JP7762373B2 - Lightweight building blocks and lightweight self-supporting walls using them - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a lightweight building block and a lightweight self-supporting wall using the same. More particularly, the present invention relates to a lightweight building block that is lightweight and easy to construct and a lightweight self-supporting wall using the same.

Technologies such as those described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 are known in the past.

<Patent Document 1> Japanese Patent No. 7262193 Patent Document 1 states:
The objective of the document is to provide a lightweight self-supporting wall and a construction method for the same, which "enables free-standing wall construction because the material itself can be easily bent and processed to the extent that it can be cut with a cutter or the like, thereby enabling free-thinking design, and because the material itself is lightweight, there is almost no risk of human casualties due to collapse during an earthquake, and which is also excellent in terms of manufacturing costs" (paragraph 0006 of the document).
"A lightweight self-supporting wall is formed by forming a foundation of concrete or concrete blocks and then arranging a plurality of lightweight panels made of lightweight foam material on the foundation. The wall comprises a plurality of lightweight panels placed on the concrete or concrete block foundation, an adhesive for fixing the lightweight panels to the foundation, deformed reinforcing bars installed vertically between the lightweight panels, mortar blocks installed in the gaps between the lightweight panels where the deformed reinforcing bars are located, a base coat layer applied to the outer and inner surfaces and top surfaces of the lightweight panels and the foundation, a mesh sheet layer attached to the outer and inner surfaces of the lightweight panels and the outer and inner surfaces and top surfaces of the lightweight panels, and a finishing layer applied to the foundation, the base coat layer, the mesh sheet layer, and the finishing layer integrating the foundation and the lightweight panels, and the adhesive is a mixture of expanded polystyrene and cement" (paragraph 0007 of the same document).
A lightweight freestanding wall is described.

However, the lightweight panels that constitute this lightweight freestanding wall do not have recesses and projections on their sides or the like that fit together.
Therefore, it is not easy to construct a freestanding wall or the like using such lightweight panels.

<Patent Document 2> Japanese Patent No. 7387657 Patent Document 2 states:
"The purpose is to provide a lightweight self-supporting wall that is easy to work with during construction" (paragraph 0005 of the same document),
"A plurality of lightweight panels that are joined together horizontally and erected,
A notched recess is provided along the up-down direction on each of the butt surfaces of the lightweight panels to be joined;
a through hole formed by the opposing notched recesses when the lightweight panels are butted together;
a plurality of support members that are inserted into the through holes and erected at intervals on a base portion on which the lightweight panel is to be installed;
A lightweight self-supporting wall comprising: a joint cement molding filled in the through hole and hardened;
The joint cement composition for forming the joint cement molded product is a composition obtained by mixing 100 parts by mass of a cement-based non-shrinkage grout material, 20 to 100 parts by mass of cement, and 100 to 200 parts by mass of silica sand No. 6,
The flow value of the slurry of the bonding cement composition obtained in accordance with JASS15M-103 is 125 to 250 mm" (paragraph 0006 of the same document).
A lightweight freestanding wall is described.

However, before filling the through holes 24 formed by butting the cutout recesses 23 with slurry, this lightweight self-supporting wall requires work such as abutting plate-shaped support material 63 on both sides of the upper end spanning the lightweight panels 21 to prevent the upper end side of the through holes 24 from opening, and fixing it with clamps (not shown) (paragraphs 0034 to 0036 of the same document).
Therefore, it is not easy to construct a freestanding wall or the like using such lightweight panels.

Patent No. 7262193 Patent No. 7387657

The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a lightweight block for construction that is easy to construct, and a lightweight free-standing wall using the same.

In order to solve the above problems, the lightweight building block of the present invention has the following features:
A lightweight building block having a rectangular parallelepiped shape made of a lightweight material,
At least one of the front, back, top, bottom, left and right sides is provided with a recess or protrusion that fits with a protrusion or recess that is provided on the back, front, bottom, top, right or left side of an adjacent lightweight building block,
The adhesive sheet is characterized in that at least one through hole is provided in the center portion in the left-right direction, through which the rod-shaped support member passes in the up-down direction and through which the adhesive material flows.

