JP7680374B2 - Pesticide granule composition for application to rice seedling boxes with reduced chemical damage - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a pesticide granule composition for application to rice seedling boxes that reduces chemical damage, and a method for producing the same.

Technology background

When using pesticides, it is preferable to reduce the amount or frequency of use of the pesticide from the viewpoint of labor saving and reducing the environmental load. In response to such demands, in transplanted rice cultivation, seedling box treatment is carried out in which the pesticide used in the main field is applied to the seedling box so that its effect is exerted in the main field after transplantation. However, when seedlings are treated with normal granular pesticides, there are cases where the eluted or released pesticide active ingredients or other ingredients cause phytotoxicity such as delayed or poor seedling growth. For this reason, there is a demand for the development of a seedling box treatment agent that does not cause or reduces phytotoxicity to young seedlings during the seedling raising period.

To date, pesticide formulations have been reported that aim to reduce phytotoxicity caused by contact between seedlings and pesticide active ingredients in seedling boxes by suppressing the elution of pesticide active ingredients (Patent Documents 1, 2, and 3). As a method other than elution control, pesticide formulations that aim to reduce phytotoxicity to seedlings by adding specific substances have also been reported (Patent Document 4).

JP 2012-111752 A Special Publication No. 2012-508713 JP 2012-17271 A JP 2009-221108 A

The object of the present invention is to provide a pesticide formulation composition that has an excellent effect of reducing damage caused by pesticide active ingredients that are at high risk of causing poor growth of rice seedlings.

Means for solving the problem

The inventors discovered that a pesticide granule composition for application to rice seedling boxes, which contains a pesticide active ingredient, an alkylnaphthalenesulfonic acid derivative, pregelatinized starch, and a smectite mineral, has an excellent effect of reducing damage caused by pesticides, and thus completed the present invention.

The present invention provides the following solutions:

[1] A pesticide granule composition for application to rice seedling boxes, characterized by containing a pesticide active ingredient, an alkylnaphthalenesulfonic acid derivative, pregelatinized starch, and a smectite mineral.

[2] A pesticide granule composition as described in [1], in which the content of the pesticide active ingredient is 1 to 30 weight percent.

[3] An agrochemical granule composition described in [1] or [2], in which the content of the alkylnaphthalenesulfonic acid derivative is 0.1 to 2.0 weight percent.

[4] An agrochemical granule composition described in any of [1] to [3], wherein the content of pregelatinized starch is 0.1 to 10 weight percent.

[5] An agrochemical granular composition described in any of [1] to [4], wherein the smectite mineral is bentonite.

[6] An agrochemical granule composition described in any of [1] to [5], wherein the content of smectite mineral is 1 to 50 weight percent.

When applied to rice seedling boxes, the pesticide granular composition of the present invention can reduce the damage caused by ingredients containing pesticide active ingredients.

The present invention provides an agricultural chemical granule composition for application to rice seedling boxes, which is characterized by containing an agricultural chemical active ingredient, an alkylnaphthalenesulfonic acid derivative, a smectite mineral, and pregelatinized starch.

A pesticide active ingredient in the context of the present invention means an insecticide, acaricide, nematicide, fungicide, bactericide, molluscicide, microbiocide, beneficial organism, apple snail killer, herbicide, bird repellent, plant strengthener, sterilizer, semiochemical and/or plant growth regulator.

Insecticides/Acaricides/Nematocides The active ingredients identified herein by "common name" are known and are described, for example, in "The Pesticide Manual", 16th ed., British Crop Protection Council 2012, or can be found on the internet (e.g., http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides). The classification is based on the IRAC Mode of Action Classification Scheme applicable at the time of filing this patent application.

(1) Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, for example:
Carbamates, such as alanycarb, aldicarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, formetanate, furathiocarb, isoprocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb, oxamyl, pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox, triazamate, trimethacarb, XMC, and xylylcarb; or
Organic phosphate esters, for example, acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos-ethyl, azinphos-methyl, cadusafos, chlorethoxyphos, chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, coumaphos, cyanophos, demeton-S-methyl, diazinon, dichlorvos/DDVP, dicrotophos, dimethoate, dimethylvinphos, disulfoton, EPN, ethion, ethoprophos, famfur, fenamiphos, fenitrothion, fenthion, fosthiazate, heptenophos, imicyaphos, isofenphos, O-(methoxyaminothiophos folyl) isopropyl salicylate, isoxathion, malathion, mecarbam, methamidophos, methidathion, mevinphos, monocrotophos, naled, omethoate, oxydemeton-methyl, parathion-methyl, phenthoate, phorate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, phoxim, pirimiphos-methyl, profenofos, propetamphos, prothiofos, pyraclofos, pyridaphenthion, quinalphos, sulfotep, tebupirimphos, temephos, terbufos, tetrachlorvinphos, thiometon, triazophos, trichlorfon, and vamidothion.

(2) GABA-regulated chloride channel blockers, e.g.,
Cyclodienes-organochlorines, such as chlordane and endosulfan; or
13. Phenylpyrazoles (Fiproles) such as Ethiprole, and Fipronil.

(3) Sodium channel modulators, for example:
Pyrethroids, for example acrinathrin, allethrin, d-cis-trans allethrin, d-trans allethrin, bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin S-cyclopentenyl isomer, bioresmethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin [(1R)-trans isomer], deltamethrin, empenthrin [(EZ)-(1R) isomer], esfenvalerate, etofenprox, Fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, flucythrinate, flumethrin, tau-fluvalinate, halfenprox, imiprothrin, kadethrin, momfluorothrin, permethrin, fenothrin [(1R)-trans isomer], prallethrin, pyrethrins (pyrethrum), resmethrin, silafluofen, tefluthrin, tetramethrin, tetramethrin [(1R) isomer], tralomethrin, and transfluthrin; or
DDT; or methoxychlor.

(4) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulators, such as
Neonicotinoids, such as acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid, and thiamethoxam; or
Nicotine; or
Sulfoxaflor or flupyradifurone.

(5) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric modulators, for example:
13. Spinosyns such as Spinetoram and Spinosad.

(6) GluCl-regulated chloride channel (GluCl) allosteric modulators, for example:
13. Avermectins/Milbemcyins such as Abamectin, Emamectin Benzoate, Lepimectin, and Milbemectin.

