JP7747720B2 - Blast furnace blower and blast furnace blower control system - Google Patents
Blast furnace blower and blast furnace blower control systemInfo
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Description
本発明は、高炉用送風機及び高炉用送風機の制御システムに関し、より詳しくは、送風機の前後の圧力比を検知しながら吸込弁及び放風弁の開閉を行わせることにより、サージングを防止しつつ高炉への送風を起動できる高炉用送風機及び高炉用送風機の制御システムに関する。 The present invention relates to a blast furnace blower and a control system for the blast furnace blower. More specifically, the present invention relates to a blast furnace blower and a control system for the blast furnace blower that can start blowing air to the blast furnace while preventing surging by opening and closing the suction valve and blow-off valve while detecting the pressure ratio before and after the blower.
高炉用送風機は、高炉(blast furnace)を操業するうえでの最重要設備であり、十分な信頼性が求められるエネルギー設備である。 Blast furnace blowers are the most important equipment for operating a blast furnace, and are energy equipment that requires high reliability.
特許文献１には、高炉の熱風炉切換期間中に、放風運転を行っている高炉送風制御方法が開示されている。この制御方法は、送風中の熱風炉に通風しながら燃焼中の熱風炉充圧するため、高炉への送風流量、送風圧力の変動が生ずる課題がある。 Patent Document 1 discloses a blast furnace air blast control method in which air is blown out during the blast furnace's hot stove switching period. This control method has the problem of causing fluctuations in the air blast flow rate and pressure to the blast furnace because the hot stove is pressurized during combustion while ventilating the hot stove during air blast.
特許文献２には、サージング防止を図ることを目的とした高炉用送風機の運転方法が開示されている。 Patent Document 2 discloses a method for operating a blast furnace blower with the aim of preventing surging.
ところで、高炉建設時の最初の火入れに際しては、それまで停止していた送風機を起動させて高炉の送風することになる。また、高炉は通常、１ヶ月に１回程度、停止（休風）し、そのタイミングで送風機も停止させるので、その後、停止していた送風機を起動させて高炉の送風することになる。 When a blast furnace is first lit after construction, the blowers, which had been shut off until then, are started up to ventilate the furnace. Also, blast furnaces are typically shut down (ventilation shutdown) about once a month, and the blowers are also shut down at that time, so after that, the shut-off blowers are started up again to ventilate the furnace.
送風機の起動直後は、送風機への吸込風量を調整する吸込弁が、起動位置である微開状態であり、不安定な運転状態である。そのため、送風機の起動後、速やかに（例えば、２０分以内に）吸込弁を開放するとともに放風弁を閉鎖し、最低負荷運転へ移行させなければならない。放風弁は、送風機から外気に放出される風量を調整する弁である。 Immediately after starting the blower, the suction valve, which adjusts the amount of air drawn into the blower, is in its starting position, slightly open, causing the blower to operate in an unstable state. Therefore, after starting the blower, the suction valve must be opened and the blow-off valve closed promptly (for example, within 20 minutes) to transition to minimum load operation. The blow-off valve adjusts the amount of air released from the blower into the outside air.
吸込弁の開放に合わせて、送風機の前後の圧力比が一定となるように放風弁を閉鎖させるには、吸込弁が低開度の状態では、Ｃｖ値変化が大きいため、放風弁の応答が大きくなり、送風圧力のハンチング、放風弁の急速閉鎖（圧力比の急上昇や、サージングトリップ）が発生する虞がある。 When closing the blow-off valve in accordance with the opening of the suction valve so that the pressure ratio before and after the blower remains constant, if the suction valve is at a low opening, the Cv value changes significantly, causing the blow-off valve to respond more quickly, which could result in hunting of the blow-off pressure or sudden closure of the blow-off valve (a sudden rise in the pressure ratio or a surging trip).
本発明は、このような従来事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、送風機の前後の圧力比を検知しながら吸込弁及び放風弁の開閉を行わせることにより、サージングを防止しつつ高炉への送風を起動できる高炉用送風機及び高炉用送風機の制御システムを提供することを課題とする。 The present invention was made in consideration of these conventional circumstances, and aims to provide a blast furnace blower and a blast furnace blower control system that can start blowing air to a blast furnace while preventing surging by opening and closing the suction valve and blow-off valve while detecting the pressure ratio before and after the blower.
さらに本発明の他の課題は、以下の記載によって明らかとなる。 Further objects of the present invention will become apparent from the following description.
上記課題は以下の発明によって解決される。 The above problem is solved by the following invention.
