable plate 121 coincide with each other. The base movable plate 121 is placed on the support plate 101 in FIG. 1 in the same state as the movable plate 111, and can be slid on the support plate 111 to freely move in a direction parallel to the support plate 111 (horizontal direction).

The disk 122 has a plate-like disk shape and is held on the base movable plate 121 in a state in which it can rotate relatively. The center of rotation of the disk 122 coincides with the center of the circular base movable plate 121.

The inner edge of the circular opening 121a of the base movable plate 121 has a step structure that supports the outer edge of the disk 122 from below. The side and bottom surfaces of the outer edge of the disk 122 slide against the base movable plate 121 at this step structure, allowing the disk 122 to rotate relative to the base movable plate 121.

The position of the center of rotation of the disk 122 is moved by moving the base movable plate 121 on the support plate 101 in FIG. 1.

A circular eccentric plate 123 is held in a rotatable state on the disk 122. The center of rotation of the eccentric plate 123 coincides with the center of the circular eccentric plate 123, but does not coincide with the center of rotation of the disk 122. A circular opening 122a is provided on the disk 122. The center of this opening 122a coincides with the center of rotation of the eccentric plate 123. On the other hand, the center of the opening 122a does not coincide with the center of rotation of the disk 122, and the two are misaligned.

The underside of the outer edge of the eccentric plate 123 has a stepped structure, and this stepped structure is held in place by resting on the inner edge of the circular opening 122a of the disk 122. The outer edge of the eccentric plate 123 slides against the disk 122 at this stepped portion, allowing the eccentric plate 123 to rotate relative to the disk 122.

At a position off the center of rotation of the eccentric plate 123, the support shaft 112 is fixed in a state in which it penetrates vertically. At the lower end of the support shaft 112, the optical system 116 is suspended via a universal joint 113 in a structure similar to that shown in FIG. 1 (not shown in FIG. 2).

(function)
When the disk 122 is rotated, the center of rotation of the eccentric plate 123 moves on a circumference centered on the center of rotation of the disk 122. On the other hand, when the eccentric plate 123 is rotated, the support shaft 112 moves on a circumference centered on one point on the circumference.

As a result, by combining the rotation of the disk 122 and the rotation of the eccentric plate 123, the support shaft 112 can be moved within the range of the circular dashed line 124 in FIG. 2(B). In addition, by moving the movable plate 111' on the support plate 101 (see FIG. 1), the position of the circle enclosed by the dashed line 124 moves relative to the support plate 101.

For example, the horizontal position of the support shaft 112 (horizontal position of the reflecting prism 114 in FIG. 1) is roughly aligned by moving the movable plate 111' on the support plate 101, and then the horizontal position of the support shaft 112 (horizontal position of the reflecting prism 114 in FIG. 1) is precisely aligned by rotating the disk 122 and the eccentric plate 123.

3. Third embodiment In the second embodiment, it is also possible to adopt a configuration in which the base movable plate 121 is fixed and the support shaft 112 moves within a horizontal plane only by rotating the disk 122 and the eccentric plate 123. In this case, the base movable plate 121 does not rotate relative to the supporting leg of a tripod or the like and is fixed in structure.

4. Fourth embodiment The structure in Fig. 1 can also be used for a structure that irradiates light from a laser pointer (laser point light) upward. This example can be used, for example, when marking the position of a point positioned on a ceiling.

Figure 3 shows an example of the structure in this case. In this structure, one end of a U-shaped arm 131 is fixed to the lower part of the universal joint (the movable part on the reflecting prism 114 side) or to the upper part of the reflecting prism 114.

The arm 131 is integrated with the reflecting prism 114 and the laser pointer 115. The arm 131 has a horizontal extension 131a, a vertical extension 131b, and a horizontal extension 131c. The vertical extension 131b extends above the movable plate 111 through an opening 132 provided in the movable plate 111. An upper laser pointer 133 that irradiates a laser point light upward is fixed to the horizontal extension 131c.

The dimensions and positional relationship between the horizontal extension portion 131a and the horizontal extension portion 131c, as well as the position of the laser pointer 133 in the horizontal extension portion 131c, are adjusted so that the optical axis of the lower laser pointer 115 and the optical axis of the upper laser pointer 133 are aligned on the same line.

Figure 3 (B) shows the case where the movable plate 111 is tilted rather than horizontal. In this case, the universal joint 113 functions to keep the lower laser pointer 115 pointed vertically downward. The arm 131 integrated with the reflecting prism 114 and laser pointer 115 is also not affected by the tilt of the movable plate 111, and the universal joint 113 keeps the vertical extension 131b vertical.

