JP7663333B2 - Waterproof sheet material - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a waterproof sheet material to be applied to concrete members.

Waterproofing methods that increase the waterproofing of concrete after it hardens by applying a waterproof coating to the surface of poured concrete or forming a waterproof layer are widely used.

One example of a waterproofing method applied to concrete is a technique in which a resin-impregnated sheet is laid on top of the concrete and then liquid resin is sprayed onto it to form a waterproof layer made of fiber-reinforced plastic on the surface of the concrete (see, for example, Patent Document 1). In the waterproofing method of Patent Document 1, the resin-impregnated sheet is integrated with the resin to provide waterproofing, but because the resin is not sprayed directly onto the concrete, it is said that the waterproof layer can be applied regardless of the moisture content of the concrete.

There is also a technique for obtaining a concrete structure with a waterproof sheet adhered to the surface of the concrete by first attaching a waterproof sheet to the inside of a concrete formwork, pouring concrete into the formwork, and then removing the formwork after it has hardened (see, for example, Patent Document 2). The waterproofing method of Patent Document 2 is said to be able to protect the concrete immediately after it is poured, because the waterproof sheet comes into contact with the concrete without waiting for the concrete to dry.

Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 10-131310 JP 2002-188287 A

This type of waterproof sheet (material) is used over a long period of time while in contact with concrete components, so it is necessary for it to be waterproof and durable, as well as to be able to conform to the surface shape of the concrete component, adhere well to the concrete component, and be easy and efficient to install.

In this regard, the waterproofing method of Patent Document 1 sprays resin only onto the surface of the sheet (i.e., one side), so there is a risk that the resin will not penetrate the entire sheet and sufficient waterproofing will not be achieved. In addition, if there is a difference in the amount of resin impregnated between the concrete contact side of the sheet and the resin sprayed side, the sheet may bend due to the difference in the state of the sheet after the resin hardens, and the adhesion of the sheet to the concrete may decrease. Furthermore, as described in paragraph 0001 of the specification of Patent Document 1, the waterproofing method of Patent Document 1 is intended to be carried out on-site, and it is difficult to say that construction is easy or efficient.

As described in paragraph 0017 of the specification of Patent Document 2, the waterproofing method requires that the adhesive strength between the concrete formwork and the waterproof sheet must be set to a certain level or higher to prevent the waterproof sheet from shifting or falling off when the concrete is poured, but must be set weaker than the adhesive strength between the concrete and the waterproof sheet so that the waterproof sheet does not remain on the formwork when the formwork is removed. However, the adhesive strength between the concrete and the waterproof sheet varies depending on the concrete pouring conditions and the climate, and it is not always possible to obtain an appropriate adhesive strength. Therefore, there is a risk that the waterproof sheet will shift from the concrete surface when the formwork is removed, or that part of the waterproof sheet will break while still attached to the formwork. In addition, the waterproofing method of Patent Document 2 requires a lot of work to attach the waterproof sheet to the inside of the formwork, and it is difficult to say that the construction is easy and efficient.

As such, the waterproof sheets (materials) used in conventional waterproofing methods have room for improvement in terms of adhesion to concrete members and ease of application. The present invention was made in consideration of the above problems, and aims to provide a waterproof sheet material that has excellent durability and strength while improving adhesion to concrete members, and can be applied easily and efficiently.

The characteristic configuration of the waterproof sheet material according to the present invention for solving the above problems is as follows:
A waterproof sheet material to be applied to a concrete member,
A base material is provided in which a waterproof layer and a reinforcing layer are joined together,
The concrete member has an adhesion layer for adhering the base material to the concrete member.

The waterproof sheet material of this configuration has an adhesion layer for adhering the substrate to the concrete member, so that the substrate formed by bonding the waterproof layer and the reinforcing layer firmly adheres to the concrete member, and the waterproofing ability inherent to the waterproof layer can enhance the waterproofing of the concrete member. In addition, the provision of the adhesion layer means that the substrate does not come into direct contact with the concrete member, so the durability (lifespan) of the substrate is extended, and the substrate can also be made to conform well to the surface shape of the concrete member.