(7) Juvenile hormone mimetics, e.g.
Juvenile hormone analogs, such as hydroprene, kinoprene, and methoprene; or
Fenoxycarb; or pyriproxyfen.

(8) Various unspecified (multi-site) inhibitors, e.g.,
Alkyl halides, such as methyl bromide and other alkyl halides; or
Chloropicrin; or sulfuryl fluoride; or borax; or tartar emetic; or
Methyl isocyanate generators such as diazomet and metham.

(9) Chordotonal organ modulators, e.g.
Pymetrozine; or flonicamide.

(10) Mite growth inhibitors, for example
Clofentezine, hexythiazox, and diflovidazine; or
Etoxazole.

(11) Microbial disruptors of the insect midgut membrane, e.g.
Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies tenebrionis tenebrionis), and Bt plant proteins: Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1Fa, Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab, Vip3A, mCry3A, Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb, Cry34Ab1/35Ab1.

(12) Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase, e.g., ATP disruptors, e.g.,
Diafenthiuron; or
Organotin compounds, such as azocyclotin, cyhexatin, and fenbutatin oxide; or
Propargite; or tetradifon.

(13) Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation by disrupting the proton gradient, e.g.
Chlorfenapyr, DNOC, and sulfluramide.

(14) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blockers, for example,
Bensultap, Cartap hydrochloride, Thiosultap-sodium.

(15) Chitin biosynthesis inhibitors (type 0), for example:
Bistrifluron, chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, teflubenzuron, and triflumuron.

(16) Chitin biosynthesis inhibitors (type 1), for example:
Buprofezin.

(17) Molting disruptors (especially in the case of Diptera), e.g.
Cyromazine.

(18) Ecdysone receptor agonists, for example
Chromafenozide, halofenozide, methoxyfenozide, and tebufenozide.

(19) Octopamine receptor agonists, for example
Amitraz.

(20) Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors, for example:
hydramethylnon; or acequinocyl; or fluacrypyrim.

(21) Mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors, for example
METI acaricides, such as fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyrimidifen, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad, and tolfenpyrad; or
Rotenone (Derris).

(22) Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers, for example
Indoxacarb; or metaflumizone.

(23) Acetyl CoA carboxylase inhibitors, for example
Tetronic acid derivatives and tetramic acid derivatives, such as spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, and spirotetramat.

(24) Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitors, for example
Phosphine-based, such as aluminum phosphide, calcium phosphide, phosphine, and zinc phosphide; or
Cyanide, calcium cyanide, potassium cyanide, and sodium cyanide.

(25) Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors, for example
β-Ketonitrile derivatives such as Cyenopyrafen and Cyflumetofen, and carboxanilides such as Piflubumid.

(28) Ryanodine receptor modulators, for example
Diamides such as chlorantraniliprole, cyantranilprole, flubendiamide, tetraniliprole, and tetrachlorantraniliprole.

Further active ingredients, such as afidopiropen, afoxolaner, azadirachtin, impurfluxam, benclotiaz, benzoximate, bifenazate, broflanilide, bromopropylate, quinomethionate, chloroprallethrin, cryolite, cyclaniliprole, cycloxaprid, cyhalodiamide, dichloromezotiaz, dicofol, epsilon metofluthrin, epsilon momfluthrin momfluthrin), flometoquin, fluazaindolizine, fluensulfone, flufenerim, flufenoxystrobin, flufiprole, fluhexafon, fluopyram, fluralaner, fluxamethamide, fufenozide, guadipyr, heptafluthrin, imidaclothide, iprodione, κ-bifenthrin, κ - tefluthrin, lotilaner, meperfluthrin, paichongding, pyridalyl, pyrifluquinazone, pyriminostrobin, spirobudiclofen, tetramethylfluthrin, thioxazaphen, thiofluoximate, triflumezopyrim and iodomethane; also Bacillus firmus firmus) (I-1582, BioNeem, Votivo), and the following compounds: 1-{2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)sulfinyl]phenyl}-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-amine (known from WO 2006/043635) (CAS 885026-50-6), {1'-[(2E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]-5-fluorospiro[indol-3,4'-piperidine]-1(2H)-yl}(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)methanone (known from WO 2003/106457) (CAS 637360-23-7), 2-chloro-N-[2-{1-[(2E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]piperidin-4-yl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]isonicotinamide (known from WO2006/003494) (CAS 872999-66-1), 3-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-4-hydroxy-8-methoxy-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one (known from WO2010052161) (CAS 1225292-17-0), 3-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-8-methoxy-2-oxo-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-4-yl Ethyl carbonate (known from EP 2647626) (CAS-1440516-42-6), 4-(but-2-yn-1-yloxy)-6-(3,5-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl)-5-fluoropyrimidine (known from WO 2004/099160) (CAS 792914-58-0), PF1364 (known from JP 2010/018586) (CAS Reg. No. 1204776-60-2), N-[(2E)-1-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]pyridin-2(1H)-ylidene]-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide (known from WO 2012/029672) (CAS 1363400-41-2), (3E)-3-[1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl]-2-pyridylidene]-1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-one (known from WO2013/144213) (CAS 1461743-15-6), N-[3-(benzylcarbamoyl)-4-chlorophenyl]-1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (known from WO2010/051926) (CAS 1226889-14-0), 5-bromo-4-chloro-N-[4-chloro-2-methyl-6-(methylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide (known from CN 103232431) (CAS 1449220-44-3), 4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-2-methyl-N-(cis-1-oxido-3-thietanyl)benzamide, 4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-2-methyl-N-(trans-1-oxido-3-thietanyl)benzamide and 4-[(5S)-5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-2-methyl-N-(cis-1-oxido-3-thietanyl)benzamide (known from WO2013/050317A1) (CAS 1332628-83-7), N-[3-chloro-1-(3-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-N-ethyl-3-[(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)sulfinyl]propanamide, (+)-N-[3-chloro-1-(3-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-N-ethyl-3-[(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)sulfinyl]propanamide and (-)-N-[3-chloro-1-(3-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-N-ethyl-3-[(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)sulfinyl]propanamide (known from WO2013/162715A2, WO2013/162716A2, US2014/0213448A1) (CAS 1477923-37-7), 5-[[(2E)-3-chloro-2-propen-1-yl]amino]-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (known from CN 101337937A) (CAS 1105672-77-2), 3-bromo-N-[4-chloro-2-methyl-6-[(methylamino)thioxomethyl]phenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide, (Liudaibenjiaxuanan, known from CN 103109816A) (CAS 1232543-85-9); N-[4-chloro-2-[[(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino]carbonyl]-6-methylphenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-3-(fluoromethoxy)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (known from WO2012/034403A1) (CAS 1268277-22-0), N-[2-(5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-4-chloro-6-methylphenyl]-3-bromo-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (known from WO2011/085575A1) (CAS 1233882-22-8), 4-[3-[2,6-dichloro-4-[(3,3-dichloro-2-propen-1-yl)oxy]phenoxy]propoxy]-2-methoxy-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine (CN 101337940A) (known from CAS 1108184-52-6); (2E)- and 2(Z)-2-[2-(4-cyanophenyl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene]-N-[4-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]hydrazinecarboxamide (known from CN 101715774A) (known from CAS 1232543-85-9); cyclopropanecarboxylic acid 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-4-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)phenyl ester (known from CN 103524422A) (CAS 1542271-46-4); (4aS)-7-chloro-2,5-dihydro-2-[[(methoxycarbonyl)[4-[(trifluoromethyl)thio]phenyl]amino]carbonyl]indeno[1,2-e][1,3,4]oxadiazine-4a(3H)-carboxylic acid methyl ester (known from CN 102391261A) (CAS 1370358-69-2); 6-deoxy-3-O-ethyl-2,4-di-O-methyl-1-[N-[4-[1-[4-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]carbamate]-α-L-mannopyranose (known from US 2014/0275503 A1) (CAS 1181213-14-8); 8-(2-cyclopropylmethoxy-4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-3-(6-trifluoromethylpyridazin-3-yl)-3-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane (CAS 1253850-56-4), (8-anti)-8-(2-cyclopropylmethoxy-4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-3-(6-trifluoromethylpyridazin-3-yl)-3-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane (CAS 933798-27-7), (8-syn)-8-(2-cyclopropylmethoxy-4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-3-(6-trifluoromethylpyridazin-3-yl)-3-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane (known from WO2007040280A1 and WO2007040282A1) (CAS 934001-66-8), and N-[3-chloro-1-(3-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-N-ethyl-3-[(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)thio]propanamide (known from WO2015/058021A1, WO2015/058028A1) (CAS 1477919-27-9).

