JP7730760B2 - Dispersion composition, dispersant, anisotropic film and its manufacturing method, and anisotropic film forming device - Google Patents

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2019-149938, filed on August 19, 2019, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

The present disclosure relates to a dispersion composition, a dispersant, an anisotropic film and a method for producing the same, and an anisotropic film forming apparatus.

Nano-sized materials such as nanocarbons and metal nanoparticles have excellent electrical, mechanical, and thermal stability properties, and their application and practical use in various fields as nanomaterials is being considered. These particles are generally dispersed in a dispersion medium to utilize their functions. To fully utilize the properties of the particles, it is desirable to disperse the particles uniformly in the dispersion medium. Therefore, various dispersion compositions have been proposed that contain dispersants along with the particles to suppress particle aggregation and increase particle dispersibility (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).

Patent Document 1 discloses a dispersion composition that uses a polyalkylene oxide with an aryl group introduced into the side chain as a dispersant for dispersing nanocarbons, metal nanoparticles, inorganic fibers, and organic fibers. Furthermore, Patent Document 2 discloses a dispersion composition that uses a polyamic acid with a benzoxazole skeleton as a dispersant for dispersing carbon nanotubes.

International Publication No. 2016/039218 JP 2013-154337 A

If dispersed substances such as nanocarbons and metal nanoparticles exhibit good dispersibility in both aqueous and organic solvents, it will be possible to further expand the uses of the dispersed substances and further enhance their functionality.

A dispersion composition in which a dispersed substance is dispersed in a dispersion medium is applied to a substrate, and then the dispersion medium is removed from the coating solution, allowing films, wiring, etc. containing the dispersed substance to be formed on the substrate. Devices equipped with films, wiring, etc. containing the dispersed substance are used in a variety of applications, including electronic devices and display devices. If the external force resistance of a component formed from the dispersed substance is low, this may lead to a decrease in the performance of the device. Therefore, such components are required to have high external force resistance.

The present disclosure has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned problems, and one of its objectives is to provide a dispersion composition that exhibits good dispersibility of the dispersed substance regardless of whether an aqueous or organic solvent-based dispersion medium is used, and that can form a component with good resistance to external forces, as well as a dispersant for obtaining the dispersion composition.

The inventors conducted extensive research to solve the above-mentioned problems and discovered that the problems can be solved by using polyamic acids, polyamic acid esters, and polyimides obtained by combining diamines with ionic functional groups with diamines without ionic functional groups as polymer dispersants. Specifically, the present disclosure provides the following means:

<1> A dispersion composition comprising a substance to be dispersed, a dispersion medium, and a polymer [P] which is at least one selected from the group consisting of polyamic acid, polyamic acid ester, and polyimide, and which has a structural unit U1 derived from a diamine compound [D1] represented by the following formula (1) and a structural unit U2 derived from a diamine compound [D2] different from the diamine compound [D1]:
(In formula (1), n is 0 or 1. When n is 0, at least one of R ¹ to R ⁴ is a monovalent group having an ionic functional group, and the remaining groups are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a monovalent organic group. When n is 1, at least one of R ¹ to R ⁸ is a monovalent group having an ionic functional group, and the remaining groups are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a monovalent organic group.)
<2> A dispersant containing the polymer [P].

<3> A method for producing an anisotropic film, comprising: a step of holding a dispersion composition containing a substance to be dispersed, a dispersion medium, and a compound exhibiting lyotropic liquid crystallinity on a surface of a support while applying shear stress; and a step of transferring the dispersion composition held on the surface of the support onto a substrate.
<4> An anisotropic film obtained by the production method of <3> above.
<5> An anisotropic film forming apparatus comprising: a holding unit that holds a dispersion composition containing a substance to be dispersed, a dispersion medium, and a compound exhibiting lyotropic liquid crystallinity on a surface of a holder while applying shear stress; and a transfer unit that transfers the dispersion composition held on the surface of the holder onto a substrate.

According to the present disclosure, a dispersion composition with good dispersibility of the dispersed substance can be obtained regardless of whether an aqueous or organic solvent is used as the dispersion medium. Furthermore, by using this dispersion composition, a component with good resistance to external forces can be formed.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a printing-type shear coating device. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a dispenser type shear coating device.

First Embodiment
The dispersion composition of the present disclosure contains (A) a substance to be dispersed, (B) a dispersion medium, and (C) a dispersant. Below, each component contained in the dispersion composition of the present disclosure and other components that may be optionally blended as needed will be described.

In this specification, the term "hydrocarbon group" includes chain hydrocarbon groups, alicyclic hydrocarbon groups, and aromatic hydrocarbon groups. A "chain hydrocarbon group" refers to a linear hydrocarbon group or a branched hydrocarbon group that does not contain a cyclic structure in the main chain and is composed solely of a chain structure. However, it may be saturated or unsaturated. An "alicyclic hydrocarbon group" refers to a hydrocarbon group that contains only an alicyclic hydrocarbon structure as a ring structure and does not contain an aromatic ring structure. However, it does not necessarily have to be composed solely of an alicyclic hydrocarbon structure, and it may also contain a chain structure as part of it. An "aromatic hydrocarbon group" refers to a hydrocarbon group that contains an aromatic ring structure as a ring structure. However, it does not necessarily have to be composed solely of an aromatic ring structure, and it may contain a chain structure or an alicyclic hydrocarbon structure as part of it. An "organic group" refers to a group that contains a hydrocarbon group, and may contain heteroatoms within the structure.

<(A) Dispersed element>
The dispersed substance is not particularly limited, but at least one selected from the group consisting of inorganic particles and organic particles can be used. The shape of the dispersed substance is also not particularly limited, and examples include spherical, rod-like, fibrous, flat, and disc-like shapes. The primary particle diameter of the dispersed substance is preferably 10 μm or less, more preferably 1 μm or less, and even more preferably 200 nm or less. The primary particle diameter of the dispersed substance is preferably 1 nm or more, more preferably 2 nm or more, and even more preferably 5 nm or more. The "primary particle diameter of the dispersed substance" referred to here is a value determined by measuring the d50 value using a laser diffraction/scattering method.

Inorganic particles contained in the dispersion composition of the present disclosure include, for example, carbon, metal particles, semi-metal particles, silica, inorganic salts, quantum dots, etc. Specific examples of these include carbon such as carbon black, carbon fiber, carbon nanotubes, graphite, fullerenes, and carbon nanohorns; metal particles such as elemental metals, metal oxides, metal carbides, and metal nitrides; semi-metal particles such as semi-metal oxides, semi-metal carbides, and semi-metal nitrides; silica such as wet silica (hydrated silicic acid), dry silica (anhydrous silicic acid), colloidal silica, precipitated silica, calcium silicate, aluminum silicate, and surface-modified silica; inorganic salts such as sulfates (calcium sulfate, barium sulfate, etc.), carbonates (calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, barium carbonate, etc.), and phosphates (calcium phosphate, etc.); and quantum dots such as perovskite quantum dots, carbon-based quantum dots, and lead sulfide quantum dots.

Carbon fibers include carbon nanofibers. Carbon nanotubes include single-walled carbon nanotubes, double-walled carbon nanotubes, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes may be composed of only carbon, or may have a portion of their structure substituted or chemically modified with other elements, or may be composites with metals (e.g., gold, silver, copper, aluminum, nickel, cobalt, titanium, platinum, etc.).

More specifically, metal particles include particles containing metal elements such as gold, silver, copper, zinc, aluminum, tin, nickel, palladium, platinum, cobalt, iron, manganese, chromium, molybdenum, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, yttrium, and cerium. Specific examples of these include metals consisting of the metal elements; metal oxides such as copper oxide, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, iron oxide, titanium oxide, barium titanate, bismuth oxide, cerium oxide, chromium oxide, cobalt oxide, indium oxide, indium tin oxide, zirconium oxide, yttrium oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide-gallium oxide-zinc oxide, indium oxide-zinc oxide, and indium tin oxide; metal carbides such as titanium carbide; metal nitrides such as titanium nitride, titanium oxynitride (titanium black), and aluminum nitride. Metal particles can be used singly or in combination of two or more.

Semi-metallic particles include particles containing semi-metallic elements such as boron and silicon. Specific examples of these include simple metalloids consisting of the metalloid elements; metal oxides such as silicon dioxide; metal carbides such as boron carbide and silicon carbide; and metal nitrides such as boron nitride and silicon nitride. Semi-metallic particles can be used alone or in combination of two or more types. In one embodiment of the dispersion composition of the present disclosure, at least one type selected from the group consisting of metal particles and semi-metallic particles can be preferably used as the dispersed substance.

Examples of organic particles include organic pigments, dichroic dyes, dye aggregates, proteins, nucleic acids, and viruses. Specific examples of these include organic pigments such as anthraquinone pigments, monoazo pigments, diazo pigments, benzimidazolone pigments, quinacridone pigments, quinophthalone pigments, dioxazine pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, flavanthrone pigments, indanthrone pigments, indolinone pigments, thioindigo pigments, metal complex pigments, perinone pigments, and perylene pigments; dichroic dyes such as disazo compounds, trisazo compounds, tetrakisazo compounds, anthraquinone compounds, and dioxazine compounds; and dye aggregates such as J-aggregates of porphyrin dyes, cyanine dyes, pyrrolopyrrole dyes, acene dyes, and squarylium dyes; and H-aggregates of oxazole yellow dyes, thiazole orange dyes, cyanine dyes, and azo dyes.

Of the above, inorganic particles can be preferably used as the dispersed material, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and metal particles can be particularly preferably used.
Furthermore, the dispersed substance can preferably be at least one selected from the group consisting of rod-shaped nanostructures and rod-shaped molecules. Examples of rod-shaped molecules include dichroic dyes, and examples of rod-shaped nanostructures include dye aggregates, quantum rods, metal nanorods, carbon nanotubes, proteins, nucleic acids, viruses, etc. When the dispersed substance is at least one selected from the group consisting of rod-shaped nanostructures and rod-shaped molecules, inorganic particles can preferably be used as the dispersed substance, and carbon nanotubes and metal nanorods can be particularly preferably used.

The content of the dispersed substance in the dispersion composition can be set appropriately depending on the type of dispersed substance. The content of the dispersed substance is preferably 0.01% by mass or more, more preferably 0.02% by mass or more, and even more preferably 0.03% by mass or more, relative to the total amount of the dispersion composition. The content of the dispersed substance is preferably 50% by mass or less, more preferably 40% by mass or less, and even more preferably 30% by mass or less, relative to the total amount of the dispersion composition. The dispersed substance may be one of the above substances alone or two or more of them may be used in combination.

Specifically, when the dispersed substance is a metal particle or a semi-metal particle, the content of the dispersed substance in the dispersion composition is preferably 0.05% by mass or more, more preferably 0.1% by mass or more, and even more preferably 0.5% by mass or more, relative to the total amount of the dispersion composition, and is preferably 50% by mass or less, more preferably 40% by mass or less, and even more preferably 30% by mass or less, relative to the total amount of the dispersion composition.
When the dispersed substance is carbon nanotubes, the content of the dispersed substance in the dispersion composition is preferably 0.01% by mass or more, more preferably 0.02% by mass or more, and even more preferably 0.03% by mass or more, relative to the total amount of the dispersion composition, and is preferably 30% by mass or less, more preferably 25% by mass or less, and even more preferably 20% by mass or less, relative to the total amount of the dispersion composition.

<(B) Dispersion medium>
The dispersion composition of the present disclosure is a composition in which (A) a substance to be dispersed is dispersed in (B) a dispersion medium. The dispersion medium is liquid, and examples thereof include water, an organic solvent, and a mixed solvent of water and an organic solvent. The organic solvent used as (B) the dispersion medium is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include alcohol-based solvents, ketone-based solvents, ether-based solvents, ester-based solvents, aprotic polar solvents, halogenated hydrocarbon-based solvents, and hydrocarbon-based solvents.

