JP7659969B2 - Method for preventing micro-exfoliation of precast concrete products, device for preventing micro-exfoliation of precast concrete products, and method for manufacturing precast concrete products - Google Patents
Method for preventing micro-exfoliation of precast concrete products, device for preventing micro-exfoliation of precast concrete products, and method for manufacturing precast concrete products Download PDFInfo
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- Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)
Description
本発明は、プレキャストコンクリート製品の微小剥離抑制方法、該方法を用いたプレキャストコンクリート製品の微小剥離抑制装置、及び、前記プレキャストコンクリート製品の製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for preventing micro-exfoliation of precast concrete products, a device for preventing micro-exfoliation of precast concrete products using the method, and a method for manufacturing the precast concrete products.
近年、美観及び景観の観点から、プレキャストコンクリート製品の外観に関心が高まる傾向にある。特に、プレキャストコンクリート製品では、現場打ちのコンクリートにおいては問題とならないような表面の微小剥離が問題視されている。 In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the appearance of precast concrete products from the perspective of aesthetics and scenery. In particular, micro-peeling on the surface of precast concrete products is a problem that is not an issue with cast-in-place concrete.
プレキャストコンクリート製品は、所定の強度を確保するため、成形後に養生が行われる。養生は、製品成形後から脱型するまでの養生（以下、「一次養生」と記す）と、脱型後の養生（以下、「二次養生」と記す）とに分かれる。一次養生は、型枠を脱型する際、プレキャストコンクリート製品に欠け、剥離等を生じさせないよう、必要な強度を確保するために行われる。一方、二次養生は、脱型後にプレキャストコンクリート製品の設計強度を確保するために行われる。 Precast concrete products are cured after they are formed to ensure a specified strength. Curing is divided into curing from when the product is formed until it is removed from the form (hereafter referred to as "primary curing"), and curing after it is removed from the form (hereafter referred to as "secondary curing"). Primary curing is carried out to ensure the necessary strength so that the precast concrete product does not chip or peel when the formwork is removed. On the other hand, secondary curing is carried out to ensure the design strength of the precast concrete product after it is removed from the formwork.
プレキャストコンクリート製品において、二次養生は、屋内保管場所の制約から、通常、脱型後（一次養生後）直ぐに屋外の保管場所で暴露することにより行う。二次養生期間を経過したプレキャストコンクリート製品は、すぐに出荷可能となるが、すぐに出荷されない場合は、出荷されるまでの間、二次養生期間中のプレキャストコンクリート製品と分離して屋外保管場所に継続して保管される。ところが、特に寒冷地では、春期から秋期に製造されて屋外で保管されているプレキャストコンクリート製品が冬期に凍結融解の繰り返し作用を受けることで、製品表面に微小剥離が発生することが問題となっている。 Due to restrictions on indoor storage space, secondary curing of precast concrete products is usually carried out by exposing them to outdoor storage immediately after demolding (after primary curing). Precast concrete products that have completed the secondary curing period can be shipped immediately, but if they are not shipped immediately, they are kept in outdoor storage until they are shipped, separated from precast concrete products undergoing secondary curing. However, particularly in cold regions, precast concrete products that are manufactured from spring to autumn and stored outdoors are subject to repeated freezing and thawing in winter, causing micro-peeling on the product surface, which is a problem.
このような微小剥離の発生を抑制するためには、雨や雪によるプレキャストコンクリート製品への水分供給を遮断する必要がある。そのため、従来、製品が出荷されるまでの間、屋内で保管する、屋外保管場所に屋根を設置する、プレキャストコンクリート製品をシートで覆う等の対策が行われている。 To prevent the occurrence of such micro-flaking, it is necessary to block the supply of moisture to precast concrete products caused by rain or snow. Conventionally, measures taken to prevent this include storing the products indoors until they are shipped, installing roofs over outdoor storage areas, and covering precast concrete products with sheets.
しかしながら、これらの対策では、屋内保管場所の制約、屋根の設置費用、作業の手間等の問題から、プレキャストコンクリート製品への水分供給を充分に遮断することが困難であり、多くの製品表面において微小剥離が発生しているのが現状である。また、従来、型枠には、脱型を容易にする観点から離型剤が塗布される。この離型剤が脱型後の製品表面に多量に付着することで、製品表面における微小剥離が発生すると考えられている。しかしながら、型枠への離型剤の塗布量を厳密に管理することは難しいため、製品表面に付着する離型剤の付着量を制御することは困難である。そのため、保管場所の環境や型枠への離型剤の塗布量によらず、製品表面の微小剥離を抑制したいという要望がある。 However, these measures have difficulty in fully blocking the supply of moisture to precast concrete products due to issues such as restrictions on indoor storage space, the cost of installing a roof, and the labor required for the work, and the current situation is that micro-peeling occurs on the surface of many products. Furthermore, a release agent has traditionally been applied to formwork to make demolding easier. It is believed that micro-peeling occurs on the product surface when a large amount of this release agent adheres to the product surface after demolding. However, since it is difficult to strictly manage the amount of release agent applied to the formwork, it is difficult to control the amount of release agent that adheres to the product surface. Therefore, there is a demand for suppressing micro-peeling on the product surface regardless of the storage environment or the amount of release agent applied to the formwork.
