JP7673577B2 - Printed materials - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to printed matter that allows for the expression of texture, depth and transparency.

Old paintings with high historical value deteriorate over time, even when exhibited or stored. In recent years, due to their rarity, reproductions are sometimes exhibited to protect the paintings. Technology has advanced to create reproductions that are closer to the originals in order to pass on their value to future generations. There are many different methods for creating reproductions. For example, techniques such as hand-painted paintings, in which the artist faithfully reproduces each painting by hand, and lithographs, original lithographs, and esplanade lithographs, which use printing techniques, have been used. Other common reproduction techniques include offset printing and screen printing, which use printing techniques, and in recent years, the giclee technique, which converts the original painting into digital information and combines it with the latest digital printing methods.

The printing method for the giclee technique involves capturing the original image using a high-performance camera or scanner, breaking down the image into data with elements such as hue, saturation, and brightness, and reconstructing it as output data for the image. This data is then output again as an image using a digital printer.

Inkjet printers, which are capable of depositing minute colored particles, are often used for digital printers. Inkjet printers use ink particles in one to four colors to express color tones. In recent years, printing has shifted from the traditional four-color composition to six or seven-color compositions, and the existence of intermediate colors connecting the four colors has made it possible to express images that are very close to what the human eye sees.

JP 2011-170053 A JP 2020-157510 A

In the invention described in Patent Document 1, in order to reproduce colors extremely faithful to the original, the colors and the amount of reflected light are adjusted so that the detection results of the color image of the test pattern and the amount of surface reflected light are predetermined colors and light amounts, thereby bringing the colors closer to the original. However, among paintings, there are portraits that focus on the texture of human skin, and skin is made up of many different cell structures beneath the stratum corneum on the surface, and each layer refracts and reflects light differently, so that skin appears white under strong light, flesh-colored in soft light, and slightly green in fresh greenery. This state of change under the influence of light is expressed as transparency.

In paintings, the transparency of human skin is expressed by layering paint in very thin layers or in the form of small dots. The digital printing method described in Patent Document 1 is capable of faithfully reproducing colors, but as shown in Figure 1, the color C1 is recognized in the A1, A2, and A3 views seen from viewing angle 1, and the color C1 is recognized in the A1', A2', and A3' views seen from viewing angle 2, and the same color is recognized even when the viewing angle is changed. This makes it difficult to express the texture of objects whose color and texture change depending on the viewing angle and amount of light, as is expressed in portraits, or the transparency of human skin.

In addition, in the invention described in Patent Document 2, a protective film Q with projections and recesses is placed on the printed matter shown in Figure 2, and the three-dimensional shape of the projections and recesses is recognized visually and tactilely to obtain a superficial texture. However, since protective film Q is formed of a single film, as shown in Figure 2, the color C1 is recognized in the A1, A2, and A3 fields of view seen from viewing angle 1, and the color C1 is recognized in the A1', A2', and A3' fields of view seen from viewing angle 2, and the same color is recognized even when the viewing angle is changed. Therefore, it is difficult to express the texture of an object whose hue, color, and other textures change depending on the viewing angle and amount of light, such as in a portrait, or the transparency of human skin.

In consideration of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a printed matter that can express texture, depth, and transparency that change depending on the viewing angle and amount of light.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a first aspect of the present invention is to
The surface of the printed matter has at least two types of lattice-like layers,
The lattice layer is formed of lattice lines through which light can pass, the line width being 0.05 mm or less, and the line thickness being 0.01 mm or less,
This is a printed matter characterized in that the distance between two adjacent lines is 0.05 mm or less.

Lines and gaps of 0.05 mm or less, and line parts with a thickness of 0.01 mm or less, are difficult to distinguish with the human eye and are perceived as a flat surface, but in reality the lines are present in a grid pattern, and when a printed material is viewed from various angles through this grid pattern, the color of the pattern appears to change, which is perceived as texture. If the gaps between the lines in the grid layer are 0.05 mm or more, the grid pattern can be recognized by the human eye, and it is perceived as grid lines on top of the pattern, which is not preferable. Also, if the thickness of the grid layer is 0.01 mm or more, the unevenness of the lines can be recognized by the human eye, and it is perceived as grid lines on top of the pattern, which is not preferable.

The second aspect of the present invention is
The lattice-like layer may be formed of continuous or discontinuous lattice-like lines. When the lines are dotted or continuous, the appearance of the pattern seen through the lattice-like layer changes in a complex manner when the pattern is viewed from various directions, and this is recognized as texture.

