JP7761555B2 - Vertical crusher and shell liner for vertical crusher - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a vertical crusher and a shell liner for a vertical crusher.

Vertical crushers are used to crush and process chunks of industrial waste, such as discarded home appliances.

A vertical crusher comprises a cylindrical shell whose diameter gradually increases from the bottom to the top, a shell liner fixed to the inner periphery of the shell, a rotor rotatable around the vertical axis inside the shell and equipped with a crushing mechanism that crushes materials between the rotor and the shell liner, and a breaker that rotates around the vertical axis above the crushing mechanism.

Lump waste thrown into the shell is first struck by a breaker and roughly crushed, then broken into pieces between the shell liner attached to the inner periphery of the cylindrical shell and the crushing mechanism attached to the rotor, and the pieces fall through the gap between the shell liner and the rotor onto the discharge ring located below the rotor.

Debris that fall onto the discharge ring is swept out by a sweeper, which is supported coaxially with the rotating shaft that serves as the vertical axis, through an opening formed in the peripheral wall of the discharge ring and into the discharge section.

Patent Document 1 discloses a crusher equipped with a breaker liner, grinder, etc., mounted on a rotating shaft located at the center of a cylindrical shell with a shell liner fixed inside. In this crusher, the shell liner fixed inside the shell is a concave-convex shell liner with convex and concave portions, and a low shell liner that is lower than the convex portion of the concave-convex shell liner, arranged and fixed in an appropriate arrangement.

Japanese Utility Model Application Publication No. 59-166843

In vertical crushers, an input hood is placed above the shell, and the material to be crushed is fed into the shell from the input hood. However, when the breaker strikes the material to be crushed, it can be thrown upward from the shell. This can cause problems, as the thrown material collides with the opening edge of the input hood, damaging the lower end of the opening or causing accelerated wear.

Figures 4(a), (b), and (c) show an example of the conventional shell liner described above. As shown in Figure 4(a), first liner portions 5A and thicker second liner portions 5B that protrude radially inward from the first liner portions 5A are alternately arranged along the inner circumference of the cylindrical shell 5. Figure 4(b) shows explanatory diagrams of the top, front, and bottom of the first liner portion 5A, while Figure 4(c) shows an enlarged view of a portion of Figure 4(a). The inner surface of the first liner portion 5A is formed flat.

As shown in Figures 4(a) and (c), when the rotor and breaker rotate in the direction indicated by the dashed arrows, the material to be crushed is crushed by the grinder (an example of a crushing mechanism) on the rotor or between the breaker and the shell liner, and the crushed pieces fall into the discharge ring.

As the rotor rotates, the fragments generated by the crushing process slide along the inner surface of the first liner portion 5A in the direction of rotation, colliding with the second liner portion 5B, which is thicker than the first liner portion 5A, and are further crushed. As a result, the fragments slide along the first liner portion 5A under the action of centrifugal force, causing wear to the end portion 52 on the forward side of the rotor's rotational direction, i.e., the vicinity of the end portion 52 adjacent to the second liner portion 5B along the rotor's rotational direction. Alternatively, fragments may get into the small gap between the end portion 52 of the first liner portion 5A and the second liner portion 5B, causing wear to the end portion 52, resulting in the need to frequently replace the first liner portion 5A.

In view of the above-mentioned problems with the conventional technology, the first object of the present invention is to provide a vertical crusher and a shell liner for such a vertical crusher that minimizes damage and wear to the feeding hood located at the top of the cylindrical shell, and the second object is to provide a vertical crusher and a shell liner for such a vertical crusher that minimizes wear to the shell liner.

To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the first characteristic configuration of the breaker structure for a vertical crusher according to the present invention is a vertical crusher comprising: a cylindrical shell; a shell liner fixed to the inner periphery of the shell; a rotor rotatably arranged around the vertical axis inside the shell and equipped with a crushing mechanism for crushing materials between the rotor and the shell liner; and a breaker rotatably arranged above the rotor, wherein the shell liner has first liner portions and second liner portions that protrude radially inward from the first liner portions, arranged alternately along the inner periphery of the shell, and the upper end of the first liner portion is equipped with a flange that protrudes inward.

Even if the material to be crushed is thrown into the shell from the feeding hood and is struck by the breaker and thrown upward, the flange at the upper end of the first liner section will catch the material or change its trajectory, preventing damage and wear to the lower end of the opening of the feeding hood.

The second characteristic configuration, in addition to the first characteristic configuration described above, is that an input hood is disposed on the upper part of the shell, and in a plan view, the inner surface of the lower end of the input hood is positioned at the same position as or radially outward from the inner surface of the upper end of the shell liner.