本発明は、このような事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、製品表面の微小剥離を抑制することが可能なプレキャストコンクリート製品の微小剥離抑制方法、該方法を用いたプレキャストコンクリート製品の微小剥離抑制装置、及び、前記プレキャストコンクリート製品の製造方法を提供することを課題とする。 The present invention was made in consideration of these circumstances, and aims to provide a method for suppressing micro-peeling of precast concrete products that can suppress micro-peeling on the product surface, an apparatus for suppressing micro-peeling of precast concrete products using said method, and a method for manufacturing said precast concrete products.
本発明に係るプレキャストコンクリート製品の微小剥離抑制方法は、プレキャストコンクリート製品の微小剥離を抑制する方法であって、コンクリート材料を型枠に打設後、脱型して屋外に暴露するまでの暴露時積算温度を、暴露環境温度に応じて下記条件（１）～（３）を満たすように制御する。
（１）暴露環境温度が２０℃以下の場合、暴露時積算温度を４８０℃・ｈ以上
（２）暴露環境温度が２０℃を超えて４０℃以下の場合、暴露時積算温度を８４０℃・ｈ以上
（３）暴露環境温度が４０℃を超えて６０℃以下の場合、暴露時積算温度を１１８０℃・ｈ以上
The method for suppressing micro-peeling of precast concrete products according to the present invention is a method for suppressing micro-peeling of precast concrete products, in which the accumulated temperature during exposure from when the concrete material is poured into a formwork to when it is removed from the formwork and exposed to the outdoors is controlled so as to satisfy the following conditions (1) to (3) according to the exposure environmental temperature.
(1) If the exposure environment temperature is 20°C or less, the cumulative exposure temperature is 480°C/h or more. (2) If the exposure environment temperature is greater than 20°C and less than 40°C, the cumulative exposure temperature is 840°C/h or more. (3) If the exposure environment temperature is greater than 40°C and less than 60°C, the cumulative exposure temperature is 1180°C/h or more.
前記プレキャストコンクリート製品の微小剥離抑制方法は、斯かる構成により、該製品表面の微小剥離を抑制することができる。 The method for suppressing micro-peeling of precast concrete products can suppress micro-peeling on the surface of the product by using this configuration.
本発明に係るプレキャストコンクリート製品の微小剥離抑制装置は、プレキャストコンクリート製品の微小剥離を抑制する装置であって、コンクリート材料を型枠に打設後、脱型して屋外に暴露するまでの暴露時積算温度を、暴露環境温度に応じて下記条件（１）～（３）を満たすように制御する制御手段を備える。
（１）暴露環境温度が２０℃以下の場合、暴露時積算温度を４８０℃・ｈ以上
（２）暴露環境温度が２０℃を超えて４０℃以下の場合、暴露時積算温度を８４０℃・ｈ以上
（３）暴露環境温度が４０℃を超えて６０℃以下の場合、暴露時積算温度を１１８０℃・ｈ以上
The device for suppressing micro-exfoliation of precast concrete products according to the present invention is a device for suppressing micro-exfoliation of precast concrete products, and is equipped with a control means for controlling the accumulated temperature during exposure from when the concrete material is poured into a formwork to when it is removed from the formwork and exposed to the outdoors, so as to satisfy the following conditions (1) to (3) in accordance with the exposure environmental temperature.
(1) If the exposure environment temperature is 20°C or less, the cumulative exposure temperature is 480°C/h or more. (2) If the exposure environment temperature is greater than 20°C and less than 40°C, the cumulative exposure temperature is 840°C/h or more. (3) If the exposure environment temperature is greater than 40°C and less than 60°C, the cumulative exposure temperature is 1180°C/h or more.
前記プレキャストコンクリート製品の微小剥離抑制装置は、斯かる構成により、該製品表面の微小剥離を抑制したプレキャストコンクリート製品を得ることができる。 The precast concrete product micro-peeling prevention device has such a configuration that it is possible to obtain a precast concrete product in which micro-peeling on the product surface is suppressed.
本発明に係るプレキャストコンクリート製品の製造方法は、プレキャストコンクリート製品を製造する方法であって、コンクリート材料を型枠に打設する工程と、打設後、脱型して屋外に暴露する工程と、を含み、打設後、脱型して屋外に暴露するまでの暴露時積算温度が、暴露環境温度に応じて下記条件（１）～（３）を満たす。
（１）暴露環境温度が２０℃以下の場合、暴露時積算温度を４８０℃・ｈ以上
（２）暴露環境温度が２０℃を超えて４０℃以下の場合、暴露時積算温度を８４０℃・ｈ以上
（３）暴露環境温度が４０℃を超えて６０℃以下の場合、暴露時積算温度を１１８０℃・ｈ以上
The method for manufacturing a precast concrete product according to the present invention is a method for manufacturing a precast concrete product, and includes the steps of pouring concrete material into a formwork and, after pouring, removing the concrete material from the formwork and exposing it to the outdoors, and the accumulated temperature during exposure from pouring to removing the concrete material from the formwork and exposing it to the outdoors satisfies the following conditions (1) to (3) depending on the exposure environment temperature.