This structure makes it possible to project laser point light vertically downward and vertically upward.

As described above, FIG. 3 shows a structure including a movable plate 111, which is a movable member; a support shaft 112 fixed to the movable plate 111 and extending downward from it; a universal joint 113, which is a connecting member connected to the support shaft 112; a reflecting prism 114 suspended and held by the universal joint 113; a laser pointer 115 that irradiates laser point light in a vertically downward direction; an arm 131 fixed to the reflecting prism 114 and the laser pointer 115, which makes a horizontal detour from the reflecting prism 114 and the laser pointer 115 to above the movable plate 111; and a laser pointer 133 fixed to the upper end of the arm 131 that irradiates laser point light in an upward direction, the laser pointer 133 being positioned coaxially with the laser pointer 115 so as to irradiate laser point light in an upward direction.

It is also possible to provide other arms having a similar structure to arm 131 at symmetrical angular positions when viewed vertically, to equalize the weight balance in the horizontal direction. For example, a structure in which arms similar to arm 131 are provided at two positions 180° apart when viewed vertically can be given.

Figure 4 shows another example having the same function as that of Figure 3. In this case, an opening 141 is provided in the center of the movable plate 111, and the support shaft 112 passes through the opening 141 from top to bottom. The support shaft 112 is attached to the movable plate 111 by a two-axis (two degrees of freedom) gimbal mechanism 142 that combines two gimbals whose rotation axes are perpendicular to each other. A reflecting prism 114 and a lower laser pointer 115 are fixed below the support shaft 112, and an upper laser pointer 133 is fixed above the support shaft 112.

Even if the movable plate 111 tilts from the horizontal, the gimbal mechanism 142 keeps the support shaft 112 vertical.

As described above, FIG. 3 shows a structure in which the support shaft 112 is held vertically on the movable plate 111 by the gimbal mechanism 142 with two orthogonal axes, the reflecting prism 114 and the lower laser pointer 115 are held below the support shaft 112, and the upper laser pointer 133 is held above the support shaft 112 in a position on the same optical axis as the laser pointer 115.

The configuration of this embodiment can also be used to irradiate the laser point light only upward. In this case, the lower laser pointer 115 can be removed.

5. Fifth embodiment In this example, an example will be described in which the movable part 110 can be provisionally fixed (temporarily fixed) to the support plate 101 in the configuration of Fig. 1. During work, it is necessary to carry the survey target device 100. In this case, if the movable part 110 is in a free state, there is a concern that the movable part 110 will move relative to the support plate 101 and, for example, hit the reflecting prism 114 or the laser pointer 115 against something.

To avoid such a situation, it is convenient if the movable part 110 can be temporarily fixed to the support plate 101. This embodiment relates to a structure that allows the movable part 110 to be temporarily fixed to the support plate 101. Figure 5 shows an overview of this embodiment. In this example, a notch 161 is provided on the inner edge (inner edge) of the opening 102 of the support plate 101.

The number of cutouts 161 is not limited to the number shown in the figure, and may be one or two or more. The cutouts 161 are shaped to fit the support shaft 112. In the example of FIG. 5, the support shaft 112 is provided with an expanded diameter section 112a having a relatively large diameter and a reduced diameter section 112b having a relatively small diameter. The cutouts 161 are shaped like a missing circle, with the opening width of the entrance narrower than the inner diameter. Here, the reduced diameter section 112b can pass through the entrance of the cutouts 161, but the expanded diameter section 112a cannot, and the expanded diameter section 112a fits into the cutouts 161.

In this case, the movable part 110 is temporarily fixed to the support plate 101 as follows. First, the movable part 110 is lifted slightly, and the reduced diameter part 112b is moved horizontally to insert the reduced diameter part 112b into the opening of the cutout part 161. Then, the movable part 110 is lowered downward, and the expanded diameter part 112a is fitted into the cutout part 161.

When the enlarged diameter portion 112a is fitted into the notch portion 161, it cannot be removed from the notch portion 161 in the horizontal direction. Therefore, in this state, the movable portion 110 is temporarily fixed to the support plate 101, and it is possible to prevent the movable portion 110 from becoming unstable when transporting the survey target device 100.

To release the above-mentioned temporary fixation state, the movable part 110 is lifted slightly, and the enlarged diameter part 112a is removed upward from the cutout part 161. The reduced diameter part 112b is then moved horizontally outward from the entrance of the cutout part 161 (toward the inside of the opening 102), and then the movable part 110 is lowered, and the movable plate 111 is brought into contact with the support plate 101 from above.

The position and number of the cutouts 161 are not limited to those shown in the figure. By machining the entrance of the cutout 161 into a tapered shape, it is possible to more easily fit the support shaft 112.

