JP7726666B2 - Ultraviolet light germicidal pacing system and method - Google Patents

Description

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate generally to sterilization systems such as those used to sterilize structures and areas within vehicles, and more specifically to systems and methods for pacing the movement of such systems.

Vehicles such as commercial aircraft are used to transport passengers between various locations. Systems are currently being developed to disinfect or sterilize surfaces within aircraft, for example, using ultraviolet (UV) light.

Known UV light disinfection methods involve irradiating a structure with broad-spectrum UVC light to disinfect its surface. However, UVC light typically takes a significant amount of time (e.g., 3 minutes) to kill various bacteria. Furthermore, various bacteria may not be vulnerable to UVC light; that is, they may be able to withstand exposure to UVC light.

In addition, some types of bacteria may develop resistance to UVC light. For example, UVC light may initially kill certain types of bacteria, but if these bacteria are exposed to UVC light for a long period of time, they may develop a resistance to UVC light and be able to withstand exposure to UVC light.

Furthermore, some known manual surface treatment devices rely on operators to perform the process with high reproducibility to achieve high-quality disinfection. However, manual processing is prone to variability, and it can be difficult to maintain high quality control and high efficiency at the same time.

There is a need for a system and method for efficiently sterilizing surfaces in the interior cabin of a vehicle. There is also a need for a portable, compact, easy-to-use, stable, reliable, and safe system and method for sterilizing surfaces in the interior cabin with UV light.

With these needs in mind, some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a UV light pacing system that includes an assembly (e.g., a wand assembly) with a UV lamp configured to emit ultraviolet (UV) light to sterilize a component. One or more ranging light sources are configured to emit ranging light. At least one aspect of the ranging light is modified to provide a visual cue to guide movement of the assembly to sterilize the component.

In at least one embodiment, the one or more ranging light sources are fixed to the assembly.

For example, the at least one aspect includes one or more of the emission time of the ranging light, the emission frequency of the ranging light, the color of the ranging light, or the intensity of the ranging light.

The UV lamp may be configured to emit UV light having a wavelength between 200 nm and 230 nm. For example, the UV light may be emitted at a wavelength of 222 nm.

In at least one other embodiment, the UV lamp may be configured to emit UV light having a wavelength within the UVC spectrum, such as a wavelength between 230 nm and 280 nm. For example, the UV light may be emitted at a wavelength of 254 nm.

In at least one embodiment, a pacing control unit is in communication with the one or more ranging light sources. The pacing control unit is configured to operate the one or more ranging light sources to modify at least one aspect of the ranging light. The assembly may include the pacing control unit.

In at least one embodiment, a pacing database is in communication with the pacing control unit. The pacing database stores surface disinfection data for one or more surfaces of one or more components.

In at least one embodiment, the pacing control unit displays surface sterilization information regarding the surface sterilization data of the component on a display of a user device.

In at least one embodiment, the pacing database further stores map data relating to at least one map of an environment, in which at least a portion of the environment is divided into a plurality of zones, each of which is associated with respective surface disinfection data.

In at least one embodiment, the UV light pacing system further includes a user device having a display and a selector. For example, the selector is configured to allow selection of a time period for at least a portion of the visual cues. The assembly may include the user device.

In at least one embodiment, a navigation subsystem is configured to track the position of the assembly within the environment. For example, the pacing control unit is in communication with the assembly and the navigation subsystem. As a further example, the pacing control unit automatically determines surface sterilization data for the surface of the component based on the position of the assembly relative to the component within the environment.

In at least one embodiment, an augmented reality subsystem communicates with the assembly and the pacing control unit. By way of example, the pacing control unit automatically displays, on a portion of the augmented reality subsystem, one or both of surface sterilization data regarding the surfaces of the components and one or more visual instructions for moving the assembly to sterilize various surfaces as an operator moves through an environment.

In at least one embodiment, the assembly further includes a cover over the UV lamp. The cover is either a wire mesh screen or a stamped or laser-cut metal sheet having openings.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, a UV light pacing method is provided that includes emitting ultraviolet (UV) light from one or more ranging light sources in an assembly having a UV lamp configured to emit UV light to sterilize a component, and modifying at least one aspect of the ranging light to provide a visual cue to guide movement of the assembly to sterilize the component.

Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a UV light pacing system that includes an assembly with a UV lamp configured to emit ultraviolet (UV) light to sterilize a component. A cover is provided (i.e., covering) the UV lamp above, below, around, etc. The cover may be either a wire mesh screen or a stamped or laser-cut metal sheet with openings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a UV light pacing system, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a wand assembly relative to a surface of a component according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 10 is a perspective bottom view showing the wand assembly. FIG. 10 is a perspective bottom view of a wand assembly according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 10 is a front view showing the surface of the component when the wand assembly is out of disinfecting distance according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 10 is a front view showing the surface of a component when the wand assembly is at a disinfecting distance according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 10 is an exemplary circuit diagram illustrating a ranging light source of a wand assembly according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 1 illustrates a map of the inside of an aircraft flight deck according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 1 illustrates a map of the exterior of an aircraft flight deck according to one embodiment of the disclosure. FIG. 10 is a front view illustrating sanitizing instructions for surfaces associated with zones of a map according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 10 is a front view illustrating sanitizing instructions for surfaces associated with zones of a map according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a UV light pacing method, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating a portable sterilization system worn by a worker according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 1 is a perspective side top view showing a wand assembly according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 3 is a perspective rear view of the wand assembly shown in FIG. 2. FIG. 3 is a perspective side view of the wand assembly shown in FIG. 2; FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating a portable sterilization system in a compactly deployed state, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a portable sterilization system with a sterilization head in an extended position, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a portable sterilization system with the sterilization head in an extended position and the handle also in an extended position, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a portable sterilization system with a sterilization head rotated relative to a handle, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 1 is a perspective end view showing a UV lamp and reflector of a germicidal head according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 1 is a perspective end view showing a UV lamp and reflector of a germicidal head according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 1 is a perspective end view showing a UV lamp and reflector of a germicidal head according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 2 is a perspective top view showing the sterilization head. FIG. 2 is a perspective bottom view showing the sterilization head. 25 is an axial cross-sectional view of the sterilization head taken along line 25-25 of FIG. 23. FIG. 1 is a perspective end view showing a UV lamp secured to a mounting bracket according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 1 is a perspective exploded view showing a backpack assembly according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 1 is a perspective front view showing a harness connected to a backpack assembly according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an ultraviolet light spectrum. FIG. 1 is a perspective front view of an aircraft according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 1 is a top view illustrating an interior cabin of an aircraft, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 1 is a top view illustrating an interior cabin of an aircraft, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. 1 is a perspective interior view illustrating an interior cabin of an aircraft, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a lavatory in an interior cabin of an aircraft. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a portable disinfection method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a UV light pacing system, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 1 is a front view illustrating a user device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating a wand assembly for a control device in a flight deck according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of the portable sterilization system of the present disclosure worn by a worker. FIG. 1 is a front perspective view illustrating a shroud and a ranging light source according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 40 is a side perspective view showing a portion of the shroud and distance measurement light source shown in FIG. 39. FIG. 10 is a diagram including five images showing light markers emitted by a pair of ranging light sources from different distances relative to a target surface, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 1 is an end view of a sterilization head according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, showing light markers on a surface to be sterilized. FIG. 1 is a side perspective view illustrating a sterilization head used to sterilize and disinfect an instrument panel according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 10 illustrates multiple relative angles between two ranging light sources in a pair, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 10 illustrates three ranging light sources according to an alternative embodiment of the present disclosure.

The above summary of the invention and the following detailed description of the embodiments will be more clearly understood with reference to the accompanying drawings. In this specification, the use of an element or step in the singular does not necessarily exclude the presence of a plurality of elements or steps. Furthermore, references to "one embodiment" are not intended to exclude the existence of other embodiments that incorporate the features described in that embodiment. Furthermore, unless otherwise specified, an embodiment that "comprises" or "has" one element or elements having a particular property may additionally include other elements that do not have that property.

Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a sterilization system and method that includes an ultraviolet (UV) lamp (e.g., an excimer lamp having one or more light-emitting devices, such as light-emitting diodes or light bulbs) that emits UV light in the far-UV spectrum, e.g., at a wavelength of 222 nm, to neutralize (e.g., kill) germs (e.g., viruses and bacteria) without posing a risk to humans. Optionally, the UV lamp may emit UV light in the UVC spectrum, e.g., at a wavelength of 254 nm. The UV lamp may be used in an interior cabin to remove and kill pathogens. The UV lamp may be used in a portable or stationary sterilization system. For example, operating the UV lamp to emit germicidal UV light having a wavelength in the far-UV spectrum or the UV spectrum may be performed in a portable or stationary system.

The effectiveness of a UV germicidal system is determined by the dose (e.g., expressed in mJ/ ^cm² ) required to kill the targeted pathogens. The dose is a function of the optical power (in watts) of the UV light and the exposure time. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, a pacing guidance system is provided that provides a user with a visual cue (e.g., a visual cue generated by varying the ranging light) to indicate the appropriate time for exposure to germicidal UV light. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a user can pace the movement of the wand assembly during germicidal sterilization to deliver the appropriate amount of UV light for disinfection. Embodiments of the present disclosure can guide a user according to the required dose and/or the particular item to be sterilized.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for pacing UV disinfection of a given surface is provided. The method includes calculating a speed of a wand and loading the speed into a computer program. The program can provide visual cues (e.g., a changing ranging light) as to the speed at which the wand should be moved and provide feedback to help the user maintain the speed.

In at least one embodiment, the visual cue is a varying light emitted from a ranging light source. For example, the ranging light source emits a ranging light onto the surface of the component to be sterilized. The ranging light is alternately stopped and activated to provide a visual cue regarding the speed distribution of the wand assembly relative to the surface of the component. For example, the ranging light can flash at predetermined intervals to provide a timing cue for moving the wand assembly relative to the surface of the component. As another example, the color of the ranging light can be changed at predetermined intervals to provide a timing cue. As another example, the intensity of the ranging light can be changed at predetermined intervals to provide a timing cue.

To calculate the time required to disinfect a surface, the wand speed is calculated by inputting known parameters such as the distance to the surface, the wand irradiance, the disinfection energy required to sterilize the surface, the wand length, and the wand width.

The speed of UV wand movement determines the exposure time, and typically determines whether the appropriate dose required to disinfect the surface can be achieved. For example, if the UV wand moves too quickly relative to the surface, it may not effectively sterilize the surface of the component. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, a UV light pacing system is provided that allows a user to pace the movement of the UV wand assembly via light pulses from a ranging light (e.g., an LED ranging light source).