(1) If the exposure environment temperature is 20°C or less, the cumulative exposure temperature is 480°C/h or more. (2) If the exposure environment temperature is greater than 20°C and less than 40°C, the cumulative exposure temperature is 840°C/h or more. (3) If the exposure environment temperature is greater than 40°C and less than 60°C, the cumulative exposure temperature is 1180°C/h or more.
前記プレキャストコンクリート製品の製造方法は、斯かる構成により、該製品表面の微小剥離を抑制したプレキャストコンクリート製品を得ることができる。 The manufacturing method for precast concrete products described above can produce precast concrete products that suppress micro-peeling on the product surface.
本発明によれば、プレキャストコンクリート製品表面の微小剥離を抑制することが可能なプレキャストコンクリート製品の微小剥離抑制方法、該方法を用いたプレキャストコンクリート製品の微小剥離抑制装置、及び、前記プレキャストコンクリート製品の製造方法を提供することができる。 The present invention provides a method for suppressing micro-peeling of precast concrete products that can suppress micro-peeling on the surface of precast concrete products, a device for suppressing micro-peeling of precast concrete products using the method, and a method for manufacturing the precast concrete products.
以下、本実施形態に係るプレキャストコンクリート製品の微小剥離抑制方法、プレキャストコンクリート製品の微小剥離抑制装置、及び、プレキャストコンクリート製品の製造方法について説明する。 The following describes the method for suppressing micro-peeling of precast concrete products, the device for suppressing micro-peeling of precast concrete products, and the manufacturing method for precast concrete products according to this embodiment.
＜プレキャストコンクリート製品の微小剥離抑制方法＞
本実施形態に係るプレキャストコンクリート製品の微小剥離抑制方法は、コンクリート材料を型枠に打設後、脱型して屋外に暴露するまでの暴露時積算温度を、暴露環境温度に応じて下記条件（１）～（３）を満たすように制御する。
（１）暴露環境温度が２０℃以下の場合、暴露時積算温度を４８０℃・ｈ以上
（２）暴露環境温度が２０℃を超えて４０℃以下の場合、暴露時積算温度を８４０℃・ｈ以上
（３）暴露環境温度が４０℃を超えて６０℃以下の場合、暴露時積算温度を１１８０℃・ｈ以上
<Method for preventing micro-peeling of precast concrete products>
The method for suppressing micro-peelling of precast concrete products according to this embodiment controls the accumulated temperature during exposure from when the concrete material is poured into a formwork until it is removed from the formwork and exposed to the outdoors so as to satisfy the following conditions (1) to (3) according to the exposure environmental temperature.
(1) If the exposure environment temperature is 20°C or less, the cumulative exposure temperature is 480°C/h or more. (2) If the exposure environment temperature is greater than 20°C and less than 40°C, the cumulative exposure temperature is 840°C/h or more. (3) If the exposure environment temperature is greater than 40°C and less than 60°C, the cumulative exposure temperature is 1180°C/h or more.
ここで、暴露時積算温度とは、コンクリート材料を型枠に打設後、脱型して屋外に暴露するまでの積算温度であって、下記（ｉ）式で示される打設されたコンクリートの表面温度と時間との積の積算値をいう。 Here, the accumulated temperature during exposure refers to the accumulated temperature from when the concrete material is poured into the formwork until it is removed from the formwork and exposed to the outdoors, and is the accumulated value of the product of the surface temperature of the poured concrete and time, as shown in the following formula (i).
Ｍ＝Σ（θ・Ｔ） ・・・（ｉ）
Ｍ：積算温度（℃・ｈ）
θ：打設されたコンクリートの表面温度（℃）
Ｔ：時間（ｈ）
M=Σ(θ・T)...(i)
M: Cumulative temperature (℃・h)
θ: Surface temperature of poured concrete (℃)
T: time (h)
打設されたコンクリートの表面温度θは、例えば、型枠内面に取り付けた熱電対により測定することができる。 The surface temperature θ of the poured concrete can be measured, for example, using a thermocouple attached to the inner surface of the formwork.
また、時間Ｔは、１／１２ｈ（すなわち、５ｍｉｎ）以上であることが好ましく、１ｈ以下であることが好ましい。例えば、時間Ｔが１ｈの場合、打設後、１ｈ経過ごとに表面温度θを測定する。そして、測定された表面温度θと時間Ｔ（１ｈ）との積を積算して、積算温度を算出する。 Time T is preferably 1/12h (i.e., 5 min) or more, and is preferably 1h or less. For example, if time T is 1h, the surface temperature θ is measured every 1h after pouring. Then, the product of the measured surface temperature θ and time T (1h) is integrated to calculate the integrated temperature.
暴露環境温度とは、コンクリート材料を型枠に打設後、脱型して屋外に暴露する際のプレキャストコンクリート製品の表面温度である。暴露環境温度の測定は、暴露環境下に予め設置された同一組成のプレキャストコンクリート製品の表面温度を測定することにより行う。なお、一のプレキャストコンクリート製品の表面温度が一様でない場合は、該表面温度の最大値を暴露環境温度とする。プレキャストコンクリート製品の表面温度は、例えば、熱電対温度計、赤外放射温度計等により測定することができる。 The exposure environment temperature is the surface temperature of a precast concrete product when the concrete material is poured into a formwork, removed from the formwork, and exposed to the outdoors. The exposure environment temperature is measured by measuring the surface temperature of precast concrete products of the same composition that have been placed in an exposure environment beforehand. If the surface temperature of a precast concrete product is not uniform, the maximum value of the surface temperatures is taken as the exposure environment temperature. The surface temperature of a precast concrete product can be measured, for example, with a thermocouple thermometer, an infrared radiation thermometer, etc.
