JP7710872B2 - Thermal insulation and waterproofing structure and method for thermal insulation and waterproofing of buildings - Google Patents
Thermal insulation and waterproofing structure and method for thermal insulation and waterproofing of buildingsInfo
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Description
本発明は、建築物の躯体や内外装材の表面である対象面に適用する断熱防水構造および断熱防水方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a thermal insulation and waterproofing structure and a thermal insulation and waterproofing method that are applied to target surfaces such as the framework of a building or the surfaces of interior and exterior materials.
建築物の躯体や内外装材の表面である対象面に適用する断熱防水構造として、例えば以下の非特許文献に記載の技術が知られている。
非特許文献１に記載される「ＳＰＲＦ工法」では、躯体表面に配置するウレタンボードやポリスチレンボードなどからなる平板状の断熱材と、当該断熱材の表面に配置する絶縁シートと、前記断熱材および絶縁シートを躯体に機械的に固定するためのアンカーと、その上に超速硬化ウレタンを吹き付けてなる防水層と、当該防水層上に設けるトップコート層とを設けた構成が開示されている。
As a thermal insulation and waterproof structure to be applied to a target surface such as the surface of a building's framework or interior and exterior materials, for example, the technology described in the following non-patent literature is known.
The "SPRF method" described in Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a configuration that includes a flat insulation material made of a urethane board, polystyrene board, or the like that is placed on the surface of the structure, an insulating sheet that is placed on the surface of the insulation material, anchors for mechanically fixing the insulation material and the insulating sheet to the structure, a waterproof layer formed by spraying ultra-fast-curing urethane on top of that, and a top coat layer that is placed on top of the waterproof layer.
上記した従来の断熱防水構造では、以下に記載する課題のうち少なくとも何れか１つの課題を有していた。
（１）対象面に断熱材を機械的に固定するべく、下地、断熱材、絶縁シートへの穴あけ作業や、アンカーの打込み作業、アンカーの端部処理などの諸工程が必要となる。
（２）平板状の断熱材を敷設する場合、断熱材間に継ぎ目が発生するため、メッシュテープなどで補強する作業が発生する。
（３）断熱材間の継ぎ目部分が断熱欠損部となる。
（４）躯体形状に合わせるための断熱材の切断作業が発生する。
（５）斜面に断熱材を敷設する際に断熱材の仮止め等の追加作業や施工手順に制約が生まれる。
（６）斜面での適用時には施工後の表面が特に滑りやすくなる。
The above-mentioned conventional heat-insulating and waterproof structure has at least one of the following problems.
(1) In order to mechanically fix the insulation material to the target surface, various processes are required, such as drilling holes in the base, insulation material, and insulating sheet, driving in anchors, and processing the ends of the anchors.
(2) When laying flat insulation material, seams are created between the insulation materials, which necessitates the task of reinforcing them with mesh tape or the like.
(3) The joints between the insulation materials will have insulation defects.
(4) The insulation material must be cut to fit the shape of the structure.
(5) When laying insulation on a slope, additional work such as temporarily fixing the insulation is required and restrictions are imposed on the construction procedure.
(6) When applied on a slope, the surface becomes particularly slippery after application.
よって、本発明は、建築物の断熱防水構造において、施工性および品質の向上が可能な手段の提供を目的の一つとする。 Therefore, one of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a means for improving the workability and quality of thermal insulation and waterproofing structures for buildings.
