JP7745230B2 - Biomass solidification product and method for producing biomass solidification product - Google Patents
Biomass solidification product and method for producing biomass solidification productInfo
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Description
本発明は、建築土木資材等に関する。 The present invention relates to construction and civil engineering materials, etc.
粉末状のカルシウム化合物を固体化する方法としては、従来から、例えば、炭酸カルシウム粉末に水を加えて所定条件で加温・加圧することにより炭酸カルシウムを固体化する方法が知られている（例えば、特許文献１参照）。しかしながら、この方法では、加温・加圧が必要であるという問題があった。近年では、省エネルギーが求められており、新しい方法の開発が望まれていた。 A known method for solidifying powdered calcium compounds is to add water to calcium carbonate powder and then heat and pressurize it under specified conditions (see, for example, Patent Document 1). However, this method has the problem of requiring heating and pressure. In recent years, there has been a demand for energy conservation, and the development of a new method has been desired.
本発明は、このような問題に基づきなされたものであり、藁に含まれる微生物を用いてカルシウム化合物を固体化したバイオマス固化体およびバイオマス固化体の製造方法を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention was developed in response to these problems, and aims to provide a biomass solidification product in which calcium compounds are solidified using microorganisms contained in straw, as well as a method for producing the biomass solidification product.
本発明のバイオマス固化体は、藁と、乳酸カルシウムと、炭酸カルシウムとを含むものである。 The biomass solidified material of the present invention contains straw, calcium lactate, and calcium carbonate.
本発明のバイオマス固化体の製造方法は、藁と、乳酸カルシウムと、水とを含む混合物を混合し、乾燥して固化する固化工程を含むものである。 The method for producing biomass solidified matter of the present invention includes a solidification step in which a mixture containing straw, calcium lactate, and water is mixed, and then dried to solidify the mixture.
本発明のバイオマス固化体によれば、藁と、乳酸カルシウムと、炭酸カルシウムとを含んでいるので、藁に含まれる微生物の機能により、容易にカルシウム化合物を固体化することができ、軽量で強度が高い多孔質体を容易に得ることができる。また、藁に含まれる微生物を生きたまま保持することができるので、吸湿または水を添加することにより、微生物が休眠から回復し、乳酸カルシウムを代謝することにより二酸化炭素（ＣＯ２）が生成され、周辺のカルシウムイオンと結合して炭酸カルシウムが生成し、強度を更に向上させることができると共に、ひび割れや亀裂等の箇所を自発的に修復することができる。 The biomass solidified body of the present invention contains straw, calcium lactate, and calcium carbonate, and therefore the calcium compounds can be easily solidified by the microorganisms contained in the straw, making it easy to obtain a lightweight, strong, porous body. Furthermore, because the microorganisms contained in the straw can be kept alive, the microorganisms can be restored from dormancy by absorbing moisture or adding water, and the microorganisms metabolize the calcium lactate to produce carbon dioxide ( CO2 ), which then combines with surrounding calcium ions to produce calcium carbonate, further improving the strength and allowing cracks and other imperfections to spontaneously repair themselves.
本発明のバイオマス固化体の製造方法によれば、藁と、乳酸カルシウムと、水とを含む混合物を混合し、乾燥することにより、藁に含まれる微生物の機能により、容易に本発明のバイオマス固化体を得ることができる。また、任意の形状に容易に成形することができる。 According to the biomass solidification manufacturing method of the present invention, by mixing a mixture containing straw, calcium lactate, and water and drying it, the biomass solidification of the present invention can be easily obtained by utilizing the functions of the microorganisms contained in the straw. Furthermore, it can be easily molded into any shape.
以下、本発明の実施の形態について図面を参照して詳細に説明する。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.
