JP7748839B2 - Housing - Google Patents

Description

This invention relates to houses, and in particular to houses with sloped roofs.

It has long been known to install skylights in part of a sloped roof to allow sunlight into the interior space.

JP 2003-120054 A (Patent Document 1) discloses that by providing a sloped roof with a skylight that can be opened or closed, natural light can stream in from above, creating a more open and spacious interior space in a loft, which tends to be a cramped space.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-120054

The skylight in Patent Document 1 can only be installed midway along a sloped roof, limiting the range of spatial presentation possible for the indoor space. If skylights could be installed in various positions on a sloped roof, the quality of the spatial presentation of the indoor space would improve, but it is generally difficult to install skylights near the bottom of a sloped roof.

The present invention was made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to provide a home that allows for higher quality spatial presentation.

A house according to one aspect of the present invention has a sloped roof, which includes a ridge beam extending in the longitudinal direction, an eaves beam located below the ridge beam and extending in the longitudinal direction, and multiple purlins located between the ridge beam and the eaves beam and extending in the longitudinal direction, with a skylight provided between the eaves beam and the lowest purlin.

Preferably, the structure comprises a ridge beam, eaves beam, and multiple rafters that span above the main beam and form an eaves edge below the eaves beam, with the rafters that support the skylight having increased strength compared to the other rafters.

Preferably, the rafters supporting the skylight are a group of multiple rafters.

Preferably, the rafters supporting the skylight include reinforcing plates to increase the strength of the rafters.

Preferably, the skylights are series of windows arranged in the longitudinal direction.

Preferably, at least one auxiliary rafter is provided between the rafters supporting the skylight, separated by the skylight.

The home of the present invention makes it possible to create a higher quality spatial presentation.

1A and 1B are diagrams showing a schematic view of the framework of a house with a sloped roof according to the first embodiment, in which (A) is a partial perspective view, and (B) is an enlarged plan view showing the area around the multi-window structure. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II in FIG. FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion of FIG. 2 . FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IV in FIG. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of an indoor space. 10A and 10B are diagrams showing a schematic view of the framework of a house with a sloped roof according to the second embodiment, in which (A) is a partial perspective view, and (B) is an enlarged plan view showing the area around the multi-window structure.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Note that identical or corresponding parts in the drawings will be designated by the same reference numerals and their descriptions will not be repeated.

<Regarding First Embodiment>
(About the overview)
A house 1 according to this embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 1(A) and (B). Figure 1(A) is a partial perspective view showing a frame of a house with a sloped roof according to this embodiment. Figure 1(A) shows only a portion of the frame of the sloped roof. Figure 1(B) is an enlarged plan view showing the area around the multi-window window in Figure 1(A).

Dwelling 1 is a building for people to live in. Dwelling 1 is generally a wooden structure and is made up of multiple pieces of wood. Dwelling 1 is typically a detached house, but may also be an apartment building (such as a row house) with multiple independent dwelling units. Dwelling 1 may be multi-story or single-story.

Although not shown in Figure 1(A), the house 1 comprises a base that is set against a foundation poured into the ground, multiple pillars that protrude upward from the base and are set along the exterior walls (exterior walls) of the house 1, and beams that extend horizontally and span the multiple pillars to transmit the load of the sloped roof 2 to the pillars.

The house 1 has a sloped roof 2. In Figure 1(A), a hip roof is shown as the sloped roof 2, but it can also be a gable roof, a shed roof, or any other roof that has a portion that slopes from top to bottom.

(Regarding sloped roofs)
The sloped roof 2 of this embodiment will be described in detail. The sloped roof 2 comprises a ridge beam 3 extending in the girder direction, an eaves beam 4 located below the ridge beam 3 and extending in the girder direction, multiple purlins 5 located between the ridge beam 3 and the eaves beam 4 and extending in the girder direction, and multiple rafters 6 spanning the ridge beam 3, eaves beam 4, and purlins 5 to form eaves edges 60 below the eaves beam 4. In Figure 1(B), the girder direction is indicated by arrow A1. The slope of the sloped roof 2 is preferably 6.0 sun or less.

The ridge beam 3 is located at the highest point of the sloped roof 2, and supports the top of the sloped roof 2.