（請求項１）
回転操作される複数の動翼及び角度調整可能な複数の静翼を有し、高炉（１０１）に送風する送風機本体（１）と、
前記送風機本体（１）の吸込側に配置された吸込管（３）に設けられ、吸込風量を調整する吸込弁（４）と、
前記送風機本体（１）の吐出側に配置された前記高炉（１０１）に繋がる送風管（６）に設けられ、開閉を切換える吐出仕切弁（９）と、
前記送風機本体（１）の吐出側に配置された前記高炉（１０１）に繋がる送風管（６）から分岐された放風管（１１）に設けられ、放風量を調整する放風弁（１４）と、
前記吸込管（３）内の前記吸込弁（４）と前記送風機本体（１）との間の圧力を計測する吸込圧力センサ（５）と、
前記送風管（１）内の前記放風管（１１）への分岐部（１２）より上流の圧力を計測する送風圧力センサ（１７）と、
前記吸込圧力センサ（５）及び前記送風圧力センサ（１７）から各々の計測圧力が入力され、入力された各計測圧力に基づいて、前記静翼の角度（１ａ）、前記吸込弁（４）の開度（４ａ）、前記放風弁（１４、１５）の開度（１４ａ、１５ａ）、及び、前記吐出仕切弁（９）の開閉を制御する制御部(２１)と
を備え、
前記制御部(２１)は、
前記送風機本体の前記静翼角度（１ａ）を予め設定された起動角度に調整し、前記吸込弁（４）の開度（４ａ）を微開に調整し、前記放風弁（１４、１５）の開度（１４ａ、１５ａ）を全開に調整し、前記送風機本体（１）の前記動翼を回転させる電動機（１ｃ）を起動させ、前記動翼を回転させて動翼回転数（１ｂ）を定格回転数とした吸込絞り運転を実行し、
前記吸込弁（４）の開度（４ａ）を微開としたままで、前記吸込圧力センサ（５）の計測圧力及び前記送風圧力センサ（１７）の計測圧力の比である計測圧力比が、設定された目標圧力比に到達するまで、圧力比ＰＩＤ制御により前記放風弁（１４、１５）の開度（１４ａ、１５ａ）を減少させていき、
前記計測圧力比が前記目標圧力比に到達した後、前記吸込圧力センサ（５）の計測圧力が目標圧力以上となるまで、ステップ応答制御により、前記吸込弁（４）の開度（４ａ）を徐々に増大させるとともに、圧力制御により、前記放風弁（１４、１５）の開度（１４ａ、１５ａ）を徐々に減少させて、前記計測圧力比を一定に維持させ、
前記吸込弁（４）の開度（４ａ）が全開となったときに、前記吐出仕切弁（９）を開いて前記高炉（１０１）への送風を開始し、最低負荷運転を実行する
ことを特徴とする高炉用送風機。
（請求項２）
請求項１に記載の高炉用送風機における制御部（２１）に用いられる制御システムであって、
前記送風機本体の前記静翼角度（１ａ）を予め設定された起動角度に調整し、前記吸込弁（４）の開度（４ａ）を微開に調整し、前記放風弁（１４、１５）の開度（１４ａ、１５ａ）を全開に調整し、前記送風機本体（１）の前記動翼を回転させる電動機（１ｃ）を起動させ、前記動翼を回転させて動翼回転数（１ｂ）を定格回転数とした吸込絞り運転を実行し、
前記吸込弁（４）の開度（４ａ）を微開としたままで、前記吸込圧力センサ（５）の計測圧力及び前記送風圧力センサ（１７）の計測圧力の比である計測圧力比が、設定された目標圧力比に到達するまで、圧力比ＰＩＤ制御により前記放風弁（１４、１５）の開度（１４ａ、１５ａ）を減少させてゆき、
前記計測圧力比が前記目標圧力比に到達した後、前記吸込圧力センサ（５）の計測圧力が目標圧力以上となるまで、ステップ応答制御により、前記吸込弁（４）の開度（４ａ）を徐々に増大させるとともに、圧力制御により、前記放風弁（１４、１５）の開度（１４ａ、１５ａ）を徐々に減少させて、前記計測圧力比を一定に維持させ、
前記吸込弁（４）の開度（４ａ）が全開となったときに、前記吐出仕切弁（９）を開いて前記高炉（１０１）への送風を開始し、最低負荷運転を実行する
ことを特徴とする、高炉用送風機の制御システム。
(Claim 1)
a blower body (1) having a plurality of rotating blades and a plurality of angle-adjustable stator blades, for blowing air into a blast furnace (101);
a suction valve (4) provided in a suction pipe (3) arranged on the suction side of the blower body (1) for adjusting the amount of suction air;
a discharge sluice valve (9) provided in a blower pipe (6) connected to the blast furnace (101) disposed on the discharge side of the blower body (1), and adapted to switch between opening and closing;
a blower valve (14) provided in a blower pipe (11) branched from a blower pipe (6) connected to the blast furnace (101) disposed on the discharge side of the blower body (1), for adjusting the amount of blown air;
a suction pressure sensor (5) for measuring the pressure between the suction valve (4) in the suction pipe (3) and the blower body (1);
an air pressure sensor (17) for measuring the pressure upstream of a branching portion (12) into the air discharge pipe (11) in the air blowing pipe (1);
a control unit (21) that receives measured pressures from the suction pressure sensor (5) and the blow-off pressure sensor (17) and controls the angle (1a) of the stator vane (1a), the opening degree (4a) of the suction valve (4), the opening degree (14a, 15a) of the blow-off valve (14, 15), and the opening/closing of the discharge gate valve (9) based on the measured pressures that have been input;
The control unit (21)
the stator blade angle (1a) of the blower body is adjusted to a preset start angle, the opening degree (4a) of the suction valve (4) is adjusted to a slight opening, the opening degrees (14a, 15a) of the blow-off valves (14, 15) are adjusted to a full opening, an electric motor (1c) that rotates the rotor blades of the blower body (1) is started, the rotor blades are rotated, and a suction throttle operation is performed with the rotor blade rotation speed (1b) set to a rated rotation speed;
While keeping the opening (4a) of the suction valve (4) slightly open, the openings (14a, 15a) of the blow-off valves (14, 15) are reduced by pressure ratio PID control until a measured pressure ratio, which is a ratio of the measured pressure of the suction pressure sensor (5) to the measured pressure of the blow-off pressure sensor (17), reaches a set target pressure ratio;
After the measured pressure ratio reaches the target pressure ratio, the opening (4a) of the suction valve (4) is gradually increased by step response control until the measured pressure of the suction pressure sensor (5) becomes equal to or greater than the target pressure, and the openings (14a, 15a) of the blow-off valves (14, 15) are gradually decreased by pressure control, thereby maintaining the measured pressure ratio constant;
When the opening (4a) of the suction valve (4) is fully opened, the discharge gate valve (9) is opened to start blowing air to the blast furnace (101), thereby performing a minimum load operation.