Fungicides The active ingredients identified herein by "common name" are known and are described, for example, in the "Pesticide Manual" (16th Ed., British Crop Protection Council) or can be found on the internet (e.g., http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides).

All components described in classes (1) to (15) may optionally form salts with suitable bases or acids, if possible based on their functional groups. All fungicide mixture components described in classes (1) to (15) may optionally include tautomeric forms.

(1) Inhibitors of ergosterol biosynthesis, for example: (1.001) cyproconazole, (1.002) difenoconazole, (1.003) epoxiconazole, (1.004) fenhexamid, (1.005) fenpropidin, (1.006) fenpropimorph, (1.007) fenpyrazamine, (1.008) fluquinconazole, (1.009) Flutriafol, (1.010) Imazalil, (1.011) Imazalil sulfate, (1.012) Ipconazole, (1.013) Metconazole, (1.014) Myclobutanil, (1.015) Paclobutrazol, (1.016) Prochloraz, (1.017) Propiconazole, (1.018) Prothioconazole, (1.019) Pyrisoxazo 1.020) spiroxamine, (1.021) tebuconazole, (1.022) tetraconazole, (1.023) triadimenol, (1.024) tridemorph, (1.025) triticonazole, (1.026) (1R,2S,5S)-5-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-(chloromethyl)-2-methyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentanol, (1.027) (1S,2R,5R)-5-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-(chloromethyl)-2-methyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentanol, (1.028) (2R)-2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-4-[(1R)-2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl]- 1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol (1.029) (2R)-2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-4-[(1S)-2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol, (1.030) (2R)-2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol, (1.031) (2S)-2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-4-[(1R)-2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol, (1.032) (2S)-2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl )-4-[(1S)-2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol, (1.033) (2S)-2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol, (1.034) (R)-[3-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,2-oxazol-4-yl](pyridin-3-yl)methanol, (1.035) (S)-[3-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,2-oxazol-4-yl](pyridin-3-yl)methanol, (1.036) [3-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,2-oxazol-4-yl](pyridin-3-yl)methanol, (1.037) 1-({(2R,4S)-2-[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl}methyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole, (1.038) 1-({(2S,4S)-2-[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl}methyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole, (1.039) 1-{[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-1H-1,2 ,4-triazol-5-yl thiocyanate, (1.040) 1-{[rel(2R,3R)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl thiocyanate, (1.041) 1-{[rel(2R,3S)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl thiocyanate, (1.042) 2-[(2R,4R,5R)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.04 3) 2-[(2R,4R,5S)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.044) 2-[(2R,4S,5R)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl ]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.045) 2-[(2R,4S,5S)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.046) 2-[(2S,4R,5R)-1-(2,4- dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.047) 2-[(2S,4R,5S)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione 2-[(2S,4S,5R)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.049) 2-[(2S,4S,5S)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6 -trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.050) 2-[1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.051) 2-[2-chloro-4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenyl]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol, (1.052) 2-[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol, (1.053) 2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)furan phenyl]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol, (1.054) 2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pentan-2-ol, (1.055) 2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol, (1.056) 2-{[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.057) 2-{[rel(2R,3R)-3-(2-chlorophenyl )-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.058) 2-{[rel(2R,3S)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.059) 5-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-(chloromethyl)-2-methyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentanol, (1.060) 5-(arylsulfanyl)-1-{[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-1H-1,2, 4-Triazole, (1.061) 5-(arylsulfanyl)-1-{[rel(2R,3R)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-1H-1,2,4-triazole, (1.062) 5-(arylsulfanyl)-1-{[rel(2R,3S)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-1H-1,2,4-triazole, (1.063) N'-(2,5-dimethyl-4-{[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]sulfanyl}phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.064) N'-(2,5-dimethyl-4-{[3-( 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl]sulfanyl}phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.065) N'-(2,5-dimethyl-4-{[3-(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropoxy)phenyl]sulfanyl}phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.066) N'-(2,5-dimethyl-4-{[3-(pentafluoroethoxy)phenyl]sulfanyl}phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.067) N'-(2,5-dimethyl-4-{3-[(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl)sulfanyl]phenoxy}phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.068) N'-(2, 5-Dimethyl-4-{3-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)sulfanyl]phenoxy}phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.069) N'-(2,5-dimethyl-4-{3-[(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl)sulfanyl]phenoxy}phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.070) N'-(2,5-dimethyl-4-{3-[(pentafluoroethyl)sulfanyl]phenoxy}phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.071) N'-(2,5-dimethyl-4-phenoxyphenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.072) N'-(4-{[3-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.073) N'-(4-{3-[(difluoromethyl)sulfanyl]phenoxy}-2,5-dimethylphenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.074) N'-[5-bromo-6-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yloxy)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl]-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.075) N'-{4-[(4,5-dichloro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)oxy]-2,5-dimethylphenyl}-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.076) N'-{5-bromo-6-[(1R)-1-(3,5-difluoro phenyl)ethoxy]-2-methylpyridin-3-yl}-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.077) N'-{5-bromo-6-[(1S)-1-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethoxy]-2-methylpyridin-3-yl}-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.078) N'-{5-bromo-6-[(cis-4-isopropylcyclohexyl)oxy]-2-methylpyridin-3-yl}-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.079) N'-{5-bromo-6-[(trans-4-isopropylcyclohexyl)oxy]-2-methylpyridin-3-yl}-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.080) N'-{5-bromo-6-[1
-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethoxy]-2-methylpyridin-3-yl}-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide.