In the waterproof sheet material according to the present invention,
The waterproof layer includes a first waterproof layer and a second waterproof layer,
The base material is configured such that both sides of the reinforcing layer are sandwiched between the first waterproof layer and the second waterproof layer,
The adhesion layer is preferably provided on the side of the first waterproof layer or the second waterproof layer opposite to the side to which the reinforcing layer is joined.

According to the waterproof sheet material of this configuration, the waterproof layer is divided into a first waterproof layer and a second waterproof layer, and the reinforcing layer is sandwiched between the two waterproof layers, so that the base material has firmness and the durability of the waterproof sheet material can be improved. In addition, since an adhesive layer is provided on the side opposite to the side where the reinforcing layer of the first waterproof layer or the second waterproof layer is joined, the waterproof sheet material can be easily applied to the concrete member by simply attaching the adhesive layer of the waterproof sheet material to the surface of the concrete member. Furthermore, such an attachment operation can be performed in a place other than the site if there is a small space, so that the efficiency of the construction can be improved. Furthermore, when the adhesive layer is provided on the base material, the second waterproof layer with which the adhesive layer is in direct contact is sacrificed, and the adhesive layer functions to protect the reinforcing layer and the first waterproof layer, so that a decrease in the strength of the reinforcing layer and a decrease in the waterproofness of the first waterproof layer can be prevented.

In the waterproof sheet material according to the present invention,
The adhesion layer preferably includes a nonwoven fabric sheet.

With this waterproof sheet material, if a nonwoven fabric sheet is used as the adhesion layer, when the adhesion layer is adhered to concrete, the concrete penetrates between the fibers that make up the nonwoven fabric sheet, increasing the adhesion between the base material and the concrete member, which in turn increases the waterproofing of the concrete member provided by the waterproof layer.

In the waterproof sheet material according to the present invention,
The nonwoven fabric sheet is preferably configured to have a needle-punched single layer structure or a spunbond/needle-punched multi-layer structure.

According to the waterproof sheet material of this configuration, if the nonwoven fabric sheet is configured to have a needle-punched single layer structure or a spunbond/needle-punched multi-layer structure, the adhesion layer has an appropriate amount of voids, so the waterproofing of the concrete member by the waterproof layer can be further improved.

In the waterproof sheet material according to the present invention,
The adhesive layer is preferably made of at least one material selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, nylon, polypropylene, polyethylene, vinylon, polyurethane, vulcanized rubber, silicone, rayon, and cotton.

According to the waterproof sheet material of this configuration, when the adhesion layer is made of at least one selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, nylon, polypropylene, polyethylene, vinylon, polyurethane, vulcanized rubber, silicone, rayon, and cotton, the adhesion layer has good affinity with concrete, so that the adhesion of the waterproof sheet material to the concrete member and the waterproofing of the concrete member provided by the waterproof layer can be further improved.

In the waterproof sheet material according to the present invention,
The base material is preferably configured so that the first waterproof layer and the second waterproof layer have different thicknesses.

According to the waterproof sheet material of this configuration, by configuring the base material so that the thickness of the first waterproof layer and the thickness of the second waterproof layer are different, it is possible to adjust the degree of waterproofing of the concrete member provided by the two waterproof layers. Furthermore, by changing the thickness of the first waterproof layer and the thickness of the second waterproof layer, the position of the reinforcing layer sandwiched between the two waterproof layers can be changed from a position closer to the adhesive layer side to a position closer to the surface side, so that the flexibility (stiffness and stiffness) and durability of the base material can be adjusted, and the durability and degree of conformability of the waterproof sheet material can also be changed according to the surface shape of the concrete member.

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a waterproof sheet material according to a first embodiment. FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a waterproof sheet material according to a second embodiment. FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a waterproof sheet material according to a third embodiment.

The waterproof sheet material of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. However, the configuration (layers) of the waterproof sheet material shown in each figure has been appropriately exaggerated or simplified to facilitate explanation, and does not accurately reflect the size and scale relationships between the layers.