As described above, FIG. 5 shows a structure in which the support shaft 112 is fixed to the movable plate 111, the support plate 101 is provided with an opening 102 through which the support shaft 112 passes downward, and the inner edge of the opening 102 is provided with a notch 161 into which the support shaft 112 fits. FIG. 5 also shows a structure in which the support shaft 112 has a relatively enlarged diameter portion 112a and a relatively reduced diameter portion 112b, the notch 161 has a relatively narrow entrance and a relatively wide interior, the diameter of the enlarged diameter portion 112a is such that it cannot pass through the entrance from the horizontal direction, and the diameter of the reduced diameter portion 112b is such that it can pass through the entrance from the horizontal direction.

6. Sixth embodiment Another example of a structure that can achieve the same effects as the fifth embodiment will be described. An outline of this embodiment is shown in Figures 6 and 7. In this example, two protrusions 171 and 172 are provided on the lower surface of the movable plate 111 in Figure 1.

On the other hand, recesses 173, 174 into which the protrusions 171, 172 fit are provided on the inner edge of the opening 102 of the support plate 101. The recesses 173, 174 are provided at the longitudinal center of the opening 102.

When the movable part 110 is temporarily fixed to the support plate 101, the movable plate 111 is rotated to fit the protrusions 171, 172 into the recesses 173, 174 (Fig. 7(A)). When the temporary fixation is to be released, the movable plate 111 is rotated from the state shown in Fig. 7(A) to, for example, the state shown in Fig. 7(B). By changing to the state shown in Fig. 7(B), the movable plate 111 can be freely moved in the horizontal direction relative to the support plate 101. The recesses 173, 174 may have a concave cross-sectional shape with a bottom, or may be holes with a bottom.

It is also possible to use a structure in which the protrusions 171, 172 are dropped from above into recesses or holes into which they fit. In this case, unless the movable part 110 (movable plate 111) is lifted once while the protrusions 171, 172 are fitted into the recesses (holes), the movable part plate 111 cannot be removed from the support plate 101, and a stronger temporary fixing structure is obtained.

In actual use, first, in the state shown in FIG. 7(A), that is, with the movable plate 111 temporarily fixed to the support plate 101, the survey target device 100 is moved by hand by holding the support legs 120 in FIG. 1, and roughly aligned. At this time, because the movable plate 111 is temporarily fixed to the support plate 101, the problem of the movable plate 111 moving unintentionally is avoided.

After performing the above rough alignment, the temporary fixation state of the movable plate 111 relative to the support plate 101 is released, and the movable plate 111 is slightly moved to fine-tune the alignment. At this time, the center position of the opening 102 becomes the starting point for the movement of the movable plate 111. By using the center position of the opening 102 as the starting point for the movement of the movable plate 111, the movement of the movable plate 111 can be started from an unbiased position when moving within the X-Y plane.

As described above, FIG. 6 shows the support shaft 112, the opening 102 through which the support shaft 112 passes downward, the protrusions 171 and 172 provided on the underside of the movable plate 111, and the recesses (or holes) 173 and 174 provided on the inner edge of the opening 102 into which the protrusions 171 and 172 fit.

7. Seventh embodiment Another example that obtains the same effect as the fifth embodiment will be described. An outline of this embodiment is shown in FIG. 8. In this example, an elliptical stopper 175, which is an example of a longitudinal member, is provided on the lower surface of the movable plate 111 in FIG. 1. The elliptical stopper 175 is made of an elastically deformable material, or has a structure in which the outer edge is covered with a soft material (e.g., rubber). The dimension of the ellipse in the major axis direction is slightly larger than the dimension of the opening 102 in the short side direction.

By rotating the movable plate 111 and tensioning the long axis direction of the elliptical stopper 175 against the inside of the short side direction of the opening 102, the movable plate 111 (movable part 110) is temporarily fixed to the support plate 101 (state shown in Figure 8 (B)).

To release the temporary fixation, the movable plate 111 is rotated and the long axis direction of the elliptical stopper 175 is shifted away from the short side direction of the opening 102, thereby releasing the tensioned state and allowing the movable plate 111 to be moved relative to the support plate 101 (the state shown in FIG. 8(C)).

As described above, FIG. 8 shows a structure including an elliptical stopper 175, which is a longitudinal member fixed to the lower part of the movable plate 111, and an opening 102 having a longitudinal shape (rectangle) provided in the support plate 101, where the elliptical stopper 175 and the opening 102 overlap when viewed horizontally, and the longitudinal length of the elliptical stopper 175 (length in the long axis direction of the ellipse) is smaller than the dimension in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the opening 102 (the direction of the short side of the rectangular opening). A rectangular member with rounded corners or a rod-shaped member can also be used as the longitudinal member.