In at least one embodiment, the UV light pacing system divides the area to be disinfected into subzones that are disinfected (e.g., sterilized) by a series of time-varying passes of the UV wand assembly, regardless of length (e.g., 3-second, 4-second, 5-second, or 6-second passes), thereby guiding the UV disinfection of the area to be disinfected. The pace of the UV wand movement is guided by the pulse frequency of the ranging light source.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, a system for pacing UV disinfection of a predetermined surface is provided. The system includes a UV wand assembly having a ranging light source that emits ranging light onto the surface of a component. The ranging light source is controlled to emit ranging light that pulses at a specific frequency, for example, at predetermined intervals, to provide a visual cue for pacing the UV cleaning rate. A pacing control unit, such as an integrated circuit, controls the pulse duration. In at least one embodiment, the area to be disinfected is divided into predetermined zones based on known dimensions, and each subzone, regardless of length, is disinfected by passing the UV wand assembly over the zone for one or more set periods of time (e.g., one or more 3-second passes).

Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for disinfecting a surface of a component. The method includes selecting a subzone to be disinfected, determining the number of set time passes required to disinfect the subzone, selecting the appropriate time with a selector, sweeping a UV wand assembly across the subzone based on a varying ranging light source, and repeating the sweeping action for the determined number of passes.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, systems and methods are provided for pacing surface disinfection using a portable UV wand assembly to deliver an appropriate amount of UV radiation. The systems and methods use a ranging light source to provide a visual cue to the user to indicate the appropriate time to sweep the UV wand assembly across a predetermined subzone.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic block diagram of a UV light pacing system 100 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The UV light pacing system 100 includes an assembly, such as a wand assembly 102, having one or more ranging light sources 130 and a UV lamp 140. Alternatively, the ranging light source 130 may be separate from the wand assembly 102, e.g., located in a separate housing for use with the wand assembly 102. The ranging light source 130 is configured to emit ranging light 131, e.g., toward a surface 104 of the component 106 to be disinfected. The UV lamp 140 is configured to emit UV light 141 toward the surface 104 to disinfect the surface 104. Optionally, the assembly may be other than a wand assembly. For example, the assembly may be part of a system having an arm, boom, disk, shield, etc., that includes the UV lamp 140.

As described herein, the UV light pacing system 100 includes a wand assembly 102 including a UV lamp 140 configured to emit UV light 141 to disinfect the surface 104 of the component 106. One or more ranging light sources 130 are configured to emit the ranging light 131. At least one aspect of the ranging light 131 (e.g., duration and/or frequency of emission, color of light, intensity of light, etc.) may be varied to provide a visual cue to guide operation of the wand assembly 102 to disinfect the surface 104 of the component 106. In at least one embodiment, the ranging light source 130 is fixed to the wand assembly 102.

Further, as described herein, the UV light pacing method includes emitting ranging light from one or more ranging light sources 130 of the wand assembly 102, the wand assembly including a UV lamp 140 configured to emit UV light 141 to disinfect the surface 104 of the component 106. The method further includes modifying at least one aspect of the ranging light 131 (e.g., duration and/or frequency of emission, color of light, light intensity, etc.) to provide a visual cue to guide operation of the wand assembly 102 to disinfect the surface 104 of the component 106.

In at least one embodiment, the ranging light source 130 may be a light-emitting diode (LED). The ranging light source 130 emits ranging light 131 to visually indicate the appropriate distance (i.e., range) between the wand assembly 102 and the surface 104 for purposes of effectively disinfecting the surface 104. In at least one embodiment, the wand assembly 102 includes multiple ranging light sources 130. For example, the wand assembly 102 includes at least one pair of associated ranging light sources 130. In at least one other embodiment, the wand assembly 102 includes a single ranging light source 130.

The UV lamp 140 emits UV light 141 at a predetermined wavelength. For example, the UV lamp 140 emits UV light 141 in the far UV spectrum. For example, the UV lamp 140 emits UV light 141 at a wavelength of 222 nm. As another example, the UV lamp 140 emits UV light 141 in the UVC spectrum.

The pacing control unit 150 communicates with the ranging light source 130, for example, via one or more wired or wireless connections. In at least one embodiment, the pacing control unit 150 is located within the wand assembly 102. That is, the wand assembly 102 includes the pacing control unit 150. In at least one other embodiment, the pacing control unit 150 may be separate from the wand assembly 102 and may be located within a computing device, such as a desktop or laptop computer or a portable smart device (e.g., a smartphone or tablet).

The pacing control unit 150 is configured to operate one or more ranging light sources 130 to modify at least one aspect of the ranging light 131. To pace or guide the movement of the wand assembly 102 relative to the component 106 to properly and effectively disinfect the surface 104, the pacing control unit 150 controls the ranging light sources 130 to modify the ranging light 131. The modified light provides a visual cue to guide the pacing rate of movement of the wand assembly 102 relative to the component 106. For example, the pacing control unit 150 can selectively deactivate the ranging light sources 130 at predetermined times for a predetermined period of time to cause the ranging light 131 to flash and/or pulse. As an example, when wand assembly 102 is activated to emit UV light 141 from UV lamp 140, pacing control unit 150 uses a timer to first deactivate ranging light 131 at an initial time, causing an initial blinking or pause, then resumes activation of the ranging light for a set period of time (e.g., 1 second or 1.5 seconds), after which pacing control unit 150 again deactivates the ranging light, and so on. In this manner, pacing control unit 150 operates ranging light source 130 to produce a series of light pulses (e.g., by emitting them onto a surface) at regular, predetermined intervals, providing a visual timing cue to the operator of wand assembly 102. For example, if the time interval between the first deactivation (e.g., first blinking) of ranging light source 130 and the second deactivation of ranging light source 130 is 1 second, the operator can determine that each blink represents 1 second. Thus, if the effective time to move the wand assembly 102 along the length of the surface 104 to disinfect the surface is 3 seconds, the operator determines to move the wand assembly 102 along the length of the surface 104 until at least three additional deactivations occur after the first deactivation (a total of three pulses of the ranging light 131 on the surface 104). Optionally, the duration of each pulse of the ranging light 131 (i.e., the activation time of the ranging light 131 between deactivations (e.g., flashes)) may be longer or shorter than 1 second. For example, the duration of each pulse may be 1.5 seconds. As another example, the duration of each pulse may be 0.5 seconds. As another example, the duration of each pulse may be 2 seconds.

In at least one embodiment, the operator can select a time per pulse (e.g., 0.5 second intervals, 1 second intervals, 1.5 second intervals, 2 second intervals, etc.) via selector 152 of user device 154. That is, selector 152 is configured to allow selection of the time for at least a portion of the visual cue, such as the time of the pulse of ranging light 131. User device 154 includes a user interface 156 that includes a display 158 and selector 152. In at least one embodiment, display 158 and selector 152 are part of a touchscreen interface. Selector 152 may be a virtual button, slide, switch, dial, etc. Optionally, selector 152 may be a physical button, slide, switch, dial, etc.

In at least one embodiment, the user device 154 is a computing device such as a personal or laptop computer, a portable smart device (e.g., a smartphone or smart tablet), or the like. In at least one other embodiment, the wand assembly 102 includes the user device 154. For example, the wand assembly 102 may include a handle that has the user device 154. In an alternative embodiment, the UV light pacing system 100 does not include the user device 154.

Optionally, instead of the visual cue being a light pulse, the color of the ranging light can be changed at predetermined intervals to provide a timing cue. As another example, the intensity of the ranging light can be changed at predetermined intervals to provide a timing cue.

In at least one embodiment, the UV light pacing system 100 includes a pacing database 160 that communicates with the pacing control unit 150 and/or the user device 154, e.g., via one or more wired or wireless connections. In at least one embodiment, the pacing database 160 is provided within the wand assembly 102. For example, the wand assembly 102 may include the pacing database 160. In at least one other embodiment, the pacing database 160 is located remotely from the wand assembly 102.

The pacing database 160 stores surface sanitization data 162 for one or more surfaces of one or more components. The surface sanitization data 162 includes information regarding the UV light dose, distance (including the distance between the wand assembly 102 and the surface 104 and/or the length of the surface 104), and time of disinfection with the UV light 141. For example, the surface sanitization data 162 includes dose data 164 regarding the UV light dose for disinfecting the surface 104, distance data 166 regarding the distance associated with the wand assembly 102 and the surface 104 for disinfecting the surface 104, and time data 168 regarding the time of disinfection using the UV light 141 emitted by the UV lamp 140. The pacing database 160 may store surface sanitization data 162 for multiple surfaces 104 of multiple components 106. For example, the surfaces 104 may represent one or more zones or subzones in the interior cabin of a vehicle, such as a commercial aircraft.

In at least one embodiment, surface sanitization data 162 may be different for different pathogens that are targeted to be killed, removed, neutralized, etc. during the sanitization process. For example, surface sanitization data 162 for COVID-19 may have specific dose data 164, distance data 166, and time data 168 for a particular surface 104, which may be different from the dose data 164, distance data 166, and time data 168 for different pathogens, such as influenza, salmonella, MERS, etc.

During operation, an operator of the wand assembly 102 references the surface sanitization data 162 for the particular surface 104 to be sterilized to determine the appropriate pacing of the wand assembly 102 relative to the surface 104. The surface sanitization data 162 may be provided in a guidebook. As another example, the operator may select the particular surface to be sanitized via the selector 152 of the user interface 156, and the surface sanitization data 162 may be displayed on the display 158. For example, the operator may select a particular surface of a component via the user interface 156 to display the surface sanitization data 162 for the selected surface.

In at least one other embodiment, the UV light pacing system 100 includes a navigation subsystem 170 configured to track the position of the wand assembly 102 within an environment, such as the interior cabin of a vehicle. The navigation subsystem 170 may be a global positioning system (GPS) subsystem, a localized three-dimensional tracking subsystem, or the like. The navigation subsystem 170 communicates with the pacing control unit 150 via one or more wired or wireless connections. As the wand assembly 102 moves through the environment, the navigation subsystem 170 tracks the position of the wand assembly 102 relative to various components 106 within the environment. The pacing control unit 150 monitors the position of the wand assembly 102 within the environment via signals received from the navigation subsystem 170. The pacing control unit 150 can automatically determine and selectively display surface sterilization data 162 for components 106 proximate to the wand assembly 102 based on the position of the wand assembly 102 relative to the various components 106 within the environment. In this manner, the pacing control unit 150 can automatically display surface disinfection data 162 of the various components 106 via the user interface 156 as the wand assembly 102 moves near (e.g., within two feet or less of) the various components. Alternatively, the UV light pacing system 100 need not include the navigation subsystem 170.

In at least one embodiment, the UV light pacing system 100 includes an augmented reality subsystem 172. The augmented reality subsystem 172 may include an augmented reality product (e.g., a headset, glasses, etc.) that communicates with an augmented reality control unit. The augmented reality subsystem 172 communicates with the wand assembly 102 and the pacing control unit 150 via one or more wired or wireless connections, etc.

During operation, the operator wears the augmented reality product, which may display, for example, a map of the environment onto which the actual environment is registered and/or overlaid. As the operator moves through the environment, the pacing control unit 150 may display surface sterilization data 162 for specific components on the augmented reality product. For example, the pacing control unit 150 may match the actual components to components in the stored map of the environment. This may enable the pacing control unit 150 to automatically display surface sterilization data 162 and/or visual instructions for moving the wand assembly 102 to sterilize various surfaces as the operator moves through the environment. Alternatively, the UV light pacing system 100 may not include the augmented reality subsystem 172.

