JP7687597B2 - Multifunctional slow-release solid chemical fertilizer - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a method for producing a multifunctional fertilizer and a multifunctional plant activator using symbiosis between broadleaf trees, mycorrhizal fungi and coniferous trees, mycorrhizal fungi and their mycelium, produced physiologically active substances, and various industrial waste materials, as well as a plant and crop cultivation technique using the fertilizer and plant activator.

The Industrial Revolution that began in the 18th century built an economic society of mass production and mass consumption, using finite resources such as fossil fuels underground in the earth as an energy source. For about 200 years, humanity has put economy first and enjoyed the richest lifestyle in recorded history. In 2019, the world emitted 33.5 billion tons of carbon dioxide, and Japan emitted 1.21 billion tons of carbon dioxide, causing changes in the global environment. In the 21st century, worrying problems such as climate change due to global warming, destruction of biological ecosystems, marine pollution, contamination of agricultural fields by pesticides and nitrates, the degradation and desertification of agricultural fields due to climate change, and natural disasters affecting the entire world have suddenly emerged as the price of mass production and mass consumption.

The world is finally moving towards a goal of zero carbon dioxide emissions for all industries by 2050, but as if to mock the changes in the economic structure that are not leading to the development of innovative carbon dioxide fixation technology, the coronavirus suddenly appeared and destroyed the civilization and culture that humanity had built since the dawn of history, as well as the economic and social structures that had been created during the Industrial Revolution. It is no exaggeration to say that the Industrial Revolution was defeated by a single virus.

The Japanese government has announced to the world that it will aim to achieve net-zero carbon dioxide emissions by 2050. As agriculture-related sources account for approximately 25% of this carbon dioxide emissions, the Japanese government has announced that it will reduce chemical fertilizers by 40%, pesticides by 50%, and organic cultivation on 1 million hectares by 2050. This 50% reduction in pesticides means breaking away from the current dependence on pesticides in agriculture, but it is a high hurdle that is considered almost impossible with current agricultural technology. However, the post-COVID era is also an era in which we must face the challenges of human survival, namely overcoming viruses, immunity, carbon dioxide, and food crises. Unless we build a new industrial revolution that surpasses the industrial revolution of the 18th century in the 30 years between 2020 and 2050, we will not be able to solve problems such as the depletion of underground resources, food shortages, the frequent occurrence of natural disasters due to climate change, global warming, marine pollution, and residual pesticide contamination of food.

If we predict the future society in 2050, even if revolutionary new inventions are made in zero carbon dioxide emissions and hydrogen production technology, it will not be a rosy era. Society in 2050 will be a starving society with insufficient food production to feed the population that has increased to 9 billion people. In order to prevent this, if we continue on the current path in an environment of climate change, we will have to use even more pesticides and chemical fertilizers to ensure food security. Food containing large amounts of residual pesticides will weaken the immune system, and new infectious diseases such as viruses will make our super-aging society a disease-prone society. Furthermore, the Earth will become a place where natural disasters occur more frequently than they are now. These problems cannot be solved by simply using chemistry to fix carbon dioxide and produce hydrogen. Unless we find new farming methods and new fertilizers that do not rely on pesticides and chemical fertilizers, we will not be able to achieve the 2050 target.

The current prosperity and abundance of food in developed countries is the result of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. In other words, if the 2050 target were to be implemented worldwide, food shortages would occur and 1.5 billion people, or about 20% of the population, would starve to death.
The Japanese government's goal for 2050 is to abandon the modern agricultural techniques that have been used for 150 years since the Industrial Revolution to increase yields and production, using chemical fertilizers and pesticides. This involves breeding crops that are resistant to diseases, insects, and heat, and can produce more with less fertilizer. However, this is not a task that can be achieved in a short period of time. In the coming era of explosive global population growth, it is an urgent task to invent a reckless cultivation method that is unthinkable by common sense, that will increase yields and produce more food than we do now, without relying on chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

In light of these circumstances, the present inventors have developed a new ascomycete fungus, Pezizales sp., and a global-scale method for improving the environment that utilizes the symbiosis between the ascomycete fungus, Pezizales sp., and the root nodule bacterium, Rhizobium sp. Specifically, the inventors have developed a technology that inactivates crop pathogens and the like by spraying these fungi on soil or crops, thereby enabling cultivation with reduced fertilizer and reduced or no pesticides (Patent Document 1), and have also discovered that the symbiosis between the ascomycete fungus, Pezizales sp., and the root nodule bacterium, Rhizobium sp., can put foreign bacteria (pathogenic foreign bacteria that harm plants) to sleep or be inactivated, thereby protecting plants from foreign pathogens without using pesticides (Patent Document 2), and have also developed a technology that utilizes the symbiosis between the ascomycete fungus, Pezizales sp., and the root nodule bacterium, Rhizobium sp., to inactivate foreign bacteria (pathogenic foreign bacteria that harm plants) and thereby protect plants from foreign pathogens without using pesticides (Patent Document 2). Focusing on the fact that chitin, which is food for actinomycetes living in the soil, can be produced in the field through symbiosis with actinomycetes, the researchers developed a technology (Patent Document 3) that allows biodegradable plastic (PLA) to be gently and reliably biodegraded in the natural environment.

The inventor continued to conduct research on ascomycetes, and discovered that while there are ascomycetes and basidiomycetes among white wood-rotting fungi, there are no ascomycetes that kill plants like basidiomycetes, and that they are harmless to plants and are capable of decomposing residual pesticides in growing crops; that the white truffle Tuber is an "ascomycete white wood-rotting fungus," but has evolved into a mycorrhizal fungus that helps plant growth and forms fruiting bodies (so-called truffles) in the soil; that it is absolutely safe for humans, livestock, and other living organisms; that it has strong antibacterial properties and can live in a variety of soils from polar to tropical regions around the world; and that even if pesticides are used, by carrying out antidote treatment afterwards, it is possible to decompose, detoxify, and purify residual pesticides from food, processed foods, beverages, and the environment, and prevent damage to the human immune system and environmental destruction while using pesticides (Patent Document 4). Furthermore, the inventor discovered that the white truffle Tuber, an ascomycete white wood-rotting fungus, has evolved into a mycorrhizal fungus that helps plant growth and forms fruiting bodies (so-called truffles) in the soil, and that it is absolutely safe for humans, livestock, and other living organisms. They discovered that the bacteria is a fermenting bacterium, and developed a technology for producing a variety of foods, processed foods, beverages, teas, herbal medicines, livestock feed, etc. that contain novel pyruvic acid, choline chloride, and 3-hydroxybutyric acid, and filed a patent application (Patent Document 5).

The inventor has further developed and filed a patent application for a new and innovative carbon dioxide "fixation," "reduction," and "carbon neutral" technology that meets the Japanese government's 2050 targets for reducing carbon dioxide emissions from agriculture through "a 50% reduction in pesticides," "a 40% reduction in chemical fertilizers," and "implementation of organic farming on 1 million hectares" (Patent Document 6).

Patent Publication No. 2021-040525 JP 2021-040521 A JP 2022-038386 A Patent application No. 2020-216308 Patent application No. 2021-078944 Patent application No. 2021-206722

However, we realized that in order to achieve the 2050 target, we need "innovative materials and agricultural technologies" that further evolve the above-mentioned existing knowledge and technologies.
Therefore, the inventors came to the conclusion that the 2050 target could be achieved if a new, revolutionary, multifunctional fertilizer that can solve the wide range of problems imposed on agriculture, rather than simply a fertilizer for high yields and increased production, and an appropriate cultivation method were developed. A multifunctional fertilizer that can simplify many of the problems and issues related to crop and plant cultivation would enable stable growth and production with significant reductions in labor and costs through the use of mechanization, drones, and flying cars in agriculture, which will continue to evolve in the future. This kind of fertilizer is not an extension of the fertilizers that have been used up until now, but a multifunctional compound, comprehensive fertilizer that enables safe and secure food production and security with a sustainable global environment first in mind, using fertilizer as a single tool, and furthermore, by developing a slow-release fertilizer with a solidifying agent to replace the slow-release fertilizer coated with polyolefin resin, which is a problem with marine plastics, the problem of marine pollution by marine plastics can be solved at the same time, and furthermore, we focused on the fact that the production of a "multifunctional fertilizer" that can suppress "methane gas" emitted from rice paddies and "nitrous oxide gas" emitted from farmland, which are causes of global warming, can foster a new "green industry". We have come to believe that a multifunctional fertilizer that goes beyond fertilizers is the only thing that can produce food while allowing agriculture to comply with the global environmental conservation goal set by countries around the world by 2050.

Figure 2 (1) shows a slow-release fertilizer coated with polyolefin resin. It is a slow-release chemical fertilizer that is currently mass-produced and used in paddy fields, and allows artificial control of the leaching of fertilizer components. In general, after application to the soil, the fertilizer components inside gradually leach out over a period of 20 to 30 months (Figure 2 (2)), and in the end, only the coating film remains in the soil (Figure 2 (3)). However, because this film uses polyolefin resin, which cannot be decomposed in nature, it breaks into small pieces and flows out of the paddy fields into rivers and the sea, and is further dispersed by ocean currents. These fragments have been found in most oceans, and are a problematic source of marine environmental destruction.

The main objective of the present invention is to develop an innovative "multifunctional fertilizer" that has the same functions as conventional fertilizers, but can achieve the 2050 targets set by the Japanese government of "reducing pesticide use by 50%, reducing chemical fertilizers by 40%, and implementing organic farming on 1 million hectares," while at the same time fostering a new "green industry." Furthermore, by equipping the fertilizer with functions that enable the treatment of industrial waste such as gypsum, industrial waste plant cellulose, biodegradable plastic PLA, sewage residue, livestock waste, and food processing residue, the fertilizer can reduce and suppress emissions of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide gases, and can solve various agricultural problems such as pests, continuous crop damage, photosynthesis supplementation, and the instability of food production due to global warming, and to provide a method for producing the same. In addition, the "multifunctional fertilizer" of the present invention must be mass-producible so that it can be used all over the world, including developing countries, and the development of its production method is also an objective of the present invention.

The "multifunctional fertilizer" of the present invention refers to a fertilizer having the following functions:
[1] Carbon dioxide fixation is possible through humic acid and humic acid produced by symbiotic mycorrhizal fungi of broad-leaved trees and coniferous trees.
[2] The area is home to symbiotic mycorrhizal fungi of broad-leaved trees and coniferous trees, which can fix nitrogen from the air. In addition, autophagy in the mycelium retains amino acids in the soil, allowing for reduced fertilizer use.
[3] Soil-borne pathogens, phyllosphere pathogens, and airborne pathogens can be inactivated, enabling reduced or no pesticide cultivation and organic cultivation.
[4] It contains or carries α-pinene, and is capable of repelling soil-dwelling pests, sap-sucking pests, and lepidopteran pests, as well as preventing their reproduction, thereby enabling reduced or no pesticide cultivation and organic cultivation.
[5] It contains pyruvic acid, which is an energy source for eukaryotes, and can compensate for the lack of photosynthesis.
[6] It contains the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid, which promotes crop growth and increases yields even with reduced fertilizer use.
[7] By supplying pyruvic acid to the roots by mycorrhizal fungi, crops can be made heat-tolerant, enabling them to withstand rising temperatures caused by global warming.
[8] By using saprophytic mycorrhizal fungi to decompose organic matter, it is possible to recreate the natural ecosystem in farm soil, making the field sustainable.
[9] By using saprophytic mycorrhizal fungi to create a natural carbon cycle in agricultural fields, it is possible to prevent "continuous crop problems."
[10] By using saprophytic mycorrhizal fungi to create a natural carbon cycle in farm fields, new, sustainable organic farming methods can be implemented.
[11] Saprophytic mycorrhizal fungi can decompose "residual pesticides in the soil and nitrous oxides remaining in the soil," thereby reducing the amount of nitrous oxide gas emitted. [12] They can suppress the generation of methane gas.
[13] By using industrial waste gypsum as a solidifying material in the multifunctional fertilizer of the present invention, the amount of industrial waste gypsum discharged can be reduced. Furthermore, if the polyolefin resin that has conventionally been used as a coating material for slow-release fertilizers can no longer be used, marine pollution caused by marine plastics can be reduced.
[14] It can process difficult-to-decompose industrial waste cellulose such as clothing, textiles, paper, and pulp.
[15] Industrial waste "biodegradable plastic (PLA)" can be reliably processed.
[16] Industrial waste glycerin can be processed.

This invention is a novel fertilizer that solves the 16 diverse problems and issues mentioned above using a single tool: fertilizer. This requires manufacturing raw materials and technology that completely overturn the conventional concept of fertilizer.

The inventor's prior knowledge, extensive testing of the white truffle Tuber fungus, has revealed that the white truffle Tuber fungus has a variety of characteristics not found in other microorganisms, and these characteristics are suitable for the production of multifunctional slow-release fertilizers, multifunctional liquid fertilizers, and multifunctional plant activators, and can cover the various conditions necessary to achieve the Japanese government's 2050 targets of "reducing chemical pesticides by 50%, reducing chemical fertilizers by 40%, and implementing organic cultivation on 1 million hectares."
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram explaining the mechanism by which the photosynthesis of plants is complemented by the foliar application of pyruvic acid and indole-3-acetic acid produced by the mycelium of the truffle Tuber fungus used in the present invention.
By administering fertilizers and plant activators containing pyruvic acid, it is possible to supplement the lack of photosynthesis in crops and ensure stable growth. Pyruvic acid has excellent permeability, so it penetrates into cells in a short time after foliar spraying and is quickly converted into energy in the citric acid cycle of the mitochondria of the cells. This allows crops to grow without any problems even under conditions of insufficient photosynthesis, making it possible to achieve high yields even with reduced fertilizer cultivation.

