JP7683462B2 - Housing and housing construction methods - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a house with a semi-outdoor courtyard (loggia) and a method for constructing the house.

A courthouse is known as a house with a courtyard surrounded by buildings and walls. A semi-outdoor courtyard that is surrounded by buildings and walls but open above is also called a loggia. The wall that surrounds the loggia along with the building is also called a loggia wall.

Patent Document 1 discloses a loggia wall (pilotis wall). A loggia wall is a so-called waist-high wall that is about waist-high. The upper end of the loggia wall is connected to a beam extending from the building. The load received by the loggia wall due to crosswinds is transmitted to the building through the beam.

JP 2001-336294 A

The inventor of this application proposed to make the height of the loggia wall higher than the height of the residents, and to extend a beam perpendicular to the wall surface of the loggia wall to the top end of the loggia wall and connect it to the loggia wall. The inventor then proposed to attach a hanging member to the beam that passes above the heads of the residents in the loggia, and to suspend a hanging chair from the beam.

The object of the present invention is to provide a house in which the hanging members can be firmly fixed to the beams and which has a good appearance, or to provide a house which is easy to construct.

(1) The house according to the present invention comprises a building and a loggia facing the building and surrounded by a loggia wall. The building has a beam extending toward the loggia wall in a direction intersecting the wall surface of the loggia wall and having an extending tip supported by the loggia wall, a cover member covering the beam, and a hanging member attached to the extending portion of the beam. The hanging member comprises a fixing plate fixed to the flange of the beam, a main body extending downward from the fixing plate and penetrating the cover member, and a hanging body connected to the lower end of the main body and positioned below the cover member.

The hanging member is fixed directly to the beam by a fixing plate. The fixing plate and main body of the hanging member are covered by a cover member, and only the hanging body is exposed to the outside of the cover member. The hanging member fixes a string, hanging wire, chain, etc., used to suspend a hanging chair, etc.

(2) The cover member may be composed of a pair of divided bodies that face each other in a direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the beam and along the horizontal direction. The main body of the hanging member penetrates the cover member between the pair of divided bodies.

Because the cover member is made up of a pair of divided bodies, after the hanging member is fixed to the beam, the divided bodies can be attached to the beam so that the main body of the hanging member passes through the cover member between the pair of divided bodies. In other words, by constructing the cover member from a pair of divided bodies, it is possible to construct a house using a beam to which the cover member is already fixed. Therefore, there is no need to drill holes in the cover member or fix the hanging member at a high place, which makes it easier to construct the house.

(3) The hanging member may further include a decorative plate that abuts against the underside of the cover member.

Decorative plates improve the appearance of your home.

(4) The beam material may be a rafter of the building.

By attaching a hanging member to the part extending from the rafters of the building, the hanging chair can be hung from a high position.

(5) The housing construction method according to the present invention includes a first step of attaching a hanging member to the lower flange of a beam, a second step of attaching the beam with the hanging member attached to a pillar, and a third step of attaching a cover member consisting of a pair of divided bodies to the beam so that the lower end of the hanging member passes between the pair of divided bodies.

After attaching the beam with the hanging member attached to the pillar, the worker attaches the pair of sections to the beam and then installs the cover member. Therefore, compared to installing the beam and attaching the cover member to the beam before installing the hanging member to the beam, there is no need to drill holes in the cover member or install the hanging member to the beam at a high altitude, making building construction easier.

According to the present invention, the hanging member can be firmly fixed to the beam, and the appearance can be maintained well, or the workability can be improved.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a house 10 according to an embodiment. FIG. 2A is a perspective view of a foundation 20 and a skeleton 14 of a building 30, and FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view of the foundation 20. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the loggia 11. As shown in FIG. 4A is a cross-sectional view of the loggia wall 41 and the beam 33, and FIG. 4B is a vertical cross-sectional view of the loggia wall 41 and the beam 33. As shown in FIG. 5A, 5B, 5C, and 5D are views showing the hanging member 70, in which (A) is a front view, (B) is a plan view, (C) is a bottom view, and (D) is a right side view. FIG. 6 shows the hanging member 70 attached to the beam 33, where (A) is a vertical cross-sectional view and (B) is a horizontal cross-sectional view.