The waterproof sheet material of the present invention is applied to concrete members before they are completely hardened, and is used to enhance the waterproofing of the concrete members after hardening. The water pressure resistance required of the waterproof sheet material is 490 kPa or more in order for the concrete members to exhibit sufficient waterproofing after hardening. Concrete members to which the waterproof sheet material can be applied include concrete structures such as dams, bridges, and waterways, concrete buildings such as buildings, apartment buildings, and reinforced concrete houses, and underground concrete structures such as underground water reservoirs, underground passages, and underground parking lots. Representative embodiments of the waterproof sheet material of the present invention are described below.

First Embodiment
[Overall configuration]
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a waterproof sheet material 101 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The waterproof sheet material 101 includes a waterproof layer 11 that provides a waterproof function to the waterproof sheet material 101, and a reinforcing layer 12 that provides firmness and stiffness to the waterproof sheet material 101. The waterproof layer 11 and the reinforcing layer 12 are joined to each other to form a substrate 10. This joining can be performed by fusing by heating or by bonding with an adhesive. In the first embodiment, the waterproof layer 11 is composed of two waterproof layers, a first waterproof layer 11a and a second waterproof layer 11b, and the first waterproof layer 11a and the second waterproof layer 11b are joined so as to sandwich the reinforcing layer 12 from both sides, and a three-layer substrate 10 is formed, which is composed of the first waterproof layer 11a, the reinforcing layer 12, and the second waterproof layer 11b in order from the upper side (sheet surface side). If the substrate 10 has such a three-layer structure, the substrate 10 will have firmness and stiffness, which contributes to improving the durability of the waterproof sheet material 101.

On one end of the substrate 10, an adhesive layer 20 is provided to adhere the substrate 10 to the concrete member A. By providing the adhesive layer 20, the substrate 10 adheres firmly to the concrete member A, and the waterproofing ability of the waterproof layer 11 (first waterproof layer 11a and second waterproof layer 11b) can enhance the waterproofing of the concrete member A. In addition, by providing the adhesive layer 20, the substrate 10 can be easily adapted to the surface shape of the concrete member A. In the first embodiment, the adhesive layer 20 is provided on the opposite side to the side where the reinforcing layer 12 of the second waterproof layer 11b is joined. With this configuration, the waterproof sheet material 101 can be easily applied to the concrete member A by simply attaching the adhesive layer 20 of the waterproof sheet material 101 to the surface (before hardening) of the concrete member A. In addition, the application work of the waterproof sheet material 101 having the adhesive layer 20 to the concrete member A can be performed at a place other than the site if there is a small space, so that the efficiency of the application can be improved. Furthermore, when the adhesive layer 20 is provided on the substrate 10, the adhesive layer 20 functions to protect the reinforcing layer 12 and the first waterproof layer 11a at the expense of the second waterproof layer 11b with which it is in direct contact, thereby preventing a decrease in the strength of the reinforcing layer 12 and a decrease in the waterproofness of the first waterproof layer 11a. The adhesive layer 20 can be attached to the substrate 10 by fusing with heat or by bonding with an adhesive.

The thickness of the waterproof sheet material 101 is set to 0.5 to 11.0 mm, preferably 1.0 to 2.5 mm. If the thickness of the waterproof sheet material 101 is less than 0.5 mm, there is a risk that the waterproofness of the concrete member A cannot be sufficiently improved. If the thickness of the waterproof sheet material 101 exceeds 11.0 mm, there is a risk that the conformability to the surface shape of the concrete member A is deteriorated, and further, the weight of the waterproof sheet material 101 increases, so that the workability is reduced. The basis weight of the waterproof sheet material 101 is set to 400 to 1000 g/m ^2. If the basis weight of the waterproof sheet material 101 is less than 400 g/m ² , there is a risk that the waterproofness of the concrete member A cannot be sufficiently improved. If the basis weight of the waterproof sheet material 101 exceeds 1000 g/m ² , there is a risk that the weight of the waterproof sheet material 101 increases, so that the workability is reduced. Below, each layer constituting the waterproof sheet material 101 will be described in detail.