When viewed from above, if the inner surface of the lower end of the feeding hood is positioned at the same position as the inner surface of the upper end of the shell liner or radially outward, the material to be crushed that collides with the flange portion will be prevented from further colliding with the lower end of the opening of the feeding hood.

The third characteristic feature of the rotor is that, in addition to the first characteristic feature described above, the first liner portion has a protrusion at the end portion on the forward side in the direction of rotation of the rotor that protrudes radially inward within the thickness of the second liner portion.

As debris slides along the flat surface of the first liner section as the rotor rotates, the protrusions first act as a wear allowance, thereby avoiding the need to frequently replace the first liner section.

The fourth characteristic feature of the present invention is that, in addition to the third characteristic feature described above, the protrusion has an inclined portion on the inner wall surface of the first liner portion that slopes radially inward toward the end.

When debris sliding along the first liner section under the action of centrifugal force reaches the inclined section, the inclined section resists the centrifugal force and guides the debris radially inward, effectively preventing the debris from entering the small gap between the end of the first liner section and the second liner section.

The fifth characteristic feature of the present invention is that, in addition to the third or fourth characteristic feature described above, the inner wall surface of the first liner section is formed flat except for the flange section and the protrusion section.

By making the inner surface of the first liner flat, the distance to the rotor (grinder) can be varied, enhancing the crushing effect.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, a first characteristic configuration of the shell liner of the vertical crusher according to the present invention is a shell liner of the vertical crusher that is fixed to the inner periphery of a cylindrical shell and crushes the object to be crushed between the shell liner and a crushing mechanism provided on a rotor that is rotatably arranged around a vertical axis inside the shell, and in which first liner portions and second liner portions that protrude radially inward from the first liner portions are alternately arranged along the inner periphery of the shell,
The first liner portion has an upper end portion provided with a flange portion that protrudes inward.

The second characteristic feature of the shell liner is that, in addition to the first characteristic feature described above, when fixed to the inner periphery of the shell, the inner surface of the upper end of the shell liner is positioned in the same position as or radially inward from the inner surface of the lower end of the dosing hood disposed above the shell in a plan view.

The third characteristic configuration is that, in addition to the first characteristic configuration described above, the first liner portion has a protrusion at the forward end in the direction of rotation of the rotor that protrudes radially inward within the thickness of the second liner portion .

The fourth characteristic configuration is that, in addition to the third characteristic configuration described above, the protrusion portion has an inclined portion on the inner wall surface of the first liner portion that inclines radially inward toward the end portion.

The fifth characteristic feature of the present invention is that, in addition to the third or fourth characteristic feature described above, the inner wall surface of the first liner section is formed flat except for the flange section and the protrusion section.

As explained above, the present invention makes it possible to provide a vertical crusher and a shell liner for a vertical crusher that can minimize damage and wear to the feeding hood arranged at the top of the cylindrical shell, while also reducing the frequency of shell liner replacement.

Partial cutaway diagram of a vertical crusher 2(a) is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the shell, (b) is a plan view of FIG. 2(a) as seen from A, and (c) is a plan view of FIG. 2(a) as seen from B. 3(a) is an explanatory diagram showing the plan, front, and bottom of the first liner part installed in the upper part, (b) is an explanatory diagram showing the plan, front, and bottom of the first liner part installed in the lower part, (c) shows the cross-sectional structure of the flange part, and is a cross-sectional view taken along CC in FIG. 3(a), and (d) is a cross-sectional view taken along DD in FIG. 3(a). (a) is an explanatory diagram of a conventional shell liner disposed in a shell, (b) is an explanatory diagram showing the plan, front, and bottom of a conventional first liner portion, and (c) is an explanatory diagram of the wear mechanism.

A vertical crusher and a shell liner for a vertical crusher according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
As shown in Figure 1, the vertical crusher 1 is a device for crushing materials to be crushed, such as large home appliances, and comprises a crusher body 10 and an input hood 20. The crusher body 10 comprises an apparatus frame 2 fixed to a concrete floor, an electric motor 3 fixed to the apparatus frame 2, a cylindrical discharge ring 4 fixed to the apparatus frame 2, and a cylindrical shell 5 disposed above the discharge ring 4.