The following describes an embodiment of the present invention. Note that the embodiment described below is merely one example of the present invention, and it goes without saying that the embodiment of the present invention can be modified as appropriate without departing from the gist of the present invention.

In this embodiment, the house 10 shown in FIG. 1 is described. The house 10 includes a foundation 20 (see FIG. 2), a building 30, and loggia walls 41 and 42. The space surrounded by the building 30 and the loggia walls 41 and 42 is the loggia 11, which is a semi-outdoor courtyard with an open upper part. In other words, the house 10 is a so-called courthouse that includes the loggia 11.

The house 10 is generally rectangular. That is, the outer surface of the exterior wall 12 of the building 30 and the outer surface of the loggia wall 41 are flush and continuous, and the outer surface of the exterior wall 13 of the building 30 and the outer surface of the loggia wall 42 are flush and continuous.

In this embodiment, the vertical direction is referred to as the up-down direction 7, one side of the house 10 along the horizontal direction is referred to as the first direction 8, and the direction perpendicular to the up-down direction 7 and the first direction 8 is referred to as the second direction 9.

The foundation 20 shown in FIG. 2 is a so-called slab foundation, and has a footing 21 and a rise 22. However, the foundation 20 may also be a so-called slab foundation.

The building 30 is multi-story. In the example shown in Figs. 1 and 3, the building 30 is two stories tall. As shown in Fig. 2, the building 30 is a so-called steel-framed house, and has a framework 14 made up of steel columns 35 and beams 31, 32, 33, 34, etc.

The pillar material 35 is, for example, a shaped steel such as an H-shaped steel. The pillar material 35 extends in the vertical direction 7, and is placed, for example, on a column base metal fitting or a base (not shown) placed on the upper surface 23 of the rise 22 of the foundation 20. The lower end of the pillar material 35 is fixed to the column base metal fitting or base using bolts, nuts, etc. Note that in FIG. 2, the pillar material 35, which is an H-shaped steel, and the beams 31, 32, 33, and 34 are shown simplified as rectangular parallelepipeds.

Beams 31, 32, 33, and 34 are H-shaped steel, each having an upper flange, a lower flange, and a web. Note that column 35 and beams 31, 32, 33, and 34 may also be I-shaped steel or C-shaped steel.

Beam material 34 is a ceiling beam on the first floor (floor beam on the second floor) and is connected to the middle parts of pillar material 35 in the vertical direction 7 using metal fittings, bolts, nuts, etc. In other words, beam material 34 connects the middle parts of multiple pillar materials 35 together.

Beams 31, 32, and 33 are so-called rafters (ceiling beams for the second floor) and are connected to the tops of columns 35 in the vertical direction 7 using metal fittings, bolts, nuts, etc. In other words, beams 31, 32, and 33 connect the tops of multiple columns 35 together and also form a rafter 36 (see Figure 1). In the example shown in Figures 1 and 2, the roof of building 30 is a flat roof, but other roof shapes may also be used.

The beams 31 extend along the first direction 8. Beam 31A, one of the beams 31, extends along the first direction 8 from the truss 36 of the building 30 to above the loggia 11. Beam 31A is connected to the loggia wall 41. Beam 31A transmits a portion of the load that the loggia wall 42 receives due to crosswinds to the structure 14 of the building 30.

The beams 32 extend along the second direction 9. Beam 32A, one of the beams 32, extends along the second direction 9 from the truss 36 of the building 30 to the loggia wall 41. Beam 32A is connected to the loggia wall 42. Beam 32A transmits a portion of the load that the loggia walls 41, 42 receive due to crosswinds to the structure 14 of the building 30.

The extended end of beam 31A and the extended end of beam 32A are connected directly using metal fittings, bolts, nuts, etc., or via pillar 44 (described below) or metal fittings (not shown).

The beams 33 extend along the second direction 9. The beams 33 extend from the truss 36 of the building 30 to the loggia wall 41 along the second direction 9. As shown in FIG. 4A, the extending end of the beam 33 is connected to the beam 31A constituting the upper end of the loggia wall 41 by a bolt 61 and a nut 62. That is, the extending end of the beam 33 is connected to the upper end of the loggia wall 41 and is supported by the loggia wall 41. The beam 33 transmits a part of the load that the loggia wall 41 receives due to a crosswind to the building 30's frame 14. In the example shown in FIG. 1, the number of beams 33 is "2", but the number of beams 33 may be "1" or "3 or more". The extending portion 33A of the beams 33 protruding from the truss 36 is located above the loggia 11 as shown in FIG. 3, and is an example of an extending portion of the present invention.

