JP7660442B2 - Insulating glass - Google Patents

Description

This disclosure relates to insulating glass.

In recent years, in order to meet the demands for ZEH (zero energy houses) and ZEB (zero energy buildings), there has been a demand for window glass with significantly improved insulating performance, and one of the methods being considered to achieve this is the use of double-glazed glass, including vacuum insulating glass, in which the pressure in the gap between the two glass panes is equivalent to a vacuum layer.

Patent Document 1 describes a double-glazed glass unit in which a spacer is sandwiched between two glass sheets, the outer periphery between the two glass sheets is sealed with a sealing part, and the gap between the two glass sheets is reduced in pressure to 0.1 Pa or less.

JP 2002-179439 A

It is possible to form a hollow layer by placing another glass sheet with a gap on one side of the vacuum insulating glass, and then filling the hollow layer with an inert gas such as argon gas or krypton gas, or a gas such as dry air, to form double-glazed glass. However, with this type of double-glazed glass, heat is transferred through the spacers used to form the hollow layer and the sealing material used to form the vacuum layer of the vacuum insulating glass, and the amount of heat transfer can be large. This leaves room for improvement in terms of improving the insulating performance of window glass that uses double-glazed glass.

The purpose of this disclosure is to improve the thermal insulation performance of window glass that includes double-glazed glass that has a hollow layer filled with gas and a vacuum layer.

The insulating glass of the present disclosure is a insulating glass comprising at least a first glass sheet and a second glass sheet spaced apart via a spacer, a third glass sheet spaced apart from the second glass sheet at its periphery via a vacuum layer sealing material, a hollow layer formed between the first glass sheet and the second glass sheet and filled with gas, a vacuum layer formed between the second glass sheet and the third glass sheet and having a pressure lower than the standard atmospheric pressure, and a hollow layer sealing material provided on the outer periphery of the hollow layer, the hollow layer sealing material being disposed on the outer periphery side of the spacer, and in order to reduce the heat flux density in the spacer when heat is transferred between the first glass sheet and the third glass sheet, the relationship between the width A1 of the vacuum layer sealing material, the width B1 of the spacer at the thickness direction center, and the width B2 of the hollow layer sealing material in the thickness direction center is A1<B1+B2 in the direction perpendicular to the side direction at each side of the insulating glass when viewed in the thickness direction.

The insulating glass according to the present disclosure has a large range in the viewing direction where the spacer and the vacuum layer overlap in the thickness direction of the insulating glass, and therefore the heat transfer suppression effect that the vacuum layer has on the spacer is large. This reduces the heat flux density in the spacer and reduces the linear heat transmittance of the insulating glass, particularly at the outer edge, improving the insulating performance of the window glass equipped with insulating glass.

FIG. 2 is a view of the insulating glass according to the embodiment as viewed in the thickness direction. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of part B in FIG. 2 . FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the results of a simulation in which the relationship between the margin width of a vacuum layer sealing material, the heat insulating performance, adhesive strength, and sealing reliability of insulating glass is obtained. FIG. 4 is a view corresponding to FIG. 3 of a comparative example of insulating glass. FIG. 5 is a view corresponding to FIG. 3 of insulating glass according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Below, an embodiment of the present disclosure will be explained using the drawings. The shapes, materials, values, and quantities explained below are examples for explanatory purposes and can be changed as appropriate depending on the specifications of the insulating glass. In the following explanation, the same symbols are used for equivalent elements in all drawings. Furthermore, in the explanations in the main text, the symbols previously mentioned will be used as necessary.

Figures 1 to 3 show an embodiment of insulating glass 1. The insulating glass 1 is composed of a group of glass sheets 2, a first hollow layer 10, a second hollow layer 11, a vacuum layer 30, and a second sealing material 40. The group of glass sheets 2 includes four glass sheets, namely, a first, second, third, and fourth glass sheets 3, 4, 5, and 6. Each of the glass sheets 3 to 6 is transparent or translucent. Each of the glass sheets 3 to 6 is rectangular and flat, has a flat surface, and has a predetermined thickness.