(Claim 2)
A control system used in a control unit (21) in the blast furnace blower according to claim 1,
the stator blade angle (1a) of the blower body is adjusted to a preset start angle, the opening degree (4a) of the suction valve (4) is adjusted to a slight opening, the opening degrees (14a, 15a) of the blow-off valves (14, 15) are adjusted to a full opening, an electric motor (1c) that rotates the rotor blades of the blower body (1) is started, the rotor blades are rotated, and a suction throttle operation is performed with the rotor blade rotation speed (1b) set to a rated rotation speed;
While keeping the opening (4a) of the suction valve (4) slightly open, the openings (14a, 15a) of the blow-off valves (14, 15) are gradually reduced by pressure ratio PID control until a measured pressure ratio, which is a ratio of the measured pressure of the suction pressure sensor (5) to the measured pressure of the blow-off pressure sensor (17), reaches a set target pressure ratio;
After the measured pressure ratio reaches the target pressure ratio, the opening (4a) of the suction valve (4) is gradually increased by step response control until the measured pressure of the suction pressure sensor (5) becomes equal to or greater than the target pressure, and the openings (14a, 15a) of the blow-off valves (14, 15) are gradually decreased by pressure control, thereby maintaining the measured pressure ratio constant;
When the opening (4a) of the suction valve (4) is fully opened, the discharge gate valve (9) is opened to start blowing air to the blast furnace (101), thereby performing a minimum load operation.
本発明は、送風機の前後の圧力比を検知しながら吸込弁及び放風弁の開閉を行わせることにより、サージングを防止しつつ高炉への送風を起動できる高炉用送風機及び高炉用送風機の制御システムを提供できる。 The present invention provides a blast furnace blower and a blast furnace blower control system that can start blowing air to a blast furnace while preventing surging by opening and closing the suction valve and blow-off valve while detecting the pressure ratio before and after the blower.
以下に図面を参照して本発明の実施の形態について詳細に説明する。 The following describes in detail an embodiment of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
本発明に係る高炉用送風機は、高炉の建設時の最初の火入れに際しての送風機本体の起動や、停止（休風）後の送風機本体の起動において、吸込弁の開度及び放風弁の開度を自動制御して、サージングを防止しつつ高炉への送風を自動的に起動できるようにするものである。
また、本発明に係る高炉用送風機は、高炉の新設時に高炉とともに構成することもできるし、既設の高炉に適用することもできる。
The blast furnace blower of the present invention automatically controls the opening of the suction valve and the opening of the blower valve when starting the blower body at the initial lighting of the blast furnace during construction, or when starting the blower body after stopping (blowing off), so that it can automatically start blowing air to the blast furnace while preventing surging.
Furthermore, the blast furnace blower according to the present invention can be constructed together with a blast furnace when the blast furnace is newly constructed, or can be applied to an existing blast furnace.
図１は、本発明の実施形態に係る高炉用送風機を模式的に示す図である。 Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing a blast furnace blower according to an embodiment of the present invention.
高炉１０１には、熱風炉１０２により昇温させた圧縮空気が供給される。熱風炉１０２は、燃焼及び圧縮と、高炉１０１への供給とを繰り返す。 Compressed air heated by the hot stove 102 is supplied to the blast furnace 101. The hot stove 102 repeatedly burns, compresses, and supplies the air to the blast furnace 101.
実施形態に係る高炉用送風機は、高炉１０１の熱風炉１０２に送風する送風機本体１を備えている。この送風機本体１は、軸流圧縮機であり、電動機１ｃにより回転操作される複数の動翼及び角度調整可能な複数の静翼を備えている。 The blast furnace blower according to this embodiment includes a blower body 1 that blows air into the hot stove 102 of the blast furnace 101. This blower body 1 is an axial flow compressor and includes multiple rotor blades that are rotated by an electric motor 1c and multiple stator blades whose angles are adjustable.
複数の動翼は、図示しないが、例えば略円筒状のケーシング内で回転駆動される略円筒状のロータの外周面に立設されている。複数の静翼は、例えばケーシングの内周面に立設されている。各静翼は、図２に示す制御部２１により、角度調整が可能である。制御部２１では、本発明の高炉用送風機の制御システムが実行される。 The multiple rotor blades, not shown, are provided, for example, on the outer peripheral surface of a substantially cylindrical rotor that is rotated within a substantially cylindrical casing. The multiple stator vanes are provided, for example, on the inner peripheral surface of the casing. The angle of each stator vane can be adjusted by the control unit 21 shown in Figure 2. The control unit 21 executes the control system for the blast furnace blower of the present invention.
送風機本体１には、空気濾過器２を経て、送風機本体１の吸込側に配置された吸込管３から清浄された外気が吸込まれる。吸込管３には、吸込弁４が設けられている。吸込弁４は、吸込管３内を通過する吸込風量を調整する。また、吸込管３には、吸込圧力センサ５が設けられている。吸込圧力センサ５は、吸込管３内の吸込弁４と送風機本体１との間の圧力を計測し、計測値を出力する。 Clean outside air is drawn into the blower body 1 through the air filter 2 and the suction pipe 3, which is located on the suction side of the blower body 1. The suction pipe 3 is provided with an suction valve 4. The suction valve 4 adjusts the amount of suction air passing through the suction pipe 3. The suction pipe 3 is also provided with an suction pressure sensor 5. The suction pressure sensor 5 measures the pressure between the suction valve 4 in the suction pipe 3 and the blower body 1, and outputs the measured value.