本発明の一実施の形態に係るバイオマス固化体は、藁と、乳酸カルシウムと、炭酸カルシウムとを含んでおり、更に、微生物であるプリスティア アリアバッタイ（Ｐｒｉｅｓｔｉａ ａｒｙａｂｈａｔｔａｉ）、および、プリスティア メガテリウム（Ｐｒｉｅｓｔｉａ ｍｅｇａｔｅｒｉｕｍ）を含んでいることが好ましい。これらの微生物は藁に含まれているものであり、このバイオマス固化体は、藁に含まれるこれらの微生物の機能により炭酸カルシウムが析出して固化されたものと考えられる。なお、プリスティア アリアバッタイ（Ｐｒｉｅｓｔｉａ ａｒｙａｂｈａｔｔａｉ）は、ライプニッツ研究所ＤＳＭＺ-ドイツの微生物および細胞培養コレクション（The Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures）が公開するhttps://www.dsmz.de/collection/catalogue/details/culture/DSM-3228にコードB8W22として記載され、プリスティア メガテリウム（Ｐｒｉｅｓｔｉａ ｍｅｇａｔｅｒｉｕｍ）は、ライプニッツ研究所ＤＳＭＺ-ドイツの微生物および細胞培養コレクション（The Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures）が公開するhttps://www.dsmz.de/collection/catalogue/details/culture/DSM-32にコードDSM32として記載されており、出願前に自由もしくは有価で分譲され得るものであった。 A biomass solidified material according to one embodiment of the present invention contains straw, calcium lactate, and calcium carbonate, and preferably further contains the microorganisms Priestia aryabhattai and Priestia megaterium. These microorganisms are found in the straw, and it is believed that the biomass solidified material is formed by the precipitation of calcium carbonate due to the function of the microorganisms contained in the straw. Priestia aryabhattai is listed as code B8W22 in the catalogue published by the Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures at https://www.dsmz.de/collection/catalogue/details/culture/DSM-3228, and Priestia megaterium is listed as code DSM32 in the catalogue published by the Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures at https://www.dsmz.de/collection/catalogue/details/culture/DSM-32, and were available for free or for purchase prior to filing.
藁は微生物を生きたまま保持する機能を有している。また、藁の表面が微生物の増殖に有利に働くものと考えられる。微生物は水がない状態では休眠して生きたまま藁に保持され、水が加えられると、休眠から回復し増殖を再開する。乳酸カルシウムは微生物の栄養となるものである。これにより、このバイオマス固化体では、吸湿または水の添加により、微生物が休眠から回復し、乳酸カルシウムを代謝することにより二酸化炭素（ＣＯ２）が生成され、周辺のカルシウムイオンと結合して炭酸カルシウムを生成し、強度が向上していくと共に、ひび割れや亀裂等の箇所が自発的に修復されるという特性を有している。 Straw has the function of keeping microorganisms alive. It is also thought that the surface of straw favors the proliferation of microorganisms. Microorganisms remain dormant and alive in the straw when there is no water, and when water is added, they recover from dormancy and resume proliferation. Calcium lactate serves as a nutrient for microorganisms. As a result, in this biomass solidified body, when moisture is absorbed or water is added, the microorganisms recover from dormancy, and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is produced by metabolizing calcium lactate, which combines with surrounding calcium ions to produce calcium carbonate, improving strength and allowing cracks and other damage to spontaneously repair.
このバイオマス固化体は、例えば、スポンジ状の多孔質体であり、軽量で強度が高いという特性を有している。また、このバイオマス固化体は、吸湿又は水の添加と乾燥とを繰り返すことにより、より硬度が高くなるという特性も有している。藁の形状は特に限定されるものではなく、粉砕されていても、粉砕されていなくてもよい。バイオマス固化体における藁の割合は、例えば、４０質量％以上６０質量％以下であることが好ましく、４５質量％以上５５質量％以下であればより好ましい。この範囲内においてより高い強度を得ることができるからである。 This biomass solidified body is, for example, a sponge-like porous body, and has the characteristics of being lightweight and strong. Furthermore, this biomass solidified body also has the characteristic of becoming harder through repeated moisture absorption or addition of water and drying. The shape of the straw is not particularly limited, and it may be crushed or uncrushed. The proportion of straw in the biomass solidified body is, for example, preferably 40% by mass or more and 60% by mass or less, and more preferably 45% by mass or more and 55% by mass or less. This is because greater strength can be achieved within this range.