As shown in Figs. 1 and 3, the extension 33A of the beam 33 is covered by a cover member 50. The cover member 50 is a long member extending along the second direction 9 in which the extension 33A extends. As shown in Fig. 4(B), the cover member 50 has a pair of partitions 51, 52 that face each other in the first direction 8, sandwiching the beam 33 therebetween. The pair of partitions 51, 52 are symmetrical with respect to the web 37 of the beam 33 as a reference (a virtual line passing through the center of the web 37 in the vertical direction 7 is the axis of symmetry).

The pair of divided bodies 51, 52 are attached to the beam material 33 using mounting brackets 58 or the like.

In FIG. 4B, the partition 51 is L-shaped, and the partition 52 is inverted L-shaped. The lower parts of the partitions 51 and 52 face each other below the web of the beam 33, defining a slit 56. The slit 56 extends along the second direction 9 and the up-down direction 7 in which the beam 33 extends.

The slit 56 is blocked by a blocking member 57, except for the portion where the hanging member 70 described below is located. The blocking member 57 is rod-shaped and extends along the second direction 9. The length (width) of the blocking member 57 in the first direction 8 is approximately the same as the length (width) of the slit 56 in the first direction 8. The blocking member 57 is disposed in the slit 56 and is fixed to the partitions 51 and 52 using a fastening member such as an adhesive, a screw, or a metal fitting. The blocking member 57 prevents the beams 33 and the like from being seen through the slit 56. As a result, the appearance (appearance) of the house 10 is improved. A connecting portion 78 of the hanging member 70 is inserted into a portion of the slit 56 that is not blocked by the blocking member 57.

As shown in FIG. 1, the loggia wall 41 extends along the first direction 8 and the vertical direction 7, and the loggia wall 42 extends along the second direction 9 and the vertical direction 7. The loggia walls 41 and 42 are walls that extend from the foundation 20 to the height of the truss 36 of the building 30.

The loggia wall 41 has a plurality of pillar materials 43, pillar materials 44, and a plurality of wall materials 46 (see FIG. 1) shown in FIG. 2. The loggia wall 42 has a pillar material 44, a plurality of pillar materials 45, and a plurality of wall materials 46 (see FIG. 1).

The multiple pillars 43 are aligned along the first direction 8. The multiple pillars 45 are aligned along the second direction 9. The pillars 44 are located at the corner where the loggia wall 41 and the loggia wall 42 connect.

The wall material 46 is a plate-shaped concrete panel. However, plate materials other than concrete, such as synthetic resin moldings and metal panels, may be used as the wall material 46. The wall material 46 is attached to the pillars 43, 44, and 45 using mounting brackets, bolts, nuts, and the like. The wall material 46 attached to the pillars 43, 44, and 45 covers the pillars 43, 44, and 45.

The house 10 further includes a hanging member 70 (see FIG. 5). The hanging member 70 is a member for suspending the hanging chair 15 shown in FIG. 3 from the beam 33.

The hanging member 70 shown in FIG. 5 is a metal fitting and includes a main body 71, a fixing plate 72, a hanging body 73, and a decorative plate 74.

The fixing plate 72 is a part for fixing the hanging member 70 to the beam 33. The fixing plate 72 is a rectangular plate extending horizontally. As shown in FIG. 6, the fixing plate 72 has a bolt hole 75 through which the bolt 63 is inserted. The upper surface of the fixing plate 72 abuts against the lower surface of the lower flange 39 of the beam 33. The bolt 63 is inserted through the bolt hole 64 provided in the lower flange 39 and the bolt hole 75 provided in the fixing plate 72. The fixing plate 72 is fixed to the beam 33 by the bolt 63 and a nut 65 fastened to the bolt 63.