Specific examples of these include alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, i-propanol, n-butanol, i-butanol, t-butanol, 1-pentanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 1-hexanol, 2-hexanol, heptanol, cyclohexanol, methylcyclohexanol, diacetone alcohol, propane-1,2-diol, and ethylene glycol;
Examples of ketone solvents include cyclobutanone, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, cycloheptanone, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl n-propyl ketone, methyl n-butyl ketone, diethyl ketone, di-n-butyl ketone, methyl i-butyl ketone, methyl n-pentyl ketone, ethyl n-butyl ketone, methyl n-hexyl ketone, diisobutyl ketone, and trimethylnonanone;
Examples of ether solvents include partial ethers of polyhydric alcohols such as propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME), diethylene glycol diethyl ether (DEDG), diethylene glycol ethyl methyl ether, 3-methoxy-1-butanol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol-n-propyl ether, ethylene glycol-i-propyl ether, ethylene glycol-n-butyl ether (butyl cellosolve), 1-butoxy-2-propanol, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol ethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether; partial esters of polyhydric alcohols such as diethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA), and propylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate; and cyclic ethers such as tetrahydrofuran;
Examples of ester solvents include methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, i-butyl acetate, sec-butyl acetate, t-butyl acetate, 3-methoxybutyl acetate, methyl acetoacetate, ethyl acetoacetate, ethyl propionate, butyl propionate, methyl lactate, ethyl lactate, butyl lactate, ethylene carbonate, and propylene carbonate;
Examples of aprotic polar solvents include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, 1,3-dimethyl-1-imidazolidinone, γ-butyrolactone, γ-butyrolactam, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, 3-methoxy-N,N-dimethylpropanamide, 3-butoxy-N,N-dimethylpropanamide, N,N,2-trimethylpropanamide, acetonitrile, and dimethyl sulfoxide;
Halogenated hydrocarbon solvents include, for example, dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,4-dichlorobutane, and trichloroethane;
Examples of hydrocarbon solvents include hexane, heptane, octane, benzene, toluene, xylene, etc. These organic solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

The (B) dispersion medium may be either an organic solvent or an aqueous solution. Aqueous solutions are preferred because of their low environmental impact. When an aqueous dispersion medium is used, the proportion of water used is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 75% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 90% by mass or more, of the total amount of the (B) dispersion medium contained in the dispersion composition.

When a mixed solvent of water and an organic solvent is used as the dispersion medium, the organic solvent used is not particularly limited as long as it is an organic solvent that is soluble in water, but is preferably an organic solvent with a boiling point lower than that of water, and more preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, i-propanol, acetone, and tetrahydrofuran. (B) When the dispersion medium is a mixed solvent of water and an organic solvent, the content of the organic solvent in the dispersion composition is preferably 50% by mass or less, more preferably 25% by mass or less, and even more preferably 10% by mass or less, based on the total amount of the mixed solvent of water and an organic solvent.

<(C) Dispersant>
[Polymer [P]]
The dispersion composition of the present disclosure contains a polymer [P] as a dispersant. The polymer [P] is at least one selected from the group consisting of polyamic acid, polyamic acid ester, and polyimide, and is a polymer having a structural unit U1 derived from a diamine compound [D1] represented by the following formula (1) and a structural unit U2 derived from a diamine compound [D2] different from the diamine compound [D1]:
(In formula (1), n is 0 or 1. When n is 0, at least one of R ¹ to R ⁴ is a monovalent group having an ionic functional group, and the remaining groups are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a monovalent organic group. When n is 1, at least one of R ¹ to R ⁸ is a monovalent group having an ionic functional group, and the remaining groups are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a monovalent organic group.)

(Structural unit U1)
The structural unit U1 is a structural unit obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from each of two primary amino groups in the diamine compound [D1]. Regarding R ¹ to R ⁸ in the above formula (1), the monovalent group having an ionic functional group can be represented by "*-L ¹ -X ¹ " (where L ¹ is a single bond or a divalent linking group, and X ¹ is an ionic functional group. "*" represents a bond bonded to a benzene ring). When L ¹ is a divalent linking group, specific examples of L ¹ include an alkanediyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a group containing -O- between the carbon-carbon bonds of the alkanediyl group, and -O-R ¹³ -** (where R ¹³ is a divalent hydrocarbon group, and "**" represents a bond bonded to X ¹ ). R ¹³ is preferably an alkanediyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

The ionic functional group is a functional group that forms a cation or anion in water. The ionic functional group is not particularly limited, but is preferably a sulfonic acid group, a phosphonic acid group, a carboxylic acid group, an ammonium group, a pyridinium group, an imidazolium group, a guanidinium group, or a salt thereof, as this can increase the solubility of the polymer [P] in solvents including water. The ionic functional group may be either an acidic functional group or a basic functional group, but is preferably an acidic functional group. Among these, the ionic functional group is preferably a sulfonic acid group, a phosphonic acid group, a carboxylic acid group, or a salt thereof, with a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof being particularly preferred.

When the ionic functional group is a salt of an acidic functional group or a basic functional group, examples of the counter ion of the acidic functional group (sulfonic acid group, phosphonic acid group, carboxylic acid group, etc.) include Li ⁺ , Na ⁺ , K ⁺ , Cs ⁺ , Mg ²⁺ , Ca ²⁺ , Sr ²⁺ , Ba ²⁺ , Zn ²⁺ , Pb ²⁺ , Al ³⁺ , La ³⁺ , Ce ³⁺ , Y ³⁺ , Yb ³⁺ , Gd ³⁺ , NH _4-t Q _t ⁺ (wherein Q represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and t represents an integer of 0 to 4. When t is 2 to 4, multiple Qs are the same or different groups. The same applies hereinafter.) Furthermore, examples of counter ions of basic functional groups (ammonium group, pyridinium group, imidazolium group, guanidinium group, etc.) include Cl ⁻ , Br ⁻ , I ⁻ , R ¹⁴ COO ⁻ (wherein R ¹⁴ represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms), etc. When the ionic functional group is a carboxylic acid group, it is preferable that the ionic functional group forms a salt with a strong base, because the acid dissociation constant of carboxylic acid is low and protons are difficult to dissociate under acidic conditions, reducing ionicity.

In the monovalent group having an ionic functional group, ^L1 can be appropriately selected depending on the type of ionic functional group. For example, when the ionic functional group is a sulfonic acid group, a phosphonic acid group, a carboxylic acid group, or a salt thereof, ^L1 is preferably a single bond. Furthermore, when the ionic functional group is an ammonium group, a pyridinium group, an imidazolium group, a guanidinium group, or a salt thereof, ^L1 is preferably a divalent linking group, more preferably an alkanediyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

The number of ionic functional groups in the above formula (1) is not particularly limited. The number of ionic functional groups in the above formula (1) (i.e., when n=0, the number of monovalent groups having an ionic functional group among R ¹ to R ⁴ , and when n=1, the number of monovalent groups having an ionic functional group among R ¹ to R ⁸ ) is preferably 1 to 4, and more preferably 1 or 2.
In R ¹ to R ⁸ , the monovalent organic group is preferably a hydrocarbon group, more preferably an alkyl group having a carbon number of 1 to 5. Examples of the halogen atom include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a boron atom, and an iodine atom.

Specific examples of the diamine compound [D1] include compounds represented by the following formulas (d-1) to (d-16).

The content of the structural unit U1 in polymer [P] is preferably 5 mol% or more, more preferably 10 mol% or more, even more preferably 20 mol% or more, and particularly preferably 50 mol% or more, relative to the total amount of structural units derived from the diamine compound contained in polymer [P], in order to ensure sufficient dispersibility of the dispersed substance (especially dispersibility in an aqueous dispersion medium). Furthermore, the content of the structural unit U1 is preferably 99.5 mol% or less, more preferably 99 mol% or less, even more preferably 98 mol% or less, and particularly preferably 85 mol% or less, relative to the total amount of structural units derived from the diamine compound contained in polymer [P], in order to improve the dispersibility of the dispersed substance (especially dispersibility in an organic solvent dispersion medium) and to sufficiently reduce the volume resistivity of the CNT film when CNTs are used as the dispersed substance. When synthesizing polymer [P], diamine compound [D1] can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

(Structural unit U2)
The structural unit U2 is not particularly limited as long as it is a structural unit derived from a diamine compound [D2] different from the diamine compound [D1]. Examples of the diamine compound [D2] include aliphatic diamines, alicyclic diamines, aromatic diamines, and diaminoorganosiloxanes. Among these, it is preferable that the diamine compound [D2] be an aromatic diamine, from the viewpoint of imparting a rigid and highly uniaxially linear structure to the molecular chain of the polymer [P] and facilitating in-plane orientation of the polymer [P] through intermolecular stacking interactions, thereby further enhancing the dispersibility of the dispersed substance.

Specific examples of diamine compound [D2] include aliphatic diamines such as metaxylylenediamine, 1,3-propanediamine, tetramethylenediamine, pentamethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, and 1,3-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane; alicyclic diamines such as 1,4-diaminocyclohexane and 4,4'-methylenebis(cyclohexylamine);

Examples of aromatic diamines include paraphenylenediamine, metaphenylenediamine, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4-aminophenyl-4'-aminobenzoate, 4,4'-diaminoazobenzene, 1,5-bis(4-aminophenoxy)pentane, 1,7-bis(4-aminophenoxy)heptane, bis[2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl]hexanedioic acid, N,N-bis(4-aminophenyl)methylamine, 1,5-diaminonaphthalene, 2,2'-dimethyl-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, 2,2'-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, and 2,7-diaminofluorobenzoates. Main-chain diamines such as olefin, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 2,2-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]propane, 2,2-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]hexafluoropropane, 2,2-bis(4-aminophenyl)hexafluoropropane, 4,4'-(p-phenylenediisopropylidene)bisaniline, 4,4'-(m-phenylenediisopropylidene)bisaniline, 1,4-bis(4-aminophenoxy)benzene, and 4,4'-bis(4-aminophenoxy)biphenyl; side-chain diamines in which a side-chain structure having 6 or more carbon atoms is bonded to a diaminophenyl structure;
Examples of diaminoorganosiloxanes include 1,3-bis(3-aminopropyl)-tetramethyldisiloxane, and the like. In addition, diamines described in JP-A-2010-97188 can also be used.

