JP7765362B2 - Glass molding and its manufacturing method - Google Patents
Glass molding and its manufacturing methodInfo
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Description
本発明は、ガラス成形体及びその製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a glass molded body and a method for manufacturing the same.
従来から行われている光学ガラスレンズの製造方法の一つは、まず、脈理のない板状ガラスを成形した後、それを切断し、切断したガラスピースをプレス成形及び研磨して、光学ガラスレンズを得る方法である。しかし、この方法ではガラスピースを得る段階で、多くのガラスを破棄するという課題がある。
このようなガラス廃棄を低減する方法として、例えば、板状ではなく、円柱形状の光学ガラスを成形してから切断する方法が挙げられる。
One conventional method for producing optical glass lenses involves first forming a striae-free plate-shaped glass, cutting it, and then press-molding and polishing the cut glass pieces to obtain optical glass lenses. However, this method has the problem that a large amount of glass is discarded at the stage of obtaining the glass pieces.
As a method for reducing such glass waste, for example, there is a method in which optical glass is molded into a cylindrical shape rather than a plate shape and then cut.
円柱形状のガラスを成形する方法として、特許文献１及び特許文献２には、溶融したガラスを直接円筒状の鋳型に流し込み、成形する方法が開示されている。これらの文献には、外径が２０～３０ｍｍの円柱ガラスが得られたことが開示されている。 Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose methods for forming cylindrical glass by pouring molten glass directly into a cylindrical mold. These documents disclose that cylindrical glass with an outer diameter of 20 to 30 mm can be obtained.
また、比較的大きい体積を有する光学ガラスの成形の製造方法として、特許文献３には、溶融したガラスを上部が閉じてない鋳型に流し込み、幅２００ｍｍ～２４０ｍｍ、厚さ１０ｍｍ～１５ｍｍの板状ガラスを成形する方法が開示されている。 Furthermore, as a manufacturing method for molding optical glass having a relatively large volume, Patent Document 3 discloses a method in which molten glass is poured into a mold with an open top to form a plate-shaped glass having a width of 200 mm to 240 mm and a thickness of 10 mm to 15 mm.
ところで、近年、ゴーグル型ディスプレイに使用する導光板など薄板状の素子にも光学ガラスが使用されている。このような導光板などの薄板状のガラス素子は、その一辺の長さが少なくとも人の瞳の間隔よりも長いことが求められることがあり、比較的大きいサイズのガラス素子が必要である。
このような薄板状の光学ガラス素子の量産においては、半導体素子の製造ラインのように、光学ガラスからなる円盤状のウエハをダイシングなどにより１枚以上の素子に加工するが、そのウエハは、半導体素子の製造の場合のインゴットに相当する円柱ガラスをスライスして作るか、ガラスシートからくり抜いて作製する。そのため、ウエハに相当する光学ガラスは、一辺の長さが大きい、所定の面積を有する薄板ガラスであることが求められる。
また、多数のレンズ等の光学素子を効率よく製造する方法としては、図１のように、ガラス成形体を薄くスライスした円盤状薄板ガラスを作製し、精密プレス成形の型１０１、１０２によりプレスし、プレス済ガラス２０１を製造し、多数のレンズを作り、それを重ねて切断することにより、多数のレンズを備えた光学素子４０１を作製する方法がある。
このように多くの光学ガラス素子は、比較的面積の大きい円盤状のガラスからガラス部材を取り出すことが効率面、また廃棄ガラスの低減のために好ましい。そのため、大きい円盤状ガラスを複数取り出せる断面積の比較的大きい円柱形状のガラスの製造が望まれる。
In recent years, optical glass has also been used in thin plate-shaped elements such as light guide plates used in goggle-type displays. Such thin plate-shaped glass elements, such as light guide plates, are sometimes required to have a side length at least longer than the distance between the human pupils, necessitating the use of relatively large glass elements.
In the mass production of such thin optical glass elements, a disk-shaped wafer made of optical glass is processed into one or more elements by dicing or the like, as in the production line of semiconductor elements, and the wafer is made by slicing a cylindrical glass equivalent to an ingot in the production of semiconductor elements, or by cutting it out from a glass sheet. Therefore, the optical glass equivalent to the wafer is required to be a thin glass sheet with a large side length and a predetermined area.
Another method for efficiently manufacturing a large number of optical elements such as lenses is to produce a disk-shaped thin glass plate by thinly slicing a glass molded body, press it using precision press molding dies 101 and 102 to produce pressed glass 201, create a large number of lenses, and stack and cut these to produce an optical element 401 equipped with a large number of lenses, as shown in FIG.
For the sake of efficiency and reducing the amount of glass waste, it is preferable to extract glass members from disk-shaped glass with a relatively large area for many optical glass elements. Therefore, it is desirable to manufacture cylindrical glass with a relatively large cross-sectional area from which multiple large disk-shaped glass can be extracted.
しかしながら、特許文献１及び２の円柱形状のガラスの断面積の大きさでは不十分であり、より大きい直径のガラス成形体が好ましい。また、特許文献３の板状ガラスでは、導光板用の光学ガラス素子を得るための適した形状とは言えない。
本発明は、光学素子を製造するために有用なガラス成形体及びその製造方法を提供することを目的とする。
However, the cross-sectional area of the cylindrical glass in Patent Documents 1 and 2 is insufficient, and a glass molded product with a larger diameter is preferred. Furthermore, the plate-shaped glass in Patent Document 3 cannot be said to have a shape suitable for obtaining an optical glass element for a light guide plate.
An object of the present invention is to provide a glass molded body useful for producing optical elements and a method for producing the same.