このバイオマス固化体の製造方法は、藁と、乳酸カルシウムと、水とを含む混合物を混合し、乾燥して固化する固化工程を含んでいる。混合物には、微生物であるプリスティア アリアバッタイ（Ｐｒｉｅｓｔｉａ ａｒｙａｂｈａｔｔａｉ）、および、プリスティア メガテリウム（Ｐｒｉｅｓｔｉａ ｍｅｇａｔｅｒｉｕｍ）を含んでいることが好ましい。これらの微生物は、藁に含まれている。藁は粉砕しても、しなくてもよい。混合物における藁の割合は、例えば、１３質量％以上２０質量％以下とすることが好ましく、１５質量％以上１９質量％以下とすればより好ましい。藁の割合がこれよりも少ないと強度の低下がみられ、藁の割合がこれにより多いと混合作業が大変になるからである。水は混合時におけるバインダーとしての役割を有すると共に、微生物の代謝が発生する環境として機能する。 This method for producing biomass solidified products includes a solidification process in which a mixture containing straw, calcium lactate, and water is mixed, dried, and solidified. The mixture preferably contains the microorganisms Priestia aryabhattai and Priestia megaterium. These microorganisms are contained in the straw. The straw may or may not be crushed. The straw content in the mixture is preferably, for example, between 13% and 20% by mass, and more preferably between 15% and 19% by mass. A lower straw content results in a decrease in strength, while a higher straw content makes the mixing process more difficult. Water acts as a binder during mixing and also provides an environment in which microbial metabolism occurs.
混合時および乾燥時は、加熱または冷却する必要はなく、常温、すなわち、熱したり冷やしたりしない自然な温度で行うことができる。また、混合した後、乾燥前に、所定の形状に成形するようにしてもよく、固化した後に、所定の形状に成形するようにしてもよい。例えば、板状に成形し、乾燥・固化した後、複数の板状の固化物を重ねて、少なくとも各固化物の間に水を加えることにより、所定の厚みを有するように成形してもよい。 Mixing and drying do not require heating or cooling; they can be done at room temperature, i.e., at a natural temperature without heating or cooling. Furthermore, after mixing and before drying, the mixture may be molded into a desired shape, or after solidification, it may be molded into a desired shape. For example, after forming into a plate, drying and solidifying, multiple plate-shaped solidified products may be stacked and water may be added at least between each solidified product to form it into a desired thickness.
更に、固化工程の後、固化工程により得られた固化物を粉砕し、この粉砕物に水を加えて混合し、乾燥して再固化する再固化工程を含んでいてもよい。再固化することにより、より強度を高くすることができると共に、空隙率及び細孔径等を調整することもできる。また、再固化することにより、形状を任意に調整することもできる。 Furthermore, after the solidification step, a re-solidification step may be included in which the solidified material obtained in the solidification step is pulverized, water is added to the pulverized material, the mixture is mixed, and the material is dried and re-solidified. By re-solidifying, it is possible to increase the strength and also to adjust the porosity, pore size, etc. Furthermore, by re-solidifying, it is possible to adjust the shape as desired.
このバイオマス固化体は、例えば、壁材、床材、屋根材等の建築土木資材として用いることができる。 This biomass solidification can be used, for example, as building and civil engineering materials such as wall materials, floor materials, and roofing materials.
このように本実施の形態のバイオマス固化体によれば、藁と、乳酸カルシウムと、炭酸カルシウムとを含んでいるので、藁に含まれる微生物の機能により、容易にカルシウム化合物を固体化することができ、軽量で強度が高い多孔質体を容易に得ることができる。また、藁に含まれる微生物を生きたまま保持することができるので、吸湿または水を添加することにより、微生物が休眠から回復し、乳酸カルシウムを代謝することにより二酸化炭素が生成され、周辺のカルシウムイオンと結合して炭酸カルシウムが生成し、強度を更に向上させることができると共に、ひび割れや亀裂等の箇所を自発的に修復することができる。 As described above, the biomass solidified body of this embodiment contains straw, calcium lactate, and calcium carbonate. Therefore, the calcium compounds can be easily solidified by the microorganisms contained in the straw, making it easy to obtain a lightweight, strong, porous body. Furthermore, because the microorganisms contained in the straw can be kept alive, the microorganisms can be restored from dormancy by absorbing moisture or adding water. They metabolize calcium lactate to produce carbon dioxide, which then combines with surrounding calcium ions to produce calcium carbonate, further improving strength and enabling the spontaneous repair of cracks and other imperfections.