The diamine compound [D] is preferably a side chain diamine. Specifically, the diamine compound [D] preferably has a partial structure represented by the following formula (2), and more preferably is an aromatic diamine having a partial structure represented by the following formula (2):
*-L ^{2 1} -R ^{2 1} -R ^{2 2} -R ^{2 3} -R ^{2 4} ...(2)
In formula (2), L ^{2 1} is a single bond, —O—, —CO—, —COO-* ¹ , —OCO-* ¹ , —NR ^{2 5} —, —NR ^{2 5} -CO-* ¹ , —CO-NR ^{2 5} -* ¹ , an alkanediyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, —O-R ^{2 6} -* ¹ , or —R ^{2 6} -O-* ¹ (wherein R ^{2 5} is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and R ^{2 6} is an alkanediyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. * ¹ indicates a bond to R ^{2 1} ). ^{R 2 1} and R ^{2 3} are each independently a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene group, or a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene group, and R ^{2 2} is a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene group, or -R ^{2 7} -B ¹ -R ^{2 8} - (wherein R ^{2 7} and R ^{2 8} are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene group or cycloalkylene group, and B ¹ is a single bond, -O-, -COO-* ² , -OCO-* ² , -OCH ₂ -* ² , -CH ₂ O-* ² , or an alkanediyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. "* ² " indicates a bond to R ^{2 8} ). ^{R 2 4} is a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a cyano group, CH ₃ COO-* ³ (wherein "* ³ " indicates a bond to R ² and R ²¹ , R 22, and R 23 are all single bonds, R 24 is an alkyl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, a fluoroalkyl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a fluoroalkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a hydrocarbon group having 17 to 51 carbon atoms and a steroid skeleton, or a monovalent group in which at least one hydrogen atom of an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms has been substituted with a cyano group. However, when all of R ²¹ , R ²² , and R ²³ are single bonds, R ²⁴ is an alkyl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, a fluoroalkyl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, a fluoroalkoxy group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, a hydrocarbon group having 17 to 51 carbon atoms and a steroid skeleton, or a monovalent group in which at least one hydrogen atom of an alkyl group having ⁶ to ¹⁸ carbon atoms has been substituted with a ^cyano group. When the total number of substituted or unsubstituted phenylene groups and substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene groups that R ²⁴ has is 1, R ²⁴ is an alkyl group having 4 to 18 carbon atoms, a fluoroalkyl group having 4 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 4 to 18 carbon atoms, a fluoroalkoxy group having 4 to 18 carbon atoms, or a monovalent group in which at least one hydrogen atom of an alkyl group having 4 to 18 carbon atoms has been substituted with a cyano group. "*" indicates a bond.)

In the above formula (2), the substituents bonded to the rings of the substituted phenylene group and the substituted cycloalkylene group are preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a fluorine atom, or a cyano group. The number of substituents possessed by each of the substituted phenylene group and the substituted cycloalkylene group is preferably one or two, and more preferably one.
When R ^{2 4} is an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or a fluoroalkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, R ^{2 4} is preferably linear and has preferably 2 or more, more preferably 3 or more, and even more preferably 5 or more carbon atoms.
In order to achieve excellent dispersibility even when the amount of polymer [P] blended is small, it is preferable that in the group represented by the above formula (2), at least one of R ²¹ , R ²² and R ²³ has a ring structure or R ²⁴ has a steroid skeleton, more preferably that the total number of ring structures of R ²¹ , R ²² and R ²³ is two or more or that R ²⁴ has a steroid skeleton, and even more preferably that it has a steroid skeleton.

Among the above diamine compounds, the diamine compound [D2] is particularly preferably an aromatic diamine in which a group represented by the above formula (2) is bonded to a diaminophenyl group (i.e., a compound represented by the following formula (3)), from the viewpoint of being able to further increase the in-plane orientation of the polymer [P] and further increase the dispersibility of the dispersed substance. In this case, the bonding positions of the two primary amino groups are not particularly limited and may be, for example, the 2,4-positions, 2,5-positions, or 3,5-positions relative to the group represented by the above formula (2).
(In formula (3), L ^{2 1} , R ^{2 1} , R ^{2 2} , R ^{2 3} and R ^{2 4} have the same meanings as in formula (2) above.)

Specific examples of the diamine compound [D2] include hexanoxy-3,5-diaminobenzene, heptanoxy-2,4-diaminobenzene, dodecanoxy-2,4-diaminobenzene, pentadecanoxy-2,4-diaminobenzene, hexadecanoxy-2,4-diaminobenzene, octadecanoxy-2,4-diaminobenzene, pentadecanoxy-2,5-diaminobenzene, octadecanoxy-2,5-diaminobenzene, cholestanyloxy-3,5-diaminobenzene, cholestanyloxy-3,5-diaminobenzene, cholestanyloxy-2,4-diaminobenzene, cholestanyloxy-3,5-diaminobenzene, cholestanyloxy-2,4-diaminobenzene, cholestanyloxy-2,5 ... oxy-2,4-diaminobenzene, cholestanyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate, cholestenyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate, lanostannyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate, 3,6-bis(4-aminobenzoyloxy)cholestane, 3,6-bis(4-aminophenoxy)cholestane, 2,4-diamino-N,N-diallylaniline, 4-(4'-trifluoromethoxybenzoyloxy)cyclohexyl-3,5-diaminobenzoate, 1,1-bis(4-((aminophenyl)methyl)phenyl)-4-butylcyclohexane, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid=5ξ-cholestan-3-yl, compounds of the following formula (E-1):
(In formula (E-1), X ^I and X ^II each independently represent a single bond, —O—, *-COO—, or *-OCO— (wherein “*” represents a bond to X ^I ), R ^I represents an alkanediyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, R ^II represents a single bond or an alkanediyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, R6 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a fluoroalkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a represents an integer of 0 to 2, b represents an integer of 0 to 2, and d represents 0 or 1, provided that a and b cannot simultaneously be 0.)
Examples of the compound include compounds represented by the following formula:

Specific examples of the compound represented by formula (E-1) above include compounds represented by the following formulas (E-1-1) to (E-1-11).
(In formulas (E-1-1) to (E-1-11), X ¹ represents —O—, —OCH ₂ —, —CH ₂ O—, —COO—CH ₂ — or —CH ₂ —OCO—, and R ⁶ has the same meaning as in formula (E-1).)

The content of the structural unit U2 in polymer [P] is preferably 0.5 mol% or more, more preferably 1 mol% or more, even more preferably 2 mol% or more, and particularly preferably 15 mol% or more, of the total amount of structural units derived from the diamine compound contained in polymer [P] (i.e., the total amount of structural units U1 and U2), in order to ensure sufficient dispersibility of the dispersed substance (especially dispersibility in organic solvent-based dispersion media). Furthermore, the content of the structural unit U2 is preferably 95 mol% or less, more preferably 90 mol% or less, even more preferably 80 mol% or less, and particularly preferably 50 mol% or less, of the total amount of structural units derived from the diamine compound contained in polymer [P], in order to improve the dispersibility of the dispersed substance (especially dispersibility in aqueous dispersion media). Note that when synthesizing polymer [P], one type of diamine compound [D2] can be used alone, or two or more types can be used in combination.

Polymer [P] is at least one selected from the group consisting of polyamic acid, polyamic acid ester, and polyimide. Polymer [P] can be obtained, for example, by polymerization using as raw material components at least one tetracarboxylic acid derivative selected from the group consisting of tetracarboxylic acid dianhydrides, tetracarboxylic acid diesters, and tetracarboxylic acid diester dihalides, and a diamine compound.

[Polyamic acid]
When the polymer [P] is a polyamic acid, the polyamic acid (hereinafter also referred to as "polyamic acid [P]") can be obtained, for example, by reacting a tetracarboxylic dianhydride with a diamine compound.

(Tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride)
The tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride used in the synthesis of the polymer [P] is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include aliphatic tetracarboxylic acid dianhydrides, alicyclic tetracarboxylic acid dianhydrides, aromatic tetracarboxylic acid dianhydrides, etc. Specific examples of these include butanetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride as an aliphatic tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride;
Examples of alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides include 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,3,5-tricarboxycyclopentylacetic dianhydride, 5-(2,5-dioxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydronaphtho[1,2-c]furan-1,3-dione, 5-(2,5-dioxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)-8-methyl-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydronaphtho[1,2-c]furan-1,3-dione, 3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione- 6-spiro-3'-(tetrahydrofuran-2',5'-dione), 5-(2,5-dioxotetrahydro-3-furanyl)-3-methyl-3-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride, 3,5,6-tricarboxy-2-carboxymethylnorbornane-2:3,5:6-dianhydride, bicyclo[3.3.0]octane-2,4,6,8-tetracarboxylic acid 2:4,6:8-dianhydride, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic acid 2:3,5:6-dianhydride, 4,9-dioxatricyclo[5.3.1.0]octane-2,4,6,8-tetracarboxylic acid 2:3,5:6-dianhydride ^2,6 ]undecane-3,5,8,10-tetraone, 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, ethylenediaminetetraacetic dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-cyclopentanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, ethylene glycol bis(anhydrotrimellitate), 1,3-propylene glycol bis(anhydrotrimellitate), and the like;
Examples of aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides include pyromellitic dianhydride, 4,4'-biphthalic dianhydride, 4,4'-carbonyldiphthalic dianhydride, 4,4'-oxydiphthalic dianhydride, naphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, and naphthalene-1,4,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride;
In addition to the above, the tetracarboxylic dianhydrides described in JP-A-2010-97188 can also be used.

The tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride used in the synthesis of the polymer [P] is preferably a compound having a partial structure represented by each of the following formulas (t-1) to (t-21) (hereinafter also referred to as a "specific tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride") from the viewpoint of making the molecular chain of the polymer [P] have a rigid and highly uniaxially linear structure and facilitating in-plane orientation of the polymer [P].
(In formulas (t-1) to (t-21), "*" represents a bond bonding to a carbonyl group possessed by an acid anhydride group (-CO-O-CO-).)

In order to further improve the dispersibility of the dispersed substance, the content of structural units derived from the specific tetracarboxylic dianhydride in polymer [P] is preferably 20 mol% or more, more preferably 30 mol% or more, and even more preferably 50 mol% or more, based on the total amount of structural units derived from tetracarboxylic dianhydride contained in polymer [P]. Furthermore, the content of structural units derived from the specific tetracarboxylic dianhydride can be 100 mol% or less, based on the total amount of structural units derived from tetracarboxylic dianhydride contained in polymer [P]. These tetracarboxylic dianhydrides can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

The tetracarboxylic acid derivative used in the synthesis of polymer [P] preferably contains an aromatic tetracarboxylic acid derivative, as this provides the polymer [P] with a rigid, uniaxially linear molecular chain structure, facilitating in-plane orientation of the polymer [P] (exhibiting lyotropic liquid crystallinity), and further enhancing the dispersibility of the dispersed substance. It is particularly preferred that the tetracarboxylic acid derivative contain an aromatic tetracarboxylic acid derivative having a partial structure represented by each of the above formulas (t-1) to (t-6). The content of structural units derived from aromatic tetracarboxylic acid derivatives in polymer [P] is preferably 20 mol% or more, more preferably 30 mol% or more, and even more preferably 50 mol% or more, based on the total amount of structural units derived from tetracarboxylic acid derivatives contained in polymer [P]. In addition, when synthesizing polymer [P], aromatic tetracarboxylic acid derivatives can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

(Synthesis of polyamic acid [P])
The polyamic acid [P] can be obtained by reacting the above-mentioned tetracarboxylic dianhydride with a diamine compound, optionally together with a molecular weight modifier. The ratio of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the diamine compound used in the synthesis reaction of the polyamic acid [P] is preferably such that 0.2 to 2 equivalents, and more preferably 0.3 to 1.2 equivalents, of the acid anhydride groups of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride are used per equivalent of the amino groups of the diamine compound.

If the diamine compound has an acidic functional group, the above reaction may be carried out after neutralizing it by adding a base. A tertiary amine is preferred as the base, with triethylamine being particularly preferred. The base is preferably used in an amount of 0.5 to 5 equivalents relative to the acidic functional group, and more preferably 1 to 2 equivalents. Similarly, if the diamine compound has a basic functional group, the above reaction may be carried out after neutralizing it by adding an acid. A carboxylic acid is preferred as the acid. The acid is preferably used in an amount of 0.5 to 5 equivalents relative to the basic functional group, and more preferably 1 to 2 equivalents.

Examples of molecular weight modifiers include acid monoanhydrides such as maleic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, and itaconic anhydride; monoamine compounds such as aniline, cyclohexylamine, and n-butylamine; and monoisocyanate compounds such as phenyl isocyanate and naphthyl isocyanate. The proportion of molecular weight modifier used is preferably 20 parts by weight or less, and more preferably 10 parts by weight or less, per 100 parts by weight of the total of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and diamine used.