すなわち、本発明は以下の製造方法により、本発明を包含する。
［１］ 立体ガラスからガラス成形体を製造する方法であって、
前記立体ガラスを、型の底部に接するように前記型に配置する工程と、
前記立体ガラスを前記型とともに加熱して、前記立体ガラスの温度を、前記立体ガラスが自重で変形する温度以上、結晶化温度未満である成形温度まで上昇させ、前記成形温度を維持する工程と、
前記成形温度により前記立体ガラスが変形し、前記型の内部形状に対応した形状を有するガラス成形体を形成する工程と、
冷却後、前記型から取り出すことにより、前記ガラス成形体を得る工程とを含む、製造方法。
［２］ 立体ガラスからガラス成形体を製造する方法であって、
前記立体ガラスを、基台に配置する工程と、
配置された前記立体ガラスに開口している端部から筒をかぶせ、前記端部を前記基台に接するように前記筒を配置する工程と、
前記筒をかぶせた状態で前記立体ガラスを加熱して、前記立体ガラスの温度を、前記立体ガラスが自重で変形する温度以上、結晶化温度未満である成形温度まで上昇させ、前記成形温度を維持する工程と、
前記成形温度により前記立体ガラスが変形し、前記筒の内部形状に対応した形状を有するガラス成形体を形成する工程と、
冷却後、前記筒から取り出すことにより、前記ガラス成形体を得る工程とを含む、製造方法。
［３］ 前記立体ガラスの変形が、自重により行われる、［１］又は［２］に記載の製造方法。
［４］ 前記ガラス成形体が、円柱形状を有する、［１］又は［２］に記載の製造方法。
［５］ ［１］又は［２］に記載の方法でガラス成形体を作製し、前記ガラス成形体をスライスして薄板状に加工する板状ガラスの製造方法。
［６］ 液相温度を有し、前記液相温度における粘度が５×１０３ｄＰａ・ｓ以下であるガラスにより構成される、円柱、正ｎ角柱及び略正ｎ角柱のいずれかの形状を有するガラス成形体であって、
側面に垂直な断面の面積が１．０×１０３ｍｍ２以上であり、
日本光学硝子工業会規格ＪＯＧＩＳ１１－１９７５に従って測定した脈理が１～３級であるガラスからなる、ガラス成形体（但し、ｎは５以上の整数）。
［７］ 前記形状の一方の端部から他方の端部までの長さは、２ｃｍ以上である、［６］に記載のガラス成形体。
［８］ ［６］又は［７］に記載のガラス成形体をスライスして薄板状に加工する板状ガラスの製造方法。
［９］ ［８］に記載の方法で得られる板状ガラスから１個以上の光学素子を形成する光学素子の製造方法。
That is, the present invention encompasses the following production method.
[1] A method for producing a glass molded body from a three-dimensional glass, comprising:
placing the solid glass in the mold so that it contacts the bottom of the mold;
a step of heating the three-dimensional glass together with the mold to raise the temperature of the three-dimensional glass to a forming temperature that is equal to or higher than the temperature at which the three-dimensional glass deforms under its own weight and lower than the crystallization temperature, and maintaining the forming temperature;
a step of deforming the three-dimensional glass at the molding temperature to form a glass molded body having a shape corresponding to the internal shape of the mold;
and removing the glass molded body from the mold after cooling to obtain the glass molded body.
[2] A method for producing a glass molded body from a three-dimensional glass, comprising:
placing the three-dimensional glass on a base;
a step of covering the placed three-dimensional glass with a tube from an open end thereof and placing the tube so that the end thereof contacts the base;
heating the three-dimensional glass with the tube covered, raising the temperature of the three-dimensional glass to a forming temperature that is equal to or higher than the temperature at which the three-dimensional glass deforms under its own weight and lower than the crystallization temperature, and maintaining the forming temperature;
a step of deforming the three-dimensional glass at the molding temperature to form a glass molded body having a shape corresponding to the internal shape of the tube;
and after cooling, removing the glass molded body from the cylinder to obtain the glass molded body.
[3] The manufacturing method according to [1] or [2], wherein the deformation of the three-dimensional glass is caused by its own weight.
[4] The manufacturing method according to [1] or [2], wherein the glass molded body has a cylindrical shape.
[5] A method for producing plate glass, comprising producing a glass molded body by the method according to [1] or [2], and slicing the glass molded body into thin plates.
[6] A glass molded body having a shape of a cylinder, a regular n-gonal prism, or an approximately regular n-gonal prism, which is made of glass having a liquidus temperature and a viscosity of 5×10 3 dPa·s or less at the liquidus temperature,
The area of the cross section perpendicular to the side surface is 1.0 × 10 3 mm 2 or more,
A glass molding made of glass having striae of grades 1 to 3 as measured in accordance with Japan Optical Glass Industry Association Standard JOGIS11-1975 (where n is an integer of 5 or more).
[7] The glass molded body according to [6], wherein the length from one end to the other end of the shape is 2 cm or more.
[8] A method for producing a plate glass, comprising slicing the glass molded body according to [6] or [7] into a thin plate.
[9] A method for producing an optical element, in which one or more optical elements are formed from the plate glass obtained by the method according to [8].
本発明のガラス成形体、例えば本発明の製法方法により製造させる所定の特性を有するガラスからなるガラス成形体は、液相温度における粘度が５×１０３ｄＰａ・ｓ以下であるという粘度が比較的低いガラスであるにもかかわらず、脈理の程度が低く、かつ、断面積が１．０×１０３ｍｍ２以上の断面を有する円柱、正ｎ角柱及び略正ｎ角柱のいずれかの形状を有するガラス成形体（但し、ｎは５以上の整数）であるため、そのガラス成形体からは効率良く、所望の形状の所望の特性の光学ガラスを取り出すことができる。
また、本発明のガラス成形体の製造方法によれば、比較的低粘度のガラスであっても、脈理を発生させずに、大きい断面積を有するガラス成形体を製造することができる。
The glass molded body of the present invention, for example, a glass molded body made of glass having predetermined properties produced by the manufacturing method of the present invention, is a glass having a relatively low viscosity of 5 × 10 3 dPa ·s or less at the liquidus temperature, yet has a low degree of striae and is a glass molded body having a shape of a cylinder, a regular n-gonal prism, or a nearly regular n-gonal prism (where n is an integer of 5 or more) with a cross-sectional area of 1.0 × 10 3 mm 2 or more. Therefore, optical glass of a desired shape and with desired properties can be efficiently extracted from the glass molded body.
Furthermore, according to the method for producing a glass molded body of the present invention, even if a glass has a relatively low viscosity, a glass molded body having a large cross-sectional area can be produced without the occurrence of striae.
［ガラス成形体］
本発明のガラス成形体は、液相温度を有し、前記液相温度における粘度が５×１０３ｄＰａ・ｓ以下であるガラスにより構成される、円柱、正ｎ角柱及び略正ｎ角柱のいずれかの形状を有するガラス成形体であって、側面に垂直な断面の面積が１．０×１０３ｍｍ２以上であり、日本光学硝子工業会規格ＪＯＧＩＳ１１－１９７５に従って測定した脈理が１～３級であるガラスからなる、ガラス成形体である（但し、ｎは５以上の整数）。
[Glass molded body]
The glass molded body of the present invention is a glass molded body having a shape of a cylinder, a regular n-gonal prism, or an approximately regular n-gonal prism, which is composed of glass having a liquidus temperature and a viscosity at the liquidus temperature of 5×10 3 dPa·s or less, and which has a cross-sectional area perpendicular to a side surface of 1.0×10 3 mm 2 or more and a striae of grade 1 to 3 measured in accordance with Japan Optical Glass Industry Association Standard JOGIS11-1975 (where n is an integer of 5 or more).