また、本実施の形態のバイオマス固化体の製造方法によれば、藁と、乳酸カルシウムと、水とを含む混合物を混合し、乾燥することにより、藁に含まれる微生物の機能により、容易に本発明のバイオマス固化体を得ることができる。また、任意の形状に容易に成形することができる。 Furthermore, according to the method for producing biomass solidified matter of this embodiment, by mixing a mixture containing straw, calcium lactate, and water and drying it, the biomass solidified matter of the present invention can be easily obtained by utilizing the functions of the microorganisms contained in the straw. It can also be easily molded into any shape.
粉砕した藁３７．５ｇと、乳酸カルシウム３５．０ｇと、水０．２１６リットル～０．１１５リットルとの混合物を混合し、板状に成形した後、常温において３日間放置して乾燥させたところ、固化し、板状の多孔質体の固化物であるバイオマス固化体が得られた。得られたバイオマス固化体における藁の割合は、４５質量％から５５質量％であった。図１に、得られたバイオマス固化体を示す。 A mixture of 37.5 g of crushed straw, 35.0 g of calcium lactate, and 0.216 L to 0.115 L of water was mixed and formed into a plate. After leaving it to dry at room temperature for three days, the mixture solidified into a plate-shaped porous solidified biomass product. The straw content in the resulting biomass product was 45% to 55% by mass. Figure 1 shows the resulting biomass product.
得られたバイオマス固化体に含まれる微生物を調べたところ、プリスティア アリアバッタイ（Ｐｒｉｅｓｔｉａ ａｒｙａｂｈａｔｔａｉ）、および、プリスティア メガテリウム（Ｐｒｉｅｓｔｉａ ｍｅｇａｔｅｒｉｕｍ）を含んでいることが確認された。なお、微生物は、１６ＳｒＤＮＡ（１６ＳｒＲＮＡ遺伝子）の塩基配列解析の結果から検体を同定した。解析は株式会社テクノスルガ・ラボにおいて行った。 An examination of the microorganisms contained in the obtained solidified biomass confirmed that it contained Priestia aryabhattai and Priestia megaterium. The microorganisms were identified through analysis of the base sequence of 16S rDNA (16S rRNA gene). The analysis was carried out by Techno Suruga Lab, Inc.
また、得られた複数の固化物の表面に水をかけた後、各固化物を重ね、常温において３日間放置して乾燥させたところ、各固化物が結合することが確認された。更に、得られた固化物を粉砕し、水を加えて混合し、常温において３日間放置して乾燥させたところ、再固化することが確認された。 Furthermore, when water was poured onto the surfaces of the obtained solidified materials, the materials were stacked on top of each other and left to dry at room temperature for three days, and it was confirmed that the solidified materials bonded together. Furthermore, when the obtained solidified materials were crushed, mixed with water, and left to dry at room temperature for three days, it was confirmed that they re-solidified.
なお、混合物における藁の割合を１３質量％よりも少なくしてバイオマス固化体を製造したところ、藁の割合を１３質量％以上とした場合に比べて、バイオマス固化体の強度が低下する傾向がみられた。 When biomass solidification products were produced with a straw content of less than 13% by mass in the mixture, the strength of the biomass solidification products tended to decrease compared to when the straw content was 13% by mass or more.
以上、実施の形態を挙げて本発明を説明したが、本発明は上記実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、種々変形可能である。例えば、各構成要素について具体的に説明したが、各構成要素の具体的な構造や形状は異なっていてもよい。更に、上述した構成要素を全て備えていなくてもよく、他の構成要素を備えていてもよい。 The present invention has been described above using embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments and can be modified in various ways. For example, while each component has been described in detail, the specific structure and shape of each component may be different. Furthermore, it is not necessary to include all of the components described above, and other components may be included.
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