送風機本体１の吐出側には、高炉１０１の熱風炉１０２に繋がる送風管６が配置されている。送風管６には、逆止弁７、チョーク防止弁８、吐出仕切弁９が順次例えば直列に設けられている。 A blower duct 6 connected to the hot stove 102 of the blast furnace 101 is arranged on the discharge side of the blower main body 1. A check valve 7, a choke prevention valve 8, and a discharge gate valve 9 are provided in series, for example, in the blower duct 6.
送風管６には、分岐管として放風管１１が設けられている。放風管１１は、送風管６からの分岐部１２から放風サイレンサ１３に至る配管である。放風サイレンサ１３は、送風機本体１からの送風が放風管１１を経て放出されるときの騒音を低減させる。 The blower duct 6 is provided with a branch pipe, the discharge duct 11. The discharge duct 11 is a pipe that runs from a branch point 12 from the blower duct 6 to a discharge silencer 13. The discharge silencer 13 reduces noise when the air blown from the blower main body 1 is released through the discharge duct 11.
放風管１１には、主放風弁１４が設けられている。主放風弁１４には、副放風弁１５が並列に設けられている。つまり、副放風弁１５は、主放風弁１４の上流位置から主放風弁１４の下流位置に至るバイパス管１６に設けられている。主放風弁１４及び副放風弁１５は、放風管１１を経る放風量を調整する。主放風弁１４は、放風管１１を経る放風量を大幅に調整し、副放風弁１５は、放風管１１を経る放風量を微調整する。 A main blow-off valve 14 is provided in the blow-off duct 11. A secondary blow-off valve 15 is provided in parallel to the main blow-off valve 14. In other words, the secondary blow-off valve 15 is provided in a bypass pipe 16 that runs from a position upstream of the main blow-off valve 14 to a position downstream of the main blow-off valve 14. The main blow-off valve 14 and secondary blow-off valve 15 adjust the amount of air discharged through the blow-off duct 11. The main blow-off valve 14 largely adjusts the amount of air discharged through the blow-off duct 11, while the secondary blow-off valve 15 finely adjusts the amount of air discharged through the blow-off duct 11.
送風管６には、送風圧力センサ１７が設けられている。送風圧力センサ１７は、送風管６内の放風管１１への分岐部１２より上流の圧力を計測し、計測値を出力する。 The air supply duct 6 is provided with an air supply pressure sensor 17. The air supply pressure sensor 17 measures the pressure upstream of the branch point 12 to the discharge duct 11 in the air supply duct 6 and outputs the measured value.
図２は、実施形態に係る高炉用送風機の制御部の作用を示すブロック図である。 Figure 2 is a block diagram showing the operation of the control unit of the blast furnace blower according to the embodiment.
この高炉用送風機は、図２に示すように、制御部２１を備えている。制御部２１は、吸込圧力センサ５及び送風圧力センサ１７から各々の計測圧力が入力され、入力された各計測圧力に基づいて、送風機本体１の静翼角度１ａ、吸込弁４の開度４ａ、主放風弁１４の開度１４ａ、副放風弁１５の開度１５ａ、逆止弁７の開閉、チョーク防止弁８の開閉、吐出仕切弁９の開閉を制御する。 As shown in Figure 2, this blast furnace blower is equipped with a control unit 21. The control unit 21 receives the measured pressures from the suction pressure sensor 5 and the blowing pressure sensor 17, and controls the stator blade angle 1a of the blower main body 1, the opening degree 4a of the suction valve 4, the opening degree 14a of the main blowing valve 14, the opening degree 15a of the auxiliary blowing valve 15, the opening and closing of the check valve 7, the opening and closing of the choke prevention valve 8, and the opening and closing of the discharge gate valve 9 based on the input measured pressures.
なお、本発明に係る高炉用送風機を、既設の高炉に適用する場合には、既設の高炉に付設された既設の高炉用送風機と置換して設けることができる。
または、既設の高炉に付設された既設の高炉用送風機に対して、制御部２１及び制御に必要なセンサや開閉弁を追設することによっても構成することができる。
When the blast furnace blower according to the present invention is applied to an existing blast furnace, it can be installed in place of an existing blast furnace blower attached to the existing blast furnace.
Alternatively, the control unit 21 and sensors and on-off valves required for control can be added to an existing blast furnace blower attached to an existing blast furnace.
図３は、実施形態に係る高炉用送風機における制御内容を示すタイムチャートである。
この高炉用送風機においては、制御部２１は、図３に示すように、以下の制御を実行する。
FIG. 3 is a time chart showing the control content in the blast furnace blower according to the embodiment.
In this blast furnace blower, the control unit 21 executes the following control as shown in FIG.
〔１〕起動準備及び送風機本体１の起動
送風機本体１の静翼角度１ａを予め設定された起動角度（例えば、－１５°）に調整し、吸込弁４の開度４ａを微開（例えば、１５％開）に調整し、主放風弁１４の開度１４ａ、及び副放風弁１５の開度１５ａを全開（１００％開）に調整する。送風管６の逆止弁７、チョーク防止弁８、吐出仕切弁９は全て閉じる（０％開）。
これによって、空気濾過器２を経て、放風サイレンサ１３に至る送風流路が完成する。
[1] Start-up preparation and startup of the blower main body 1 The stator blade angle 1a of the blower main body 1 is adjusted to a preset startup angle (for example, -15°), the opening 4a of the suction valve 4 is adjusted to a slight opening (for example, 15% opening), and the opening 14a of the main blow-off valve 14 and the opening 15a of the auxiliary blow-off valve 15 are adjusted to full opening (100% opening). The check valve 7, anti-choke valve 8, and discharge gate valve 9 of the blower duct 6 are all closed (0% opening).