However, the characteristics of the white truffle Tuber fungus alone cannot solve the problem of pests. Therefore, the inventor searched for a new fungus that is compatible with pests. The inventor noticed that the aromatic components in natural coniferous forests have a great influence on various pests, and that α-pinene produced by Tricholoma matsutake strongly prevents pests from invading the "shiro" (Fig. 58) of the Matsutake fungus. He obtained Matsutake fruit bodies from China, Canada, and various parts of Japan, and carried out extensive cultivation of mycelium regeneration in Hamada medium (2% glucose, 0.2% yeast extract, 1% mushroom crude extract). From these, he selected and cultivated Tricholoma matsutake fungus that produced a large amount of α-pinene, and produced the Tricholoma matsutake mycelium suspension for use in the present invention. The cultivation of Tricholoma matsutake fungus was carried out by selecting individuals with fast mycelium growth, which made it possible to mass-cultivate Tricholoma matsutake fungus mycelium (Figure 4), thereby successfully developing the multifunctional fertilizer of the present invention.
Not all Tricholoma matsutake fungi grown in China, Canada, and Japan are fixed; even fungi from the same place of origin have subtle individual variations, and in addition to shape, there are large variations in culture temperature, culture medium, growth rate in the environment, biofilm shape, and concentration of physiologically active components produced.
The present invention can be carried out using any Tricholoma matsutake fungus. However, among basidiomycetes, Tricholoma matsutake fungus has the slowest mycelium growth and reproduction rate. By using a fungus species (named Tricholoma matsutake 2020sagae) that grows and reproduces to saturation in the above-mentioned short period (about 7 days of culture) and produces the desired α-pinene, it becomes possible to mass-produce the multifunctional fertilizer and multifunctional plant activator of the present invention.

Figure 5 is an image showing mycelium grown in a solid medium of the mycelium-growing fungus used in the present invention, from which chitin fiber and α-pinene can be obtained. Figure 6 is an image of a mycelium biofilm and a sugar suspension of Tricholoma matsutake fungus in liquid culture, from which a suspension containing various physiologically active substances produced by the mycelium, which is the stock solution of the multifunctional fertilizer of the present invention, can be obtained in addition to chitin fiber.

FIG. 1 (1) is an image of a white truffle fruiting body from Alba, Italy, where the broad-leaved mycorrhizal fungus Tuber used in the present invention was collected, and FIG. 1 (2) is an image of a Matsutake fruiting body from Sagae City, Yamagata Prefecture, where the Matsutake fungus Tricholoma matsutake was collected.
The characteristics of the Tricholoma matsutake fungus of the present invention are summarized in Table 1.

Thus, in the production of the multifunctional fertilizer of the present invention, the white truffle Tuber fungus is used as the broadleaf mycorrhizal fungus, and the Tricholoma matsutake fungus is used as the coniferous mycorrhizal fungus. However, it is not limited to these two fungi, and many unidentified mycorrhizal fungi have been discovered in the Tricholomales order to which the white truffle Tuber belongs, and 180 species of the Truffle Tuber genus alone have been discovered around the world. Therefore, it is possible that fungi with similar characteristics will be discovered in the Tricholomales order in the future, without being limited to the white truffle Tuber, and it is also possible to use fungi that are harmless to humans and animals from among them. In addition, Tricholoma matsutake is used as the coniferous mycorrhizal fungus, but since various mycorrhizal fungi coexist with coniferous trees, if there is a fungus among them that has the characteristics of producing pinene and α-pinene, like Tricholoma matsutake, it is also possible to use that fungus.
"Pinene" used in this invention is an organic compound with _the chemical formula _C10H16 , a type of monoterpene. The name comes from pine, and as the name suggests, it is the main component of pine resin and pine essential oil, as well as being found in many coniferous trees and has a "unique scent. " Pinene is a hydrocarbon consisting of six-membered and four-membered rings, and there are two structural isomers, α-pinene and β-pinene, which differ in the position of the double bond.
In the sensory test of α-pinene in the Tricholoma matsutake fungus shiro (Fig. 58) and Tricholoma matsutake fungus mycelium culture biofilm (Fig. 57) of the present invention, the sensory test was based on the "unique scent" of this α-pinene. The unique scent of α-pinene in this shiro is not found in other bacteria, mushrooms, or white wood-rotting fungi, and is easily identifiable. As it is produced in large quantities in the mycelium of Tricholoma matsutake fungus, the soil in the shiro has a unique scent.
As shown in Figure 58, this unique scent was confirmed by sensory testing, and it was therefore confirmed that this artificial shiro was made from the Matsutake fungus, Tricholoma matsutake.
However, the fruiting body of Matsutake does not produce α-pinene, but rather produces an unsaturated alcohol called matsutakeol, which gives Matsutake its distinctive aroma, and methyl cinnamate. If Matsutake contained α-pinene, they would be inedible mushrooms. The presence or absence of α-pinene can be determined sensorily in this invention because α-pinene can be easily identified by its distinctive aroma.

Examples of basidiomycetes, white rot fungi, include most edible mushrooms, such as Coriolus versicolor, white: Kaigaratake, red: Hiirotake, Shiitake, Nameko, Enokitake, Pleurotus velutipes, Sugihiratake, Maitake, Tamogitake, Suehirotake, Coriolus versicolor, Sutake, Hoshigetake, and Hiirotake.
Examples of brown rot fungi include Polyporus palustris, Polyporus nigricans, Lamium amplexicaule, Polyporus boninense, Chalk Mushroom, Polyporus nigricans, Ginkgo biloba, and Polyporus umbellata.
Examples of Ascomycetes (Order Campylobacteria) include the truffle and the walnut mushroom discovered in Japan.
Examples of Ascomycetes (Order Acanthales) include Morel and Trigonella gracilis, which are widely used as edible mushrooms, especially overseas, as well as Oochiura nigricans, Ochiura nigricans, Hiirochiura nigricans, Shaguma nigricans, and Noboriryu.
Examples of Ascomycetes (order Mycorrhizales) include Cordyceps sinensis, as well as Cicada mushrooms, Cordyceps moribund, Hachitake mushrooms, Hemisphere mushrooms, Venturia gracilis, and Parasol mushrooms, which are known as medicinal fungi.
Examples of Ascomycetes (Order Polyploides) include underground fungi that also live as moles and spend their entire lives underground, such as the Amime-tsuchi-dango, Black-tsuchi-dango, Tsutsubu-tsuchi-dango, Tsuchi-dango, Kituchi-dango, Small-kuro-tsuchi-dango, Nikko-tsuchi-dango, and Teichibu-tsuchi-dango.
There are no examples of Ascomycetes (Bladderales) that are associated with food use. Most of them are small, such as the oenothera, the pine-leaf spatula, the spatula, the scallop, and the scallop, which resemble the spikes of the fern.
Examples of Ascomycetes (Belgiales) are mushrooms made entirely of hard carbonaceous matter that grow on rotting wood, such as B. fasciata, B. nigricans, B. sieboldii, B. sieboldii, B. nigricans ...

The fungus that is preferably used in the present invention is harmless to humans and animals, and does not cause disease to plants. Furthermore, it has the characteristics of a "mycorrhizal fungus" that lives symbiotically with plants, and forms a large amount of mycelium in liquid culture or solid culture (bacteria bed culture). Even more preferably, it has "airborne nitrogen fixation" and "strong antibacterial properties" that are suitable for the purpose of the invention, which is to manufacture a "multifunctional slow-release fertilizer," and it is a fungus that decomposes sugars in the medium and produces the physiologically active substances "pyruvic acid,""the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid," and "α-pinene." Any fungus that meets these conditions can be used.
In the present invention, the basidiomycete fungus used was "Tricholoma matsutake," the ascomycete fungus "White truffle Tuber flavidosporum," and the ascomycete fungus Pezizales sp. (unidentified fungus) were used.

The inventor discovered that the white truffle Tuber fungus, a mycorrhizal fungus that symbiotically binds broad-leaved trees, is a novel "fermenting fungus" (Patent Document 5), and confirmed that by fermenting it in a medium containing added sugar, it produces large amounts of "pyruvic acid" and the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid in the medium. Furthermore, the inventor conducted research into the mass cultivation of Tricholoma matsutake, a mycorrhizal fungus that symbiotically binds coniferous trees, and succeeded in mass cultivation of Tricholoma matsutake mycelium.
In addition, Tricholoma matsutake is known to produce the physiologically active substance α-pinene, and the success of mass-cultivation of mycelium has made it possible to mass-produce Tricholoma matsutake mycelium culture suspensions containing large amounts of α-pinene (Figures 4 and 6). α-Pinene is an aromatic component with strong antibacterial properties, as well as insecticidal and repellent properties, and is involved in the protection and cultivation of forests. The present invention has made it possible to mass-produce white truffle Tuber mycelium suspensions and Tricholoma matsutake mycelium culture suspensions, making it possible to produce the "multifunctional fertilizer" and "multifunctional plant activator" of the present invention on a large scale.
In the present invention, "α-pinene" does not refer to purified α-pinene, but rather to an α-pinene-containing suspension cultured by Tricholoma matsutake, which contains a mixture of approximately 60 types of aromatic components produced by Tricholoma matsutake.

Up until now, anaerobic bacteria, yeast, koji mold, lactic acid bacteria, methane bacteria, and other microorganisms have been used to produce organic fertilizers, but these microorganisms cannot produce pyruvic acid, the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid, or α-pinene, making it impossible to produce the multifunctional fertilizer that is the objective of this invention.

Furthermore, to achieve the 2050 target of reducing carbon dioxide emissions by reducing chemical fertilizers by 40%, it is necessary to develop a new, extremely difficult agricultural technique to secure food while cultivating with reduced fertilizers. However, this problem can be solved by using the airborne nitrogen fixation of the white truffle Tuber fungus of this invention, propagating the mycelium of the white truffle Tuber fungus in the soil, and after mycelium aging, the mycelium dissolves through autophagy, and a large amount of nitrogen derived from amino acids remains in the soil, making reduced fertilizer cultivation possible. However, in the current organic cultivation using organic fertilizers with anaerobic bacteria, the bacterial cell membrane is cellulose, so nitrogen does not remain in the soil through bacterial autophagy, making reduced fertilizer cultivation impossible.
Figure 8 shows images of the soil inhabitation and propagation of the white truffle Tuber fungus after the application of the multifunctional slow-release compound fertilizer of the present invention to the soil. Figure 8 (1) shows an image of 1g of the multifunctional slow-release compound fertilizer applied to a planting hole in the soil, after which the soil surface was covered with an aluminum sheet to maintain humidity. Figure 8 (2) shows an image 15 days after fertilization, in which the mycelium of the white truffle Tuber fungus was observed propagating. As described in Patent Document 4, the white truffle Tuber fungus also has the ability to purify residual pesticides and nitrate nitrogen, and to antibacterial properties against soil pathogens.

Another objective of the present invention is to prevent ocean pollution caused by marine plastics. Current coated slow-release fertilizers use non-biodegradable "polyolefin resin," but as an alternative, the present invention uses gypsum, a mineral widely distributed on Earth that contains calcium, an essential element for plants. Figure 9 (1) shows industrial waste gypsum powder, and Figure 9 (2) shows a discarded gypsum bust. These are calcined to make "calcined gypsum," which is used as the raw material for the fertilizer of the present invention.
Since the multifunctional slow release solid fertilizer of the present invention can be produced and used all over the world as a next-generation fertilizer, a large amount of gypsum is required for its production, and it may not be possible to meet the demand with industrial waste gypsum alone. In this case, calcium sulfate (gypsum) derived from crude oil refining can also be used.
When these gypsums are used as solidification materials, the time until solidification is very short, so the granulation method is limited. In the present invention, in order to enable various granulation methods, 1 to 10% glycerin is added to the kneading solution (water, white truffle Tuber suspension, Matsutake fungus suspension) to slow solidification.
Figure 10 shows glycerin derived from vegetable oil and virgin oil, but glycerin derived from waste edible oils and glycerin by-produced in the process of producing biofuel made from vegetable oil, which is set to be used as aircraft fuel in the near future, can also be used advantageously. With this method, the time until solidification can be delayed as desired.
Figure 11 shows the results of an underwater disintegration test of gypsum particles solidified by adding glycerin, and as shown in the photograph, they did not disintegrate even after 10 days. Furthermore, in this invention, chitin fiber and plant cellulose are mixed with gypsum to reinforce it and maintain its slow release, and depending on the size of the particles, 30-day, 60-day, 100-day, and 120-day types can be envisioned. Furthermore, by using chitin fiber and chitin nanofiber derived from the mycelium of the white truffle Tuber fungus in liquid culture, it is possible to make a multifunctional slow release fertilizer containing "pyruvic acid" and "plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid" produced by the white truffle Tuber fungus.
In addition, after application in the field, this glycerin becomes food for the white truffle Tuber fungus and serves as an energy source for reproduction. Furthermore, gypsum is a strong alkali and, if left as is, will cause damage to crop growth. However, when a suspension of a mycelium culture of the white truffle Tuber fungus and a suspension of a mycelium culture of the Matsutake fungus Tricholoma matsutake fungus were mixed and immersed in water, the pH after 7 days was 6.5 to 7.0. Therefore, even when the fertilizer of the present invention is administered in the field, the pH will be 6.5 to 7.0, which is a good pH value for crop growth. In addition, when the plant cellulose added to the gypsum to satisfy the smooth slow release is administered in the field, soil moisture is supplied to the inside of the gypsum through this cellulose, and the fertilizer components inside the gypsum penetrate the cellulose and are dissolved to the outside and supplied to the roots, allowing smooth fertilizer absorption.

The multifunctional fertilizer of the present invention is a fertilizer with the function of achieving the above 16 objectives. As mentioned above, the basis of the multifunctional fertilizer of the present invention is the use of "white truffle Tuber fungus mycelium culture suspension" and "Tricholoma matsutake fungus mycelium culture suspension" which have various functions. Other raw materials include "gypsum" as a solidification material, "glycerin" as a gypsum slow solidification material, "mycelium chitin fiber" and "cellulose fiber" as solidification collapse inhibitors, "industrial waste biodegradable PLA powder, fine particles" as particle extenders, and "rapeseed meal, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, and other plant materials" as the substrate of the multifunctional organic slow release organic fertilizer.
In addition, the mycelium culture suspension of the white truffle Tuber fungus contains various components produced by the white truffle Tuber fungus, such as pyruvic acid and indole-3-acetic acid, so it can be used as a plant activator when no fertilizer components are added. The mycelium suspension can be used as is, but if it is filtered through a nonwoven fabric, it becomes easier to spray.

Specifically, gypsum, preferably industrial waste gypsum (Fig. 9), is added with a diluted solution of a mycelium culture suspension of Tuber fungus (Fig. 7) or a mycelium culture suspension of Tricholoma matsutake fungus (Fig. 6) and kneaded to support the physiologically active substances produced by the mycelium, such as pyruvic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, α-pinene, and mycelium chitin fiber, and then industrial waste plant cellulose, industrial waste biodegradable plastic PLA powder or granules, and industrial waste glycerin as a slow solidification agent are mixed and solidified to produce the multifunctional slow-release gypsum solid chemical fertilizer that is the object of the invention, while recycling industrial waste gypsum, waste glycerin, industrial waste plant cellulose, and industrial waste biodegradable plastic PLA.