本発明のガラス成形体は、円柱、正ｎ角柱及び略正ｎ角柱のいずれかの形状（但し、ｎは５以上の整数）であり、側面に垂直な断面の面積が１．０×１０３ｍｍ２以上を有することが特徴である。
ここで円柱形状とは、側面に垂直な断面が円である棒形状のものに加えて、円盤状（両端部の間の距離が短い）も含むものとする。
また、正ｎ角柱形状、略正ｎ角柱形状とは、側面に垂直な断面が正ｎ角形、略正ｎ角形である棒形状のものに加えて、正ｎ角形盤状（両端部の間の距離が前記正ｎ角形の外接円の直径よりも短い）、略正ｎ角形盤状（両端部の間の距離が前記略正ｎ角形の頂点のすべてを円周上または円周内に含む仮想的な円の直径よりも短い）のものも含むものとする。
角柱形状のガラス成形体の側面を研削や研磨などにより加工し、円柱形状のガラスを作製することができる。角柱形状の側面に垂直な断面が正ｎ角形又は略正ｎ角形（ｎは５以上）であると、円柱形状のガラスを作製するときに除去するガラスの量を低減することができる。
正ｎ角柱状のガラス成形体から円柱状ガラスを作製する場合、正ｎ角柱状のガラス成形体の体積に対する円柱状ガラスの体積の比率（円柱状のガラスの体積／正ｎ角柱状のガラス成形体の体積）の関係を図５に示す。前記比率を円柱状ガラスの歩留まりと呼ぶと、ｎ＝４の場合、前記歩留まりは８０％未満であるが、ｎが５以上では歩留まりが著しく高まる。ｎは６以上であることが好ましく、７以上であることがより好ましく、８以上であることがさらに好ましく、９以上であることが一層好ましく、１０以上であることがより一層好ましい。
本発明のガラス成形体は、例えば本発明のガラス成形体の製造方法により得ることができ、側面に垂直の断面積は、好ましくは２．０×１０３ｍｍ２以上、さらに好ましくは２．５×１０４ｍｍ２以上、特に好ましくは３．０×１０４ｍｍ２以上である。断面積が大きいほど、効率よく所望の光学ガラス素子を得ることができるためである。
The glass molded body of the present invention is characterized by having a shape of any one of a cylinder, a regular n-sided prism, and an approximately regular n-sided prism (where n is an integer of 5 or more), and having a cross-sectional area perpendicular to the side surface of 1.0 × 10 3 mm 2 or more.
Here, the cylindrical shape includes not only a rod shape with a circular cross section perpendicular to the side surface, but also a disk shape (with a short distance between both ends).
Furthermore, the terms "regular n-gonal prism shape" and "approximately regular n-gonal prism shape" include not only rod-shaped shapes whose cross sections perpendicular to the side surfaces are regular n-gons or approximately regular n-gons, but also regular n-gonal plate-shaped shapes (where the distance between both ends is shorter than the diameter of the circumscribing circle of the regular n-gon) and approximately regular n-gonal plate-shaped shapes (where the distance between both ends is shorter than the diameter of an imaginary circle that includes all of the vertices of the approximately regular n-gon on or within the circumference).
A cylindrical glass can be produced by processing the side surface of a prismatic glass molded body by grinding, polishing, etc. When the cross section perpendicular to the side surface of the prismatic shape is a regular n-gon or a substantially regular n-gon (n is 5 or more), the amount of glass to be removed when producing the cylindrical glass can be reduced.
When cylindrical glass is produced from a regular n-gonal prismatic glass molded body, the relationship between the volume ratio of the cylindrical glass to the volume of the regular n-gonal prismatic glass molded body (volume of cylindrical glass/volume of regular n-gonal prismatic glass molded body) is shown in Figure 5. This ratio is called the yield of cylindrical glass. When n = 4, the yield is less than 80%, but when n is 5 or more, the yield is significantly increased. n is preferably 6 or more, more preferably 7 or more, even more preferably 8 or more, even more preferably 9 or more, and even more preferably 10 or more.
The glass molded body of the present invention can be obtained, for example, by the method for producing a glass molded body of the present invention, and has a cross-sectional area perpendicular to the side surface of preferably 2.0 × 10 mm 2 or more, more preferably 2.5 × 10 mm 2 or more, and particularly preferably 3.0 × 10 mm 2 or more. The larger the cross-sectional area, the more efficiently the desired optical glass element can be obtained.
本発明のガラス成形体を構成するガラスは、液相温度を有する（液相温度が存在する）。ここで、液相温度とは、ある温度に一定時間保持した場合に、ガラス熔融液から結晶固化物が生成しない最低温度とする。すなわち、本発明のガラス成形体は、粘度が５×１０３ｄＰａ・ｓを超える高粘性領域でも結晶固形物が析出しないような極めて安定なガラスは除外される。 The glass constituting the glass shaped product of the present invention has a liquidus temperature (i.e., a liquidus temperature exists). Here, the liquidus temperature is the lowest temperature at which no crystalline solid is formed from the glass melt when maintained at a certain temperature for a certain period of time. In other words, the glass shaped product of the present invention excludes extremely stable glasses that do not precipitate crystalline solids even in a high-viscosity region with a viscosity exceeding 5×10 3 dPa s.
本発明のガラス成形体は、液相温度における粘度が５×１０３ｄＰａ・ｓ以下である。液相温度の粘度が５×１０３ｄＰａ・ｓ以下であるような、成形する温度付近（熔融ガラスを成形する温度付近）において低い粘性のガラスを対象としている。本発明のガラス成形体の液相温度における粘度は、好ましくは、１×１０３ｄＰａ・ｓ以下であり、より好ましくは、１×１０２ｄＰａ・ｓ以下である。 The glass shaped body of the present invention has a viscosity of 5×10 3 dPa·s or less at its liquidus temperature. The glass shaped body of the present invention is intended for glasses that have a low viscosity near the molding temperature (near the temperature at which the glass melt is molded), such as a viscosity of 5×10 3 dPa·s or less at its liquidus temperature. The viscosity of the glass shaped body of the present invention at its liquidus temperature is preferably 1×10 3 dPa·s or less, and more preferably 1×10 2 dPa·s or less.