Due to the above-mentioned structure, the lightweight building block can provide the following effects.
For example, when building a wall or the like by stacking several lightweight architectural blocks on a foundation with rod-shaped support members erected thereon, the lightweight architectural block with the rod-shaped support members passing through its through-hole can be connected to an adjacent lightweight architectural block by fitting the recessed and protruding portions between the two blocks together, and with this position maintained, adhesive material can be poured into the through-holes.
Therefore, compared with the above-mentioned prior art, it becomes possible to easily construct structures such as lightweight freestanding walls.
Furthermore, the work of passing the rod-shaped support members through the through holes of the lightweight building blocks can be easily performed because the lightweight building blocks are made of a lightweight material.

In this lightweight building block,
The left or right end of the front or back surface may be provided with a recess or protrusion that fits into a protrusion or recess of an adjacent lightweight building block in plan view.

When configured in this manner, for example, adjacent lightweight building blocks that are perpendicular to each other in a plan view can be connected in an orthogonal state and maintained in their position by fitting the recessed and protruding portions provided between the two blocks together, and with the position maintained in this manner, adhesive material can be poured into the through holes.
Therefore, it becomes possible to easily construct structures such as orthogonal lightweight freestanding walls.

In order to solve the above problems, the lightweight freestanding wall of the present invention comprises:
A lightweight self-supporting wall comprising a foundation, a rod-shaped support member erected on the foundation, and a plurality of rectangular parallelepiped lightweight blocks for construction made of lightweight material stacked on the foundation via adhesive,
At least two of the plurality of lightweight building blocks are
At least one of the front, back, top, bottom, left and right sides is provided with a recess or protrusion that fits into a protrusion or recess provided on the back, front, bottom, top, right or left side of an adjacent lightweight building block,
This lightweight building block is characterized in that it has at least one through hole in the center in the left-right direction, through which the rod-shaped support member passes in the up-down direction and through which adhesive material is poured.

Due to the above-mentioned structure, the lightweight self-supporting wall can provide the following effects.
This lightweight freestanding wall can be constructed by piling up a plurality of lightweight building blocks with adhesive on a foundation on which rod-shaped support members are erected.
During construction, at least two of the multiple lightweight architectural blocks can be held in a connected state by fitting together the recessed and protruding portions provided between them, and with this position maintained, adhesive material can be poured into the through holes.
Therefore, it can be constructed more easily than the above-mentioned conventional technology.
Furthermore, the work of passing the rod-shaped support members through the through holes of the lightweight building blocks can be easily performed because the lightweight building blocks are made of a lightweight material.

In this lightweight self-supporting wall,
a first tier of lightweight building blocks that are stacked on the foundation via an adhesive; and a second tier of lightweight building blocks that are stacked on the first tier of lightweight building blocks via an adhesive,
The vertical length of the second-stage lightweight building block may be longer than the vertical length of the first-stage lightweight building block.

With this configuration, first-tier lightweight building blocks, which are shorter in vertical length than the second-tier lightweight building blocks, are first stacked on the foundation using adhesive, allowing for easy and accurate leveling of the first-tier lightweight building blocks. Then, by stacking second-tier lightweight building blocks, which are longer in vertical length than the first-tier lightweight building blocks, a lightweight freestanding wall can be constructed more easily, quickly, and efficiently than if only multiple first-tier lightweight building blocks were stacked.

In this lightweight self-supporting wall,
The upper surface of the first-stage lightweight building block and the lower surface of the second-stage lightweight building block may be provided with recesses and protrusions that fit together.

With this configuration, the recessed and protruding portions on the top surface of the first tier of lightweight building blocks and the underside of the second tier of lightweight building blocks fit together, making it easy to position the second tier of lightweight building blocks relative to the first tier of lightweight building blocks. Furthermore, adhesive material can be poured into the through holes of both lightweight building blocks while maintaining their position, allowing for the construction of a lightweight freestanding wall reliably, easily, and efficiently in a short amount of time.