上記の課題を解決すべくなされた本願の第１発明は、建築物用の断熱防水構造であって、建築物の躯体や内外装材の表面である対象面に直接又は間接的に設ける、現場発泡式のウレタンフォームからなる、断熱層と、前記断熱層上に設ける、ポリウレア系樹脂からなる、防水層と、前記防水層上に設ける、骨材を混合した防水材からなる、骨材防水層と、前記骨材防水層上に設ける、トップコート層と、を少なくとも有し、前記骨材防水層の表面が前記骨材によって凹凸面を形成し、前記凹凸面が前記トップコート層の表面まで維持されていることを特徴とする。
また、本願の第２発明は、建築物用の断熱防水方法であって、建築物の躯体や内外装材の表面である対象面に直接又は間接的に、現場発泡式のウレタンフォームからなる断熱層を形成する工程と、前記断熱層上にポリウレア系樹脂からなる防水層を設ける工程と、前記防水層上に骨材を混合した防水材からなる骨材防水層を設ける工程と、前記骨材防水層上にトップコート層を設ける工程と、を少なくとも有し、前記骨材防水層の表面が前記骨材によって凹凸面を形成し、前記凹凸面が前記トップコート層の表面まで維持されていることを特徴とする。
The first invention of the present application, which has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, is an insulating waterproof structure for buildings, comprising at least an insulating layer made of on-site foamed urethane foam that is provided directly or indirectly on a target surface, which is the surface of the building's framework or interior and exterior materials, a waterproof layer made of a polyurethane-based resin that is provided on the insulating layer, an aggregate waterproof layer made of a waterproof material mixed with aggregate that is provided on the waterproof layer, and a top coat layer that is provided on the aggregate waterproof layer, wherein the surface of the aggregate waterproof layer forms an uneven surface due to the aggregate, and the uneven surface is maintained up to the surface of the top coat layer.
In addition, the second invention of the present application is a method for insulating and waterproofing buildings, comprising at least the steps of: forming an insulating layer made of on-site foamed urethane foam directly or indirectly on a target surface, which is the surface of a building's framework or interior/exterior materials; providing a waterproof layer made of a polyurethane-based resin on the insulating layer; providing an aggregate waterproof layer made of a waterproofing material mixed with aggregate on the waterproof layer; and providing a topcoat layer on the aggregate waterproof layer, wherein the surface of the aggregate waterproof layer forms an uneven surface due to the aggregate, and the uneven surface is maintained up to the surface of the topcoat layer.
本発明によれば、以下に記載する効果のうち、少なくとも何れか１つの効果を奏する。
（１）現場発泡式のウレタンフォームを用いて断熱層を形成するため、ウレタンフォームが具備する自己接着力によって、躯体や内外装材などの施工対象に対し、機械的な固定作業が不要となる。
（２）現場発泡式のウレタンフォームを用いて継ぎ目のない断熱層を形成できるため、継ぎ目の補強作業が不要となる。
（３）現場発泡式のウレタンフォームを用いて継ぎ目のない断熱層を形成できるため、継ぎ目による断熱欠損の問題が生じない。
（４）建築物の躯体形状に対し、施工上の制約を受けない。
（５）斜面での適用に際し、施工上の制約を受けない。
（６）トップコート層の直下に骨材防水層を設けることで、防滑性を付与できる。
（７）防水層と骨材防水層とを別々に設けることで、防水層を摩耗から保護できる。また、骨材防水層が摩耗により薄くなってきた場合、骨材防水層以降を施工するだけで構造を維持できる。
（８）トップコート層に骨材を配合する際には、トップコート層の層厚が薄いことから骨材の粒径も必然的に小さくせざるを得ないところ、トップコート層よりも層厚の大きな骨材防水層を別途設けることで、骨材の粒径を大きくでき、施工後の使用に伴う骨材の摩耗に対する耐久性が向上する。
According to the present invention, at least one of the following effects can be obtained.
(1) Since the insulation layer is formed using on-site foamed urethane foam, the self-adhesive properties of the urethane foam make it unnecessary to mechanically fix the insulation layer to the structure or interior/exterior materials or other objects to which it is to be applied.
(2) Since a seamless insulation layer can be formed using on-site foamed urethane foam, there is no need to reinforce the joints.
(3) Since a seamless insulation layer can be formed using on-site foamed urethane foam, there is no problem of insulation loss due to joints.
(4) There are no construction restrictions regarding the building's structural shape.
(5) There are no construction restrictions when applied on slopes.
(6) By providing an aggregate waterproofing layer directly below the top coat layer, slip resistance can be imparted.
(7) By providing the waterproof layer and the aggregate waterproof layer separately, the waterproof layer can be protected from wear. In addition, if the aggregate waterproof layer becomes thin due to wear, the structure can be maintained by simply constructing the aggregate waterproof layer and subsequent layers.