As used herein, elements referred to by terms such as "control unit," "central processing unit," "CPU," "computer," and the like may include processor-based or microprocessor-based systems. Such systems include systems using microcontrollers, reduced instruction set computers (RISC), application specific integrated circuits (ASIC), logic circuits, and other circuits or processors having hardware, software, or a combination thereof capable of performing the functions described herein. These examples are merely exemplary and are not intended to limit the definition and/or meaning of such terms. For example, pacing control unit 150 may include one or more processors configured to control operations as described herein.

Pacing control unit 150 is configured to execute a set of instructions stored in one or more data storage units or elements (e.g., one or more memories) to process data. For example, pacing control unit 150 may include or be connected to one or more memories. The data storage units may further store data or other information as desired or needed. The data storage units may be in the form of information sources or physical memory elements within a processing machine.

The set of instructions may include various commands that instruct the pacing control unit 150 as a processing machine to perform specific operations, such as the methods and processes of the various embodiments of the components described herein. The set of instructions may be in the form of a software program. The software may take various forms, such as system software or application software. Furthermore, the software may take the form of a collection of individual programs, a subset of a program within a larger program, or a portion of a program. The software may also include modular programming in the form of object-oriented programming. The processing of input data by the processing machine may be in response to user commands, in response to results of previous processing, or in response to a request from another processing machine.

The drawings of the embodiments herein illustrate one or more control or processing units, such as pacing control unit 150. It should be noted that a processing unit or control unit represents a circuit, circuitry, or portion thereof, which may be implemented as hardware having associated instructions (e.g., software stored on a tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium, such as a computer hard drive, ROM, RAM, etc.) and performing the operations described herein. The hardware may include hardwired state machine circuitry to perform the functions described herein. Optionally, the hardware may include electronic circuitry containing and/or connecting to one or more logic-based devices, such as a microprocessor, processor, controller, etc. Optionally, pacing control unit 150 may represent processing circuitry comprised of, for example, one or more of a field programmable gate array (FPGA), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a microprocessor, etc. The circuitry in various embodiments may be configured to execute one or more algorithms to perform the functions described herein. One or more algorithms, whether explicitly depicted in flow diagrams or methods, may include aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure.

As used herein, the terms "software" and "firmware" are used interchangeably and include any computer program stored in a data storage unit (e.g., one or more memories) for execution by a computer. Such memory includes RAM memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, and non-volatile RAM (NVRAM) memory. The types of data storage units listed above are merely examples and do not limit the types of memory that may be used to store computer programs.

Figure 2 shows a perspective view of the wand assembly 102 relative to the surface 104 of the component 106, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 3A shows a perspective bottom view of the wand assembly 102. Figure 4 shows a front view of the surface 104 of the component 102 when the wand assembly 102 is out of disinfection distance, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 5 shows a front view of the surface 104 of the component 106 when the wand assembly 102 is at disinfection distance, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring to Figures 2-5, the ranging light source 130a emits ranging light 131a, such as a first light marker, in a first color, and the ranging light source 130b emits ranging light 131b, such as a second light marker, in a second color. The ranging light 131a and the ranging light 131b intersect at a predetermined disinfection distance 133. For example, the disinfection distance 133 may be 5 inches or less between the bottom surface 103 and the surface 104 of the wand assembly 102. The ranging lights 131a and 130b diverge at a distance 135 that is outside the disinfection distance 133.

At the surface 104, the ranging lights 130a and 130b provide a visual cue as to the correct distance for disinfection. For example, in the example shown in FIG. 4, the ranging lights 130a and 130b are spaced apart, thereby indicating that the wand assembly 102 is outside the disinfection distance 133. In contrast, in the example shown in FIG. 5, the ranging lights 130a and 130b overlap and converge 130c, thereby indicating that the wand assembly 102 is at or within the disinfection distance 133.

Referring to FIGS. 1-5, the ranging light source 130 provides a visual cue regarding the disinfection distance 133 to disinfect the surface 104, as well as timing for movement (e.g., pacing) of the wand assembly 102. For example, the pacing control unit 150 alters one or more aspects of the ranging light 131, such as selective deactivation/activation, color, intensity, etc.

Figure 3B shows a perspective bottom view of the wand assembly 102, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. In at least one embodiment, the wand assembly 102 includes a cover 171 at its bottom end. The cover 171 is located below the UV lamp 140 (shown in Figure 1) and is configured to allow UV light emitted from the UV lamp 140 to pass through.

As shown, the cover 171 may be a mesh screen 173 including multiple stringers 175 intersecting multiple crossbeams 177, thereby forming multiple light paths 179 between the stringers. The mesh screen 173 may be a wire mesh that covers the UV lamps 140 within the wand assembly 102.

In at least one embodiment, cover 171 is a stamped or laser cut stainless steel sheet with openings (i.e., light paths 179) formed therein. As shown in FIG. 3B, these openings may be rectangular or square.

As described herein, the cover 171, formed as a metal mesh screen or stamped metal sheet, has been found to block electromagnetic interference (EMI). For example, the cover 171 protects the UV lamp 140 from EMI that may be generated outside the wand assembly 102. Additionally, the cover 171 eliminates, minimizes, or reduces the possibility that EMI generated within the wand assembly 102 may leak outside the wand assembly 102.

The cover 171 described with reference to Figure 3B can be used with any of the wand assemblies shown and described herein.

FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary circuit diagram of the ranging light source 130 of the wand assembly 102 (e.g., shown in FIG. 1), according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. With reference to FIGS. 1 and 6, the pacing control unit 150 outputs a timer start signal 180 to initiate selective deactivation and activation of the ranging light source 130, and provides individual pulses of the ranging light 131 to provide a visual cue for the operator to adjust the speed at which the wand assembly 102 is moved relative to the surface 104. The circuit shown in FIG. 6 is merely exemplary. The ranging light source 130 may include, or be a portion of, multiple different circuits.

FIG. 7 illustrates a map 200 of the inside 202 of an aircraft flight deck 204, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 8 illustrates a map 201 of the outside 203 of an aircraft flight deck 204, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. With reference to FIGS. 7 and 8, the flight deck 204 is an example of an environment that may be disinfected by the wand assembly 102 (shown in FIG. 1). In at least one embodiment, the maps 200 and 201 are stored as map data, for example, in the pacing database 160 (shown in FIG. 1).

In maps 200 and 201, the flight deck 204 is divided into multiple zones and/or subzones. Each zone and/or subzone is associated with specific surface sanitization data 162 (shown in FIG. 1) that indicates information for sanitizing that zone and/or subzone.

For example, the zones include overhead lining 1a and 1b, overhead panel 2, windows 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d, anti-glare panel 4, instrument panels 5a and 5b, center instrument panel 6, steering columns 7a and 7b, sidewall liners 8a and 8b, electronics panel 9, seats 10a and 10b, control stand 11, electronics panel 12, overhead panel 13, and cockpit door 14. Each zone can be further divided into sub-zones.

The zones and environments shown in Figures 7 and 8 are merely exemplary. Maps 200 and 201 may relate to various environments having different zones and subzones than those shown. For example, maps 200 and/or 201 may relate to the interior cabins of different vehicles, the interior spaces of buildings, etc.

1, 7, and 8, in at least one embodiment, a method for disinfecting various surfaces within an aircraft includes selecting, such as via a user device 154, a surface associated with one of the zones to be disinfected. The pacing control unit 150 then retrieves surface sanitization data 162 for the selected zone from a pacing database 160. The surface sanitization data 162 contains instructions for disinfecting the selected zone, such as a number of sweeps of the wand assembly 102 across the surface 104 and a time period per sweep, as guided by visual cues from the ranging light source 130. These instructions may be displayed, for example, on a display 158. The wand assembly 102 is then manipulated and moved in accordance with these instructions.

In at least one embodiment, each zone may be based on known dimensions. One or more of these zones may be further divided into subzones. In at least one embodiment, each subzone, regardless of length, may be disinfected by one or more three-second passes of the wand assembly 102. The number of passes may be determined by the size of the subzone. Additionally, other areas of the aircraft may be similarly divided into subzones.

FIG. 9 illustrates a front view of sanitization instructions 210 for surfaces associated with zones of a map, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to FIGS. 1 and 9, in at least one embodiment, the surface sanitization information representing surface sanitization data 162 includes sanitization instructions 210 for surfaces 104 to be sanitized. The surfaces 104 of the components 106 are associated with zones. Optionally, the sanitization instructions may relate to surfaces whether or not they are associated with zones of a map.

The sterilization instructions 210 may be displayed, for example, on the display 158 of the user device 154. As another example, the sterilization instructions 210 may be displayed in an augmented reality product of the augmented reality subsystem 172. As another example, the sterilization instructions 210 may be displayed in a sterilization guidebook.

As shown, the sterilization instructions 210 include a direction 212 to sweep the wand assembly across the surface, a time 214 to sweep the entire length of the surface, and a number of sweeps 216. As shown in FIG. 9, the sterilization instructions 210 indicate two 3-second sweeps from left to right. The sterilization instructions 210 as shown in FIG. 9 are merely exemplary. The sterilization instructions 210 may include different directions, different times, and different numbers of sweeps than those shown. The timing of the sweeps is guided by visual cues provided by the pacing control unit 150 by altering one or more aspects of the ranging light source 130 (e.g., selectively deactivating/activating to generate pulses of light, changing the color of the light, changing the intensity of the light, etc.).

FIG. 10 illustrates a front view of sanitization instructions 210 for surfaces associated with a zone of a map, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The sanitization instructions 210 as shown in FIG. 10 are merely exemplary. As shown in FIG. 10, the sanitization instructions 210 indicate four three-second sweeps from left to right.

7-10, each zone of maps 200 and 201 is associated with surface sanitization data 162, represented at least in part by sanitization instructions 210. The surface sanitization data 162 for at least two of these zones may be different. Once each zone to be sanitized is selected, such as via user device 154, the sanitization instructions 210 for the selected zone may be displayed on display 158. Optionally, the sanitization instructions 210 may be an audio signal output via a speaker on user device 154.

FIG. 11 illustrates a flowchart of a UV light pacing method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The UV light pacing method includes, at 300, emitting ranging light from one or more ranging light sources of a wand assembly having a UV lamp configured to emit UV light for disinfecting a surface of a component, and, at 302, modifying at least one aspect of the ranging light to provide a visual cue for guiding movement of the wand assembly to disinfect the surface of the component.

12 shows a perspective view of a portable sterilization system 1100 worn by a worker 1101, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The portable sterilization system 1100 includes a wand assembly 1102 connected to a backpack assembly 1104, which is removably secured to the worker via a harness 1105. The wand assembly 1102 includes a sterilization head 1106 connected to a handle 1108. In at least one embodiment, the sterilization head 1106 is movably connected to the handle 1108 via a coupler 1110.

Wand assembly 1102 is an example of wand assembly 102, for example, as described with reference to FIG. 1. In at least one embodiment, wand assembly 1102 includes a ranging light source and is configured to guide pacing actions and timing via visual cues from the ranging light emitted by the ranging light source.

