JP7703388B2 - Operation plan creation device and computer program for operation plan creation device - Google Patents

Description

This embodiment relates to an operation plan creation device that creates an operation plan for multiple generators that supply power to a power grid, and a computer program for the operation plan creation device.

An electric power supply and demand control system is known that controls supply and demand using multiple generators that supply power to a power grid. An operation plan is created based on the supply and demand control by the electric power supply and demand control system.

JP 2001-238355 A

Due to the recent liberalization of the electricity market, new electricity suppliers have entered the electricity business, and electricity supply and consumption have become more complicated than before. For this reason, it is necessary to carefully adjust the amount of electricity demand and supply (hereinafter sometimes collectively referred to as "electricity supply and demand"). It is preferable that the adjustment of electricity supply and demand be done at an appropriate cost.

The frequency of a power system is maintained by matching the supply and demand of electricity within the system. If the balance between the demand and supply of electricity is not maintained, the frequency of the power system will fluctuate, and in some cases, this may cause a blackout. Traditionally, power plants have implemented economic load dispatching control, which takes into account the fuel costs of each generator and minimizes fuel costs. There is a known method of creating a power generation plan that uses an optimization technique with the fuel costs of multiple generators as a cost function, and with this method, one cost function is used for each generator.

The ability to control frequency and supply and demand in an electricity supply area is generally called adjustment capacity. Recently, a system is being developed in which electricity can be traded at a rate according to adjustment capacity. According to this system, when a general electricity transmission and distribution operator (TSO) adjusts to increase generator output in order to match electricity supply and demand, the power generation operator is paid a fee by the general electricity transmission and distribution operator at a first unit price (V1). In addition, when a general electricity transmission and distribution operator adjusts to decrease generator output, the power generation operator is paid a fee by the general electricity transmission and distribution operator at a second unit price (V2).

In conventional technology, creating operation plans for multiple generators by solving a mathematical programming problem for multiple generators with multiple unit prices required manual work and was extremely cumbersome.

The present embodiment aims to provide an operation plan creation device and a computer program for the operation plan creation device that can create operation plans for multiple generators by solving a mathematical programming problem for multiple generators with multiple unit prices set.

The operation plan creation device of this embodiment has the following features.
(1) A memory unit that stores at least one of the following: demand forecast data that predicts future power demand of a power system that transmits power; power generation forecast data that predicts the power generation amount of a plurality of generators that supply power to the power system; system data that represents the state of the power system; and generator data that represents the specifications of the plurality of generators; cost function data that represents the relationship between the power generated by the plurality of generators and the unit price; and reference value data that represents the reference value of the power output from the plurality of generators.
(2) An adjustment cost definition unit that defines an adjustment cost for each of the multiple generators based on at least one of the demand forecast data, the power generation forecast data, the system data, and the generator data stored in the memory unit, as well as the cost function data and the reference value data.
(3) A problem generation unit that generates a mathematical formula for a problem based on at least one of the demand forecast data, the power generation forecast data, the system data, and the generator data stored in the memory unit, the cost function data, the reference value data, and the adjustment cost defined by the adjustment cost definition unit.
(4) A plan creation unit that performs calculations based on the formulas generated by the problem creation unit to create an operation plan for the generator.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of an operation plan creation device according to a first embodiment. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a processing procedure of an operation plan creation device according to a first embodiment.

[First embodiment]
[1-1. Configuration]
As an example of the present embodiment, a configuration of an operation plan creation device 1 will be described with reference to Fig. 1. The operation plan creation device 1 is configured with a computer. For a plurality of generators for which a plurality of unit prices are set, an operation plan for the plurality of generators is created by solving a mathematical programming problem.

The operation plan creation device 1 has a calculation unit 10, a memory unit 20, a storage unit 30, a receiving unit 40, and a transmission unit 50. The memory unit 20, the storage unit 30, the receiving unit 40, and the transmission unit 50 are connected to the calculation unit 10. The calculation unit 10 controls the memory unit 20, the storage unit 30, the receiving unit 40, and the transmission unit 50.

The memory unit 20 is composed of a storage medium such as a semiconductor memory or a hard disk. The memory unit 20 is connected to the calculation unit 10. The writing and reading of data into the memory unit 20 is controlled by the calculation unit 10.

The memory unit 20 stores demand forecast data 21, power generation forecast data 22, system data 23, generator data 24, cost function data 25, and reference value data 26.

Demand forecast data 21 is data that forecasts demand for electricity, created based on data on past electricity usage measured by electricity meters installed at consumers' homes, weather information, past event dates and times, etc.

Power generation forecast data 22 is data that predicts the amount of power generated by renewable energy sources such as wind power generators and solar power generation devices.

System data 23 includes an estimated area imbalance amount calculated based on the difference between the planned value of the power generated by a generator in a specified area and the predicted value of the power demand. System data 23 also includes an adjustment amount indicating the amount of power transmitted to and received from outside the jurisdiction area, the generator's planned power generation value, reserve power, which is the power generation output that should be secured as a surplus for adjusting the system frequency, system constraints, etc. The generator's planned power generation value is set individually for each generator. The generator's planned power generation value may be a constant value, or may not be a constant value but may change over time, for example, every 30 minutes.

The reserve power is the amount that should be secured by the generators as a whole. The reserve power may be the amount of power that each individual generator should secure individually, or the amount of power that takes into account the rate of change of the generators. The reserve power may also be any one or a combination of these. The grid constraints include information indicating the connection status of the transmission lines, the limit value of the power that can be passed through each transmission line, and data on the limit value of the voltage fluctuation of each transmission line.