本発明のガラス成形体は、日本光学硝子工業会規格ＪＯＧＩＳ１１－１９７５に従って測定した脈理が１～３級であるガラスから構成される。
一般的に液相温度の粘度が５×１０３ｄＰａ・ｓ以下であるようなガラス（粘性の低いガラス）は、ガラス熔融状態から大きな断面積を有するガラス成形体を直接製造することが難しい。これは粘性が低いガラスを成形すると、ガラスのキャスト後（熔融ガラスを成形型に鋳込んだ後）、ガラス表面の低い温度のガラス部分（先に温度が低下した表面付近のガラス）が、依然として高温であるガラスの内部に侵入してしまい、それによりガラスが不均一になりやすいためと考えられている。
しかし、本発明のガラス成形体は、脈理が１～３級の立体ガラスを加熱により変形させて成形するため、液相温度の粘度が５×１０３ｄＰａ・ｓ以下のようなガラスであっても、大きい断面積のガラス成形体を得ることが可能である。ここで立体ガラスは、型の内部に配置可能な形状を有する固化したガラスであり、好ましくは表面が平面および／または凸形状の曲面であるガラスである。なお、ガラス成形体を形成する際、ガラスは粘度が高い状態で成形するため、新たな脈理が発生しにくく、そのため大きい断面積のガラス成形体であっても、脈理が１～３級のガラス成形体を得ることができる。
ここで脈理とは、屈折率等の光学的な特性の不均質となっている部分を言う。
なお、本発明のガラス成形体は、脈理が１級または２級のガラス成形体であることが好ましく、脈理が１級のガラス成形体であることがより好ましい。
The glass molded article of the present invention is composed of glass having striae of grades 1 to 3 as measured in accordance with the Japan Optical Glass Industry Association standard JOGIS11-1975.
In general, it is difficult to directly manufacture a glass molded body having a large cross-sectional area from a glass having a viscosity of 5×10 3 dPa s or less at its liquidus temperature (low-viscosity glass) from a molten glass state. This is thought to be because, when low-viscosity glass is molded, after the glass is cast (after the molten glass is poured into a mold), the low-temperature glass portion on the glass surface (the glass near the surface whose temperature has dropped earlier) penetrates into the interior of the glass, which is still at a high temperature, and this tends to make the glass non-uniform.
However, since the glass molded body of the present invention is formed by deforming three-dimensional glass having striae of grades 1 to 3 by heating, it is possible to obtain a glass molded body with a large cross-sectional area even if the glass has a viscosity at its liquidus temperature of 5 x 10 3 dPa s or less. Here, three-dimensional glass is solidified glass having a shape that can be placed inside a mold, and preferably has a flat and/or convex curved surface. Note that when the glass molded body is formed, the glass is molded in a high viscosity state, so new striae are less likely to occur. Therefore, even if the glass molded body has a large cross-sectional area, a glass molded body with striae of grades 1 to 3 can be obtained.
Here, striae refers to portions where optical properties such as refractive index are non-uniform.
The glass shaped product of the present invention is preferably a glass shaped product having first or second grade striae, and more preferably a glass shaped product having first grade striae.
本発明のガラス成形体の一方の端部から他方の端部までの長さは、限定されるものではないが、例えば、２ｃｍ以上、好ましくは、５ｃｍ以上、より好ましくは１０ｃｍ以上である。
ここで、ガラス成形体の一方の端部から他方の端部までの長さは、例えば円柱ガラスの場合は高さに相当し、円盤状ガラスの場合は厚さに相当する。
The length from one end to the other end of the glass molded article of the present invention is not limited, but is, for example, 2 cm or more, preferably 5 cm or more, and more preferably 10 cm or more.
Here, the length from one end to the other end of the glass molded body corresponds to the height in the case of a cylindrical glass, and corresponds to the thickness in the case of a disk-shaped glass.
［ガラス成形体の製造方法］
（実施態様１）
本発明のガラス成形体の製造方法の実施態様１は下記の通りである。すなわち；
立体ガラスからガラス成形体を製造する方法であって、前記立体ガラスを、型の底部に接するように前記型に配置する工程と、前記立体ガラスを前記型とともに加熱して、前記立体ガラスの温度を、前記立体ガラスが自重で変形する温度以上、結晶化温度未満である成形温度まで上昇させ、前記成形温度を維持する工程と、前記成形温度により前記立体ガラスが変形し、前記型の内部形状に対応した形状を有するガラス成形体を形成する工程と、冷却後、前記型から取り出すことにより、前記ガラス成形体を得る工程とを含む、製造方法；である。
本実施態様において、前記立体ガラスを支持する工程と、前記立体ガラスを支持した状態で、立体ガラスを前記型とともに、加熱炉の中に入れる工程とを加えてもよい。
以下、図２を用いて、詳細に説明する。
なお、実施態様１及び後述する実施態様２では、円柱形状のガラス成形体を製造しているが、当該製造方法に得られるガラス成形体は円柱形状のみならず、様々な形状のガラス成形体を製造することができ、例えば、側面に対し垂直な断面が、円、楕円、三角形や四角形、五角形以上の多角形、正三角形や正方形、正五角形以上の正多角形であるガラス成形などが挙げられる。したがって、実施態様１及び実施態様２で得られるガラス成形体の立体形状は、円柱形状や角柱形状などが挙げられる。
[Method of manufacturing glass molded body]
(Embodiment 1)
A first embodiment of the method for producing a glass molded body of the present invention is as follows:
A method for producing a glass molded body from three-dimensional glass, comprising the steps of: placing the three-dimensional glass in a mold so that the three-dimensional glass is in contact with the bottom of the mold; heating the three-dimensional glass together with the mold to raise the temperature of the three-dimensional glass to a forming temperature that is equal to or higher than the temperature at which the three-dimensional glass deforms under its own weight and lower than the crystallization temperature; maintaining the forming temperature; deforming the three-dimensional glass at the forming temperature to form a glass molded body having a shape corresponding to the internal shape of the mold; and cooling and removing the glass molded body from the mold to obtain the glass molded body.
This embodiment may further include a step of supporting the three-dimensional glass and a step of placing the three-dimensional glass together with the mold in a heating furnace while the three-dimensional glass is supported.
This will be described in detail below with reference to FIG.
In addition, in embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 described later, cylindrical glass shaped bodies are produced, but the glass shaped bodies obtained by this production method are not limited to cylindrical shapes, and glass shaped bodies of various shapes can be produced, such as glass shaped bodies whose cross section perpendicular to the side surface is a circle, ellipse, triangle, rectangle, polygon with pentagons or more, equilateral triangle, square, regular polygon with pentagons or more, etc. Therefore, the three-dimensional shape of the glass shaped bodies obtained in embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 can be a cylindrical shape, a prismatic shape, etc.