Figure 12 shows an electron microscope image of hardened gypsum. In this invention, chitin fibers and chitin nanofibers are inserted into the gaps between the needle-shaped crystals, bridging the needle-shaped crystals with the chitin fibers, resulting in a solid, disintegration-resistant hardened particle.

FIG. 13 shows an example of collection of white wood-rotting fungal mycelium and chitin fiber from waste mushroom beds. Since the mycelium of the most wood-rotting fungi is made of chitin fiber, the present inventors have succeeded in mass-producing chitin fiber from basidiomycete and ascomycete mushrooms and mycelium to produce the "multifunctional slow-release fertilizer" of the present invention. By bridging the solidification by gypsum with gypsum, mycelium chitin fiber, and chitin nanofiber, a more robust solidification can be obtained. In mushroom production, this waste mushroom bed is a new waste source, but it can be effectively utilized as a raw material for the "multifunctional slow-release fertilizer" of the present invention.
Figure 13 (1) shows waste mushroom beds that have been heat-sterilized and crushed. Figure 13 (2) shows the state after adding water and making it thick using a mixer, followed by addition of organic matter and chitin fiber to make a mixed solution. Figure 13 (3) shows the state after adding gypsum to this mixed solution. Figure 13 (4) shows the kneaded state. If fertilizer is further added, it becomes a "multifunctional slow-release fertilizer" (Figure 13 (5)).

Figure 14 also shows the possibility of using plant tissue (weeds) to produce chitin fiber from the mycelium of the white truffle Tuber fungus. Figure 14 (1) shows the state of static cultivation in a room temperature room (minimum temperature 10°C, maximum temperature 25°C) after adding 5g of sugar and 100g of water to 100g of weeds, and then adding 10cc of a suspension of the white truffle Tuber fungus. Figure 14 (2) shows the state after 15 days, when the white truffle Tuber fungus has multiplied rapidly by feeding on the weeds.

In addition, by carrying or fermenting rapeseed meal (Figure 15), cottonseed meal, soybean meal, fish meal (Figure 16), meat meal, sewage treatment plant residues, methane fermentation residues, food processing residues, livestock residues (Figure 17), etc., it is possible to produce a variety of functional fertilizers, such as multifunctional slow-release gypsum solidified chemical fertilizers, multifunctional slow-release organic fertilizers, multifunctional liquid chemical fertilizers, multifunctional liquid organic fertilizers, and multifunctional plant activators. In order to achieve a 40% reduction in chemical fertilizers, a 50% reduction in pesticides, and 1 million hectares of organic cultivation, it is desirable to use fertilizer as a core tool as a solution, also in terms of the work and labor required for crop cultivation.

By mass culturing the mycelium of two mycorrhizal fungi, "White truffle Tuber" and "Matsutake" in "liquid medium" and "solid medium" (Fig. 4, Fig. 7), it has become possible to mass-produce the physiologically active substances pyruvic acid, α-pinene, and indole-3-acetic acid. In addition, it has become possible to mass-produce chitin fiber and chitin nanofiber (Fig. 4, Fig. 12, Fig. 17) derived from the mycelium. The strong solidification of the gypsum makes it difficult to disintegrate even in water, making it possible to use it in paddy fields.

The following describes aspects of the present invention.
[1] A fertilizer containing pyruvic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, and pinene.
[2] A fertilizer containing a mycorrhizal fungus capable of producing pyruvic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, and pinene, and a culture suspension of said fungus.
[3] The fertilizer according to [2], wherein the mycorrhizal fungus is a coniferous symbiotic mycorrhizal fungus, a broadleaf symbiotic mycorrhizal fungus, or a mixture thereof.
[4] Fertilizer [3] in which the symbiotic mycorrhizal fungus of coniferous trees is the matsutake fungus, and the symbiotic mycorrhizal fungus of broad-leaved trees is the truffle Tuber fungus.
[5] A fertilizer according to any one of [2] to [4], in which pyruvic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, pinene, mycorrhizal fungi producing said compounds, and a culture suspension of said fungi are added to and supported on gypsum.
[6] The fertilizer according to [5], further comprising glycerin as a slow solidifying agent.
[7] The fertilizer according to [6], which contains an organic fertilizer as a fertilizer component.
[8] The fertilizer according to [7], wherein the organic fertilizer is industrial waste.
[9] The fertilizer according to [8], wherein the industrial waste is biodegradable plastic (PLA).
[10] The fertilizer according to [5], wherein the gypsum is a mixture of one or more of chitin fiber derived from basidiomycetes, ascomycete mycelium, and fruiting bodies, chitin nanofiber, plant cellulose fiber, and plant nanofiber, and the mixture is solidified.
[11] The fertilizer according to any one of [6] to [10], wherein the gypsum is a mixture of one or more of chitin fiber derived from basidiomycetes, ascomycetes mycelium, and fruiting bodies, chitin nanofiber, plant cellulose fiber, and plant nanofiber, and solidified therewith.

The "multifunctional fertilizer" of the present invention may be in the form of a solid fertilizer using a solidifying agent, a liquid fertilizer such as a suspension, a chemical fertilizer, an organic fertilizer, or a mixture of these fertilizers, and may also be used as a plant activator.

In the case of fixed fertilizers, granules or pellets with a particle size of 3 to 10 mm are preferable, and the slow release period is 1 to 30 days for 3 mm particles, 30 to 100 days for 5 mm particles, and 100 to 150 days for 8 to 10 mm particles.
As for the structure of the fertilizer particles, the fertilizer components may be uniformly dispersed within the particles (kneading method), or the particles of chemical fertilizer or the like may be coated with a gypsum layer (coating method).

FIG. 21 shows a schematic diagram of the form of the "multifunctional fertilizer" of the present invention. FIG. 21 (1) is produced by the coating method, in which a compound fertilizer consisting of an organic fertilizer and a chemical fertilizer is coated with gypsum carrying white truffle Tuber fungus chitin fiber, pyruvic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, and α-pinene, and further, a silicate compound is spray-coated on the surface of the granules to delay dissolution in water, improving the performance of slow release. FIG. 21 (2) is produced by the kneading method, in which an equal amount of chemical fertilizer is mixed with gypsum at a ratio of 1:1, and then a white truffle Tuber fungus culture solution and a Matsutake fungus culture solution are appropriately added to the mixture, kneaded, granulated into particles of an appropriate size in a granulator, and pelletized. The culture solution contains chitin fiber, pyruvic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, and α-pinene. The ingredients to be mixed may be appropriately selected according to the purpose.
FIG. 22 shows images illustrating various multifunctional fertilizer shapes of the present invention, where (1) is pellet-shaped, (2) is crushed granule-shaped, (3) is ball-shaped, (4) is fine pellet-shaped, and (5) is crushed fine granule-shaped.

The white truffle Tuber fungus contained in the multifunctional slow-release gypsum solidified chemical fertilizer of the present invention lives in the soil (Figure 23 (1)).
However, in some cases, the white truffle Tuber fungus may die out if left at room temperature for a long period of time (180 days or more). If you need a multifunctional slow-release gypsum-solidified chemical fertilizer in which the white truffle Tuber fungus lives, you can support a "multifunctional slow-release organic fertilizer" in which the white truffle Tuber fungus lives on the surface of the multifunctional slow-release gypsum-solidified chemical fertilizer (Figure 23 (2)).

Figure 24 shows an experiment on the dissolution of multifunctional slow-release fertilizer in water depending on the mixing ratio of gypsum. The present invention is related to slow-release fertilizers that use gypsum as a solidifying agent, but the mixing ratio of gypsum and various fertilizers greatly affects the slow-release performance. This experiment was conducted because the time it takes for a fertilizer to dissolve and break down is important, especially when used in paddy fields.
Fig. 24 (1) shows 1g particles of the multifunctional slow-release fertilizer of the present invention, and particles were prepared with a mixture ratio of 1.0, 0.8, and 0.5 gypsum to 1 fertilizer raw material. Fig. 24 (2) shows the state of these fertilizer particles after 10 days of immersion in water. The particle in the center of the figure is a particle with a mixture ratio of 1.0 gypsum to 1 fertilizer raw material, and no collapse was observed, but the particle on the left with a mixture ratio of 0.8 gypsum to 1 fertilizer raw material and the particle on the right with a mixture ratio of 0.5 gypsum to 1 fertilizer raw material had begun to collapse. In this way, it was confirmed that if the mixture ratio of gypsum to 1 fertilizer raw material is 1 or more, the fertilizer will not collapse even in water, suggesting that the present fertilizer can be used in paddy fields.

The chemical fertilizers used in this invention include ammonium sulfate (ammonia nitrogen: 21%), ammonium nitrate (nitrate nitrogen: 16% or more, ammonia nitrogen: 16% or more), potassium monophosphate (soluble phosphoric acid: 51.0%, soluble potassium: 34.0%), potassium nitrate (nitrogen: 13%, potassium: 44%), potassium chloride (potassium sulfate) (potassium: 60%, 56%)), calcium superphosphate (phosphoric acid 17.5% (soluble 14.5%)), and urea (nitrogen: 46%). These components are used in appropriate combinations.

The gypsum used as the solidification material in the present invention is a mineral whose main component is calcium sulfate ( _CaSO4 ). Among gypsum, it is preferable to use fine granular alabaster, and in particular to use calcium sulfate produced as a by-product in flue gas desulfurization facilities and crude oil refining facilities, or waste gypsum such as industrial waste gypsum board.
The reason why we focused on gypsum in this invention is that gypsum can be easily mixed with water at room temperature, the viscosity can be changed by adding more or less water, the heat generation temperature can be suppressed by extending the hardening time, and the "heat generation" during the solidification process can be prevented from adversely affecting the white truffle Tuber fungus and Matsutake fungus Tricholoma matsutake fungus of this invention even when they are supported. Furthermore, since the white truffle Tuber fungus and Matsutake fungus can survive and grow even under strong alkaline conditions, they can survive for a long period of time inside and on the surface of gypsum.

Since gypsum solidifies in a short time, this rapid solidification is not desirable when producing fertilizer, and slow solidification is required depending on the granulator. The inventors have discovered that glycerin, which has not been used to slow the solidification of gypsum, is effective. In the future, as the transition from zero carbon dioxide emission missions to biofuels for aircraft fuels progresses, glycerin, which will be produced in large quantities, can be utilized.

26 is an image showing an example of a method for applying the multifunctional slow-release gypsum solid chemical fertilizer of the present invention, which may be applied appropriately to a planting hole (1), applied to the soil surface, applied as a top dressing to the surface of a pot (2), or applied to a paddy field or hydroponic liquid (3). Since the gypsum solidified slow-release fertilizer does not disintegrate in a short time, it can be used as a base fertilizer or a top dressing.
In the case of a multifunctional fertilizer carrying white truffle Tuber fungus, since the white truffle Tuber fungus lives in it, it is desirable to use it with the white truffle Tuber fungus effect as the top priority, rather than the fertilizer effect. When the white truffle Tuber fungus rapidly grows in the soil and grows to saturation, it performs autophagy (suicide) and dissolves part of the mycelium. This dissolution turns the protein, the main component of the mycelium, into an "amino acid fertilizer", which not only enables "reduced fertilizer" cultivation, but also makes it possible to grow without pesticides due to the antibacterial effect of the white truffle Tuber fungus.

With the transition to a carbon-free society, the disposal of biodegradable plastics such as industrial waste plastics (PLA) will rapidly become an important issue in the future. However, PLA is a difficult-to-decompose plastic, and it is difficult to decompose at room temperature. The bacteria that can decompose PLA are "actinomycetes," and their food is "chitin." In this invention, by mixing and supporting "chitin fiber" derived from the mycelium of the white truffle Tuber fungus and the Matsutake fungus Tricholoma matsutake fungus with gypsum and solidifying it, it becomes "food" for the actinomycetes, and the actinomycetes can multiply and settle in the soil. As a result of this settlement, the powdered and granulated PLA is decomposed as food, and the field where this fertilizer is administered becomes a processing plant for industrial waste PLA (Patent Document 3).
This "chitin fiber" is contained in large quantities in the culture suspension of the white truffle Tuber fungus and the Matsutake fungus Tricholoma matsutake fungus, but if even more chitin fiber is needed, it can be collected from waste beds used in mushroom cultivation (Figure 13). By mixing this with gypsum, the gypsum crystal particles are cross-linked, making it possible to produce a solid fertilizer that is resistant to disintegration even in humid conditions, in paddy fields, or underwater.
If the mycelium culture suspension does not contain enough chitin fiber or chitin nanofiber, cellulose fiber can be added, and it is particularly desirable to use recycled paper, recycled cotton fiber, recycled cardboard fiber, etc.
The key to this invention is the use of α-pinene produced by the mycelium of the Matsutake fungus, Tricholoma matsutake. This makes it possible for many crop pest insects, recreating the ecosystem of nature, to avoid crops and fields due to their learning ability, making it possible to cultivate a wide variety of crops completely without or with reduced amounts of pesticides, something that was previously thought to be impossible.

The present invention revolutionizes the conventional concept of fertilizer by incorporating and utilizing symbiotic mycorrhizal fungi of coniferous trees and broad-leaved trees, which have had a major impact on plant evolution and carbon circulation for 300 million years since the Carboniferous Period.
The current population growth of 7 billion has been made possible by crop cultivation using "chemical fertilizers" and the dramatic increase in food production that came with the invention of the Haber-Bosch ammonia synthesis process, which "creates fertilizer from air."
The world population has increased by 4 billion people in the 120 years between 1900 and the present. In this historical context, the role of "chemical fertilizers" today is to increase yields and income.
However, while chemical fertilizers have the benefit of increasing yields and income, their production using the Haber-Bosch ammonia synthesis method, phosphate rock, and potash ore has the drawbacks of consuming a huge amount of energy, destroying the global environment, and emitting huge amounts of greenhouse gases. Furthermore, the "chemical pesticides" that have brought about high yields and increased income have also come to pose major drawbacks in the transition to a decarbonized society, a society where viruses coexist, and an ultra-aging society, due to the health damage and weakening of the immune system caused by residual pesticides.
In such a global situation, the present invention uses symbiotic mycorrhizal fungi of coniferous trees and broad-leaved trees in the fertilizer of the present invention to develop a variety of "multifunctional fertilizers" and "multifunctional plant activators," which not only makes it possible to achieve the Japanese government's 2050 agriculture-related targets of zero carbon dioxide emissions, namely "a 50% reduction in pesticides,""a 40% reduction in chemical fertilizers," and "organic cultivation on 1 million hectares," but also has the unexpected effect of solving a wide range of problems. It can be said that this fertilizer transcends the conventional concept of fertilizer and revolutionizes agriculture in a decarbonized society, a society in which viruses coexist, and a super-aging society.