This completes the air flow path that passes through the air filter 2 and reaches the air discharge silencer 13.
送風機本体１の動翼を回転させる電動機１ｃを起動させ、動翼を回転させて動翼回転数１ｂを定格回転数（例えば、３，０００ｒｐｍ）とした吸込絞り運転を実行する。本実施形態においては、送風機本体１の電源は三相交流であり、電源投入は、交流電源の周期に対して同期させる同期投入を行う。 The electric motor 1c that rotates the rotor blades of the blower main body 1 is started, causing the rotor blades to rotate, and suction throttling operation is performed with the rotor blade rotation speed 1b set to the rated rotation speed (e.g., 3,000 rpm). In this embodiment, the power source for the blower main body 1 is three-phase AC, and power is turned on in synchronization with the AC power supply cycle.
〔２〕最低負荷運転への移行(１)
吸込弁４の開度４ａを微開としたままで、吸込圧力センサ５の計測圧力及び送風圧力センサ１７の計測圧力の比である計測圧力比が、予め設定された目標圧力比に、ランプ関数で徐々に上昇して到達するまで、圧力比ＰＩＤ制御により、主放風弁１４の開度１４ａを減少させてゆく。
[2] Transition to minimum load operation (1)
While keeping the opening 4a of the suction valve 4 slightly open, the opening 14a of the main blow-off valve 14 is reduced by pressure ratio PID control until the measured pressure ratio, which is the ratio of the measured pressure of the suction pressure sensor 5 to the measured pressure of the blow-off pressure sensor 17, gradually rises in a ramp function and reaches a predetermined target pressure ratio.
〔３〕最低負荷運転への移行(２)
計測圧力比が目標圧力比に到達した後、吸込圧力センサ５の計測圧力が、予め設定された目標圧力以上となるまで、ステップ応答制御により、吸込弁４の開度４ａを徐々に増大させるとともに、圧力制御により、主放風弁１４の開度１４ａを徐々に減少させて、計測圧力比を一定に維持させる。
[3] Transition to minimum load operation (2)
After the measured pressure ratio reaches the target pressure ratio, the opening 4a of the suction valve 4 is gradually increased by step response control until the measured pressure of the suction pressure sensor 5 becomes equal to or greater than the preset target pressure, and the opening 14a of the main blow-off valve 14 is gradually decreased by pressure control, thereby maintaining the measured pressure ratio constant.
図４は、実施形態に係る高炉用送風機における吸込風量と計測圧力比との関係を示すグラフである。 Figure 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the suction air volume and the measured pressure ratio in a blast furnace blower according to an embodiment.
ここで、計測圧力比を一定に維持するとは、図４に示すように、吸込風量（Ｎｍ３／ｍｉｎ．ｄｒｙ）を増大させつつ、計測圧力比（Ｐｒ）が、その吸込風量におけるサージ領域に入らないようにすることである。 Here, maintaining the measured pressure ratio constant means, as shown in Figure 4, increasing the suction air volume ( Nm3 /min. dry) while preventing the measured pressure ratio (Pr) from entering the surge region for that suction air volume.
すなわち、図４に示すように、吸込風量が０～３０００Ｎｍ３／ｍｉｎ．ｄｒｙでｄあるときには、計測圧力比（Ｐｒ）は、チョーク防止線からサージ緊急開放線までの間である２．５～４．５から、２．７～４．５の範囲とし、吸込風量が３０００～５０００Ｎｍ３／ｍｉｎ．ｄｒｙでｄあるときには、計測圧力比（Ｐｒ）は、チョーク防止線からサージ緊急開放線までの間である２．７～４．５から、３．０～６．０の範囲とし、吸込風量が５０００～７０００Ｎｍ３／ｍｉｎ．ｄｒｙであるときには、計測圧力比（Ｐｒ）は、チョーク防止線からサージ緊急開放線までの間である３．０～６．０から、３．５～６．２の範囲となっている。このように、計測圧力比が、吸込風量が増大していくに従い、チョーク防止線、サージ緊急開放線までの間を維持するように、一定に保つことによって、人手によらず、且つ、送風機の負荷を抑えて、自動で送風開始段階に移行することができる。 That is, as shown in Figure 4, when the suction air volume is 0 to 3000 Nm3 /min.dry, the measured pressure ratio (Pr) is in the range of 2.5 to 4.5 between the choke prevention line and the surge emergency opening line, and 2.7 to 4.5, when the suction air volume is 3000 to 5000 Nm3 /min.dry, the measured pressure ratio (Pr) is in the range of 2.7 to 4.5 between the choke prevention line and the surge emergency opening line, and 3.0 to 6.0, when the suction air volume is 5000 to 7000 Nm3 /min.dry, the measured pressure ratio (Pr) is in the range of 3.0 to 6.0 between the choke prevention line and the surge emergency opening line, and 3.5 to 6.2. In this way, by keeping the measured pressure ratio constant so that it remains between the choke prevention line and the surge emergency opening line as the suction air volume increases, it is possible to automatically transition to the blowing start stage without manual intervention and with reduced load on the blower.