The eaves beam 4 is installed parallel to the ridge beam 3 and is located at the lowest point of the sloped roof 2. The eaves beam 4 is supported by the multiple pillars mentioned above. As a result, the eaves beam 4 is installed along the exterior wall (periphery) of the house 1.

Multiple purlins 5 are installed parallel to each other between the ridge beam 3 and the eaves beam 4. In the example shown in Figure 1 (A), three purlins 5 are installed: the first purlin 51 at the bottom, the third purlin 53 at the top, and the second purlin 52 installed between them, but this is not limited to this. It is sufficient to install at least one purlin 5. The first purlin 51 at the bottom is the purlin closest to the eaves beam 4.

The upper edges of the multiple rafters 6 are supported on the ridge beam 3 (Figure 1(A)), the lower edges are supported on the gable truss 54 (Figure 1(B)), and the lower ends are supported on the eaves beam 4 (Figures 1(A) and 1(B)). As a result, the rafters 6 form an eaves tip 60 below the eaves beam 4. In other words, below the rafters 6, eaves protrude outward from the wall of the house 1. For strength reasons, the eaves length L1 (the length protruding downward from the eaves beam 4) is 1,000 cm or less, preferably 990 cm or less. The gable truss 54 extends along the girder direction and is preferably not interrupted at a position opposite the multi-window 8. As particularly shown in Figure 4, an eaves gutter 55 (shown by a dashed line) may be installed along the girder direction on the outdoor side of the gable truss 54 to collect rainwater and channel it outward.

The multiple rafters 6 are arranged perpendicular to the ridge beam 3, eaves beams 4, and purlins 5. In the example shown in Figure 1(A), five rafters are arranged, but this is not limited to this. Furthermore, as shown in Figure 4, sheathing boards 21 are placed above the rafters 6, and multiple roofing materials 22 are laid above the sheathing boards 21. The multiple rafters 6 will be described later.

(Regarding multi-windows)
A continuous window 8 is provided between the eaves beam 4 and the lowest purlin 51. The continuous window 8 is a series of skylights connected in the girder direction and includes a first skylight 81 and a second skylight 91. In this embodiment, two skylights are connected in a row, but this is not limited to this; two or more skylights may be provided. The first and second skylights 81, 91 are windows for efficiently introducing sunlight into the indoor space. The first and second skylights 81, 91 may be closed windows (fixed windows) or may be openable and closable. The first and second skylights 81, 91 preferably have the same shape, but may have different widths in the girder direction or in a direction perpendicular to the girder direction. In other words, it is sufficient that at least a portion of the skylights 81, 91 overlap in the girder direction.

With particular reference to FIG. 1(B), the first skylight 81 includes a covering portion 82 and an upper frame 83, a lower frame 84, a left frame 85, and a right frame 86 that surround the covering portion 82. Similarly, the second skylight 91, located to the left of the first skylight 81 in the longitudinal direction, includes a covering portion 92 and an upper frame 93, a lower frame 94, a left frame 95, and a right frame 96 that surround the covering portion 92. The covering portions 82, 92 have high translucency, allowing at least a portion of sunlight to pass through. The covering portions 82, 92 are planar members typically made of transparent glass.

(Regarding rafters)
The plurality of rafters 6 will be described in more detail with reference to Figures 2 to 4. Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II in Figure 1(B), Figure 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion of Figure 2, and Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IV in Figure 1(B).

As mentioned above, multiple rafters 6 are provided. For ease of understanding, as shown in Figure 1(A), the rafters located on the right side in the longitudinal direction are referred to as the first rafter 61, second rafter 62, third rafter 63, and fourth rafter 64, respectively. The auxiliary rafter located between the first rafter 61 and the second rafter 62 is referred to as the first auxiliary rafter 71, and the auxiliary rafter located between the second rafter 62 and the third rafter 63 is referred to as the second auxiliary rafter 72. It is preferable that the spacing in the longitudinal direction between these rafters 61 to 64 and auxiliary rafters 71 and 72 be equal.

The multi-window window 8 is supported at both ends by two rafters spaced apart from one another. Specifically, the multi-window window 8 is secured at both ends by the first rafter 61 and the third rafter 63. Furthermore, the first skylight 81 and the second skylight 91 that make up the multi-window window 8 are secured by the second rafter 62.