Various effects that have been demonstrated in a wide range of tests by the present inventors are listed below.
[1] Using this fertilizer makes it possible to grow crops with reduced fertilizer and reduced or no pesticides.
[2] The use of this fertilizer will enable a new farming method called “carbon-recycling organic cultivation,” enabling safe and stable food production.
[3] By incorporating broadleaf and coniferous mycorrhizal fungi in this fertilizer, which fix atmospheric nitrogen and retain mycelium chitin in the soil, the field becomes an ammonia production factory, making it possible to cultivate crops with reduced fertilizer, and enabling stable crop cultivation even in developing countries.
[4] By using gypsum (industrial waste gypsum) as a solidifying agent, it is possible to reduce and prevent marine pollution by marine plastics using a polyolefin resin-coated slow-release chemical fertilizer as a "multifunctional slow-release gypsum solid chemical fertilizer."
[5] By supporting and supporting broadleaf and coniferous mycorrhizal fungi that fix atmospheric nitrogen, carbon-recycling organic farming has become possible. The final products of decomposing organic matter are humic acid, humin, and humic acid, which take 300 to 3,000 years to completely decompose and contain approximately 50% carbon (by weight), making it possible to turn agricultural fields into "carbon dioxide fixation and reduction factories" (Patent Document 6).
[6] By using the fertilizer that contains the white truffle Tuber fungus and Tricholoma matsutake fungus, the risk of disease and insect damage can be reduced and the amount of pesticides used can be reduced.
[7] By applying this fertilizer to rice paddies, pastures, etc., it is possible to curb the emission of methane, a greenhouse gas.
[8] By applying this fertilizer to fields, it is possible to suppress the emission of nitrous oxide gas.
[9] By applying this fertilizer to agricultural fields, the mycorrhizal fungus Tuber fungus will grow in the soil, decompose organic matter, and produce pyruvate, an energy source for eukaryotes. The mycorrhizal fungus will then supply this to the roots of crops, which will compensate for the lack of photosynthesis and help prevent poor growth caused by climate change, such as cloudy weather.
[10] By applying this fertilizer to farm fields, residual pesticides and herbicides in the soil can be broken down, making the soil clean.
[11] By applying this fertilizer to fields where perennial crops and fruit trees are grown, the soil will become a carbon-cycling soil, allowing for stable harvests over many years. [12] By applying this fertilizer to fields where annual crops are grown, the fields will become free from problems caused by continuous cropping, making it possible to grow many crops in the same field.
[13] By applying this fertilizer, most crops will have their root hairs converted to mycorrhizae, which will give them resistance to cold, heat, drought, and humidity. This will enable the crops to withstand climate change, and will enable stable agricultural management.
[14] By spraying a multifunctional plant activator on the leaves, the plant growth is promoted by the plant hormone indole-3-acetate produced in the turbid liquid of the white truffle Tuber fungus and Tricholoma matsutake fungus, resulting in a high yield even with reduced fertilizer cultivation.
[15] By using a multifunctional fertilizer and a multifunctional plant activator, α-pinene produced by the matsutake fungus Tricholoma matsutake can suppress the occurrence of pests such as sap-sucking insects, aphids, mites, stink bugs, thrips, and whiteflies, and can prevent the arrival of lepidopteran insects.
[16] By applying this fertilizer to soil, soil-borne pathogens can be inactivated and put into dormancy.
[17] By using a multifunctional plant activator, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of diseases by inactivating or causing dormancy of fallen spores of pathogens that inhabit the soil surface and phyllosphere and that are airborne.
[18] By using "gypsum" (industrial waste gypsum) as a solidification raw material for multifunctional solid chemical fertilizer, it is possible to recycle the industrial waste gypsum.
[19] By using glycerin, an industrial waste material that will be generated in large quantities from biofuel production in the future, as a slow solidification agent for gypsum, it will be possible to recycle glycerin.
[20] By mixing gypsum with powder or particles of industrial waste biodegradable plastic (PLA), powder or particles of industrial waste organic matter, or industrial waste plant cellulose (fiber, clothing, paper, cardboard, etc.), it is possible to decompose and process industrial waste PLA and industrial waste organic matter.
[21] By mixing chitin fiber derived from waste mushroom cultivation bed mycelium to prevent the gypsum particles from collapsing, a stronger, multifunctional, slow-release solid gypsum chemical fertilizer can be produced, and at the same time, waste mushroom cultivation medium can be recycled.
[22] By applying a suspension of mycelium cultures of Tuber fungus (white truffle) and Tricholoma matsutake fungus to gypsum, the pH of the soil can be adjusted to 6.5 to 7.0, which is ideal for many crops, allowing them to grow steadily without degrading the soil.
[23] Multifunctional organic raw materials can be produced by fermenting wastewater treatment plant residues, methane gas residues, food processing fermentation residues, and livestock waste with the white truffle Tuber fungus, making it possible to recycle a variety of residues.
[24] By using the present fertilizer and plant activator, it is possible to produce "agricultural products that contain almost no pesticides" and to decompose, detoxify, and purify the soil of residual pesticides.
[25] Use of this fertilizer will enable the production of high-quality vegetables, fruits, and grains with high sugar content.
[26] The main raw materials of this fertilizer, the suspension of mycelium cultures of Tuber fungus (white truffle) and Tricholoma matsutake fungus, can be produced using mammalian urine as a medium. This fertilizer can therefore be produced in developing countries, helping to prevent food shortages.
[27] By applying this fertilizer to reforestation areas, broadleaf and coniferous mycorrhizal fungi can inhabit and multiply, making it possible to quickly recreate natural reforestation conditions, reduce carbon dioxide emissions, and help control soil and water quality.
[28] By changing the fertilizer components and particles of the multifunctional slow-release gypsum solid chemical fertilizer, it can be used for a variety of crops and can have a stable fertilizer effect for a long period of time from 1 to 150 days or more.
[29] The white truffle Tuber fungus and Matsutake fungus used in this fertilizer can reproduce at temperatures between 0 and 50 degrees Celsius, making it possible to cultivate crops with reduced fertilizer, reduced pesticide use, or even without fertilizer, using a new carbon-recycling organic method, in all fields from the polar regions to the tropics of the Earth.
[30] The white truffle Tuber fungus and Tricholoma matsutake fungus carried in this fertilizer can survive for 100 to 150 days when stored in a dark place at room temperature, and can be stockpiled.
Even if the bacteria die after long-term storage, "creative fertilizer" can be produced by attaching the organic material to which the bacteria have been added to the surface of fertilizer particles.
[31] Carbon circulation organic cultivation sites can prevent desertification and soil erosion in farm fields.
[32] It can be used on most crops around the world.
[33] It is available in granular and liquid form and can be used in a wide range of fields, from small fields to large areas using fertilizer application machinery.
[34] By incorporating the white truffle Tuber fungus into the fertilizer, the fungus can feed on the fertilizer components, glycerin, and plant cellulose, and reproduce, live, and settle in the field, making it a sustainable field.
[35] Since the freshness of plants can be maintained for a long period of time, long-distance transportation and long-term storage are possible, and the occurrence of diseases during storage can also be suppressed.
[36] Even plants and crops that prefer cool climates, which are expected to be greatly affected by higher temperatures due to climate change, can maintain stable growth, harvest, and quality by using multifunctional fertilizers and multifunctional plant activators.
[37] Multifunctional fertilizers and multifunctional plant activators can be used to reduce the use of fertilizers and pesticides or to cultivate crops without pesticides in non-agricultural fields such as factory sites, parks, golf courses, rooftops, street greening, home gardens, and hobby gardening.
[38] The invention is suitable for almost all crops and plants in fields, paddy fields, land, wetlands, and mountains, and can achieve the object of the invention in all areas from the tropical zone to the tropical zone.
[39] By spraying this multifunctional plant activator on crops, pollen fertility and pistil fertility are increased, the fertility rate of self-pollinating crops is increased, and the need for honeybee pollination is eliminated for strawberries and other crops, which can reduce the cost of purchasing honeybees. Furthermore, since various self-pollinating crops do not require insects visiting flowers (pollination), stable production is possible.

One of the reasons why the fertilizer of the present invention is endowed with the above-mentioned multifunctionality is that it contains broadleaf mycorrhizal fungi and coniferous mycorrhizal fungi (Figure 6), which have the diverse functions of coexisting with and helping the growth of wild plants in nature, and by reproducing the natural vegetation of the earth in a farm field, it has been successful in modifying the roots of crops to become "mycorrhizal" like the roots of wild plants (Figure 27).
Furthermore, by utilizing the ability of many insects that are pests of crops to learn about α-pinene, α-pinene can be sprayed on cultivated crops and fields to prevent the insects from approaching the crops and fields, making it possible to grow a variety of crops completely without pesticides.

Images of the white truffle Tuber fungus fruiting body and Matsutake mushroom fruiting body used in this invention Image of polyolefin resin chemical slow-release fertilizer, which is believed to be the cause of marine pollution A schematic diagram explaining the mechanism by which pyruvic acid and indole-3-acetic acid produced by the truffle Tuber complement plant photosynthesis. Images of Tricholoma matsutake mycelium, chitin fiber production, and α-pinene production An image showing mycelium grown on a solid medium of the mycelium-growing fungus used in the present invention. Image of Tricholoma matsutake fungus mycelium culture suspension White truffle Tuber mycelium culture suspension images Images of soil application experiment of the multifunctional slow release compound fertilizer of the present invention Image of solid material of multifunctional slow release gypsum solid chemical fertilizer Images of vegetable oil production, vegetable oil waste, and glycerin mixed into multifunctional slow-release gypsum solid chemical fertilizer Gypsum solidification slowed by adding glycerin Underwater disintegration experiment Image of chitin nanofibers from white truffle Tuber mycelium Image of white wood-rotting fungal mycelium recovered from waste mushroom beds Images of an experiment to produce chitin fiber from white truffle Tuber mycelium using plant tissue (weed) Images of multifunctional slow release organic fertilizer raw materials, crop residues, and rapeseed crop residues for rapeseed oil production Image of organic fertilizer made from fish meat fermented with the truffle Tuber fungus Mass production of white truffle Tuber mycelium culture suspension using mammalian urine Image of organic fertilizer produced by fermenting rapeseed meal with white truffle Tuber fungus Cultivation experiment of bok choy using organic fertilizer made from wastewater treatment plant residue containing white truffle Tuber Water immersion experiment of multifunctional slow release gypsum solid chemical fertilizer with different particle sizes Schematic diagram of multi-functional slow-release compound fertilizer Images showing examples of the shapes and types of multifunctional fertilizers White truffle Tuber fungus habitat Multifunctional slow release gypsum solid chemical fertilizer creation Experiment on the dissolution of multi-functional slow release fertilizer in water by mixing ratio of gypsum Bacteria survival experiment of white truffle Tuber-supported multifunctional compound slow-release fertilizer Image showing an example of how to apply multifunctional slow-release gypsum solid chemical fertilizer Image showing the results of a test on the formation of mycorrhizae in strawberries using white truffle Tuber fungus and multifunctional slow-release gypsum solid chemical fertilizer White truffle Tuber fungus, a multifunctional plant activator used in strawberry pesticide-free seedling cultivation experiments Cultivation of bok choy using a multifunctional organic fertilizer made from white truffle Tuber fungus fermented with water purification plant residue Biodegradable plastic: Images of the mixing of industrial waste PLA granules into a multifunctional slow-release solidified fertilizer and the underwater disintegration experiment Verification experiment of the effective storage period of multifunctional plant activation solution Experiment on the effects of α-pinene on plants (phytotoxicity) Experiment to confirm the insect repellent effect of α-pinene Strawberry cultivation experiment using "multi-functional compound slow-release fertilizer" that contains the white truffle Tuber fungus Cultivation experiment of "real wasabi" in a greenhouse using "multifunctional slow-release gypsum solid chemical fertilizer" and "multifunctional plant activator" that are inhabited by white truffle Tuber mycorrhizal fungi Experiment on the effect of spraying "multifunctional plant activator" containing white truffle Tuber fungus on clover pasture growth Rice cultivation experiment using "multifunctional plant activator" inhabited by white truffle Tuber fungus and multifunctional slow-release gypsum solid chemical fertilizer Chinese cabbage cultivation experiment using the multifunctional slow-release solid gypsum chemical fertilizer of the present invention Experiments on preventing strawberry anthracnose and pests using a multifunctional liquid fertilizer (activator) containing white truffle Tuber fungus Lettuce cultivation experiment using white truffle Tuber fungus-supported multifunctional slow-release gypsum solid chemical fertilizer Experiment to supplement photosynthetic deficiency using multifunctional slow-release gypsum fertilizer carrying white truffle Tuber Experiments on growing Chinese cabbage and strawberries using specially designed white truffle Tuber fungus multifunctional organic fertilizer Dianthus growth promotion experiment using a multifunctional composite plant activator made from white truffle Tuber fungus Preventing high temperature damage by using white truffle Tuber fungus, "multifunctional slow-release solid gypsum chemical fertilizer" and "multifunctional plant activator" in combination, and experimenting with strawberry cultivation to supplement photosynthesis Rice seedling raising experiment using the truffle Tuber fungus "multifunctional compound slow-release fertilizer" and the white truffle Tuber fungus "multifunctional plant activator" Experimental study on insect pest repellency using gypsum particles carrying a suspension containing α-pinene produced by mycelium culture of Tricholoma matsutake fungus An experiment to prevent "nitrite absorption disorder" in tomatoes using "multifunctional slow-release solid gypsum fertilizer" inhabited by the white truffle Tuber fungus Celery cultivation experiment using multifunctional slow-release solidified chemical fertilizer 10mm particles Experimental study on the freshness extension of cut roses by α-pinene contained in mycelium suspension of Tricholoma matsutake fungus Antibacterial experiment of endophytic bacteria using α-pinene solution produced by Matsutake fungus Experiment to suppress the proliferation of methanogens by applying a multifunctional slow-release solid gypsum fertilizer containing white truffle Tuber to paddy fields Experiment on the effect of soil irrigation with multifunctional liquid chemical fertilizer on sowing and germination Experiments on greening and turfgrass cultivation in areas other than agricultural fields using multifunctional fertilizers and multifunctional plant activators Experimental study on the cultivation of strawberries without pesticides using a multifunctional slow release gypsum solidified chemical fertilizer and a functional plant activator Experiment to increase the self-fertility rate of strawberry by foliar spraying of multifunctional plant activators Experiments to measure mycelium growth rate in liquid culture using Tricholoma matsutake fungus species Tricholoma matsutake culture medium α-pinene content test A photo of the Matsutake mushroom artificial shiro used in the supplementary experiment of the α-pinene content test experiment in Figure 57 Aphid prevention experiment using α-pinene solution produced by liquid culture suspension of Tricholoma matsutake fungus 2020sagae strain and turpentine oil (main components: α-pinene and β-pinene)

The following describes examples of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these.