The fourth glass pane 6 is positioned on the outermost side of the room, and the third glass pane 5 is positioned on the innermost side of the room. The first glass pane 3 is positioned between the fourth glass pane 6 and the second glass pane 4 so that the indoor main surface 6a of the fourth glass pane 6 faces the outdoor main surface 4a of the second glass pane 4. The second glass pane 4 is positioned between the first glass pane 3 and the third glass pane 5 so that the indoor main surface 3a of the first glass pane 3 faces the outdoor main surface 5a of the third glass pane 5. The insulating glass 1 is assembled to the inner periphery of a frame-shaped frame (not shown) to form a window glass.

A heat reflecting film may be provided on the indoor main surface 6a of the fourth glass sheet 6, the main surfaces 3a and 3b on both sides of the first glass sheet 3, and the outdoor main surface 4a of the second glass sheet 4. The heat reflecting film is composed of an infrared reflecting film formed of a thin metal film that has infrared blocking properties. The heat reflecting film can block the passage of infrared rays through the glass sheet on which it is provided. The heat reflecting film may be a Lo-E film.

The first hollow layer 10 and the second hollow layer 11 are formed between the first glass sheet 3 and the second glass sheet 4, and between the fourth glass sheet 6 and the first glass sheet 3, respectively, and are filled with dry air or an inert gas such as argon gas or krypton gas. Specifically, the first glass sheet 3 and the second glass sheet 4 are spaced apart in the thickness direction via the spacer 41 and the first sealing material 45 on both sides of the spacer 41 in the thickness direction. The spacer 41 is a hollow, approximately rectangular frame-shaped member arranged on the outer periphery between the first glass sheet 3 and the second glass sheet 4. The material of the spacer 41 is not particularly limited, but it is formed into a predetermined shape by, for example, a metal such as aluminum or an alloy containing aluminum, a composite of a resin and a metal, or a configuration in which a metal foil is provided on the surface of the resin. The spacer 41 has a spacer internal space 42 and a through hole 43 that connects the spacer internal space 42 to a gas-filled space on the inner periphery side of the spacer 41 between the first glass sheet 3 and the second glass sheet 4. A desiccant (not shown) such as silica gel is contained in the spacer internal space 42. This allows the gas in the first hollow layer 10 to be dried. The spacer 41 may not be hollow, and the desiccant may be omitted.

The first sealing material 45 adheres to the main surface 3a of the first glass sheet 3 and the spacer 41, sealing the gap between the main surface 3a and the spacer 41, thereby preventing moisture from penetrating into the first hollow layer 10. An adhesive made of, for example, butyl rubber can be used as the first sealing material 45. The first sealing material 45 corresponds to the sealing material on the inner circumference side of the hollow layer.

The second sealing material 40 is provided on the outer periphery of the first hollow layer 10, closer to the outer periphery than the spacer 41 and the first sealing material 45. The second sealing material 40 is adhered to the first glass sheet 3 and the second glass sheet 4, and suppresses deformation of the first sealing material 45 by retaining its shape. For example, a resin such as silicone, urethane, or polysulfide can be used as the second sealing material 40. The second sealing material 40 corresponds to a hollow layer sealing material.

The configurations of the spacer 41 and the first and second sealing materials 45 and 40 arranged in the second hollow layer 11 between the fourth glass sheet 6 and the first glass sheet 3 are similar to the configurations of the spacer 41 and the first and second sealing materials 45 and 40 arranged in the first hollow layer 10.