The synthesis reaction of polyamic acid [P] is preferably carried out in an organic solvent. The reaction temperature is preferably -20°C to 150°C, more preferably 0°C to 100°C. The reaction time is preferably 0.1 to 24 hours, more preferably 0.5 to 12 hours.

Examples of organic solvents used in the reaction include aprotic polar solvents, phenolic solvents, alcohols, ketones, esters, ethers, halogenated hydrocarbons, and hydrocarbons. Among these organic solvents, it is preferable to use one or more selected from the group consisting of aprotic polar solvents and phenolic solvents (Group 1 organic solvents), or a mixture of one or more selected from Group 1 organic solvents with one or more selected from the group consisting of alcohols, ketones, esters, ethers, halogenated hydrocarbons, and hydrocarbons (Group 2 organic solvents). In the latter case, the proportion of Group 2 organic solvent used is preferably 50% by mass or less, more preferably 40% by mass or less, and even more preferably 30% by mass or less, based on the total amount of Group 1 organic solvents and Group 2 organic solvents.

Particularly preferred organic solvents are one or more selected from the group consisting of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, γ-butyrolactone, tetramethylurea, hexamethylphosphortriamide, m-cresol, xylenol, and halogenated phenols, or a mixture of one or more of these with other organic solvents in the above-mentioned proportions. The amount of organic solvent (a) used is preferably an amount such that the total amount (b) of tetracarboxylic dianhydride and diamine is 0.1 to 50% by mass relative to the total amount (a + b) of the reaction solution.

[Polyamic acid ester]
When the polymer [P] is a polyamic acid ester, the polyamic acid ester (hereinafter also referred to as "polyamic acid ester [P]") can be obtained, for example, by [I] a method of reacting the polyamic acid [P] obtained by the above polymerization reaction with an esterifying agent, [II] a method of reacting a tetracarboxylic acid diester with a diamine, or [III] a method of reacting a tetracarboxylic acid diester dihalide with a diamine. The polyamic acid ester [P] may have only an amic acid ester structure, or may have both an amic acid structure and an amic acid ester structure.

[Polyimide]
When the polymer [P] is a polyimide, the polyimide (hereinafter also referred to as "polyimide [P]") can be obtained by imidizing the polyamic acid [P] or polyamic acid ester [P] synthesized as described above through dehydration and cyclization. The polyimide [P] may be a fully imidized product in which all of the amic acid structures or amic acid ester structures contained in its precursor, the polyamic acid [P] or polyamic acid ester [P], have been dehydrated and cyclized, or a partially imidized product in which only a portion of the amic acid structures and amic acid ester structures have been dehydrated and cyclized, resulting in both the amic acid structure or amic acid ester structure and an imide ring structure. In order to sufficiently enhance the dispersibility of the dispersed substance, the polyimide [P] preferably has an imidization rate of 50% or more, more preferably 75% or more, even more preferably 85% or more, and particularly preferably 90% or more. The imidization ratio is the ratio, expressed as a percentage, of the number of imide ring structures to the total number of amic acid structures and amic acid ester structures and the number of imide ring structures in the polyimide.

The dehydration ring-closure to obtain polyimide [P] is preferably carried out by heating the polyamic acid, or by dissolving the polyamic acid in an organic solvent, adding at least one of a dehydrating agent and a dehydration ring-closure catalyst to the solution, and heating as necessary.

In the method of adding a dehydrating agent and a dehydration ring-closing catalyst to a polyamic acid solution, the dehydrating agent can be, for example, an acid anhydride such as acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride, or trifluoroacetic anhydride. The amount of dehydrating agent used is preferably 0.01 to 20 moles per mole of the amic acid structure of the polyamic acid. The dehydration ring-closing catalyst can be, for example, a base catalyst such as pyridine, triethylamine, or 1-methylpiperidine, or an acid catalyst such as methanesulfonic acid or benzoic acid. The amount of dehydration ring-closing catalyst used is preferably 0.01 to 10 moles per mole of the dehydrating agent used. Examples of organic solvents used in the dehydration ring-closing reaction include the organic solvents exemplified for use in the synthesis of polyamic acid [P]. The reaction temperature for the dehydration ring-closing reaction is preferably 0 to 200°C, more preferably 10 to 150°C. The reaction time is preferably 1.0 to 120 hours, more preferably 2.0 to 30 hours.

The reaction solution containing polymer [P] may be used directly to prepare the dispersion composition, or the polymer [P] contained in the reaction solution may be isolated and then used to prepare the dispersion composition, or the isolated polymer [P] may be purified and then used to prepare the dispersion composition. Isolation and purification of polymer [P] can be carried out according to known methods.

The polymer [P] obtained in this manner preferably has a solution viscosity of 10 to 2,000 mPa·s, and more preferably 20 to 1,000 mPa·s, when prepared into a 10% by mass solution. The solution viscosity (mPa·s) of the polymer is measured at 25°C using an E-type rotational viscometer for a 10% by mass polymer solution prepared using a good solvent for the polymer (e.g., water).

The polystyrene-equivalent weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of polymer [P] measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) is preferably 1,000 to 500,000, and more preferably 2,000 to 300,000. Furthermore, the molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn), expressed as the ratio of Mw to the polystyrene-equivalent number-average molecular weight (Mn) measured by GPC, is preferably 15 or less, and more preferably 10 or less.

Here, carbon nanotubes, which are one of the dispersed substances, have excellent properties such as electrical conductivity, heat resistance, toughness, and lightweight. However, carbon nanotubes have a high tendency to aggregate, making them difficult to disperse uniformly in either aqueous or organic solvent-based dispersion media. Furthermore, if the carbon nanotubes are not well dispersed, there is a concern that the various properties of the carbon nanotubes may not be fully expressed in films or wiring obtained using the dispersion composition. In this regard, the dispersion composition of the present disclosure contains polymer [P] as a dispersant, thereby achieving high and excellent dispersibility of carbon nanotubes in both aqueous and organic solvent systems. Furthermore, by using a dispersion composition containing carbon nanotubes and polymer [P], films and wiring with excellent electrical conductivity can be formed.

From the viewpoint of ensuring sufficient dispersibility of the dispersed substance, the content of polymer [P] in the dispersion composition is preferably 2% by mass or more, more preferably 5% by mass or more, and even more preferably 10% by mass or more, based on the total mass of the dispersed substance and polymer [P]. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of obtaining sufficient functionality of the dispersed substance, the content of polymer [P] is preferably 99.5% by mass or less, more preferably 99% by mass or less, based on the total mass of the dispersed substance and polymer [P].

The content of polymer [P] in the dispersion composition is preferably 0.05 to 30% by mass relative to the total amount of the dispersion medium and polymer [P]. Polymer [P] is preferred because it exhibits high dispersibility of the dispersed substance even at a relatively low polymer concentration. Furthermore, since the viscosity of the dispersion composition can be reduced, it has good coatability when forming a coating film on a substrate, making it possible to create a thin film of approximately 0.1 μm, and is therefore excellent in industrial productivity. The content of polymer [P] is more preferably 0.1 to 25% by mass, and even more preferably 0.2 to 20% by mass, relative to the total mass of the dispersion medium and polymer [P].

The solids concentration of the dispersion composition (i.e., the proportion of the total mass of the dispersion composition's components other than the dispersion medium) is appropriately selected taking into consideration factors such as viscosity and the volatility of the dispersion medium, but is preferably in the range of 1 to 70% by mass, more preferably 3 to 50% by mass, and even more preferably 5 to 40% by mass. The dispersion composition of the present disclosure may be used in a form in which it is applied to a substrate surface, and a coating film is formed, preferably by removing the dispersion medium. In this case, if the solids concentration is 1% by mass or more, the coating film thickness will not be too thin, making it easier to form a coating film containing the dispersed substance. On the other hand, if the solids concentration is 70% by mass or less, the coating film thickness will not be too large, making it easier to form a high-quality coating film. Furthermore, the viscosity of the dispersion composition will not be too high, preventing a decrease in coatability.

The dispersion composition of the present disclosure may contain a dispersant other than polymer [P] (hereinafter also referred to as "other dispersant") as long as it does not interfere with the objectives and effects of the present disclosure. The content of the other dispersant is preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 5% by mass or less, and even more preferably 1% by mass or less, of the total amount of dispersant contained in the dispersion composition.

<Other ingredients>
The dispersion composition of the present disclosure may contain other components in addition to (A) the dispersed substance, (B) the dispersion medium, and (C) the dispersant, as long as the purpose and effects of the present disclosure are not impaired. Examples of other components include surfactants, fillers, pigments, antifoaming agents, sensitizers, antioxidants, adhesion aids, antistatic agents, leveling agents, and antibacterial agents. The content ratio of other components can be appropriately set depending on each compound to be blended, as long as the effects of the present disclosure are not impaired.

The method for preparing the dispersion composition is not particularly limited and can be carried out according to known methods. For example, the dispersion composition can be prepared by mixing the substance to be dispersed, the dispersion medium, and the dispersant, and then heating, stirring, etc. as necessary. The temperature when preparing the dispersion composition is preferably 5 to 90°C, more preferably 10 to 65°C. The process of mixing the substance to be dispersed, the dispersion medium, and the dispersant may be carried out using, for example, a homogenizer or a bead mill.

The dispersion composition of the present disclosure uses polymer [P] as a polymer dispersant to suppress aggregation of the dispersed substance, thereby stably dispersing the dispersed substance in the dispersion medium. A coating film containing the dispersed substance can be formed on the substrate by applying the dispersion composition of the present disclosure to a substrate and then removing the dispersion medium, preferably by heating. The dispersion composition of the present disclosure can also be used in liquid form, either as is or by mixing it with other dispersions.

The dispersion composition of the present disclosure can be used for a variety of applications depending on the type of dispersed material. Specifically, it can be used in transparent conductive films, antistatic films, insulating films, protective films, antireflective films, colored films, field effect transistors (FETs), touch panels, conductive inks, paints, printing inks, inkjet coating inks, etc.

Second Embodiment
Next, a method for producing an anisotropic film according to the present disclosure will be described. This method includes a holding step in which a dispersion composition containing a substance to be dispersed, a dispersion medium, and a compound exhibiting lyotropic liquid crystallinity is held on a support surface while applying shear stress, and a transfer step in which the dispersion composition held on the support surface is transferred onto a substrate. Details of this method will be described below.

(holding process)
The descriptions of (A) the substance to be dispersed and (B) the dispersion medium in the first embodiment can be applied to the substance to be dispersed and the dispersion medium contained in the dispersion composition.
The compound exhibiting lyotropic liquid crystallinity (hereinafter also referred to as "compound (L)") is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound exhibiting lyotropic liquid crystallinity, but is preferably a polymer, and more preferably at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of polyamic acid, polyamic acid ester, and polyimide. Among these, compound (L) is particularly preferably a polymer having a structural unit U1 derived from diamine compound [D1] represented by the following formula (1). The description of diamine compound [D1] in the first embodiment can be applied to the description of diamine compound [D1] in the first embodiment.
(In formula (1), n is 0 or 1. When n is 0, at least one of R ¹ to R ⁴ is a monovalent group having an ionic functional group, and the remaining groups are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a monovalent organic group. When n is 1, at least one of R ¹ to R ⁸ is a monovalent group having an ionic functional group, and the remaining groups are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a monovalent organic group.)

Compound (L) may be a polymer in which all structural units constituting compound (L) are structural units U1, or may be a polymer [P] that further includes a structural unit U2 different from structural unit U1. When compound (L) further includes structural unit U2, the explanation of the structural unit U2 and polymer [P] can be applied to the explanation of the first embodiment above. In addition, the explanation of the first embodiment above can be applied to the explanation of the tetracarboxylic acid anhydride used in the synthesis of compound (L), the polymerization method, etc.