〔４〕送風開始
吸込弁４の開度４ａが全開となり、高炉１０１の熱風炉１０２へ指定風量及び指定風圧の送風ができる状態となったときに、図３に示すように、送風管６の逆止弁７、チョーク防止弁８、吐出仕切弁９を開いて、高炉１０１の熱風炉１０２への送風を開始し、最低負荷運転を実行する。図示の例では、まず吐出仕切弁９を開放し全開になったら、逆止弁７を徐々に開放し、逆止弁７の開放開始直後に、チョーク防止弁８を開放していき、チョーク防止弁８が全開した後に、逆止弁７を全開するようにしているが、これに限定されない。
主放風弁１４は、チョーク防止弁８の開放開始とほぼ同時期に閉動作を開始する。また、副放風弁１５は、チョーク防止弁８が全開する直前に閉動作を開始する。この時、主放風弁１４、及び副放風弁１５は、圧力比ＰＩＤ制御により、各々の弁の閉度を調整しながら、自動的に閉動作する。また、送風機本体１の静翼角度１ａを大きくする（例えば、＋１５°）。
[4] Start of blowing air When the opening 4a of the suction valve 4 is fully opened and it is possible to blow air at the designated air volume and designated air pressure to the hot stove 102 of the blast furnace 101, the check valve 7, choke prevention valve 8, and discharge sluice valve 9 of the blower duct 6 are opened to start blowing air to the hot stove 102 of the blast furnace 101, and minimum load operation is performed, as shown in Figure 3. In the example shown, the discharge sluice valve 9 is first opened and fully opened, and then the check valve 7 is gradually opened, and immediately after the check valve 7 starts to open, the choke prevention valve 8 is opened, and after the choke prevention valve 8 is fully opened, the check valve 7 is fully opened, but the present invention is not limited to this.
The main blow-off valve 14 starts closing at approximately the same time as the anti-choke valve 8 starts opening. Also, the auxiliary blow-off valve 15 starts closing just before the anti-choke valve 8 is fully opened. At this time, the main blow-off valve 14 and the auxiliary blow-off valve 15 automatically close while adjusting the closure degree of each valve by pressure ratio PID control. Also, the stator vane angle 1a of the blower body 1 is increased (for example, +15°).
図５は、実施形態に係る高炉用送風機における制御結果を示すタイムチャートである。 Figure 5 is a time chart showing the control results of the blast furnace blower according to the embodiment.
図５において、２点鎖線で囲まれた部分が、本発明における最低負荷運転移行の場面であり、図３のＡ，Ｂ，Ｃ，Ｄ点に対応する位置である。 In Figure 5, the area surrounded by the two-dot chain line is the scene of transition to minimum load operation in this invention, and corresponds to points A, B, C, and D in Figure 3.
これらの位置について、図５に基づき説明する。
図示の例において、Ａ点は、圧力比ＰＩＤ制御を開始する時点であり、吸込圧力センサ５と送風圧力センサ１７との計測圧力から算出された圧力比を上げ始める地点である。
These positions will be explained with reference to FIG.
In the illustrated example, point A is the time point at which pressure ratio PID control starts, and is the point at which the pressure ratio calculated from the pressures measured by the suction pressure sensor 5 and the blowing pressure sensor 17 starts to increase.
このＡ点からＢ点までの間、吸込弁開度４ａを約１５度で固定したまま、主放風弁開度１４ａを徐々に閉じていくように動作させ、計測圧力比が、設定された目標圧力比に到達するように動作させている。 Between points A and B, the suction valve opening 4a is fixed at approximately 15 degrees, while the main blow-off valve opening 14a is operated to gradually close so that the measured pressure ratio reaches the set target pressure ratio.
Ｂ点は、計測圧力比が、目標圧力比、図示の例では圧力比３．５に到達した時点であり、このＢ点において、主放風弁開度１４ａは１００％の開度から、約５０％の開度まで閉じられているように動作している。このＢ点になると、次に計測圧力比を一定に保ちつつ、吸込圧力が目標圧力になるように動作させる。 Point B is the point at which the measured pressure ratio reaches the target pressure ratio, 3.5 in the illustrated example. At this point B, the main blow-off valve opening 14a operates as if it is closed from 100% opening to approximately 50% opening. At this point B, the suction pressure is then operated to reach the target pressure while maintaining the measured pressure ratio constant.
具体的には、Ｂ点からＣ点までの間に、吸込弁の開度４ａが、微開信号により、徐々に開く動作をすると共に、主放風弁の開度１４ａを、ゆっくり閉じていることがわかる。
つまり、Ｂ点からＣ点までの間に、目標圧力比である３．５を一定に保ちつつ、吸込弁の開度４ａと主放風弁の開度１４ａとを制御しながら、計測された吸込圧力が、約５０ｋＰａＧから、８０ｋＰａＧまで上がっており、目標圧力である１００ｋＰａＧ以上に到達するまで、主放風弁を徐々に閉じながら、吸込弁を徐々に開くように動作させている。
Specifically, it can be seen that between point B and point C, the suction valve opening 4a is gradually opened by the slight opening signal, and the main blow-off valve opening 14a is slowly closed.
In other words, between point B and point C, while maintaining the target pressure ratio constant at 3.5, the suction valve opening 4a and the main blow-off valve opening 14a are controlled so that the measured suction pressure rises from approximately 50 kPaG to 80 kPaG, and the main blow-off valve is gradually closed while the suction valve is gradually opened until the target pressure of 100 kPaG or higher is reached.
Ｃ点になった時点で、主放風弁の開度１４ａは全閉状態になり、吸込弁を徐々に微開信号で徐々に開いていき、Ｃ点を経過した４時１１分になると、吸込圧力が目標圧力である１００ｋＰａＧ以上となっていることがわかる。 At point C, the main blow-off valve 14a is fully closed, and the suction valve is gradually opened with a slight opening signal. At 4:11, after point C is passed, it can be seen that the suction pressure has reached the target pressure of 100 kPaG or higher.