Next, the vacuum layer 30 is formed between the second glass sheet 4 and the third glass sheet 5, and the inside is at a lower pressure than the standard atmospheric pressure. Specifically, the second glass sheet 4 and the third glass sheet 5 are spaced apart in the thickness direction via a plurality of columnar spacers 46 arranged so as to be scattered along the surface direction of each of the main surfaces 4b and 5a. In addition, the second glass sheet 4 and the third glass sheet 5 are spaced apart in the thickness direction at the outer periphery via a vacuum layer sealing material 47. Then, during the manufacture of the double-glazed glass 1, the gas in the internal space between the second glass sheet 4 and the third glass sheet 5 is discharged to the outside by a vacuum pump (not shown) and the inside is depressurized to form the vacuum layer 30. The degree of vacuum of the vacuum layer 30 is not particularly limited, but can be a low vacuum such as 0.5 atmospheres or a high vacuum such as 0.01 Pa.

The spacers 46 inside the vacuum layer 30 are arranged at a pitch of, for example, 10 to 100 mm. The shape, size, number, and arrangement pattern of the spacers 46 are not particularly limited and can be selected as appropriate. The spacers 46 are formed, for example, from resin or metal.

The vacuum layer sealing material 47 seals the gaps around the periphery of the vacuum layer 30. The vacuum layer sealing material 47 can be formed by heating and melting a glass adhesive. The glass adhesive may contain, for example, a heat-fusible glass powder and a binder, and the binder may be removed by heating the glass adhesive, the glass powder may melt, and the vacuum layer sealing material 47 may be formed from the molten material.

As shown in FIG. 3, in order to reduce the heat flux density in the spacer 41 in the first hollow layer 10 when heat is transferred between the first glass sheet 3 and the third glass sheet 5, the relationship between the width A1 of the vacuum layer sealing material 47, the width B1 of the spacer at the thickness direction center, and the width B2 of the second sealing material 40 at the thickness direction center is A1<B1+B2 in the viewing direction β perpendicular to the side direction of each side portion L1, L2, L3, and L4 when the insulating glass 1 is viewed in the thickness direction α. This improves the insulating performance of the window glass, as described below.

In addition, in the viewing direction β, the inner peripheral end 48 of the vacuum layer sealing material 47 is located closer to the outer peripheral end E2 than the inner peripheral end E1 at the contact portion between the first sealing material 45 provided between the spacer 41 and the second glass sheet 4 and the second glass sheet 4. In addition, the width A1 of the vacuum layer sealing material 47 can be 3 mm or more and less than 9 mm.

The above-mentioned double-glazing glass 1 can improve the thermal insulation performance of a window glass equipped with the double-glazing glass 1. Specifically, since the relationship A1<B1+B2 is satisfied for the viewing direction β, the range in the viewing direction (the range of the arrow γ in FIG. 3) of the portion where the spacer 41 in the first hollow layer 10 and the vacuum layer 30 overlap in the thickness direction α of the double-glazing glass 1 is increased. In other words, the distance from the inner peripheral end of the spacer 41 to the vacuum layer sealing material 47 in the vacuum layer 30 is increased. This increases the heat transfer suppression effect that the vacuum layer 30 exerts on the spacer 41. As a result, the heat flux density in the spacer 41 is reduced, and the linear heat transmittance of the double-glazing glass 1, especially at the edge portion on the outer periphery, is reduced, thereby improving the thermal insulation performance of the window glass equipped with the double-glazing glass 1.

In addition, in the viewing direction β, the inner peripheral end 48 of the vacuum layer sealing material 47 is located closer to the outer peripheral end E2 than the inner peripheral end E1 at the contact portion between the first sealing material 45 provided between the spacer 41 and the second glass sheet 4 and the second glass sheet 4. This increases the distance from the inner peripheral end E1 of the first sealing material 45, which acts as a heat conductor between the spacer 41 and the second glass sheet 4, to the vacuum layer sealing material 47. This increases the heat transfer suppression effect that the vacuum layer 30 has on the spacer 41, thereby further improving the insulating performance of the window glass.