Experiment 1: Mass production experiment of Tricholoma matsutake mycelium solid medium
Matsutake fruiting bodies were obtained from China, Canada, and various parts of Japan, and were cultivated on the same mushroom bed. There are regional variations in Matsutake fungi, and their characteristics change depending on the place of origin, "Shiro," and there are differences in mycelial growth rate and α-pinene production capacity.
Figure 4 (1) is an image of the mycelium of Matsutake from Yamagata, which had the fastest growth rate. Matsutake is a mycorrhizal fungus that lives symbiotically with pine trees, but there is a big difference between the mycelium formation in the culture bed of basidiomycete white wood-rotting fungi, which are common edible mushrooms. In the case of Matsutake, the mycelium forms in huge clumps from the culture bottle bed. There are two stages of mycelium formation. It seems that the fruiting body, "Matsutake," will emerge from this. Figure 4 (2) is an image taken from directly above.
Figure 4 (3) is an electron microscope photograph of the mycelium, and Figure 4 (4) is the Matsutake culture suspension after the mycelium was crushed with a juicer and filtered. After 10 days of culture, the culture solution contains a large amount of "α-pinene" desired by the present invention (Figure 57), and the "multi-functional fertilizer" of the present invention is produced by carrying this solution in fertilizer.

Experiment 2: Analysis of the white truffle Tuber mycelium culture suspension
The white truffle Tuber fungus was cultured in a 300 cc Erlenmeyer flask using 1000 cc of water, 3 g of Hyponex, 30 g of sugar, 30 cc of mushroom fruiting body extract solution (pH 5.5), autoclaved, at room temperature, in a bright place, and a suspension of mycelium culture of the white truffle Tuber fungus was obtained (Figure 6).
The results of analyzing its components are as follows: The analysis of the sample was carried out by Shanghai WEIPU Technology Group Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).

Pyruvic acid 0.6%
Choline chloride 0.01-0.02%
Chitin 0.003-0.007%
Sugar 0.3-0.8%
Protein 0.5-1.5%
3-Hydroxybutyric acid 0.001-0.005%
Indole-3-acetic acid 0.00005-0.00015%

Experiment 3: Olfactory measurement of α-pinene in mycelium culture suspension of Tricholoma matsutake
The Matsutake fungus was cultured in a 300 cc Erlenmeyer flask using PGY medium, 1000 cc of water, 20 g of glucose, ₂ g of peptone, 2 g of yeast extract, 0.5 g of MgSO4 _7H2O , 0.5 _{g of KH2PO4} , pH 4.5, at room temperature, in a bright place, to obtain a Tricholoma matsutake mycelium culture suspension (Figure 7). An experiment was carried out to determine the amount of α-pinene contained in this liquid by olfactory measurement.
Odor testing is a delicate process, and there are two main methods for measuring odors. One is the component concentration display method, which uses analytical equipment such as a gas chromatograph to measure and display the odor substances and concentrations. The other is a method that uses the human sense of smell.
As the repellent effect of the present invention relies on the pest's sense of smell, it would be ideal to use the insect's sense of smell for the test, but as such technology has not yet been developed, the presence or absence of α-pinene production in the above-mentioned Tricholoma matsutake fungus culture solution was tested using human olfaction, by testing for the presence or absence of the α-pinene smell every day at 10 am for 7 to 10 days during the culture period. If there was no smell, it was deemed that α-pinene was not being produced. (It is said that the sense of smell of pests is several million times more powerful than that of humans, so if humans can detect it, naturally pests can detect it as well.)
Figure 56 (1) shows a culture flask of Tricholoma matsutake on the fifth day of culture, with no invading bacteria. No smell was detected at all.
Figure 56 (2) shows that on the 10th day of cultivation, Tricholoma matsutake was in a state of saturation and gave off a strong odor. This is presumably because the saturation caused stress to the Tricholoma matsutake, causing them to produce a large amount of α-pinene.
Figure 56 (3) shows a flask that had been invaded by bacteria on the fifth day of culture. The odor of α-pinene was detectable.
Figure 56 (4): On the 10th day of cultivation, a strong mixed odor of α-pinene and bacteria was detected.
The fact that the inventor can sense an odor can be assumed to be due to the olfactory ability of pests, that a strong odor is being emitted.
It is thought that the invasion of harmful bacteria causes stress, and Tricholoma matsutake produces α-pinene, which has antibacterial properties, to defend itself from the bacteria. There is no such thing as a sterile environment in nature.
The culture suspension of Tricholoma matsutake used in the present invention is that which produces α-pinene after 10 days of culture based on the above test results.

Experiment 4: To confirm that the white truffle Tuber fungus, a white wood-rotting fungus, can ferment animal-derived ingredients.
The diverse enzyme group of the white truffle Tuber fungus includes enzymes that break down natural "proteins." This test confirmed that adding a small amount of sugar to animal meat can cause the white truffle Tuber fungus to ferment.
In this experiment, dried bonito flakes (Fig. 16 (1)) were used as a sample. 10g of dried bonito flakes, 1g of sugar, and 90% moisture were added with 5cc of white truffle Tuber culture solution, and cultured under conditions of minimum 15℃, maximum 30℃, and humidity of about 90% (Fig. 16 (2)). After 4 days of fermentation, as shown in Fig. 16 (3), the protein in the dried bonito flakes was broken down by the white truffle Tuber fungus, and the mixture became mushy and lost its original shape.

Experiment 5: Production of chitin fiber from white truffle Tuber mycelium in mammalian urine medium
Figure 17 shows an experiment to produce chitin fiber from the mycelium of the white truffle Tuber fungus by using mammalian urine as a medium. Urine is sterile when it is excreted. Eventually, bacteria grow and urea becomes ammonia, but the white truffle Tuber fungus can grow by putting bacteria into a dormant state.
Mammalian urine is about 98% water and contains about 2% urea produced by protein metabolism, as well as trace amounts of ions such as chloride, sodium, potassium, magnesium, and phosphate, as well as creatinine, uric acid, ammonia, and hormones.
When used for culturing white truffle Tuber fungus, urine contains nitrogen and mineral sources, but lacks sugar. For this reason, 3 g of sugar was added per 100 g of urine to make a white truffle Tuber fungus medium, to which 5 cc of the white truffle Tuber fungus culture suspension was added (Fig. 17 (1)). A 300 cc Erlenmeyer flask was used, and the culture was carried out under conditions of a minimum temperature of 15°C and a maximum temperature of 30°C. Fig. 17 (2) shows the state of growth of the white truffle Tuber fungus after 3 days of culture, and Fig. 17 (3) shows the state of growth of the white truffle Tuber fungus after 7 days of culture. The mycelium grows on the liquid surface, and mycelium chitin fiber can be collected by filtration. In addition, the solution contains pyruvic acid and indole-3-acetic acid, which are physiologically active substances, so it can be used as a plant vitality agent.

Experiment 6: Production experiment of mycelium (chitin fiber, chitin nanofiber) using white truffle Tuber fungus and rapeseed meal
FIG. 18 shows an experiment on the production of chitin fiber and chitin nanofiber using mycelium and rapeseed meal (FIG. 15), and on the production of organic fertilizer fermented with white truffle Tuber fungus.
5g of white sugar was added to 100g of rapeseed meal, and 5cc of a suspension of the white truffle Tuber fungus culture was added, and fermented under the conditions of 90% humidity, 15℃ minimum temperature, and 35℃ maximum temperature. Figure 18(1) shows the fermentation state of the white truffle Tuber fungus on the 4th day of culture, Figure 18(2) shows the fermentation state of the white truffle Tuber fungus on the 7th day of culture, and Figure 18(3) shows the fermentation state of the white truffle Tuber fungus on the 10th day of culture, where a large amount of mycelium was formed, and the formation of a large amount of "chitin fiber" was confirmed.
When producing white truffle Tuber fungus fermented organic fertilizer, vegetable oil residues such as rapeseed meal, soybean meal, and cottonseed meal are used and fermented with white truffle Tuber fungus to produce organic fertilizer, and at the same time, they are used as raw materials for the multifunctional fertilizer compound slow-release fertilizer of the present invention. At the same time, it is possible to mass-produce mycelium during white truffle Tuber fungus fermentation, and the "chitin fiber" and "chitin nanofiber" derived from this mycelium were used to harden gypsum firmly.

Experiment 7: Cultivation of bok choy using white truffle Tuber fermented multifunctional organic fertilizer made from water purification plant residue
In Fig. 19, sugar and white truffle Tuber fungus were added to the wastewater treatment plant residue to modify it into a multifunctional organic fertilizer fermented with white truffle Tuber fungus, and bok choy was cultivated using this fertilizer. 5g of sugar and 5cc of white truffle Tuber fungus culture solution were added to 1000cc of the wastewater treatment plant residue shown in Fig. 19 (1), and the state of growth of white truffle Tuber fungus after fermentation for 10 days under the conditions of a minimum culture temperature of 10°C, a maximum of 30°C, and a humidity of 90% is shown in Fig. 19 (2). By adding sugar, "pyruvic acid" and "plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid" were produced from sugar by the white truffle Tuber fungus fermentation, making it an innovative organic fertilizer. When the obtained fertilizer was administered at 5-10g per plant to the soil surface of a bok choy cultivation planter, the bok choy grew healthily as shown in Fig. 19 (3).

Experiment 8: Water immersion experiment of multifunctional slow release gypsum solid chemical fertilizer particles
FIG. 20 shows the results of a water immersion experiment of multifunctional slow-release gypsum solid chemical fertilizer depending on the particle size. In the images taken 150 days after immersion in water, all of the 3 mm, 5 mm, and 8 to 10 mm particles retained their original shape and no disintegration was observed.
A necessary condition for a slow-release fertilizer is that it has the ability to supply fertilizer to crops over a long period of time. In this test, a multifunctional slow-release gypsum solid chemical fertilizer mixed with glycerin, chitin fiber, plant cellulose, and PLA was used. The multifunctional slow-release gypsum solid chemical fertilizer of the present invention has a fertilizer effect period depending on the particle size, ranging from 1 to 30 days for 3 mm particles, 30 to 80 days for 5 mm particles, and 80 to 15 days for 8 to 10 mm particles. This experiment demonstrated that it is possible to manufacture a slow-release chemical fertilizer for paddy fields using "gypsum solidification."

Experiment 9: Survival experiment of white truffle Tuber fungus supported by multifunctional compound slow-release fertilizer
The diverse characteristics of the white truffle Tuber fungus, which are unparalleled to other microorganisms, make it possible to cultivate the truffle with "groundbreaking reduced fertilizer, reduced pesticides, and no pesticides." This experiment was conducted to determine the survival period of the white truffle Tuber fungus supported by fertilizer.
1 g of the “white truffle Tuber fungus multifunctional compound slow-release fertilizer” 60 days after production (stored at room temperature) was placed in water and kept at a minimum temperature of 15°C and a maximum temperature of 20°C (Figure 25 (1)).
Figure 25 (2) shows the state 7 days after being placed in the water. A biofilm of the white truffle Tuber fungus has formed on the water surface, and the fertilizer particles are no longer visible.
This experiment demonstrated that the white truffle Tuber fungus in the "White Truffle Tuber Fungus Multifunctional Complex Slow Release Fertilizer" hardened with gypsum does not lose its activity even at least 60 days after production.

Experiment 10: Mycorrhizalization of crops using white truffle Tuber fungus
One of the objectives of this invention is to produce crops with mycorrhizae that can withstand high temperatures caused by global warming using a multifunctional fertilizer made from white truffle Tuber fungus.
Strawberry seedlings, which prefer cool climates, are cultivated in the scorching heat of midsummer, so further global warming in the future will make cultivating them even more difficult. To overcome this, it is necessary to change the seedlings from the time of cultivation to "mycorrhizal strawberries" similar to wild strawberries in their natural habitat, rather than "hairy root strawberries". By applying white truffle Tuber fungus multifunctional slow-release solid gypsum fertilizer, it is possible to artificially cultivate mycorrhizal strawberries by symbiotically cultivating them with white truffle Tuber fungus.
Figure 27 (1) is an image of mycorrhizae of strawberry artificially made into mycorrhizae by fertilizing a nursery pot with white truffle Tuber fungus multifunctional slow-release gypsum solid chemical fertilizer, and there are no root hairs. Figure 27 (2) is an enlarged image of the mycorrhizae.
When they become mycorrhizal, they become roots that can absorb silicic acid. Although silicic acid is not an essential element for plants, it is called the 17th element, which vitrifies and strengthens plant tissues. By absorbing silicic acid, the cells and tissues of the crop become vitrified lignin and vitrified cell membranes, making the crop stronger and deterring pests. Currently, organically grown roots cannot absorb silicic acid, which has a large molecular weight of 150, due to their root hairs. This causes great damage from pests and leads to failure in organic farming. By administering this fertilizer, it is possible to artificially modify the roots to be able to absorb silicic acid, which not only forms strong tissues, but also allows the roots to absorb the pyruvic acid and plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid contained in this fertilizer, making it possible to supplement photosynthesis deficiencies, promote growth, and prevent aging, and to produce crops that can withstand extreme heat.
Figure 27 (3) shows the state in which strawberry leaves have become silicic acid cells due to the absorption of silicic acid by mycorrhizae, and a silicic acid cuticle layer has been formed. Figure 27 (4) is an enlarged image of a strawberry leaf, and the water discharged from the strawberry leaf (gutting phenomenon) has dried and crystallized into silicic acid (the white part on the edge of the leaf).
In the case of organic cultivation, the root hairs will be as shown in Figure 27 (5). However, since the root hairs are sensitive to dryness and need to grow back every 5 to 7 days, the lack of energy for the root hairs to regrow will be caused by the lack of photosynthesis due to high temperatures. If care is not taken, the plants will grow poorly in the summer, and the yield will decrease.