(2) Inhibitors of the respiratory chain in complex I or complex II, for example: (2.001) benzovindiflupyr, (2.002) bixafen, (2.003) boscalid, (2.004) carboxin, (2.005) fluopyram, (2.006) flutolanil, (2.007) fluxapyroxad, (2.008) furametpyr, (2.009) isofetamide, (2.010) isopyrazam (anti-epimer enantiomer 1R,4S,9S), (2.011) isopyrazam (anti-epimer enantiomer 1S,4R,9R), (2.012) isopyrazam (anti-epimer racemic compound 1RS,4SR,9SR), (2.013) Isopyrazam (mixture of syn-epimeric racemate (1RS,4SR,9RS) and anti-epimeric racemate (1RS,4SR,9SR)), (2.014) Isopyrazam (syn-epimeric enantiomer 1R,4S,9R), (2.015) Isopyrazam (syn-epimeric enantiomer 1S,4R,9S), (2.016) Isopyrazam (syn-epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9RS), (2.017) penflufen, (2.018) penthiopyrad, (2.019) pydiflumetofen, (2.020) pyraziflumid, (2.021) sedaxane, (2.022) 1,3-dimethyl-N-(1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.023) 1,3-dimethyl- N-[(3R)-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.024) 1,3-dimethyl-N-[(3S)-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.025) 1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-N-[2'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2-yl ]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.026) 2-fluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl)-N-(1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl)benzamide, (2.027) 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-(1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.028) 3-(difluoromethyl (3R)-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.029) 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[(3S)-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.030) 3-(difluoromethyl)-N-(7-fluoro-1,1,3 -trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.031) 3-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3R)-7-fluoro-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.032) 3-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3S)-7-fluoro-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide Methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.033) 5,8-difluoro-N-[2-(2-fluoro-4-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy}phenyl)ethyl]quinazolin-4-amine, (2.034) N-(2-cyclopentyl-5-fluorobenzyl)-N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro b-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.035) N-(2-tert-butyl-5-methylbenzyl)-N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.036) N-(2-tert-butylbenzyl)-N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide , (2.037) N-(5-chloro-2-ethylbenzyl)-N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.038) N-(5-chloro-2-isopropylbenzyl)-N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.039) N-[(1R,4S)-9-(dichloro methylene)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,4-methanonaphthalen-5-yl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.040) N-[(1S,4R)-9-(dichloromethylene)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,4-methanonaphthalen-5-yl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.041) N-[1- (2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxypropan-2-yl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.042) N-[2-chloro-6-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.043) N-[3-chloro-2-fluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl) (2.044) N-[5-chloro-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.045) N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide ethyl-N-[5-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.046) N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-N-(2-fluoro-6-isopropylbenzyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.047) N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-N-(2-isopropyl-5-methylbenzyl )-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.048) N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-N-(2-isopropylbenzyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbothioamide, (2.049) N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-N-(2-isopropylbenzyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.050) N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-N-(5-fluoro-2-isopropylbenzyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.051) N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-N-(2-ethyl-4,5-dimethylbenzyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.052) N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)- N-(2-ethyl-5-fluorobenzyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.053) N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-N-(2-ethyl-5-methylbenzyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.054) N-cyclopropyl-N-(2-cyclopropyl-5-fluorobenzyl)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro Fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.055) N-cyclopropyl-N-(2-cyclopropyl-5-methylbenzyl)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.056) N-cyclopropyl-N-(2-cyclopropylbenzyl)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide.

(3) Inhibitors of the respiratory chain in complex III, for example, (3.001) amethoctrazine, (3.002) amisulbrom, (3.003) azoxystrobin, (3.004) coumethoxystrobin, (3.005) cumoxystrobin, (3.006) cyazofamid, (3.007) dimoxystrobin, (3.008) enoxastrobin, (3.009) famoxadone, (3.010) fenamidone, (3. 011) flufenoxystrobin, (3.012) fluoxastrobin, (3.013) kresoxim-methyl, (3.014) metominostrobin, (3.015) orysastrobin, (3.016) picoxystrobin, (3.017) pyraclostrobin, (3.018) pyrametostrobin, (3.019) pyraoxystrobin, (3.020) trifloxystrobin, (3.021) (2E)-2-{ 2-[({[(1E)-1-(3-{[(E)-1-fluoro-2-phenylvinyl]oxy}phenyl)ethylidene]amino}oxy)methyl]phenyl}-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methylacetamide, (3.022) (2E,3Z)-5-{[1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]oxy}-2-(methoxyimino)-N,3-dimethylpent-3-enamide, (3.023) (2R)-2-{2-[(2,5-dimethyl (3.024) (2S)-2-{2-[(2,5-dimethylphenoxy)methyl]phenyl}-2-methoxy-N-methylacetamide, (3.025) (3S,6S,7R,8R)-8-benzyl-3-[({3-[(isobutyryloxy)methoxy]-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl}carbonyl)amino]-6-methyl-4,9-dioxo-1,5-dioxonan-7-yl 2-Methylpropanoate, (3.026) 2-{2-[(2,5-dimethylphenoxy)methyl]phenyl}-2-methoxy-N-methylacetamide, (3.027) N-(3-ethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl)-3-formamido-2-hydroxybenzamide, (3.028) (2E,3Z)-5-{[1-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]oxy}-2-(methoxyimino)-N,3-dimethylpent-3-enamide.