In addition, a third aspect of the present invention is
Among the at least two or more types of lattice-like layers, the lattice-like lines forming one layer may be disposed in the gaps between the lattice-like lines forming the other layer. By disposing the lattice-like lines forming one layer in the gaps between the lattice-like lines forming the other layer, the state becomes closer to a flat surface, which is preferable because it is perceived as a flat surface by the human eye.

Moreover, a fourth aspect of the present invention is
Among the at least two types of lattice-like layers, the lattice-like lines forming one layer and the lattice-like lines forming the other layer may have different refractive indices. When the two or more types of lattice-like lines have different refractive indices, the direction of light passing through the lattice-like lines changes in a complex manner when the viewing direction is changed, and the appearance of the color changes. When the pattern is viewed from various directions, the color tone of the pattern appears to change, and is recognized as a texture.

The fifth aspect of the present invention is
The at least two types of lattice-patterned layers may be laminated in one or more layers. By laminating two or more types of lattice-patterned layers, the number of times that light passes through the lattice-patterned lines increases or decreases when the viewing angle changes, and the direction of the light changes in a more complex manner, resulting in a more complex change in the appearance of colors.

Moreover, a sixth aspect of the present invention is
The lattice-like layer may be formed directly on an already printed material.

The lattice layer is characterized by being made of a transparent material that transmits light; when strong light enters from the outside, reflection within the lattice layer causes halation, making the pattern appear whitish and whitish, while under soft light the color of the pattern becomes clear. The surrounding colors also have an effect; for example, if there is a lot of green in the surrounding area, the green color will have an effect and the color of the pattern will appear to change. This state is expressed as the transparency of human skin, and the change in appearance through the lattice layer is recognized as transparency.

By printing the grid-like layer directly onto a printed material that already has color expression, it is possible to impart texture and transparency without compromising the original color tone.

The printed matter of the present invention can provide a printed matter that can express the texture, depth, and transparency of an object depending on the viewing angle and the amount and color of the surrounding light.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of how a printed matter according to Patent Document 1 appears. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of how a printed matter according to Patent Document 2 appears. FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating an example of an embodiment of a printed matter according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an example of how a printed matter according to the present invention appears. 10A to 10C are schematic diagrams showing other examples of how a printed matter according to the present invention appears. FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram of a printing device for forming a lattice-shaped layer according to the present invention. 1A to 1C are diagrams illustrating a printing process for forming a lattice-shaped layer according to the present invention.

Embodiments of printed matter according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The drawings are schematic and the relationship with planar dimensions and the ratio of thickness of each layer are different from the actual ones. Furthermore, the embodiments shown below are examples of configurations for embodying the technical idea of the present invention, and the technical idea of the present invention is not limited to the materials, shapes, structures, etc. of the components described below.

The laminated structure of one embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 3. The printed matter shown in this embodiment is a printed matter formed in a state in which a first layer is arranged on an existing printed matter P, a lattice-shaped layer B1 formed with lines having a thickness of 0.001 mm to 0.01 mm and a line width of 0.01 mm to 0.05 mm, a lattice-shaped layer B2 formed with lines having a thickness of 0.001 mm to 0.01 mm and a line width of 0.01 mm to 0.05 mm in the gaps between the lines of the lattice-shaped layer B1, and a second layer is arranged on the existing printed matter P, a lattice-shaped layer B3 formed with lines having a thickness of 0.001 mm to 0.01 mm and a line width of 0.01 mm to 0.05 mm, and a lattice-shaped layer B4 formed with lines having a thickness of 0.001 mm to 0.01 mm and a line width of 0.01 mm to 0.05 mm in the gaps between the lines of the lattice-shaped layer B3.

Grid-like layers B1, B2, B3, and B4 are formed on printed matter P, which already has a printed pattern. The lines of the grid-like layers B1, B2, B3, and B4 are made of a transparent material that transmits light, and the lines of the grid-like layers B1, B2, B3, and B4 are made of materials with different refractive indices.

The first layer and the second layer may be laminated so that the grid lines overlap or may be laminated with a phase difference, and the number of layers is not limited to two.