(8) When mixing aggregate into the top coat layer, the particle size of the aggregate must inevitably be made small because the thickness of the top coat layer is thin. However, by providing a separate aggregate waterproofing layer that is thicker than the top coat layer, the particle size of the aggregate can be made larger, thereby improving the durability of the aggregate against wear that occurs during use after construction.
以下、図面を参照しながら、本発明の実施例について説明する。 The following describes an embodiment of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
＜１＞全体構成（図１）
本発明に係る断熱構造は、建築物の躯体や内外装材などの施工対象の表面である対象面から順に、断熱層１０、防水層２０、骨材防水層３０、およびトップコート層４０と、を少なくとも有して構成する。
本発明に係る断熱構造の施工対象は、屋内、屋外の如何を問わず、建築物の躯体や内外装材等として、コンクリート製の床スラブや壁材、工場等の屋根材、地下ピット、ＡＬＣパネルなどの外壁材、駐車場のアスファルト下地などが含まれる。
以下、各層の詳細について説明する。
<1> Overall configuration (Fig. 1)
The insulating structure of the present invention is composed of at least an insulating layer 10, a waterproof layer 20, an aggregate waterproof layer 30, and a top coat layer 40, in that order from the target surface, which is the surface of the construction object such as the building structure or interior and exterior materials.
The targets for construction of the insulation structure of the present invention can be either indoors or outdoors, and include the structure and interior/exterior materials of buildings, concrete floor slabs and wall materials, roofing materials for factories, underground pits, exterior wall materials such as ALC panels, and asphalt bases for parking lots.
Each layer will be described in detail below.
＜２＞断熱層（図１）
断熱層１０は、断熱効果を発揮するための層である。
本発明では、断熱層１０を、ポリイソシアネート化合物からなる主剤とポリオール化合物からなる硬化剤とを、吹き付け機および吹き付けガンを用いて現場で混合吹き付けしてなるウレタンフォームで形成する。
本発明に係る断熱層１０を形成するウレタンフォームは、ＪＩＳ Ａ９５２６のＡ種１～３、Ｂ種等の独立気泡構造硬質ウレタンフォームに代表される、断熱材として使用される公知のウレタンフォームを用いることができる。
また、本発明では、断熱層１０の層厚ｔ１は１０ｍｍ～３０ｍｍ程度を想定する。
<2> Thermal insulation layer (Fig. 1)
The heat insulating layer 10 is a layer for exerting a heat insulating effect.
In the present invention, the heat insulating layer 10 is formed of a urethane foam obtained by mixing a base agent made of a polyisocyanate compound and a hardener made of a polyol compound and spraying the mixture on-site using a spray machine and a spray gun.
The urethane foam forming the insulating layer 10 according to the present invention can be any known urethane foam used as an insulating material, such as closed-cell rigid urethane foams of JIS A9526 types A 1 to 3 and type B.
In the present invention, the thickness t1 of the heat insulating layer 10 is assumed to be about 10 mm to 30 mm.
＜３＞防水層（図１）
防水層２０は、防水効果を発揮するための材料層である。
本発明では、防水層２０を、ウレタン樹脂系やポリウレア系樹脂などの一般的な防水樹脂材料で構成し、断熱層１０の直上に、塗布または吹き付け等によって形成する。
防水樹脂材料の吹き付け作業には、吹き付け機および吹き付けガンを用いる事ができる。
防水層２０に、ポリウレア系樹脂を用いると、高い強度と防水性を両立できる点で好ましい。
本発明においてポリウレア系樹脂は、ポリウレア樹脂だけでなく、ウレタン結合とウレア結合の両者を有するポリウレアウレタン樹脂も含まれる。
ポリウレアウレタン樹脂は、比較的高い強度と柔軟性を有し、防水性の面からも好ましい。
本発明では、防水層の層厚ｔ２は１．５ｍｍ～２．５ｍｍ程度を想定する。
<3> Waterproof layer (Fig. 1)
The waterproof layer 20 is a material layer for achieving a waterproof effect.
In the present invention, the waterproof layer 20 is made of a general waterproof resin material such as a urethane resin or a polyurea resin, and is formed directly on the insulating layer 10 by coating or spraying.
A spray machine and a spray gun can be used to spray the waterproof resin material.