吸込圧力が目標圧力に到達すると、吸込弁に開信号で、大きく開度を開けていき、Ｄ点になった段階で、吸込弁が全開になり、４時１２分の段階で、最低負荷運転への移行が完了している。 When the suction pressure reaches the target pressure, an open signal is sent to the suction valve, which opens wider. At point D, the suction valve opens fully, and at 4:12, the transition to minimum load operation is complete.
つまり、本発明により、図５に示すように、計測圧力比を安定させながら、送風機本体１の電源投入後から、最低負荷運転へ自動的に移行させることに成功し、送風機の起動制御技術が確立された。図示の例では、４時００分に、送風機本体１の電源投入後、４時１１分前には、吸込圧力が目標圧力に到達し、４時１２分前のＤ点で、吸込弁の開度が全開とされ、最低負荷運転へ移行していることがわかる。 In other words, as shown in Figure 5, this invention successfully established a blower startup control technology that automatically transitions to minimum load operation after powering on the blower main unit 1 while stabilizing the measured pressure ratio. In the example shown, after powering on the blower main unit 1 at 4:00, the suction pressure reaches the target pressure just before 4:11, and at point D just before 4:12, the suction valve is fully opened, transitioning to minimum load operation.
１ 送風機本体
１ａ 静翼角度
１ｂ 動翼回転数
１ｃ 電動機
２ 空気濾過器
３ 吸込管
４ 吸込弁
４ａ 吸込弁の開度
５ 吸込圧力センサ
６ 送風管
７ 逆止弁
８ チョーク防止弁
９ 吐出仕切弁
１１ 放風管
１２ 分岐部
１３ 放風サイレンサ
１４ 主放風弁
１４ａ 主放風弁の開度
１５ 副放風弁
１５ａ 副放風弁の開度
１６ バイパス管
１７ 送風圧力センサ
２１ 制御部
１０１ 高炉
１０２ 熱風炉
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Blower body 1a Stator blade angle 1b Rotor blade rotation speed 1c Electric motor 2 Air filter 3 Suction pipe 4 Suction valve 4a Suction valve opening 5 Suction pressure sensor 6 Blow pipe 7 Check valve 8 Choke prevention valve 9 Discharge gate valve 11 Blow pipe 12 Branching section 13 Blow silencer 14 Main blowoff valve 14a Main blowoff valve opening 15 Auxiliary blowoff valve 15a Auxiliary blowoff valve opening 16 Bypass pipe 17 Blow pressure sensor 21 Control section 101 Blast furnace 102 Hot stove
Claims (2)
前記送風機本体（１）の吸込側に配置された吸込管（３）に設けられ、吸込風量を調整する吸込弁（４）と、
前記送風機本体（１）の吐出側に配置された前記高炉（１０１）に繋がる送風管（６）に設けられ、開閉を切換える吐出仕切弁（９）と、
前記送風機本体（１）の吐出側に配置された前記高炉（１０１）に繋がる送風管（６）から分岐された放風管（１１）に設けられ、放風量を調整する放風弁（１４）と、
前記吸込管（３）内の前記吸込弁（４）と前記送風機本体（１）との間の圧力を計測する吸込圧力センサ（５）と、
前記送風管（１）内の前記放風管（１１）への分岐部（１２）より上流の圧力を計測する送風圧力センサ（１７）と、
前記吸込圧力センサ（５）及び前記送風圧力センサ（１７）から各々の計測圧力が入力され、入力された各計測圧力に基づいて、前記静翼の角度（１ａ）、前記吸込弁（４）の開度（４ａ）、前記放風弁（１４、１５）の開度（１４ａ、１５ａ）、及び、前記吐出仕切弁（９）の開閉を制御する制御部(２１)と
を備え、
前記制御部(２１)は、
前記送風機本体の前記静翼角度（１ａ）を予め設定された起動角度に調整し、前記吸込弁（４）の開度（４ａ）を微開に調整し、前記放風弁（１４、１５）の開度（１４ａ、１５ａ）を全開に調整し、前記送風機本体（１）の前記動翼を回転させる電動機（１ｃ）を起動させ、前記動翼を回転させて動翼回転数（１ｂ）を定格回転数とした吸込絞り運転を実行し、
前記吸込弁（４）の開度（４ａ）を微開としたままで、前記吸込圧力センサ（５）の計測圧力及び前記送風圧力センサ（１７）の計測圧力の比である計測圧力比が、設定された目標圧力比に到達するまで、圧力比ＰＩＤ制御により前記放風弁（１４、１５）の開度（１４ａ、１５ａ）を減少させていき、
前記計測圧力比が前記目標圧力比に到達した後、前記吸込圧力センサ（５）の計測圧力が目標圧力以上となるまで、ステップ応答制御により、前記吸込弁（４）の開度（４ａ）を徐々に増大させるとともに、圧力制御により、前記放風弁（１４、１５）の開度（１４ａ、１５ａ）を徐々に減少させて、前記計測圧力比を一定に維持させ、
前記吸込弁（４）の開度（４ａ）が全開となったときに、前記吐出仕切弁（９）を開いて前記高炉（１０１）への送風を開始し、最低負荷運転を実行する
ことを特徴とする高炉用送風機。 a blower body (1) having a plurality of rotating blades and a plurality of angle-adjustable stator blades, for blowing air into a blast furnace (101);
a suction valve (4) provided in a suction pipe (3) arranged on the suction side of the blower body (1) for adjusting the amount of suction air;
a discharge sluice valve (9) provided in a blower pipe (6) connected to the blast furnace (101) disposed on the discharge side of the blower body (1), and adapted to switch between opening and closing;
a blower valve (14) provided in a blower pipe (11) branched from a blower pipe (6) connected to the blast furnace (101) disposed on the discharge side of the blower body (1), for adjusting the amount of blown air;
a suction pressure sensor (5) for measuring the pressure between the suction valve (4) in the suction pipe (3) and the blower body (1);
an air pressure sensor (17) for measuring the pressure upstream of a branching portion (12) into the air discharge pipe (11) in the air blowing pipe (1);
a control unit (21) that receives measured pressures from the suction pressure sensor (5) and the blow-off pressure sensor (17) and controls the angle (1a) of the stator vane (1a), the opening degree (4a) of the suction valve (4), the opening degree (14a, 15a) of the blow-off valve (14, 15), and the opening/closing of the discharge gate valve (9) based on the measured pressures that have been input;
The control unit (21)