As shown in Figures 2(a) to 2(c), the shell 5 is formed into a cylindrical shape with a generally circular cross section, with the diameter gradually increasing from bottom to top. Inside the shell 5, first liner portions 5A and second liner portions 5B, which are thicker than the first liner portions 5A and protrude radially inward, are arranged alternately along the inner circumference of the shell 5 in two upper and lower tiers. The arrangement of the first liner portions 5A and second liner portions 5B is different between the upper and lower tiers, and is reversed. In other words, the second liner portion 5B is arranged below the first liner portion 5A arranged in the upper tier, and the first liner portion 5A is arranged below the second liner portion 5B arranged in the upper tier. In the following description, the first liner portion 5A in the upper tier will be referred to as 5A (UPR), and the first liner portion 5A in the lower tier will be referred to as 5A (LWR).

Returning to Figure 1, a rotating shaft 6, which serves as the vertical axis, is provided at the center of the shell 5, and a rotor 7 and breaker 8, which rotate around the rotating shaft 6, are disposed inside the shell 5. The rotor 7 has multiple disks arranged at intervals above and below, and multiple freely rotating grinders 9, which function as a crushing mechanism, are disposed in the spaces formed between each disk on the outer periphery of the disks.

The electric motor 3 and rotating shaft 6 are connected via a drive connection mechanism, and as the electric motor 3 rotates, the rotor 7 and breaker 8 rotate. Material to be crushed placed inside the shell 5 is roughly crushed by impacts from the rotor 7 and collisions with the shell liner, and is then finely crushed between the grinder 9 and the first and second liner sections 5A and 5B. In Figure 1, the arrow indicated by the dashed line indicates the direction of rotation of the rotor 7.

The fragmented material falls into the discharge ring 4 through the gap formed between the lowest disk of the rotor 7 and the choke ring arranged around its periphery. It is then swept inside the discharge ring 4 by a sweeper installed on the discharge ring 4 that rotates integrally with the rotating shaft, and is discharged from the discharge port 11 formed in the device frame 2.

The feeding hood 20 is installed above the shell 7, and materials to be crushed transported by a conveyor mechanism (not shown) are dropped into the shell 5 through a feeding opening 21 formed in the side wall of the feeding hood 20. A blast exclusion duct 22 is installed on the top surface of the feeding hood 20, and an opening/closing door is installed on the back of the feeding hood 20 to allow access to a crane mechanism such as a hoist for lifting the rotor 7 and breaker 8.

Figure 3(a) shows, from top to bottom, a plan view, a front view, and a bottom view of the first liner section 5A (UPR), which is located on the upper tier, and Figure 3(b) shows, from top to bottom, a plan view, a front view, and a bottom view of the first liner section 5A (LWR), which is located on the lower tier. In the figures, the symbol h indicates a mounting hole through which a bolt is inserted.

The first liner portions 5A (UPR), 5A (LWR) have an arc-shaped opposing surface 50 that faces the inner wall of the shell 5 and conforms to the inner peripheral surface of the shell 5. The inner wall surface 51 that faces the inside of the shell 5 when attached to the shell 5 is flat except for one end 52. The width of the first liner portions 5A (UPR), 5A (LWR) gradually increases from bottom to top to conform to the inner diameter of the shell 5, which gradually widens from bottom to top.

As shown in FIGS. 3(a) and 3(c), a flange 55 that protrudes inward is formed at the upper end of the first liner portion 5A (UPR) disposed in the upper stage.
The lower inner surface of the input hood 20 disposed on the upper part of the shell 5 is configured to be located at the same position as or radially outward from the upper inner surfaces of the liner portions 5A, 5B in a plan view.

By adopting the above-described configuration, even if the crushable material fed into the shell 5 from the feeding hood 20 is struck by the breaker 8 and thrown upward, the flange 55 at the upper end of the first liner section 5A will catch the crushable material or change its trajectory, thereby preventing damage and wear to the opening lower end of the feeding hood 20. Furthermore, even if the crushable material collides with the flange 55 and is thrown further upward, it will be prevented from colliding with the opening lower end of the feeding hood 20.

As shown in Figures 3(a) and 3(d), the first liner portion 5A has a protrusion 53 at the end 52 on the forward side in the direction of rotation of the rotor 7, which protrudes radially inward and is within the thickness of the second liner portion 5B.

As the rotor 7 rotates and debris slides along the flat surface of the first liner portion 5A, the protrusion 53 first functions as a wear allowance, thereby avoiding the need to frequently replace the first liner portion 5A.

Furthermore, the protrusion 53 has an inclined portion 54 on the inner wall surface 51 of the first liner portion 5A that slopes radially inward toward the end portion 52. When debris sliding along the first liner portion 5A under the action of centrifugal force reaches the inclined portion 54, the inclined portion 54 resists the centrifugal force and guides the debris radially inward (toward the rotation axis), effectively preventing the debris from entering the small gap between the end portion 52 of the first liner portion 5A and the second liner portion 5B.