5, the main body 71 has a protruding portion 76 protruding downward from the lower surface of the fixed plate 72, a lower plate 77 located below the protruding portion 76, and a connecting portion 78 located below the lower plate 77. The protruding portion 76 has a cross-shaped horizontal cross section. The lower plate 77 is a rectangular plate extending along the horizontal direction. The connecting portion 78 is cylindrical and is a portion that is connected to the hanging body 73. The main body 71 is manufactured, for example, by welding together a plurality of steel plates and a cylindrical material. The main body 71 is integrated with the fixing plate 72 by fixing the upper end of the protruding portion 76 to the lower surface of the fixing plate 72 by welding. The outer diameter of the connecting portion 78 is smaller than the minimum dimension of the opening in the slit 56 that is not blocked by the blocking member 57. The connecting portion 78 is inserted into the slit 56, and the hanging body 73 and the decorative plate 74 are exposed to the outside below the cover member 50.

The hanging body 73 has a connecting plate 79 and a ring portion 80. The connecting plate 79 is a rectangular plate extending horizontally. The upper surface of the connecting plate 79 is fixed to the lower surface of the connecting portion 78 of the main body 71 by welding. The ring portion 80 is U-shaped, and its upper end is fixed to the lower end of the connecting plate 79 by welding. The hanging body 73 has an insertion hole 81 defined by the connecting plate 79 and the ring portion 80. A string, hanging wire, hanging chain, etc. for hanging the hanging chair 15 is inserted into the insertion hole 81.

The decorative plate 74 is in the shape of a disk that extends horizontally. The decorative plate 74 is fixed to the connecting portion of the main body 71 by welding. The outer diameter of the decorative plate 74 is sufficiently larger than the outer diameter of the opening in the slit 56 that is not blocked by the blocking member 57 and the connecting portion 78. The decorative plate 74 abuts against or is close to the lower surfaces of the divided bodies 51 and 52, covering the opening in the slit 56 that is not blocked by the blocking member 57.

The hanging member 70 may be made of metal or resin with increased strength due to strength fibers such as glass fiber or carbon fiber. The hanging member 70 may also be partially made of metal and the other portions made of resin. For example, the main body 71 and the fixing plate 72 may be made of metal, and the hanging body 73 and the decorative plate 74 may be made of resin.

Next, the construction of the house 10 will be described. First, the hanging member 70 is attached to the lower flange 39 of the beam 33 with bolts 63 and nuts 65. The hanging member 70 is attached to the beam 33 before the beam 33 is attached to the pillar 35. For example, the hanging member 70 is attached to the beam 33 in a factory or at the construction site of the house 10. The process in which a worker attaches the hanging member 70 to the beam 33 is an example of the first process of the present invention.

After pouring the foundation 20, the worker installs the pillars 35, 43, 44, and 45 on the foundation 20. Next, the worker attaches the beams 31, 32, 33, and 34 to the pillars 35, 43, 44, and 45, and constructs the structure 14. The process of attaching the beams 31, 32, 33, and 34 to the pillars 35, 43, 44, and 45 is an example of the second process of the present invention.

The worker installs the wall material 46 on the pillars 43, 44, and 45 to construct the loggia walls 41 and 42. The worker also installs a pair of partitions 51 and 52 on the beam 33. For example, the worker presses the lower plate 77 of the hanging member 70 into the partitions 51 and 52 while installing the partitions 51 and 52 on the beam 33, and then fixes the partitions 51 and 52 to the beam 33 using metal fittings, bolts, nuts, etc. The worker may also install the partitions 51 and 52 on the beam 33 after providing recesses in the partitions 51 and 52 into which the lower plate 77 of the hanging member 70 fits at the construction site of the house, etc. The process in which the worker installs the pair of partitions 51 and 52 on the beam 33 and installs the cover member 50 is an example of the third process of the present invention.

The worker attaches the decorative member 53 to the beam 33. The worker also attaches the blocking member 57 to the cover member 50 to block the slit 56 in the cover member 50.

A string, hanging wire, hanging chain, etc. is inserted through the insertion hole 81 of the hanging member 70 attached to the beam 33, and the hanging chair 15 is suspended from the beam 33.

[Effects of the embodiment]
The hanging member 70 is directly fixed to the beam 33 by the fixing plate 72. Therefore, the hanging member 70 can be firmly fixed to the beam 33. Of the hanging member 70, the fixing plate 72 and the main body 71 are covered by the cover member 50, and only the hanging body 73 is exposed to the outside of the cover member 50. Therefore, the appearance of the house 10 is improved compared to a case where a part of the beam 33, the fixing plate 72, and the main body 71 are visible from the outside.