Experiment 11: <Pesticide-free strawberry seedling cultivation experiment using white truffle Tuber fungus, a multifunctional plant activator>
When a 30-fold diluted solution of the white truffle Tuber fungus multifunctional plant activator (filtrate of mycelium suspension) was sprayed on the leaves of strawberries, the white truffle Tuber fungus had grown and spread its mycelium on the surface of the pot 10 days later (see arrows) as shown in Figure 28 (1). In addition, when the white truffle Tuber fungus multifunctional slow-release gypsum solid chemical fertilizer was applied to the soil surface of strawberries, the mycelium of the white truffle Tuber fungus had grown on the surface of the pot 15 days later (see arrows) as shown in Figure 28 (1).
This experiment suggests that the white truffle Tuber fungus can live and settle in the soil, inactivate disease-causing bacteria, and fix nitrogen in the air, making it possible to achieve "cultivation with reduced fertilizers,""cultivation with reduced or no pesticides," and "carbon-recycling organic cultivation."

Experiment 12: Experiment to keep peaches fresh by spraying a multifunctional plant activator
Peaches have a very short shelf life and are difficult to transport, so extending their freshness and shelf life by even a few days would allow them to be supplied to distant consumer areas. Therefore, we sprayed a 30-fold diluted solution of a multifunctional plant activator made from white truffle Tuber fungus (filtrate of mycelium suspension) onto peaches (variety: Koukan) to conduct an experiment to suppress the proliferation of disease-causing bacteria and extend freshness by supplementing with pyruvic acid. Figure 29 (1) shows the condition at the time of spraying, and Figure 29 (2) shows the condition 5 days after spraying. No disease was observed and the fruit was in good condition without becoming soft.

Experiment 13: <Underwater disintegration experiment of gypsum fertilizer mixed with industrial waste polylactic acid plastic>
PLA industrial waste plastics are increasing in a decarbonized society, but it takes time to decompose, so PLA may become a new "waste." The present invention also has the objective of solving the industrial waste PLA problem (Patent Document 3) by mixing this PLA with the fertilizer of the present invention, and stably propagating actinomycetes in the soil that feed on chitin produced by the white truffle Tuber fungus. In this experiment, the stability of the gypsum solidified fertilizer of the present invention when PLA is mixed was examined.
Figure 30 (1) shows fine granules of industrial waste PLA used in the present invention, Figure 30 (2) shows gypsum particles mixed with 10% industrial waste polylactic acid plastic, and Figure 30 (3) is an image taken 10 days after immersion in water, demonstrating that 10% PLA mixed with gypsum does not disintegrate even in water.

Experiment 14: Verification experiment of the effective storage period of the multifunctional plant activation solution
The effective shelf life of the multifunctional plant activation solution depends on whether or not the white truffle Tuber fungus and Tricholoma matsutake fungus living in the solution survive when stored at room temperature.
The left side of Figure 22 shows the state 10 days after planting the white truffle Tuber fungus and the Matsutake fungus on the right in a new liquid medium, and the right side of Figure 22 shows the state after the test started on December 1, 2020, and was stored in a bright place in a greenhouse at room temperature (minimum temperature 5°C, maximum temperature 43°C) until December 24, 2021 (the state at the start of the experiment was as shown on the left). Even after one year of storage, the two fungi were still alive.

Experiment 15: Experiment on the effects of α-pinene on plants (phytotoxicity)
In order to investigate the effect of α-pinene produced by Matsutake on plants, a 100-fold diluted suspension of Matsutake mycelium was drenched in the soil immediately after sowing Chinese cabbage, but there was no effect on germination as shown in Figure 32 (1). In addition, when a 100-fold diluted suspension of Matsutake mycelium was drenched in the soil on the leaf surface of germinated lettuce, there was no effect on the growth of the lettuce as shown in Figure 32 (2).

Experiment 16 <Experiment on the insect repellent effect of α-pinene>
In order to confirm the pest repellent effect of α-pinene produced by Matsutake, an experiment was conducted by spraying the multifunctional plant activator of the present invention (filtrate of mycelium suspension) on the leaf surfaces of crop plants.
FIG. 33(1) shows that a 30-fold diluted solution of the “multifunctional plant activator” was sprayed on the leaves of cucumber plants at 10-day intervals, and no occurrence of pests such as aphids or diseases such as downy mildew was observed.
The left side of Figure 33 (2) shows a cabbage that had been sprayed with a 30-fold diluted solution of the “multifunctional plant activator” on its leaves at 10-day intervals. The untreated cabbage on the right was severely damaged by caterpillars, whereas the cabbage that had no damage at all was damaged by caterpillars.
This experiment confirmed that the diluted α-pinene solution contained in the "multifunctional plant activator" of the present invention has a repellent effect against a variety of pests.

Experiment 17: Strawberry cultivation experiment using "multi-functional compound slow-release fertilizer" inhabited by white truffle Tuber fungus
An experiment was conducted on the cultivation of strawberries without using any pesticides using the "multifunctional compound slow-release fertilizer" that uses the gypsum of the present invention as a solidifying agent.
Strawberry seeds were sown in No. 6 pots filled with medium-grain Akadama soil, and the following "multi-functional complex slow-release fertilizer" containing fertilizer components (nitrogen: 6, phosphorus: 6, potassium: 15) and functional components (pyruvic acid, indole-3-acetic acid α-pinene) containing the white truffle Tuber fungus was applied to the leaves at 15-day intervals:
Low-fertilizer area: White truffle Tuber bacteria habitat "Multifunctional compound slow-release fertilizer" 3g
Standard fertilizer area White truffle Tuber bacteria habitat "Multifunctional compound slow release fertilizer" 6g
In Figure 34 (1), the left side shows a low-fertilizer plot and the right side shows a standard fertilizer plot. The state was shown 10 days after sowing. The strawberries in the standard fertilizer plot on the right have larger plant height and leaves than the low-fertilizer plot on the left. It is clear that pyruvic acid is compensating for the lack of photosynthesis and that indole-3-acetic acid is promoting growth.
Figure 34 (2) shows the size of strawberry leaves in the standard fertilizer plot, but fertilizer alone would not have produced leaves this large.
Strawberries are the crop that has had the most pesticide applications of any crop, with "Amaou" varieties using pesticides about 70 times and "Tochiotome" varieties using pesticides about 50 times. However, in this experiment, there were no cases of pests or diseases for 10 days after sowing.

Experiment 18 <True Wasabi cultivation experiment in a greenhouse using "multifunctional slow-release gypsum solid chemical fertilizer" and "multifunctional plant activator" that are home to white truffle Tuber mycorrhizal fungi>
Real wasabi (mountain wasabi) is a cruciferous plant native to Japan that prefers cool climates and grows naturally near the clear waters of deep mountains. For this reason, it is cultivated in special "wasabi fields" in areas with flowing water that maintains a constant temperature all year round, such as Izu and Azumino. Cultivation on flat land is almost impossible, as it grows poorly in high temperatures. Using this "real wasabi" as test material, we conducted tests on the heat resistance of the "multifunctional plant activator" and supplementing photosynthetic deficiency (caused by high temperatures).
[Experimental Method]
The wasabi seedlings were planted in No. 6 plastic pots using Pelepost (product name, manufactured by Mogami Ranen Co., Ltd.) as culture soil and cultivated in a greenhouse.
The fertilizer used was 6 g of the "multifunctional slow-release compound fertilizer" of the present invention, and a 30-fold diluted solution of the "multifunctional plant activator" was sprayed on the leaves at 15-day intervals. The plants were cultivated for six months (November to May: minimum 5°C, maximum 28°C), and then cultivated under natural temperature control for the following three and a half months (June to mid-September: minimum 18°C to 25°C, maximum 25°C to 43°C).
FIG. 35(1) shows the condition on August 15th (minimum temperature 24° C., maximum temperature 41° C.), and (2) is an image taken from directly above.
This experiment involved cultivation under conditions that were significantly higher than the optimum temperature for growing "real wasabi," but the plants grew vigorously and showed no signs of succumbing to the summer heat. This is thought to be due to the effects of "pyruvic acid," which supplies and complements energy, and the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid. This suggests that crops that have become weak in heat tolerance due to climate change can be produced stably by administering a multifunctional fertilizer, a compound slow-release fertilizer, and a multifunctional tonic.

Experiment 19: <Experiment on the effect of spraying "multifunctional plant activator" inhabited by white truffle Tuber fungus on the growth of clover and pasture grass>
Global warming caused by climate change has significantly hindered the growth of grass and clover in livestock farming. Both dairy cows and clover prefer cool climates, so if the growth of grass, which they feed on, is "suffered by summer" and production decreases, milk production decreases and the price of dairy products rises. This invention solves this problem by spraying a "multifunctional plant stimulant" and conducting experiments to increase and stabilize the yield of grass by "heat resistance" and "growth promotion" in the same way as "real wasabi".
[Experimental Method]
As soon as the snow melted on the clover, a 30-fold diluted solution of a multifunctional plant vitalizer (a filtered suspension of mycelium of the white truffle Tuber fungus) was applied at 15-day intervals from early April until late July.
FIG. 36 (1) shows a test field for clover, with circles indicating areas sprayed with a multifunctional plant tonic and squares indicating untreated areas.
Figure 36 (2) shows the condition of the area sprayed with the multifunctional plant vitalizer 30 days after the start of the experiment. The plants showed vigorous growth without succumbing to the summer heat, and continued to grow stems and leaves without blooming, resulting in a large harvest.
Figure 36 (3) shows the condition of the untreated area 30 days after the start of the experiment. The plants are aging due to the high temperature and flowering to produce offspring before going dormant. They eventually enter "dormancy" until late September. In this state, it is impossible to harvest grass from July to September.
Figure 36 (4) shows a comparison of the leaves in the multifunctional plant tonic treatment area and the untreated area one month after the start of the experiment. It is the same location and the same clover, but the huge stems and leaves in the multifunctional plant tonic treatment area have proven to be resistant to the intense heat.

Experiment 20: Rice cultivation experiment using "multifunctional plant activator" inhabited by white truffle Tuber fungus and multifunctional slow-release gypsum solid chemical fertilizer
We conducted an experiment to confirm the effect and influence on rice growth when the white truffle Tuber fungus multifunctional fertilizer, composite slow-release fertilizer, and multifunctional plant vitalizer of the present invention were used in reduced-fertilizer rice cultivation.
[Experimental Method]
Test material: Rice (Sasanishiki) (Figure 37 (1))
Three No. 5 plastic pots were prepared. Each pot was filled with small granular Akadama soil containing zero fertilizer, and rice was planted (Figure 37 (2)).
Section 1: Multifunctional fertilizer, slow-release compound fertilizer (nitrogen: 6, phosphorus: 6, potassium: 10%) 5g
A 30-fold diluted solution of the multifunctional plant vitalizer was sprayed on the leaves at 15-day intervals from the start of the experiment. Area 2: No fertilizer
A 30-fold diluted solution of the multifunctional plant vitalizer was sprayed on the leaves at 15-day intervals from the start of the experiment. Area 3: No treatment. Figure 37 (3) shows the condition one and a half months after planting.
In the first area, the combination of a multifunctional fertilizer, a compound slow-release fertilizer, and a multifunctional plant vitalizer showed excellent growth.
In the second area, no fertilizer was used, and only a multifunctional plant tonic was sprayed on the leaves, but the plants were able to grow without fertilizer. This is thought to be due to the energy supply provided by the multifunctional plant tonic "pyruvic acid" and the effect of the plant hormone "indole-3-acetic acid."
Area 3: Growth in an area where no fertilizer was used. Comparing areas 2 and 3, the growth was clearly inferior.

Experiment 21 <Chinese cabbage cultivation experiment using the multifunctional slow-release gypsum solid chemical fertilizer of the present invention>
Chinese cabbage (Matsushima No. 2) was used as the test material.
No. 6 plastic pots were filled with Akadama medium-sized fertilizer (containing no fertilizer) and 6 g of slow-release chemical fertilizer carrying white truffle Tuber spp. (ingredients N6, P6 K10) was applied per pot. The seedlings were planted 20 days after sowing.
FIG. 38(1) shows the condition 20 days after planting, and FIG. 38(2) is an enlarged view thereof, from which it can be seen that the plant is growing well.

Experiment 22: <Experiment on strawberry anthracnose and pest control using a multifunctional liquid fertilizer (activator) containing white truffle Tuber fungus>
"Anthracnose,""Yellowwilt," and "Powdery mildew" are the three major diseases in strawberry cultivation, and eradication has been impossible until now. Since it was confirmed that these disease-causing fungi can be inactivated by the white truffle Tuber fungus in a test tube experiment (Patent Document 4), and it is expected that α-pinene produced by the mycelium of the Matsutake fungus Tricholoma matsutake fungus will suppress the reproduction of sap-sucking pests such as aphids, mites, thrips, and whiteflies, an experiment was conducted on cultivating strawberries completely without pesticides.
[Experimental Method]
A 30-fold diluted solution of the white truffle Tuber fungus multifunctional plant activator was sprayed on strawberries grown outdoors at 15-day intervals from early April.
Figure 39 (1) shows the state six months after no treatment, when all the strawberry plants had withered and died.
FIG. 39(2) shows the state of the plant six months after the application of the activator of the present invention, in which anthracnose was suppressed and the plant was growing healthily.

Experiment 23: Lettuce cultivation experiment using white truffle Tuber-supported multifunctional slow-release gypsum solid chemical fertilizer
Lettuce is a vegetable that prefers cool climates, but due to high temperatures caused by global warming and the outbreak of diseases caused by torrential rains, production has become unstable in the summer, and prices have often skyrocketed. This is because the areas suitable for growing lettuce are limited, and soil deterioration has also become a problem.
To improve this situation, since the current application of compost and chemical fertilizers will lead to an increased incidence of soil diseases, we conducted a lettuce cultivation test using a slow-release compound fertilizer carrying the white truffle Tuber fungus on flat land in the summer.
This fertilizer contains pyruvic acid, which supplies energy to withstand the heat, indole-3-acetic acid, which promotes growth, white truffle Tuber fungus, which inactivates soil-borne pathogens, and α-pinene, so it is expected that it will be able to solve the summer production problems of lettuce.
[Experimental Method]
A No. 5 plastic pot was filled with a mixture of 80% Akadama soil and 20% leaf mold, and 6 g of slow-release compound fertilizer (N6, P6, K10) carrying white truffle Tuber fungus was applied.
Head lettuce was used as the test material. Seeds were sown on May 25th, planted in No. 3 pots on June 3rd (Figure 40 (1)), and then planted one week later in No. 5 plastic pots.
Figure 40 (2) shows the state of the lettuce 10 days after planting in a No. 5 plastic pot. As the image shows, it grew well even in midsummer, suggesting that this fertilizer is highly effective for growing lettuce.