8. Eighth embodiment Another example of a structure that can obtain the same effects as those of the fifth embodiment will be described. In this embodiment, the movable part 110 is temporarily fixed to the support plate 101 by the magnetic force of a magnet. An outline of this embodiment is shown in FIG.

In this example, magnets (permanent magnets) 176 are placed on the underside of the support plate 101. In FIG. 9, a pair of magnets 176 are embedded and fixed to the underside of the support plate 101. It is also possible to fix the magnets 176 without embedding them. Also, the number of magnets 176 is not limited to two.

A magnetic plate 177, which is a disk made of a ferromagnetic material, is fixed to the support shaft 112 at a position spaced downward from the movable plate 111. A material that is easily attracted to a magnet, such as iron, is selected as the material for the magnetic plate 177. The shape of the magnetic plate 117 may be a ring shape or a longitudinal shape.

Figure 9 (A) shows the state in which the movable plate 111 is placed on the support plate 101. In this state, the magnetic plate 117 is separated from the magnet 176 in the vertical direction. Also in this state, as in the case of Figure 1, the movable plate 111 can be slid on the support plate 101 and moved freely in the horizontal direction.

The movable part 110 (movable plate 111) can be temporarily fixed to the support plate 101 as follows. First, from the state shown in FIG. 9(A), the upper part of the support shaft 112 is pinched with the fingers and lifted up. Then, the magnetic plate 177 is brought into contact with the magnet 176 from below. As a result, the magnetic plate 177 is magnetically attracted to the magnet 176, resulting in the state shown in FIG. 9(B), where the movable part 110 (movable plate 111) is temporarily fixed to the support plate 101.

To release the above-mentioned temporary fixation state, from the state shown in FIG. 9(B), the support shaft 112 is pushed down by hand to separate the magnetic plate 177 and the magnet 176 in the vertical direction. As a result, the state shown in FIG. 9(A) is reached, and the movable plate 111 can be slid relative to the support plate 101 and moved freely in the horizontal direction.

As shown in FIG. 10, by providing a pair of magnets 176 near the center of the rectangular opening 102, the movable part 110 can be temporarily fixed near the center of the support plate 101.

As described above, FIG. 9 shows a structure in which a magnet 176 is disposed under the support plate 101, a magnetic plate 177 is fixed to the movable plate 111 at a position spaced downward, and the movable plate 111 is moved upward and the magnetic plate 177 is magnetically fixed to the magnet 176, thereby fixing the movable plate 111 to the support plate 101.

9. Ninth embodiment An overview of this embodiment is shown in Fig. 11. In this example, a ring-shaped support part 191 having an opening 192 is provided, and a ring-shaped annular movable part 181 is placed on the support part 191 in a slidable state. The support part 191 is supported by a support leg (not shown) such as a tripod. The annular movable part 181 has a longitudinal (rectangular) opening 181a, and is axially supported by the support part 191 at one end 182 of the longitudinal shape, so that the annular movable part 181 can rotate about the opening 181a.

A slider 183 is placed on the top of the annular movable part 181 with its upper body capable of sliding. The slider 183 is shaped so that it will not fall down through the opening 181a. A support shaft 112 is fixed to the slider 183, and the lower part of the support shaft 112 passes downward through the opening 181a of the annular movable part 181 and the opening 192 of the support part 190, and extends further downward. As in the case of FIG. 1, a reflecting prism 114 and a laser pointer 115 are attached to the lower part of the support shaft 112 via a universal joint 113.

In this example, the annular movable part 181 and slider 183 are moved by hand to change the position of the support shaft 112. The annular movable part 181 can rotate like a swinging head, with the part indicated by the reference symbol 182 as the center of rotation. The slider 183 can also move linearly along the longitudinal direction of the annular movable part 181. By combining these two types of movement, the position of the support shaft 112 within the range of the opening 192 (in this case, a circular range) can be adjusted.

As described above, FIG. 11 shows a structure including a support part 190 having an opening 192 that opens up and down, an annular movable part 181 that is a movable member having an opening 181a that opens up and down and can rotate around a position 182 that is off-center on the support part 190, a slider 183 that can move over the opening 181a in the annular movable part 181 while contacting the annular movable part 181, and a support shaft 112 that is held by the slider 183 and extends downward from the opening 108a.

It is also possible to have a structure in which the annular movable part 181 rotates around the center of the opening 192. In this case, a circular convex part (rail) is provided on the upper surface of the annular support part 191, and a concave part is arranged at a position on the annular movable part 181 corresponding to the rail, so that the annular movable part 181 can rotate around the center of the opening 192. Here, it is also possible to reverse the relationship between the convex part and the concave part.