The holder for holding the dispersion composition is not particularly limited, but examples include rotating bodies made of resin, rubber, metal, etc.; flat plates, etc. The holder is preferably a rotating body. In this process, the dispersion composition is supplied to the holder while applying shear stress, thereby causing the holder to hold the dispersion composition. In a preferred example, a stress generator is placed opposite the surface of the holder, and the dispersion composition is supplied so that it passes between the rotating body and the stress generator. By varying the movement speed of the holder surface and the movement speed of the stress generator surface, shear stress is applied to the dispersion composition. The surface of the stress generator may move in the same direction as the movement direction of the holder surface (the rotation direction if the holder is a rotating body), or in the opposite direction to the movement direction of the holder surface. The stress generator may also be a fixed component, such as a housing or blade.

The amount of dispersion composition retained on the support surface can be adjusted appropriately depending on the size of the gap between the support surface and the surface of the stress generator. The gap is, for example, 0.01 to 5 μm. It is preferable that the stress generator also functions as a retention amount adjustment unit that adjusts the amount of dispersion composition retained on the support surface.

Alternatively, the dispersion composition can be held on the support by applying shear stress to a flat plate serving as a support using a bar coating method, slit coating method, etc., to form a coating film.

(Transfer process)
In this step, the dispersion composition held on the support surface is transferred onto a substrate. Examples of the substrate include glass such as float glass and soda glass; and transparent substrates made of plastics such as polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethersulfone, polycarbonate, and poly(alicyclic olefin). The dispersion composition can be transferred to the substrate by contacting the dispersion composition on the support surface with the substrate, preferably by moving the substrate relative to the support. When transferring the dispersion composition to the substrate, the transfer may be performed by pressing the support from the opposite side of the support, sandwiching the substrate between them, at a position facing the support.

The coating film transferred to the substrate can be preferably heated to form an anisotropic film on the substrate. The heating temperature is, for example, 30 to 180°C, more preferably 40 to 150°C. The heating time is, for example, 1 to 30 minutes. The thickness of the anisotropic film formed is preferably 0.05 to 5 μm.

Next, we will explain an anisotropic film forming apparatus that forms an anisotropic film on a substrate using this manufacturing method. The anisotropic film forming apparatus of the present disclosure includes a holding unit that holds a dispersion composition containing a dispersed substance, a dispersion medium, and a compound exhibiting lyotropic liquid crystallinity on the surface of a holder while applying shear stress, and a transfer unit that transfers the dispersion composition held on the surface of the holder onto the substrate.

An embodiment in which the anisotropic film forming device disclosed herein is embodied as a printing-type shear coating device is described using Figure 1.

As shown in Figure 1, the shear coating device 10 is a roll coater type and includes a coating roll 11, a doctor roll 12, and a backup roll 13. The coating roll 11 is a rotating body whose surface layer is made of, for example, a rubber layer, and the dispersion composition 20 is applied to its surface.

The doctor roll 12 is a rotating body made of, for example, metal, and is positioned opposite the coating roll 11. In the shear coating device 10, the dispersion composition 20 is supplied into the gap between the coating roll 11 and the doctor roll 12, whereby the dispersion composition 20 is applied to the surface of the coating roll 11 to form a coating film. The doctor roll 12 adjusts the amount of dispersion composition applied to the surface of the coating roll 11 (i.e., the film thickness) by scraping off excess dispersion composition from the surface of the coating roll. The amount of application can be adjusted by the size of the gap between the coating roll 11 and the doctor roll 12, the rotation speed of the doctor roll 12, the viscosity of the dispersion composition 20, etc.

The rotation directions of the coating roll 11 and the doctor roll 12 may be the same or opposite to each other. In this embodiment, the rotation direction of the coating roll 11 and the rotation direction of the doctor roll 12 are the same. Furthermore, the rotation speed V1 of the coating roll 11 and the rotation speed V2 of the doctor roll 12 are different; for example, the rotation speed V2 is faster than the rotation speed V1. Note that at least one of the coating roll 11 and the doctor roll 12 may be capable of rotating forward and backward. The coating roll 11 corresponds to the "holding body," and the doctor roll 12 corresponds to the "stress generating body."

The backup roll 13 is positioned opposite the coating roll 11 along the transport path of the substrate 30. The arrow in Figure 1 indicates the direction of movement of the substrate 30. The backup roll 13 presses the substrate 30 from the side opposite the coating surface of the substrate 30. As a result, as the substrate 30 moves relative to the coating roll 11, the coating film on the surface of the coating roll 11 is transferred to the surface of the substrate 30 at the contact point 19 between the coating roll 11 and the substrate 30, forming an anisotropic film 21 on the surface of the substrate 30.

As the coating roll 11 rotates, a coating film composed of the dispersion composition 20 is formed on the surface of the coating roll 11. At the contact point 18 where the coating roll 11 and the doctor roll 12 come into contact with each other through the layer of dispersion composition 20, shear stress is applied to the dispersion composition 20 by the rotation of the doctor roll 12, scraping off excess dispersion composition 20 from the surface of the coating roll 11. This shear stress causes the compound (L) in the coating film composed of the dispersion composition 20 to be uniaxially oriented, and the dispersed substance is aligned along the molecular chains of compound (L). The rotation directions of the coating roll 11 and the doctor roll 12 are preferably the same, so that sufficient shear stress can be applied to the coating film composed of the dispersion composition 20. The coating film formed on the surface of the coating roll 11 is then transferred at the contact point 19 between the coating roll 11 and the substrate 30, forming an anisotropic film 21 on the substrate 30.

In the shear coating device 10 described above, a dispersion composition containing compound (L) as a dispersant is applied to a coating roll 11 while applying shear stress to form a coating film, and the coating film is then transferred to a substrate 30 to form an anisotropic film on the substrate 30. This configuration includes a step of transferring a coating film temporarily formed on the coating roll 11 as a support to the substrate 30, thereby producing an anisotropic film with superior properties, such as electrical conductivity anisotropy, polarization absorption characteristics, heat transfer anisotropy, and degassing resistance, compared to when an anisotropic film is formed directly on a substrate. Using the rotating coating roll 11 as a support is particularly advantageous in that it significantly enhances the effectiveness of improving various properties.

The contact portion 18 where the coating roll 11 and doctor roll 12 come into contact with each other via the layer of dispersion composition 20 corresponds to the "holding portion that holds the dispersion composition on the support surface while applying shear stress," and the contact portion 19 of the coating roll 11 with the substrate 30 corresponds to the "transfer portion that transfers the dispersion composition held on the support surface onto the substrate."

Next, an embodiment in which the anisotropic film forming device of the present disclosure is embodied as a dispenser-type shear coating device will be described using Figure 2.

In Figure 2, the shear application device 100 is a ballpoint pen-type application device, and includes a main body 101 and a ball 102. The main body 101 is an elongated cylindrical body, and a storage section 103 for storing a dispersion composition 200 is formed inside it. In addition, a ball holding section 104 for rotatably holding the ball 102 is provided at the axial tip of the main body 101. A small gap is formed between this ball holding section 104 and the circumferential surface of the ball 102, allowing the dispersion composition 200 filled in the storage section 103 to enter into this gap.

To form an anisotropic film on the surface of a substrate 30 using the shear coater 100, the ball 102 of the shear coater 100 is brought into contact with the substrate 30 and the shear coater 100 is moved relative to the substrate 30 (e.g., in the direction A in Figure 2). This causes the ball 102 to rotate, and as the ball 102 rotates, the dispersion composition 200 filled in the container 103 adheres to the surface of the ball 102. At this time, at the contact area 105 where the ball 102 and the ball holder 104 come into contact with each other through a layer of dispersion composition 20, shear stress is applied to the dispersion composition 20 from the ball container 104 due to the rotation of the ball 102. This shear stress causes the compound (L) in the dispersion composition to be uniaxially oriented in the coating film formed on the surface of the ball 102, and the dispersed substance is aligned along the molecular chains of the compound (L). Thereafter, the coating film formed on the surface of ball 102 is transferred at contact portion 106 with substrate 30, thereby forming an anisotropic film 201 on substrate 30. In Fig. 2, arrow B indicates the direction in which dispersion composition 200 in storage portion 103 moves when an anisotropic film 201 is being formed on the surface of substrate 30 by shear coating device 100.

The shear coater 100 described above makes it possible to easily form an anisotropic film with various excellent properties on the substrate 30. Furthermore, even when forming a narrow anisotropic film such as a wiring, the shear coater 100 has the advantage of being able to form an anisotropic film 201 on the substrate 30 simply by moving the shear coater 100 relative to the substrate 30 while the ball 102 is in contact with the substrate 30. The contact portion 105, where the ball 102 and the ball holder 104 come into contact via the layer of dispersion composition 20, corresponds to the "holding portion that holds the dispersion composition on the holder surface while applying shear stress," and the contact portion 106 of the ball 102 with the substrate 30 corresponds to the "transfer portion that transfers the dispersion composition held on the holder surface to the substrate." The ball 102 corresponds to the "holding portion," and the ball holder 104 corresponds to the "stress generator."

Lyotropic liquid crystalline materials can be applied to a substrate while applying shear stress using methods such as slit coating or bar coating to produce a coating film in which the lyotropic liquid crystalline material is uniaxially aligned. However, when forming a coating film on a substrate using slit coating or bar coating, the orientation on the air-contact side is likely to be disrupted, for example, due to the influence of highly hydrophobic air on the air-contact side, causing hydrophobic groups to orient at a polar angle. This can result in reduced anisotropy and make it difficult to fully achieve the desired properties. Furthermore, with regard to coatability, slit coating and bar coating can be difficult to form a coating film on substrates with insufficient wettability, or to apply to irregularly shaped or curved substrates.

In contrast, the anisotropic film manufacturing method and anisotropic film forming apparatus disclosed herein combine shear coating and transfer methods to produce an anisotropic film with excellent properties such as conductive anisotropy, polarization absorption characteristics, thermal conduction anisotropy, and degassing resistance. Therefore, the anisotropic film obtained by the anisotropic film manufacturing method and anisotropic film forming apparatus disclosed herein can be used as various anisotropic films, such as polarizing films, retardation films, piezoelectric films, anisotropic conductive films, anisotropic thermally conductive films, and anisotropic magnetic films.

While it is unclear why a manufacturing method including a transfer step can produce an anisotropic film with improved properties, such as conductive anisotropy, one possible reason is that the transfer improves the uniaxial orientation of compound (L), thereby improving the dispersibility and orientation of the dispersed substance. In particular, when a rotating body is used as the holder, the uniaxial orientation is further improved, and various properties are thought to have been further improved.

The following provides further details using examples, but the contents of this disclosure are not limited to these examples.

In the following examples, the weight-average molecular weight Mw and imidization rate of the polymer were measured by the following methods. The required amounts of the raw material compounds and polymers used in the following examples were obtained by repeating the synthesis on the synthesis scale shown in the synthesis examples below as necessary.

[Weight average molecular weight Mw of polymer]
The weight average molecular weight Mw is a polystyrene equivalent value measured by GPC under the following conditions.
Column: TSKgel GRCXLII, manufactured by Tosoh Corporation
Solvent: N,N-dimethylformamide solution containing lithium bromide and phosphoric acid Temperature: 40°C
Pressure: 68 kgf/ ^cm2
[Imidization rate of polymer]
The polyimide solution was poured into pure water, and the resulting precipitate was thoroughly dried under reduced pressure at room temperature. The precipitate was then dissolved in deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide and subjected to ^1H -NMR measurement at room temperature using tetramethylsilane as a reference material. The imidization ratio was calculated from the obtained ^1H -NMR spectrum using the following mathematical formula (EX-1).
Imidization rate (%)=(((1−E ¹ )/E ² )×α)×100
… (EX-1)
(In formula (EX-1), ^E1 is the peak area derived from the proton of the NH group appearing at a chemical shift of around 10 ppm, ^E2 is the peak area derived from other protons, and α is the ratio of the number of other protons to one proton of the NH group in the polymer precursor (polyamic acid).)
In the following, the compound represented by formula (X) may be simply abbreviated as "compound (X)."