It is preferable to use a polyurethane resin for the waterproof layer 20, since this allows for both high strength and waterproofness.
In the present invention, the polyurea-based resin includes not only polyurea resins but also polyureaurethane resins having both urethane bonds and urea bonds.
Polyurea urethane resin has relatively high strength and flexibility, and is also preferable in terms of waterproofing.
In the present invention, the thickness t2 of the waterproof layer is assumed to be approximately 1.5 mm to 2.5 mm.
＜４＞骨材防水層（図１）
骨材防水層３０は、防水効果と防滑効果を発揮するための材料層である。
本発明では、骨材防水層３０を、骨材３１を混合した防水材を塗布または吹き付け等によって形成する。
骨材防水層３０を構成する防水材には、前記した防水層２０に使用可能な防水樹脂材料を用いることができる。
骨材３１を混合した防水材の吹き付け作業は、防水材用の吹き付け機および吹き付けガンと、骨材供給装置との併用でもって実施することができる。
本発明では、骨材防水層３０の層厚ｔ３は１ｍｍ～２ｍｍ程度を想定する。
<4> Aggregate waterproof layer (Fig. 1)
The aggregate waterproof layer 30 is a material layer that exhibits waterproof and anti-slip effects.
In the present invention, the aggregate waterproof layer 30 is formed by coating or spraying a waterproof material mixed with aggregate 31.
The waterproof material constituting the aggregate waterproof layer 30 can be the waterproof resin material usable for the waterproof layer 20 described above.
The spraying of the waterproofing material mixed with aggregate 31 can be carried out by using a waterproofing material sprayer and spray gun in combination with an aggregate supply device.
In the present invention, the layer thickness t3 of the aggregate waterproof layer 30 is assumed to be approximately 1 mm to 2 mm.
＜４．１＞骨材（図１）
骨材３１は、滑り止め機能を発揮するための材料である。
骨材３１は、滑り止め効果を発揮できる公知の材料から適宜選択することができる。
骨材３１の平均粒径は、摩耗に対する耐久期間を確保する観点から、骨材防水層３０の層厚と同等程度、若しくはそれ以上とすることが好ましい。
<4.1> Aggregate (Fig. 1)
The aggregate 31 is a material that exhibits an anti-slip function.
The aggregate 31 can be appropriately selected from known materials that can exhibit an anti-slip effect.
From the viewpoint of ensuring a durability period against abrasion, it is preferable that the average particle size of the aggregate 31 is approximately equal to or greater than the thickness of the aggregate waterproof layer 30 .
＜４．２＞防水材
骨材防水層３０を構成する防水材は、防水層２０でも説明したとおり、ウレタン樹脂系やポリウレア系樹脂（ポリウレア樹脂、ポリウレアウレタン樹脂）などの一般的な防水樹脂材料で構成する。防水材を構成する材料は、防水層で用いる材料と同一でも異なるものであってもよい。
<4.2> Waterproofing material The waterproofing material constituting the aggregate waterproof layer 30 is made of a general waterproofing resin material such as a urethane resin or a polyurea resin (polyurea resin, polyurea urethane resin) as described in the waterproofing layer 20. The material constituting the waterproofing material may be the same as or different from the material used in the waterproofing layer.
＜５＞トップコート層（図１）
トップコート層４０は、骨材防水層３０の表面を水分、紫外線、熱、塩害等から長期間保護するための材料層である。
トップコート層４０に用いる材料は、ウレタン系、シリコン系、フッ素系等の、表面保護効果を発揮できる公知の材料から適宜選択することができる。
トップコート層４０の層厚ｔ４は０．１５ｍｍ～０．２５ｍｍを想定する。
<5> Topcoat layer (Fig. 1)
The topcoat layer 40 is a material layer for protecting the surface of the aggregate waterproof layer 30 from moisture, ultraviolet rays, heat, salt damage, etc. for a long period of time.
The material used for the topcoat layer 40 can be appropriately selected from known materials capable of exerting a surface protection effect, such as urethane-based, silicone-based, and fluorine-based materials.
The layer thickness t4 of the top coat layer 40 is assumed to be 0.15 mm to 0.25 mm.