Figure 4 is a diagram explaining how a printout with only the first layer appears. For example, at viewing angle 1, A1 and A2 pass straight through line B1 of the lattice layer, and color C2 is seen. A3 passes straight through line B2, and color C2 is seen. At viewing angle 2, A1' and A2' are refracted at angle a when passing through line B1, and color C2 is seen. A3' is refracted at angle b when passing through line B2, and color C3 is seen, so at viewing angle 2 it is recognized as a mixture of color C2 and color C3.

Figure 5 is a diagram explaining how a print formed by laminating a second layer on a first layer appears. When viewed from viewing angle 1, A1 passes through line B3 and line B1 and is recognized as color C2, A2 passes through line B4 and line B1 and is recognized as color C2, and A3 passes through B3 and B2 and is recognized as color C2, so color C2 is recognized at viewing angle 1. When viewed from viewing angle 2, A1' passes through line B3 at angle c, enters line B4, passes through angle d, enters line B1, passes through angle a, and is recognized as color C2. A2' passes through line B4 at angle d, enters line B3, passes through angle c, enters line B2, passes through angle b, and is recognized as color C3. When viewed from viewing angle 2, A3' passes through line B3 at angle c, enters line B2, passes through angle b, and is recognized as color C3, so when viewed from viewing angle 2, it becomes a mixture of color C3 and color C2, and color C3 is recognized as a strong mixture.

In this way, in a printed matter having a lattice-like layer formed according to the present invention, the color changes depending on the viewing angle, and the appearance changes depending on the influence of the surrounding light, giving the printed matter P a sense of texture, depth, and transparency.

The printed matter having the lattice-like layer of the present invention can be obtained by printing on an already printed matter P using a known printing method. Examples of printing methods include screen printing, screen offset printing, gravure printing, gravure offset printing, and flexographic printing.

The following resin materials are used as the ink material that forms the lattice-like layer. The numbers in parentheses indicate the refractive index of each material. For example, it is possible to use general-purpose resins such as vinyl chloride resin (1.52-1.55), acrylic resin (1.49-1.53), polyurethane resin (1.5), polyester resin (1.6), epoxy resin (1.55-1.61), nitrocellulose resin (1.61), ethyl cellulose resin (1.47), polyamide resin (1.53), phenol resin (1.58-1.66), ketone resin (1.74), maleic acid resin (1.74), and photocurable resin.

The resin material is mixed with an appropriate amount of solvents such as hydrocarbon solvents (petroleum naphtha, toluene, xylene, tetralin, turpentine oil, etc.), ester solvents (n-butyl acetate, methoxybutyl acetate, etc.), ketone solvents (MIBK, diacetone alcohol, cyclohexanone, isophorone, etc.), and polyhydric alcohol derivatives (methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, butyl cellosolve, cellosolve acetate, butyl cellosolve acetate, butyl carbitol, etc.).

Additives such as vegetable oils, surfactants, wax swelling bodies, defoamers, leveling agents, slip agents, UV absorbers, plasticizers, and hardening accelerators are mixed into the resin material as appropriate.

Below, we will explain specific examples of the present invention.

Figure 6 shows a conceptual diagram of a printing device for realizing one embodiment of the present invention. A gravure offset printing device 100 was used as the printing device for realizing the present invention. The gravure offset printing device 100 is equipped with a printing plate 101 consisting of a ridged plate, a blanket 103 for ink transfer, a doctor 106 for filling the printing plate 101 with ink 105, and a previously printed material 110.

The printing plate 101 was made of metal and had dimensions of 100 mm wide x 100 mm long, with the portion that would become the lattice-like layer engraved by etching as print pattern grooves 104. Printing plate 101a had lines with a width of 0.03 mm and a gap of 0.02 mm that would become the lattice-like layer B1, printing plate 101b had lines with a width of 0.02 mm and a gap of 0.03 mm that would become the lattice-like layer B2, printing plate 101c had lines with a width of 0.04 mm and a gap of 0.02 mm that would become the lattice-like layer B3, and printing plate 101d had lines with a width of 0.02 mm and a gap of 0.04 mm that would become the lattice-like layer B4. The previously printed matter 110 on which the pattern had already been printed was used.

The blanket 103 is fixed to the surface of a rotatable blanket cylinder 102, which is supported by a movable carriage (not shown), which is supported by a stand. The blanket 103 rolls while pressed against the printing plate 101, receiving ink 107 from the recesses of the printing plate 101 onto the surface of the blanket 103, and the received ink 108 is transferred as ink 109 by rolling while pressed against the previously printed item 110, thereby printing and forming lattice-shaped layers B1, B2, B3, and B4 on the surface of the previously printed item 110.