[First Example]
1. Polymer Synthesis [Synthesis Example 1: Synthesis of Polyamic Acid]
36.77 g (95 parts by mole) of pyromellitic dianhydride, 6.68 g (20 parts by mole) of 2,5-diaminobenzenesulfonic acid, and 31.56 g (80 parts by mole) of 2,4-diamino-heptyloxybenzene were dissolved in 425 g of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), and the mixture was allowed to react at room temperature for 6 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into a large excess of methanol to precipitate the reaction product. This precipitate was washed with methanol and dried under reduced pressure at 40°C for 15 hours, yielding 68 g of polyamic acid (hereinafter referred to as polymer (PAA-1)).

[Synthesis Example 2: Synthesis of Polyimide]
26.32 g (95 mol parts) of 2,3,5-tricarboxycyclopentylacetic dianhydride, 23.03 g (99 mol parts) of 2,5-diaminobenzenesulfonic acid, and 0.65 g (1 mol part) of cholestanyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate were dissolved in 200 g of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and reacted at room temperature for 6 hours. A polyamic acid solution with a polymer concentration of 20% by mass was obtained. 250 g of NMP was added to the resulting polyamic acid solution, followed by addition of 46.4 g of pyridine and 36.0 g of acetic anhydride, and the reaction was carried out at 110°C for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was then poured into a large excess of methanol to precipitate the reaction product. The recovered precipitate was washed with methanol and then dried under reduced pressure at 100°C to obtain 45 g of polyimide (hereinafter referred to as polymer (PI-1)). The imidization rate of the resulting polymer (PI-1) was 99%.

[Synthesis Examples 3 to 9]
Polyimides (polymers (PI-2) to (PI-6), (PI-1), and (PI-2)) were obtained in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 2, except that the types and amounts of the tetracarboxylic dianhydrides and diamine compounds used in the reaction were changed as shown in Table 1 below. The imidization ratios of the respective polyimides are also shown in Table 1 below.
[Synthesis Example 10]
Polyamic acid (polymer (paa-1)) was obtained in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 1, except that the types and amounts of tetracarboxylic dianhydride and diamine compound used in the reaction were changed as shown in Table 1 below.

The numerical values in Table 1 indicate the proportion (mol %) of tetracarboxylic dianhydrides used relative to the total amount of tetracarboxylic dianhydrides used in the reaction, and the numerical values in Table 1 indicate the proportion (mol %) of diamine compounds used relative to the total amount of diamine compounds used in the reaction. The abbreviations for tetracarboxylic dianhydrides and diamine compounds in Table 1 are as follows:
(Tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride)
AN-1: 2,3,5-tricarboxycyclopentylacetic dianhydride AN-2: Pyromellitic dianhydride AN-3: 1,3-propylene glycol bis(anhydrotrimellitate)
(Diamine compound)
DA-1; 2,5-diaminobenzenesulfonic acid DA-2; 2,5-diaminobenzoic acid DA-3; 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid cholestanyl DA-4; cholestanyloxy-2,4-diaminobenzene DA-5; DA-6, a compound represented by the following formula (DA-5); 2,4-diamino-heptyloxybenzene DA-7; paraphenylenediamine

2. Preparation and Evaluation of CNT-Containing Dispersion Composition [Example 1]
(1) Preparation of Dispersion Composition 400 parts by mass of distilled water was added as a solvent to a container containing 5 parts by mass of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) and 95 parts by mass of the polymer (PI-1) obtained in Synthesis Example 2. Next, ultrasonic dispersion was carried out for 10 minutes to prepare a dispersion composition (S-1).

(2) Evaluation of CNT dispersibility (aqueous system)
The dispersion composition (S-1) obtained in (1) above was left to stand on a flat surface for one day. The evaluation was "good (◯)" if the initial dispersion state was maintained, and "poor (×)" if sedimentation or aggregation was observed. As a result, the CNT dispersibility of this dispersion composition (S-1) was "good (◯)".
(3) Evaluation of CNT dispersibility (organic solvent system)
A dispersion composition was prepared in the same manner as in (1) above, except that cyclopentanone was used instead of the distilled water used as the solvent in (1). The obtained dispersion composition was left standing on a flat surface, and the dispersion state was observed over time. The evaluation was as follows: if the initial dispersion state was maintained after one week, it was rated "best (◎◎)"; if the initial dispersion state was maintained after three days, it was rated "excellent (◎)"; if the initial dispersion state was maintained after one day, it was rated "good (○)"; if the initial dispersion state was maintained after three hours, it was rated "fair (△)"; and if sedimentation or aggregation was observed after three hours, it was rated "poor (×)". As a result, the CNT dispersibility (organic solvent system) of this dispersion composition was "fair (△)".

(4) Evaluation of CNT Coatability The dispersion composition (S-1) obtained in (1) above was applied to a glass substrate using a blade and dried on a hot plate at 80 ° C. for 10 minutes to form a coating film with an average thickness of 1 μm. This coating film was observed under a microscope at 50x magnification to check for unevenness in thickness and the presence or absence of pinholes in the coating film. The evaluation was as follows: when neither unevenness in thickness nor pinholes were observed, the coating property was rated as "good (○)", and when at least one of unevenness in thickness and pinholes was clearly observed, the coating property was rated as "poor (×)". As a result, neither unevenness in thickness nor pinholes were observed, and the coating property was rated as "good (○)".

(5) Evaluation of Volume Resistivity The dispersion composition (S-1) was applied to a glass substrate and dried in the same manner as in (4) above, except that the blade gap was changed, to obtain a film-like test piece (thickness: approximately 20 μm). Next, the volume resistivity of the obtained test piece was measured by a four-terminal method. The volume resistivity was calculated from the surface resistivity and film thickness using the following formula (5). In addition, the measurement was performed five times while changing the measurement location, and the average value was evaluated as the volume resistivity.
Volume resistivity (μΩ・m) = surface resistivity (Ω) × film thickness (μm)…(5)
As a result, the volume resistivity of the film obtained using this dispersion composition (S-1) was 1000 μΩ·m (0.1 Ω·cm). Note that it can be said that the lower the volume resistivity, the higher the conductivity.

(6) Finger Press Test The dispersion composition (S-1) obtained in (1) above was applied to a glass substrate using a blade and dried on a hot plate at 80 ° C. for 10 minutes to form a coating film with an average film thickness of 10 μm. The resulting coating film was pressed with a finger to confirm its resistance to cracking (external force resistance). The evaluation was performed under a microscope (magnification: 10x) and rated as "good (○)" if no cracks were observed; "fair (△)" if no cracks were observed visually but were observed under a microscope; and "poor" if cracks were observed visually. As a result, the external force resistance of the coating film formed using this dispersion composition (S-1) was judged to be "fair (△)" because no cracks were observed visually, but cracks were observed under a microscope.

(7) Evaluation of Substrate Adhesion The dispersion composition (S-1) was applied to a glass substrate in the same manner as in (4) above, except that the dispersion composition was applied by spray coating, followed by drying to form a 0.5 μm thick coating film on the glass substrate, thereby preparing a substrate with carbon nanotubes. Next, a solvent prepared so that the mixture was distilled water/isopropyl alcohol/propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate = 5/25/70 (mass ratio) was poured onto the substrate with carbon nanotubes, and the substrate was then dried on a hot plate at 80 ° C. for 10 minutes. The obtained substrate (hereinafter referred to as "adhesion evaluation test piece") was observed under a microscope (magnification: 10x), and the volume resistivity was evaluated to evaluate the substrate adhesion. The evaluation was as follows: if all of the following criteria 1, 2, and 3 were met, it was rated as "best quality (◎◎)"; if criteria 1 and 2 were met but criterion 3 was not met, it was rated as "excellent (◎)"; if criteria 1 was met but criterion 2 was not met, it was rated as "good (○)"; if criteria 2 was met but criterion 1 was not met, it was rated as "fair (△)"; and if neither criteria 1 nor 2 were met, it was rated as "poor (×)".
Criterion 1: No cracks are observed when the test piece for adhesion evaluation is observed under a microscope.
Criterion 2: The volume resistivity of the test piece for adhesiveness evaluation, determined according to the method in (5) above, is 0.05 Ω·cm or less (500 μΩ·m or less).
Criterion 3: The volume resistivity of the test piece for adhesiveness evaluation, determined according to the method in (5) above, is equal to or less than the volume resistivity value in (5) above.
As a result, the substrate adhesion of this dispersion composition (S-1) was rated as "fair (Δ)".

[Examples 2 to 7, Comparative Examples 1 to 3]
Except for changing the composition of the dispersion composition as shown in Table 2 below, dispersion compositions (S-2) to (S-7) and (sr-1) to (sr-3) were prepared in the same manner as the dispersion composition (S-1) of Example 1. Furthermore, various evaluations were performed in the same manner as in Example 1, except that dispersion compositions (S-2) to (S-7) and (sr-1) to (sr-3) were used instead of dispersion composition (S-1). The evaluation of CNT dispersibility (organic solvent system) was performed using a dispersion composition prepared using cyclopentanone instead of distilled water as the solvent, as in (3) above in Example 1. The evaluation results of Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 are summarized in Table 2 below.

In Table 2, the numerical values for "amount blended" indicate parts by mass. The abbreviations for the compounds are as follows:
<CNT>
MWNT: Multi-walled carbon nanotubes DWNT: Double-walled carbon nanotubes SWNT: Single-walled carbon nanotubes

The results in Table 2 show that, compared to Comparative Examples 1 to 3, Examples 1 to 7 had better dispersibility of carbon nanotubes in both aqueous and organic solvent systems. Furthermore, compared to Comparative Examples 1 to 3, Examples 1 to 7 also had superior resistance to external forces, conductivity, and adhesion to the substrate. These results are thought to be due to the fact that, by introducing CNTs (guests) into the lyotropic liquid crystal field (host) created by the polymer [P], the CNTs were aligned along the molecular chains of the polymer [P], thereby improving the dispersibility of the CNTs.

3. Preparation and Evaluation of Metal Particle-Containing Dispersion Composition [Example 8]
(1) Preparation of Dispersion Composition 53 parts by mass of distilled water as a solvent was added to a container containing 45 parts by mass of titanium oxide as metal particles and 2 parts by mass of the polymer (PI-1) obtained in Synthesis Example 2. The mixture was then shaken for 10 minutes using a paint shaker to prepare a dispersion composition (S-8).

(2) Evaluation of dispersibility (aqueous system)
The dispersion composition (S-8) obtained in (1) above was allowed to stand on a flat surface for 1 day, and the dispersibility was evaluated in the same manner as in (2) of Example 1. As a result, the particle dispersibility of the dispersion composition (S-8) was "good (◯)".
(3) Evaluation of particle dispersibility (organic solvent system)
A dispersion composition was prepared in the same manner as in (1) above, except that cyclopentanone was used instead of distilled water used as the solvent in (1). The obtained dispersion composition was left standing on a flat surface, and the dispersion state was observed over time. The particle dispersibility was evaluated in the same manner as in (3) of Example 1. As a result, the particle dispersibility (organic solvent system) of the dispersion composition of this example was "fair (Δ)".

(4) Evaluation of particle coatability Coatability was evaluated in the same manner as in (4) of Example 1, except that the dispersion composition (S-8) obtained in (1) above was used. As a result, neither unevenness in film thickness nor pinholes were observed, and the coatability was evaluated as "good (◯)".
(5) Finger Press Test A finger press test was carried out in the same manner as in (6) of Example 1, except that the dispersion composition (S-8) obtained in (1) above was used, to confirm the resistance to cracking (also referred to as external force resistance or finger press resistance). As a result, in the coating film formed using this dispersion composition (S-8), no cracks were observed visually, but cracks were observed under a microscope, and therefore the finger press resistance was judged to be "fair (△)".