まず立体ガラス１を、凹部を有する型３の内部の底面３２に配置する。立体ガラス１は、図２に示すような断面が矩形の直方体ガラスに、加えて、円柱形状やその他の形状のガラスであってもよい。このように立体ガラスは、表面が平面および／または凸形状の曲面であることが好ましい。立体ガラスの内部に空洞が存在したり、表面に開口径よりも深い凹部がある立体ガラスを使用すると、立体ガラスの表面（空洞を囲むガラス内部の面を含む）がガラス成形体の内部に残存して、ガラス成形体の光学的均質性が低下してしまう。したがって、空洞がある立体ガラスや表面に開口径よりも深い凹部がある立体ガラスの使用は好ましくない。立体ガラス１はガラスとして固体である。配置方法は、立体ガラス１の長辺を型３の底面３２に対して、垂直に配置する。立体ガラス１の断面積は、型３の内部形状３１の断面積（底面３２に対して平行な面における内部形状の面積）よりも小さくする。底面３２に接するように配置する必要があるからである。 First, the three-dimensional glass piece 1 is placed on the bottom surface 32 inside the mold 3, which has a recess. The three-dimensional glass piece 1 may be a rectangular parallelepiped glass piece with a rectangular cross-section, as shown in Figure 2, or may be cylindrical or have other shapes. As such, the three-dimensional glass piece preferably has flat and/or convex curved surfaces. If a three-dimensional glass piece has a cavity inside it or a recess on its surface that is deeper than the opening diameter, the surface of the three-dimensional glass piece (including the internal surface of the glass surrounding the cavity) will remain inside the glass molded body, reducing the optical homogeneity of the glass molded body. Therefore, it is not recommended to use three-dimensional glass piece with a cavity or a recess on its surface that is deeper than the opening diameter. The three-dimensional glass piece 1 is solid as glass. The three-dimensional glass piece 1 is placed so that its long side is perpendicular to the bottom surface 32 of the mold 3. The cross-sectional area of the three-dimensional glass piece 1 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the internal shape 31 of the mold 3 (the area of the internal shape in a plane parallel to the bottom surface 32). This is because the three-dimensional glass piece needs to be placed so that it is in contact with the bottom surface 32.
型３は、ガラス成形体２１の形状に対応した内部形状３１を有する。すなわち内部形状３１とは、型３の凹部の形状である。図２では、直径が大きいガラス成形体２１を得るため、その形状に対応した内部形状３１（すなわち、円柱形状）の型３である。ガラスが型３からあふれ出ないようにするため、型３の内部形状３１の体積（型の容積）は、立体ガラス１及びガラス成形体２１の体積よりも大きくする。
型３の材料は、耐火性であれば特に限定されず、セラミック、珪素土などが挙げられる。
The mold 3 has an internal shape 31 corresponding to the shape of the glass molded body 21. In other words, the internal shape 31 is the shape of the recess of the mold 3. In Fig. 2, in order to obtain a glass molded body 21 with a large diameter, the mold 3 has an internal shape 31 (i.e., a cylindrical shape) corresponding to that shape. To prevent the glass from overflowing from the mold 3, the volume of the internal shape 31 of the mold 3 (the volume of the mold) is made larger than the volumes of the three-dimensional glass 1 and the glass molded body 21.
The material of the mold 3 is not particularly limited as long as it is fire-resistant, and examples thereof include ceramics and silica earth.
材料である立体ガラス１の断面積が小さく、かつ、ガラス成形体２１の体積の大きい場合は、立体ガラス１の長辺は断面に対して、非常に長くする必要がある。その場合は、図２のように、支持具５を使って、倒れないように立体ガラス１を押さえることができる。図２では、立体ガラス１を上部から支持する支持具５を用いているが、支持する方法は特に限定されるものではなく、横からクランプする方法などを用いてもよい。 If the cross-sectional area of the three-dimensional glass 1, which is the material, is small and the volume of the glass molding 21 is large, the long sides of the three-dimensional glass 1 must be very long relative to the cross-section. In this case, as shown in Figure 2, a support 5 can be used to hold the three-dimensional glass 1 down to prevent it from falling over. In Figure 2, a support 5 is used to support the three-dimensional glass 1 from above, but the support method is not particularly limited, and methods such as clamping from the side can also be used.
次に、図２の（ｂ）に示すように、立体ガラス１及び型３（必要に応じて支持具５）を加熱炉４の中に配置し、立体ガラス１を成形温度まで加熱できるように設定する。成形温度は、立体ガラス１が自重で変形する温度以上、結晶化温度未満である。立体ガラス１が自重で変形する温度未満の温度であると、ガラスが変形しにくく、立体ガラス１を所定の形状に変形することができない。また、結晶化温度以上であると、ガラスが低粘度で熔融状態になってしまい、脈理が発生する場合がある。本発明の製造方法では、ガラスを低粘度の熔融状態にしない。ガラスを低粘度の熔融状態にしてしまうと、不安定なガラスであると、その後の冷却段階でガラス結晶化点を通過することにより、ガラス中又はガラス表面に結晶が発生してしまう。本発明は、結晶が発生しやすい不安定なガラスであっても、結晶を発生せず、長さ方向に対して垂直の断面積が大きい円柱形状のガラス成形体を製造することができるものである。
本発明において、成形温度の下限は自重でガラスが変形する温度である。自重で変形する温度とは実質的に屈伏点Ｔｓである。屈伏点（Ｔｓ）とは、熱膨張曲線において、見掛け上、膨張が停止する温度である。屈伏点Ｔｓは、例えばＪＩＳ Ｒ ３１０３－３ 第３部：熱膨張法による転移温度測定方法により求める。
なお、この膨張の停止は、ガラスの本質的な熱膨張特性を示すものではなく、ガラス試料に加わる荷重とガラス試料の自重とによる変形で生じたものである。本発明において、好ましい成形温度の下限は、屈伏点を超える温度である。
また、本明細書において、結晶化温度とは一般的な光学ガラスの示差熱分析のグラフを示す図４において、吸熱ピークの極大であるＴｃの部分の温度である。
Next, as shown in Figure 2(b), the 3D glass piece 1 and mold 3 (and, if necessary, support 5) are placed in a heating furnace 4, and the furnace is set so that the 3D glass piece 1 can be heated to the forming temperature. The forming temperature is above the temperature at which the 3D glass piece 1 deforms under its own weight but below the crystallization temperature. If the temperature is below the temperature at which the 3D glass piece 1 deforms under its own weight, the glass is difficult to deform, and the 3D glass piece 1 cannot be deformed into the desired shape. Furthermore, if the temperature is above the crystallization temperature, the glass becomes molten at a low viscosity, which may result in the formation of striae. In the manufacturing method of the present invention, the glass is not brought to a low-viscosity molten state. If the glass is brought to a low-viscosity molten state, if the glass is unstable, it will pass through the glass crystallization point during the subsequent cooling stage, resulting in the formation of crystals in or on the glass surface. The present invention allows the production of cylindrical glass molded bodies with a large cross-sectional area perpendicular to the length direction without crystallization, even from unstable glasses prone to crystallization.
In the present invention, the lower limit of the forming temperature is the temperature at which the glass deforms under its own weight. The temperature at which the glass deforms under its own weight is essentially the yield point Ts. The yield point (Ts) is the temperature at which expansion apparently stops on a thermal expansion curve. The yield point Ts is determined, for example, by JIS R 3103-3 Part 3: Transition temperature measurement method by thermal expansion method.