＜６＞施工手順（図１）
次に、本発明に係る断熱防水構造の形成手順の一例について説明する。
<6> Construction procedure (Fig. 1)
Next, an example of a procedure for forming the heat-insulating and waterproof structure according to the present invention will be described.
（１）下地処理
まず、必要に応じて、前記した建築物の躯体や内外装材の表面である対象面の下地処理（水分除去、破損箇所補修、ゴミ除去等）を行う。
(1) Surface Preparation First, as necessary, the target surfaces, which are the framework of the building and the surfaces of the interior and exterior materials, are subjected to surface preparation (removal of moisture, repair of damaged areas, removal of debris, etc.).
（２）断熱層の形成工程
現場発泡式のウレタンフォームの混合吹き付け作業を行い、断熱層１０を形成する。ウレタンフォームは高い自己接着力を有するため、対象面に強固に接着されるため、従来の平板状の断熱材の敷設作業のように、アンカーでの固定や、アンカー孔の形成などの作業が不要となる。
また、現場吹き付け式のウレタンフォームは、継ぎ目の発生もなく、対象面の形状や斜度にも影響を受ける事無く施工することができる。
断熱層１０の表面は、できる限り平滑面とするべく、ガンの先端にフラットチップを使用して平滑に吹き付ける方法や、吹き付け後の断熱層１０に対し、ベルトサンダーによる削り作業で平滑面を形成する方法などを採用すればよい。
また、断熱層１０の圧縮強度を向上させるために、一度の吹き付け厚さを５～１０ｍｍ程度とし、例えば厚み３０ｍｍの場合には６回を重ね吹きすることが好ましい。
(2) Formation of the insulation layer A process of mixing and spraying on-site foamed urethane foam is carried out to form the insulation layer 10. Since urethane foam has high self-adhesive strength, it adheres firmly to the target surface, eliminating the need for anchor fixing, anchor hole formation, and other processes required for laying conventional flat insulation material.
In addition, spray-applied urethane foam can be applied on-site without leaving any seams, and is not affected by the shape or slope of the target surface.
In order to make the surface of the insulating layer 10 as smooth as possible, a method such as using a flat tip on the tip of a gun to spray it smoothly, or using a belt sander to scrape the insulating layer 10 after spraying to form a smooth surface may be used.
In order to improve the compressive strength of the heat insulating layer 10, the thickness of each spray is set to about 5 to 10 mm, and for a thickness of 30 mm, for example, it is preferable to spray six times in a row.
（３）防水層の形成工程
断熱層１０が所望の層厚まで形成されたことを確認したのち、断熱層１０に防水層２０を積層形成する。
(3) Step of Forming Waterproof Layer After it has been confirmed that the heat insulating layer 10 has been formed to a desired thickness, the waterproof layer 20 is laminated on the heat insulating layer 10 .
（４）骨材防水層３０の形成工程
防水層２０が所望の層厚まで形成されたことを確認したのち、防水層２０に骨材防水層３０を積層形成する。
骨材防水層３０の表面は、内部に混合してある骨材３１の一部が露出して凹凸を形成した状態となる。
(4) Process for forming aggregate waterproof layer 30 After confirming that the waterproof layer 20 has been formed to the desired thickness, the aggregate waterproof layer 30 is laminated on the waterproof layer 20.
The surface of the aggregate waterproof layer 30 is in an uneven state due to a portion of the aggregate 31 mixed therein being exposed.
（５）トップコート層の形成工程
骨材防水層３０が所望の層厚まで形成されたことを確認したのち、骨材防水層３０に、トップコート層４０を積層形成する。
トップコート層４０の層厚は比較的薄いことから、トップコート層４０の形成後であっても、その表面は、直下の骨材防水層３０における凹凸面が維持された状態となる。
(5) Topcoat Layer Forming Process After confirming that the aggregate waterproof layer 30 has been formed to the desired thickness, a topcoat layer 40 is laminated on the aggregate waterproof layer 30.
Since the thickness of the topcoat layer 40 is relatively thin, even after the topcoat layer 40 is formed, its surface maintains the uneven surface of the aggregate waterproof layer 30 directly below.