The generator data 24 includes upper and lower limits of the rate of change of the power output from each generator, upper and lower limits of the power output from each generator, minimum start-up time and minimum stop time, a relational equation expressing the relationship between the output power and fuel costs, and a generator start-up and shutdown plan.

Fuel costs change depending on the power output. The relational equation that expresses the relationship between the power output and the fuel costs is often expressed as a quadratic function, but it may be a linear function or a constant. The generator start-up and shutdown plan is information regarding the time when the generator starts and stops. Even if the start-up and shutdown plan is not provided, the operation plan creation device 1 may calculate the start-up and shutdown plan together with the operation plan using the plan creation unit 13 described later.

The cost function data 25 is a function that serves as an index in the generator operation plan, which is the output plan for power generation by each generator at a certain time. For example, a price that is ΔC1 yen higher than the incremental fuel cost is represented by cost function f1(p), and a price that is ΔC2 yen lower than the incremental fuel cost is represented by cost function f2(p). The incremental fuel cost is a value obtained by differentiating the fuel cost function with respect to the output. In the above example, the cost function indicating the price is defined as being divided into two categories, a price higher than the incremental fuel cost and a price lower than the incremental fuel cost, based on the incremental fuel cost. However, the cost function is not limited to this. The cost function may be set arbitrarily regardless of the incremental fuel cost. The cost function may be the same as the incremental fuel cost, or may be a constant.

The reference value data 26 is data that serves as a reference for switching between the cost function f1(p) and the cost function f2(p). The reference value data 26 is a value that is set individually for each generator, and is set to a value equal to or less than the maximum output of the generator. The reference value data 26 is not always constant over time, and may change, for example, every 30 minutes. For example, if the cost function f1(p) is used when the power output from the generator is greater than the planned value, and the cost function f2(p) is used when the power output from the generator is less than the planned value, the reference value data is set to the planned value. In this embodiment, as an example, the cost function f1(p) and the cost function f2(p) are assumed to be linear functions.

The calculation unit 10 is composed of a microcomputer or the like. The calculation unit 10 is connected to the memory unit 20, the storage unit 30, the receiving unit 40, and the transmitting unit 50. The calculation unit 10 controls the memory unit 20, the storage unit 30, the receiving unit 40, and the transmitting unit 50.

The calculation unit 10 has an adjustment cost definition unit 11, a problem generation unit 12, and a plan creation unit 13. The adjustment cost definition unit 11, the problem generation unit 12, and the plan creation unit 13 are configured by software modules or hardware within the calculation unit 10. The software modules are configured by computer programs related to the adjustment cost definition means, the problem generation means, and the plan creation means.

The adjustment cost definition unit 11 defines an adjustment cost for each of the multiple generators based on at least one of the demand forecast data 21, the power generation forecast data 22, the system data 23, and the generator data 24 stored in the memory unit 20, and based on the cost function data 25 and the reference value data 26 stored in the memory unit 20.

The problem generation unit 12 generates a formula for the problem based on at least one of the demand forecast data 21, the power generation forecast data 22, the system data 23, and the generator data 24 stored in the memory unit 20, the cost function data 25 and the reference value data 26 stored in the memory unit 20, and the adjustment cost defined by the adjustment cost definition unit 11.

The problem generator 12 generates the objective function and constraint equations for the optimization calculation. The objective function is a function whose purpose is to minimize the adjustment cost.

The plan creation unit 13 performs calculations based on the objective function and constraint equations, which are mathematical expressions generated by the problem generation unit 12, and creates an operation plan for the generator.

The storage unit 30 is composed of a storage medium such as a semiconductor memory or a hard disk. The storage unit 30 is connected to the calculation unit 10. The writing and reading of data into the storage unit 30 is controlled by the calculation unit 10.

The storage unit 30 has a problem data storage unit 31 and a plan data storage unit 32. The problem data storage unit 31 stores and memorizes the objective function and constraint equations, which are mathematical expressions generated by the problem generation unit 12. The plan data storage unit 32 stores and memorizes the objective function and constraint equations related to the generator operation plan created by the plan creation unit 13.

The problem data storage unit 31 and the plan data storage unit 32 of the storage unit 30 may be configured by a storage device such as a data server external to the operation plan creation device 1.

The receiving unit 40 is composed of a receiving circuit, an external memory connection circuit, or an operating device such as a keyboard or a mouse. The receiving unit 40 is connected to the calculation unit 10. Demand forecast data 21, power generation forecast data 22, system data 23, generator data 24, cost function data 25, and reference value data 26 are input via the receiving unit 40.

The transmission unit 50 is composed of a transmission circuit, an external memory connection circuit, or a device such as a display device or a printer. The transmission unit 50 outputs the generator operation plan created by the plan creation unit 13. Alternatively, a control signal based on the generator operation plan created by the plan creation unit 13 may be transmitted directly to the generator via the transmission unit 50.

The above is the configuration of the operation plan creation device 1 in this embodiment.

[1-2. Effect]

Next, an overview of the operation of the operation plan creation device 1 of this embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 1 and 2.

The operation plan creation device 1 defines an adjustment cost for each of the multiple generators by the adjustment cost definition unit 11 based on at least one of the demand forecast data 21, the power generation forecast data 22, the system data 23, and the generator data 24 stored in the memory unit 20, and based on the cost function data 25 and the reference value data 26 stored in the memory unit 20.