It should be noted that this cessation of expansion does not represent the essential thermal expansion characteristics of the glass, but is caused by deformation due to the load applied to the glass sample and its own weight. In the present invention, the lower limit of the preferred forming temperature is a temperature above the yield point.
In this specification, the crystallization temperature is the temperature at the Tc portion, which is the maximum endothermic peak, in FIG. 4, which shows a graph of differential thermal analysis of a typical optical glass.
加熱炉４は室温の状態で、立体ガラス１を挿入してもよいし、ある程度温度を上げてから挿入し、加熱してもよいし、あらかじめ、加熱炉４を所望の温度に上げておいて、その中に立体ガラス１を挿入してもよい。 The three-dimensional glass pane 1 may be inserted into the heating furnace 4 while it is still at room temperature, or it may be inserted and heated after the temperature has been raised to a certain level, or the heating furnace 4 may be heated to the desired temperature beforehand and the three-dimensional glass pane 1 may be inserted into it.
加熱炉４の中に立体ガラス１を挿入し、立体ガラス１が成形温度付近に達すると、ガラスが軟化する。軟化したガラスは、自重により型３内に広がり、最終的に型３の内部形状３１に形成される。その後、冷却により、型３の内部形状３１に対応する形状を有する固化したガラス成形体２１が得られる。 The 3D glass piece 1 is inserted into the heating furnace 4, and when it reaches a temperature close to the forming temperature, the glass softens. The softened glass spreads within the mold 3 due to its own weight, and is eventually formed into the internal shape 31 of the mold 3. After that, by cooling, a solidified glass molded body 21 having a shape corresponding to the internal shape 31 of the mold 3 is obtained.
冷却速度は、得られるガラス成形体が割れないように徐冷することが好ましいが、特に限定されるものではなく、ガラス成形体２１のガラス組成や形状に応じて、適宜決定することができる。 The cooling rate is preferably slow so as not to crack the resulting glass molded body, but is not particularly limited and can be determined appropriately depending on the glass composition and shape of the glass molded body 21.
（実施態様２）
ガラス成形体の製造方法の実施態様２は下記の通りである。すなわち；
立体ガラスからガラス成形体を製造する方法であって、前記立体ガラスを、基台に配置する工程と、配置された前記立体ガラスに開口している端部から筒をかぶせ、前記端部を前記基台に接するように前記筒を配置する工程と、前記筒をかぶせた状態で前記立体ガラスを加熱して、前記立体ガラスの温度を、前記立体ガラスが自重で変形する温度以上、結晶化温度未満である成形温度まで上昇させ、前記成形温度を維持する工程と、前記成形温度により前記立体ガラスが変形し、前記筒の内部形状に対応した形状を有するガラス成形体を形成する工程と、冷却後、前記筒から取り出すことにより、前記ガラス成形体を得る工程とを含む、製造方法；である。
なお、前記立体ガラスを前記筒をかぶせた状態で、前記基台及び前記筒とともに、加熱炉の中に入れて、前記加熱炉内の前記立体ガラスの温度を、前記立体ガラスが自重で変形する温度以上、結晶化温度未満である成形温度まで上昇させ、前記成形温度を維持するようにしてもよい。以下、図３を用いて、詳細に説明する。
(Embodiment 2)
The second embodiment of the method for producing a glass molded body is as follows:
A method for manufacturing a glass molded body from three-dimensional glass, comprising the steps of: placing the three-dimensional glass on a base; covering the open end of the placed three-dimensional glass with a tube and placing the tube so that the end is in contact with the base; heating the three-dimensional glass with the tube covered to raise the temperature of the three-dimensional glass to a forming temperature that is equal to or higher than the temperature at which the three-dimensional glass deforms under its own weight and lower than the crystallization temperature, and maintaining the forming temperature; deforming the three-dimensional glass at the forming temperature to form a glass molded body having a shape corresponding to the internal shape of the tube; and obtaining the glass molded body by cooling and removing it from the tube.
The three-dimensional glass may be placed in a heating furnace together with the base and the tube, with the tube covering the three-dimensional glass, and the temperature of the three-dimensional glass in the heating furnace may be raised to a forming temperature that is equal to or higher than the temperature at which the three-dimensional glass deforms under its own weight and lower than the crystallization temperature, and the forming temperature may be maintained.
実施態様２は、図３で示すように、実施態様１よりもガラス成形体の一方の端部から他方の端部までの長さが端面の外径よりも長い（細長い）ガラス成形体を得る場合に有効である。実施態様１と異なるところは、型ではなく、皿６のような基台を使うことができる。なお、基台は、皿６である必要はなく、耐火性の板でもよいし、実施態様１のような型３を利用してもよい。なお、実施態様２では皿６の底面６１を基台として用いている。また、基台として皿６を使用することにより、ガラスが筒７から漏れたときに、装置以外を汚すことがない。 As shown in Figure 3, embodiment 2 is more effective than embodiment 1 when obtaining a glass molded body in which the length from one end to the other end is longer (slender) than the outer diameter of the end face. It differs from embodiment 1 in that a base such as a dish 6 can be used instead of a mold. The base does not have to be a dish 6; it can be a fire-resistant plate, or the mold 3 as in embodiment 1 can be used. In embodiment 2, the bottom surface 61 of the dish 6 is used as the base. Furthermore, by using the dish 6 as the base, glass leaking from the tube 7 does not contaminate anything other than the apparatus.
実施態様２では、立体ガラス１を皿６の底面６１の上に配置したあと、立体ガラス１にかぶせるように、筒７を皿６に配置する。実施態様２では、筒７の開口している端部から、皿６に垂直に立っている立体ガラス１にかぶせ、筒７も皿６に垂直に立たせる。筒７の長さは、立体ガラス１の長辺の長さよりも長い方が好ましいが、ガラス成形体２２の製造に影響がないのであれば、立体ガラス１の長辺の長さよりも、短くてもよい。必要により、筒７が倒れないように支持体により支持してもよい。 In embodiment 2, after placing the three-dimensional glass piece 1 on the bottom surface 61 of the dish 6, the tube 7 is placed on the dish 6 so as to cover the three-dimensional glass piece 1. In embodiment 2, the open end of the tube 7 is placed over the three-dimensional glass piece 1, which is standing vertically on the dish 6, and the tube 7 is also placed vertically on the dish 6. The length of the tube 7 is preferably longer than the length of the long side of the three-dimensional glass piece 1, but it may be shorter than the length of the long side of the three-dimensional glass piece 1 as long as it does not affect the production of the glass molded body 22. If necessary, the tube 7 may be supported by a support to prevent it from falling over.