In this lightweight self-supporting wall,
A cap-shaped lightweight architectural block is placed on the top of the lightweight freestanding wall, and the underside of this cap-shaped lightweight architectural block and the upper side of the architectural lightweight block placed directly below this cap-shaped lightweight architectural block can be provided with interlocking recesses and protrusions.
With this configuration, a lightweight freestanding wall with a coping can be easily constructed.

1 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a lightweight block for construction according to the present invention, showing a front view, a plan view, a left side view of the plan view, and a right side view of the plan view. FIG. FIG. 1 is a front view of one embodiment of a lightweight freestanding wall. FIG. 1 is a front view of one embodiment of a lightweight freestanding wall. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a lightweight building block, including a front view, a plan view, a left side view of the plan view, and a right side view of the plan view. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a lightweight building block, including a front view, a plan view, a left side view of the plan view, and a right side view of the plan view. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a lightweight building block, including a front view, a plan view, a left side view of the plan view, and a right side view of the plan view. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a lightweight building block, including a front view, a plan view, a left side view of the plan view, and a right side view of the plan view. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a lightweight building block, including a front view, a plan view, a left side view of the plan view, and a right side view of the plan view. 10A and 10B are diagrams showing examples of connections between lightweight construction blocks arranged perpendicular to each other in a plan view. This figure shows an example of a lightweight block for construction in the form of a coping, where (a) is a front view, (b) is a plan view, (c) is a back view, (d) is a left side view of (b), (e) is a right side view of (b), and (f) is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view showing the block in use. (a) is a diagram showing an example of an architectural lightweight block fascia for inside corners, showing a front view, a plan view, a left side view of the plan view, and a right side view of the plan view; (b) is a diagram showing an example of an architectural lightweight block fascia for outside corners, showing a front view, a plan view, a left side view of the plan view, and a right side view of the plan view. 1A and 1B are diagrams showing an embodiment of a lightweight yard roof, in which FIG. 1A is a front view and FIG. 1B is a right side view. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a lightweight building block, including a front view, a plan view, a left side view of the plan view, and a right side view of the plan view. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a lightweight building block, including a front view, a plan view, a left side view of the plan view, and a right side view of the plan view. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a lightweight building block, including a front view, a plan view, a left side view of the plan view, and a right side view of the plan view. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a lightweight building block, including a front view, a plan view, a left side view of the plan view, and a right side view of the plan view. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a lightweight freestanding wall having a slit (opening) S, showing a front view, a plan view, and a left side view. A diagram showing an example of a lightweight architectural block suitable for constructing a lightweight freestanding wall, including a front view, plan view, left side view, and right side view. A diagram showing an example of a lightweight architectural block suitable for constructing a lightweight freestanding wall, including a front view, plan view, left side view, and right side view. A diagram showing an example of a lightweight architectural block suitable for constructing a lightweight freestanding wall, including a front view, plan view, left side view, and right side view. A diagram showing an example of a lightweight architectural block suitable for constructing a lightweight freestanding wall, including a front view, plan view, left side view, and right side view. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a lightweight freestanding wall having a slit (opening) S, showing a front view, a plan view, and a left side view. A diagram showing an example of a lightweight architectural block suitable for constructing a lightweight freestanding wall, including a front view, plan view, left side view, and right side view. A diagram showing an example of a lightweight architectural block suitable for constructing a lightweight freestanding wall, including a front view, plan view, left side view, and right side view. A diagram showing an example of a lightweight architectural block suitable for constructing a lightweight freestanding wall, including a front view, plan view, left side view, and right side view. A diagram showing an example of a lightweight architectural block suitable for constructing a lightweight freestanding wall, including a front view, plan view, left side view, and right side view. A diagram showing an example of lightweight building blocks suitable for constructing gateposts, including a front view, plan view, left side view, and right side view. A diagram showing an example of lightweight building blocks suitable for constructing gateposts, including a front view, plan view, left side view, and right side view. A diagram showing an example of lightweight building blocks suitable for constructing gateposts, including a front view, plan view, left side view, and right side view. A diagram showing an example of lightweight building blocks suitable for constructing gateposts, including a front view, plan view, left side view, and right side view. A diagram showing an example of lightweight building blocks suitable for constructing gateposts, including a front view, plan view, left side view, and right side view. A diagram showing an example of lightweight building blocks suitable for constructing gateposts, including a front view, plan view, left side view, and right side view. This is a diagram showing an example of a lightweight block for use in construction with a top plate for constructing a lightweight yard roof, and includes a front view, a plan view, a left side view of the plan view, a right side view of the plan view, and a partially omitted bottom view. A diagram showing front views of multiple structures simultaneously.

The following describes embodiments of lightweight blocks for construction, as well as lightweight freestanding walls and lightweight yard roofs using these blocks, with reference to the drawings. Note that in each drawing, identical or corresponding parts are designated by the same reference numerals, but in some cases the reference numerals may be omitted if they are self-evident.

The lightweight building blocks 10 (A1 to H) shown in FIGS. 1 to 34 (which will be described mainly with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2) are all:
A lightweight building block having a rectangular parallelepiped shape and made of a lightweight material (e.g., polystyrene foam),
At least one of the front face F, back face B, top face U, bottom face D, left side face L, and right side face R is provided with a recess 12D or a protrusion 11U or the like that fits with a protrusion 11U or a recess 12D or the like that is provided on the back face B, front face F, bottom face D, top face U, right side face R, or left side face L of an adjacent lightweight building block (for example, the lightweight building block 10A1 shown in FIG. 2 );
The structure is characterized in that at least one through hole 13 is provided in the central portion C in the left-right direction, through which the rod-shaped support member 2 (see Figure 2) passes in the vertical direction and through which an adhesive material (e.g., mortar) is poured.

With the above structure, this lightweight building block provides the following benefits:

For example, as shown in Figure 2, when a wall 3A1 or the like is constructed by stacking a plurality of lightweight architectural blocks (e.g., 10A1) on a foundation 1 on which rod-shaped support members (e.g., reinforcing bars) 2 are erected, the lightweight architectural block with the rod-shaped support members 2 passing through the through holes 13 and the adjacent lightweight architectural block can be connected by fitting the recessed portions 12D, etc. and the protruding portions 11U, etc. provided between the two lightweight architectural blocks (10A1) together, and with the position maintained in this manner, adhesive material can be poured into the through holes 13.
Therefore, compared to the above-mentioned prior art, it becomes possible to easily construct structures such as lightweight freestanding walls.

Furthermore, the task of passing the rod-shaped support member 2 through the through-hole 13 of the lightweight building block (the task of dropping the lightweight building block from above the rod-shaped support member 2 so that the through-hole 13 is aligned with the rod-shaped support member 2) can be easily performed because the lightweight building block is made of a lightweight material.

For example, as shown in FIG. 2, the lightweight self-supporting wall 3 of this embodiment has the following features:
A lightweight self-supporting wall comprising a foundation 1, a rod-shaped support member 2 erected on the foundation 1, and a plurality of lightweight rectangular parallelepiped blocks (10A1) for construction made of lightweight material stacked on the foundation 1 via adhesive 14,
At least two (in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 , all) of the plurality of lightweight building blocks are
As described above, at least one of the front, back, top, bottom, left and right sides is provided with a recess or protrusion that fits with a protrusion or recess provided on the back, front, bottom, top, right or left side of an adjacent lightweight building block,
This lightweight building block has at least one (two in the embodiment shown in Figure 2) through hole 13 in the center in the left-right direction, through which the rod-shaped support member 2 passes in the up-down direction and through which adhesive material is poured.

With the above configuration, this lightweight freestanding wall 3 provides the following benefits:

This lightweight freestanding wall 3A1 can be constructed by piling up a plurality of lightweight building blocks (10A1) with adhesive 14 on a foundation 1 on which rod-shaped support members 2 are erected.
During construction, at least two of the plurality of lightweight architectural blocks can be held in a connected state by fitting together the recessed and protruding portions provided between them, and with the position held in this way, adhesive material can be poured into the through-holes 13.
Therefore, it is possible to construct the system more easily than the above-mentioned conventional technology.
Furthermore, the work of passing the rod-shaped support members 2 through the through holes 13 of the lightweight building blocks can be easily performed because the lightweight building blocks are made of a lightweight material.

The lightweight self-supporting wall 3A2 shown in FIG.
The building structure comprises a first-stage lightweight building block (10A1) that is stacked on a foundation (1) via an adhesive (14), and a second-stage lightweight building block (10A2) that is stacked on the first-stage lightweight building block (10A1) via an adhesive (14),
The vertical length L2 of the second lightweight building block 10A2 is longer than the vertical length L1 of the first lightweight building block 10A1.

With this configuration, the first-tier lightweight building blocks 10A1, which are shorter in vertical length than the second-tier lightweight building blocks 10A2, are first stacked on the foundation 1 using adhesive 14, allowing for easy and accurate leveling of the first-tier lightweight building blocks 10A1. Next, the second-tier lightweight building blocks 10A2, which are longer in vertical length than the first-tier lightweight building blocks 10A1, are stacked, allowing for the lightweight freestanding wall 3A2 to be constructed more easily, quickly, and efficiently than if multiple first-tier lightweight building blocks 10A1 alone were stacked.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a second-stage lightweight building block 10A2.
For example, as shown in Figures 1 and 4, the upper surface U of the first-tier lightweight building block 10A1 and the lower surface D of the second-tier lightweight building block 10A2 are provided with a recess 12D and a protrusion 11U that fit together.

With this configuration, the recessed portion 12D and the protruding portion 11U on the top surface U of the first lightweight building block 10A1 and the bottom surface D of the second lightweight building block 10A2 fit together, making it easy to position the second lightweight building block 10A2 relative to the first lightweight building block 10A1. Furthermore, adhesive material can be poured into the through-holes 13 of both lightweight building blocks while maintaining their positioning. This allows for a reliable, easy, and efficient construction of a lightweight freestanding wall in a short amount of time.

The lightweight building block 10C1 shown in FIG.
At the right end of the front face F, a recess C1 is provided that fits into the protrusion 11L of the lightweight building block (for example, the lightweight building block 10A1 in FIG. 9(a)) that is arranged adjacently in a plan view.
The lightweight building block 10C2 shown in FIG.
A recess C2 is provided at the right end of the back surface B to fit into the protrusion 11L of the lightweight building block (for example, the lightweight building block 10A1 in FIG. 9(b)) that is arranged adjacently in plan view.

When configured in this manner, as shown in Figure 9(a) or (b), for example, adjacent and perpendicular lightweight building blocks (10A1 and 10C1 (or 10C2)) can be connected in an orthogonal state and maintained in their position by fitting the recessed and protruding portions provided between them in a plan view, and with the position maintained in this manner, adhesive material can be poured into the through hole 13.
Therefore, it becomes possible to easily construct structures such as perpendicular walls.

The concave and convex relationships of each lightweight building block in Figure 9(a) or (b) may be reversed, and the same effect can be achieved even if the concave or convex portions on the front or back of lightweight building blocks 10C1 and 10C2 are located on the left edge of the front or back.

The lightweight building blocks 10C3 and 10C4 shown in Figures 7 and 8, respectively, have a vertical length L2 that is the same as that of the lightweight building blocks 10C1 and 10C2, making them suitable for use as the second-tier lightweight building blocks mentioned above.

For example, as shown in FIG.
A coping-shaped lightweight architectural block 10G1 is placed at the top of the lightweight freestanding wall 3A2 (see Figure 3), and the underside D of this coping-shaped lightweight architectural block 10G1 and the upper side U of the lightweight architectural block 10A2 placed directly below this coping-shaped lightweight architectural block 10G1 are provided with a recess GD and a protrusion 11U that fit together.

With this configuration, a lightweight freestanding wall with a coping can be easily constructed.
In addition, if the lightweight freestanding wall has an orthogonal portion when viewed in a plane, depending on whether it is an inside corner or an outside corner, an architectural lightweight block fascia 10G2 for inside corners as shown in Figure 11(a) is attached to the inside corner, and an architectural lightweight block fascia 10G3 for outside corners as shown in Figure 11(b) is attached to the outside corner.

As shown in Figure 10, the upper surface U of the coping-shaped lightweight architectural block 10G1 in this embodiment forms a tapered surface T that protrudes outward beyond the front surface F or rear surface B of the lightweight freestanding wall 3A2, and the lower end U2 of this protrusion forms a drip edge.

For example, as shown in FIGS. 12 and 34, the lightweight yard roof 4 of this embodiment has the following features:
Basic 1 and
A plurality of lightweight blocks for construction 10A110A2 and the like are stacked on the foundation 1 via adhesive 14, and left and right lightweight self-supporting walls 3A3, 3A3 are arranged at an interval;
and a top-plate-shaped lightweight building block 10H that is erected on the top of the left and right lightweight self-supporting walls 3A3, 3A3.
The left and right ends of the bottom surface of this top-plate-like lightweight building block 10H and the upper ends of the left and right lightweight freestanding walls are provided with recesses HD and protrusions 11U that fit together.

With the above configuration, the lightweight yard roof 4 can easily construct the left and right lightweight freestanding walls 3A3, 3A3 as described above. Furthermore, by placing a top-plate-shaped lightweight architectural block 10H on top of the walls and engaging the recesses HD and protrusions 11U on the left and right edges of the underside of the top-plate-shaped lightweight architectural block 10H with the upper edges of the left and right lightweight freestanding walls 3A3, the lightweight yard roof can be easily constructed.

This will be explained in more detail below.
The lightweight building blocks 10 (A1 to H) can all be made of a known lightweight material (such as polystyrene foam) that is sufficiently lighter (at least half the weight) than known concrete blocks.

Concave or convex portions on lightweight building blocks can be provided in appropriate locations depending on the use and placement location of the lightweight building block.

For example, none of the lightweight building blocks 10B1, 10B2, and 10B3 shown in FIGS. 13 to 15 has a recess or a protrusion on the left side surface L.
Therefore, such lightweight building blocks 10B1, 10B2, and 10B3 are suitable for placement at the left end of, for example, a lightweight freestanding wall 3A1, etc. Figure 34 shows an example of a lightweight building block 10B2.

Compared to lightweight building block 10B1, lightweight building block 10B2 is longer in the left-right direction (twice as long as shown), and lightweight building block 10B3 is longer in both the left-right and up-down directions (twice as long as shown). Lightweight building block 10B3 is suitable as the second-tier lightweight building block mentioned above.

Furthermore, the lightweight building block 10D1 shown in FIG. 16 has neither a recess nor a protrusion on the right side surface R.
Therefore, such a lightweight building block 10D1 is suitable for placement at the right end of, for example, a lightweight freestanding wall 3A1.
Although not shown, similar to the lightweight building blocks 10B2 and 10B3 described above, blocks that are long in the left-right direction, or blocks that are long in both the left-right and up-down directions, can be prepared.

As shown in Figure 1, the recessed portions 11R and protruding portions 11L on the left and right surfaces of the lightweight building block are dovetail-shaped, improving positioning accuracy and connecting strength in the left-right direction.

Figure 17 is a diagram showing an example of a lightweight freestanding wall 3B1 having a slit (opening) S, and Figures 18 to 21 are diagrams showing lightweight architectural blocks 10E1 to 10E4 suitable for constructing this lightweight freestanding wall 3B1.
The lightweight freestanding wall 3B1 having the slits (openings) S is constructed by assembling (connecting) the lightweight building blocks 10E1 to 10E4 shown in FIGS. 18 to 21 as shown in FIG.
This lightweight freestanding wall 3B1 has convex portions 11L and concave portions 12R on the left and right side surfaces L and R, and is therefore suitable for connecting other structures 3A1 etc. to the left and right, as shown in FIG. 34, for example.

Figure 22 is a diagram showing an example of a lightweight freestanding wall 3B2 having a slit (opening) S, and Figures 23 to 26 are diagrams showing lightweight architectural blocks 10F1 to 10F4 suitable for constructing this lightweight freestanding wall 3B2.
The lightweight freestanding wall 3B2 having the slits (openings) S is constructed by assembling (connecting) the lightweight building blocks 10F1 to 10F4 shown in FIGS. 13 to 26 as shown in FIG.
This lightweight freestanding wall 3B2 does not have any convex or concave portions on the left and right side surfaces L and R, and is therefore suitable for cases where other structures or the like are not connected to the left and right sides.

27 and 28 are diagrams showing lightweight building blocks 10D1 and 10D2 suitable for constructing the gatepost 5A1 shown in FIG. 34, for example.
By stacking one or more of these lightweight building blocks 10D1 and 10D2, a gatepost of the desired height (e.g., 5A1) can be constructed. A coping-shaped lightweight building block 10G1 of the same width can be attached to the top of the gatepost.

29 and 30 are diagrams showing lightweight building blocks 10D3 and 10D4 suitable for constructing the gatepost 5A2 shown in FIG. 34, for example.
By stacking one or more of these lightweight building blocks 10D3 and 10D4, a gatepost of the desired height (e.g., 5A2) can be constructed. A coping-shaped lightweight building block 10G1 of the same width can be attached to the top of the gatepost.

31 and 32 are diagrams showing lightweight building blocks 10D5 and 10D6 suitable for constructing the gatepost 5A3 shown in FIG. 34, for example.
By stacking one or more of these lightweight building blocks 10D5 and 10D6, a gatepost of the desired height (e.g., 5A3) can be constructed. A coping-shaped lightweight building block 10G1 of the same width can be attached to the top of the gatepost.

FIG. 33 is a diagram showing a specific example of a lightweight block for construction 10H in the form of a top plate for constructing the yard roof 4 described above.
This lightweight block 10H for building in the shape of a top has through holes 13 at the four corners for pouring adhesive material, and recesses 12D (HD) are provided on the left and right sides of the underside to fit into the protrusions 11U of the left and right lightweight self-supporting walls 3A3, 3A3.
The upper surface U has a tapered shape T that gradually descends from the rear to the front, and a recessed groove U1 that functions as a gutter is provided on the entire upper surface. A drain groove D1 is provided in the front part of the lower surface D.

The adhesive material poured into the through holes 13 of the lightweight building blocks as described above can be a known adhesive material (for example, mortar).
Regarding the first layer of lightweight building blocks (e.g., 10A1), it is desirable to use quick-drying mortar as the adhesive material so that they can be stacked on the foundation 1 with adhesive 14 and leveled easily and quickly.
The lightweight building blocks that make up the structure can be joined together with an adhesive as needed. In particular, it is desirable to glue adjacent lightweight building blocks together as needed.

All of the structures described above are covered with a suitably strong net material (such as a glass fiber net), which is then coated with mortar (Cationite) to harden the base, and then coated again with mortar mixed with a waterproofing agent (such as Manol waterproofing material), and finally a finishing material is applied by painting or other means to complete the construction.

The overall basic construction process is as follows:
(1)
The foundation 1 is constructed of concrete or concrete blocks, and a predetermined number of rod-shaped support members (for example, reinforcing bars) are erected on the foundation 1 at predetermined intervals.
(2)
A thick layer of adhesive (including caulking material) 14 is applied to the top surface of the foundation 1.
(3)
A first-stage lightweight building block (e.g., 10A1) is dropped onto the foundation 1 so that the rod-like support member 2 passes through the through-hole 13 of the lightweight building block, and the first-stage lightweight building block (e.g., 10A1) is fixed onto the foundation 1 with the adhesive 14.
When there are adjacent lightweight building blocks on the left and right of this lightweight building block (10A1), the recessed and protruding parts on the left and right faces of both blocks are slid from above to fit together and arranged.
(4)
After the first layer of lightweight building blocks has been placed, check the level with a level or the like, and fill the through holes 13 with mortar (preferably quick-drying mortar).
(5)
After the mortar has dried, the second and subsequent lightweight building blocks are stacked as needed, with adhesive 14 applied between the upper and lower blocks as needed.
(6)
Once the necessary lightweight building blocks have been stacked, the necessary sides of the structure (for example, the front and back) are covered with netting, and mortar (Cationite) is applied on top of the netting to harden the base, and then mortar mixed with a waterproofing agent (for example, Manol waterproofing) is applied again.
In this case, when a lightweight block for use as a fascia is installed on top of the wall structure, a net material N having a length sufficient to cover the lightweight block for use as a fascia 10G1 is used (see Figure 10 (f)).
(7)
Finally, a finishing material is applied, such as paint.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the gist of the present invention.
For example, the cross-sectional shape of the rod-shaped support member 2 is not limited to a circle, but may be a rectangle or a V-shape.
It is desirable that the lightweight freestanding wall be constructed by arranging lightweight building blocks 10A1, 10A2, etc. in a staggered pattern, as shown in FIG.

1: Foundation 2: Rod-shaped support member 4: Lightweight yard roof 3A1, 3A2: Lightweight self-supporting wall 10A1 to H: Lightweight building block 11L, 11U: Convex portion 12D, 12R: Concave portion 13: Through hole

Claims (4)

A lightweight building block having a rectangular parallelepiped shape made of a lightweight material,
The upper and lower surfaces are provided with recesses or protrusions that fit into protrusions or recesses provided on the lower and upper surfaces of adjacent lightweight blocks for construction in the vertical direction,
At least one through hole (13) is provided in the center portion in the left-right direction, through which the rod-shaped support member (2) passes in the up-down direction and through which the adhesive material flows;
The convex portion (11U) provided on the upper surface forms a protrusion extending in the longitudinal direction along a center line extending in the longitudinal direction of the upper surface of the block in a plan view, and this protrusion (11U) is provided at a position that does not block the through hole (13),
At least one of the left and right sides of the block is provided with a vertically extending convex portion (11L) that fits into a vertically extending concave portion (12R) provided on the right or left side of an adjacent lightweight building block in the left-right direction,
A lightweight building block characterized in that the convex portion (11L) provided on the left or right side surface is extended to the intersection with the protrusion (11U) on the top surface, and the protrusion (11U) on the top surface and the convex portion (11L) provided on the left or right side surface are tightly integrated at the intersection between them. A lightweight self-supporting wall comprising a foundation (1), a rod-shaped support member (2) erected on the foundation (1), and a plurality of rectangular parallelepiped lightweight blocks for construction made of lightweight material stacked on the foundation (1) with an adhesive (14),
At least two vertically adjacent lightweight building blocks among the plurality of lightweight building blocks are
The upper and lower surfaces are provided with recesses or protrusions that fit into protrusions or recesses provided on the lower and upper surfaces of adjacent lightweight blocks for construction in the vertical direction,
At least one through hole (13) is provided in the center portion in the left-right direction, through which the rod-shaped support member (2) passes in the up-down direction and through which the adhesive material flows;
The convex portion (11U) provided on the upper surface forms a protrusion extending in the longitudinal direction along a center line extending in the longitudinal direction of the upper surface of the block in a plan view, and this protrusion (11U) is provided at a position that does not block the through hole (13),
At least one of the left and right sides of the block is provided with a vertically extending convex portion (11L) that fits into a vertically extending concave portion (12R) provided on the right or left side of an adjacent lightweight building block in the left-right direction,
A lightweight self-supporting wall characterized in that the protrusion (11U) on the upper surface and the convex portion (11L) provided on the left side or right side are tightly and integrally connected at the intersection of the two. In claim 2 ,
The system comprises a first layer of lightweight building blocks (10A1) stacked on the foundation (1) via an adhesive (14), and a second layer of lightweight building blocks (10A2) stacked on the first layer of lightweight building blocks (10A1) via an adhesive (14),
The lightweight freestanding wall is characterized in that the vertical length (L2) of the second-stage lightweight building block (10A2) is longer than the vertical length (L1) of the first-stage lightweight building block (10A1). In claim 2 or 3 ,
A coping-shaped lightweight architectural block (10G1) is placed on the top of the lightweight self-supporting wall, and a recess and a protrusion that fit together are provided on the underside of the coping-shaped lightweight architectural block (10G1) and on the upper side of the architectural lightweight block placed directly below the coping-shaped lightweight architectural block (10G1).