The operation plan creation device 1 generates a mathematical formula related to the problem by the problem generation unit 12 based on at least one of the demand forecast data 21, the power generation forecast data 22, the system data 23, and the generator data 24 stored in the memory unit 20, the cost function data 25 and the reference value data 26 stored in the memory unit 20, and the adjustment cost defined by the adjustment cost definition unit 11.

The operation plan creation device 1 performs calculations based on the formulas generated by the problem generation unit 12, and creates an operation plan using the plan creation unit 13.

The memory unit 20 stores demand forecast data 21, power generation forecast data 22, system data 23, generator data 24, cost function data 25, and reference value data 26 that are preset via the receiver unit 40.

Demand forecast data 21 is data that forecasts demand for electricity, created based on data on past electricity usage measured by electricity meters installed at consumers' homes, weather information, past event dates and times, etc.

Power generation forecast data 22 is data that predicts the amount of power generated by renewable energy sources such as wind power generators and solar power generation devices.

System data 23 includes an estimated area imbalance amount calculated based on the difference between the planned value of the power generated by a generator in a specified area and the predicted value of the power demand. System data 23 also includes an adjustment amount indicating the amount of power transmitted to and received from outside the jurisdiction area, the generator's planned power generation value, reserve power, which is the power generation output that should be secured as a surplus for adjusting the system frequency, system constraints, etc. The generator's planned power generation value is set individually for each generator. The generator's planned power generation value may be a constant value, or may not be a constant value but may change over time, for example, every 30 minutes.

The reserve power is the amount that should be secured by the generators as a whole. The reserve power may be the amount of power that each individual generator should secure individually, or the amount of power that takes into account the rate of change of the generators. The reserve power may also be any one or a combination of these. The grid constraints include information indicating the connection status of the transmission lines, the limit value of the power that can be passed through each transmission line, and data on the limit value of the voltage fluctuation of each transmission line.

The generator data 24 includes upper and lower limits of the rate of change of the power output from each generator, upper and lower limits of the power output from each generator, minimum start-up time and minimum stop time, a relational equation expressing the relationship between the output power and fuel costs, and a generator start-up and shutdown plan.

Fuel costs change depending on the power output. The relational equation that expresses the relationship between the power output and the fuel costs is often expressed as a quadratic function, but it may be a linear function or a constant. The generator start-up and shutdown plan is information regarding the time when the generator starts and stops. Even if the start-up and shutdown plan is not provided, the operation plan creation device 1 may calculate the start-up and shutdown plan together with the operation plan by the plan creation unit 13.

The cost function data 25 is a function that serves as an index in the generator operation plan, which is the output plan for power generation by each generator at a certain time. For example, a price that is ΔC1 yen higher than the incremental fuel cost is represented by cost function f1(p), and a price that is ΔC2 yen lower than the incremental fuel cost is represented by cost function f2(p). The incremental fuel cost is a value obtained by differentiating the fuel cost function with respect to the output. In the above example, the cost function indicating the price is defined as being divided into two categories, a price higher than the incremental fuel cost and a price lower than the incremental fuel cost, based on the incremental fuel cost. However, the cost function is not limited to this. The cost function may be set arbitrarily regardless of the incremental fuel cost. The cost function may be the same as the incremental fuel cost, or may be a constant.

The reference value data 26 is data that serves as a reference for switching between the cost function f1(p) and the cost function f2(p). The reference value data 26 is a value that is set individually for each generator, and is set to a value equal to or less than the maximum output of the generator. The reference value data 26 is not always constant over time, and may change, for example, every 30 minutes. For example, if the cost function f1(p) is used when the power output from the generator is greater than the planned value, and the cost function f2(p) is used when the power output from the generator is less than the planned value, the reference value data is set to the planned value. In this embodiment, as an example, the cost function f1(p) and the cost function f2(p) are assumed to be linear functions.

The adjustment cost definition unit 11 defines an adjustment cost for each of the multiple generators based on at least one of the demand forecast data 21, the power generation forecast data 22, the system data 23, and the generator data 24 stored in the memory unit 20, and based on the cost function data 25 and the reference value data 26 stored in the memory unit 20.

As an example, the calculation operation when defining the adjustment cost using the cost function data 25 and the reference value data 26 is shown below.

The adjustment cost is shown in (Equation 1). f1(p) is the first cost function. f1(p _it ^bs ) is the cost f1(p) of being at the reference value output p _it ^bs that is set individually for each generator i at each time t. f2(p) is the second cost function. f2(p _it ^bs ) is the cost f2(p) of being at the reference value output p _it ^bs that is set individually for each generator i at each time t.

δ(i,t) is a variable that is "1" when the output of the i-th generator at time t is greater than the reference value output _{p it bs} ^, and is "0" when the output is less than the reference value output p it ^bs . The first cost function f1(p) and the second cost function f2(p) may change every hour. The first cost function f1(p) and the second cost function f2(p) may change the form of the function every 30 minutes, for example.

The objective function for minimizing the adjustment cost is shown in (Equation 2). In (Equation 1) and (Equation 2) above, the difference between the cost f1(p _it ^bs ) or f2(p _it ^bs ) when the output is at the reference value p _it ^bs and the cost f1(p _it ^bs ) of the output p _it of the generator i at time t is defined as the adjustment cost, but the difference between a cost other than the cost when the output is at the reference value p _it ^bs and the cost of the output p _it of the generator i at time t may also be defined as the adjustment cost.