As shown in FIG. 12, the wand assembly 1102 is in a stowed position. In the stowed position, the wand assembly 1102 is removably secured to a portion of the backpack assembly 1104 via one or more tracks, clips, latches, belts, ties, etc.

FIG. 13 shows a perspective side top view of a wand assembly 1102 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. A disinfectant head 1106 is connected to a handle 1108 via a coupler 1110. The disinfectant head 1106 includes a shroud 1112 having an outer cover 1114 extending from a proximal end 1116 to a distal end 1118. The shroud 1112 contains a UV lamp, as described herein.

Extending from the proximal end 1116 is a port 1120. The port 1120 connects to a hose 1122, which in turn connects to the backpack assembly 1104 (shown in FIG. 12). The hose 1122 includes an electrical cord, cable, wire, or the like that connects a power source or power supply (e.g., one or more batteries) within the backpack assembly 1104 to the UV lamp 1140 within the shroud 1112. Optionally, the electrical cord, cable, wire, or the like may be external to the hose 1122. The hose 1122 also includes an air line (e.g., air tubing) that fluidly connects the interior chamber of the shroud 1112 to a blower, vacuum generator, air filter, or the like within the backpack assembly 1104.

The coupler 1110 is secured to the outer cover 1114 of the shroud 1112, for example, near the proximal end 1116. The coupler 1110 may include a fixed beam 1124 secured to the outer cover 1114 via one or more fasteners, adhesive, or the like. An extension beam 1126 extends outward from the fixed beam 1124, spacing the handle 1108 from the shroud 1112. A bearing assembly 1128 extends from the extension beam 1126 on the opposite side from the fixed beam 1124. The bearing assembly 1128 may include one or more bearings, track, or the like, that allow the handle 1108 to translate linearly relative to the coupler 1110 in the direction of arrow A and pivot in an arc B about a pivot axis. Optionally, in addition to or instead of the handle 1108 being connected to the bearing assembly 1128 (e.g., the handle 1108 may be fixed to the coupler 1110), the fixed beam 1124 may include a bearing assembly that allows the sterilization head 1106 to translate in the direction of arrow A and rotate (e.g., pivot) in the direction of arc B.

In at least one embodiment, the handle 1108 may include a rod, pole, beam, or similar element 1130, which may be longer than the shroud 1112. Optionally, the rod 1130 may be shorter than the shroud 1112. One or more grips 1132 are secured to the rod 1130. The grips 1132 are configured to be grasped and held by an operator. The grips 1132 may include ergonomic haptics 1134.

Optionally, the size and shape of the wand assembly 1102 may differ from that shown. For example, in at least one embodiment, the handle 1108 may be fixed relative to the shroud 1112. Furthermore, the handle 1108 may or may not be configured to move relative to itself and/or the shroud 1112. For example, the handle 1108 and the shroud 1112 may be integrally molded and formed as a single unit.

In at least one embodiment, the wand assembly 1102 is not connected to a backpack assembly. For example, the wand assembly 1102 is a stand-alone unit having a power source, such as one or more batteries. In another example, the wand assembly 1102 is connected to a case assembly. In at least one other embodiment, the wand assembly 1102 is connected to a UV light disinfection cart.

14 illustrates a perspective rear view of the wand assembly 1102 shown in FIG. 13. FIG. 15 illustrates a perspective side view of the wand assembly 1102 shown in FIG. 13. With reference to FIGS. 14 and 15, the handle 1108 is pivotally connected to the coupler 1110 via a bearing 1136, which has a pivot shaft 1138 pivotally connecting the handle 1108 and the coupler 1110. The handle 1108 may further be configured to linearly translate in and out of the bearing 1136. For example, the handle 1108 may be configured to telescope in and out. Optionally or alternatively, in at least one embodiment, the handle 1108 may include a telescoping body that allows the handle 1108 to extend outward and retract inward.

FIG. 16 shows a perspective view of a portable sterilization system 1100 in a compactly deployed state in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 16, the wand assembly 1102 is detached from the backpack assembly 1104 (shown in FIG. 12) to provide the compactly deployed state. A hose 1122 connects the wand assembly 1102 to the backpack assembly 1104. In the compactly deployed state, the sterilization head 1106 is fully retracted relative to the handle 1108.

FIG. 17 illustrates a perspective view of the portable sterilization system 1100 with the sterilization head 1106 extended, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. To extend the sterilization head 1106 relative to the handle 1108, the sterilization head 1106 is slid outward relative to the handle 1108 in the direction of arrow A' (or the handle 1108 is slid backward relative to the sterilization head 1106). As described above, the sterilization head 1106 can be linearly translated relative to the handle 1108 in the direction of arrow A' via the coupler 1110. Extending the sterilization head 1106 outward, as shown in FIG. 17, allows the portable sterilization system 1100 to easily reach remote locations. Alternatively, the sterilization head 1106 does not have to translate linearly relative to the handle 1108.

FIG. 18 shows a perspective view of the portable sterilization system 1100 with the sterilization head 1106 in an extended position and the handle 1108 also in an extended position, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. To reach further, the handle 1108 can be configured to translate linearly, such as via a telescoping section, thereby allowing the sterilization head 1106 to reach further outward. Alternatively, the handle 1108 may not be configured to extend and retract.

In at least one embodiment, the handle 1108 may include a lock 1109 that is selectively operated to secure the handle 1108 in a desired extended (or retracted) position.

FIG. 19 shows a perspective view of the portable sterilization system 1100 with the sterilization head 1106 rotated relative to the handle 1108, in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure. As described above, the sterilization head 1106 is configured to rotate relative to the handle 1108 via the coupler 1110. Rotating the sterilization head 1106 relative to the handle 1108 allows the sterilization head 1106 to move and sweep to a desired position or to reach areas that would be difficult to reach if the sterilization head 1106 were rigidly fixed to the handle 1108. Alternatively, the sterilization head 1106 need not be rotatable relative to the handle 1108.

20 illustrates a perspective end view of the UV lamp 1140 and reflector 1142 of the germicidal head 1106, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The UV lamp 1140 and reflector 1142 are secured within the shroud 1112 (e.g., shown in FIG. 13) of the germicidal head 1106. In at least one embodiment, the reflector 1142 is secured to the underside 1141 of the shroud 1112, such as by one or more adhesives. Alternatively, the reflector 1142 may be an integral part of the shroud 1112. For example, the reflector 1142 may be part of or form the underside 1141 of the shroud 1112. The reflector 1142 defines a reflective surface 1143 (e.g., a Teflon or mirrored surface) configured to reflect UV light emitted by the UV lamp 1140 outward. In at least one example, the shroud 1112 may include a shell formed from fiberglass, and the reflector 1142 may be formed from Teflon having a reflectivity of 98%.

The reflector 1142 may extend along the entire length of the lower surface 1141 of the shroud 1112. Optionally, the reflector 1142 may extend along less than the entire length of the lower surface 1141 of the shroud 1112.

The UV lamp 1140 may extend along the entire length (or substantially the entire length, e.g., between end 1116 and end 1118). The UV lamp 1140 is secured to the reflector 1142 and/or shroud 1112, for example, via one or more brackets. The UV lamp 1140 includes one or more UV emitters, such as one or more light bulbs or light-emitting elements (e.g., light-emitting diodes). In at least one embodiment, the UV lamp 1140 is configured to emit UV light in the far-UV spectrum, such as wavelengths between 200 nm and 230 nm. In at least one embodiment, the UV lamp 1140 is configured to emit UV light having a wavelength of 222 nm. For example, the UV lamp 1140 may include a 300 W bulb configured to emit UV light having a wavelength of 222 nm. Optionally, the UV lamp 1140 may emit UV light having a different wavelength, such as in the UVC spectrum.

In at least one other embodiment, the UV lamp 1140 is configured to emit UV light in the UVC spectrum, such as at wavelengths between 230 nm and 280 nm. In at least one embodiment, the UV lamp 1140 is configured to emit UV light having a wavelength of 254 nm.

As shown, the reflector 1142 includes flat, upright side walls 1144 connected to one another via an upper curved wall 1146. The upper curved wall 1146 may curve outward away from the UV lamp 1140. For example, the upper curved wall 1146 may have a parabolic cross section and/or profile.

The straight sidewalls 1144 can reflect the UV light emitted from the UV lamps 1140 as desired and focus it at a desired location. Alternatively, the sidewalls 1144 do not have to be straight and flat.

FIG. 21 shows a perspective end view of a UV lamp 1140 and reflector 1142 of a germicidal head 1106 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The reflector 1142 shown in FIG. 21 is similar to the reflector 1142 shown in FIG. 20, except that the side walls 1144 are angled outward from the upper curved wall 1146.

FIG. 22 shows a perspective end view of a UV lamp 1140 and reflector 1142 of a germicidal head according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. In this embodiment, the side wall 1144 may be curved according to the curvature of the upper curved wall 1146.

Figure 23 shows a perspective top view of the sterilization head 1106. Figure 24 shows a perspective bottom view of the sterilization head 1106. Figure 25 shows an axial cross-sectional view through line 25-25 in Figure 23. Referring to Figures 23-25, air 1150 is drawn into the sterilization head 1106 through one or more openings 1152 (or simply open chambers) in the shroud 1112. The air 1150 is drawn into the sterilization head 1106 via a vacuum generator or the like in the backpack assembly 1104 (shown in Figure 12). The air 1150 is drawn into the shroud 1112 and cools the UV lamps 1140 as it passes over and around them. The air 1150 enters the port 1120 and passes through the hose 1122, for example, through the air tube of the hose 1122. The air 1150 not only cools the UV lamps 1140 but also removes ozone within the shroud 1112 that may be generated by operation of the UV lamps 1140. The air 1150 may be drawn through an air filter, such as an activated carbon filter, within the backpack assembly 1104.

In at least one embodiment, the portable sterilization system 1100 may also include an alternative ozone mitigation system. By way of example, the ozone mitigation system may be located in the shroud 1112 or another portion of the system and may include an inert gas bath or a face inert gas system such as that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 10,232,954.

With particular reference to FIG. 23, a bumper 1153 may be secured to the exposed lower peripheral edge 1155 of the shroud 1112. The bumper 1153 may be formed of a resilient material such as rubber, other elastomeric materials, open-cell foam, or closed-cell foam. The bumper 1153 may protect the sterilizing head 1106 from damage if the sterilizing head 1106 unintentionally contacts a surface. The bumper 1153 may also protect the surface from damage.

The multiple openings 1152 may be spaced around the underside of the shroud 1112 to avoid direct view of the UV lamps 1140. For example, the openings 1152 may be located in a lower portion away from the UV lamps 1140.

With particular reference to FIG. 25 , the germicidal head 1106 may include a cover plate 1154 below the UV lamp 1140. The cover plate 1154 may be formed of, for example, glass and may be configured to filter the UV light emitted by the UV lamp 1140. The UV lamp 1140 may be secured to an internal chamber 1156 formed between the reflector 1142 and the cover plate 1154. In at least one embodiment, the cover plate 1154 may include a far-UV bandpass filter. For example, the cover plate 1154 may be a 222 nm bandpass filter that filters the UV light emitted by the UV lamp 1140 to a wavelength of 222 nm. In this manner, the UV light emitted from the germicidal head 1106 may be emitted at a wavelength of 222 nm.