(4) Mitosis and cell division inhibitors, for example: (4.001) carbendazim, (4.002) diethofencarb, (4.003) ethaboxam, (4.004) fluopicolide, (4.005) pencycuron, (4.006) thiabendazole, (4.007) thiophanate-methyl, (4.008) zoxamide, (4.009) 3-chloro-4-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-6-methyl-5-phenylpyridazine, (4.010) 3-chloro-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-6-methylpyridazine, (4.011) 3-chloro-5-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)-6-methyl-4-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)pyridazine, (4.012) ) 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.013) 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-bromo-6-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.014) 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-bromophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.015) 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.016) 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-chlorophenyl)- 1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.017) 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.018) 4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.019) 4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.020) 4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.021) 4-(2-chloro-4 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.022) 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-3,6-dimethylpyridazine, (4.023) N-(2-bromo-6-fluorophenyl)-4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.024) N-(2-bromophenyl)-4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.025) N-(4-chloro-2,6-difluorophenyl)-4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine.

(5) Compounds capable of exhibiting activity at multiple sites, for example, (5.001) Bordeaux mixture, (5.002) captafol, (5.003) captan, (5.004) chlorothalonil, (5.005) copper hydroxide, (5.006) copper naphthenate, (5.007) copper oxide, (5.008) basic copper chloride, (5.009) copper sulfate (2+), (5.010) dithianone, (5.011) dodine, (5.012) folpet, (5.013) mancozeb, (5.014) maneb, (5.015) metiram, (5.016) metiram zinc, (5.017) oxine copper oxine), (5.018) propineb, (5.019) sulfur and sulfur agents, for example, calcium polysulfide, (5.020) thiuram, (5.021) zineb, (5.022) ziram.

(6) Compounds capable of inducing host defenses, for example, (6.001) acibenzolar-S-methyl, (6.002) isotianil, (6.003) probenazole, (6.004) thiadinil.

(7) Inhibitors of amino acid and/or protein biosynthesis, for example, (7.001) cyprodinil, (7.002) kasugamycin, (7.003) kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate, (7.004) oxytetracycline, (7.005) pyrimethanil, (7.006) 3-(5-fluoro-3,3,4,4-tetramethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1-yl)quinoline.

(8) ATP production inhibitors, for example, (8.001) silthiofam.

(9) Cell wall synthesis inhibitors, for example, (9.001) benthiavalicarb, (9.002) dimethomorph, (9.003) flumorph, (9.004) iprovalicarb, (9.005) mandipropamide, (9.006) pyrimorph, (9.007) valifenalate, (9.008) (2E)-3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)-1-(morpholin-4-yl)prop-2-en-1-one, (9.009) (2Z)-3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)-1-(morpholin-4-yl)prop-2-en-1-one.

(10) Inhibitors of lipid and membrane synthesis, for example, (10.001) propamocarb, (10.002) propamocarb hydrochloride, (10.003) tolclofos-methyl.

(11) Melanin biosynthesis inhibitors, for example, (11.001) tricyclazole, (11.002) 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl{3-methyl-1-[(4-methylbenzoyl)amino]butan-2-yl}carbamate.

(12) Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors, for example, (12.001) benalaxyl, (12.002) benalaxyl-M (chiralaxyl), (12.003) metalaxyl, (12.004) metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam).

(13) Signal transduction inhibitors, for example: (13.001) fludioxonil, (13.002) iprodione, (13.003) procymidone, (13.004) proquinazid, (13.005) quinoxyfen, (13.006) vinclozolin.

(14) Compounds which may act as uncouplers, for example, (14.001) fluazinam, (14.002) meptyldinocap.

(15) Further compounds, for example (15.001) abscisic acid, (15.002) benthazole, (15.003) bethoxazin, (15.004) capsimycin, (15.005) carvone, (15.006) quinomethionate, (15.007) khuraneb, (15.008) cyflufenamid, (15.009) cymoxanil, (15.010) cyprosulfamide, (15.011) flutianil, (15.0 12) fosetyl aluminium, (15.013) fosetyl calcium, (15.014) fosetyl sodium, (15.015) methyl isothiocyanate, (15.016) metrafenone, (15.017) mildiomycin, (15.018) natamycin, (15.019) nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate, (15.020) nitrothal isopropyl, (15.021) oxamocarb, (15. 022) oxathiapiproline, (15.023) oxyfenthiin, (15.024) pentachlorophenol and its salts, (15.025) phosphonic acid and its salts, (15.026) propamocarb-fosetylate, (15.027) pyriophenone (chlazafenone), (15.028) tebufloquine, (15.029) teclofenol, Futaram, (15.030) tolnifanide, (15.031) 1-(4-{4-[(5R)-5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}piperidin-1-yl)-2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]ethanone, (15.032) 1-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro hydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}piperidin-1-yl)-2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]ethanone, (15.033) 2-(6-benzylpyridin-2-yl)quinazoline, (15.034) 2,6-dimethyl-1H,5H-[1,4]dithiino[2,3-c:5,6-c']dipyrrole-1,3,5,7(2H,6H)-tetrone, (15.0 35) 2-[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-1-[4-(4-{5-[2-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl}-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethanone, (15.036) 2-[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-1-[4-(4-{5-[2-chloro-6-(prop -2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl}-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethanone, (15.037) 2-[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]-1-[4-(4-{5-[2-fluoro-6-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl}-1,3-thiazol -2-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethanone, (15.038) 2-[6-(3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methylpyridin-2-yl]quinazoline, (15.039) 2-{(5R)-3-[2-(1-{[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl}piperidin-4-yl)-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-yl}-3-chlorophenyl Methanesulfonate, (15.040) 2-{(5S)-3-[2-(1-{[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl}piperidin-4-yl)-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-yl}-3-chlorophenyl methanesulfonate, (15.041) 2-{2-[(7,8-difluoro-2-methylquinolin-3-yl)oxy]-6-fluorophenyl}propan-2-ol, (15.042) 2-{2-fluoro-6-[(8-fluoro-2-methylquinolin-3-yl)oxy]phenyl}propan-2-ol, (15.043) 2-{3-[2-(1-{[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl}piperidin-4-yl)-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-yl}-3-chlorophenyl methanesulfonate, (15.044) 2-{3-[2-(1-{[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]acetyl}piperidin-4-yl)-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-yl}phenyl methanesulfonate, (15.045) 2-phenylphenol and its salts, (15.046) 3-(4,4,5-trifluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1-yl)quinoline, (15.047) 3-(4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1-yl)quinoline, (15.048) 4-amino-5-fluoro Fluoropyrimidin-2-ol (tautomeric form: 4-amino-5-fluoropyrimidin-2(1H)-one), (15.049) 4-oxo-4-[(2-phenylethyl)amino]butyric acid, (15.050) 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol, (15.051) 5-chloro-N'-phenyl-N'-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)thiophene 2-Sulfonohydrazide, (15.052) 5-Fluoro-2-[(4-fluorobenzyl)oxy]pyrimidin-4-amine, (15.053) 5-Fluoro-2-[(4-methylbenzyl)oxy]pyrimidin-4-amine, (15.054) 9-Fluoro-2,2-dimethyl-5-(quinolin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzoxazepine, (15.055) but-3-yn-1-yl{6-[({[(Z)-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)(phenyl)methylene]amino}oxy)methyl]pi lysine-2-yl}carbamate, (15.056) ethyl (2Z)-3-amino-2-cyano-3-phenylacrylate, (15.057) phenazine-1-carboxylic acid, (15.058) propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate, (15.059) quinolin-8-ol, (15.060) quinolin-8-ol sulfate (2:1), (15.061) tert-butyl {6-[({[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)(phenyl)methylene]amino}oxy)methyl]pyridin-2-yl}carbamate.