For example, when the fuel cost is a function f0(p) of p, if the output is greater than the planned value, the difference between the cost f0(p ^bs ) of the planned value and the cost f1(p) of the actual output may be defined as the adjustment cost, and if the output is less than the planned value, the difference between the cost f0(p ^bs ) of the planned value and the cost f2(p) of the actual output may be defined as the adjustment cost. In the above, the difference between the cost f0(p ^bs ) of the planned value and the cost f1(p) of the actual output and the difference between the cost f0(p ^bs ) of the planned value and the cost f2(p) of the actual output are defined as the adjustment cost, but the functions relating to the cost of the planned value do not necessarily need to be the same. If the output is greater than the planned value, the difference between the cost f0a(p ^bs ) of the planned value and the cost f1(p) of the actual output may be defined as the adjustment cost, and if the output is less than the planned value, the difference between the cost f0b(p ^bs ) of the planned value and the cost f2(p) of the actual output may be defined as the adjustment cost.

The constraint equations are shown in (Equation 3) to (Equation 9). (Equation 3) and (Equation 4) are equations for dividing the functions into cases according to the magnitude of the planned value. (Equation 5) is a supply and demand matching constraint. The area imbalance expected amount and the adjustment amount are not necessarily both required, and either one may be 0. (Equation 6) is a change rate constraint. (Equation 7) and (Equation 8) are upper and lower limit constraints on the generator adjustment capability, and (Equation 9) is an upper and lower limit constraint on the generator output. The constraint equations (Equation 3) to (Equation 9) are defined based on the demand forecast data 21, the power generation forecast data 22, the system data 23, the generator data 24, the cost function data 25, and the reference value data 26.

The adjustment cost definition unit 11 performs a calculation to calculate (Equation 1) for the adjustment cost, with cost function f1(p) as the first cost and cost function f2(p) as the second cost.

The problem generator 12 generates the objective function (Equation 2) and constraint equations (Equation 3) to (Equation 9) for the optimization calculation as described above, and stores and memorizes them in the problem data storage unit 31 of the storage unit 30.

The planning unit 13 of the calculation unit 10 calculates a solution that satisfies the constraint equations using techniques such as mathematical optimization calculations, and creates a plan for the power generation output. The planning unit 13 of the calculation unit 10 calculates a solution that minimizes the objective function (Equation 2). The planning unit 13 of the calculation unit 10 applies genetic algorithms, metaheuristic techniques, and the like to create a plan for the power generation output. In order to calculate a more precise solution, it is preferable that the planning unit 13 of the calculation unit 10 finds the solution by mathematical optimization calculations.

The plan creation unit 13 of the calculation unit 10 creates a plan for the power generation output of each generator and stores and memorizes it in the plan data storage unit 32 of the storage unit 30. The plan data storage unit 32 of the storage unit 30 is a database.

The calculation unit 10 outputs the generator operation plan created by the plan creation unit 13 via the transmission unit 50. The transmission unit 50 outputs the generator operation plan by a transmission message, a transmission signal to an external memory, or by display, printout, etc. Alternatively, the calculation unit 10 may transmit a control signal based on the generator operation plan created by the plan creation unit 13 directly to the generator via the transmission unit 50.

The above objective functions (Equation 1), (Equation 2) and constraint equations (Equation 3) to (Equation 9) are an example of a case that does not include the generator start/stop problem, but even if the generator start/stop problem is included, it is possible to solve the start/stop problem and the operation plan simultaneously.

The above is the operation of the operation plan creation device 1 according to this embodiment.

[1-3. Effects]
(1) According to the present embodiment, the operation plan creation device 1 includes an adjustment cost definition unit 11 that defines an adjustment cost for each of the multiple generators based on at least one of the demand forecast data 21, the power generation forecast data 22, the system data 23, and the generator data 24, the cost function data 25, and the reference value data 26 stored in the memory unit 20, a problem generation unit 12 that generates a mathematical formula for a problem based on at least one of the demand forecast data 21, the power generation forecast data 22, the system data 23, and the generator data 24, the cost function data 25, the reference value data 26, and the adjustment costs defined by the adjustment cost definition unit 11, and a plan creation unit 13 that performs calculations based on the mathematical formula generated by the problem generation unit 12 and creates an operation plan for the generators. Therefore, it is possible to provide an operation plan creation device 1 that can create operation plans for multiple generators by solving a mathematical programming problem for multiple generators having multiple unit prices set.

According to this embodiment, it is possible to provide an operation plan creation device 1 that creates a power generation plan corresponding to various fee systems in which multiple fees are set according to the output generated power.

According to this embodiment, it is possible to instruct multiple generators to operate in a way that minimizes the adjustment cost, based on the adjustment cost calculated from the reference value and multiple cost functions.

[2. Second embodiment]
[2-1. Configuration and Action]
An operation plan creation device 1 according to the second embodiment will be described. The operation plan creation device 1 according to the second embodiment differs from the operation plan creation device 1 according to the first embodiment in the cost function and constraint equations generated in the adjustment cost definition unit 11. The cost function and constraint equations of the operation plan creation device 1 according to the second embodiment are expressed by piecewise linear functions. The slope of the piecewise linear function is monotonically increasing. The configuration of the operation plan creation device 1 according to the second embodiment is the same as the configuration of the operation plan creation device 1 according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1. In addition, the processing procedure of the operation plan creation device 1 according to the second embodiment is the same as the processing procedure of the operation plan creation device 1 according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 2.