Referring to Figures 24 and 25, the cover plate 1154 may be connected to the shroud 1112 by a perimeter 1157 (such as a 0.020 inch thick titanium perimeter). The perimeter 1157 may distribute impact loads through and/or around its interior.

In at least one embodiment, a ranging light emitting diode (LED) 1159 (an example of a ranging light source) is positioned proximate to the end of the UV lamp 1140. The ranging LED 1159 can be used, for example, to determine a desired distance to a structure to be sterilized. In at least one embodiment, the ranging LED 1159 may be located on or within the periphery 1157 and/or cover plate 1154.

FIG. 26 illustrates a perspective end view of a UV lamp 1140 secured to a mounting bracket or clamp 1160, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Each end of the UV lamp 1140 may be connected to a mounting bracket or clamp 1160 that secures the UV lamp 1140 to the shroud 1112 (shown in FIGS. 23-25). A cushioning material, such as a thin (e.g., 0.040 inch) sheet of silicone, may be placed between the end of the UV lamp 1140 and the bracket 1160. Optionally, the UV lamp 1140 may be secured to the shroud 1112 via a bracket or clamp of a different size and shape than that shown. As another example, the UV lamp 1140 may be secured to the shroud 1112 via adhesive, fasteners, or the like.

27 illustrates a perspective exploded view of a backpack assembly 1104 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The backpack assembly 1104 includes a front wall 1170 that connects to a rear shell 1172, a base 1174, and a top cap (top wall) 1176. An internal chamber 1178 is formed between the front wall 1170, the rear shell 1172, the base 1174, and the top wall 1176. The internal chamber 1178 houses one or more batteries 1180, such as rechargeable lithium batteries. The internal chamber 1178 also houses an air generation subsystem 1182. The air generation subsystem 1182 is in fluid communication with an air tube in the hose 1122 (e.g., shown in FIG. 14). The air generation subsystem 1182 may include an airflow device, such as a vacuum generator or a blower. The airflow device is configured to, for example, generate airflow for cooling the UV lamps, draw air from the sterilization head 1106 into the backpack assembly 1104, exhaust air through an exhaust tube, and extract or remove generated ozone from the shroud 1112.

One or more air filters 1183, such as carbon filters, are disposed within the backpack assembly 1104. The air filters 1183 are in communication with an air tube or similar air duct or line that delivers air into the backpack assembly 1104 via the hose 1122. The air filters 1183 are configured to filter air drawn into the backpack assembly 1104 from the shroud 1112. For example, the air filters 1183 are configured to remove, inert, or neutralize ozone.

A battery 1180 and/or power supply within the backpack assembly 1104 provides operating power for the UV lamps 1140 of the germicidal head 1106 (e.g., shown in FIG. 14 ). The top wall 1176 may be removably connected to the front wall 1170 and the rear shell 1172. The top wall 1176 may be removed, for example, to access the battery 1180 (e.g., to remove and/or recharge the battery). Additional space may be provided within the backpack assembly 1104 for storing supplies, additional batteries, additional components, etc. In at least one embodiment, the front wall 1170, rear shell 1172, base 1174, and top wall 1176 may be formed of fiberglass epoxy.

FIG. 28 shows a perspective front view of a harness 1105 connected to a backpack assembly 1104, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The harness 1105 may include shoulder straps 1190 and/or a waist or hip belt or strap 1192 for comfortable wearing of the backpack assembly 1104 by the worker.

Referring to FIGS. 12-28, during operation, a worker may wear the backpack assembly 1104 and walk through the area. Once the worker finds a structure to be sterilized, the worker grasps the handle 1108 and positions the sterilizing head 1106 as desired, for example, by extending and/or rotating the sterilizing head 1106 relative to the handle 1108. The worker then activates the UV lamp 1140, for example, by pressing an activation button on the handle 1108, to emit germicidal UV light toward the structure. When the UV lamp 1140 is activated, air 1150 is drawn into the shroud 1112 to cool the UV lamp 1140 and to divert generated ozone into the backpack assembly 1104. The diverted ozone is filtered by the air filter 1183.

The extendable wand assembly 1102 allows the sterilization head 1106 to reach remote areas, such as an entire set of three passenger seats, from any row in the interior cabin of a commercial aircraft.

Figure 29 illustrates the ultraviolet light spectrum. Referring to Figures 12-29, in at least one embodiment, the germicidal head 1106 is configured to emit germicidal UV light (by operating the UV lamp 1140) in the far-UV spectrum, such as between 200 nm and 230 nm. In at least one embodiment, the germicidal head 1106 emits germicidal UV light having a wavelength of 222 nm.

In at least one other embodiment, the germicidal head 1106 is configured to emit germicidal UV light in the UVC spectrum, such as between 230 nm and 280 nm. In at least one embodiment, the germicidal head 1106 emits germicidal UV light having a wavelength of 254 nm.

30 illustrates a perspective front view of an aircraft 1210 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The aircraft 1210 includes a propulsion system 1212 having, for example, engines 1214. Optionally, the propulsion system 1212 may include more engines 1214 than shown. The engines 1214 are mounted on wings 1216 of the aircraft 1210. In other embodiments, the engines 1214 may be mounted on the fuselage 1218 and/or the tail section 1220. The tail section 1220 may also support a horizontal stabilizer 1222 and a vertical stabilizer 1224.

The fuselage 1218 of the aircraft 1210 defines an interior cabin 1230, which may include a flight deck or cockpit, one or more work sections (e.g., a galley or carry-on baggage area), one or more passenger sections (e.g., a first class section, a business class section, and a coach section), one or more lavatories, etc. The interior cabin 1230 may include one or more lavatory systems, lavatory units, or lavatories as described herein.

Embodiments of the present disclosure are used to disinfect various components in the interior cabin 1230. In addition to aircraft, embodiments of the present disclosure may be used with various other vehicles, such as automobiles, buses, locomotives, trains, and ships. Additionally, embodiments of the present disclosure may be used in connection with fixed structures, such as commercial or residential buildings.

FIG. 31A illustrates a top view of an interior cabin 1230 of an aircraft, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The interior cabin 1230 may be located inside a fuselage 1232 of the aircraft, such as the fuselage 1218 illustrated in FIG. 30. For example, the interior cabin 1230 is defined by one or more fuselage walls. The interior cabin 1230 includes multiple sections, such as a forward section 1233, a first class section 1234, a business class section 1236, a forward galley station 1238, an extended economy or coach section 1240, a standard economy or coach section 1242, and an aft section 1244, which may include multiple restrooms and galley stations. Note that the interior cabin 1230 may include more or fewer sections than shown. For example, the interior cabin 1230 may not include a first class section and may include more or fewer galley stations than shown. Each of these sections is separated by a cabin partition area 1246, which may include a class divider assembly between aisles 1248.

As shown in FIG. 31A, the interior cabin 1230 includes two aisles 1250 and 1252 that connect to the aft section 1244. Optionally, the interior cabin 1230 may include fewer or more aisles than shown. For example, the interior cabin 1230 may include a single aisle that runs through the center of the interior cabin 1230 and connects to the aft section 1244.

The passageways 1248, 1250, and 1252 extend to an exit path or doorway 1260. Exit doors 1262 are located at both ends of the exit path 1260. The exit path 1260 may be perpendicular to the passageways 1248, 1250, and 1252. The interior cabin 1230 may include more exit paths 1260 in multiple locations different from those shown. The portable sterilization system 1100 described with reference to Figures 12-29 may be used to sterilize various structures within the interior cabin 1230, such as passenger seats, interior monuments, luggage rack assemblies, components in restrooms, and galley equipment and components.

Figure 31B shows a top view of an interior cabin 1280 of an aircraft, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The interior cabin 1280 is an example of the interior cabin 1230 shown in Figure 30. The interior cabin 1280 may be located inside the fuselage 1281 of the aircraft. For example, the interior cabin 1280 is defined by one or more fuselage walls. The interior cabin 1280 includes multiple sections, such as a main cabin 1282 having passenger seats 1283 and an aft section 1285 behind the main cabin 1282. Note that the interior cabin 1280 may include more or fewer sections than shown in the illustrated example.

The interior cabin 1280 may include a single passageway 1284 that connects to the aft section 1285. The single passageway 1284 may extend through the center of the interior cabin 1280 that connects to the aft section 1285. For example, the single passageway 1284 may be coaxially aligned with a central longitudinal plane of the interior cabin 1280.

The passageway 1284 extends to an exit path or doorway 1290. Exit doors 1292 are located at either end of the exit path 1290. The exit path 1290 may be perpendicular to the passageway 1284. The interior cabin 1280 may include more exit paths than shown. The portable sterilization system 1100 described with reference to Figures 12-29 may be used to sterilize various structures within the interior cabin 1230, such as passenger seats, interior furniture, luggage bin assemblies, components in the restrooms, and galley furniture and components.

FIG. 32 shows a perspective interior view of an interior cabin 1300 of an aircraft, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The interior cabin 1300 includes an exterior wall 1302 connected to a ceiling 1304. The exterior wall 1302 has a window 1306 formed therein. A floor 1308 supports a row of seats 1310. As shown in FIG. 32, the row 1312 may include two seats 1310 on each side of an aisle 1313. Note that the row 1312 may include more or fewer seats 1310 than shown in the illustrated example. Additionally, the interior cabin 1300 may include more aisles than shown in the illustrated example.

Passenger service units (PSUs) 1314 are fixed between the outer wall 1302 and the ceiling 1304 on either side of the aisle 1313. The PSUs 1314 are interspersed between the forward and aft ends of the interior cabin 1300. For example, one PSU 1314 may be provided above each seat 1310 in row 1312. Each PSU 1314 includes a housing 1316 above each seat 1310 (or group of seats) in row 1312, which generally includes air vents, reading lights, an oxygen bag drop panel, a crew call button, and other similar controls.

Overhead bin assemblies 1318 are secured to the ceiling 1304 and/or outer wall 1302 above and inside the PSU 1314 on either side of the aisle 1313. The overhead bin assemblies 1318 are secured above the seats 1310. The overhead bin assemblies 1318 extend between the forward and aft ends of the interior cabin 1300. Each bin assembly 1318 may include a pivoting container/box 1320 pivotally secured to a strongback (hidden from view in FIG. 32). The overhead bin assemblies 1318 may be located above and inside the underside of the PSU 1314. The overhead bin assemblies 1318 are configured to pivot open, for example, to accommodate passenger baggage and personal belongings.

As used herein, the term "outboard" refers to a position that is farther from the central longitudinal plane 1322 of the interior cabin 1300 than other components. Additionally, the term "inboard" refers to a position that is closer to the central longitudinal plane 1322 of the interior cabin 1300 than other components. For example, the underside of the PSU 1314 is positioned outward relative to the luggage rack assembly 1318.

The portable sterilization system 1100 described with reference to Figures 12-29 can be used to sterilize various structures within the interior cabin 1300.