実施態様２で得られるガラス成形体２２の形状は、筒７の内部形状に対応したものとなるため、筒７は、内部形状が所望のガラス成形体が得られる筒７を選択する。
例えば、内径２０～１８０ｍｍ、長さ１００～７００ｍｍ程度のチューブを筒７として使うことができる。
筒の材料は、耐火性であれば特に限定されるものではなく、セラミック、珪藻土などが挙げられる。
The shape of the glass shaped body 22 obtained in the second embodiment corresponds to the internal shape of the cylinder 7, so the cylinder 7 is selected so that a glass shaped body having the desired internal shape can be obtained.
For example, a tube having an inner diameter of 20 to 180 mm and a length of 100 to 700 mm can be used as the cylinder 7.
The material of the cylinder is not particularly limited as long as it is fire-resistant, and examples thereof include ceramic and diatomaceous earth.
次に、立体ガラス１、皿６、そして、筒７を加熱炉４の中に配置し、立体ガラス１を成形温度まで加熱できるように設定する。このとき、筒７の皿６の底面に対して垂直に配置されていれば、立体ガラス１は筒７の内部で筒７に倒れかかってもよい。成形温度や加熱炉４の温度設定は、実施態様１と同様であるため、省略する。 Next, the three-dimensional glass 1, dish 6, and tube 7 are placed in the heating furnace 4, which is set up so that the three-dimensional glass 1 can be heated to the forming temperature. At this time, the three-dimensional glass 1 may lean against the tube 7 inside the tube 7, as long as it is positioned perpendicular to the bottom surface of the dish 6. The forming temperature and the temperature setting of the heating furnace 4 are omitted, as they are the same as in embodiment 1.
加熱炉４の中に立体ガラス１を挿入し、立体ガラス１が成形温度付近に達すると、ガラスが軟化する。軟化したガラスは、自重により筒７の下方の内部に広がり、最終的に筒７の内部形状に形成される。その後、冷却により、筒７の内部形状に対応する形状を有する固化したガラスが得られる。冷却速度は、実施態様１と同様、適宜できる。 The 3D glass piece 1 is inserted into the heating furnace 4, and when it reaches a temperature close to the forming temperature, the glass softens. The softened glass spreads downward into the interior of the tube 7 due to its own weight, and is eventually formed into the internal shape of the tube 7. After that, by cooling, solidified glass having a shape corresponding to the internal shape of the tube 7 is obtained. The cooling rate can be adjusted as appropriate, as in embodiment 1.
なお、実施態様１及び実施態様２は、いずれも自重で立体ガラス１を変形させたが、これに限定されるものではなく、プレス装置等で上からガラスを加圧したり、立体ガラスの上に重りを載せてガラスに荷重を加えて、成形させてもよい。 In both embodiments 1 and 2, the three-dimensional glass 1 is deformed by its own weight, but this is not limited to this. The glass may also be shaped by applying pressure from above using a press or by placing a weight on top of the three-dimensional glass to apply load to the glass.
以下、実施例により本発明をさらに説明する。なお、本発明は実施例に限定されるものではない。 The present invention will be further explained below using examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples.
［円柱形状の成形ガラスの作製］
ガラス原料を調合し、ガラス状態に応じて９００～１４５０℃で熔融し、すなわち、１３００～１４５０℃の範囲でガラス原料を加熱、熔融し、金型にキャスト後、各ガラスのガラス転移温度Ｔｇの温度に５０℃～１００℃を加えた温度でアニールすることにより、７種類からなる板状のガラス１～７を得た（脈理は１～３級）。ガラス１～７のガラス転移温度、熔解温度、液相温度及び保持温度を表１に示し、液相温度における粘度、屈伏点、結晶化温度を表２に示す。ここで、ガラス転移温度(転移点)Ｔｇは、ＪＩＳ Ｒ ３１０３－３ 第３部：熱膨張法による転移温度測定方法により求める。液相温度は次のようにして求める。
表１に示す各ガラスからなる体積が１０ｃｍ３のガラス試料を白金製坩堝内に入れ、表１に示す熔解温度に設定したガラス熔解炉内で２０分保持してガラス試料を十分に熔融して熔融状態とした後、白金製坩堝をガラス熔解炉から取り出し、ガラス試料の温度が５００℃以下になるまで白金製坩堝内でガラス試料を放置し冷却した。その後、上記白金製坩堝を温度Ｔ［℃］に設定したガラス熔解炉内に入れて２時間保持し、炉外に取り出した後、直ちに（８秒以内に）ガラス試料が入った白金製坩堝を室温の耐火物（レンガ等）の上に置き、ガラス試料を室温まで冷却した。ここでの室温は、－１０～８０℃の範囲の温度である。その後、ガラス試料の表面および内部を目視で観察し、結晶の有無を確認した。上記の温度Ｔを表１に示す保持温度の範囲内で１０℃刻みで変化させて、上記実験を繰り返し行い、ガラス試料の表面および内部に結晶が認められない最も低い温度を液相温度ＬＴとした。
液相温度における粘度は、例えば回転粘度計も用いて、液相温度、液相温度よりも５０℃高い温度、液相温度よりも１００℃高い温度、液相温度よりも１５０℃高い温度、ガラス転移温度Ｔｇの各温度における粘度を測定し、５点のデータから近似曲線を導き、この近似曲線から算出すればよい。屈伏点Ｔｓ、結晶化温度の測定方法は前述のとおりである。
[Production of cylindrical molded glass]
Glass raw materials were mixed and melted at 900 to 1450°C depending on the glass state. In other words, the glass raw materials were heated and melted in the range of 1300 to 1450°C. The glass was then cast into a mold and annealed at a temperature 50 to 100°C higher than the glass transition temperature (Tg) of each glass, to obtain seven types of plate-shaped glasses 1 to 7 (stria grades 1 to 3). The glass transition temperatures, melting temperatures, liquidus temperatures, and holding temperatures of Glasses 1 to 7 are shown in Table 1, and the viscosity, yield point, and crystallization temperature at the liquidus temperature are shown in Table 2. The glass transition temperature (transition point) Tg was determined according to JIS R 3103-3 Part 3: Measurement of transition temperature by thermal expansion method. The liquidus temperature was determined as follows.
A 10 cm3 glass sample made of each glass shown in Table 1 was placed in a platinum crucible and held for 20 minutes in a glass melting furnace set to the melting temperature shown in Table 1 to fully melt the glass sample into a molten state. The platinum crucible was then removed from the glass melting furnace and allowed to cool in the platinum crucible until the temperature of the glass sample reached 500°C or less. The platinum crucible was then placed in a glass melting furnace set to a temperature T [°C] and held there for 2 hours. After removal from the furnace, the platinum crucible containing the glass sample was immediately (within 8 seconds) placed on a refractory material (e.g., bricks) at room temperature, and the glass sample was cooled to room temperature. Room temperature here was a temperature in the range of -10 to 80°C. The surface and interior of the glass sample were then visually observed to confirm the presence or absence of crystals. The above experiment was repeated by changing the temperature T in 10°C increments within the holding temperature range shown in Table 1, and the lowest temperature at which no crystals were observed on the surface or inside of the glass sample was defined as the liquidus temperature LT.