The adjustment cost definition unit 11 of the calculation unit 10 in the second embodiment replaces the first cost function f1(p) and the second cost function f2(p) of the operation plan creation device 1 in the first embodiment, and performs calculations using the cost function f1(p) shown in (Equation 10) as the first cost and the cost function f2(p) shown in (Equation 11) as the second cost.

The cost function f1(p) shown in (Formula 10) relating to the first cost is expressed by a piecewise linear function. The cost function f2(p) shown in (Formula 11) relating to the second cost is expressed by a piecewise linear function. (Formula 10) and (Formula 11) comply with the constraint formula shown in (Formula 12).

The reference value of f1(p) is f1(p _it ^bs ), and the reference value of f2(p) is f2(p _it ^bs ), and the above (Formula 11) is expressed as (Formula 13), and (Formula 12) is expressed as (Formula 14). In addition, the constraint equation (Formula 12) is expressed as (Formula 15).

Based on the above (Equation 13), (Equation 14), and (Equation 15), the objective function is expressed as shown in (Equation 16).

The adjustment cost definition unit 11 performs calculations to calculate (Formula 13), (Formula 14), and (Formula 15) relating to the adjustment cost, using the cost function f1(p) shown in (Formula 10) as the first cost and the cost function f2(p) shown in (Formula 11) as the second cost.

The problem generator 12 generates the objective function (Equation 16) for the optimization calculation as described above, and stores and memorizes it in the problem data storage unit 31 of the storage unit 30.

The planning unit 13 of the calculation unit 10 calculates a solution that satisfies the constraint equations using a method such as mathematical optimization calculation, and creates a plan for the power generation output. The planning unit 13 of the calculation unit 10 calculates a solution that minimizes the objective function (Equation 16).

The plan creation unit 13 of the calculation unit 10 creates a plan for the power generation output of each generator and stores and memorizes it in the plan data storage unit 32 of the storage unit 30. The plan data storage unit 32 of the storage unit 30 is a database.

The calculation unit 10 outputs the generator operation plan created by the plan creation unit 13 via the transmission unit 50. The transmission unit 50 outputs the generator operation plan as a transmission message, a transmission signal to an external memory, or by display, printer, etc. Alternatively, the calculation unit 10 may transmit a control signal based on the generator operation plan created by the plan creation unit 13 directly to the generator via the transmission unit 50.

The above is the configuration and operation of the operation plan creation device 1 in this embodiment.

[2-2. Effects]
According to this embodiment, the multiple cost function data 25 are expressed as piecewise linear functions with the horizontal axis representing output and the vertical axis representing cost, and the slope of the piecewise linear function is monotonically increasing, so that it is possible to provide an operation plan creation device that creates a power generation plan corresponding to various fee systems in which multiple fees are set according to the output power generation. When the cost function data expressed as a piecewise linear function is transformed into a differential value with respect to the output on the horizontal axis and the cost on the vertical axis, the characteristic can be expressed as a power generation unit price (for example, in units of yen/kWh) in a certain output range.

When the cost function is a complex function such as a quadratic function whose degree is greater than that of a linear function, it is difficult to solve the problem by mathematical optimization calculation. According to this embodiment, when the slope of each piecewise linearized segment is monotonically increasing, calculations are performed using the above cost function and constraint equations, so that the operation plan creation device 1 can perform calculations by mathematical optimization calculations. As a result, it is possible to instruct multiple generators to operate in a way that minimizes the adjustment costs using multiple adjustment costs calculated from the reference value and multiple cost functions.

[3. Third embodiment]
[3-1. Configuration and Action]
An operation plan creation device 1 according to the third embodiment will be described. The operation plan creation device 1 according to the third embodiment differs from the operation plan creation device 1 according to the second embodiment in the cost function generated by the adjustment cost definition unit 11. The cost function of the operation plan creation device 1 according to the third embodiment is expressed by a piecewise linear function. The configuration of the operation plan creation device 1 according to the third embodiment is the same as the configuration of the operation plan creation device 1 according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1. In addition, the processing procedure of the operation plan creation device 1 according to the third embodiment is the same as the processing procedure of the operation plan creation device 1 according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 2.

The adjustment cost definition unit 11 of the calculation unit 10 in the third embodiment performs calculations based on the first cost function f1(p) shown in (Formula 13) and the second cost function f2(p) shown in (Formula 14) in accordance with the constraint equation shown in (Formula 17) in addition to (Formula 15) in the second embodiment.

In the cost function f1(p) and cost function f2(p) according to the second embodiment, the slope of each line segment of the piecewise linear function increases monotonically. For this reason, when the slope decreases in a certain segment, there is a problem that it cannot be solved by mathematical optimization calculation. To solve this problem, the adjustment cost definition unit 11 of the calculation unit 10 according to the third embodiment performs calculations based on the first cost function f1(p) shown in (Formula 13) and the second cost function f2(p) shown in (Formula 14) in accordance with the constraint equation shown in (Formula 17) in addition to (Formula 15).

The cost function f1(p) shown in (Formula 13) relating to the first cost is expressed by a piecewise linear function. The cost function f2(p) shown in (Formula 14) relating to the second cost is expressed by a piecewise linear function. (Formula 13) and (Formula 14) comply with the constraint equations shown in (Formula 15) and (Formula 17).