the stator blade angle (1a) of the blower body is adjusted to a preset start angle, the opening degree (4a) of the suction valve (4) is adjusted to a slight opening, the opening degrees (14a, 15a) of the blow-off valves (14, 15) are adjusted to a full opening, an electric motor (1c) that rotates the rotor blades of the blower body (1) is started, the rotor blades are rotated, and a suction throttle operation is performed with the rotor blade rotation speed (1b) set to a rated rotation speed;
While keeping the opening (4a) of the suction valve (4) slightly open, the openings (14a, 15a) of the blow-off valves (14, 15) are reduced by pressure ratio PID control until a measured pressure ratio, which is a ratio of the measured pressure of the suction pressure sensor (5) to the measured pressure of the blow-off pressure sensor (17), reaches a set target pressure ratio;
After the measured pressure ratio reaches the target pressure ratio, the opening (4a) of the suction valve (4) is gradually increased by step response control until the measured pressure of the suction pressure sensor (5) becomes equal to or greater than the target pressure, and the openings (14a, 15a) of the blow-off valves (14, 15) are gradually decreased by pressure control, thereby maintaining the measured pressure ratio constant;
When the opening (4a) of the suction valve (4) is fully opened, the discharge gate valve (9) is opened to start blowing air to the blast furnace (101), thereby performing a minimum load operation.
前記送風機本体の前記静翼角度（１ａ）を予め設定された起動角度に調整し、前記吸込弁（４）の開度（４ａ）を微開に調整し、前記放風弁（１４、１５）の開度（１４ａ、１５ａ）を全開に調整し、前記送風機本体（１）の前記動翼を回転させる電動機（１ｃ）を起動させ、前記動翼を回転させて動翼回転数（１ｂ）を定格回転数とした吸込絞り運転を実行し、
前記吸込弁（４）の開度（４ａ）を微開としたままで、前記吸込圧力センサ（５）の計測圧力及び前記送風圧力センサ（１７）の計測圧力の比である計測圧力比が、設定された目標圧力比に到達するまで、圧力比ＰＩＤ制御により前記放風弁（１４、１５）の開度（１４ａ、１５ａ）を減少させてゆき、
前記計測圧力比が前記目標圧力比に到達した後、前記吸込圧力センサ（５）の計測圧力が目標圧力以上となるまで、ステップ応答制御により、前記吸込弁（４）の開度（４ａ）を徐々に増大させるとともに、圧力制御により、前記放風弁（１４、１５）の開度（１４ａ、１５ａ）を徐々に減少させて、前記計測圧力比を一定に維持させ、
前記吸込弁（４）の開度（４ａ）が全開となったときに、前記吐出仕切弁（９）を開いて前記高炉（１０１）への送風を開始し、最低負荷運転を実行する
ことを特徴とする、高炉用送風機の制御システム。 A control system used in a control unit (21) in the blast furnace blower according to claim 1,
the stator blade angle (1a) of the blower body is adjusted to a preset start angle, the opening degree (4a) of the suction valve (4) is adjusted to a slight opening, the opening degrees (14a, 15a) of the blow-off valves (14, 15) are adjusted to a full opening, an electric motor (1c) that rotates the rotor blades of the blower body (1) is started, the rotor blades are rotated, and a suction throttle operation is performed with the rotor blade rotation speed (1b) set to a rated rotation speed;
While keeping the opening (4a) of the suction valve (4) slightly open, the openings (14a, 15a) of the blow-off valves (14, 15) are gradually reduced by pressure ratio PID control until a measured pressure ratio, which is a ratio of the measured pressure of the suction pressure sensor (5) to the measured pressure of the blow-off pressure sensor (17), reaches a set target pressure ratio;
After the measured pressure ratio reaches the target pressure ratio, the opening (4a) of the suction valve (4) is gradually increased by step response control until the measured pressure of the suction pressure sensor (5) becomes equal to or greater than the target pressure, and the openings (14a, 15a) of the blow-off valves (14, 15) are gradually decreased by pressure control, thereby maintaining the measured pressure ratio constant;
When the opening (4a) of the suction valve (4) is fully opened, the discharge gate valve (9) is opened to start blowing air to the blast furnace (101), thereby performing a minimum load operation.
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| JPS5639880U (en) * | 1979-09-04 | 1981-04-14 | ||
| JPS62210295A (en) * | 1986-03-11 | 1987-09-16 | Toshiba Corp | Blow-off device for multistage axial-flow compressor |
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| JP2001234218A (en) | 2000-02-28 | 2001-08-28 | Nkk Corp | Blast furnace blast control method |
| JP2005016414A (en) | 2003-06-26 | 2005-01-20 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | Compression device |
| JP2006063813A (en) | 2004-08-25 | 2006-03-09 | Hitachi Industries Co Ltd | Operation method of turbo compressor system |
| US20120121376A1 (en) | 2008-10-07 | 2012-05-17 | Wilhelmus Hermanus Huis In Het Veld | Method of controlling a compressor and apparatus therefor |
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