For printing plate 101a which will become lattice layer B1, ink 105a is used which is a vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate copolymer resin ink with a refractive index of 1.52 after curing. For printing plate 101b which will become lattice layer B2, ink 105b is used which is an acrylic resin ink with a refractive index of 1.49 after curing. For printing plate 101c which will become lattice layer B3, ink 105c is used which is a polyester resin ink with a refractive index of 1.6 after curing. For printing plate 101d which will become lattice layer B4, ink 105d is used which is a polyurethane resin ink with a refractive index of 1.5 after curing.

The pre-printed material 110 used was a sheet of transparent polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film measuring 150 mm wide x 150 mm long x 125 μm thick with a pattern already printed on it.

The printing blanket 103 used was made primarily of silicone rubber with a thickness of 0.9 mm, hardness of 20°, width of 200 mm, and length of 250 mm, and the blanket width 102 used was made of SUS304 with a body width of 220 mm and a diameter of 300 mm.

A printing method for obtaining a printed matter having a layered structure as shown in FIG. 3 according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the schematic diagram of the printing process shown in FIG.
Ink 105a is supplied onto the printing plate 101a at 0.5 g/ ^cm2 (FIG. 7A). The position where the doctor 106 and the printing plate 101a come into contact is set as the zero point of the doctor, and ink is filled 107 into the printing pattern grooves 104 while scraping off the ink 105a at a position 0.5 mm closer to the printing plate 101a from the zero point (FIG. 7B).

The position where the printing plate 101a and the blanket 103 come into contact is the zero point of the blanket cylinder 102, and the position where the blanket cylinder 102 is moved 0.5 mm closer to the printing plate 101a from the zero point is the position where the ink filler 107a of the printing plate 101a is received by the blanket 103. At this position, the blanket cylinder 102 is rotated at 50 mm/sec to receive 108a the ink filler 107a of the printing plate 101a into the blanket 103 (Figure 7(c)).

The position where the previously printed item 110 and the blanket 103 come into contact is set as the zero point of the blanket cylinder 102, and the position where the blanket cylinder 102 is moved 0.5 mm closer to the previously printed item 110 from the zero point is set as the position where the ink 108a received by the blanket 103 is transferred to the previously printed item 110. At this position, the blanket cylinder 102 is rotated at 100 mm/sec, and the ink 108a received by the blanket 103 is transferred 109a to the previously printed item 110, completing the printing (Figure 7(d)).

The printed matter 110 with the ink 109a printed thereon is removed from the device and heated at approximately 100°C for 30 minutes to harden the ink 109a. When the printing process is carried out using the printing plate 101a and the ink 105a, a lattice-shaped layer B1 made of polyvinyl chloride resin as shown in FIG. 3 is formed.

Next, the already printed object 110 is fixed to the printing plate 111, and the printing plate 101b for the lattice-shaped layer B2 is fixed. The printing position is adjusted so that the lines of the printing plate 101b are printed in the gaps between the lines of the lattice-shaped layer B1 formed on the already printed object 110. Acrylic resin ink 105b is supplied to the printing plate 101b at 0.5 g/ ^cm2 , and the steps of Figures 7(a) to 7(d) are performed, whereby the lattice-shaped layer B2 pattern 109b is transferred to the already printed object 110 and printing is completed.

The printed matter 110 with the ink 109b is removed from the device and heated at about 100°C for 15 minutes to harden the ink 109b. A first layer is formed on the printed matter 110, which is made up of a lattice-shaped layer B1 made of polyvinyl chloride resin and a lattice-shaped layer B2 made of acrylic resin, as shown in Figure 3.

The already printed material 110 on which the lattice-shaped layers B1 and B2 are printed is fixed to a printing plate 111, and the printing plate 101c for the lattice-shaped layer B3 is fixed. The printing position is adjusted so that the lines of the printing plate 101c are printed at a position that intersects with the lines of the lattice-shaped layer B1 formed on the already printed material 110. Polyester resin ink 105c is supplied to the printing plate 101c at 0.5 g/ ^cm2 , and the steps of Figures 7(a) to 7(d) are carried out, whereby the lattice-shaped layer B3 pattern 109c is transferred to the already printed material 110 and printing is completed.