The first to third rafters 61-63 supporting the continuous window 8 have a structure with increased strength compared to the other rafters (the fourth rafter 64 in Figure 1(B)). Specifically, the first to third rafters 61-63 are an assembly of multiple rafters. More specifically, as shown in Figure 2, the first rafter 61 is made up of three rod-shaped rafters 61a, 61b, and 61c stacked in the longitudinal direction and closely spaced. Similarly, the second rafter 62 is made up of three rod-shaped rafters 62a, 62b, and 62c stacked in the longitudinal direction and closely spaced, and the third rafter 63 is made up of three rod-shaped rafters 63a, 63b, and 63c stacked in the longitudinal direction and closely spaced. It is preferable that the rod-shaped rafters 61a-61c, 62a-62c, and 63a-63c mentioned above have the same shape as the fourth rafter 64.

The three rod-shaped rafters 61a, 61b, and 61c that make up the first rafter 61 may be glued together at their sides in the longitudinal direction, or may be fixed with screws, for example. The same applies to the rod-shaped rafters 62a, 62b, and 62c that make up the second rafter 62 and the rod-shaped rafters 63a, 63b, and 63c that make up the third rafter 63. Note that while Figure 1(A) shows the first to third rafters 61-63 in a simplified manner, in reality, multiple rod-shaped rafters are stacked on top of each other, as shown in Figures 1(B) and 2.

As shown in Figures 1(A) and 1(B), a single first auxiliary rafter 71 separated by the first skylight 81 is provided between the first and second rafters 61, 62 supporting the first skylight 81. Similarly, a single second auxiliary rafter 72 separated by the second skylight 91 is provided between the second and third rafters 62, 63 supporting the second skylight 91. In this embodiment, one auxiliary rafter 71, 72 is provided between each of the rafters 61, 62 or rafters 62, 63 supporting the skylights 81, 91, but auxiliary rafters 71, 72 are not necessarily provided, and two or more may be provided.

As shown in Figures 1(B) and 4 in particular, the first auxiliary rafter 71 is divided into two parts, one above the other, with the first skylight 81 in between. The lower end of the upper first auxiliary rafter 71 abuts the upper frame 83 of the first skylight 81, and the upper end of the lower first auxiliary rafter 71 abuts the lower frame 84 of the first skylight 81. Similarly, as shown in Figure 1(B), the second auxiliary rafter 72 is divided into two parts, one above the other, with the second skylight 91 in between. The lower end of the upper second auxiliary rafter 72 abuts the upper frame 93 of the second skylight 91, and the upper end of the lower second auxiliary rafter 72 abuts the lower frame 94 of the second skylight 91.

Next, we will explain how the first skylight 81 is fixed to the right side in the girder direction. As shown in Figure 1(B), the right frame 86 of the first skylight 81, which is located on the right side in the girder direction, is supported by the rod-shaped rafter 61c of the first rafter 61. Specifically, as shown in Figure 2, the rod-shaped rafter 61c is fixed to the right-side support pier 41, and the right frame 86 is fixed to the right-side support pier 41 with screws or the like via the first girder 31. It is preferable that the rod-shaped rafter 61c be fixed not only to the right-side support pier 41 but also to the right-side edge support 43 with screws or the like.

The following describes the fixing of the second skylight 91 on the left side in the girder direction. As shown in Figure 1(B), the left frame 95 of the second skylight 91, located on the left side in the girder direction, is supported by the rod-shaped rafter 63a of the third rafter 63. Specifically, as shown in Figure 2, the rod-shaped rafter 63a is fixed to the left support pier 42, and the left frame 95 is fixed to the left support pier 42 via the second girder 32 with screws or the like. It is preferable that the rod-shaped rafter 63a be fixed not only to the left support pier 42 but also to the left edge support 44 with screws or the like.

Finally, we will explain the fixation between the first skylight 81 and the second skylight 91. As shown in Figure 1(B), the left frame 85 of the first skylight 81, located on the right side in the longitudinal direction, is supported by the rod-shaped rafter 62a of the second rafters 62, and the right frame 96 of the second skylight 91, located on the left side in the longitudinal direction, is supported by the rod-shaped rafter 62c of the second rafters 62. Specifically, as shown in Figure 2, a U-shaped third water skirt 33 is provided between the left frame 85 of the first skylight 81 and the right frame 96 of the second skylight 91. The left frame 85 of the first skylight 81 is fixed to the rod-shaped rafter 62a, and the right frame 96 of the second skylight 91 is fixed to the rod-shaped rafter 62c via the third water skirt 33.