Microbial agents, beneficial organisms include, inter alia, bacteria, fungi, yeasts, plant extracts and products formed by microorganisms (e.g. proteins and secondary metabolites).

Bacteria, such as spore-forming bacteria, root-colonizing bacteria and bacteria that act as biological insecticides, fungicides or nematicides.

Examples of such bacteria are:
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain FZB42 (DSM 231179), or Bacillus cereus, in particular B. cereus strain CNCM I-1562, or Bacillus firmus strain I-1582 (accession number CNCM I-1582), or Bacillus pumilus, in particular strain GB34 (accession number ATCC 700814) and strain QST2808 (accession number NRRL B-30087), or Bacillus subtilis, in particular the strain GB03 (accession number ATCC SD-1397), or Bacillus subtilis strain QST713 (accession number NRRL B-21661), or Bacillus subtilis strain OST 30002 (accession number NRRL B-50421), Bacillus thuringiensis, in particular B. thuringiensis subspecies israelensis, israelensis (antigen type H-14) strain AM65-52 (accession number ATCC 1276), or B. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, in particular strain ABTS-1857 (SD-1372), or B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain HD-1, or B. thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis strain NB 176 (SD-5428), Pasteuria penetrans penetrans), Pasteuria spp. (Rotylenchulus reniformis nematodes)-PR3 (Accession number ATCC SD-5834), Streptomyces microflavus strain AQ6121 (=QRD 31.013, NRRL B-50550), Streptomyces galbus strain AQ 6047 (Accession number NRRL 30232).

Examples of fungi and yeasts are:
Beauveria bassiana, in particular the strain ATCC 74040, Coniothyrium minitans, in particular the strain CON/M/91-8 (Accession No. DSM-9660), Lecanicillium spp., in particular the strain HRO LEC 12, Lecanicillium lecanii (formerly known as Verticillium lecanii), in particular the strain KV01, Metarhizium anisopliae anisopliae, in particular the strain F52 (DSM 3884 / ATCC 90448), Metschnikowia fructicola, in particular the strain NRRL Y-30752, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (new: Isaria fumosorosea), in particular the strain IFPC 200613 or the strain Apopka 97 (accession number ATCC 20874), Paecilomyces lilacinus, in particular the strain Paecilomyces lilacinus (P. lilacinus strain 251 (AGAL 89/030550), Talaromyces flavus, in particular strain V117b, Trichoderma atroviride, in particular strain SC1 (accession number CBS 122089), Trichoderma harzianum, in particular T. harzianum rifai T39 (accession number CNCM I-952).

Examples of viruses are:
Adoxophyes orana granulosis virus (GV), Cydia pomonella granulosis virus (GV), Helicoverpa armigera nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV), Spodoptera exigua mNPV, Spodoptera frugiperda mNPV, and Spodoptera littoralis NPV.

Also included are bacteria and fungi that are added as "inoculants" to plants or plant parts or plant organs and that promote plant growth and plant health by their specific properties. Examples include:
Agrobacterium spp., Azorhizobium caulinodans, Azospirillum spp., Azotobacter spp., Bradyrhizobium spp., Burkholderia spp., in particular Burkholderia cepacia (formerly known as Pseudomonas cepacia), Gigaspora spp. spp. or Gigaspora monosporum, Glomus spp., Laccaria spp., Lactobacillus buchneri, Paraglomus spp., Pisolithus tinctorus, Pseudomonas spp., Rhizobium spp., in particular Rhizobium trifolii, Rhizopogon spp. spp.), Scleroderma spp., Suillus spp., Streptomyces spp.

Examples of plant extracts and products formed by microorganisms, including proteins and secondary metabolites, are:
Garlic (Allium sativum), Artemisia absinthium, Azadirachtin, Biokeeper WP, Cassia nigricans, Celastrus angulatus, Chenopodium anthelminticum, Chitin, Armour-Zen, Dryopteris filix-mas, Equisetum arvense, Fortune Aza, Fungastop, Heads Up (Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) Saponin Extract), Pyrethrum/Pyrethrins, Quassia amara, Quercus, Quillaja, Regalia, ("Requiem ^™ Insecticide"), Rotenone, Ryania/Ryanodine, Symphytum officinale, Tanacetum vulgare, Thymol, Triact 70, TriCon, Tropaeulum majus, Urtica dioica dioica), Veratrin, Viscum album, Brassicaceae extracts, especially rapeseed flour or mustard flour.