Since the cover member 50 is made up of a pair of divided bodies 51, 52, after the hanging member 70 is fixed to the beam 33, the divided bodies 51, 52 can be attached to the beam 33 so that the main body 71 of the hanging member 70 penetrates the cover member 50 between the pair of divided bodies 51, 52. In other words, by constructing the cover member 50 from a pair of divided bodies 51, 52, the house 10 can be constructed using the beam 33 to which the cover member 50 is fixed in advance. Therefore, there is no need to drill holes in the cover member 50 or fix the hanging member 70 at a high place, and as a result, construction of the house 10 is easier.

In addition, the hanging member 70 has a circular decorative plate 74 that abuts against the underside of the cover member 50, and this decorative plate 74 further improves the appearance of the house 10.

By attaching the hanging member 70 to the part extending from the truss 36 of the building 30, the hanging chair 15 can be hung from a high position, thereby providing a comfortable loggia space for the residents.

After attaching the beam 33 with the hanging member 70 attached to the pillar 35, the worker attaches the pair of divisions 51, 52 to the beam 33 and installs the cover member 50. Therefore, compared to installing the beam 33 and attaching the cover member 50 to the beam before installing the hanging member 70 to the beam 33, there is no need to drill holes in the cover member 50 or install the hanging member 70 to the beam 33 at a high altitude, making the construction of the house 10 easier.

The slits 56 of the cover member 50 extend along the second direction 9 in which the beam 33 extends. The hanging member 70 penetrates the cover member 50 at the slits 56. Therefore, no matter where the hanging member 70 is attached to the beam 33 in the second direction 9, it does not affect the construction of the cover member 50. As a result, there is a high degree of freedom in the attachment position of the hanging member 70 on the beam 33, and construction of the house 10 is made easier.

In this embodiment, the beams 33 extend to the loggia wall 41 and are connected to the upper end of the loggia wall 41, so that the load received by the loggia wall 41 due to crosswinds can be transmitted to the main body 14 by the beams 33. As a result, the durability of the loggia wall 41 can be increased. The hanging chair 15 can be installed on the loggia 11 by utilizing the beams 33 for increasing the durability of the loggia wall 41.

[Modification]
In the above embodiment, an example has been described in which the hanging body 73 is fixed to the main body 71 through the connecting portion 78. However, the hanging body 73 may be rotatably supported by the main body 71 with the connecting portion 78 serving as the rotation axis. In that case, the decorative plate 74 of the hanging member 70 is fixed to the divided bodies 51 and 52 using screws or an adhesive.

In the above embodiment, an example was described in which the hanging member 70 was fixed to the beam 33 by the bolt 63 and the nut 65. However, the hanging member 70 may also be fixed to the beam 33 by fillet welding or the like.

In the above embodiment, an example in which one hanging member 70 is attached to the beam 33 has been described. However, multiple hanging members 70 may be attached to the beam 33. In addition, the object suspended from the beam 33 by the hanging member 70 is not limited to the hanging chair 15, but may be other objects such as play equipment such as a swing or decorative items.

Reference Signs List 10: House 11: Loggia 14: Structure 15: Hanging chair 20: Foundation 30: Building 33: Beam 35: Pillar 36: Roof truss 39: Lower flange 41, 42: Loggia wall 50: Cover member 51, 52: Partition 56: Slit 70: Hanging member 71: Main body 72: Fixing plate 73: Hanging body 74: Decorative plate

Claims (4)

A residence comprising a building and a loggia facing the building and surrounded by a loggia wall,
The above building is
A beam member extending toward the loggia wall along a direction intersecting a wall surface of the loggia wall, the extending tip portion of the beam member being supported by the loggia wall;
A cover member for covering the beam material;
A hanging member attached to the extension of the beam,
The hanging member is
A fixing plate fixed to the flange of the beam material;
a main body extending downward from the fixing plate and penetrating the cover member;
A house comprising: a hanging body connected to the lower end of the main body and positioned below the cover member. The cover member is composed of a pair of divided bodies facing each other in a direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the beam material and along the horizontal direction,
The house according to claim 1 , wherein the main body of the hanging member penetrates the cover member between the pair of partitions. The house according to claim 2, wherein the hanging member further comprises a decorative plate that abuts against the underside of the cover member. The house according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the beam material is a rafter of the building.

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