When not in use, the portable sterilization system 1100 may be stored in a closet, galley cart bay, or galley cart, such as in the interior cabin of the vehicle.

FIG. 33 shows a perspective interior view of a restroom 1330 in an interior cabin of a vehicle, such as the interior cabins described herein. The restroom 1330 is an example of an enclosed space, interior fixture, or room, such as in an interior cabin of a vehicle. As described above, the restroom 1330 may be located in an aircraft. Optionally, the restroom 1330 may be located in various other vehicles. In other embodiments, the restroom 1330 may be located in a fixed structure, such as a commercial or residential building. The restroom 1330 includes a toilet 1332, a cabinet 1334, and a base floor 1331 supporting a sink 1336 or washbasin. The restroom 1330 may be configured differently from that shown. The restroom 1330 may include more or fewer components than shown. The portable sterilization system 1100 described with reference to FIGS. 12-29 may be used to sterilize various structures, components, and surfaces within the restroom 1330.

Figure 34 shows a flowchart of a portable sterilization method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The method includes emitting (1400) ultraviolet (UV) light having a wavelength between 200 nm and 230 nm onto a surface from a sterilization head including a UV lamp, and disinfecting (1402) the surface with said emitting (1400). In at least one embodiment, said emitting (1400) includes emitting UV light having a wavelength of 222 nm.

Optionally, the method may include emitting UV light having a wavelength between 230 nm and 280 nm. In at least one embodiment, the emitting includes emitting UV light having a wavelength of 254 nm.

With reference to Figures 12-34, the portable sterilization system 1100 can be used to safely and effectively sterilize high-touch surfaces on the flight deck and interior cabin in a timely and cost-effective manner. UV disinfection can quickly and effectively disinfect the interior cabin, such as between flights. In at least one embodiment, the portable sterilization system 1100 is used to supplement cleaning processes, such as after manual cleaning.

FIG. 35 shows a schematic block diagram of a UV light pacing system 1500, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The UV light pacing system 1500 includes a wand assembly 1102, which may be part of, for example, the UV germicidal system 1100 (shown in FIG. 12). The wand assembly 1102 includes a germicidal head as described herein. The germicidal head includes a UV lamp configured to emit germicidal UV light, such as having a wavelength between 200 nm and 230 nm, or between 230 nm and 280 nm. The wand assembly 1102 may include a handle, which allows the germicidal head to move relative to the handle. Optionally, the wand assembly 1102 may include a germicidal head and handle that are relatively fixed.

The UV light pacing system 1500 also includes a user device 1502. The user device 1502 is an example of the user device 154 shown in FIG. 1. In at least one embodiment, the user device 1502 is a mobile device such as a smartphone or a smart tablet. As another example, the user device 1502 may be a computer such as a desktop computer or a laptop computer.

The user device 1502 includes a user interface 1504, a display 1506, and a speaker 1508, such as a speaker formed on or connected to the user device 1502 or headphones connected to the user device 1502 via a wired or wireless connection. The user interface 1504 includes input devices such as a keyboard and a mouse. The display 1506 includes a monitor or screen. In at least one embodiment, the user interface 1504 and the display 1506 are integrated as a touchscreen interface.

The pacing control unit 1510 communicates with the user device 1502, such as via one or more wired or wireless connections. The pacing control unit 150 described with reference to FIG. 1 may include the pacing control unit 1510, or vice versa. The pacing control unit 1510 may communicate with the user device 1502 via Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and/or an internet connection. The pacing control unit 1510 may be located remotely from the user device 1502. In at least one other embodiment, the user device 1502 may include the pacing control unit 1510. For example, the pacing control unit 1510 may be contained within the housing of the user device 1502.

The pacing control unit 1510 also communicates with a pacing database 1512, which stores pacing data 1514, via one or more wired or wireless connections, etc. The pacing database 160 described with reference to FIG. 1 may include the pacing database 1512, or vice versa. The pacing control unit 1510 may communicate with the pacing database 1512 via Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and/or an Internet connection. The pacing control unit 1510 may be remote from the pacing database 1512. In at least one other embodiment, the pacing control unit 1510 may be co-located with the pacing database 1512. For example, the pacing control unit 1510 and the pacing database 1512 may be included in a common computer workstation. As another example, the pacing control unit 1510 and the pacing database 1512 may be included in the user device 1502.

The pacing database 1512 stores pacing data 1514 for one or more items to be sterilized. Pacing information for an item selected for sterilization is determined from the pacing data 1514. For example, the pacing data 1514 may include pacing information for many items to be sterilized. The pacing data 1514 may include the surface sterilization data 162 described with reference to FIG. 1, or vice versa. The items to be sterilized are selected via the user device 1502. For the selected items, the pacing control unit 1510 analyzes the pacing data 1514 to determine the pacing information for the items stored in the pacing data 1514.

Pacing data 1514 may include information related to ultraviolet (UV) disinfection information for various items (e.g., surfaces, components, etc.) and/or pathogens. For example, pacing data 1514 may include UV disinfection doses for specific items associated with specific pathogens to be neutralized.

In operation, the user communicates with the pacing control unit 1510 via the user device 1502. The user may select an item to be sterilized. The pacing control unit 1510 analyzes the item to be sterilized by consulting pacing data 1514 stored in the pacing database 1512. The pacing control unit 1510 then outputs a pacing signal 1516 to the user device 1502, the pacing signal including pacing information for sterilizing the item. At least a portion of the pacing information may be displayed on a display. The pacing information may include the distance to the surface of the item, the sterilization time, and the speed at which the wand assembly 1102 is swept or moved relative to the item. The pacing information may also include a pacing audio signal output via the speaker 1508. The pacing audio signal output by the speaker 1508 is an audio cue that allows the user to synchronize the pace at which the wand assembly 1102 is swept or moved. In this way, the pacing control unit 1510 allows the user to disinfect items effectively and efficiently.

As described herein, the UV light pacing system 1500 includes a wand assembly 1102 with a UV lamp configured to emit UV light. The user device 1502 is configured to allow a user to select an item to be sterilized with UV light. A pacing control unit 1510 communicates with the user device 1502. The pacing control unit 1510 is configured to output a pacing signal 1516 to the user device 1502. The pacing signal 1516 includes pacing information related to the operation of the wand assembly 1102 to sterilize the item. For example, the pacing information includes instructions (displayed on the display 1506) for operating the wand assembly 1102 to sterilize the item. As another example, the pacing information includes one or more audio cues (output from the speaker 1508) for pacing the movement of the wand assembly 1102 during the sterilization process of the item. In at least one embodiment, the pacing information includes instructions displayed on the display 1506 and audio cues output through the speaker 1508.

In at least one embodiment, pacing data 1514, including pacing information, is stored in a pacing database 1512. The pacing control unit 1510 is configured to analyze the stored pacing data 1514. Furthermore, the pacing data 1514 may be shared with others at any time. For example, the pacing data 1514 may be stored in association with completed maintenance records and history of UV exposure. Review of the pacing data 1514 may determine priority areas for disinfection. In at least one embodiment, the pacing data 1514 may be stored simultaneously with or after sensor data regarding robotic or human performance feedback. The sensor data may be basic and simple to reduce data storage requirements, or may be complex, such as video data illustrating the cleaning process. In this manner, the pacing data 1514 may provide feedback regarding surfaces cleaned, the effectiveness of the cleaning, and surfaces requiring cleaning.

FIG. 36 illustrates a front view of a user device 1502, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown, the user device 1502 is a portable smart device (e.g., a smartphone or smart tablet) that includes a touchscreen interface 1520 that integrates a user interface 1504 and a display 1506.

With reference to FIGS. 35 and 36, the pacing control unit 1510 displays a pacing menu screen 1522 on the user device 1502. The pacing menu screen 1522 allows the user to select a particular pacing mode. For example, the pacing menu screen 1522 may display a first training option 1524, such as for the cabin of a particular type of aircraft, and a disinfection pacing option 1526 for that cabin. The pacing menu screen 1522 may also display a second training option 1528, such as for a different area within the aircraft, and a disinfection pacing option 1530 for that area.

Pacing control unit 1510 provides training and disinfection pacing options to provide the user with audio cues indicating the appropriate time to apply disinfecting UV light emitted by wand assembly 1102 to an area within the aircraft. In this manner, the user can pace the movement of wand assembly 1102 during disinfection, such as by audio signals output from pacing control unit 1510 via speaker 1508, to ensure a precise disinfecting dose of UV light in mJ/ ^cm² .

The pacing information included in the pacing signal 1516 output by the pacing control unit 1510 to the user device (and displayed on the display 1506 and/or output via the speaker 1508) includes the distance of the wand assembly 1102 relative to the surface to be disinfected, the time of UV exposure to the surface, and the sweep speed of the wand assembly 1102 (e.g., the rate at which the wand assembly 1102 is swept back and forth across the surface). In at least one embodiment, the sweep speed is guided via an audio signal output via the speaker 1508 and/or a visual cue provided by a change in the ranging light 131 (shown in FIG. 1).

The training option may include an audio file on the speed at which to sweep or move the wand assembly 1102 and detailed instructions for effectively and efficiently sterilizing items. By listening to such an audio file, a user can learn the appropriate sweep speed of the wand assembly 1102 for a particular item. The disinfection pacing option may include an audio file on the speed at which to sweep or move the wand assembly 1102 without detailed instructions.

FIG. 37 shows a perspective view of the wand assembly 1102 relative to a control device 1531 in a flight deck 1532, in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure. The control device 1531 is an example of an item that may be disinfected with UV light. Other examples include seats, bin assemblies, walls, ceilings, galley carts, counters, cabinets, toilets, sinks, floors, etc. The wand assembly 1102 is positioned a specific distance from the control device 1531, as indicated in the pacing information, and is swept in various directions, such as the direction of arrow A, relative to the control device 1531.

With reference to FIGS. 35-37, a user selects an item to be sterilized via the user device 1502. The pacing control unit 1510 retrieves pacing data 1514 related to the selected item from the pacing database 1512. The pacing control unit 1510 then outputs a pacing signal 1516 containing pacing information about the item (e.g., control device 1531) to the user device 1502. The pacing information displayed on the display 1506 and/or output via the speaker 1508 assists the user in sweeping the wand assembly 1102 over the item to effectively and efficiently sterilize and disinfect the item.

FIG. 38 illustrates another embodiment of the portable sterilization system 2100 worn by an operator or user 2101. In the exemplary embodiment, the wand assembly 2102 does not include a handle connected to the sterilization head 2106. The wand assembly 2102 is an example of the wand assembly 102 shown in FIG. 1. The sterilization head 2106 has a handle 2164 that is an integral part of the housing 2111. For example, the handle 2164 may be secured to the back surface 2166 of the shroud 2112. Other components of the portable sterilization system 2100 illustrated in FIG. 38 may be the same or similar to those described above. For purposes of illustration, the cover plate and bumper have been omitted from FIG. 38.