The smectite mineral according to the present invention preferably includes montmorillonite, beidellite, nontronite, saponite, hectorite, sauconite and stephensite. Bentonite containing montmorillonite as a main component is also included in the smectite mineral according to the present invention. Bentonite is preferred as the smectite mineral according to the present invention.

The alkylnaphthalenesulfonic acid derivatives according to the present invention preferably include sodium salt of naphthalenesulfonic acid formalin condensate and sodium salt of alkylnaphthalenesulfonic acid formalin condensate, with sodium salt of alkylnaphthalenesulfonic acid formalin condensate being preferred.

The content of the alkylnaphthalenesulfonic acid derivative in the pesticide granule composition of the present invention is preferably 0.1 to 2.0 weight percent, more preferably 0.15 to 0.75 weight percent, and even more preferably 0.2 to 0.6 weight percent.

The content of pregelatinized starch in the pesticide granule composition of the present invention is preferably 0.1 to 10 weight percent, more preferably 0.2 to 5 weight percent, and even more preferably 0.5 to 3 weight percent.

The content of smectite mineral in the pesticide granule composition of the present invention is preferably 1 to 50 weight percent, more preferably 2 to 30 weight percent, and even more preferably 3 to 20 weight percent.

The pesticide granule composition of the present invention may further contain auxiliary agents such as bulking agents, water-soluble binders, surfactants, solvents, stabilizers, granulation promoters, preservatives, colorants, pH adjusters, and fragrances.

Examples of bulking agents include inorganic carriers such as ground glass powders such as clay, calcium carbonate, silica sand and its crushed products, diatomaceous earth, talc, ziglite, sericite, acid clay, activated clay, silica stone, pumice, zeolite, vermiculite, white carbon, and shirasu balloons; non-water-soluble organic carriers such as cellulose, pulp, rice hulls, wood flour, starch, and soybean flour; and water-soluble solid carriers such as urea, lactose, sucrose, salt, sodium sulfate, and citric anhydride.

Water-soluble binders include sodium carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, methylcellulose, methylethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, sodium polyacrylate, gum tragacanth, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, dextrin, alginic acid and sodium alginate.

Surfactants include nonionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants and amphoteric surfactants.

For example, nonionic surfactants include polyoxyalkylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyalkylene alkylaryl ethers, polyoxyalkylene allyl phenyl ethers, polyoxyalkylene alkyl esters, polyoxyalkylene sorbitan alkylates, polyoxyalkylene phenyl ether polymers, polyoxyalkylene alkylene aryl phenyl ethers, polyoxyalkylene alkylene glycols, and polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block polymers.

Anionic surfactants include lignin sulfonates, alkylaryl sulfonates, dialkyl sulfosuccinates, polyoxyalkylene alkylaryl ether sulfate salts, alkylnaphthalene sulfonates, polyoxyalkylene allyl phenyl ether sulfate salts, and lauryl sulfate salts.

Examples of cationic surfactants include alkyltrimethylammonium salts, alkyldimethylbenzylammonium salts, and alkylpyridinium salts.

Examples of amphoteric surfactants include dialkyldiaminoethyl betaine and alkyldimethylbenzyl betaine. However, the surfactants that can be used in the present invention are not limited to these examples, and there is no problem in using one or more of them in combination.

Examples of pH adjusters include citric acid, malic acid, phosphoric acid, sodium citrate, potassium citrate, magnesium oxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, trisodium phosphate, potassium pyrophosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, or their hydrates or anhydrous crystals. However, the pH adjusters that can be used in the present invention are not limited to these examples, and there is no problem in using one or more of them in combination.

The pesticide granule composition of the present invention can be produced by a method known per se. For example, the desired pesticide granule can be prepared by granulating the pesticide active ingredient, smectite mineral, pregelatinized starch, alkylnaphthalenesulfonic acid derivative, and, if necessary, auxiliary agents such as a filler, a water-soluble binder, a surfactant, a solvent, a stabilizer, a pH adjuster, a granulation promoter, a preservative, a coloring agent, and a fragrance, by a coating method, a kneading method, or the like.

In the case of coated granules, the pesticide active ingredient, smectite mineral, pregelatinized starch, and alkylnaphthalenesulfonic acid derivative may be contained in a coating layer or may be impregnated into a water-absorbent granule core.

When producing coated granules, for example, a mixed solution of water and surfactant is added to the granule cores and mixed, and the raw powder prepared by adding the pesticide active ingredient, smectite mineral, pregelatinized starch, alkylnaphthalenesulfonic acid derivative, and other auxiliary agents as mentioned above and mixing and grinding is coated with the resulting mixture, and the raw powder is then dried and, if necessary, crushed, sieved, sized, etc. to produce the desired pesticide granules.

In coated granules, examples of the granule core include calcium carbonate components such as limestone and marble, silica sand, pumice, clay granules, and granulated inorganic material granules.

On the other hand, when producing kneaded granules, the pesticide active ingredient is mixed with the smectite mineral, pregelatinized starch, alkylnaphthalenesulfonic acid derivative, and other auxiliary agents mentioned above, water is added, and the mixture is thoroughly mixed or kneaded, granulated, and the resulting granules are dried and, if necessary, crushed, sieved, sized, etc. to produce the desired pesticide granules.

A kneading machine is used for the kneading. Examples of kneading machines include a universal mixer, a kneader, a Lödige mixer, and a vertical granulator.

The amount of water used during kneading is usually 5 to 20 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the mixture.

When producing the kneaded granules, a screen with a diameter of 0.3 to 1.8 mm, preferably 0.8 to 1.2 mm, is usually used.

Examples of granulators that can be used include screw-type extrusion granulators, roll-type extrusion granulators, disc pelleter-type extrusion granulators, pellet mill-type extrusion granulators, basket-type extrusion granulators, blade-type extrusion granulators, oscillating-type extrusion granulators, gear-type extrusion granulators, and ring die-type extrusion granulators. Specifically, Multigran MG-55-2; DALTON CORPORATION can be used.

The resulting granules are usually dried at 50 to 120°C, preferably 60 to 80°C.

The pesticide granule composition of the present invention can be applied at any time from before sowing to the time of transplanting.

An example of application prior to sowing is a method in which a mixture of the pesticide granule composition and bed soil is added to a seedling box and then the seeds are sown.