According to the results of a heat transfer simulation conducted by the inventor using a calculation model similar to the configuration of Figures 1 to 3, the heat flow density change point where the thermal insulation performance is poorest is near the contact point between the inner peripheral end 48 of the vacuum layer sealing material 47 and the third glass sheet 5, which corresponds to part C in Figure 3, but it was confirmed that the heat flux density at this heat flow density change point can be sufficiently reduced. Furthermore, the above simulation results also confirmed that the heat flux density at the spacer 41 can be reduced.

When the width of the vacuum layer sealing material 47 in the find direction β was 6 mm, the simulated linear heat transmittance of the window glass to which the insulating glass 1 was attached was 0.033 W/(m·K), which was small. The smaller the width of the vacuum layer sealing material 47 in the find direction β, the smaller the linear heat transmittance could be, and when the width of the vacuum layer sealing material 47 in the find direction β was 3 mm, the linear heat transmittance was 0.031 W/(m·K). On the other hand, when the width of the vacuum layer sealing material 47 in the find direction was 10 mm, the linear heat transmittance increased to 0.041 W/(m·K).

In addition, in the embodiment of Figures 1 to 3, if the width A1 of the vacuum layer sealing material 47 is set to 3 mm or more and less than 9 mm, it is possible to highly improve the heat insulating performance of the window glass and to improve the adhesive strength between the vacuum layer sealing material 47 and the glass sheets 4 and 5 on both sides.

Figure 4 shows the results of a simulation that determines the relationship between the width (finding width) A1 of the vacuum layer sealing material 47 in the find direction β, the thermal insulation performance, adhesive strength, and sealing reliability of the double-glazed glass 1. The "Adhesive Strength" column shows the adhesive strength between the vacuum layer sealing material 47 and the glass sheets 4 and 5 on both sides. The "Sealing Reliability" column shows the sealing reliability in the vacuum layer 30. In the table of Figure 4, a double circle indicates the highest level of performance, a circle indicates good performance or strength, and a triangle indicates a level where improvement in performance or strength is desired. From the simulation results of Figure 4, it was confirmed that when the find width A1 of the vacuum layer sealing material 47 is 3 mm or more and less than 9 mm, the thermal insulation performance of the window glass can be sufficiently high, and the adhesive strength and sealing reliability of the vacuum layer sealing material 47 can be made good. On the other hand, when the find width A1 of the vacuum layer sealing material 47 is 10 mm, the thermal insulation performance is lower than when the find width A1 is 9 mm or less. Furthermore, when the margin width A1 of the vacuum layer sealing material 47 was 2.5 mm, the adhesive strength and sealing reliability of the vacuum layer sealing material 47 reached a level at which improvements were desired.

Figure 5 is a diagram corresponding to Figure 3 of the double-glazing 1a of the comparative example. In the comparative example, the relationship between the width A1 of the vacuum layer sealing material 47, the width B1 of the spacer 41 at the center in the thickness direction in the first hollow layer 10, and the width B2 of the second sealing material 40 at the center in the thickness direction in the comparative example is A1>B1+B2. In such a comparative example, there is no overlapping portion between the spacer 41 and the vacuum layer 30 in the thickness direction α of the double-glazing 1a. At this time, the entire spacer 41 and the vacuum layer sealing material 47 overlap in the thickness direction α, so the distance from the inner peripheral end of the spacer 41 to the vacuum layer sealing material 47 becomes small. As a result, the heat transfer suppression effect that the vacuum layer 30 gives to the spacer 41 becomes small. Therefore, the heat flux density in the spacer 41 becomes large, and the linear heat transmittance at the edge portion of the outer periphery of the double-glazing 1a also becomes large. Therefore, the heat insulation performance of the window glass using the double-glazing 1a is lower than that of the embodiment of Figures 1 to 3. In the comparative example, part D in FIG. 5, which is near the contact part between the inner peripheral end 48 of the vacuum layer sealing material 47 and the third glass sheet 5, is the heat flow density conversion point with the poorest thermal insulation performance. Also, the heat flux density at this heat flow density conversion point is greater than the heat flux density at the heat flow density conversion point of part C in FIG. 3, and the thermal insulation performance is reduced.