本実施形態に係るプレキャストコンクリート製品の微小剥離抑制方法において用いられるコンクリート材料は、セメントと、粗骨材と、細骨材と、水とを含む。なお、コンクリート材料は、粗骨材を含まないモルタル材料であってもよい。 The concrete material used in the method for suppressing micro-peel off of precast concrete products according to this embodiment includes cement, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, and water. The concrete material may be a mortar material that does not include coarse aggregate.
セメント（Ｃ）としては、特に限定されるものではなく、例えば、ＪＩＳ Ｒ ５２１０で規定される普通ポルトランドセメント、早強ポルトランドセメント、超早強ポルトランドセメント、中庸熱ポルトランドセメント、低熱ポルトランドセメント等のポルトランドセメント、ポルトランドセメントにフライアッシュ、高炉スラグ等を混合した混合セメント等を用いることができる。セメントは、１種を単独で用いてもよいし、２種以上を併用してもよい。 The cement (C) is not particularly limited, and examples of the cement that can be used include Portland cements such as ordinary Portland cement, high-early-strength Portland cement, ultra-high-early-strength Portland cement, moderate-heat Portland cement, and low-heat Portland cement as specified in JIS R 5210, and mixed cements obtained by mixing Portland cement with fly ash, blast furnace slag, etc. One type of cement may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
セメントの配合量は、特に限定されるものではなく、例えば、２５０ｋｇ／ｍ３以上４５０ｋｇ／ｍ３以下とすることができる。セメントが２種以上含まれる場合、前記配合量は、セメントの合計配合量である。 The amount of cement to be mixed is not particularly limited, and can be, for example, 250 kg/m 3 or more and 450 kg/m 3 or less. When two or more types of cement are included, the above-mentioned amount is the total amount of cement to be mixed.
水セメント比（Ｗ／Ｃ）は、ワーカビリティー及び耐久性確保の観点から、０．３５以上０．５５以下であることが好ましく、０．４５以上０．５５以下であることがより好ましい。 From the viewpoint of ensuring workability and durability, the water-cement ratio (W/C) is preferably 0.35 or more and 0.55 or less, and more preferably 0.45 or more and 0.55 or less.
粗骨材（Ｇ）としては、特に限定されるものではなく、例えば、川砂利、山砂利、海砂利等の天然骨材、砂岩、硬質石灰岩、玄武岩、安山岩等の砕石等の人工骨材、再生骨材等が挙げられる。粗骨材は、１種を単独で用いてもよいし、２種以上を併用してもよい。 The coarse aggregate (G) is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include natural aggregates such as river gravel, mountain gravel, and sea gravel, artificial aggregates such as crushed stone such as sandstone, hard limestone, basalt, and andesite, and recycled aggregates. One type of coarse aggregate may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
粗骨材の配合量は、特に限定されるものではなく、例えば、７００ｋｇ／ｍ３以上１２００ｋｇ／ｍ３以下とすることができる。粗骨材が２種以上含まれる場合、前記配合量は、粗骨材の合計配合量である。 The amount of the coarse aggregate is not particularly limited, and can be, for example, 700 kg/m3 or more and 1200 kg/m3 or less . When two or more types of coarse aggregate are included, the amount is the total amount of the coarse aggregate.
細骨材（Ｓ）としては、特に限定されるものではなく、例えば、川砂、山砂、海砂、陸砂、天然軽量細骨材（パーライト、ヒル石等）等の天然細骨材；砕砂、人工軽量細骨材、高炉スラグ細骨材等の人工細骨材；副産軽量細骨材等が挙げられる。細骨材は、１種を単独で用いてもよいし、２種以上を併用してもよい。 The fine aggregate (S) is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include natural fine aggregates such as river sand, mountain sand, sea sand, land sand, and natural lightweight fine aggregates (perlite, vermiculite, etc.); artificial fine aggregates such as crushed sand, artificial lightweight fine aggregate, and blast furnace slag fine aggregate; by-product lightweight fine aggregates, etc. One type of fine aggregate may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
細骨材の配合量は、特に限定されるものではなく、例えば、５００ｋｇ／ｍ３以上９００ｋｇ／ｍ３以下とすることができる。細骨材が２種以上含まれる場合、前記配合量は、細骨材の合計配合量である。 The amount of fine aggregate is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 500 kg/m3 or more and 900 kg/m3 or less . When two or more types of fine aggregate are included, the amount is the total amount of the fine aggregate.
水（Ｗ）としては、特に限定されるものではなく、例えば、水道水、工業用水、回収水、地下水、河川水、雨水等を使用することができる。水の配合量は、特に限定されるものではなく、例えば、１４０ｋｇ／ｍ３以上１９０ｋｇ／ｍ３以下とすることができる。 The water (W) is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, tap water, industrial water, recycled water, groundwater, river water, rainwater, etc. The amount of water to be added is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 140 kg/ m3 or more and 190 kg/ m3 or less.