The ranging light source 2130 is provided in the housing 2111 and is used by the user 2101 to maintain a desired distance from the target surface of the structure to be sterilized. The ranging light source 2130 is, for example, an example of the ranging light source 130 described with reference to FIG. 1. The ranging light source 2130 may be a light-emitting diode (LED). In an exemplary embodiment, the ranging light source 2130 is mounted on or near the exposed outer edge 2158 of the shroud 2112. For example, the ranging light source 2130 may contact the inner surface 2162 of the shroud 2112. Alternatively, the ranging light source 2130 may be mounted on another portion of the housing 2111, such as the periphery and/or cover plate.

The exposed outer edge 2158 of the shroud 2112 is rectangular, including two long segments 2168 and two short segments 2170. As the names imply, the long segments 2168 are longer than the short segments 2170. The long segments 2168 extend along either side of the UV lamp 2140, with the UV lamp 2140 positioned between the two long segments 2168. The long axis of the UV lamp 2140 is parallel to the long segments 2168. In the exemplary embodiment, a ranging light source 2130 is provided on both long segments 2168 of the exposed outer edge 2158, but not on the short segments 2170. A plurality of ranging light sources 2130 are provided on each long segment 2168, forming two parallel lines or rows 2174 (shown in FIG. 39 ) of ranging light sources 2130. In one or more other embodiments, the ranging light source 2130 may also be attached to the short side segment 2170, or may be attached to the corner between the long side segment 2168 and the short side segment 2170.

FIG. 39 shows a front perspective view of the shroud 2112 and ranging light source 2130 according to an embodiment. FIG. 40 shows a side perspective view of a portion of the shroud 2112 and ranging light source 2130 shown in FIG. 39. As shown in FIGS. 39 and 40, the shroud 2112 may be at least partially translucent so that light emitted from the ranging light source 2130 within the shroud 2112 is visible through the thickness of the shroud 2112.

Referring to FIG. 39, the ranging light sources 2130 are spaced apart along two parallel rows 2174. The ranging light sources 2130 may be light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Conductive wires and other hardware may be disposed along the inner surface 2162 of the shroud 2112, which may exit the port 2120 and pass through a hose 2122 (shown in FIG. 38) to connect to a power source, such as a battery, within the backpack assembly. The LEDs may be narrow-divergence LEDs with a divergence of less than 10 degrees. As shown in FIG. 40, each ranging light source 2130 emits a respective light or light beam forward of the shroud 2112 that illuminates a nearby structure 2180, forming a respective light marker 2176 (e.g., ranging light 131) on the target surface 2178 of the structure 2180. The light markers 2176 shown in FIG. 40 are generally circular or elliptical in shape.

Referring to FIG. 40, the ranging light sources 2130 are arranged in one or more pairs 2172. In the illustrated embodiment, multiple pairs 2172 are arranged, but in a basic embodiment, only one pair 2172 of ranging light sources 2130 may be used. The ranging light sources 2130 in each pair 2172 are oriented relative to one another to emit respective light beams that intersect at a predetermined distance in front of the UV lamp 2140 (shown in FIG. 38). For example, the two ranging light sources 2130 in each pair 2172 are arranged at an angle to one another so that the aiming axis 2181 of the first ranging light source 2130 and the aiming axis 2182 of the second ranging light source 2130 in that pair 2172 intersect at a predetermined distance. The light beams are emitted generally along the respective aiming axes 2182, 2182. The ranging light sources 2130 in pair 2172 may be oriented relative to one another at an angle 2184 (defined between axes 2181 and 2182) ranging between 10 and 80 degrees. Angle 2184 may be between 20 and 60 degrees. Angle 2184 is determined based on the intended germicidal application and known characteristics of the emitted UV light. More specifically, angle 2184 is determined to intersect at a specified distance in front of the UV lamp, which corresponds to the desired proximity of the UV lamp to the target surface for effective disinfection.

The two ranging light sources 2130 in each pair 2172 may emit light of different colors to visually distinguish the light emitted from each different light source 2130. For example, in FIG. 39, the color of the light marker 2176 emitted by the first ranging light source 2130A of the pair 2172 may be different from the color of the light marker 2176 emitted by the second ranging light source 2130B of the pair 2172. In one example, the first ranging light source 2130A may emit blue or green light, and the second ranging light source 2130B may emit amber, yellow, orange, or red light.

39 and 40 , the two ranging light sources 2130 in each pair 2172 are positioned adjacent to one another on a common segment 2168 of the shroud 2112. The two light sources 2130 in each pair 2172 may be separated by a discrete separation distance, such as 1 inch, 2 inches, 3 inches, 4 inches, etc. The separation distance also affects the relative angle 2184 at which the light sources 2130 are oriented to form a focused light beam at a specified distance in front of the UV lamp 2140. In the exemplary embodiment, the shroud 2112 includes three separate pairs 2172 of ranging light sources 2130 in each of the two long side segments 2168, for a total of 12 ranging light sources 2130. The number and placement of the ranging light sources 2130 may be based on the dimensions of the shroud 2112, and more or fewer light sources 2130 may be used in other embodiments. Optionally, the shroud 2112 may include contoured bulges 2188 along the outer surface 2190 of the shroud 2112 at the locations of the ranging light sources 2130. The bulges 2188 protrude outward to provide space for each ranging light source 2130 within the shroud 2112.

Figure 41 shows five images 2190-2194, each showing a light marker 2176 emitted by a pair 2172 of distance measuring light sources 2130 at different distances relative to a target surface 2178. Figure 41 illustrates how the relative positions of the light markers 2176 provide guidance to the user as to whether the sterilization head 2106 is positioned at a desired distance from the target surface 2178 for effective disinfection. For example, the first image 2190 shows the light marker 2176 at a distance of 1.0 inch from the surface 2178. The second image 2191 shows the light marker 2176 at a distance of 1.5 inches from the surface 2178. The third image 2192 shows the light marker 2176 at a distance of 1.75 inches from the surface 2178. The fourth image 2193 shows the light marker 2176 at a distance of 2.0 inches from the surface 2178, and the fifth image 2194 shows the light marker 2176 at a distance of 2.5 inches from the surface 2178. These distances refer to the distance between the UV lamp 2140 and the area of the target surface 2178 illuminated by the UV light emitted from the UV lamp 2140. The light marker 2176 includes a first light marker 2176A and a second light marker 2176B, each of different colors, emitted by different ranging light sources 2130 in a single pair 2172. For example, the first light marker 2176A may be amber and the second light marker 2176B may be blue.

In the illustrated embodiment, the two ranging light sources 2130 in pair 2172 are intentionally oriented so that the light beams emitted by the light sources intersect at a distance of 1.75 inches. This focal distance may be determined based on the characteristics and/or disinfecting properties of the UV light. For example, the focal distance may represent the distance at which the UV light will provide the desired disinfection to kill or neutralize pathogens. If the germicidal head 2106 is held too close to the target surface 2178, such as the 1.0 inch shown in image 2190, the first marker 2176A and the second marker 2176B will be nearly independent with little or no overlap. This lack of overlap is visible to the user and indicates that the germicidal head is not positioned correctly. The user moves the markers 2176A, 2176B together by moving the germicidal head 2106 closer to or farther from the surface 2178. In this case, as shown in image 2191, by moving the sterilization head 2106 1.5 inches away, the markers 2176A, 2176B partially intersect, forming an overlap region 2196. The overlap region 2196 is the area that is simultaneously illuminated by both ranging light sources 2130 in pair 2172. The color of the overlap region 2196 may be a different color than the individual markers 2176A, 2176B, such as a lighter or whiter color. As the sterilization head 2106 is moved further away from the surface 2178, the size of the overlap region 2196 increases until the distance is 1.75 inches, as shown in image 2192. In image 2192, the two markers 2176A, 2176B almost completely overlap, essentially becoming one light marker instead of two. This large overlap area 2196 (e.g., a single marker) indicates to the user that the disinfection head 2106 is positioned at the desired height or distance from the target surface 2178 for effective disinfection.

As the sterilization head 2106 is moved further away from the target surface 2178, the individual amber and blue light markers 2176A, 2176B become visible and move away from each other, reducing the overlap area 2196, as shown in images 2193 and 2194. While the visual cues shown in images 2190 and 2194 are similar, by moving the sterilization head 2106 closer to or farther from the surface 2178 and observing whether the individual markers 2176A, 2176B move closer or further away from each other, the user can quickly determine whether to move the sterilization head 2106 closer to or farther from the target surface 2178 to achieve the desired placement. If the markers 2176A, 2176B diverge further, this indicates that the sterilization head 2106 should be moved in the opposite direction.

FIG. 42 is an end view of the sterilization head 2106, showing the light markers 2176 on the target surface 2178 to be sterilized. FIG. 43 shows a side perspective view of the sterilization head 2106 used to sterilize and disinfect an instrument panel 2201. The light markers 2176 illuminate the target surface 2178 in two parallel rows 2202, 2203. The two rows 2202, 2203 provide a visual indication to the user of the area to be disinfected. For example, the intervening area 2204 between the two rows 2202, 2203 is illuminated with UV light from the UV lamp 2140. By outlining or surrounding the UV-irradiated area 2204 with the distance-measuring light source 2130, in addition to providing distance guidance in the depth dimension, the user can determine at any time which portion of the target surface 2178 is receiving UV irradiation (e.g., being disinfected). The user may not be able to see the UV light itself.

Figure 44 illustrates several relative angles between two ranging light sources 2130 in a pair 2172, according to one embodiment. The LEDs used for the ranging light sources 2130 may have a narrow divergence of 8-10 degrees. The relative angles 2184A, 2184B in the housing 2111 are predetermined based on the type of UV lamp 2140 used and the intended use of the disinfection system. For example, when disinfecting a flat surface, such as the cabin area within a vehicle, the desired distance between a UV lamp 140 having a wavelength of 222 nm and the target area may be 1-3 inches, including the endpoints. In one embodiment, the desired distance may be approximately 2 inches. The ranging light sources 2130 in the pair 2172 may be set at an angle of approximately 53 degrees from each other, based on a predetermined separation distance between them. At this angle, the light beams emitted from the two light sources 2130 intersect at a distance corresponding to the desired distance, such as 2 inches, in front of the disinfection head 2106. Thus, when the markers meet in the overlap region as shown in image 2192 of Figure 41, this indicates to the user that the sterilization head 2106 is at an appropriate distance 2205 from the target surface for the intended use.

For example, when disinfecting a surface with protrusions, such as an aircraft flight deck, the desired distance between the UV lamp 2140 having a wavelength of 222 nm and the target surface may be 3 to 6 inches, including the endpoints. The desired distance 2206 may be approximately 4 inches (e.g., within 5%, 10%, or 15% of 4.0 inches). At the same predetermined separation distance, the ranging light sources 2130 in pair 2172 may be set at an angle of approximately 28 degrees from each other. At this angle, the light beams emitted from the two light sources 2130 intersect at a distance corresponding to the desired distance, such as 4 inches, in front of the germicidal head 2106. Thus, when the markers intersect in the overlap region as shown in image 2192 in FIG. 41, this indicates to the user that the germicidal head 2106 is at an appropriate distance 2206 from the target surface for the intended use.