In this embodiment, the first liner portion 5A (UPR) is formed in an inverted trapezoid shape with sides measuring approximately 400 mm, and the first liner portion 5A (LWR) is formed in an inverted trapezoid shape with sides measuring approximately 350 mm. The flange portion 55 has a thickness in the protruding direction of approximately 20 mm and a vertical width of approximately 30 mm.

The protruding height of the protruding portion 53 extending radially inward from the shell 5 is set to be approximately 30 to 50 mm lower than the thickness of the second liner portion 5B. In other words, the protruding portion 53 extends radially inward within the thickness of the second liner portion 5B. Note that these numerical values are selected appropriately depending on the size of the vertical crusher 1 and are merely examples.

In the above-described embodiment, an example was described in which the protrusion 53 was formed on the end 52 of the first liner portion 5A that faces the rotational direction of the rotor 7. However, in a vertical crusher 1 in which the rotor 7 is configured to rotate in both forward and reverse directions rather than in a single direction, the protrusion 53 can be formed on each of the two end portions of the first liner portion 5A.

In the above-described embodiment, the inner wall surface 51 of the first liner portion 5A is formed flat except for the flange portion 55 and the protrusion portion 53, but the inner wall surface 51 of the first liner portion 5A may be formed with a ridge that shreds the object to be crushed between the grinder 9 and the ridge. The ridge may be formed on the inner wall surface 51 of the first liner portion 5A in a vertical direction, or may be configured in an inclined position relative to the vertical direction.

It goes without saying that the above-described embodiment is merely one example of the present invention, and the specific structure, shape, size, etc. of each part can be modified as appropriate within the scope of the effects of the present invention.

1: Vertical crusher 2: Device frame 3: Electric motor 4: Discharge ring 5: Shell 5A: First liner portion 5B: Second liner portion 50: Opposing surface 51: Inner wall surface 52: One end portion (end portion)
53: Protrusion 54: Inclined portion 55: Flange portion 6: Rotating shaft 7: Rotor 8: Breaker 9: Grinder 10: Crusher body 20: Feeding hood

Claims (10)

A vertical crusher comprising: a cylindrical shell; a shell liner fixed to the inner periphery of the shell; a rotor rotatably disposed inside the shell around a vertical axis and equipped with a crushing mechanism for crushing objects to be crushed between the rotor and the shell liner; and a breaker rotatably disposed above the rotor,
The shell liner has first liner portions and second liner portions that protrude radially inward from the first liner portions and are alternately arranged along the inner circumference of the shell,
The vertical crusher is provided with a flange portion that protrudes inward at the upper end of the first liner portion. An input hood is disposed on the top of the shell,
2. The vertical crusher according to claim 1, wherein the inner surface of the lower end of the feeding hood is positioned at the same position as or radially outward from the inner surface of the upper end of the shell liner in plan view. A vertical crusher as described in claim 1, wherein the first liner portion has a protrusion at the front end in the direction of rotation of the rotor that protrudes radially inward within the thickness of the second liner portion. A vertical crusher as described in claim 3, wherein the protrusion has an inclined portion on the inner wall surface of the first liner portion that slopes radially inward toward the end. A vertical crusher according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the inner wall surface of the first liner section is flat except for the flange and the protrusion. A shell liner for a vertical crusher is fixed to the inner periphery of a cylindrical shell and crushes objects to be crushed between the shell and a crushing mechanism provided on a rotor rotatably arranged around a vertical axis inside the shell,
First liner portions and second liner portions that protrude radially inward from the first liner portions are alternately arranged along the inner circumference of the shell,
A shell liner for a vertical crusher, comprising a flange portion that protrudes inward at the upper end of the first liner portion. A shell liner for a vertical crusher as described in claim 6, configured so that when fixed to the inner periphery of the shell, the inner surface of the upper end of the shell liner is positioned at the same position as or radially inward from the inner surface of the lower end of an input hood disposed above the shell in a plan view. A shell liner for a vertical crusher according to claim 6, wherein the first liner portion has a protruding portion at the front end in the direction of rotation of the rotor, the protruding portion protruding radially inward within the thickness of the second liner portion . 9. The shell liner for a vertical crusher according to claim 8, wherein the protruding portion has an inclined portion on the inner wall surface of the first liner portion that is inclined radially inward toward the end portion. 10. The shell liner for a vertical crusher according to claim 8, wherein the inner wall surface of the first liner portion is formed flat except for the flange portion and the protrusion portion.