10. Tenth embodiment A structure for holding a reflecting prism and a laser pointer using a support structure in which a plurality of arms are connected by joints is also possible. Fig. 12 shows a surveying target device 200. The surveying target device 200 has a vertical arm 201 that constitutes a part of a support leg on the ground or floor surface, a movable arm 203 connected to the vertical arm 201 by a joint 202, and a reflecting prism 205 and a laser pointer 206 suspended from the tip of the movable arm 203 via a universal joint 204.

The upper part of the vertical arm 201 is a horizontal rotation part 201a that can rotate horizontally, and a joint part 202 is attached to this horizontal rotation part 201a. The joint part 202 holds the movable arm 203 in a state in which it can rotate in the elevation angle direction and depression angle direction. The reflecting prism 205 is positioned by rotating the movable arm 203 in a vertical plane (up and down) while rotating the horizontal rotation part 201a horizontally.

The structure of the joint unit 202 may be, for example, one that uses a ball or an axis. The joint unit 202 is provided with a clamp mechanism that fixes the movable state, and can fix the state of the movable arm 203 after moving the movable arm 203. The number of joints is not limited to one, and may be two or more.

It is also possible to use a configuration in which the movement of the movable arm 203 is controlled by gas pressure or spring force. These are used in the structure of arms that hold LCD monitors and lighting equipment. A ball head can also be used as the joint. Figure 13 shows an example in which a ball head 207 is used. In this case, the arm 203 can be oriented in any direction, thereby adjusting the position of the reflecting prism 205.

It is also possible to use a movable arm 203 to support the support plate 101 in FIG. 1. In this case, the position of the reflecting prism 114 is roughly adjusted by moving the movable arm 203, and the position of the reflecting prism 111 is finely adjusted by moving the movable plate 111. The use of the movable arm 203 can also be applied to other embodiments.

11. Eleventh embodiment Hereinafter, a modified example of the movable plate 111 in the first embodiment will be described, which is provided with a fine movement mechanism for the support shaft 112 held by the movable plate 111. Fig. 14 shows top views (A) and (B) and a side view (C) of a movable plate 301 used in place of the movable plate 111 in Fig. 1.

In this example, a structure is described in which a fine movement mechanism using the principle of leverage (power multiplier mechanism) is used to finely move the support shaft 112. Although not shown in FIG. 14, a reflecting prism 114 and a laser pointer 115 are suspended and held via a universal joint 113 at the bottom of the support shaft 112, as in FIG. 1. Of course, this embodiment can also be applied to a structure equipped with an upward-facing laser pointer, as exemplified in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4.

Figure 14 shows a movable plate 301. The movable plate 301 has a circular plate shape. The movable plate 301 has a slit 302 (a long hole with a longitudinal opening) that passes through the center of the circle, and a slit 303 that is parallel to the slit 302 and has a similar structure.

Slit 302 is an example of a guide structure that restricts (restrains) the support shaft 112 to movement along a specific path. Slit 303 is an example of a guide structure that restricts (restrains) the moving shaft 308 to movement along a specific path.

The support shaft 112 penetrates the slit 302 from above and below (the direction of the Z axis: the direction perpendicular to the XY plane) while being restricted to movement only in the extension direction (longitudinal direction) of the slit 302. With this structure, the support shaft 112 can only move in the direction along the extension direction of the slit 302.

A slider 304 is fixed to the support shaft 112 for suspending the support shaft 112 from the movable plate 301 in a movable state. The lower surface of the slider 304 is in slidable contact with the upper surface of the movable plate 301.

A rotating member 305 having a longitudinal shape that can rotate around a shaft 306 is engaged with the support shaft 112. A longitudinal slit 307 is provided in the rotating member 305, and the support shaft 112 passes through the slit 307 in the vertical direction (Z-axis direction) while being movable within the slit 307 in the longitudinal direction of the slit 307. The slit 307 is an elongated hole with a longitudinal opening, and constitutes a guide mechanism that restricts (constrains) the movement of the support shaft 112 within the X-Y plane only to the longitudinal direction of the rotating member 305 (direction away from the rotation center).

The moving shaft 308 penetrates the slit 303 from top to bottom (Z-axis direction) while being able to move in the longitudinal direction of the slit 303. The movement of the moving shaft 308 in the X-Y plane is only allowed along the extension direction of the slit 303. The moving shaft 308 also penetrates the slit 307 from top to bottom while being able to move along the longitudinal direction of the rotating member 305. When the moving shaft 308 is moved within the slit 303, the rotating member 305 follows the movement and rotates around the shaft 306 in the direction of the circular arrow in Figure 14 (B)

Sliders 309a and 309b are fixed to the moving shaft 308. Slider 309a is in slidable contact with the upper surface of the rotating member 305. Slider 309b is in slidable contact with the lower surface of the movable plate 301.