コンクリート材料は、さらに、混和材を含んでいてもよい。混和材としては、例えば、フライアッシュ、シリカフューム、セメントキルンダスト、高炉フューム、高炉水砕スラグ微粉末、高炉除冷スラグ微粉末、転炉スラグ微粉末、半水石膏、膨張材、石灰石微粉末、生石灰微粉末、ドロマイト微粉末等の無機質微粉末、ナトリウム型ベントナイト、カルシウム型ベントナイト、アタパルジャイト、セピオライト、活性白土、酸性白土、アロフェン、イモゴライト、シラス（火山灰）、シラスバルーン、カオリナイト、メタカオリン（焼成粘土）、合成ゼオライト、人造ゼオライト、人工ゼオライト、モルデナイト、クリノプチロライト等の無機物系フィラーが挙げられる。混和材は、１種を単独で用いてもよいし、２種以上を併用してもよい。 The concrete material may further contain an admixture. Examples of the admixture include inorganic fine powders such as fly ash, silica fume, cement kiln dust, blast furnace fume, finely ground granulated blast furnace slag, finely ground cooled blast furnace slag, finely ground converter slag, hemihydrate gypsum, expanding agent, finely ground limestone, finely ground quicklime, and finely ground dolomite, as well as inorganic fillers such as sodium bentonite, calcium bentonite, attapulgite, sepiolite, activated clay, acid clay, allophane, imogolite, shirasu (volcanic ash), shirasu balloons, kaolinite, metakaolin (calcined clay), synthetic zeolite, artificial zeolite, artificial zeolite, mordenite, and clinoptilolite. The admixture may be used alone or in combination of two or more types.
コンクリート材料が混和材としてフライアッシュ（ＦＡ）を含む場合、フライアッシュ置換率（ＦＡ／（ＦＡ＋Ｃ））は、ワーカビリティー及び耐久性確保の観点から、０．１以上０．３以下であることが好ましく、０．１５以上０．２５以下であることがより好ましい。 When the concrete material contains fly ash (FA) as an admixture, the fly ash replacement ratio (FA/(FA+C)) is preferably 0.1 to 0.3, and more preferably 0.15 to 0.25, from the viewpoint of ensuring workability and durability.
コンクリート材料は、さらに、混和剤を含んでいてもよい。混和剤としては、例えば、ＡＥ剤、ＡＥ減水剤、流動化剤、分離低減剤、収縮低減剤等が挙げられる。混和剤は、１種を単独で用いてもよいし、２種以上を併用してもよい。 The concrete material may further contain admixtures. Examples of admixtures include air entraining agents, air entraining water reducing agents, fluidizing agents, separation reducing agents, and shrinkage reducing agents. One type of admixture may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
本実施形態に係るプレキャストコンクリート製品の微小剥離抑制方法は、特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、通常振動締固め方式で製造されるＬ型擁壁、フリューム、平板等のプレキャストコンクリート製品に用いることができる。 The method for suppressing micro-peeling of precast concrete products according to this embodiment is not particularly limited, but can be used, for example, for precast concrete products such as L-shaped retaining walls, flumes, and flat plates that are typically manufactured using the vibration compaction method.
本実施形態に係るプレキャストコンクリート製品の微小剥離抑制方法は、コンクリート材料を型枠に打設後、脱型して屋外に暴露するまでの暴露時積算温度を、暴露環境温度に応じて上記条件（１）～（３）を満たすように制御することにより、該製品表面の微小剥離を抑制することができる。 The method for suppressing micro-peeling of precast concrete products according to this embodiment can suppress micro-peeling on the surface of the product by controlling the accumulated temperature during exposure from when the concrete material is poured into a formwork until it is removed from the formwork and exposed outdoors so as to satisfy the above conditions (1) to (3) according to the exposure environment temperature.
＜プレキャストコンクリート製品の微小剥離抑制装置＞
本実施形態に係るプレキャストコンクリート製品の微小剥離抑制装置は、上述のコンクリート材料を型枠に打設後、脱型して屋外に暴露するまでの暴露時積算温度を、暴露環境温度に応じて下記条件（１）～（３）を満たすように制御する制御手段を備える。
（１）暴露環境温度が２０℃以下の場合、暴露時積算温度を４８０℃・ｈ以上
（２）暴露環境温度が２０℃を超えて４０℃以下の場合、暴露時積算温度を８４０℃・ｈ以上
（３）暴露環境温度が４０℃を超えて６０℃以下の場合、暴露時積算温度を１１８０℃・ｈ以上
<Device for preventing micro-peeling of precast concrete products>
The micro-peeling prevention device for precast concrete products in this embodiment is equipped with a control means that controls the accumulated temperature during exposure from when the above-mentioned concrete material is poured into a formwork to when it is removed from the formwork and exposed to the outdoors, so that the following conditions (1) to (3) are satisfied in accordance with the exposure environmental temperature.