Using a variable x _i,k that takes the value of 0 or 1, the added constraint equation (Equation 17) is expressed as follows:

The objective function is shown in (Equation 16) and follows the constraints shown in (Equation 15) and (Equation 17).

The adjustment cost definition unit 11 performs calculations to calculate (Formula 13), (Formula 14), (Formula 15), and (Formula 17) related to the adjustment cost, with the cost function f1(p) shown in (Formula 10) as the first cost and the cost function f2(p) shown in (Formula 11) as the second cost.

The problem generator 12 generates the objective function (Formula 16) for the optimization calculation as described above, and stores and memorizes it in the problem data storage unit 31 of the storage unit 30. The objective function (Formula 16) follows the constraint equations (Formula 15) and (Formula 17).

The planning unit 13 of the calculation unit 10 calculates a solution that satisfies the constraint equations using a method such as mathematical optimization calculation, and creates a plan for the power generation output. The planning unit 13 of the calculation unit 10 calculates a solution that minimizes the objective function (Equation 16).

The plan creation unit 13 of the calculation unit 10 creates a plan for the power generation output of each generator and stores and memorizes it in the plan data storage unit 32 of the storage unit 30. The plan data storage unit 32 of the storage unit 30 is a database.

The calculation unit 10 outputs the generator operation plan created by the plan creation unit 13 via the transmission unit 50. The transmission unit 50 outputs the generator operation plan by a transmission message, a transmission signal to an external memory, or by display, printout, etc. Alternatively, the calculation unit 10 may transmit a control signal based on the generator operation plan created by the plan creation unit 13 directly to the generator via the transmission unit 50.

The above is the configuration and operation of the operation plan creation device 1 in this embodiment.

[3-2. Effects]
According to this embodiment, a plurality of cost function data 25 are set corresponding to the amounts of power separated by the reference value data 26, and the adjustment cost definition unit 11 defines the adjustment cost based on the plurality of cost function data 25. Therefore, it is possible to provide an operation plan creation device 1 that can create operation plans for a plurality of generators by solving a mathematical programming problem for a plurality of generators having a plurality of unit prices set.

According to this embodiment, it is possible to provide an operation plan creation device 1 that creates a power generation plan corresponding to various fee systems in which multiple fees are set according to the output generated power.

According to this embodiment, the calculation is performed using the above cost function and constraint equations regardless of the slope of each piecewise linearized segment, so the operation plan creation device 1 can perform calculations using mathematical optimization calculations. As a result, it is possible to instruct multiple generators to operate in a way that minimizes the adjustment costs using multiple adjustment costs calculated from the reference value and multiple cost functions.

[4. Fourth embodiment]
[4-1. Configuration and Action]
An operation plan creation device 1 according to a fourth embodiment will be described. In the operation plan creation device 1 according to the fourth embodiment, a cost function generated in an adjustment cost definition unit 11 is different from those in the operation plan creation device 1 according to the first to third embodiments.

The cost function of the operation plan creation device 1 according to the fourth embodiment is expressed as a piecewise linear function. The adjustment cost definition unit 11 generates the cost function based on a piecewise linear function in which a term having a variable multiplied by a term having a variable is replaced with a term having a variable multiplied by a constant term. The problem generation unit 12 transforms the cost function generated by the adjustment cost definition unit 11 into a mixed integer linear programming problem and generates an objective function.

The configuration of the operation plan creation device 1 according to the fourth embodiment is the same as the configuration of the operation plan creation device 1 according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1. In addition, the processing procedure of the operation plan creation device 1 according to the fourth embodiment is the same as the processing procedure of the operation plan creation device 1 according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 2.

The problem generator 12 transforms the objective function (Formula 16) into (Formula 18) based on (Formula 19). The problem generator 12 further transforms the quadratic equivalent objective function (Formula 18) into a mixed integer linear programming problem based on the constraint equations (Formula 20), (Formula 21), and (Formula 22), and calculates an optimal solution by mathematical optimization calculation.

The right side of (Formula 18) is obtained by substituting (Formula 19) into the left side of (Formula 18). The problem generator 12 calculates an optimal solution that minimizes the objective function (Formula 18) based on the right side of (Formula 18) and the constraints (Formula 20), (Formula 21), and (Formula 22). The left side of (Formula 18) includes a term obtained by multiplying a term having a variable with a term having a variable, while the right side of (Formula 18) includes a term obtained by multiplying a term having a variable with a constant term.

The adjustment cost definition unit 11 replaces the product of the integer variable and the continuous variable that divides the piecewise linear function with a predetermined variable to generate a cost function. The adjustment cost definition unit 11 performs calculations to calculate (Formula 13), (Formula 14), (Formula 15), and (Formula 17) related to the adjustment cost, with the cost function f1(p) shown in (Formula 10) as the first cost and the cost function f2(p) shown in (Formula 11) as the second cost.

The problem generator 12 generates an objective function by transforming the cost function generated by the adjustment cost definition unit 11 into a mixed integer linear programming problem. The problem generator 12 generates the objective function (Formula 18) in the optimization calculation as described above, and stores and memorizes it in the problem data storage unit 31 of the storage unit 30. The objective function (Formula 18) complies with the constraint equations (Formula 15), (Formula 17) and the constraint equations (Formula 20), (Formula 21), and (Formula 22).