The shaft 306 is fixed to the movable plate 301 and supports the rotating member 305 in a rotatable state. The rotating member 305 extends from the position of the shaft 306, which is the center of rotation, in the direction of the slit 302 and further extends to a position beyond the slit 303.

The rotating member 305 forms a lever with the position of the shaft 306 as the fulcrum, the position of the support shaft 112 as the point of action, and the position of the moving shaft 308 as the point of force. When the moving shaft 308 is moved in the extension direction of the slit 303, the rotating member 305 rotates around the shaft 306, and the support shaft 112, which is restrained by the slits 302 and 307, moves in the extension direction of the slit 302.

For example, when the moving axis 308 is moved in the positive direction of the Y axis in the state shown in FIG. 14(B), the support axis 112 also moves in the positive direction of the Y axis, eventually transitioning to the state shown in FIG. 14(A). At this time, due to the principle of leverage, the movement distance of the support axis 112 is shorter than the movement distance of the moving axis 308. In other words, the linear movement of the moving axis 308 is converted into the linear movement of the support axis 112 in a scaled state. This makes it easy to fine-tune the position of the support axis 112.

In actual work, for example, first the movable plate 301 is moved by hand to roughly adjust the horizontal position of the reflecting prism 114 (see FIG. 1) suspended from the support shaft 112 (Adjustment 1). Next, the movable plate 301 is rotated to determine the direction of fine adjustment (Adjustment 2). Finally, the position of the reflecting prism 114 is finely adjusted by moving the moving shaft 308 along the slit 303 (Adjustment 3). Here, by repeating Adjustments 2 and 3, the reflecting prism 114 can be positioned with high precision.

Here, the case where the slits 302, 303 extend linearly has been described, but they can also extend in an arc or curved line. A structure in which the movement path of the support shaft 112 does not pass through the center of the movable plate 301 is also possible. For example, in the case of FIG. 14, a structure in which the position of the support shaft 112 is brought even closer to the shaft 306 is also possible. In this case, the scale ratio of the fine movement (amount of movement of the moving shaft 308:amount of movement of the support shaft 112) can be further increased. However, in this case, the movable range of the support shaft 112 is narrowed.

The movable plate 301 does not have to be circular. Functions similar to those of the slits 302, 303, and 307 can also be achieved by a guide structure such as a convex rail or a concave rail.

Figures 15 (A) and (B) are modified versions of Figure 14. In the case of Figure 15 (A), a lever is formed in which the position of the shaft 306 is the fulcrum, the position of the support shaft 112 is the point of application, and the tip 305a of the rotating member 305 is the point of force. In this case, the rotating member 305 serves as a manual lever, and by moving the tip 305a, the support shaft 112 moves along the longitudinal direction of the slit 302. In this case as well, the support shaft 112 moves along the extension direction of the slit 302 with the movement of the tip 305a of the rotating member 305 scaled down, so the position of the support shaft 112 can be adjusted more precisely.

In the case of FIG. 15(B), a lever is formed in which the position of the shaft 306 is the fulcrum, the position of the support shaft 112 is the point of application, and the other end 305b of the rotating member 305 is the point of force. In this case, the rotating member 305 serves as a manual lever, and by moving the other end 305b, the support shaft 112 moves along the longitudinal direction of the slit 302. In this case as well, the support shaft 112 moves along the extension direction of the slit 302 with the movement of the other end 305b of the rotating member 305 scaled down, so the position of the support shaft 112 can be adjusted more precisely.

14 and 15 show a movable member (e.g., movable plate 301), a rotating member (rotating member 305) having an elongated shape that can rotate on the movable member, and a member that supports a reflecting prism 114 (see FIG. 1) and a laser pointer 115, and includes an optical system support member (support shaft 112) engaged with the rotating member in a state in which it can move in a direction away from (and toward) the center of rotation (position of reference symbol 306) of the rotating member (rotating member 305), and the movable member (movable plate 301) is provided with a movement restriction structure (guide structure formed by slit 302) that restricts the movement of the optical system support member (support shaft 112) to a specific direction (extension direction of slit 302), and the optical system support member (support shaft 112) in the rotating member (rotating member 305 ...). A lever is formed with the center of rotation (position 306) as the fulcrum, the engaged position (position 112) as the point of application, and the end (moving axis 308, ends 305a, 305b) in the longitudinal direction of the rotating member (rotating member 305) as the point of force, and the distance between the fulcrum (position 306) and the force point (position of moving axis 308, ends 305a, 305b) is greater than the distance between the fulcrum (position 306) and the force point (position of moving axis 308, ends 305a, 305b), and by moving the force point (position of moving axis 308, ends 305a, 305b), the optical system support member (support axis 112) moves in a specific direction (extension direction of slit 302) relative to the movable member (movable plate 301).