(1) If the exposure environment temperature is 20°C or less, the cumulative exposure temperature is 480°C/h or more. (2) If the exposure environment temperature is greater than 20°C and less than 40°C, the cumulative exposure temperature is 840°C/h or more. (3) If the exposure environment temperature is greater than 40°C and less than 60°C, the cumulative exposure temperature is 1180°C/h or more.
前記制御手段は、打設されたコンクリートの表面温度θを測定して暴露時積算温度を算出する積算温度算出手段と、暴露環境温度を測定する暴露環境温度測定手段と、を備え、前記暴露環境温度測定手段において測定された暴露環境温度に応じて、前記積算温度算出手段において測定された暴露時積算温度を制御する。 The control means includes an accumulated temperature calculation means for measuring the surface temperature θ of the poured concrete to calculate the accumulated temperature during exposure, and an exposure environment temperature measurement means for measuring the exposure environment temperature, and controls the exposed accumulated temperature measured by the accumulated temperature calculation means in accordance with the exposure environment temperature measured by the exposure environment temperature measurement means.
前記積算温度算出手段では、例えば、型枠内面に取り付けた熱電対により、打設されたセメントの表面温度θを測定することができる。 The integrated temperature calculation means can measure the surface temperature θ of the poured cement, for example, using a thermocouple attached to the inner surface of the formwork.
前記暴露環境温度測定手段では、暴露環境下に予め設置された同一組成のプレキャストコンクリート製品の表面温度を測定することにより、暴露環境温度を得ることができる。暴露環境温度は、例えば、熱電対温度計、赤外放射温度計等により測定することができる。 The exposure environment temperature measuring means can obtain the exposure environment temperature by measuring the surface temperature of a precast concrete product of the same composition that has been placed in advance in an exposure environment. The exposure environment temperature can be measured, for example, by a thermocouple thermometer, an infrared radiation thermometer, etc.
本実施形態に係るプレキャストコンクリート製品の微小剥離抑制装置は、コンクリート材料を型枠に打設後、脱型して屋外に暴露するまでの暴露時積算温度を、暴露環境温度に応じて上記条件（１）～（３）を満たすように制御する制御手段を備えることにより、該製品表面の微小剥離を抑制することができる。 The device for suppressing micro-peeling of precast concrete products according to this embodiment is equipped with a control means for controlling the accumulated temperature during exposure from when the concrete material is poured into a formwork until it is removed from the formwork and exposed outdoors so as to satisfy the above conditions (1) to (3) according to the exposure environment temperature, thereby suppressing micro-peeling on the surface of the product.
＜プレキャストコンクリート製品の製造方法＞
本実施形態に係るプレキャストコンクリート製品の製造方法は、コンクリート材料を型枠に打設する工程と、打設後、脱型して屋外に暴露する工程と、を含み、打設後、脱型して屋外に暴露するまでの暴露時積算温度が、暴露環境温度に応じて下記条件（１）～（３）を満たす。
（１）暴露環境温度が２０℃以下の場合、暴露時積算温度を４８０℃・ｈ以上
（２）暴露環境温度が２０℃を超えて４０℃以下の場合、暴露時積算温度を８４０℃・ｈ以上
（３）暴露環境温度が４０℃を超えて６０℃以下の場合、暴露時積算温度を１１８０℃・ｈ以上
<Method of manufacturing precast concrete products>
The manufacturing method of a precast concrete product according to this embodiment includes a step of pouring concrete material into a formwork, and a step of, after pouring, removing the concrete from the formwork and exposing the concrete to the outdoors, and the accumulated temperature during exposure from pouring to removing the concrete from the formwork and exposing the concrete to the outdoors satisfies the following conditions (1) to (3) according to the exposure environment temperature.
(1) If the exposure environment temperature is 20°C or less, the cumulative exposure temperature is 480°C/h or more. (2) If the exposure environment temperature is greater than 20°C and less than 40°C, the cumulative exposure temperature is 840°C/h or more. (3) If the exposure environment temperature is greater than 40°C and less than 60°C, the cumulative exposure temperature is 1180°C/h or more.
コンクリート材料を型枠に打設する工程では、上述のコンクリート材料を混錬した後、型枠に打設して振動成形を行う。練り混ぜ温度は、特に限定されるものではなく、例えば、５℃以上３５℃以下で行うことができる。また、振動成形の方法は、特に限定されるものではなく、従来公知の方法を用いることができる。 In the process of pouring the concrete material into the formwork, the concrete material is mixed and then poured into the formwork for vibration molding. The mixing temperature is not particularly limited, and can be, for example, between 5°C and 35°C. The vibration molding method is also not particularly limited, and any conventionally known method can be used.
型枠内には、脱型を容易にする観点から、３０ｇ／ｍ３以上１２７ｇ／ｍ３以下の離型剤を塗布してもよい。離型剤としては、例えば、油性、水性等の従来公知の離型剤を用いることができる。 From the viewpoint of facilitating demolding, a release agent may be applied to the inside of the mold in an amount of 30 g/ m3 to 127 g/ m3 . As the release agent, for example, a conventionally known release agent such as an oil-based or water-based release agent can be used.
打設後、脱型して屋外に暴露する工程では、脱型したプレキャストコンクリート製品の養生を行う。養生方法は、特に限定されるものではなく、従来公知の方法を用いることができる。 After casting, the precast concrete product is cured by removing the formwork and exposing it to the outdoors. There are no particular limitations on the curing method, and any conventionally known method can be used.