The planning unit 13 of the calculation unit 10 calculates a solution that satisfies the constraint equations using a method such as mathematical optimization calculation, and creates a plan for the power generation output. The planning unit 13 of the calculation unit 10 calculates a solution that minimizes the objective function (Equation 18).

The plan creation unit 13 of the calculation unit 10 creates a plan for the power generation output of each generator and stores and memorizes it in the plan data storage unit 32 of the storage unit 30. The plan data storage unit 32 of the storage unit 30 is a database.

The calculation unit 10 outputs the generator operation plan created by the plan creation unit 13 via the transmission unit 50. The transmission unit 50 outputs the generator operation plan by a transmission message, a transmission signal to an external memory, or by display, printout, etc. Alternatively, the calculation unit 10 may transmit a control signal based on the generator operation plan created by the plan creation unit 13 directly to the generator via the transmission unit 50.

The above is the configuration and operation of the operation plan creation device 1 in this embodiment.

[4-2. Effects]
According to this embodiment, the multiple cost function data 25 are represented by piecewise linear functions, and the adjustment cost definition unit 11 generates a cost function as an adjustment cost based on a piecewise linear function in which a term having a variable is multiplied by a term having a variable with a term having a variable multiplied by a constant term, and the problem generation unit 12 transforms the cost function generated by the adjustment cost definition unit 11 into a mixed integer linear programming problem and generates an objective function. Therefore, it is possible to provide an operation plan creation device 1 that can create operation plans for multiple generators by solving a mathematical programming problem for multiple generators having multiple unit prices set.

According to this embodiment, it is possible to provide an operation plan creation device 1 that creates a power generation plan corresponding to various fee systems in which multiple fees are set according to the output generated power.

According to this embodiment, it is possible to instruct multiple generators to operate in a way that minimizes the adjustment cost, based on the adjustment cost calculated from the reference value and multiple cost functions.

In this embodiment, the objective function has a simple form, which improves the scalability of the objective function and enables faster calculations.

[5. Fifth embodiment]
[5-1. Configuration and Action]
An operation plan creation device 1 according to a fifth embodiment will be described. In the operation plan creation device 1 according to the fifth embodiment, a cost function generated in an adjustment cost definition unit 11 is different from those of the operation plan creation device 1 according to the first to fourth embodiments.

The operation plan creation device 1 according to the first to fourth embodiments calculates the cost for the power generation output as a cost function, but the adjustment cost definition unit 11 of the operation plan creation device 1 according to the fifth embodiment calculates the cost for the average value of the power generation output in a specified time as a cost function. The problem generation unit 12 generates an objective function based on the cost function generated by the adjustment cost definition unit 11.

The configuration of the operation plan creation device 1 according to the fourth embodiment is the same as the configuration of the operation plan creation device 1 according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1. In addition, the processing procedure of the operation plan creation device 1 according to the fourth embodiment is the same as the processing procedure of the operation plan creation device 1 according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 2.

The adjustment cost definition unit 11 calculates the cost for the average value of the power generation output in a predetermined time period as a cost function based on (Equation 23).

For example, when the settlement time is 30 minutes and a generator schedule is calculated in 5-minute increments, it is preferable to calculate a 30-minute schedule that minimizes the cost based on the average value of the settlement time. The average output p _i,tc ^ave at a certain settlement time is expressed by (Equation 23), where tc is a time step in 30-minute increments, and t is a time step in 5-minute increments.

The problem generator 12 generates an objective function based on the cost function generated by the adjustment cost definition unit 11. The problem generator 12 transforms the objective function (Formula 2), (Formula 16), or (Formula 18) based on (Formula 23). The problem generator 12 further transforms the constraint equations (Formula 3) to (Formula 9), (Formula 15), (Formula 17), or (Formula 20) to (Formula 22) based on (Formula 23).

The problem generator 12 calculates an optimal solution in which the objective function (equation 2), (equation 16), or (equation 18) modified based on (equation 23) is minimized. The problem generator 12 generates the objective function in the optimization calculation as described above, and stores and memorizes it in the problem data storage unit 31 of the storage unit 30. The objective function (equation 2), (equation 16), or (equation 18) modified based on (equation 23) complies with the constraint equations (equation 3) to (equation 9), (equation 15), (equation 17), or (equation 20) to (equation 22) modified based on (equation 23).

The planning unit 13 of the calculation unit 10 calculates a solution that satisfies the constraint equations using a method such as mathematical optimization calculation, and creates a plan for the power generation output. The planning unit 13 of the calculation unit 10 calculates a solution that minimizes the objective function (Equation 2), (Equation 16), or (Equation 18) transformed based on (Equation 23).

The plan creation unit 13 of the calculation unit 10 creates a plan for the power generation output of each generator and stores and memorizes it in the plan data storage unit 32 of the storage unit 30. The plan data storage unit 32 of the storage unit 30 is a database.

The calculation unit 10 outputs the generator operation plan created by the plan creation unit 13 via the transmission unit 50. The transmission unit 50 outputs the generator operation plan by a transmission message, a transmission signal to an external memory, or by display, printout, etc. Alternatively, the calculation unit 10 may transmit a control signal based on the generator operation plan created by the plan creation unit 13 directly to the generator via the transmission unit 50.

The above is the configuration and operation of the operation plan creation device 1 in this embodiment.