Examples of application at the time of sowing include spraying the solid pesticide composition after sowing the seeds and before covering them with soil.

For application at the time of transplanting, for example, the pesticide granule composition can be sprayed onto seedling trays a few days before or on the day of transplanting the seedlings into paddy fields or fields, or the solid pesticide composition can be sprayed with a sprayer at the same time as transplanting the seedlings with a rice transplanter or the like.

The pesticide granule composition of the present invention can be applied to the seedling box by any method. For example, in addition to mixing with the bed soil as described above, a sprayer can also be used.

Seedling trays that can be used in the method of the present invention include rice seedling trays, cell trays for horticultural crops (vegetables, fruit trees, flowers), and plastic containers.

When the solid pesticide composition is applied to rice seedling boxes by the method of the present invention, the application amount is usually 10 to 200 g, preferably 50 to 100 g per seedling box. When applied to a plastic container such as the 448-hole seedling box for the Minoru Pot System (manufactured by Minoru Sangyo Co., Ltd.), the application amount is usually 33 to 66 g per container (1 to 2 kg per 10 ares).

The pesticide granule composition for application in rice nursery boxes of the present invention can be obtained by a granulation method commonly used in the formulation of pesticides. For example, the pesticide active ingredient, alkylnaphthalenesulfonic acid derivative, pregelatinized starch, smectite mineral, and optionally surfactant, water-soluble binder, solvent, auxiliary, and bulking agent are added, mixed and pulverized with a vertical granulator (trade name of Powrex Corporation), kneaded with water, granulated with an extrusion granulator, dried with a fluidized bed dryer, and sized to prepare the composition. Alternatively, the powder mixture may be granulated with a rolling granulator while adding water, dried, and sized, or it may be produced with a fluidized bed granulator in which a binder, aqueous solution, or active ingredient is sprayed on the powder mixture while it is fluidized to granulate it.

The formulation of the granular material for application to rice seedling boxes of the present invention may be any solid formulation other than a powder, such as granules, pellets, or tablets, and is not limited thereto.

Next, the present invention will be explained in more detail by means of manufacturing examples, examples, comparative examples and test examples, but the present invention is not limited to these.

Among the substances used in this example, those that require particular explanation are listed below.

Isotianil is a known compound and can be prepared, for example, by the method described in WO 99/024413.

Penflufen is a known compound and can be prepared, for example, by the method described in WO 2003/010149.

Tetraniliprole is a known compound and can be prepared, for example, by the method described in WO 2011/157664.

Examples of alkylnaphthalenesulfonic acid derivatives include Morwet D425 (manufactured by Akzo Nobel), TERSPERSE 2020 (manufactured by Huntsman), and Agrosurf WG-2300 (manufactured by Takemoto Oil Co., Ltd.).

Examples of pregelatinized starches include Amycol HF, Amycol C, Amycol KF, Amycol HG-N, Amycol BJ-2, Amycol W, Starch MH-A, Amycol A, Amycol FW (manufactured by Nippon Starch Chemical Co., Ltd.), Nisshoku Alster, Nisshoku Alster H, Nisshoku Waxy α (manufactured by Nippon Shokuhin Kako Co., Ltd.), Corn αY, Corn αS-1, Industrial Tapioca α, Industrial Tapioca αTP-2, Wheat Starch αWA-105 (manufactured by Sanwa Starch Co., Ltd.), Amilox No. 1, Amilox No. 1A (manufactured by Nippon Corn Starch Co., Ltd.), etc.

As a smectite mineral, montmorillonite is preferably used, for example, bentonite such as Bentonite Fuji, Bentonite Hotaka, Bentonite Akagi, Bentonite Myogi, Super Clay (manufactured by Hojun Co., Ltd.), Kunigel V1, Kunigel V2, Kunigel VA, Kunibond (manufactured by Kunimine Kogyo Co., Ltd.), and Kansai Bentonite (manufactured by Kanesan Kogyo Co., Ltd.).

The amount of solid components listed in Table 1 was mixed using a universal mixer (5DM-L-03-r; DALTON CORPORATION), and the liquid-soluble components were dissolved in an optimal amount of water (equivalent to 13.5% of the mixture) and added thereto, and after further mixing and kneading for 2 minutes, the mixture was extruded and granulated through a screen with an opening diameter of 1.0 mm using a granulator (Multigran MG-55-2; DALTON CORPORATION), and the granulated product was dried at 80 ° C. using a dryer (FD-LAB-1; POWREX CORPORATION). Finally, sieving was performed with sieves with mesh sizes of 1.4 mm and 0.5 mm to obtain the pesticide granule composition of the present invention and the comparative pesticide granule composition.

Growth test for rice by pre-treatment with soil cover at sowing time Small rice seedling boxes (approximately 1/12 the size of a normal seedling box, 30 cm x 60 cm) were used, and the test granule composition was treated at a rate of 8.3 g/seedling box before covering with soil at sowing time, and 12.5 g of dry rice (variety: Koshihikari) was sowed. After germination for 66 hours in a seedling box (28 ° C all day), seedlings were grown on a hotbed mat (20 ° C) in a vinyl house. After 21 days of seedling growth, the root strength of the rice (treated area) was measured. The root strength of the treated area was compared with that of the untreated area using Formula 1 to calculate the growth rate (%), and the growth status was evaluated according to the following criteria.

<<Criteria for determining growth status>>

The results of the above growth test on rice demonstrated that the pesticide granule composition of the present invention has excellent phytotoxicity reducing effects.

Claims (6)

Contains pesticide active ingredients, alkylnaphthalenesulfonic acid derivatives, pregelatinized starch, and smectite minerals.
The pesticide active ingredient contains at least one of isotianil, penflufen, and tetraniliprole,
The alkylnaphthalenesulfonic acid derivative includes a sodium salt of an alkylnaphthalenesulfonic acid formalin condensate.
1. A pesticide granule composition for application to rice seedling boxes, comprising: The pesticide granule composition according to claim 1, wherein the pesticide active ingredient content is 1 to 30 weight percent. The pesticide granule composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the content of the alkylnaphthalenesulfonic acid derivative is 0.1 to 2.0 weight percent. The pesticide granule composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the content of pregelatinized starch is 0.1 to 10 weight percent. The pesticide granule composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the smectite mineral is bentonite. The pesticide granule composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the content of the smectite mineral is 1 to 50 weight percent.