本実施形態に係るプレキャストコンクリート製品の製造方法は、コンクリート材料を型枠に打設する工程と、打設後、脱型して屋外に暴露する工程と、を含み、打設後、脱型して屋外に暴露するまでの暴露時積算温度が、暴露環境温度に応じて上記条件（１）～（３）を満たすことにより、該製品表面の微小剥離を抑制したプレキャストコンクリート製品を得ることができる。 The manufacturing method of the precast concrete product according to this embodiment includes a step of pouring concrete material into a formwork, and a step of removing the concrete material from the formwork and exposing the material to the outdoors after pouring. By making the accumulated temperature during exposure from pouring to removing the concrete material from the formwork and exposing the material to the outdoors satisfy the above conditions (1) to (3) according to the exposure environment temperature, a precast concrete product can be obtained in which micro-peeling on the product surface is suppressed.
以下、本発明の実施例について説明するが、本発明は、以下の実施例に限定されるものではない。 The following describes examples of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
微小剥離が発生するプレキャストコンクリート製品表面は、モルタル成分から構成されると考えられる。そこで、本実施例では、モルタル材料を用いて試験を行った。 The surface of precast concrete products where micro-flaking occurs is thought to be composed of mortar components. Therefore, in this example, tests were conducted using mortar materials.
表１に示す配合のモルタル材料を、ホバートミキサ（ＨＯＢＡＲＴ社製）を用いて練り混ぜた。φ１００ｍｍ×高さ２００ｍｍの型枠内に離型剤を塗布後、練り混ぜたモルタル材料を高さ約５０ｍｍになるように打設し、表２の養生温度条件で養生を行った後、脱型した。なお、養生期間中は、熱電対を用いて、５分ごとに試験体表面の温度を測定した。そして、上記（ｉ）式に基づき、暴露時積算温度を算出した。脱型後の各試験体は、温度管理可能な乾燥機内で３日間乾燥させた。乾燥機内の温度は、それぞれ表１に示す暴露環境温度に設定した。 The mortar materials with the composition shown in Table 1 were mixed using a Hobart mixer (manufactured by HOBART). After applying a release agent to a formwork measuring φ100 mm and height 200 mm, the mixed mortar materials were poured to a height of approximately 50 mm, and cured under the curing temperature conditions in Table 2 before being demolded. During the curing period, the surface temperature of the test specimens was measured every 5 minutes using a thermocouple. The accumulated temperature during exposure was calculated based on the above formula (i). After demolding, each test specimen was dried for 3 days in a temperature-controllable dryer. The temperature inside the dryer was set to the exposure environment temperature shown in Table 1.
表１に示す成分の詳細を下記に示す。
水（Ｗ）：上水道水
セメント（Ｃ）：普通ポルトランドセメント（住友大阪セメント社製）
細骨材（Ｓ）：山砂（静岡県掛川産）
フライアッシュ（ＦＡ）：北陸電力七尾太田火力発電所産ＩＩ種
高性能減水剤（ＳＰ）：マイティ２１ＬＶ－Ｓ（花王社製）
離型剤：パネロールＭＤＷ－２（ダイセキ社製）
Details of the components shown in Table 1 are given below.
Water (W): Tap water Cement (C): Ordinary Portland cement (manufactured by Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co., Ltd.)
Fine aggregate (S): Mountain sand (Kakegawa, Shizuoka Prefecture)
Fly ash (FA): Type II produced at Hokuriku Electric Power Company's Nanao-Ota Thermal Power Plant High performance water reducing agent (SP): Mighty 21LV-S (manufactured by Kao Corporation)
Release agent: Panelol MDW-2 (manufactured by Daiseki Co., Ltd.)
次に、乾燥後の各試験体を用いて、剥離試験を行った。具体的には、各試験体を、離型剤が付着した面を上向きにして内径１０７ｍｍの塩ビパイプ内に配置し、試験体と塩ビパイプの隙間をエポキシ樹脂で充填することにより、剥離試験用試験体を作製した。その後、剥離試験用試験体の上面に水道水を投入した。なお、投入された水道水の深さは５ｍｍであった。さらに、各剥離試験用試験体を温度管理可能な試験槽内に配置し、槽内の温度を－１０℃で６時間保持した後、２０℃で２時間保持するサイクルを５０サイクル繰り返した。槽内及び離型剤が付着した試験体表面の温度履歴の一部を図１に示す。 Next, a peel test was performed using each dried specimen. Specifically, each specimen was placed in a PVC pipe with an inner diameter of 107 mm with the surface with the release agent facing upwards, and the gap between the specimen and the PVC pipe was filled with epoxy resin to create a specimen for the peel test. Tap water was then poured onto the top surface of the specimen for the peel test. The tap water was poured to a depth of 5 mm. Furthermore, each specimen for the peel test was placed in a temperature-controllable test tank, and the temperature inside the tank was kept at -10°C for 6 hours, followed by 20°C for 2 hours, and this cycle was repeated 50 times. Figure 1 shows a part of the temperature history inside the tank and on the surface of the specimen with the release agent attached.