Referring to Figure 3, the second rafter 62 located between the first skylight 81 and the second skylight 91 will be described in detail. The second rafter 62 includes a reinforcing plate 65 to increase the strength of the rafter. In this embodiment, the reinforcing plate 65 is a plate-shaped member formed, for example, from a steel plate or synthetic resin, and four reinforcing plates 65 are provided. The reinforcing plates 65 are provided along the longitudinal direction of the second rafter 62 and have the same dimension as the longitudinal dimension of the second rafter 62. Specifically, a first reinforcing plate 65a is provided on the right side of the first rod-shaped rafter 62a in the longitudinal direction, a second reinforcing plate 65b is provided between the first rod-shaped rafter 62a and the second rod-shaped rafter 62b, a third reinforcing plate 65c is provided between the second rod-shaped rafter 62b and the third rod-shaped rafter 62c, and a fourth reinforcing plate 65d is provided on the left side of the third rod-shaped rafter 62c in the longitudinal direction. These reinforcing plates 65a-65d are preferably fixed to the rod-shaped rafters 62a-62c by passing screws or the like through them in the longitudinal direction. In this way, by providing reinforcing plates 65 on both sides of the second rafter 62 and between the rod-shaped rafters 62a, 62b, and 62c, the longitudinal strength of the second rafter 62 can be improved.

Referring to the same figure, the first rod-shaped rafter 62a is fixed to the first base pier 45 via screws or the like. Similarly, the third rod-shaped rafter 62c is fixed to the second base pier 46 via screws or the like. Furthermore, it is preferable that the second rafter 62, the first base pier 45, and the second base pier 46 are surrounded on three sides by gypsum boards 47, 48, and 49.

(Regarding indoor spaces)
With reference to Figure 5, we will explain the indoor space when a continuous window 8 is installed between the eaves beam 4 and the lowest main building 51. Figure 5 shows a schematic diagram of an example of an indoor space. In Figure 5, the areas other than those where light is coming in from the continuous window 8 are indicated in light ink.

By installing a continuous window 8 between the eaves beam 4 and the lowest main building 51, i.e., close to the exterior wall of the house 1, the indoor space becomes visually brighter, as shown in Figure 5, allowing for a dramatic spatial presentation. In particular, by installing a continuous window 8 close to the exterior wall of the house 1 in an interior corner, it becomes possible to beautifully illuminate two walls of the indoor space with sunlight streaming in through the continuous window 8. When the house 1 is multi-story, stairs are often installed against the exterior wall, making it possible to create an even brighter, more dramatic space around the stairs.

When installing a skylight, it is preferable that the wall surface onto which sunlight shines through the skylight be flat and without any irregularities. This allows sunlight to hit the wall surface, creating a beautiful indoor space. Furthermore, it is preferable not to place other windows near the surface of the multi-window 8 onto which sunlight shines. This prevents unnecessary light from disrupting the gradation of shadows created by the light from the multi-window 8, making it possible to create a more beautiful indoor space.

(About the action)
In conventional pitched roofs, the rafters that form the eaves at their lower ends are placed on the eaves beams, so the rafters must have a certain level of strength. However, placing a skylight on the eaves beams creates a problem of insufficient strength, making it impossible to place a skylight on the eaves beams. In this embodiment, the rafters 61, 62, and 63 that support the continuous window 8 are made stronger than the other rafters, so skylights 81 and 91 can be placed on the eaves beams 4.

By making the second rafter 62 located between the two skylights 81, 91 stronger than the first and third rafters 61, 63 located to the sides of the multi-window window 8, the two skylights 81, 91 can be connected in the rafter direction to form the multi-window window 8. Furthermore, the multi-window window 8 can be placed anywhere above the eaves rafter 4, expanding the range of spatial design options.

<Regarding the Second Embodiment>
An example of the configuration of a house 1A according to this embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 6. Only differences from the house 1 shown in the first embodiment will be described in detail below.

The sloped roof 2A of the house 1A has a continuous window 8A between the second purlin 52 and the third purlin 53. The continuous window 8A consists of three windows: a first skylight 81A, a second skylight 91A, and a third skylight 101A, arranged consecutively in the girder direction. It is preferable that the three windows, the first skylight 81A, the second skylight 91A, and the third skylight 101A, be the same shape.