Experiment 24: <Photosynthesis deficiency supplement experiment using multifunctional slow-release gypsum fertilizer carrying white truffle Tuber fungus>
Climate change is threatening stable crop production through high temperatures, cloudy days, rainy weather, and other factors that cause "lack of photosynthesis," resulting in poor growth, reduced quality, poor fruit coloring, and the collapse of the system of appropriate production in appropriate locations.
The purpose of this invention is to develop a fertilizer that can solve these problems by incorporating the white truffle Tuber fungus-produced pyruvic acid and the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid into the fertilizer, thereby supplementing energy and promoting growth and preventing aging through the indole-3-acetic acid, thereby enabling stable production.
Therefore, using Chinese cabbage as a test material, a growth test was carried out when the fertilizer of the present invention was administered under conditions of sufficient light and in a place with partial sunshine deficiency.
A Chinese cabbage was grown in a No. 6 plastic pot, to which 6 g of a multi-functional slow-release compound fertilizer carrying white truffle Tuber spp. was administered.
In the experiment, the rear area shown in Figure 41 (1) was the area with insufficient sunlight, and the front area was the area with sufficient sunlight. Figure 41 (2) shows the growth of Chinese cabbage in the sufficient sunlight area after 30 days, and Figure 41 (3) shows the growth of Chinese cabbage in the insufficient sunlight area after 60 days. As a result, there was no discernible difference in growth between the sufficient light area and the insufficient light area.

Experiment 25 <Experiment to cultivate Chinese cabbage and strawberries using special white truffle Tuber fungus multifunctional organic fertilizer>
In this experiment, fertilizer made from vegetable oilseed cake fermented with white truffle Tuber fungus was used.
This fertilizer contains pyruvic acid and indole-3-acetic acid produced by the white truffle Tuber fungus through fermentation, as well as α-pinene. Unlike conventional organic fertilizers that simply use organically derived fertilizer components Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), this fertilizer responds to global climate change and enables reduced fertilizer and pesticide cultivation, which will be suitable for organic cultivation on 1 million hectares by 2050. This fertilizer can compensate for lack of photosynthesis and inactivate soil pathogens.
Figure 42 (1) shows the growth status in August of strawberry seedlings in No. 3 plastic pots, which were administered 1 g of the multifunctional organic fertilizer using the fermentation of the white truffle Tuber fungus of the present invention. In August 2020, there were consecutive days of extremely hot weather, and strawberry seedlings were fighting against the heat, but it can be seen that the seedlings are growing well even under the high temperatures every day.
Figure 42 (2) shows the growth status of strawberries in late September, which had grown into beautiful, healthy seedlings.
Figure 42 (3) shows the growth status of Chinese cabbage on August 25th, which was sown on August 1st. If Chinese cabbage is sown on August 1st during the heatwave of summer, it will often succumb to the summer heat and die out due to soft rot if fertilized with conventional fertilizer. However, when this fertilizer was used, the cabbage grew healthily in the heatwave, and not a single pot was found to be infected with soft rot.
Figure 42 (4) is an image showing the growth status of Chinese cabbage that was potted and planted in a No. 6 plastic pot on August 27 and fertilized with 10 g of the white truffle Tuber fungus multifunctional organic fertilizer of the present invention on September 25. There were no cases of summer succumbance or soft rot, and the cabbage showed good growth despite not being cultivated at the optimal time.

Experiment 26 <Experiment to promote the growth of Dianthus using a multifunctional composite plant activator made from white truffle Tuber fungus>
An experiment was conducted to confirm the effect of a multifunctional composite plant activator on the growth of dianthus.
[Experimental Method]
As the test material, a dianthus planted in a No. 4 plastic pot was used.
Treatment group: A 30-fold diluted solution of the multifunctional composite plant activator of the present invention was sprayed on leaves at 10-day intervals.
May 1st: Exam begins
In FIG. 43, A is the untreated area and B is the treated area.
FIG. 43(1) is an image taken on June 20th, and the size and number of flowers in the B treatment area were approximately 20% larger and more numerous.
FIG. 43(2) is an image taken from the side, showing that the plant height was about 20% higher in the B treatment area.

Experiment 27: <Prevention of high temperature damage by using white truffle Tuber fungus "multifunctional slow-release solid gypsum chemical fertilizer" and "multifunctional plant activator" in combination, and photosynthesis-complementing strawberry cultivation experiment>
One of the main objectives of the development of the white truffle Tuber fungus "multifunctional compound slow-release fertilizer" and "multifunctional plant activator" of the present invention is to develop an innovative new fertilizer to supplement the energy insufficiency of photosynthesis and enable stable crop cultivation in the current situation where crops are damaged by high temperatures due to global warming caused by carbon dioxide emissions and stable crop cultivation is becoming more and more difficult every year due to the decrease in photosynthesis.
This experiment was conducted to confirm that the lack of photosynthesis can be resolved by using "pyruvic acid" and "indole-3-acetic acid" produced by fermentation of the white truffle Tuber fungus and the "mycorrhizal fungus" of the white truffle Tuber fungus.
[Experimental Method]
As test materials, strawberries (variety: Yotsuboshi) grown outdoors were used.
In early October 2020, the white truffle Tuber fungus "multifunctional complex slow-release fertilizer" was administered to the planting hole as a base fertilizer at 6g per plant, and the plants were then planted. From April 5th, 2021, a 50-fold diluted solution of a multifunctional plant vitality agent was sprayed on the leaves at 15-day intervals.
Figure 44 (1) shows the state on August 15 of the following year, and Figure 44 (2) is an enlarged image. Strawberries are plants that prefer cool climates, and in conventional fertilizer cultivation, the stalks are discarded around May after harvesting. This is because they become old stalks that cannot survive the high temperatures, but the strawberries grown in this experiment did not succumb to the intense heat of midsummer and maintained their youthfulness without any diseases.

Experiment 28: Rice seedling cultivation experiment using the truffle Tuber fungus "multifunctional compound slow-release fertilizer" and the white truffle Tuber fungus "multifunctional plant activator"
Various diseases occur during the raising of rice seedlings. Since the ban on organic mercury agents, high-temperature water sterilization has been carried out, but many disease-causing bacteria remain and there are many cases of seedling failure. In particular, organic rice production does not use pesticides, so various diseases occur in the hot and humid conditions during the seedling germination.
Since the white truffle Tuber fungus can put various rice disease bacteria to sleep and inactivate them, it is possible to raise seedlings completely pesticide-free by administering a white truffle Tuber fungus multifunctional slow-release compound fertilizer to the seedling soil and spraying a white truffle Tuber fungus multifunctional plant activator on the leaves after germination.To make it even more perfect, lay a water-absorbing sheet under the seedling box, spray the white truffle Tuber fungus multifunctional plant activator on it, and let the white truffle Tuber fungus grow on the water-supply sheet in advance.
Figure 45 (1) shows an example of successful healthy seedling cultivation using a white truffle Tuber fungus multifunctional slow-release compound fertilizer, and after germination, a white truffle Tuber fungus multifunctional plant activator sprayed on the leaves, and a white truffle Tuber fungus multifunctional plant activator sprayed on the water-absorbing sheet (arrow) under the seedling box.
Figure 45 (2) shows a seedling that has developed "bakanae disease" (arrow) due to insufficient sterilization.
Figure 45 (3) shows a seedling infected with seedling blast disease (arrow).

Experiment 29: <Experiment on pest repellency by administering gypsum particles carrying a suspension containing α-pinene produced by mycelium culture of Tricholoma matsutake>
The inventor's various tests have revealed that "α-pinene" produced by Matsutake mycelium has an excellent repellent effect against various pests. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to examine the repellent effect by mixing Matsutake culture solution and gypsum in a 1:1 volumetric ratio, adding water, and applying 1 g of the solidified granules to the surface of each pot of Chinese cabbage, cabbage, and bok choy seedlings (Figure 46). With just this, the Chinese cabbage, cabbage, and bok choy seedlings were able to grow without being attacked by pests.

Experiment 30: Prevention of "nitrite absorption disorder" in tomatoes using "multifunctional slow-release solid gypsum fertilizer" inhabited by white truffle Tuber fungus
In fields around the world, the use of heavy fertilizers for many years has caused "nitrite absorption disorder," which has led to poor growth in many crops and made stable production impossible, resulting in an increase in the amount of abandoned fields. This nitrite absorption disorder can be alleviated by applying a "multifunctional fertilizer" inhabited by the white truffle Tuber fungus, which uses nitrite as a nitrogen source to "feed" the white truffle Tuber fungus, thereby reducing the amount of nitrite remaining in the soil.
Figure 47 (1) shows tomatoes with nitrite absorption disorder caused by irrigating Akadama soil with a 500-fold solution of potassium nitrate several times at seven-day intervals.
FIG. 47 (2) shows tomatoes that have recovered from damage 20 days after irrigating the soil in (1) with a 100-fold solution of the "multifunctional plant vitalizer" containing the white truffle Tuber fungus.

Experiment 31 <Celery cultivation experiment using multifunctional slow-release solidified chemical fertilizer 10mm particles>
Celery seedlings were planted in No. 7 pots (21 cm) filled with culture soil (Pelepost, manufactured by Yumetobira) and fertilized with 10 g of the multifunctional slow-release gypsum solid chemical fertilizer of the present invention (10 mm diameter, 120-day type) as fertilizer.
Figure 48 (1) shows the state 50 days after planting. Although the cultivation of leafy vegetables requires a steady supply of fertilizer, even 50 days after planting, the vegetables continued to grow steadily without running out of fertilizer.
Figure 48 (2) shows the condition 100 days after planting. The fertilizer effect continued stably for 100 days, and no fertilizer depletion was observed on the leaves.

Experiment 32: Experiment to extend the life of cut roses by using α-pinene contained in mycelium suspension of Tricholoma matsutake fungus.
The effect of a 100-fold dilution of a culture solution of mycelium from Tricholoma matsutake, which contains α-pinene produced by the Matsutake fungus, on extending the life of cut rose flowers was tested. The reason why cut flowers do not last as long is because the proliferation of symbiotic bacteria in the stem and leaf tissues causes water contamination, and because the proliferation of symbiotic bacteria in the xylem of the stems and other parts of the plant prevents water from rising. Since α-pinene has the property of suppressing the proliferation of symbiotic bacteria in plant tissues, this experiment was conducted in the hope of extending the life of cut flowers.
FIG. 49(1) is an image of roses cut on November 20th, in which several drops of a 100-fold diluted mycelium culture solution of Tricholoma matsutake were placed in a vase.
Figure 49 (2) is an image showing the condition on December 18th, and the roses that had poor flower life were healthy for about 25 days. This is a result that can be expected to have an effect of extending the life of the roses.

Experiment 33: Antibacterial experiment on plant endophytic bacteria using α-pinene solution produced by Matsutake fungus
[Experimental Method]
Cabbage stems were used as test materials.
Sodium hypochlorite group : Immersed in 5% sodium hypochlorite solution for 5 minutes
Matsutake group : Soaked in Tricholoma matsutake mycelium culture suspension stock solution for 6 hours. A cabbage stem "tissue near the growing point" was taken at a height of about 1 cm, and the leaves were removed. The tissue was soaked for 5 minutes in group 1, and for 6 hours in group 2, after which it was cut into pieces of about 5 x 5 mm in size and cultured in autoclaved Hyponex medium. Culture was performed at 20°C in a dark place.
Figure 50 (1) is an image of the sodium hypochlorite group after 7 days of culture, and (2) is an enlarged image. The filamentous fungi and bacteria attached to the tissue epidermis were killed, but the endophytic symbiotic fungi and bacteria within the tissue could not be killed, and various bacterial colonies appeared.
Figure 50 (3) is an image of the Matsutake area after 7 days of cultivation, and (4) is an enlarged image. Not only the filamentous fungi and bacteria attached to the tissue epidermis, but also the endophytic symbiotic fungi and bacteria within the tissue were killed, and no bacterial colonies were found.
Figure 50 (5) is an image of the Matsutake area after 10 days of culture, and (6) is an enlarged image. The filamentous fungal bacteria on the tissue epidermis were not killed, and various filamentous fungal colonies were generated.
This test demonstrated that α-pinene produced by the Matsutake fungus Tricholoma matsutake has strong antibacterial properties against bacteria, but no antibacterial activity against filamentous fungi was observed.

Experiment 34: Experiment to suppress the proliferation of methane bacteria by applying a multifunctional slow-release solid gypsum fertilizer containing white truffle Tuber to paddy fields.
Global warming is not only caused by carbon dioxide, but also by methane gas emitted from rice paddies, which has become a major problem, and technology to suppress the proliferation of methane bacteria in rice paddies is becoming necessary. This experiment is conducted to confirm that the application of the white truffle Tuber inhabiting multifunctional slow-release gypsum solidified chemical fertilizer and white truffle Tuber inhabiting slow-release organic fertilizer to rice paddies of the present invention has a significant effect on suppressing the proliferation of anaerobic methane bacteria.
Figure 51 (1) shows the white truffle Tuber multifunctional slow release solid gypsum fertilizer used in this experiment. Figure 51 (2) shows an image of a paddy field in late autumn, where straw, which serves as food for methane bacteria, is scattered around the paddy field after the rice harvest. By applying 10 kg of white truffle Tuber multifunctional slow release organic fertilizer per 10 are to this paddy field, which serves as food for the white truffle Tuber, it is possible to suppress the proliferation of methane bacteria. The optimum temperature for the growth of methane bacteria is in summer, when the water temperature is 25°C. In late autumn, the temperature of paddy field soil is 5°C to 10°C. Since white truffle Tuber can grow and reproduce at temperatures between 0°C and 40°C, white truffle Tuber becomes the reproduction priority bacteria in the topsoil of paddy fields from late autumn to early spring, suppressing the proliferation of methane bacteria and suppressing methane gas from paddy fields.
Figure 51 (3) is an image of a rice paddy in spring. Before plowing, rice paddies from early spring have rice residues and straw from the previous year scattered on the surface. In this state, a multifunctional slow-release gypsum-solidified chemical fertilizer that is inhabited by white truffle Tuber fungus is applied to the rice paddy. By plowing the paddy afterwards, the white truffle Tuber fungus becomes the preferred breeding bacteria by feeding on the rice straw in the soil, and the breeding of methane bacteria is suppressed at the same time as fertilization, and the generation of methane gas is suppressed.
Figure 51 (4) is an image of rice planting. A multifunctional gypsum chemical fertilizer applicator for white truffle Tuber bacteria habitat is attached to the rice planting machine. By applying this fertilizer at the same time as planting rice, the white truffle Tuber bacteria, which are aerobic bacteria in water, become the reproduction priority bacteria, suppressing the reproduction of methane bacteria, and suppressing the emission of methane gas during the subsequent high temperature period.
Figure 51 (5) is a schematic diagram of a rice paddy, showing the habitat of methanogens and white truffle Tuber. The habitat of methanogens in rice paddies is the "reduction tank" with little oxygen, and when the temperature rises above 25°C, they multiply in this reduction tank area and emit large amounts of methane gas. The breeding area of white truffle Tuber is the upper "oxidation layer" with plenty of oxygen, and by applying the multifunctional gypsum chemical fertilizer that is a habitat of white truffle Tuber to this layer, the proliferation of methanogens can be suppressed.
Figure 51 (6) is an image of a paddy field in midsummer where methane bacteria are not growing in clear water. From this state, methane bacteria proliferate in the deep water paddy field and begin to emit methane gas. In Japanese rice cultivation, the water is drained at this time of year to inactivate the anaerobic methane bacteria and suppress the emission of methane gas, but most countries other than Japan do not have the technology for "drying". This is why methane gas emissions become a problem. If a 50 to 100 times diluted solution of the multifunctional liquid plant vitalizer containing the white truffle Tuber bacteria of the present invention is sprayed by a drone or other device at 100L per 10a, the white truffle Tuber bacteria will proliferate on the water surface and suppress the proliferation of methane bacteria.