Figure 6 is a diagram corresponding to Figure 3 of a double-glazing unit 1b according to another embodiment. In this configuration, instead of the spacers 41 (Figures 2 and 3), a resin spacer 50 functioning as a first sealing material is provided in each hollow layer 10, 11. The spacer 50 is made of a thermoplastic elastomer such as a styrene-based thermoplastic elastomer (TPS), and has a rectangular frame shape that is bonded to the main surfaces of the glass sheets 3, 4, and 6 on both sides. In each hollow layer 10, 11, a second sealing material 40 is provided on the outer periphery side of the spacer 50.

In this example, the inner peripheral end 48 of the vacuum layer sealing material 47 may be located closer to the outer peripheral end F2 than the inner peripheral end F1 at the contact portion between the spacer 41 and the second glass sheet 4 in the viewing direction β. With this configuration, the distance from the inner peripheral end F1 of the spacer 41 to the vacuum layer sealing material 47 is increased. This increases the heat transfer suppression effect that the vacuum layer 30 has on the spacer 41, thereby further improving the insulating performance of the window glass. In this example, the other configurations and functions are the same as those in Figures 1 to 3.

In addition, in each of the above embodiments, the double-glazing 1, 1b is described as including the first to fourth glass sheets 3 to 6, but the fourth glass sheet 6 can be omitted and there can be only one hollow layer. Also, the double-glazing can have three or more hollow layers and two or more vacuum layers.

Reference Signs List 1, 1a, 1b insulating glass, 2 group of glass sheets, 3 first glass sheet, 4 second glass sheet, 5 third glass sheet, 6 fourth glass sheet, 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 6a main surface, 10 first hollow layer, 11 second hollow layer, 30 vacuum layer, 40 second sealing material, 41 spacer, 42 spacer internal space, 43 through hole, 45 first sealing material, 46 spacer, 47 vacuum layer sealing material, 48 inner peripheral end, 50 spacer.

Claims (4)

a first glass sheet and a second glass sheet spaced apart by at least a first spacer;
a third glass sheet spaced apart from the second glass sheet at an outer periphery thereof via a vacuum layer sealing material;
a fourth glass sheet spaced apart from the first glass sheet via at least a second spacer;
a first hollow layer formed between the first glass sheet and the second glass sheet and filled with a gas;
a vacuum layer formed between the second glass sheet and the third glass sheet, the vacuum layer having a pressure lower than standard atmospheric pressure;
a second hollow space formed between the first glass sheet and the fourth glass sheet and filled with a gas;
a first hollow layer sealing material provided on the outer periphery of the first hollow layer, the first hollow layer being located on the outer periphery side of the first spacer;
A second hollow layer sealing material is provided on an outer periphery of the second hollow layer, the second hollow layer being closer to the outer periphery than the second spacer.
In order to reduce the heat flux density in the first spacer when heat is transferred between the first glass sheet and the third glass sheet, the relationship between the width A1 of the vacuum layer sealing material, the width B1 of the first spacer at the thickness direction center, and the width B2 of the first hollow layer sealing material at the thickness direction center is set to A1<B1+B2 in a direction perpendicular to the side direction of each side portion when the insulating glass is viewed in the thickness direction.
Double glazing. The insulating glass according to claim 1,
The width A1 of the vacuum layer sealing material is 3 mm or more and less than 9 mm;
Double glazing. The insulating glass according to claim 1,
Each of the first spacer and the second spacer is a composite of a resin and a metal.
Insulating glass The insulating glass according to claim 1,
a hollow layer inner periphery sealing material provided between the first spacer and the second glass plate, the hollow layer inner periphery sealing material including an adhesive;
In the detection direction, an inner peripheral end of the vacuum layer sealing material is located closer to an outer peripheral end than an inner peripheral end of a contact portion between the hollow layer inner peripheral side sealing material and the second glass sheet.
Double glazing.

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