The printed matter 110 with the ink 109c printed on it is removed from the device and heated at about 120°C for 30 minutes to harden the ink 109c. A lattice-shaped layer B3 made of polyester resin is formed on the first layer of the printed matter 110, which is made of a lattice-shaped layer B1 made of vinyl chloride resin and a lattice-shaped layer B2 made of acrylic resin, as shown in Figure 3.

The previously printed matter 110, on which the first layer of the lattice-like layers B1 and B2 and the lattice-like layer B3 formed of polyvinyl chloride resin are printed on top of it, is fixed to a printing platen 111, and the printing plate 101d for the lattice-like layer B4 is fixed. The printing position is adjusted so that the lines of the printing plate 101d are printed in the gaps between the lines of the lattice-like layer B3 formed on the previously printed matter 110. Polyurethane resin ink 105d is supplied to the printing plate 101d at 0.5 g/ ^cm2, and the steps of Figures 7(a) to 7(d) are performed, whereby the lattice-like layer B4 pattern 109d is transferred to the previously printed matter 110 and printing is completed.

The printed matter 110 with the ink 109d printed thereon is removed from the device and heated at approximately 80°C for 60 minutes to harden the ink 109d. A second layer is formed on the printed matter 110, which is a first layer formed of a lattice-shaped layer B1 made of polyvinyl chloride resin and a lattice-shaped layer B2 made of acrylic resin as shown in Figure 3, and a second layer is formed on the lattice-shaped layer B3 made of polyester resin and a lattice-shaped layer B4 made of polyurethane resin. This results in a printed matter with the laminated structure of the present invention as shown in Figure 3.

As a result, we were able to obtain a printed matter according to this embodiment. The color and texture change depending on the viewing angle and amount of light, something that could not be achieved with conventional printing methods, and we were able to obtain a printed matter that can express the texture, depth, and transparency of an object, even though it is a printed matter.

A1: Vertical field of view 1
A2: Vertical field of view 2
A3: Vertical field of view 3
A1': Oblique field of view 1
A2': Oblique field of view 2
A3': Oblique field of view 3
B1: Lattice layer 1
B2: Lattice layer 2
B3: Lattice layer 3
B4: Lattice layer 4
C2: Color 1 of already printed matter
C3: Color 2 of already printed material
Q: Protective film a: Refraction angle 1
b...Refraction angle 2
c...refractive angle 3
d...Refraction angle 4
1: Vertical viewing angle 2: Oblique viewing angle 100: Printing device 101a: Printing plate of lattice-shaped layer B1 101b: Printing plate of lattice-shaped layer B2 101c: Printing plate of lattice-shaped layer B3 101d: Printing plate of lattice-shaped layer B4 102: Blanket cylinder 103: Blanket 104: Pattern groove 105a: Ink of lattice-shaped layer B1 105b: Ink of lattice-shaped layer B2 105c: Ink of lattice-shaped layer B3 105d: Ink of lattice-shaped layer B4 106: Doctor 107a: Filling ink of lattice-shaped layer B1 07b...filling ink of lattice-shaped layer B2 107c...filling ink of lattice-shaped layer B3 107d...filling ink of lattice-shaped layer B4 108a...receiving ink of lattice-shaped layer B1 108b...receiving ink of lattice-shaped layer B2 108c...receiving ink of lattice-shaped layer B3 108d...receiving ink of lattice-shaped layer B4 109a...printing pattern of lattice-shaped layer B1 109b...printing pattern of lattice-shaped layer B2 109c...printing pattern of lattice-shaped layer B3 109d...printing pattern of lattice-shaped layer B4 110...previously printed matter 111...printing plate

Claims (6)

The surface of the printed matter has at least two types of lattice-like layers,
The lattice layer is formed of lattice lines through which light can pass, the line width being 0.05 mm or less, and the line thickness being 0.01 mm or less,
A printed matter characterized in that the distance between two adjacent lines is 0.05 mm or less. The printed matter according to claim 1, characterized in that the grid-like layer is formed of continuous or intermittent grid-like lines. The printed matter according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the lattice lines forming one layer are arranged in the gaps between the lattice lines forming the other layer. The printed matter according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the lattice lines forming one layer and the lattice lines forming the other layer of the lattice layers have different refractive indices. The printed matter according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that one or more of the at least two types of lattice-shaped layers are laminated. The printed matter described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the grid-like layer is formed directly on an already printed matter.