＜７＞従来工法との対比
同一条件で、従来工法と、本発明に係る工法（本願工法）で施工を行った場合の作業期間の対比結果を以下に示す。
<7> Comparison with conventional construction method The results of a comparison of the work period when construction is carried out under the same conditions using the conventional construction method and the construction method according to the present invention (the present construction method) are shown below.
施工面積が２００ｍ２程度の現場において、各工法での作業時間や待機時間を累計すると、以下の通りとなった。
［１］従来工法：断熱材設置（６時間）＋絶縁シート設置（１３時間）＋防水層施工（６時間）＋トップコート施工（４時間）＋待機時間（６時間）＝計３５時間
［２］本願工法：断熱材吹付け（３時間）＋防水層吹付け（６時間）＋骨材防水層吹付け（３時間）＋トップコート施工（４時間）＋待機時間（４時間）＝計２０時間
このように、本発明は、従来工法と比較して、個別の作業時間の累計を４５％程度短縮でき、また作業期間に待機期間を含めた工期も４３％短縮化することができた。
At a construction site with a construction area of approximately 200 m2 , the cumulative working time and waiting time for each construction method was as follows:
[1] Conventional method: Installation of insulation material (6 hours) + Installation of insulation sheet (13 hours) + Construction of waterproof layer (6 hours) + Construction of top coat (4 hours) + Waiting time (6 hours) = Total of 35 hours [2] Present method: Spraying of insulation material (3 hours) + Spraying of waterproof layer (6 hours) + Spraying of aggregate waterproof layer (3 hours) + Construction of top coat (4 hours) + Waiting time (4 hours) = Total of 20 hours In this way, compared to the conventional method, the present invention is able to reduce the cumulative time of each individual task by approximately 45%, and also shorten the construction period, including the waiting period, by 43%.
１０：断熱層
２０：防水層
３０：骨材防水層
３１：骨材
４０：トップコート層
Ａ：対象面
10: Insulation layer 20: Waterproof layer 30: Aggregate Waterproof layer 31: Aggregate 40: Top coat layer A: Target surface
Claims (2)
前記断熱層上に設ける、ポリウレア系樹脂からなる、防水層と、
前記防水層上に設ける、骨材を混合した防水材からなる、骨材防水層と、
前記骨材防水層上に設ける、トップコート層と、
を少なくとも有し、
前記骨材防水層の表面が前記骨材によって凹凸面を形成し、前記凹凸面が前記トップコート層の表面まで維持されていることを特徴とする、
建築物用の断熱防水構造。 A heat insulating layer made of on-site foamed urethane foam that is directly or indirectly provided on a target surface that is a surface of a building's framework or interior and exterior materials;
A waterproof layer made of a polyurethane resin provided on the heat insulating layer;
An aggregate waterproof layer provided on the waterproof layer and made of a waterproof material mixed with aggregate;
A top coat layer provided on the aggregate waterproof layer;
and
The surface of the aggregate waterproof layer forms an uneven surface by the aggregate, and the uneven surface is maintained up to the surface of the top coat layer.
Insulated and waterproof structures for buildings.
前記断熱層上にポリウレア系樹脂からなる防水層を設ける工程と、
前記防水層上に骨材を混合した防水材からなる骨材防水層を設ける工程と、
前記骨材防水層上にトップコート層を設ける工程と、
を少なくとも有し、
前記骨材防水層の表面が前記骨材によって凹凸面を形成し、前記凹凸面が前記トップコート層の表面まで維持されていることを特徴とする、
建築物用の断熱防水方法。 A step of forming an insulating layer made of on-site foamed urethane foam directly or indirectly on a target surface, which is a surface of a building's framework or interior and exterior materials;
providing a waterproof layer made of a polyurethane resin on the heat insulating layer;
A step of providing an aggregate waterproof layer on the waterproof layer, the aggregate waterproof layer being made of a waterproof material mixed with the aggregate;
providing a topcoat layer on the aggregate waterproof layer;
and
The surface of the aggregate waterproof layer forms an uneven surface by the aggregate, and the uneven surface is maintained up to the surface of the top coat layer.
Insulating and waterproofing methods for buildings.
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