[Waterproof layer]
Materials constituting the waterproof layer 11 include resins such as ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, vinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, chlorinated polyethylene, polyurethane, vulcanized rubber, and silicone, and these resins can be used alone or in combination. A preferred resin is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, because it is flexible, has good unevenness-following ability, and has elasticity, which is maintained even in a low-temperature environment. The form (structure) of one waterproof layer 11 (each of the first waterproof layer 11a and the second waterproof layer 11b) may be any of a single layer, a multi-layer, or a mixed layer, but it is preferable to use a single layer from the viewpoint of maintaining good conformability to the surface shape of the concrete member A. In the first embodiment, the thicknesses of the first waterproof layer 11a and the second waterproof layer 11b are both preferably set to 0.1 to 0.4 mm, and the thickness of the waterproof layer 11 is set to 0.2 to 0.6 mm. If the thickness of the waterproof layer 11 is less than 0.2 mm, there is a risk that the waterproofness of the concrete member A cannot be sufficiently improved. If the thickness of the waterproof layer 11 exceeds 0.6 mm, the thickness of the waterproof sheet material 101 itself will also increase, which may result in poor conformability to the surface shape of the concrete member A.

[Reinforcement layer]
Examples of materials constituting the reinforcing layer 12 include resins such as polyethylene terephthalate, nylon, polyethylene, polypropylene, and vinylon, and these resins can be used alone or in combination. A preferred resin is polyethylene terephthalate from the viewpoint of versatility (easy availability and low cost). The form (structure) of the reinforcing layer 12 may be any of woven fabric, knitted fabric, and nonwoven fabric, but from the viewpoint of strengthening the bond with the waterproof layer 11 (first waterproof layer 11a and second waterproof layer 11b), it is preferable to use a sheet-like woven fabric. In the first embodiment, the thickness of the reinforcing layer 12 is set to 0.1 to 5.0 mm, preferably 0.2 to 1.0 mm. If the thickness of the reinforcing layer 12 is less than 0.1 mm, there is a risk that the waterproof sheet material 101 will not be able to exhibit sufficient stiffness or stiffness. If the thickness of the reinforcing layer 12 exceeds 5.0 mm, the waterproof sheet material 101 will become too hard, resulting in poor conformability to the surface shape of the concrete member A, and the weight of the waterproof sheet material 101 will increase, which may result in reduced workability.

[Adhesion layer]
Examples of materials constituting the adhesion layer 20 include polyethylene terephthalate, nylon, polypropylene, polyethylene, vinylon, polyurethane, vulcanized rubber, silicone, rayon, and cotton, and these materials can be used alone or in combination. A preferred material is polypropylene from the viewpoints of alkali resistance and versatility (easy availability and low cost). When the adhesion layer 20 is made of these materials, the adhesion layer 20 has a good affinity with the concrete, so that the adhesion of the waterproof sheet material 101 to the concrete member A and the waterproofness of the concrete member A provided by the waterproof layer 11 can be further improved. In addition, if the adhesion layer 20 is given hydrophilicity, the affinity of the adhesion layer 20 with the concrete can be further improved, and the adhesion of the waterproof sheet material 101 and the waterproofness of the concrete member A can be further improved. Examples of methods for imparting hydrophilicity to the adhesion layer 20 include a method of using highly water-absorbent fibers such as rayon and cotton as fibers constituting the nonwoven fabric (in this case, from the viewpoint of alkali resistance, for example, composite fibers of polypropylene and rayon are preferable), and a method of imparting a water-absorbing agent (such as a surfactant) to a nonwoven fabric made of a material with poor water absorption such as polypropylene or polyethylene terephthalate by post-processing (such as impregnation treatment). The form (structure) of the adhesion layer 20 may be any of woven fabric, knitted fabric, and nonwoven fabric, but from the viewpoint of penetrating into the concrete member A and increasing adhesion, it is preferable to use a sheet-like nonwoven fabric. In addition, when a nonwoven fabric sheet is used as the adhesion layer 20, it may have a single-layer structure made of a single type of nonwoven fabric sheet, or a multi-layer structure in which multiple different types of nonwoven fabric sheets are layered. Examples of types of nonwoven fabric include spunbond, needle punch, spunlace, thermal bond, and meltblown. In particular, when the nonwoven fabric sheet is configured to have a needle-punched single layer structure or a spunbond/needle-punched multi-layer structure, the adhesion layer 20 has an appropriate amount of voids, so that the waterproofing of the concrete member A by the waterproof layer 11 can be further improved. In the first embodiment, a polypropylene spunbond nonwoven fabric sheet and a polypropylene needle-punched nonwoven fabric sheet are stacked to form the adhesion layer 20 having a multi-layer structure. In the first embodiment, the thickness of the adhesion layer 20 is set to 0.1 to 5.0 mm. If the thickness of the adhesion layer 20 is less than 0.1 mm, the adhesion layer 20 cannot sufficiently bite into the concrete member A, and there is a risk of the adhesion being reduced. If the thickness of the adhesion layer 20 exceeds 5.0 mm, the distance between the waterproof layer 11 and the concrete member A becomes large, so that the waterproofing of the concrete member A cannot be improved, and further, the weight of the waterproof sheet material 101 increases, so that there is a risk of the workability being reduced.