Experiment 35 <Experiment on the effect of soil irrigation with multifunctional chemical liquid fertilizer on sowing and germination>
The multifunctional liquid chemical fertilizer is composed of a suspension of mycelium culture of the white truffle Tuber fungus and a suspension of mycelium culture of the Matsutake fungus Tricholoma matsutake fungus in addition to the fertilizer components. Therefore, this liquid chemical fertilizer contains various physiologically active substances produced by the two fungi, such as pyruvic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, α-pinene, amino acids, etc. Experiments were conducted to confirm the effects of these components on seeds and germination.
Figure 52 (1) shows the test crops for this experiment, which are (from left) Chinese cabbage, cabbage, and bok choy.
These seeds were soaked in a 1000-fold diluted multifunctional liquid fertilizer for 10 minutes, then sowed in a pot filled with Akadama Ko-Gura, and then thoroughly watered with a 100-fold diluted solution. The image shows the state 5 days after sowing. No effect was observed from soaking the seeds or watering after sowing.
Fig. 52 (2) shows the state of melons 10 days after sowing, tested under the same conditions as (1). As with the Brassicaceae crops in (1), no effects were observed with melons, which are Cucurbitaceae, either by soaking the seeds or by irrigation after sowing.

Experiment 36: <Greening and turfgrass cultivation experiment in areas other than agricultural fields using multifunctional fertilizers and multifunctional plant activators>
In areas other than agricultural fields, such as parks, industrial green spaces, and golf courses, fertilizers such as chemical fertilizers and coated fertilizers are used to fertilize grass, clover, and trees, and large amounts of pesticides are used on golf courses.
In Figure 53 (1), 50 kg of multifunctional slow release gypsum solid chemical fertilizer, large grain, 150-day type (fertilizer components N6, P6, K15%) was administered per 10aa to the grass of a golf course in March, and a 100-fold diluted solution of the multifunctional plant activator of the present invention was sprayed on the leaves at 30-day intervals from May. The image shows the state in late August, and a golf course with reduced fertilizer and no pesticides was created.
In Figure 53 (2), 500g of multifunctional slow release gypsum solid chemical fertilizer, large grain, 150-day type (fertilizer components N6, P6, K15%) was administered to each tree and turf grass and trees in the green space of the factory, and a 100-fold diluted solution of multifunctional plant activator was sprayed on each tree for 30 days in early spring, and a 100-fold diluted solution of multifunctional plant activator was sprayed on the leaves of the turf grass at 30-day intervals from May. The image shows the state in late August, and the factory green space has been cultivated with reduced fertilizer and no pesticides.
In Fig. 53 (3), for greening grass and trees in city parks, 500g of multifunctional slow release gypsum solid chemical fertilizer, large grain, 150-day type (fertilizer components: N6, P6, K15%) was administered per tree, and in early spring, a 100-fold diluted solution of multifunctional plant activator was sprayed on the leaves of each tree for 30 days, and a 100-fold diluted solution of multifunctional plant activator was sprayed on the grass leaves at 30-day intervals from May. The image shows the situation in late August.

Experiment 37: (Experiment for cultivating strawberries completely pesticide-free using a multifunctional slow-release gypsum solidified chemical fertilizer and a functional plant activator)
Of all the crops, strawberries are sprayed with pesticides the most. "Amaou" is sprayed about 70 times, and "Tochiotome" is sprayed over 50 times. By using the multifunctional slow-release gypsum solidified chemical fertilizer and multifunctional plant activator of this invention in combination, it has become possible to grow strawberries completely pesticide-free throughout the entire cultivation period, from seedling raising to harvesting.
Figure 54 (1) is an image of strawberries grown completely without pesticides taken on January 5, 2022.
The varieties are "Yayoihime" on the left and "Tochiotome" on the right. Both varieties are 40 gr and have a sugar content of 10 degrees.
Figure 54 (2) shows strawberry (Tochiotome) seedlings grown on June 5, 2021. No. 3.5 plastic pots were filled with culture soil (manufactured by Pelepost Yumetobira), and 2 gr of the multifunctional slow-release gypsum solid chemical fertilizer of the present invention (small grain, 3 mm, 1 to 30 day type) was applied per pot as fertilizer. A 50-fold diluted multifunctional plant activator was also sprayed on the leaves at 10-day intervals.
FIG. 54 (3) is an image taken on January 5, 2022, of the seedlings of (2) planted in early September, fertilized with 6 gr of the multifunctional slow-release gypsum solid chemical fertilizer of the present invention (10 mm, 150-day type, (N6 P6,5 K12) per plant as fertilizer, and sprayed with a 50-fold diluted multifunctional plant activator on the leaves at 10-day intervals.

Experiment 38: <Increasing the self-fertilization rate of strawberries by foliar spraying of a multifunctional plant activator>
It is said that if honeybees were to become extinct, humanity would perish, and the effect of pollination by honeybees is extremely important in the production of fruit trees and fruit vegetables. The fertility rate of these crops depends on the amount of photosynthetic energy. In greenhouse cultivation of strawberries, which are self-pollinating, most currently registered varieties have low pollen fertility rates due to inbreeding, and due to a lack of photosynthesis, pollination by bees or other insects is an essential requirement, and introducing honeybees is costly. Furthermore, apart from strawberry cultivation management, a lot of effort is required to raise and manage honeybees, which are delicate bees.
Therefore, we conducted a strawberry fruit set test under bee-free conditions by periodically (15-day intervals) spraying leaves with a multifunctional plant activator containing pyruvic acid, an energy source for eukaryotes, to increase pollen fertility and pistil fertility.
Figure 55 (1) is an image of a strawberry greenhouse from which bees have been excluded, (2) is an image of the strawberries in their fruit-bearing state (April 30th) after the multifunctional plant activator of the present invention was diluted 30 times and sprayed on the leaves of strawberries grown in the greenhouse at 15-day intervals from early November until late April, and (3) is an image of strawberries that have ripened and are ready to be harvested (May 15th).
As the image shows, even without pollination by honeybees, the fruit set rate was close to 100%, with almost no "deformed fruit" observed.
This experiment demonstrated that administering pyruvic acid is effective in increasing fertility, and suggested that foliar spraying of a multifunctional plant activator containing pyruvic acid on a variety of crops could enable stable production of self- and cross-pollinating crops, even in areas where flower-visiting insects and honeybees have declined dramatically, or where fertility has declined due to extreme heat. By replenishing energy with pyruvic acid, crops can be made resistant to heat, making it possible to produce healthy pollen and pistils.

Experiment 39: <Experiment to measure the growth rate of Tricholoma matsutake in liquid culture depending on the type of fungus>
Tricholoma matsutake is a basidiomycorrhizal fungus that grows naturally in many countries around the world, but no two species have the same characteristics. A common characteristic is that they are known to have one of the slowest growth rates among basidiomycetes when cultured in an axenic environment. In liquid culture, it takes several months to a year to reach saturation growth, and this slow growth rate makes it impossible to carry out the present invention on a large scale. The inventors discovered a species of Tricholoma matsutake that grows extremely fast among three species of matsutake, which made it possible to carry out the present invention on a large scale.

[Culture conditions]
Temperature: Minimum temperature 5℃, maximum temperature 15℃ (indoor room temperature, bright place, static culture)
Culture form: Liquid culture (using 300cc Erlenmeyer flask)
Cultivation start date: March 10, 2022 Photograph date: March 20, 2022

Figure 57 (left) The Matsutake fungus Tricholoma matsutake used in this invention, which is from Japan, Sagae City, Yamagata Prefecture, has excellent low-temperature growth and has grown to saturation in about 10 days of cultivation. Figure 57 (center) The Matsutake fungus Tricholoma matsutake from Canada has low high-temperature growth and grows slowly. Mass production is impossible.
Figure 57 (right) Chinese Matsutake mushrooms have poor low-temperature growth and grow slowly. Mass production is impossible.

Experiment 40: α-pinene sensory experiment in artificial Matsutake mushroom bed
A complementary experiment for the sensory evaluation of α-pinene was carried out using the liquid culture mycelium biofilm of Tricholoma matsutake from Experiment 37.
Sensory test comparison Reference material: Turpentine oil [Explanation] The main components of turpentine oil are α-pinene and β-pinene. If the sample has the characteristic scent of turpentine oil, it means that α-pinene and β-pinene are present in the sample.

Figure 58 (1) is an image of the white part of Tricholoma matsutake fungus 2020sagae fungus formed in a mushroom bed from which the pine root symbiosis had been removed.
In a sensory test of the α-pinene in this shiro, it was confirmed that the scent of the shiro growing in the natural habitat of Matsutake (the shiro growing in Matsutakeyama, Takabatake-cho, Yamagata Prefecture) was the same as that of turpentine oil, and that the shiro growing in the natural habitat of Matsutake contains α-pinene. Figure 58 (2) is an enlarged image of the shiro. Figure 58 (3) shows the matsutake fungus Tricholoma matsutake 2020sagae fungus that formed the shiro in a pot of an artificial mushroom bed. A sensory test confirmed that the shiro in this pot also had the same scent as turpentine oil, which is characteristic of α-pinene.
In this way, the presence or absence of α-pinene can be identified by the presence or absence of the "turpentine" scent. Turpentine is a pine essential oil obtained by distilling pine resin obtained from trees of the pine family, and is used as a thinner for oil paints, and as a solvent for paints and varnishes.

Experiment 41: <An experiment on the preventive effect of aphids by spraying (spraying) turpentine oil and a liquid culture suspension of Tricholoma matsutake 2020sagae strain (a mixture of α-pinene, liquid medium, and various production ingredients) on leaves>
Pine resin also contains α-pinene, which is refined to produce "turpentine oil." Since the main components of this turpentine oil are α-pinene and β-pinene, an experiment was conducted to determine the preventive effect of aphids by spraying (spraying) turpentine oil and a liquid culture suspension of Tricholoma matsutake 2020sagae strain (a mixture of α-pinene, liquid culture medium, and various production components) on leaves.
Test material: cabbage flower stalk (potted cabbage)
Test method: Turpentine oil was sprayed in its original form and a 30-fold diluted suspension of Tricholoma matsutake fungus culture was sprayed around the area surrounding the cabbage. The areas sprayed with turpentine oil and the suspension of Tricholoma matsutake fungus were placed in pots about 10m apart, taking into consideration the mutual influence of the aromatic components.
Processing date: 1st time May 5th, 2nd time May 15th Investigation date (photographed date) May 15th

Figure 59 (1) is a comparative image of aphid infestation 30 days after spraying cabbage flower stems. On the left is the area sprayed with turpentine oil, where aphids have infested heavily, and on the right is the area sprayed with a 30-fold diluted suspension of Tricholoma matsutake fungus, where no aphids have infested.
Figure 59 (2) is an enlarged image of the area where turpentine was sprayed.
Figure 59 (3) is an enlarged image of the area where a suspension of Tricholoma matsutake fungus was sprayed.

Another profound mystery of the natural ecosystem is the relationship between aphids and α-pinene.
The reason is unclear, but purely refined α-pinene turpentine oil has no aphid prevention effect, but about 60 types of aromatic components have been identified in the mycelium of the Matsutake fungus Tricholoma matsutake. When a suspension mixture of α-pinene and a variety of aromatic components is sprayed, the aphids (sap-sucking pests such as mites, thrips, and whiteflies) learn from their olfactory sense, and the repelling effect keeps them away from crops in the sprayed area, and no emergence was confirmed even 30 days after spraying. Nature is a "complex system, and the scent of α-pinene that has been purely refined by human chemistry does not exist in nature. The evolution of insects' sense of smell has been adapted to complex scents. For this reason, it may not be desirable to purely refine it in relation to living things.
This test demonstrated that purely purified α-pinene cannot be used for the "multifunctional fertilizer" of the present invention, and it is preferable to use an α-pinene suspension derived from the mycelium cultured mycelium of Tricholoma matsutake fungus.

Claims (8)

A fertilizer containing a culture suspension of Tricholoma matsutake, a symbiotic mycorrhizal fungus of coniferous trees, which produces pyruvic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, and pinene, and a culture suspension of Tuber truffle, a symbiotic mycorrhizal fungus of broad-leaved trees, or a culture suspension of a mixture of Tricholoma matsutake and Tuber truffle . 2. The fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the mycorrhizal fungi producing pyruvic acid, indole-3-acetic acid and pinene and a culture suspension of said fungi are added and supported on gypsum. The fertilizer according to claim 2 further contains glycerin as a solidification agent. The fertilizer according to claim 3, which contains an organic fertilizer as a fertilizer component. The fertilizer according to claim 4, wherein the organic fertilizer is industrial waste. The fertilizer according to claim 5, wherein the industrial waste is biodegradable plastic (PLA). The fertilizer according to claim 2, wherein the gypsum is a mixture of one or more of chitin fibers derived from basidiomycetes, ascomycete mycelium, and fruiting bodies, chitin nanofibers, plant cellulose fibers, and plant nanofibers, and the mixture is solidified. The fertilizer according to any one of claims 3 to 7, wherein the gypsum is a mixture of one or more of chitin fiber derived from basidiomycetes, ascomycete mycelium, or fruiting bodies, chitin nanofiber, plant cellulose fiber, and plant nanofiber, and then solidified.