[Examples 9 to 19, Comparative Example 4]
Except for changing the composition of the dispersion composition as shown in Table 3 below, dispersion compositions (S-9) to (S-19) and (sr-4) were prepared in the same manner as the dispersion composition (S-8) of Example 8. In addition, various evaluations were performed in the same manner as in Example 8, except that dispersion compositions (S-9) to (S-19) and (sr-4) were used instead of dispersion composition (S-8). Note that the evaluation of particle dispersibility (organic solvent system) was performed using a dispersion composition prepared using cyclopentanone instead of distilled water as the solvent, as in (3) above of Example 8. The various evaluation results of Examples 9 to 19 and Comparative Example 4 are summarized in Table 3 below.

In Table 3, the numerical values for "amount blended" indicate parts by mass. The abbreviations for the compounds are as follows:
<Dispersant>
BYK180: BYK-Chemie DISPERBYK-180 (polyacrylic dispersant)

The results in Table 3 show that Examples 8 to 19 had better dispersibility of metal particles even in organic solvent systems than Comparative Example 4. Furthermore, Examples 8 to 19 had better resistance to external forces than Comparative Example 4.

[Second Example]
1. Polymer Synthesis [Synthesis Example 11: Synthesis of Polyamic Acid]
A three-neck flask equipped with a reflux condenser, a thermometer, and a nitrogen inlet tube was charged with 85.5 mol parts of 2,5-diaminobenzenesulfonic acid, 9.5 mol parts of paraphenylenediamine, dissolved in m-cresol, and 218 mol parts of triethylamine, followed by stirring under nitrogen. After dissolving the diamine, 100 mol parts of pyromellitic dianhydride was added and stirred at 80°C for 3 hours. The reaction concentration was adjusted to a solids content of 30%. After completion of the reaction, the reaction solution was diluted with m-cresol to a solids concentration of 15% and added dropwise to acetone to coagulate. The resulting coagulated material was filtered, washed in acetone, and vacuum dried at 120°C to obtain a polyamic acid (hereinafter referred to as "polymer (PAA-2)"). The weight-average molecular weight of the resulting polymer (PAA-2) was 151,000.

Synthesis Example 12: Synthesis of polyimide
95 mol parts of 2,3,5-tricarboxycyclopentylacetic dianhydride, 20 mol parts of cholestanyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate, 60 mol parts of 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, and 20 mol parts of 2,5-diaminobenzenesulfonic acid were dissolved in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) to obtain a polyamic acid solution with a polymer concentration of 15% by mass. NMP was added to the obtained polyamic acid solution to dilute it to a polymer concentration of 10% by mass, and then a predetermined amount of pyridine and acetic anhydride were added and the mixture was reacted at 110°C for 4 hours. The resulting reaction mixture was then poured into a large excess of methanol to precipitate the reaction product. The recovered precipitate was washed with methanol and then dried at 100°C under reduced pressure to obtain a polyimide (hereinafter referred to as "Polymer (PI-7)"). The weight-average molecular weight of the obtained Polymer (PI-7) was 202,000, and the imidization rate was 99%.

Synthesis Example 13: Synthesis of polyimide
A polyimide polymer (PI-8) was obtained in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 1, except that the types and amounts of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and diamine compound used in the reaction were changed as shown in Table 4 below, and the amount of catalyst was also changed. The imidization ratio of each polyimide is also shown in Table 4 below.

The numerical values in Table 4 show the proportion (mol %) of tetracarboxylic dianhydrides used relative to the total amount of tetracarboxylic dianhydrides used in the reaction, and the numerical values in Table 4 show the proportion (mol %) of diamine compounds used relative to the total amount of diamine compounds used in the reaction. The abbreviations for tetracarboxylic dianhydrides and diamine compounds in Table 4 are as follows:
(Tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride)
AN-1: 2,3,5-tricarboxycyclopentylacetic dianhydride AN-2: Pyromellitic dianhydride AN-4: Bicyclo[3.3.0]octane-2,4,6,8-tetracarboxylic acid 2:4,6:8-dianhydride (diamine compound)
DA-1; 2,5-diaminobenzenesulfonic acid DA-3; 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid cholestanyl DA-7; paraphenylenediamine DA-8; 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether

2. Preparation of CNT-containing dispersion composition [Preparation Example 1]
10,000 parts by mass of distilled water was added as a solvent to a container containing 5 parts by mass of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and 25 parts by mass of the polymer (PAA-2) obtained in Synthesis Example 11. Next, ultrasonic dispersion was carried out for 60 minutes to prepare a dispersion composition (S-20).
[Preparation Examples 2 to 5]
Each dispersion composition was prepared in the same manner as in Preparation Example 1, except that the formulation of the dispersion composition was changed as shown in Table 5 below.

In Table 5, the numerical values for "blended amount" indicate parts by mass. The abbreviations for CNT are as follows:
<CNT>
MWNT; Multi-wall carbon nanotubes DWNT; Double-wall carbon nanotubes SWNT; Single-wall carbon nanotubes SWNT-D; Single-wall carbon nanotubes with many defects <Dispersant>
SDBS: Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate

3. Evaluation of CNT-containing dispersion composition [Example 20]
(1) Evaluation of Coatability on Glass Substrates Coatability on glass substrates was evaluated using a shear coater (see FIG. 1) equipped with a coating roll and a doctor roll. First, the coating roll and the doctor roll were rotated in the same direction (forward rotation), and the dispersion composition (S-20) obtained in Preparation Example 1 above was transferred onto a 150 mm x 150 mm glass substrate to prepare a coating film. Note that the coating method in which the coating roll and the doctor roll are rotated forward differs from ordinary printing methods (such as offset printing, in which the rolls are rotated in reverse to apply the coating). The coating was then dried on a hot plate at 80°C for 10 minutes to form a coating film with a thickness of 0.5 μm. The evaluation was performed by visually observing whether there were any pinholes or repelling and judging it as "good (○)," and whether there were any pinholes or repelling and judging it as "poor (×)." As a result, no pinholes or repelling were observed in the coating film on the glass substrate, and the coatability on the glass substrate was evaluated as "good (○)."

(2) Evaluation of Friction and Abrasion Resistance Using a shear coating device similar to that described in (1) above, the dispersion composition (S-20) obtained in Preparation Example 1 above was shear-transfer coated onto a glass substrate, and the coating film was dried at 80 ° C. for 10 minutes to form a coating film with an average film thickness of 0.5 μm at the center of the substrate. This coating film was subjected to a rubbing treatment with an indentation length of 0.3 mm, and the friction and abrasion resistance was evaluated by measuring the change in film thickness before and after the rubbing treatment. The evaluation was as follows: when the change in film thickness was less than 20 nm, the friction and abrasion resistance was "good (○)", when the change in film thickness was 20 nm or more but less than 35 nm, the friction and abrasion resistance was "fair (△)", and when the change in film thickness was 35 nm or more, the friction and abrasion resistance was "poor (×)". In this example, the change in film thickness due to rubbing was 5 nm, so the friction and abrasion resistance was "good (○)".

(3) Evaluation of Conductivity Anisotropy Using a shear coater similar to (1) above, the dispersion composition (S-20) obtained in Preparation Example 1 above was shear-transfer coated onto a glass substrate, and the coating film was dried at 80 °C for 10 minutes to obtain a test piece. If necessary, the number of coatings was adjusted by multiple coatings so that the film thickness would be approximately 20 μm. The volume resistivity (μΩ m) of the obtained test piece was measured using a two-terminal method. The conductivity anisotropy of the test piece was measured by changing the arrangement of the two terminals with respect to the shear coating direction. The measurement was performed by arranging the two terminals parallel to the shear coating direction as parallel volume resistivity, and by arranging the two terminals perpendicular to the shear coating direction as perpendicular volume resistivity. The volume resistivity was calculated from the surface resistivity and film thickness using the following formula (EX-2). Furthermore, five measurements were performed at different measurement locations, and the average value was estimated as the volume resistivity.
Volume resistivity (μΩ・m) = surface resistivity (Ω) x film thickness (μm)
… (EX-2)
The evaluation was as follows: when the ratio of parallel volume resistivity to perpendicular volume resistivity (parallel volume resistivity/perpendicular volume resistivity) was 100 or more, the conductive anisotropy was rated as "good (◯)"; when the parallel volume resistivity/perpendicular volume resistivity was 10 or more and less than 100, the conductive anisotropy was rated as "fair (△)"; and when the parallel volume resistivity/perpendicular volume resistivity was less than 10, the conductive anisotropy was rated as "poor (×)".
As a result, the parallel volume resistivity/normal volume resistivity ratio of the test piece obtained by shear transfer coating of the dispersion composition (S-20) was 508, and was judged to be "good (◯)." Note that it can be said that the larger the value of the parallel volume resistivity/normal volume resistivity ratio, the greater the conductive anisotropy.

(4) Evaluation of Conductivity Anisotropy After Washing Using the same shear coating device as in (1) above, the dispersion composition (S-20) obtained in Preparation Example 1 above was coated on a glass substrate and dried at 80 ° C. for 10 minutes to obtain a film-like test piece. If necessary, the number of coatings was adjusted so that the film thickness was about 20 μm by coating multiple times.
Next, the coating film was washed by immersion (dipping) in distilled water for 30 seconds. The volume resistivity (μΩ·m) of the obtained test piece was measured in the same manner as in (3) above. The evaluation was as follows: when the parallel volume resistivity/perpendicular volume resistivity was 100 or more, the conductive anisotropy after washing was "good (○)", when the parallel volume resistivity/perpendicular volume resistivity was 10 or more but less than 100, the conductive anisotropy after washing was "fair (△)", and when the parallel volume resistivity/perpendicular volume resistivity was less than 10, the conductive anisotropy after washing was "poor (×)". As a result, the ratio of the parallel volume resistivity to the perpendicular volume resistivity of the test piece obtained by shear transfer coating with the dispersion composition (S-20) was 1818, and was judged to be "good (○)".

(5) Polarized Light Absorption Properties Using the same shear coating device as in (1) above, the dispersion composition (S-20) obtained in Preparation Example 1 above was applied to a glass substrate and dried at 80°C for 10 minutes to form a coating film with an average thickness of 10 μm. The substrates were arranged so that the polarization axis (polarized light transmission axis) of a single Nicol and the shear coating direction of the coating film were parallel and orthogonal (approximately 90°) to each other, and the polarized light absorption properties were evaluated by measuring the difference in transmittance between horizontal and orthogonal arrangements when omnidirectional light was incident. The evaluation was as follows: a difference in transmittance between horizontal and orthogonal arrangements of 40% or more was rated "good (○)", a difference of 25% or more but less than 40% was rated "fair (△)", and a difference of less than 25% was rated "poor (×)". As a result, the difference in transmittance between horizontal and orthogonal arrangements of the substrate was 48%, and the polarized light absorption properties were judged to be "good (○)".

(6) Evaluation of Heat Transfer Anisotropy Using the same shear coating device as in (1) above, the dispersion composition (S-20) obtained in Preparation Example 1 above was applied to a glass substrate and dried at 80°C for 10 minutes to form a 10 μm thick coating film on a 120 mm x 120 mm glass substrate. Measurement was performed by heating the center of the substrate with a laser and measuring the heat propagation time using thermography. Evaluation was performed based on the time required for a point 50 mm from the center in the x-axis direction and a point 50 mm from the center in the y-axis direction to reach the same temperature as the center (heat-up time) measured. A time difference in heat-up time of 3 seconds or more was rated "good (○)", a time difference of 1 second or more but less than 3 seconds was rated "fair (△)", and a time difference of less than 1 second was rated "poor (×)". As a result, the heat-up time difference in this example was 3.4 seconds and was judged to be "good (○)". It can be said that the larger the heat-up time difference, the greater the electrothermal anisotropy.