45 illustrates three ranging light sources 2130 according to an alternative embodiment. The disinfection head 2106 may include at least one pair of ranging light sources 2130 arranged in a first subset 2207 and at least one pair of ranging light sources 2130 arranged in a second subset 2208. Each of the subsets 2207 and 2208 may include one or more pairs of ranging light sources 2130. The pairs in the first subset 2207 are oriented at a different relative angle than the pairs in the second subset 2208. For example, the pairs in the first subset 2207 have a first relative angle 2184A of approximately 53 degrees, and the pairs in the second subset 2207 have a second relative angle 2184B of approximately 28 degrees. Ranging light sources 2130 may be selectively controlled via a user or an automatic control system to operate first subset 2207 without second subset 2208 for a first application and to operate second subset 2208 without first subset 2207 for a second application. The first application may be cleaning a cabin area within a vehicle and the second application may be cleaning a flight deck of an aircraft.

Optionally, at least one ranging light source 2130 may form part of two different pairs. For example, the illustrated embodiment shows a first ranging light source 2130A, a second ranging light source 2130B, and a third ranging light source 2130C. The second and third ranging light sources 2130B, 2130C may emit light of the same color, such as blue light. The first ranging light source 2130A forms a pair in a first subset 2207 with the second ranging light source 2130B. The first ranging light source 2130A also forms a pair in a second subset 2208 with the third ranging light source 2130C. The third ranging light source 2130C represents one of an alternate set of LEDs along one side of the housing 2111. The second and third distance measuring light sources 2130B, 2130C are located on the same side of the housing 2111 but at different angles, allowing the user to switch between optimal disinfection distances based on the application. A switch can also be installed to change the focus from 2 inches to 4 inches (switch from blue LED1 to blue LED2) depending on the desired distance, without changing the red LED 2130A.

As described herein, embodiments of the present disclosure provide systems and methods for efficiently sterilizing surfaces, such as in the interior cabin of a vehicle. Furthermore, embodiments of the present disclosure provide portable, compact, easy-to-use, stable, reliable, and safe systems and methods for using UV light to sterilize surfaces in the interior cabin.

Furthermore, the present disclosure includes embodiments with the following notes:

Appendix 1.
an assembly (e.g., a wand assembly) including an ultraviolet (UV) lamp configured to emit UV light to disinfect the component;
one or more ranging light sources configured to emit ranging light;
A UV light pacing system, wherein at least one aspect of the ranging light is modified to provide visual cues to guide movement of the assembly and to disinfect the components.

Appendix 2.
2. The UV light pacing system of claim 1, wherein the one or more ranging light sources are fixed to the assembly.

Appendix 3.
3. The UV light pacing system of claim 1, wherein the at least one aspect includes one or more of an emission time of the ranging light, an emission frequency of the ranging light, a color of the ranging light, or an intensity of the ranging light.

Appendix 4.
4. The UV light pacing system of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the UV lamp is configured to emit UV light having a wavelength between 200 nm and 230 nm.

Appendix 5.
5. The UV light pacing system of claim 1, wherein the UV lamp is configured to emit UV light having a wavelength of 222 nm.

Appendix 6.
4. The UV light pacing system of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the UV lamp is configured to emit UV light having a wavelength between 230 nm and 280 nm.

Appendix 7.
7. The UV light pacing system of any one of claims 1 to 3 and 6, wherein the UV lamp is configured to emit UV light having a wavelength of 254 nm.

Appendix 8.
8. The UV light pacing system of any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising a pacing control unit in communication with the one or more ranging light sources, the pacing control unit configured to operate the one or more ranging light sources to modify the at least one aspect of the ranging light.

Appendix 9.
9. The UV light pacing system of claim 8, wherein the assembly includes the pacing control unit.

Appendix 10.
10. The UV light pacing system of claim 8 or 9, further comprising a pacing database in communication with the pacing control unit, the pacing database storing surface disinfection data for one or more surfaces of one or more components.

Appendix 11.
11. The UV light pacing system of claim 10, wherein the pacing control unit displays surface disinfection information regarding the surface disinfection data of the component on a display of a user device.

Appendix 12.
12. The UV light pacing system of claim 10 or 11, wherein the pacing database further stores map data for at least one map of an environment, wherein in the at least one map, at least a portion of the environment is divided into a plurality of zones, each of the plurality of zones being associated with respective surface disinfection data.

Appendix 13.
13. The UV light pacing system of any of claims 1-12, further comprising a user device having a display and a selector.

Appendix 14.
14. The UV light pacing system of claim 13, wherein the selector is configured to allow selection of a time for at least a portion of the visual cue.

Appendix 15.
15. The UV light pacing system of claim 13 or 14, wherein the assembly includes the user device.

Appendix 16.
16. The UV light pacing system of any of claims 1-15, further comprising a navigation subsystem configured to track a position of the assembly within an environment.

Appendix 17.
17. The UV light pacing system of claim 16, further comprising a pacing control unit in communication with the assembly and the navigation subsystem, the pacing control unit automatically determining surface disinfection data for the component based on the position of the assembly relative to the component in the environment.

Appendix 18.
18. The UV light pacing system of any of claims 1 to 17, further comprising an augmented reality subsystem in communication with the assembly and a pacing control unit, wherein the pacing control unit automatically displays, on a portion of the augmented reality subsystem, one or both of surface disinfection data regarding the components or one or more visual instructions for moving the assembly to disinfect various surfaces as an operator moves through an environment.

Appendix 19.
19. The UV light pacing system of any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the assembly further includes a cover over the UV lamp, the cover being one of a wire mesh screen or a stamped or laser cut metal sheet having openings.

Appendix 20.
emitting ultraviolet (UV) light from one or more ranging light sources of an assembly having a UV lamp configured to emit UV light to disinfect the component;
and modifying at least one aspect of the ranging light to provide a visual cue to guide movement of the assembly and disinfect the component.

Appendix 21.
communicatively connecting a pacing control unit to the one or more ranging light sources;
21. The UV light pacing method of claim 20, further comprising operating the one or more ranging light sources with the pacing control unit to modify the at least one aspect of the ranging light.

Appendix 22.
communicatively connecting a pacing database to the pacing control unit;
22. The UV light pacing method of claim 21, further comprising storing surface disinfection data for one or more surfaces of one or more components in the pacing database.

Appendix 23.
23. The UV light pacing method of claim 22, further comprising displaying, by the pacing control unit, surface disinfection information regarding the surface disinfection data of the component on a display of a user device.

Appendix 24.
24. The UV light pacing method of claim 22 or 23, further comprising storing in the pacing database map data relating to at least one map of an environment, wherein in the at least one map, at least a portion of the environment is divided into a plurality of zones, each of the plurality of zones being associated with respective surface disinfection data.

Appendix 25.
25. The UV light pacing method of any of claims 20-24, further comprising selecting a time for at least a portion of the visual cues via a selector in a user interface.

Appendix 26.
tracking a position of the assembly within an environment using a navigation subsystem;
26. The UV light pacing method of any of claims 20-25, further comprising: determining, by a pacing control unit in communication with the assembly and the navigation subsystem, surface sterilization data for the component based on the position of the assembly relative to the component in the environment.

Appendix 27.
communicatively connecting an augmented reality subsystem to the assembly and the pacing control unit;
27. The UV light pacing method of any of claims 20-26, further comprising displaying, by the pacing control unit, on a portion of the augmented reality subsystem, one or both of surface disinfection data regarding the surfaces of the components or one or more visual instructions for moving the assembly to disinfect various surfaces as an operator moves through an environment.

Appendix 28.
28. The UV light pacing method of any of claims 20-27, further comprising covering the UV lamps of the assembly with either a wire mesh screen or a stamped or laser cut metal sheet with openings.

Appendix 29.
an assembly including an ultraviolet (UV) lamp configured to emit UV light to disinfect the component;
a cover over the UV lamp, the cover being one of a wire mesh screen or a stamped or laser cut metal sheet having openings.

While various spatial and directional terms such as top, bottom, bottom, center, side, horizontal, vertical, and front have been used to describe embodiments of the present disclosure, these terms are used only in relation to the orientations shown in the drawings. These orientations may be reversed, rotated, or otherwise altered, such that an upper portion may become a lower portion, and vice versa, and a horizontal orientation may become a vertical orientation.

In this disclosure, a structure, element, or element that is described as "configured" to perform a process or operation is one that is structurally formed, configured, or adapted in a manner suitable for that process or operation. For clarity and the avoidance of doubt, something that merely can be modified to perform that process or operation is not "configured" to perform that process or operation.

The foregoing description is illustrative and should not be construed as limiting. For example, the above-described embodiments (and/or aspects thereof) can be used in combination with each other. Furthermore, many modifications can be made to adapt these teachings to a particular situation or material without departing from the scope of the various embodiments of the present disclosure. While the dimensions and types of materials described herein are intended to define parameters for the various embodiments of the present disclosure, these embodiments are intended to be exemplary rather than limiting. Many other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon review of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the scope of the various embodiments of the present disclosure should be determined with reference to the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. As used in the appended claims and the detailed description herein, the terms "including" and "in which" are used as the plain English equivalents of "comprising" and "wherein," respectively. Furthermore, terms such as "first," "second," and "third" are used merely as labels and are not intended to impose numerical requirements on the objects they refer to. Furthermore, the limitations in the following claims are not stated in means-plus-function form and are not intended to be interpreted under 35 U.S.C. § 112(f), except where these claim limitations explicitly state "means for" and are followed by a function and no further structure is defined.

This written description uses examples to disclose various embodiments, including the best mode, and also enables those skilled in the art to practice various embodiments of the present disclosure, including making and using any device or system, and performing the incorporated methods. The patentable scope of various embodiments of the present disclosure is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent elements that do not differ substantially from the literal language of the claims.

Claims (10)

an assembly including an ultraviolet (UV) lamp configured to emit UV light to disinfect the component;
one or more distance measurement light sources configured to emit distance measurement light to measure a distance from the component to the assembly ;
A UV light pacing system, wherein at least one aspect of the ranging light is modified to be different from an aspect of the ranging light used to measure the distance in order to provide a visual cue to guide the speed of movement of the assembly and disinfect the component. The UV light pacing system of claim 1, wherein the one or more ranging light sources are fixed to the assembly. The UV optical pacing system of claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least one aspect includes one or more of the emission time of the ranging light, the emission frequency of the ranging light, the color of the ranging light, or the intensity of the ranging light. A UV light pacing system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the UV lamp is configured to emit UV light having a wavelength between 200 nm and 230 nm. A UV light pacing system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the UV lamp is configured to emit UV light having a wavelength of 222 nm. A UV light pacing system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the UV lamp is configured to emit UV light having a wavelength between 230 nm and 280 nm. A UV light pacing system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the UV lamp is configured to emit UV light having a wavelength of 254 nm. The UV light pacing system of any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising a pacing control unit in communication with the one or more ranging light sources, the pacing control unit configured to operate the one or more ranging light sources to change at least one aspect of the ranging light. The UV light pacing system of claim 8, wherein the assembly includes the pacing control unit. 10. The UV light pacing system of claim 8 or 9, further comprising a pacing database in communication with the pacing control unit, the pacing database storing surface disinfection data for one or more surfaces of one or more components.