Second Embodiment
2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a waterproof sheet material 102 according to a second embodiment of the present invention. In the waterproof sheet material 102 according to the second embodiment, components having the same or similar configuration as the waterproof sheet material 101 according to the first embodiment are simply given the same reference numerals in the figure, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

The waterproof sheet material 102 according to the second embodiment, like the waterproof sheet material 101 according to the first embodiment, has a three-layer structure substrate 10 consisting of a first waterproof layer 11a, a reinforcing layer 12, and a second waterproof layer 11b in this order from the top (sheet surface side), and an adhesive layer 20 is provided on the opposite side of the second waterproof layer 11b to the side to which the reinforcing layer 12 is bonded. However, the thickness and basis weight of the waterproof sheet material 102 are different from those of the first embodiment, and the thickness of the waterproof sheet material 102 is set to 0.7 to 5.8 mm, preferably 0.8 to 1.0 mm, and the basis weight of the waterproof sheet material 101 is set to 700 to 800 g/m ^2. The thickness of each layer is different from that of the first embodiment. In the second embodiment, the thicknesses of the first waterproof layer 11a and the second waterproof layer 11b are both preferably set to 0.1 to 0.2 mm, and the thickness of the waterproof layer 11 is set to 0.2 to 0.3 mm. The reinforcing layer 12 has a thickness of 0.2 to 5.0 mm. The adhesive layer 20 has a thickness of 0.1 to 0.2 mm. A needle-punched nonwoven fabric sheet made of polypropylene having a single layer structure is used as the adhesive layer 20.

The waterproof sheet material 102 in the second embodiment is firm and has high strength, and can be easily attached to the concrete member A, which makes construction more efficient.

Third Embodiment
3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a waterproof sheet material 103 according to a third embodiment of the present invention. In the waterproof sheet material 103 according to the third embodiment, components having the same or similar configuration as the waterproof sheet material 101 according to the first embodiment or the waterproof sheet material 102 according to the second embodiment are simply given the same reference numerals in the figure, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

The waterproof sheet material 103 according to the third embodiment is different from the waterproof sheet material 101 according to the first embodiment or the waterproof sheet material 102 according to the second embodiment in that it has a two-layer structure substrate 10 consisting of a waterproof layer 11 and a reinforcing layer 12 in this order from the upper side (sheet surface side), and an adhesive layer 20 is provided directly on the side of the reinforcing layer 12 opposite to the side to which the waterproof layer 11 is joined. The thickness of the waterproof sheet material 103 is set to 0.5 to 10.5 mm, preferably 0.8 to 1.2 mm, and the basis weight of the waterproof sheet material 101 is set to 950 to 1050 g/m ^2. The thickness of the waterproof layer 11 is set to 0.2 to 0.5 mm. The thickness of the reinforcing layer 12 is set to 0.2 to 5.0 mm. The thickness of the adhesive layer 20 is set to 0.1 to 5.0 mm. The adhesive layer 20 has a multi-layer structure in which a spunbond nonwoven polypropylene sheet and a needle-punched nonwoven polypropylene sheet are laminated together.

The waterproof sheet material 103 in the third embodiment is flexible and has good conformability to the surface shape of the concrete member A, and further has high adhesion to the concrete member A.