12. Others Two or more of the above-described embodiments may be combined. Also, some of the above-described embodiments may be combined. The opening 102 does not have to be closed. For example, in FIG. 1, a structure in which the opening 102 is open in the positive X direction at the end portion in the X direction of the support plate 101 is possible. In this case, the support plate 101 has a bifurcated fork shape, and the space between the tines of the bifurcated fork becomes the opening 102. The fact that the opening does not have to be closed is the same in the other embodiments.

It is also possible to have a structure in which the reflecting prism 114 is positioned above the movable plate 111. For example, in the structure of Figures 3 and 4, the reflecting prism 114 is attached to the top of the arm 131 or above the support shaft 112. If the weight is insufficient for the universal joint 113 or gimbal mechanism 142 to operate, a weight is added to the bottom of the support shaft 112.

100: Survey target device, 101: Support plate, 102: Opening, 110: Movable part, 111: Movable plate, 112: Support shaft, 112a: Expanded part, 112b: Reduced part, 113: Universal joint, 114: Reflecting prism, 115: Laser pointer, 116: Optical system, 111': Movable plate, 121: Base movable plate, 121a: Opening, 122a: Opening, 122: Eccentric plate, 123: Eccentric plate, 131: Arm, 131a: Horizontal extension, 131b: Vertical extension 131b, 131c: Horizontal extension, 132: Opening, 133: Laser pointer, 141: Opening, 142: Gimbal mechanism, 161: Notch, 171: Protrusion, 172: Protrusion , 173...depression, 174...depression, 175...elliptical stopper, 176...magnet, 177...magnetic plate, 181...annular movable part, 181a...opening, 182...position rotatably supported on an axis, 183...slider, 190...support part, 200...survey target device, 201...vertical arm, 201a...horizontally rotating part, 202...joint part, 203...movable arm, 204...universal joint, 205...reflecting prism, 205...reflecting prism, 206...laser pointer, 301...movable plate, 302...slit, 303...slit, 304...slider, 305...rotating member 306...axis, 307...slit, 308...moving axis, 309a...slider, 309b...slider.

Claims (12)