The first to third rafters 61-63 supporting the multi-window window 8 are constructed with increased strength compared to the other rafters (the fifth rafter 66A in Figure 6(B)). Specifically, the first rafter 61A, located on the right side of the multi-window window 8A in the longitudinal direction, and the fourth rafter 64A, located on the left side of the multi-window window 8A in the longitudinal direction, are constructed with increased strength compared to the second rafters 62A and third rafters 63A, located between the multi-window windows 8A. Note that the first rafter 61A of this embodiment is the same as the first rafter 61 of the first embodiment described above, and the fourth rafter 64A of this embodiment is the same as the third rafter 63 of the first embodiment described above. The second rafter 62A and third rafter 63A of this embodiment are the same as the second rafter 62 of the first embodiment described above.

Two auxiliary rafters are provided between adjacent rafters. Specifically, two auxiliary rafters 71A and 72A are provided between the first rafter 61A and the second rafter 62A, two auxiliary rafters 73A and 74A are provided between the second rafter 62A and the third rafter 63A, and two auxiliary rafters 75A and 76A are provided between the third rafter 63A and the fourth rafter 64A. These auxiliary rafters 71A to 76A are the same as the auxiliary rafters 71 and 72 in the first embodiment described above.

In this embodiment, the multi-window window 8A can be supported by rafters 61A-64A, which are stronger than the other rafters 66A that do not support the multi-window window 8A, allowing it to be placed anywhere on the sloped roof 2. This allows the multi-window window 8A to be placed to match the layout of the house 1A, thereby expanding the layout options for the house 1A.

In the above first and second embodiments, it was explained that a series of skylights 8, 8A are provided between the eaves beam 4 and the lowest purlin 51, but it is also possible to provide only one skylight, or multiple skylights spaced apart (by positioning multiple rafters).

In addition, in the above-mentioned first and second embodiments, the strength of the rafters 6, 6A was increased by assembling multiple rafters or providing reinforcing plates, but this configuration is not limited to this. For example, to increase the strength of the rafters 6, they could be made of a stronger material other than wood, or the wood could be coated with resin; there are no limitations as long as the configuration increases strength. Furthermore, the second rafters 62, 62A and the third rafter 63A were made into an assembly of multiple rafters and provided with reinforcing plates, but the strength of either one could also be increased.

The above-described embodiments disclosed herein are illustrative in all respects and are not intended to be limiting. Therefore, the technical scope of the present invention should not be interpreted solely by the above-described embodiments, but should be defined based on the claims. Furthermore, all modifications that are equivalent in meaning and scope to the claims are included.

1, 1A House, 2, 2A Sloped Roof, 3 Ridge beam, 4 Eaves beam, 5 Purlin, 6 Rafter, 8, 8A Continuous window, 51 First purlin, 52 Second purlin, 53 Third purlin, 61, 61A First rafter, 62, 62A Second rafter, 63, 63A Third rafter, 64, 64A Fourth rafter, 65 Reinforcing plate, 65a First reinforcing plate, 65b Second reinforcing plate, 65c Third reinforcing plate, 65d Fourth reinforcing plate, 66A Fifth rafter, 71, 72, 71A, 72A, 73A, 74A, 75A, 76A Auxiliary rafter, 81, 81A First skylight, 91, 91A Second skylight, 101A Third skylight.

Claims (5)

In a house with a sloped roof,
The sloped roof is
A purlin extending in the direction of the girder;
An eaves beam located below the ridge beam and extending in the girder direction;
A plurality of purlins are provided between the ridge beam and the eaves beam and extend in the girder direction ;
a plurality of rafters that are continuously hung over the ridgepole, the purlin, and the eaves beam and form an eaves tip below the eaves beam;
A skylight is provided between the eaves beam and the lowest level of the main building ,
In the house , the rafters supporting the skylight among the rafters have a structure with increased strength compared to the other rafters . The home of claim 1 , wherein the rafters supporting the skylight are an assembly of multiple rafters. 3. The house according to claim 1 , wherein the rafters supporting the skylight include reinforcing plates for increasing the strength of the rafters. The house according to any one of claims 2 to 3 , wherein the skylights are continuous windows arranged in a row direction. The house according to any one of claims 2 to 4 , wherein at least one auxiliary rafter is provided between the rafters supporting the skylight and is separated by the skylight.