<Another embodiment>
The waterproof sheet material of the present invention may be obtained by partially modifying the configuration of the waterproof sheet materials 101, 102, and 103 according to the first to third embodiments. Some of such modified examples will be described as other embodiments.

[Another embodiment 1]
In the waterproof sheet material 101 according to the first embodiment or the waterproof sheet material 102 according to the second embodiment, the first waterproof layer 11a and the second waterproof layer 11b are set to the same thickness, but it is also possible to make the thickness of the first waterproof layer 11a and the thickness of the second waterproof layer 11b different. In this case, the degree of waterproofing of the concrete member A provided by the two waterproof layers 11a and 11b can be adjusted. In addition, by changing the thickness of the first waterproof layer 11a and the thickness of the second waterproof layer 11b, the position of the reinforcing layer 12 sandwiched between the two waterproof layers 11a and 11b can be changed from a position closer to the adhesive layer 20 to a position closer to the surface side, so that the flexibility (stiffness and stiffness) and durability of the base material 10 can be adjusted, and the degree of conformity of the waterproof sheet materials 101 and 102 according to the surface shape of the concrete member A can also be changed.

[Another embodiment 2]
In the waterproof sheet material 103 according to the third embodiment, the adhesive layer 20 is provided directly on the side of the reinforcing layer 12 opposite to the side to which the waterproof layer 11 is bonded, but the reinforcing layer 12 and the adhesive layer 20 can be configured as an integral body. The form (structure) of the reinforcing layer 12 and the adhesive layer 20 may be any of woven fabric, knitted fabric, and nonwoven fabric. For example, if the reinforcing layer 12 and the adhesive layer 20 are both woven fabric sheets or nonwoven fabric sheets, the reinforcing layer 12 and the adhesive layer 20 can be configured as a laminate (not shown) of multi-layered woven fabric sheets or nonwoven fabric sheets. When this laminate is bonded to the waterproof layer 11, the layer in contact with the waterproof layer 11 of the laminate functions as the reinforcing layer 12, and the other layers function as the adhesive layer 20.

[Alternative embodiment 3]
In the waterproof sheet material 101 according to the first embodiment, the waterproof sheet material 102 according to the second embodiment, and the waterproof sheet material 103 according to the third embodiment, the adhesion layer 20 is provided only on one side of the substrate 10, but it is also possible to provide it on both sides of the substrate 10. In this case, since the adhesion layer 20 of the waterproof sheet materials 101, 102, and 103 is exposed on both sides, by sandwiching the waterproof sheet materials 101, 102, and 103 between two concrete members A, A, the waterproofing of the two concrete members A, A can be improved simultaneously.

The waterproof sheet material of the present invention can be used to improve the waterproofing of concrete members, for example, concrete structures such as dams, bridges, and waterways, concrete buildings such as buildings, apartment buildings, and reinforced concrete houses, and underground concrete structures such as underground reservoirs, underground passageways, and underground parking lots.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 10 Base material 11 Waterproof layer 11a First waterproof layer 11b Second waterproof layer 12 Reinforcing layer 20 Adhesion layer 101, 102, 103 Waterproof sheet material A Concrete member

Claims (4)

A waterproof sheet material to be applied to a concrete member before hardening ,
A base material is provided in which a waterproof layer and a reinforcing layer are joined together,
An adhesion layer for adhering the base material to the concrete member,
The adhesive layer is a waterproof sheet material including a nonwoven fabric sheet using at least one type of fiber selected from the group consisting of rayon and cotton . The waterproof layer includes a first waterproof layer and a second waterproof layer,
The base material is configured such that both sides of the reinforcing layer are sandwiched between the first waterproof layer and the second waterproof layer,
The waterproof sheet material according to claim 1 , wherein the adhesion layer is provided on the side of the first waterproof layer or the second waterproof layer opposite to the side to which the reinforcing layer is joined. The waterproof sheet material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the nonwoven fabric sheet is configured to have a needle-punched single layer structure or a spunbond/needle-punched multilayer structure. The waterproof sheet material according to claim 2, wherein the substrate is configured so that the thickness of the first waterproof layer is different from the thickness of the second waterproof layer.

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