各剥離試験用試験体の表面からの剥離量は、剥離した試料を採取して乾燥機で乾燥させた後、質量を測定することにより求めた。なお、剥離量が２０ｇ／ｍ２を超える試験体は、「×」と評価した。剥離量及び評価結果を表１に示す。 The amount of peeling from the surface of each peel test specimen was determined by collecting the peeled sample, drying it in a dryer, and then measuring the mass. Note that specimens with a peeling amount exceeding 20 g/ m2 were evaluated as "x". The peeling amount and evaluation results are shown in Table 1.
表１の結果から分かるように、暴露環境温度が２０℃以下の場合、暴露時積算温度が４８０℃・ｈ以上であれば、離型剤の塗布量によらず、試験体表面の微小剥離を抑制することができる。また、暴露環境温度が２０℃を超えて４０℃以下の場合、暴露時積算温度が８４０℃・ｈ以上であれば、離型剤の塗布量によらず、試験体表面の微小剥離を抑制することができる。さらに、暴露環境温度が４０℃を超えて６０℃以下の場合、暴露時積算温度を１１８０℃・ｈ以上であれば、離型剤の塗布量によらず、試験体表面の微小剥離を抑制することができる。 As can be seen from the results in Table 1, when the exposure environment temperature is 20°C or less, if the accumulated temperature during exposure is 480°C·h or more, micro-peeling on the surface of the test specimen can be suppressed regardless of the amount of release agent applied. Also, when the exposure environment temperature is greater than 20°C and less than 40°C, if the accumulated temperature during exposure is 840°C·h or more, micro-peeling on the surface of the test specimen can be suppressed regardless of the amount of release agent applied. Furthermore, when the exposure environment temperature is greater than 40°C and less than 60°C, if the accumulated temperature during exposure is 1180°C·h or more, micro-peeling on the surface of the test specimen can be suppressed regardless of the amount of release agent applied.
Claims (2)
水セメント比が０．３５以上０．５５以下であるコンクリート材料を型枠に打設後、脱型するまでの暴露時積算温度を、暴露環境温度に応じて下記条件（１）～（３）を満たすように制御し、
前記コンクリート材料がセメントを含み、該セメントが、ＪＩＳ Ｒ ５２１０で規定される普通ポルトランドセメントである、プレキャストコンクリート製品の微小剥離抑制方法。
（１）暴露環境温度が２０℃以下の場合、暴露時積算温度を４８０℃・ｈ以上
（２）暴露環境温度が２０℃を超えて４０℃以下の場合、暴露時積算温度を８４０℃・ｈ以上
（３）暴露環境温度が４０℃を超えて６０℃以下の場合、暴露時積算温度を１１８０℃・ｈ以上 1. A method for inhibiting micro-sparging of a precast concrete product, comprising:
After pouring a concrete material having a water-cement ratio of 0.35 or more and 0.55 or less into a formwork, the accumulated temperature during exposure until the concrete material is demolded is controlled so as to satisfy the following conditions (1) to (3) according to the exposure environment temperature,
The method for suppressing micro-exfoliation of a precast concrete product, wherein the concrete material contains cement, and the cement is ordinary Portland cement as defined in JIS R 5210.
(1) If the exposure environment temperature is 20°C or less, the cumulative exposure temperature is 480°C/h or more. (2) If the exposure environment temperature is greater than 20°C and less than 40°C, the cumulative exposure temperature is 840°C/h or more. (3) If the exposure environment temperature is greater than 40°C and less than 60°C, the cumulative exposure temperature is 1180°C/h or more.
水セメント比が０．３５以上０．５５以下であるコンクリート材料を型枠に打設後、脱型するまでの暴露時積算温度を、暴露環境温度に応じて下記条件（１）～（３）を満たすように制御する制御手段を備え、
前記コンクリート材料がセメントを含み、該セメントが、ＪＩＳ Ｒ ５２１０で規定される普通ポルトランドセメントである、プレキャストコンクリート製品の微小剥離抑制装置。
（１）暴露環境温度が２０℃以下の場合、暴露時積算温度を４８０℃・ｈ以上
（２）暴露環境温度が２０℃を超えて４０℃以下の場合、暴露時積算温度を８４０℃・ｈ以上
（３）暴露環境温度が４０℃を超えて６０℃以下の場合、暴露時積算温度を１１８０℃・ｈ以上 A device for suppressing micro-peel off of precast concrete products, comprising:
A control means is provided for controlling an accumulated temperature during exposure from pouring a concrete material having a water-cement ratio of 0.35 or more to 0.55 or less into a formwork until removal from the formwork so as to satisfy the following conditions (1) to (3) according to an exposure environment temperature:
The device for suppressing micro-exfoliation of a precast concrete product, wherein the concrete material contains cement, and the cement is ordinary Portland cement as defined in JIS R 5210.
(1) If the exposure environment temperature is 20°C or less, the cumulative exposure temperature is 480°C/h or more. (2) If the exposure environment temperature is greater than 20°C and less than 40°C, the cumulative exposure temperature is 840°C/h or more. (3) If the exposure environment temperature is greater than 40°C and less than 60°C, the cumulative exposure temperature is 1180°C/h or more.
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