A support portion;
a movable member placed on the support and capable of freely moving by sliding in a horizontal direction;
an optical section including a retroreflector and a laser pointer;
a connecting member that connects the movable member and the optical portion,
the connecting member connects the movable member and the optical unit in a state where the direction of the optical axis of the laser pointer is maintained in a vertical direction ,
A surveying target device capable of rotating the connecting member in an eccentric state relative to the movable member . A support portion;
a movable member placed on the support and capable of freely moving by sliding in a horizontal direction;
an optical section including a retroreflector and a laser pointer;
a connecting member that connects the movable member and the optical portion;
Equipped with
the connecting member connects the movable member and the optical unit in a state where the direction of the optical axis of the laser pointer is maintained in a vertical direction ,
The laser pointer irradiates a laser point light in a vertically downward direction,
the connecting member is a universal joint,
The movable member and the optical portion are connected by the universal joint ,
an extension member that detours horizontally from the optical portion and reaches above the movable member;
and another laser pointer fixed to the extension member and emitting a laser point light coaxially and upwardly to the laser pointer. A support portion;
a movable member placed on the support and capable of freely moving by sliding in a horizontal direction;
an optical section including a retroreflector and a laser pointer;
a connecting member that connects the movable member and the optical portion;
Equipped with
the connecting member connects the movable member and the optical unit in a state where the direction of the optical axis of the laser pointer is maintained in a vertical direction,
The laser pointer irradiates a laser point light in a vertically downward direction,
The connecting member is a gimbal mechanism having two axes perpendicular to each other,
a vertical support member that vertically supports the optical unit from above is supported by the gimbal mechanism;
and another laser pointer fixed to the vertical support member and emitting a laser point light in an upward direction coaxially with the laser pointer. A support portion;
a movable member placed on the support and capable of freely moving by sliding in a horizontal direction;
an optical section including a retroreflector and a laser pointer;
a connecting member that connects the movable member and the optical portion;
Equipped with
the connecting member connects the movable member and the optical unit in a state where the direction of the optical axis of the laser pointer is maintained in a vertical direction,
the connecting member is a universal joint,
The movable member holds a support shaft that supports the universal joint from above,
The support portion is provided with an opening through which the support shaft passes downward,
A surveying target device in which a notch into which the support shaft fits is provided on the inner edge of the opening. The support shaft has an enlarged diameter portion having a relatively enlarged diameter and a reduced diameter portion having a relatively reduced diameter,
The cutout portion has a shape in which the entrance is relatively narrow and the inside is relatively wide,
The diameter of the expanded diameter portion is such that the inlet cannot pass through the expanded diameter portion from the horizontal direction,
5. The survey target device according to claim 4 , wherein the diameter of said reduced diameter portion is dimensioned to allow said device to pass through said entrance from a horizontal direction. A support portion;
a movable member placed on the support and capable of freely moving by sliding in a horizontal direction;
an optical section including a retroreflector and a laser pointer;
a connecting member that connects the movable member and the optical portion;
Equipped with
the connecting member connects the movable member and the optical unit in a state where the direction of the optical axis of the laser pointer is maintained in a vertical direction,
The support portion is provided with an opening,
A protrusion is provided on the lower surface of the movable member,
A surveying target device in which an inner edge of the opening has a recess or hole into which the protrusion fits. A support portion;
a movable member placed on the support and capable of freely moving by sliding in a horizontal direction;
an optical section including a retroreflector and a laser pointer;
a connecting member that connects the movable member and the optical portion;
Equipped with
the connecting member connects the movable member and the optical unit in a state where the direction of the optical axis of the laser pointer is maintained in a vertical direction,
A longitudinal member is fixed to the lower portion of the movable member,
The support portion is provided with an opening having a longitudinal shape penetrating vertically ,
When viewed in a horizontal direction, the elongated member is located at a position overlapping the opening,
A surveying target device in which the longitudinal length of the elongated member is greater than the dimension of the opening in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. A support portion;
a movable member placed on the support and capable of freely moving by sliding in a horizontal direction;
an optical section including a retroreflector and a laser pointer;
a connecting member that connects the movable member and the optical portion;
Equipped with
the connecting member connects the movable member and the optical unit in a state where the direction of the optical axis of the laser pointer is maintained in a vertical direction,
A magnet is disposed under the support portion,
A magnetic member is fixed to the movable member at a spaced downward position,
A surveying target device in which the movable member can be fixed to the support portion by moving the movable member upward and magnetically fixing the magnetic member to the magnet. A support portion;
a movable member placed on the support and capable of freely moving by sliding in a horizontal direction;
an optical section including a retroreflector and a laser pointer;
a connecting member that connects the movable member and the optical portion;
Equipped with
the connecting member connects the movable member and the optical unit in a state where the direction of the optical axis of the laser pointer is maintained in a vertical direction,
a rotating member rotatable on the movable member;
an optical support member that holds the optical portion and is engaged with the rotating member in a state in which the optical support member is movable in a direction away from a rotation center of the rotating member;
the movable member is provided with a movement restriction structure that restricts the movement of the optical part support member to a specific direction,
A lever is formed with the rotation center of the rotating member as a fulcrum, the engaged position as a point of application, and a specific part of the rotating member as a point of force ,
a distance between the fulcrum and the point of application is greater than a distance between the fulcrum and the point of application,
A surveying target device in which, by moving the point of force, the optical unit support member moves in a specific direction relative to the movable member. A support portion;
A movable member that can rotate on the support and has an opening that can be opened upward and downward;
a slider movable over the opening in the movable member while in contact with the movable member;
a support shaft held by the slider and extending downward from the opening;
A retroreflector and a laser pointer are suspended and held on the support shaft via a connecting member ,
The connecting member connects the support shaft to the retroreflector and the laser pointer while maintaining the direction of the optical axis of the laser pointer in a vertical direction. A first support portion;
a first rotating unit capable of horizontally rotating with respect to the first support unit;
a second rotating unit capable of horizontally rotating with respect to the first rotating unit around a position other than the rotation center of the first rotating unit;
a second support portion held at a position other than the rotation center of the second rotating portion;
A retroreflector and a laser pointer are suspended and held on the second support portion via a connecting member ,
The connecting member connects the second support portion to the retroreflector and the laser pointer while maintaining the direction of the optical axis of the laser pointer in a vertical direction. A support portion;
an arm connected to the support via a joint and capable of horizontal rotation and vertical rotation;
A retroreflector and a laser pointer are suspended and held on the arm via a connecting member ,
The connecting member connects the arm to the retroreflector and the laser pointer while maintaining the direction of the optical axis of the laser pointer in a vertical direction.

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