(7) Evaluation of heat transfer anisotropy after cleaning Using the same shear coating device as in (1) above, the dispersion composition (S-20) obtained in Preparation Example 1 above was applied to a glass substrate and dried at 80 ° C for 10 minutes to form a 10 μm thick coating film on a 120 mm × 120 mm glass substrate. Next, the substrate on which the coating film was formed was immersed (dipped) in distilled water for 30 seconds to clean the coating film. The heat transfer anisotropy of the obtained test piece was measured in the same manner as in (6) above. Evaluation was based on the time required for a point 50 mm from the center in the x-axis direction and a point 50 mm from the center in the y-axis direction to reach the same temperature as the center (heat-up time) measured. A time difference in the heat-up time of 3 seconds or more was rated "good," a time difference of 1 second or more but less than 3 seconds was rated "fair," and a time difference of less than 1 second was rated "poor." As a result, the heat-up time difference in this example was 3.2 seconds, which was judged to be "good."

(8) Evaluation of degassing resistance Using the same shear coating device as in (1) above, the dispersion composition (S-20) obtained in Preparation Example 1 above was applied to an 8-inch silicon substrate and dried at 80°C for 10 minutes to form a 10 μm thick coating film on the silicon substrate. The silicon substrate was cut into 1 cm x 5 cm pieces, and four of the cut silicon substrates were heated to 230°C at a heating rate of 10°C/min using a silicon wafer analyzer (Japan Analytical Industry Co., Ltd.'s "Thermal Desorption Apparatus JTD-505", Shimadzu Corporation's "Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer GCMS-QP2010Plus"), and the outgassing amount (ng/cm ² ) was determined when the temperature was maintained at 230°C for 15 minutes. The evaluation was as follows: if the outgassing amount was less than 200 ng/ ^cm² , it was rated as "good (◯)", if it was 200 ng/ ^cm² or more but less than 600 ng/ ^cm² , it was rated as "fair (△)", and if it was 600 ng/cm² or more, it was rated as "poor (×)". As a result, the temperature rise time difference in this example was 150 ng/ ^cm² , and it was judged to be "good".

[Examples 21 to 23, 25, and 26, and Comparative Examples 5 to 7]
Various evaluations were carried out in the same manner as in Example 20, except that the type of dispersion composition and the method of applying it to the substrate were changed as shown in Table 6 below. The evaluation results are shown in Table 6 below.
[Example 24]
The ink of a ballpoint pen with a ball diameter of 1.2 mm was sucked out of the ink reservoir with a syringe, and acetone was poured into the ink reservoir to wash and dry it. The dispersion composition (S-20) was then poured into the empty ink reservoir, and a drawing was performed to shear-transfer coat the glass substrate (see FIG. 2 ), and the coatability to the glass substrate and the polarized light absorption properties were evaluated. The coatability to the glass substrate was evaluated by visually observing the drawn line for pinholes and repelling in the same manner as in Example 20. Regarding the polarized light absorption properties, when the drawn line was visually observed through a polarizing plate, if blackening could be confirmed by rotation of the polarizing plate, the polarized light absorption properties were evaluated as "good (○)," and if blackening could not be confirmed, the polarized light absorption properties were evaluated as "poor (×)." The evaluation results are shown in Table 6 below.

In Table 6, the details of the coating method are as follows.
Transfer coating A: Shear coating was performed by rotating a coating roll and a doctor roll in the same direction using a shear coating device.
Transfer coating B: Shear coating was carried out using a ballpoint pen type method.
Transfer coating C: Transfer coating was carried out in the same manner as in transfer coating A, except that shear coating was carried out by rotating the coating roll and doctor roll in reverse using a shear coating device.
Transfer coating D: Instead of using a shear coating device equipped with a coating roll and a doctor roll, the dispersion composition was shear coated onto a glass substrate using a bar coater, and the resulting coating film was transferred to another substrate to obtain a coating film.

As shown in Table 6, by forming an anisotropic film by shear transfer coating using a dispersion composition containing a compound exhibiting lyotropic liquid crystallinity, an anisotropic film with excellent properties, including electrical conductivity anisotropy, polarized light absorption characteristics, heat transfer anisotropy, and degassing resistance, was obtained (Examples 20-26). The anisotropic films of Examples 20-26 also had excellent coatability to glass substrates and friction and abrasion resistance. In particular, Examples 20-25, which were subjected to shear transfer coating using a rotating body, received a "Good" or "Good" rating in all evaluations, and among these, Examples 20-22 received a "Good" rating in all evaluations.

Claims (6)

A dispersed material;
A dispersion medium;
a polymer [P] which is at least one selected from the group consisting of polyamic acid, polyamic acid ester, and polyimide, and which has a structural unit U1 derived from a diamine compound [D1] represented by the following formula (1) and a structural unit U2 derived from a diamine compound [D2] different from the diamine compound represented by the following formula (1);
Contains
the dispersed substance is at least one selected from the group consisting of carbon nanotubes and simple metal particles,
The diamine compound [D2] is a dispersion composition represented by the following formula (3):
(In formula (1), n is 0 or 1. When n is 0, at least one of R ¹ to R ⁴ is a monovalent group having an ionic functional group, and the rest are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a monovalent hydrocarbon group. When n is 1, at least one of R ¹ to R ⁸ is a monovalent group having an ionic functional group, and the rest are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a monovalent hydrocarbon group.)
(In formula (3), L ²¹ is a single bond, —O—, —CO—, —COO-* ¹ , —OCO-* ¹ , —NR ²⁵ —, —NR ²⁵ -CO-* ¹ , —CO-NR ²⁵ -* ¹ , an alkanediyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, —O-R ²⁶ -* ¹ , or —R ²⁶ -O-* ¹ (wherein R ²⁵ is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and R ²⁶ is an alkanediyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. “* ¹ ” indicates a bond to R ²¹ ). ^{R 21} and R ²³ are each independently a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene group, or a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene group, and R ²² is a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene group, or -R ²⁷ -B ¹ -R ²⁸ - (wherein R ²⁷ and R ²⁸ are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene group or cycloalkylene group, and B ¹ is a single bond, -O-, -COO-* ² , -OCO-* ² , -OCH ₂ -* ² , -CH ₂ O-* ² , or an alkanediyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. "* ² " indicates a bond to R ²⁸ ). The substituents on the substituted phenylene group and substituted cycloalkylene group in R ²¹ , R ²² , and R ²³ are an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a fluorine atom, or a cyano group. R ²⁴ is a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a cyano group, CH ₃ COO-* ³ (where * ³ represents a bond to R ²³ ), an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a fluoroalkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a hydrocarbon group having a steroid skeleton and having 17 to 51 carbon atoms, or a monovalent group in which at least one hydrogen atom of an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms has been substituted with a cyano group. However, when all of R ²¹ , R ²² and R ²³ are single bonds, R ²⁴ is an alkyl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, a fluoroalkyl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, a fluoroalkoxy group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, a hydrocarbon group having 17 to 51 carbon atoms and a steroid skeleton, or a monovalent group in which at least one hydrogen atom of an alkyl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms has been substituted with a cyano group. When the total number of substituted or unsubstituted phenylene groups and substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene groups possessed by R ²¹ , R ²² and R ²³ is 1, R ²⁴ is an alkyl group having 4 to 18 carbon atoms, a fluoroalkyl group having 4 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 4 to 18 carbon atoms, a fluoroalkoxy group having 4 to 18 carbon atoms, or a monovalent group in which at least one hydrogen atom of an alkyl group having 4 to 18 carbon atoms has been substituted with a cyano group. The dispersion composition according to claim 1, wherein the content of the structural unit U2 in the polymer [P] is 1 mol % or more and 80 mol % or less relative to the total amount of the structural unit U1 and the structural unit U2. the polymer [P] is a reaction product of at least one tetracarboxylic acid derivative selected from the group consisting of tetracarboxylic acid dianhydrides, tetracarboxylic acid diester compounds, and tetracarboxylic acid diester dihalides, with a diamine compound;
The dispersion composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the tetracarboxylic acid derivative is an aromatic tetracarboxylic acid derivative. A dispersant for dispersing at least one substance to be dispersed selected from the group consisting of carbon nanotubes and simple metal particles in a dispersion medium,
The polymer [P] contains at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of polyamic acid, polyamic acid ester, and polyimide, and has a structural unit U1 derived from a diamine compound [D1] represented by the following formula (1) and a structural unit U2 derived from a diamine compound [D2] different from the diamine compound represented by the following formula (1):
The diamine compound [D2] is a dispersant represented by the following formula (3):
(In formula (1), n is 0 or 1. When n is 0, at least one of R ¹ to R ⁴ is a monovalent group having an ionic functional group, and the rest are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a monovalent hydrocarbon group. When n is 1, at least one of R ¹ to R ⁸ is a monovalent group having an ionic functional group, and the rest are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a monovalent hydrocarbon group.)
(In formula (3), L ²¹ is a single bond, —O—, —CO—, —COO-* ¹ , —OCO-* ¹ , —NR ²⁵ —, —NR ²⁵ -CO-* ¹ , —CO-NR ²⁵ -* ¹ , an alkanediyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, —O-R ²⁶ -* ¹ , or —R ²⁶ -O-* ¹ (wherein R ²⁵ is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and R ²⁶ is an alkanediyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. “* ¹ ” indicates a bond to R ²¹ ). ^{R 21} and R ²³ are each independently a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene group, or a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene group, and R ²² is a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene group, or -R ²⁷ -B ¹ -R ²⁸ - (wherein R ²⁷ and R ²⁸ are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene group or cycloalkylene group, and B ¹ is a single bond, -O-, -COO-* ² , -OCO-* ² , -OCH ₂ -* ² , -CH ₂ O-* ² , or an alkanediyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. "* ² " indicates a bond to R ²⁸ ). The substituents on the substituted phenylene group and substituted cycloalkylene group in R ²¹ , R ²² , and R ²³ are an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a fluorine atom, or a cyano group. R ²⁴ is a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a cyano group, CH ₃ COO-* ³ (where * ³ represents a bond to R ²³ ), an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a fluoroalkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a hydrocarbon group having a steroid skeleton and having 17 to 51 carbon atoms, or a monovalent group in which at least one hydrogen atom of an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms has been substituted with a cyano group. However, when all of R ²¹ , R ²² and R ²³ are single bonds, R ²⁴ is an alkyl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, a fluoroalkyl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, a fluoroalkoxy group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, a hydrocarbon group having 17 to 51 carbon atoms and a steroid skeleton, or a monovalent group in which at least one hydrogen atom of an alkyl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms has been substituted with a cyano group. When the total number of substituted or unsubstituted phenylene groups and substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene groups possessed by R ²¹ , R ²² and R ²³ is 1, R ²⁴ is an alkyl group having 4 to 18 carbon atoms, a fluoroalkyl group having 4 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 4 to 18 carbon atoms, a fluoroalkoxy group having 4 to 18 carbon atoms, or a monovalent group in which at least one hydrogen atom of an alkyl group having 4 to 18 carbon atoms has been substituted with a cyano group. A step of retaining the dispersion composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3 on a support surface while applying shear stress;
transferring the dispersion composition held on the surface of the support onto a substrate;
A method for producing an anisotropic film, comprising: A holding part that holds the dispersion composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3 on a support surface while applying shear stress;
a transfer unit that transfers the dispersion composition held on the surface of the support onto a substrate;
An anisotropic film forming apparatus comprising: