JP7764698B2 - Manufacturing method of molded product and transfer sheet - Google Patents

Description

This disclosure relates to a method for manufacturing a molded product and a transfer sheet.

The transfer method is known as a method for decorating the surfaces of items used in household electrical appliances, automobile interiors, miscellaneous goods, residential interior materials, and residential exterior materials. The transfer method uses a transfer sheet with a transfer layer on a substrate, adheres the transfer sheet to the item to be decorated, and then peels off the substrate to transfer the transfer layer to the item to be decorated. The transfer layer of the transfer sheet is composed of, for example, a surface protection layer and a pattern layer.

The surface shape of an item decorated using the transfer method reflects the surface shape of the base material. To avoid compromising the applicability of the transfer layer ink, substrates such as polyester film cannot have complex surface shapes. For this reason, the appearance of items decorated using typical transfer methods is divided into two types: high gloss and low gloss, making it impossible to impart a wide variety of designs.

In recent years, there has been a demand for designs that are more realistic and closer to the real thing, and improvements to transfer methods are required.
Patent Document 1 discloses an in-mold transfer foil that is characterized by having, on one side of a base film, a release layer, a hard coat layer containing an ultraviolet-curable resin, a printed layer having a predetermined picture pattern, and an adhesive layer for adhering the printed layer to the surface of a molded product, in that order, and having, on the other side of the base film, a roughness-forming layer made of a thermosetting resin.

JP 2012-183808 A

The in-mold transfer film of Patent Document 1 is able to form irregularities on the surface of a molded product according to the irregularity pattern, depending on the thickness of the resin that makes up the irregularity-forming layer. However, molded products obtained using the method of Patent Document 1 often lack a sufficient sense of irregularity on the surface.

The purpose of this disclosure is to provide a method for manufacturing a molded product and a transfer sheet that can improve the texture of the surface of a molded product obtained by a transfer method.

The present disclosure provides the following [1] to [2].
[1] A method for producing a molded product using a transfer sheet having a transfer layer on a substrate, in which a raised portion is formed on a part of the surface of the transfer layer opposite to the substrate, the method comprising the following steps 1 to 3:
Step 1: A step of obtaining a laminate by closely adhering the surface of the transfer sheet on the transfer layer side to an adherend.
Step 2: A step of pressing the transfer layer from the adherend side to form convex portions based on the raised portions on the surface of the transfer layer opposite to the adherend.
Step 3: A step of peeling the substrate from the laminate.
[2] A transfer sheet having a transfer layer on a substrate, the transfer layer having a surface protection layer and a protruding layer in this order from the substrate side, and a protruding portion based on the protruding layer on a part of the surface of the transfer layer opposite the substrate.

The method for manufacturing a molded product disclosed herein makes it possible to easily produce molded products with a favorable textured surface. By using the transfer sheet disclosed herein, it is possible to impart a favorable textured surface to the molded product.

1A to 1C are diagrams illustrating an embodiment of a manufacturing process for a molded product according to the present disclosure. FIG. 10 is another diagram for explaining one embodiment of the manufacturing process for the molded product of the present disclosure. FIG. 10 is another diagram for explaining one embodiment of the manufacturing process for the molded product of the present disclosure. 1 is a cross-sectional schematic view showing one embodiment of a transfer sheet of the present disclosure.

[Method of manufacturing molded product]
The method for producing a molded article according to the present disclosure uses a transfer sheet having a transfer layer on a substrate, in which a raised portion is formed on a part of the surface of the transfer layer opposite to the substrate, and includes the following steps 1 to 3:
Step 1: A step of obtaining a laminate by closely adhering the surface of the transfer sheet on the transfer layer side to an adherend.
Step 2: A step of pressing the transfer layer from the adherend side to form convex portions based on the raised portions on the surface of the transfer layer opposite to the adherend.
Step 3: A step of peeling the substrate from the laminate.

<Transfer sheet>
The transfer sheet 100 has a transfer layer 20 on a substrate 10, and a raised portion R1 is formed on a part of the surface of the transfer layer 20 opposite the substrate 10 (FIGS. 1 and 4). The transfer sheet 100 is formed so that the substrate 10 and the transfer layer 20 are separable from each other. The transfer sheet may have a release layer between the substrate and the transfer layer, and the release layer and the transfer layer may be separable from each other.

The layer structure of the transfer layer may be a single layer or a laminate of multiple layers. Examples of the layer structure of the transfer layer include the following (1) to (6).
(1) A layer structure having a surface protection layer and a raised layer in this order from the substrate side.
(2) A layer structure having a surface protection layer, a primer layer, and a raised layer in this order from the substrate side.
(3) A layer structure having a surface protection layer, a pattern layer, and a raised layer in this order from the substrate side.
(4) A layer structure having, from the substrate side, a surface protection layer, a primer layer, a pattern layer, and a raised layer in this order.
(5) A layer structure having a surface protection layer, a raised layer, and a pattern layer in this order from the substrate side.
(6) A layer structure having, from the substrate side, a surface protection layer, a primer layer, a raised layer, and a pattern layer in this order.

Embodiments of each layer that makes up the transfer sheet are described below in the "Transfer Sheet of the Present Disclosure" section.

The method for producing a molded article according to the present disclosure includes the above steps 1 to 3, using a transfer sheet having a raised portion formed on part of the surface of the transfer layer opposite the substrate.
Of steps 1 to 3, steps 1 and 2 may be performed substantially simultaneously. Of course, steps 1 and 2 may also be separate steps separated in time.
Steps 1 and 2 can be carried out by a general-purpose transfer process such as lamination transfer and in-mold transfer.

1 to 3 are diagrams illustrating one embodiment of a manufacturing process for a molded product according to the present disclosure.
1 shows the state before the transfer sheet 100 and the adherend 200 are brought into close contact with each other. That is, FIG. 1 shows the state before step 1 is carried out.
The transfer sheet 100 and the adherend 200 may be in the form of a sheet or a roll.

In Figure 1, an adhesive layer 300 is formed on the adherend 200. If the adhesion between the transfer layer 20 of the transfer sheet and the adherend 200 is insufficient, it is preferable to place the adhesive layer 300 between the transfer sheet 100 and the adherend 200.

The adhesive contained in the adhesive layer can be a general-purpose adhesive such as a moisture-curing adhesive, a dry-curing adhesive, a UV-curing adhesive, a heat-sensitive adhesive, a pressure-sensitive adhesive, etc. Among these, a heat-sensitive adhesive is preferred because it provides a good balance between adhesion, ease of handling, and ease of forming convex portions.
The thickness of the adhesive layer is preferably 2 μm or more and 50 μm or less, more preferably 2 μm or more and 30 μm or less, and even more preferably 3 μm or more and 20 μm or less, in order to improve adhesion between the adherend and the transfer layer and for cost-effectiveness.
To facilitate the formation of convex portions on the surface of the molded article, the thickness of the adhesive layer is preferably smaller than the height of the raised portion R1 of the transfer sheet. If the thickness of the adhesive layer is greater than the height of the raised portion R1 of the transfer sheet, the difference between the thickness of the adhesive layer and the height of the raised portion R1 is preferably 30 μm or less to facilitate the formation of convex portions on the surface of the molded article.

The material of the adherend is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include wood, fiber, ceramics, metal, resin, etc. In the in-mold transfer method described below, the main component of the adherend is usually resin.
The thickness of the adherend is not particularly limited and may be selected depending on the purpose.

Fig. 2 shows the state in which the surface of the transfer sheet 100 on the transfer layer 20 side and the adherend 200 are closely attached to form a laminate 400. Furthermore, Fig. 2 shows that a convex portion R2 based on the raised portion R1 is formed on the surface of the transfer layer 20 opposite the adherend 200. In other words, Fig. 2 shows the state after steps 1 and 2.
As described above, steps 1 and 2 may be substantially simultaneous steps or may be separate steps separated in time. In the case of transfer using a roll laminator and in-mold transfer, which will be described later, steps 1 and 2 are usually substantially simultaneous steps.

In step 1, the following methods (1) to (3) can be used to bring the transfer layer side of the transfer sheet into close contact with the adherend. The following methods (1) to (3) may be combined.
(1) A means that utilizes the adhesive force of the transfer layer side of the transfer sheet.
(2) A means of utilizing the adhesive force of the adherend.
(3) A means of interposing an adhesive between the transfer sheet and the adherend and utilizing the adhesive force of the adhesive.

In step 2, the transfer layer is pressed from the adherend side to form convex portions based on the raised portions on the surface of the transfer layer opposite to the adherend.
When laminate transfer is used as the transfer process, the pressure of a pair of upper and lower laminating rolls can be used to apply the pressure during pressing in step 2. When in-mold transfer is used as the transfer process, the pressure during pressing in step 3 can be applied by the pressure exerted when the injected resin collides with the transfer layer.
As shown in FIG. 2, normally, protrusions based on the raised portions are also formed on the surface of the substrate 10 .

The shape and height of the protrusions R2 generally correlate with the shape and height of the raised portions R1. However, a layer constituting the transfer layer is interposed between the raised portions R1 and the protrusions R2. Furthermore, a substrate is present on the opposite side of the transfer layer from the adherend. For this reason, the shape and height of the protrusions R2 and the shape and height of the raised portions R1 usually do not completely match. In particular, the height of the protrusions R2 tends to be lower than the height of the raised portions R1 at the time of step 1. Furthermore, the width of the protrusions R2 tends to be slightly wider than the width of the raised portions R1. Note that when comparing the height of the raised portions R1 in FIG. 1 with the height of the raised portions R1 in FIG. 2, the height of the raised portions R1 in FIG. 2 is slightly lower due to the influence of the pressing force in step 2.
As described above, the shape and height of the convex portions on the surface of the molded article generally conform to the embodiment of the "raised portion" of the "transfer sheet of the present disclosure" described below. The height of the convex portions on the surface of the molded article is preferably 3.0 μm or more, more preferably 8.0 μm or more, and even more preferably 12.0 μm or more, in order to facilitate a good sense of unevenness. Furthermore, by making the height of the convex portions on the surface of the molded article 3.0 μm or more, it is possible to facilitate a good tactile feel. In this specification, "good tactile feel" means that the unevenness is easily felt when touched with a finger.
If the height of the convex portions on the surface of the molded article is too high, when an object comes into contact with the surface of the molded article, it is likely to get caught on the convex portions, and the surface of the molded article is likely to be scratched. For this reason, the height of the convex portions is preferably 50.0 μm or less, more preferably 25.0 μm or less, and even more preferably 20.0 μm or less.

In this specification, the height of the convex portion can be calculated as follows (1) and (2).
(1) Calculate the maximum height of each convex portion.
(2) The average value of the maximum heights of the 20 convex portions is taken as the height of the convex portion.

The laminate manufacturing method of the present disclosure does not require the placement of a substrate such as a plastic film between the raised portions and the convex portions. If a substrate is placed between the raised portions and the convex portions, the shape and height of the raised portions are moderated due to the influence of the thick substrate, and the resulting convex portions tend to be lower in height and have smoother edges. For this reason, if a substrate is placed between the raised portions and the convex portions, as in Patent Document 1, it is difficult to achieve a satisfactory texture of the convex portions on the surface of the molded product. On the other hand, the laminate manufacturing method of the present disclosure does not require the placement of a substrate between the raised portions and the convex portions, which is advantageous in that it makes it easier to achieve a satisfactory texture of the convex portions on the surface of the molded product.

Step 3 is a step of peeling the substrate from the laminate.
FIG. 3 shows a state in which a molded body 500 is obtained by peeling off the substrate 10 from the laminate 400 .
As shown in FIG. 3, a convex portion R2 is formed on the surface of the molded body 500 on the transfer layer 20 side.

Below, we will explain laminate transfer and in-mold transfer embodiments, which are representative examples of embodiments of the manufacturing method for molded articles disclosed herein.

<Lamination transfer>
The laminate transfer includes, for example, the following steps A1 and A2.
Step A1: A step of overlapping the transfer layer side of the transfer sheet with the adherend.
Step A2: A step of pressing the superposed transfer sheet and adherend.

In step A1, an adhesive layer 200 may be formed in advance on the surface of the adherend 200 facing the transfer sheet 100.

In the case of laminate transfer, it is preferable that the adherend have a higher Martens hardness than the raised portions of the transfer sheet. By making the Martens hardness of the adherend higher than the raised portions, it becomes easier to form convex portions on the surface of the transfer layer. When a metal is used as the adherend, it is preferable because it is easier to make the Martens hardness of the adherend higher than the raised portions.

Step A2 is a step in which step 1 and step 2 of the method for producing a molded article of the present disclosure are carried out substantially simultaneously.
An example of the means for applying pressure in step A2 is to pass the superposed transfer sheet and adherend between a roll laminator having a pair of upper and lower rolls. When a roll laminator is used, steps A1 and A2 can be carried out substantially simultaneously.
In step A2, conditions such as pressure and conveying speed may be adjusted appropriately depending on the material used.

In step A2, heating or ultraviolet irradiation may be performed as necessary. For example, if the adhesive is a heat-sensitive adhesive, heating is preferably performed in step A2. One example of a heating method is to increase the temperature of the rolls of a roll laminator.

<In-mold transfer>
The in-mold transfer process includes, for example, the following steps B1 to B4.
B1: A step of placing the transfer sheet so that the transfer layer side of the transfer sheet faces the inside of the in-mold forming die.
B2: A step of injecting a composition for an adherend into the in-mold molding die.
B3: A step of obtaining a laminate by closely adhering the transfer layer side of the transfer sheet to the adherend on which the composition for adherend has solidified.
B4: A step of removing the laminate from the mold.

In in-mold transfer, a composition for an adherend is injected into a mold and solidifies to form an adherend.
The composition for an adherend preferably contains a molten resin as a main component, and the proportion of the molten resin relative to the total amount of the composition for an adherend is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, even more preferably 90% by mass or more, and even more preferably 95% by mass or more.
Examples of the resin of the composition for adherend include thermoplastic resins such as polystyrene-based resins, polyolefin-based resins, ABS resins (including heat-resistant ABS resins), AS resins, PC/ABS-based resins, PC/AS-based resins, AN resins, polyphenylene oxide-based resins, polycarbonate-based resins, polyacetal-based resins, acrylic-based resins, polyethylene terephthalate-based resins, polybutylene terephthalate-based resins, polysulfone-based resins, and polyphenylene sulfide-based resins.

The composition for adherends may contain additives such as pigments, colorants, UV absorbers, light stabilizers, and antioxidants.

The state after steps B1 to B3 can be said to be the state after steps 1 and 2 of the method for producing a molded article of the present disclosure. In steps B2 and B3, high temperature and pressure are applied to the transfer sheet from the side where the composition for the adherend is injected, so that convex portions based on the raised portions can be formed on the surface of the transfer layer opposite the adherend.
Step B4 is a step of removing the laminate from the mold. Step B4 may be performed before or after step 3 of the method for producing a molded article of the present disclosure.

[Transfer sheet]
The transfer sheet of the present disclosure is a transfer sheet having a transfer layer on a substrate, the transfer layer having a surface protection layer and a raised layer in this order from the substrate side, and a raised portion based on the raised layer formed on a part of the surface of the transfer layer opposite the substrate.

Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of the transfer sheet of the present disclosure. The transfer sheet 100 of Fig. 4 has a transfer layer 20 on a substrate 10. In Fig. 4, the transfer layer 20 has, from the substrate 10 side, a surface protective layer 21 and a protruding layer 24, in this order. In Fig. 4, the protruding layer 24 is formed on a portion of the surface of the transfer layer 20. In Fig. 4, a protruding portion R1 based on the protruding layer 24 is formed on a portion of the surface of the transfer layer 20 opposite the substrate 10. In Fig. 4, the transfer layer has a primer layer 22 and a design layer 23 between the surface protective layer 21 and the protruding layer 24.
The layer structure of the transfer sheet of the present disclosure is not limited to the layer structure shown in FIG.

<Base material>
Examples of the substrate include plastic films made of resins such as polyolefin resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene; vinyl resins such as polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer; polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate and polybutylene terephthalate; acrylic resins such as polymethyl (meth)acrylate and polyethyl (meth)acrylate; styrene resins such as polystyrene; and polyamide resins typified by nylon 6 or nylon 66. The surface of the substrate may be smooth or matte.
Among these plastic films, polyester films are preferred, and among polyester films, biaxially oriented polyester films are preferred because of their excellent heat resistance and dimensional stability.

The upper yield point load of the substrate is preferably 150 MPa or less, more preferably 120 MPa or less, more preferably 90 Pa or less, more preferably 60 MPa or less, and more preferably 40 MPa or less. By setting the yield point of the substrate to 150 MPa or less, it becomes easier to form convex portions on the surface of the molded product.
The lower limit of the upper yield point load of the substrate is preferably 15 MPa or more, more preferably 17 MPa or more, and even more preferably 20 MPa or more, in order to improve strength and to prevent wrinkles from occurring during processes such as transfer.

In this specification, the upper yield point load can be measured, for example, by the following (1) to (2).
(1) A test piece is prepared by punching out a substrate into a dumbbell shape.
(2) In accordance with JIS K7161-1:2014, the test piece is pulled using a tension-compression testing machine at a tension speed of 50 mm/min and a chuck distance of 80 mm, a stress-strain curve is created, and the upper yield point load is calculated.
The stress-strain curve is a curve obtained by applying a tensile strain to a test piece held at both ends at a constant rate, plotting the tensile stress at each elongation with the elongation of the test piece on the horizontal axis and the tensile stress on the vertical axis, in accordance with JIS K7161-1:2014. In this specification, the upper yield point refers to the point on the curve where, when the stress gradually increases and exceeds the elastic limit, the strain begins to increase while the stress decreases or does not increase at all.
An example of a tension and compression tester is the Tensilon RTC-1250A manufactured by Orientec Co., Ltd.

In this specification, the atmosphere in which various parameters such as the upper yield point load of the substrate and the Martens hardness of the raised layer are measured, as well as the atmosphere in which various evaluations are performed, is a temperature of 23°C ± 5°C and a relative humidity of 40% to 65%, unless otherwise specified. Furthermore, before performing various measurements or evaluations, the sample to be measured or evaluated is exposed to the above atmosphere for at least 30 minutes.

The thickness of the substrate is preferably 12 μm or more and 100 μm or less, more preferably 15 μm or more and 80 μm or less, and even more preferably 20 μm or more and 40 μm or less. By making the thickness of the substrate 12 μm or more, the handleability of the release sheet can be easily improved. By making the thickness of the substrate 100 μm or less, it is possible to easily form convex portions on the surface of the molded article.

If a release layer is present between the substrate and the transfer layer, the surface of the substrate may be subjected to physical treatments such as corona discharge treatment and oxidation treatment to enhance adhesion to the release layer, or a coating containing a material that enhances adhesion may be formed.

The substrate may have an antistatic layer on the side opposite the transfer layer to suppress static buildup when the substrate is peeled off. The antistatic layer can be formed from general-purpose antistatic agents, resins, etc.

<Release layer>
The transfer sheet may have a release layer between the substrate and the transfer layer to facilitate peeling off the substrate after transfer.

The release layer preferably contains a resin. The release layer also preferably contains a release agent in addition to the resin. The resin and release agent constituting the release layer can be general-purpose materials.
The thickness of the release layer is preferably 0.2 μm or more and 50 μm or less, and more preferably 0.5 μm or more and 10 μm or less.

<Transfer Layer>
The transfer layer is a layer that is transferred to an adherend.
The layer structure of the transfer layer may be any of the following (1) to (6).
(1) A layer structure having a surface protection layer and a raised layer in this order from the substrate side.
(2) A layer structure having a surface protection layer, a primer layer, and a raised layer in this order from the substrate side.
(3) A layer structure having a surface protection layer, a pattern layer, and a raised layer in this order from the substrate side.
(4) A layer structure having, from the substrate side, a surface protection layer, a primer layer, a pattern layer, and a raised layer in this order.
(5) A layer structure having a surface protection layer, a raised layer, and a pattern layer in this order from the substrate side.
(6) A layer structure having, from the substrate side, a surface protection layer, a primer layer, a raised layer, and a pattern layer in this order.

《Surface protective layer》
The surface protective layer is a part of the layers constituting the transfer layer. In order to improve the scratch resistance of the adherend, the surface protective layer is preferably located on the side of the layers constituting the transfer layer closest to the substrate.

The surface protective layer preferably contains a resin.
The proportion of resin relative to the total solid content of the surface protective layer is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, even more preferably 80% by mass or more, and even more preferably 90% by mass or more.

The resin for the surface protection layer may be a thermoplastic resin or a cured product of a curable resin composition. Among these, a cured product of a curable resin composition is preferred in order to improve the scratch resistance of the molded article.
The proportion of the cured product of the curable resin composition relative to all resin components constituting the surface protective layer is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, even more preferably 80% by mass or more, and even more preferably 90% by mass or more.

Cured products of curable resin compositions include cured products of thermosetting resin compositions and cured products of ionizing radiation-curable resin compositions. Of these, cured products of ionizing radiation-curable resin compositions are preferred because they provide better scratch resistance.

A thermosetting resin composition is a composition that contains at least a thermosetting resin and cures when heated. Examples of thermosetting resins include acrylic resins, urethane resins, phenolic resins, urea melamine resins, epoxy resins, unsaturated polyester resins, and silicone resins. Thermosetting resin compositions contain these curable resins and, if necessary, a curing agent.

Ionizing radiation-curable resin compositions include electron beam-curable resin compositions and ultraviolet light-curable resin compositions. Of these, electron beam-curable resin compositions are preferred because they can be applied without solvents, which reduces the environmental impact, and they do not require a polymerization initiator.

The ionizing radiation-curable resin composition is a composition containing a compound having an ionizing radiation-curable functional group (hereinafter also referred to as "ionizing radiation-curable compound"). The ionizing radiation-curable functional group is a group that crosslinks and cures upon irradiation with ionizing radiation, and preferred examples of the ionizing radiation-curable functional group include functional groups having an ethylenic double bond, such as a (meth)acryloyl group, a vinyl group, and an allyl group.
Furthermore, ionizing radiation refers to electromagnetic waves or charged particle beams that have an energy quantum capable of polymerizing or crosslinking molecules, and typically includes ultraviolet (UV) rays or electron beams (EB), but also includes other electromagnetic waves such as X-rays and gamma rays, and charged particle beams such as alpha rays and ion beams.
Specifically, the ionizing radiation curable compound can be appropriately selected from polymerizable monomers and polymerizable oligomers that are commonly used as ionizing radiation curable resins.

As the polymerizable monomer, a (meth)acrylate monomer having a radically polymerizable unsaturated group in the molecule is preferred, and among them, a polyfunctional (meth)acrylate monomer is preferred. Here, "(meth)acrylate" means "acrylate or methacrylate."
The polyfunctional (meth)acrylate monomer includes a (meth)acrylate monomer having two or more ionizing radiation-curable functional groups in the molecule, and having at least a (meth)acryloyl group as the functional group.
In order to achieve a good balance between processing characteristics and scratch resistance, the number of functional groups in the polyfunctional (meth)acrylate monomer is preferably from 2 to 8, more preferably from 2 to 6, even more preferably from 2 to 4, and even more preferably from 2 to 3. These polyfunctional (meth)acrylates may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

Examples of the polymerizable oligomer include (meth)acrylate oligomers having two or more ionizing radiation-curable functional groups in the molecule, and having at least a (meth)acryloyl group as the functional group, such as urethane (meth)acrylate oligomers, epoxy (meth)acrylate oligomers, polyester (meth)acrylate oligomers, polyether (meth)acrylate oligomers, polycarbonate (meth)acrylate oligomers, and acrylic (meth)acrylate oligomers.
Further examples of polymerizable oligomers include highly hydrophobic polybutadiene (meth)acrylate oligomers having (meth)acrylate groups in the side chains of polybutadiene oligomers, silicone (meth)acrylate oligomers having polysiloxane bonds in the main chain, aminoplast resin (meth)acrylate oligomers obtained by modifying aminoplast resins having many reactive groups in a small molecule, and oligomers having cationically polymerizable functional groups in the molecule, such as novolac epoxy resins, bisphenol epoxy resins, aliphatic vinyl ethers, and aromatic vinyl ethers.

The polymerizable oligomer may be used alone or in combination with multiple types. To achieve a good balance between processing properties and abrasion resistance, urethane (meth)acrylate oligomer, epoxy (meth)acrylate oligomer, polyester (meth)acrylate oligomer, polyether (meth)acrylate oligomer, polycarbonate (meth)acrylate oligomer, and acrylic (meth)acrylate oligomer are preferred, with urethane (meth)acrylate oligomer and polycarbonate (meth)acrylate oligomer being more preferred, and urethane (meth)acrylate oligomer being even more preferred.

The number of functional groups of the polymerizable oligomer is preferably 2 or more and 8 or less in order to achieve a good balance between processing characteristics and scratch resistance, and the upper limit is more preferably 6 or less, even more preferably 4 or less, and even more preferably 3 or less.
In order to obtain a good balance between processing characteristics and scratch resistance, the weight-average molecular weight of these polymerizable oligomers is preferably from 2,000 to 7,500, more preferably from 2,200 to 6,000, and even more preferably from 2,300 to 5,000. Here, the weight-average molecular weight is an average molecular weight measured by GPC analysis and converted into standard polystyrene.
The polymerizable oligomer may be two or more types of oligomers that differ in either the number of functional groups or the weight average molecular weight.

The proportion of the polymerizable oligomer relative to the total amount of the ionizing radiation-curable compound is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, even more preferably 90% by mass or more, and most preferably 100% by mass. By ensuring that the proportion of the polymerizable oligomer is 50% by mass or more, an excessive increase in the hardness of the surface protective layer can be prevented, making it easier to form convex portions on the surface of the molded article.

A monofunctional (meth)acrylate may be used in the ionizing radiation-curable resin composition to reduce the viscosity of the ionizing radiation-curable resin composition. These monofunctional (meth)acrylates may be used alone or in combination.

To achieve a good balance between processing characteristics and scratch resistance, the thickness of the surface protection layer is preferably 1.5 μm or more and 20 μm or less, more preferably 2 μm or more and 10 μm or less, and even more preferably 3 μm or more and 7 μm or less.

The surface protective layer may contain additives such as pigments, colorants, UV absorbers, light stabilizers, and antioxidants.

The layers that make up the transfer layer, such as the surface protection layer and the raised layer, can be formed using known coating methods such as gravure coating, bar coating, comma coating, and die coating.

"Excitement layer"
The protruding layer is a part of the layers constituting the transfer layer. The protruding layer is located on the opposite side of the surface protection layer from the substrate. In order to facilitate the formation of convex portions on the surface of the molded article, the protruding layer is preferably located on the side farthest from the substrate among the layers constituting the transfer layer.

A raised portion based on the raised layer is formed on a part of the surface of the transfer layer opposite to the substrate, and therefore the raised layer is preferably formed on a part of the plane of the transfer layer.
By forming areas with raised portions and areas without raised portions within the plane of the transfer layer, it is possible to form areas with convex portions and areas without convex portions within the plane of the molded product, thereby improving the unevenness of the surface of the molded product.

The raised layer preferably has a plurality of raised layers that are independent of each other. In other words, the raised portion preferably has a plurality of raised portions that are independent of each other. The areas between the independent raised portions are generally flat areas where no raised portions exist. Therefore, by having a plurality of raised portions that are independent of each other, a contrast between the convex portions and concave portions can be imparted to the surface of the molded article, making it easier to achieve a good sense of unevenness.
The raised layers, which are independent of each other, are preferably formed in a pattern when the transfer sheet is viewed in a plan view. The pattern is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include wood grain, stone grain, cloth grain, sand grain, circles, squares, polygons, geometric patterns, and letters, and combinations thereof are also acceptable. In this specification, "plan view" means viewing from the normal direction of the surface of the transfer sheet in FIG. 4.

In Figure 4, the cross-sectional shape of the raised layer is rectangular, but the cross-sectional shape of the raised layer is not limited to rectangular. For example, the cross-sectional shape of the raised layer may be trapezoidal, triangular, semicircular, etc.

The thickness of the raised layer is preferably 5.0 μm or more, more preferably 8.0 μm or more, and even more preferably 12.0 μm or more, in order to facilitate the formation of convex portions on the surface of the molded article. Furthermore, by making the thickness of the raised layer 5.0 μm or more, it is possible to easily improve the tactile feel.
If the thickness of the raised layer is too thick, air bubbles are likely to be trapped between the transfer sheet and the adherend during transfer. Therefore, the thickness of the raised layer is preferably 50.0 μm or less, more preferably 30.0 μm or less, and even more preferably 23.0 μm or less.
In this specification, the thickness of the raised layer can be calculated as follows (1) and (2).
(1) Calculate the maximum thickness of each raised layer.
(2) The average value of the maximum thicknesses of the raised layer at 20 locations is taken as the thickness of the raised layer.

When the thickness of the raised layer is defined as t1 and the total thickness of the layers of the transfer layer other than the raised layer is defined as t2, t1/t2 is preferably 0.5 or more, more preferably 0.8 or more, and even more preferably 1.1 or more. By setting t1/t2 to 0.5 or more, it is possible to easily form convex portions on the surface of the molded article.
On the other hand, if t1/t2 is too large, cracks may occur in the surface protective layer due to the transfer, or the design layer and primer layer, etc. may stretch and become too thin due to the transfer, making it difficult for the design layer and primer layer, etc. to exhibit their functions. For this reason, t1/t2 is preferably 5.0 or less, more preferably 3.0 or less, and even more preferably 1.5 or less.

In order to make the protrusions more visible, the width of the raised layer is preferably 0.05 mm or more, more preferably 0.15 mm or more, and even more preferably 0.30 mm or more. Furthermore, by making the width of the raised layer 0.05 mm or more, it is possible to easily improve the tactile sensation.
If the width of the raised layer is too wide, the tactile feel tends to deteriorate, so the width of the raised layer is preferably 50 mm or less, more preferably 30 mm or less, even more preferably 10 mm or less, and even more preferably 5 mm or less.
The "width of the raised layer" can be calculated as follows (1) to (2). In this specification, the width of the raised layer means the average value of the measured values at 20 points calculated as follows (1) to (2).
(1) When the raised layer has a pattern extending in a predetermined direction, the length of the raised layer in a plan view in a direction perpendicular to the extending direction is defined as the width of the raised layer.
(2) When the raised layer has a pattern that does not extend in a predetermined direction, the maximum diameter of each raised layer when viewed in a plane is defined as the width of each raised layer.

In the present disclosure, the lower limit of the area ratio of the region having the raised layer to the total area of the transfer layer is preferably 10% or more, more preferably 25% or more, and even more preferably 40% or more, and the upper limit is preferably 90% or less, more preferably 75% or less, and even more preferably 60% or less.
By setting the area ratio to 10% or more, it is possible to easily improve the texture of the molded article and also improve the tactile feel of the molded article. Similarly, by setting the area ratio to 90% or less, it is possible to easily improve the texture of the molded article and also improve the tactile feel of the molded article.

The raised layer preferably contains a resin.
The proportion of the resin relative to the total solid content of the raised layer is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, even more preferably 80% by mass or more, and even more preferably 90% by mass or more.

Examples of the resin for the raised layer include thermoplastic resins and cured products of curable resin compositions. Among these, cured products of curable resin compositions are preferred because they facilitate the formation of convex portions on the molded product.
The proportion of the cured product of the curable resin composition relative to the total resin components constituting the raised layer is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, even more preferably 80% by mass or more, and even more preferably 90% by mass or more.

Examples of the cured product of the curable resin composition include a cured product of a heat-curable resin composition and a cured product of an ionizing radiation-curable resin composition. Among these, a cured product of a heat-curable resin composition is preferred in order to improve adhesion to an adherend.
The thermosetting resin composition and ionizing radiation curable resin composition of the raised layer may be the same as those exemplified as the thermosetting resin composition and ionizing radiation curable resin composition of the surface protective layer.

The raised layer may contain additives such as pigments, colorants, UV absorbers, light stabilizers, and antioxidants.

The raised layer preferably has a Martens hardness of 30 N/mm ² or more, more preferably 40 N/mm ² or more, and even more preferably 50 N/mm ² or more. By making the raised layer have a Martens hardness of 30 N/mm ² or more, it becomes easier to form convex portions on the surface of the molded article.
If the Martens hardness of the protrusion layer is too high, cracks may occur in the protrusion layer during transfer. Therefore, the Martens hardness of the protrusion layer is preferably 400 N/mm2 or ^less , more preferably 300 N/mm2 or ^less , and even more preferably 200 N/mm2 or ^less .

The Martens hardness of the raised layer can be measured using an ultra-microhardness tester. More specifically, a pyramidal diamond indenter is pressed into the surface of the raised layer of the transfer sheet while continuously increasing the load. The surface area A ( ^mm2 ) of the pyramidal indentation formed on the surface of the raised layer is then calculated from the diagonal length of the pyramidal indentation. The Martens hardness is the value obtained by dividing the test load F (N) by the surface area A when the indentation depth reaches 0.5 μm.
An example of an ultra-microhardness tester is the microhardness tester "Picodentor HM-500" (manufactured by Fisher Instruments).

<Primer layer>
In order to improve the interlayer adhesion of the transfer layer, a primer layer may be provided between the surface protective layer and the raised layer. When the transfer layer further has a design layer described below, the primer layer is preferably located closer to the surface protective layer than the design layer.

The primer layer preferably contains a resin.
The proportion of the resin relative to the total solid content of the primer layer is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, even more preferably 80% by mass or more, and even more preferably 90% by mass or more.

Examples of resins for the primer layer include urethane resins, acrylic polyol resins, acrylic resins, ester resins, amide resins, butyral resins, styrene resins, urethane-acrylic copolymers, polycarbonate-based urethane-acrylic copolymers (urethane-acrylic copolymers derived from polymers having a carbonate bond in the polymer main chain and two or more hydroxyl groups at the terminals or side chains), vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer resins, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate-acrylic copolymer resins, chlorinated propylene resins, nitrocellulose resins, and cellulose acetate resins. Furthermore, the resin for the primer layer may be a cured product obtained by curing the above-mentioned resins. These resins may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
Of the above resins, polycarbonate-based urethane-acrylic copolymers are preferred.

The polycarbonate-based urethane acrylic copolymer can be obtained, for example, by the following steps (1) and (2). The polycarbonate-based urethane acrylic copolymer is preferable in that it has good flexibility, easily follows the cure shrinkage of the surface protective layer, has good weather resistance, etc.
(1) A polycarbonate-based polyurethane polymer is obtained by reacting a polycarbonate diol with a (di)isocyanate.
(2) The polycarbonate-based polyurethane polymer and an acrylic monomer are radically polymerized to obtain a polycarbonate-based urethane acrylic copolymer.

Examples of the (di)isocyanate include aromatic isocyanates such as 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate, 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate, n-isocyanatophenylsulfonyl isocyanate, and o- or p-isocyanatophenylsulfonyl isocyanate; aliphatic isocyanates such as 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate; and alicyclic isocyanates.
Examples of the acrylic monomer include (meth)acrylic acid, alkyl (meth)acrylate esters such as methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, n-propyl (meth)acrylate, isopropyl (meth)acrylate, n-butyl (meth)acrylate, and isobutyl (meth)acrylate.

The mass ratio of the acrylic component to the urethane component in the polycarbonate-based urethane acrylic copolymer is preferably in the range of 95:5 to 30:70, more preferably 93:7 to 50:50, and even more preferably 90:10 to 60:40. By maintaining the mass ratio of the acrylic component to the urethane component within this range, the primer layer does not become an excessively hard coating film, and sufficient processability is achieved. Furthermore, by maintaining the mass ratio of the acrylic component to the urethane component within this range, good interlayer adhesion with the surface protective layer is achieved when the surface protective layer is made of a urethane acrylic resin such as a urethane (meth)acrylate oligomer.

It is also preferable that the resin component of the primer layer is the same as the resin component of the protrusion layer, since the resin components of the primer layer and the protrusion layer are the same, which can facilitate good adhesion between the primer layer and the protrusion layer.
Furthermore, when the transfer layer does not have a design layer, the layers constituting the transfer layer that come into contact with the adherend or adhesive layer are often the raised layer and primer layer. For this reason, it is preferable to use the same resin component for the primer layer and the raised layer, as this makes it easier to achieve uniform adhesion between the adherend or adhesive layer and the transfer layer within the plane of the laminate.

The primer layer may contain additives such as an ultraviolet absorber, a light stabilizer, and an antioxidant.
The thickness of the primer layer is preferably 1 μm or more, more preferably 2 μm or more, in order to improve the interlayer adhesion of the transfer layer, and the upper limit is preferably 10 μm or less, more preferably 8 μm or less, and even more preferably 5 μm or less.

"Picture Layer"
In order to improve the design of the molded product, a pattern layer may be provided between the surface protection layer and the raised layer. When the transfer layer further has the above-mentioned primer layer, the pattern layer is preferably located closer to the raised layer than the primer layer.

The design layer preferably contains a colorant and a resin component.
Examples of colorants for the design layer include inorganic pigments such as carbon black (ink), iron black, titanium white, antimony white, yellow lead, titanium yellow, red iron oxide, cadmium red, ultramarine blue, and cobalt blue; luster pigments such as pearl pigments, metal particles, and metal flakes; organic pigments such as quinacridone red, isoindolinone yellow, nickel-azo complexes, and phthalocyanine blue; and dyes.

Examples of resin components for the design layer include acrylic resins, styrene resins, polyester resins, urethane resins, chlorinated polyolefin resins, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer resins, polyvinyl butyral resins, alkyd resins, petroleum resins, ketone resins, epoxy resins, melamine resins, fluorine-containing resins, silicone resins, cellulose derivatives, and rubber resins. The resin for the design layer may also be a cured product obtained by curing the above-mentioned resins. These resins may be used alone or in combination.
When the transfer layer has a design layer, the layers constituting the transfer layer that come into contact with the adherend or adhesive layer are often the raised layer and the design layer. For this reason, it is preferable to use the same resin component for the design layer and the raised layer, as this makes it easier to achieve uniform adhesion between the adherend or adhesive layer and the transfer layer within the plane of the laminate.

The design formed by the design layer is arbitrary, and examples of the design formed by the design layer include wood grain, stone grain, cloth grain, sand grain, circles, squares, polygons, geometric patterns, letters, and solid printing.
The design layer may form a design with one pattern, or may form a design with two or more patterns. A preferred embodiment is one in which the pattern of at least a portion of the design layer is synchronized with the pattern of the raised layer. By synchronizing the pattern of at least a portion of the design layer with the pattern of the raised layer, it is possible to more easily achieve a good textured feel on the surface of the molded product.
It is preferable that the brightness of the picture layer having a pattern that is synchronized with the pattern of the raised layer is higher than that of the picture layer having a pattern that is not synchronized with the pattern of the raised layer. By adopting such a configuration, it is possible to more easily achieve a good textured feel on the surface of the molded product.
For example, by using the same pattern for the gravure plate used to form the raised layer and the gravure plate used to form the picture layer, it is possible to easily synchronize the pattern of the raised layer with the pattern of the picture layer.

The thickness of the pattern layer can be adjusted appropriately within the range of approximately 0.1 μm to 20 μm, taking into account the desired design.

Next, the present disclosure will be explained in more detail using examples, but the present disclosure is not limited to these examples in any way.

1. Evaluation and Measurement 1-1. Texture and Touch The surfaces of the molded articles of the Examples , Reference Examples, and Comparative Examples were visually observed indoors under fluorescent lighting, and evaluated for whether the texture was good or not. Furthermore, the surfaces of the molded articles of the Examples , Reference Examples , and Comparative Examples were touched with the index finger to evaluate whether the texture was clearly palpable and whether the texture was good or not. Twenty healthy people aged 20 to 50 were selected as evaluators. The evaluations of the 20 people were ranked according to the following criteria.
A: 16 or more people answered that both the texture and the feel were good.
B: 11 or more and 15 or less people answered that both the unevenness and the feel were good.
C: 10 or less people answered that both the unevenness and the feel were good.

1-2. Upper Yield Point Load of Substrate The upper yield point load of the substrate of the transfer sheets of the Examples , Reference Examples and Comparative Examples was measured based on the description in the specification.

1-3. Martens Hardness The Martens hardness of the raised layer of the transfer sheets of the Examples , Reference Examples , and Comparative Examples was measured by the following method.
A pyramidal diamond indenter was pressed into the surface of the raised layer of the transfer sheet while continuously increasing the load, which was increased at an acceleration rate of 1.00 mN/10 s up to a maximum load of 1.0 mN.
The Martens hardness was calculated by dividing the test load F (N) when the indentation depth reached 0.5 μm by the surface area A (mm ² ) of the indentation. The surface area A of the indentation was calculated from the length of the diagonal of the pyramidal indentation formed on the surface of the raised layer by pressing the diamond indenter. The creep time was 5 seconds. A microhardness tester "Picodentor HM-500" (manufactured by Fisher Instruments) was used as the ultra-microhardness tester.

2. Production of transfer sheet and molded product [Example 1]
(1) Production of Transfer Sheet A matte polyester film (Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, trade name: Diafoil E130-26, thickness: 26 μm) that had not been subjected to an easy-adhesion treatment was prepared as a substrate.
The following composition for a surface protective layer was applied to one surface of the substrate by gravure coating to form an uncured resin layer, and the uncured resin layer was cured by irradiating it with an electron beam (applied voltage: 175 KeV, 5 Mrad (50 kGy)) to form a surface protective layer having a thickness of 5 μm. Thereafter, corona irradiation was performed on the surface protective layer.
A primer layer composition having the following formulation was applied by gravure coating onto the corona-irradiated surface protective layer, and then dried to form a primer layer having a thickness of 3.5 μm.
Next, a design layer ink containing a resin component and a pigment was applied onto the primer layer by gravure coating and dried to form a design layer. The resin component of the design layer ink was a thermosetting resin containing an acrylic resin and a vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, with the mass ratio of the acrylic resin to the vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer being 8:2.
Next, a protruding layer ink containing the same resin component as the ink for the design layer was applied onto the design layer by gravure coating and dried to form a protruding layer with a thickness of 15 μm. The resulting sheet was then cured at room temperature for 24 hours to obtain the transfer sheet of Example 1. The gravure plate used to form the protruding layer had a predetermined pattern formed on it. Therefore, the protruding layer was formed in a pattern within the plane of the transfer sheet.

<Composition for surface protective layer>
Ionizing radiation curable resin composition: 100 parts by mass (a mixture of a trifunctional urethane acrylate oligomer having a weight average molecular weight of 4000 and a trifunctional urethane acrylate oligomer having a weight average molecular weight of 2500. The mixing ratio is 30:70.)
Ultraviolet absorber 1: 3 parts by mass (product name: TINUVIN 479, BASF)
Ultraviolet absorber 2: 0.5 parts by mass (product name: Adekastab LA-46, ADEKA Corporation)
Ultraviolet absorber 1: 0.5 parts by mass (product name: TINUVIN 477, BASF)
Light stabilizer: 3 parts by mass (product name: LS3410, Nippon Nyukazai Co., Ltd.)

<Primer layer composition>
A composition obtained by mixing 100 parts by mass of composition X (a composition comprising a polycarbonate-based urethane-acrylic copolymer and an acrylic polyol, and hexamethylene diisocyanate in a mass ratio of 100:5) with a dilution solvent. The mass ratio of the urethane component to the acrylic component in the polycarbonate-based urethane-acrylic copolymer is 7:3.

(2) Production of molded article: An aluminum plate with a thickness of 0.8 mm was prepared as an adherend. A heat-sensitive adhesive (main agent: Toagosei Co., Ltd.'s trade name "Aronmelt PES-320SK", curing agent: Tosoh Corporation's trade name "Coronate L", the blending ratio of main agent to curing agent was 100:11) was applied to the aluminum plate and dried to form a heat-sensitive adhesive layer with a thickness of 5 μm, thereby obtaining an adherend with an adhesive layer. The adherend with the adhesive layer was then cured at 150°C for 1 minute.
The adhesive layer side of the adherend with the adhesive layer facing the transfer layer side of the transfer sheet of Example 1 was placed between the rolls of a roll laminator, and the adherend with the adhesive layer and the transfer sheet were passed through the rolls of a roll laminator, to obtain a laminate in which the transfer layer side of the transfer sheet was tightly attached to the adherend. The roll laminator used was a NAVITAS RT-300 model, and the roll temperature was set to 160°C and the pressure to 49 Pa (5 kgf/ ^m2 ).
Next, the substrate was peeled off from the laminate to obtain the molded article of Example 1. The height of the convex portions of the molded article of Example 1 was 12.0 μm.

[ Reference example 1 ]
Except for changing the substrate to a polyethylene terephthalate film having a thickness of 100 μm, a transfer sheet and a molded article of Reference Example 1 were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The height of the convex portions of the molded article of Reference Example 1 was 5.0 μm.

[Comparative Example 1]
On the substrate used in Example 1, a surface protective layer, a primer layer and a design layer were formed in the same manner as in Example 1.
Next, a raised layer ink containing the same resin component as the ink for the design layer was applied by gravure coating to the surface of the substrate opposite the surface protective layer, and dried to form a raised layer with a thickness of 15 μm. This was then cured at room temperature for 24 hours to obtain a transfer sheet of Comparative Example 1. The gravure plate used to form the raised layer had a predetermined pattern formed on it. Therefore, the raised layer was formed in a pattern within the plane of the transfer sheet.
The transfer sheet of Comparative Example 1 has a raised layer, a substrate, and a transfer layer in this order. The transfer layer of Comparative Example 1 also has a surface protection layer, a primer layer, and a design layer in this order from the substrate side.
Next, a laminate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the transfer sheet of Example 1 was replaced with the transfer sheet of Comparative Example 1, in which the transfer layer side of the transfer sheet was adhered to the substrate.
Next, the substrate and the raised layer were peeled off from the laminate to obtain a molded article of Comparative Example 1. The depth of the recesses in the molded article of Comparative Example 1 was 1.5 μm.

As is clear from the results in Table 1, it can be confirmed that the molded product manufacturing method and transfer sheet of the example can produce a good textured surface on molded products obtained by the transfer method.

R1 Raised portion R2 Convex portion 10 Substrate 20 Transfer layer 21 Surface protective layer 22 Primer layer 23 Design layer 24 Raised layer 100 Transfer sheet 200 Adherend 300 Adhesive layer 400 Laminate 500 Molded product

Claims (14)

A method for producing a molded product using a transfer sheet having a transfer layer on a substrate, the transfer layer having a surface protection layer and a protruding layer in this order from the substrate side, a protruding portion based on the protruding layer formed on a part of the surface of the transfer layer on the side opposite to the substrate , the protruding layer having a Martens hardness of 30 N/mm2 or ^more , and the substrate having an upper yield point load of 40 MPa or less , the method comprising the following steps 1 to 3:
Step 1: A step of obtaining a laminate by closely adhering the surface of the transfer sheet on the transfer layer side to an adherend.
Step 2: A step of pressing the transfer layer from the adherend side to form convex portions based on the raised portions on the surface of the transfer layer opposite to the adherend.
Step 3: A step of peeling the substrate from the laminate. The method for producing a molded article according to claim 1 , further comprising the step of: forming a primer layer between the surface protective layer and the raised layer; The method for producing a molded product according to claim 1 , further comprising the step of: providing a pattern layer between the surface protection layer and the raised layer. The method for manufacturing a molded product according to claim 1, wherein the transfer layer has, from the substrate side, a surface protection layer, a primer layer, a design layer, and a raised layer in this order. The method for producing a molded product according to claim 3 or 4 , wherein the raised layer and the design layer contain resin components, and the resin components of the raised layer and the design layer are the same component. The method for producing a molded product according to any one of claims 3 to 5 , wherein at least a part of the pattern of the design layer is in sync with the pattern of the raised layer. The method for manufacturing a molded product according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the thickness of the raised layer is 5.0 μm or more. A transfer sheet having a transfer layer on a substrate, the transfer layer having, from the substrate side, a surface protection layer and a protruding layer in this order, and a protruding portion based on the protruding layer on a part of the surface of the transfer layer opposite the substrate , the protruding layer having a Martens hardness of 30 N/mm2 ^or more, and the substrate having an upper yield point load of 40 MPa or less . The transfer sheet according to claim 8 , further comprising a primer layer between the surface protection layer and the raised layer. The transfer sheet according to claim 8 , further comprising a design layer between the surface protection layer and the raised layer. The transfer sheet according to claim 8 , wherein the transfer layer comprises, from the substrate side, the surface protection layer, a primer layer, a design layer, and the raised layer in this order. 12. The transfer sheet according to claim 10 , wherein the raised layer and the design layer contain resin components, and the resin components of the raised layer and the design layer are the same component. 13. The transfer sheet according to claim 10 , wherein at least a part of the pattern of the design layer is in harmony with the pattern of the raised layer. The transfer sheet according to any one of claims 8 to 13 , wherein the thickness of the raised layer is 5.0 µm or more.