[5-2. Effects]
According to this embodiment, the adjustment cost definition unit 11 generates a cost function by setting the cost relative to the average value of the power generation output in a specified time as the adjustment cost, and the problem generation unit 12 generates an objective function based on the cost function generated by the adjustment cost definition unit 11. Therefore, it is possible to provide an operation plan creation device 1 that can create operation plans for multiple generators by solving a mathematical programming problem for multiple generators having multiple unit prices set.

According to this embodiment, it is possible to provide an operation plan creation device 1 that creates a power generation plan corresponding to various fee systems in which multiple fees are set according to the output generated power.

According to this embodiment, even if the unit time for settlement is different from the unit time for calculating the operation schedule of the power generation output, an optimal operation plan can be created. For example, by setting the unit time for calculating the operation schedule of the power generation output to 5 minutes and the unit time for settlement to 30 minutes, it is possible to calculate the power generation output that satisfies constraints such as matching supply and demand every 5 minutes, and minimize the amount settled every 30 minutes.

6. Other embodiments
Although the embodiments including the modified examples have been described, these embodiments are presented as examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These embodiments can be implemented in various other forms, and various omissions, substitutions, and modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the invention. These embodiments and their modifications are included in the scope of the invention and its equivalents as well as in the scope and gist of the invention. The following is an example.

(1) In the above embodiment, the demand forecast data 21, the power generation forecast data 22, the system data 23, the generator data 24, the cost function data 25, and the reference value data 26 are set and stored in advance in the storage unit 20, but the data that is set and stored in advance is not limited to this. Some of the demand forecast data 21, the power generation forecast data 22, the system data 23, the generator data 24, the cost function data 25, and the reference value data 26, or any data in addition to these, may be set in advance and stored in the storage unit 20.

1 ... Operation plan creation device 10 ... Calculation unit 11 ... Adjustment cost definition unit 12 ... Problem generation unit 13 ... Plan creation unit 20 ... Memory unit 21 ... Demand forecast data 22 ... Power generation forecast data 23 ... System data 24 ... Power generator data 25 ... Cost function data 26 ... Reference value data 30 ... Storage unit 31 ... Problem data storage unit 32 ... Plan data storage unit 40 ... Receiving unit 50 ... Transmitting unit

Claims (6)

Demand forecast data that predicts future electricity demand in the power grid that transmits electricity;
power generation prediction data for predicting the amounts of power generated by a plurality of generators that supply power to the power grid;
System data representing a state of the power system;
generator data representative of specifications of a plurality of said generators;
At least one of the following:
Cost function data representing a relationship between the unit price and the power generated by the plurality of generators;
Reference value data representing reference values of electric power output from the plurality of generators;
A storage unit that stores the
an adjustment cost definition unit that defines an adjustment cost for each of the plurality of generators based on at least one of the demand forecast data, the power generation forecast data, the system data, and the generator data stored in the storage unit, the cost function data, and the reference value data;
a problem generator that generates a formula for a problem based on at least one of the demand forecast data, the power generation forecast data, the system data, and the power generator data stored in the storage unit, the cost function data, the reference value data, and the adjustment cost defined by the adjustment cost definition unit;
a plan creation unit that creates an operation plan for a generator by performing calculations based on the formula created by the problem creation unit;
having
the adjustment cost definition unit generates a cost function using a cost for an average value of power generation output in a predetermined time as an adjustment cost;
The problem generator generates an objective function based on the cost function generated by the adjustment cost definition unit.
Operation plan creation device. The plurality of cost function data are represented by piecewise linear functions, and a slope of the piecewise linear function is monotonically increasing.
The operation plan creating device according to claim 1 . The cost function data is set in a plurality of sets corresponding to amounts of power divided by reference value data,
The adjustment cost definition unit defines the adjustment cost based on a plurality of the cost function data.
The operation plan creating device according to claim 1 or 2. The plurality of cost function data are represented by piecewise linear functions;
the adjustment cost definition unit generates a cost function as the adjustment cost based on the piecewise linear function in which a term having a variable and a term having a variable multiplied together are replaced with a term having a variable multiplied together with a constant term;
the problem generator transforms the cost function generated by the adjustment cost definition unit into a mixed integer linear programming problem and generates an objective function;
The operation plan creating device according to any one of claims 1 to 3. the plan creation unit uses a mathematical optimization calculation technique to calculate a solution that satisfies a constraint equation related to the equation generated by the problem creation unit, and creates an operation plan for the generator.
The operation plan creating device according to any one of claims 1 to 4 . The information stored in the memory unit is
Demand forecast data that predicts future electricity demand in the power grid that transmits electricity;
power generation prediction data for predicting the amounts of power generated by a plurality of generators that supply power to the power grid;
System data representing a state of the power system;
generator data representative of specifications of a plurality of said generators;
At least one of the following:
Cost function data representing a relationship between the unit price and the power generated by the plurality of generators;
an adjustment cost definition means for defining an adjustment cost for each of the plurality of power generators based on reference value data representing a reference value of the electric power output from the plurality of power generators;
a problem generating means for generating a mathematical expression relating to a problem based on at least one of the demand forecast data, the power generation forecast data, the system data, and the power generator data stored in the storage unit, the cost function data and the reference value data stored in the storage unit, and the adjustment cost defined by the adjustment cost defining means;
a plan creation means for creating a generator operation plan by performing calculations based on the formula created by the problem creation means;
having
the adjustment cost definition means generates a cost function using a cost for an average value of power generation output in a predetermined time as an adjustment cost;
The problem generating means generates an objective function based on the cost function generated by the adjustment cost defining means.
A computer program for an operation plan creation device.

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