The viscosity at the liquidus temperature can be calculated from the approximation curve obtained by measuring the viscosity at the liquidus temperature, a temperature 50°C higher than the liquidus temperature, a temperature 100°C higher than the liquidus temperature, a temperature 150°C higher than the liquidus temperature, and the glass transition temperature Tg, using, for example, a rotational viscometer. The viscosity can be calculated from the approximation curve obtained by deriving the viscosity at the five points. The methods for measuring the yield point Ts and crystallization temperature are as described above.
次に、板状のガラス１～７を切断し、短冊状ガラスを得た。短冊形状は、２５ｍｍ×５９ｍｍ×３００ｍｍの角柱（直方体）であった。 Next, the glass plates 1 to 7 were cut to obtain glass strips. The strips were rectangular prisms measuring 25 mm x 59 mm x 300 mm.
（実施例１乃至７）
得られた短冊形状のガラス１～７を下記条件のもとで、実施態様１の方法（支持あり）で直径１５０ｍｍ、高さ２５ｍｍの円柱形状（円盤形状）のガラスを得た。脈理は、１～３級であった。
型：セラミックス製
型内部の形状：円筒形状
型の内部の直径（底面）：１５０ｍｍ
型の内部形状の高さ３０ｍｍ
成形温度：屈伏点（Ｔｓ）＋２０℃～１００℃
(Examples 1 to 7)
The obtained glass strips 1 to 7 were processed under the following conditions by the method of embodiment 1 (with support) to obtain cylindrical (disk-shaped) glass pieces having a diameter of 150 mm and a height of 25 mm. The striae were grades 1 to 3.
Mold: Ceramic Mold inner shape: Cylindrical Mold inner diameter (bottom): 150 mm
The height of the internal shape of the mold is 30 mm
Molding temperature: yield point (Ts) +20℃~100℃
（実施例８乃至１４）
表１に示すガラス１～７を用いて、同様に２５ｍｍ×４４ｍｍ×３００ｍｍの短冊形状のガラス１～７を作製し、各ガラスを下記条件のもとで、実施態様２の方法で直径５３ｍｍ、長さ１５０ｍｍの円柱形状のガラスに成形した。脈理は、１～３等級であった。
筒：セラミックス製チューブ
筒の内径：５３ｍｍ
筒の長さ３００ｍｍ
成形温度：屈伏点（Ｔｓ）＋２０℃～１００℃
基台：セラミック製の皿（皿の底面の直径１５０ｍｍ）
上記の例では、円筒形状のセラミックス製チューブを使用して、ガラス１～７それぞれのガラスからなる７個の円柱形状のガラスを作製した。円筒形状のセラミックス製チューブの替わりに、断面が正五角形のセラミックス製チューブ、正六角形のセラミックス製チューブ、正八角形のセラミックス製チューブを使用すれば、正五角柱状のガラス成形体、正六角形のガラス成形体、正八角形のガラス成形体をそれぞれ作製することもできる。このようにして、ガラス１～７それぞれのガラスからなる７個の正五角柱状のガラス、ガラス１～７それぞれのガラスからなる７個の正六角柱状のガラス、ガラス１～７それぞれのガラスからなる７個の正八角柱状のガラスを作製した。次のこれらの各角柱状ガラスの側面を加工し、角柱の断面に内接する円柱形状のガラスを作製した。すなわち、このようにして、各角柱状ガラスから角柱状ガラスと長さが等しく、太さ（円形の断面の直径）が各角柱状ガラスの軸に垂直な断面に内接する円の直径と等しいまたは略等しい円柱状ガラスを作製した。
(Examples 8 to 14)
Glasses 1 to 7 shown in Table 1 were similarly prepared in the form of strips of 25 mm x 44 mm x 300 mm, and each glass was formed into a cylindrical glass piece with a diameter of 53 mm and a length of 150 mm under the following conditions by the method of embodiment 2. The striae were grades 1 to 3.
Cylinder: Ceramic tube Inner diameter of cylinder: 53 mm
Cylinder length: 300 mm
Molding temperature: yield point (Ts) +20℃~100℃
Base: Ceramic dish (bottom diameter 150 mm)
In the above example, seven cylindrical glass pieces were produced from each of Glasses 1 to 7 using a cylindrical ceramic tube. Instead of the cylindrical ceramic tube, a ceramic tube with a regular pentagonal cross section, a regular hexagonal cross section, or a regular octagonal cross section could be used to produce a regular pentagonal prism-shaped glass molded body, a regular hexagonal prism-shaped glass molded body, and a regular octagonal prism-shaped glass molded body, respectively. In this way, seven regular pentagonal prism-shaped glass pieces from each of Glasses 1 to 7, seven regular hexagonal prism-shaped glass pieces from each of Glasses 1 to 7, and seven regular octagonal prism-shaped glass pieces from each of Glasses 1 to 7 were produced. Next, the side surfaces of each of these prismatic glass pieces were processed to produce cylindrical glass pieces inscribed in the cross section of the prismatic column. That is, in this way, cylindrical glass was produced from each prismatic glass, having a length equal to that of the prismatic glass and a thickness (diameter of the circular cross section) equal to or approximately equal to the diameter of a circle inscribed in a cross section perpendicular to the axis of each prismatic glass.
（実施例１５）
実施例１乃至１４において作製した各ガラス成形体を公知の方法でスライスし、複数枚の各種ガラスからなる円形の薄板ガラスを作製した。これらの薄板ガラスに公知の方法で、ゴーグル型ディスプレイに使用する導光板を複数形成し、ダイシングによって各導光板を切り離し、複数の導光板を効率的に製造した。各導光板には結晶や脈理は認められず、品質の高いことを確認した。
なお、公知の方法を使用して導光板以外の光学素子を製造することもできる。
Example 15
Each glass molded body produced in Examples 1 to 14 was sliced by a known method to produce circular thin glass sheets made of multiple sheets of various types of glass. A number of light guide plates for use in goggle-type displays were formed from these thin glass sheets by a known method, and each light guide plate was separated by dicing to efficiently produce multiple light guide plates. No crystals or striae were observed in each light guide plate, confirming its high quality.
It is also possible to manufacture optical elements other than light guide plates using known methods.
（比較例１）
実施例１乃至１４で使用したガラスが得られるガラス熔融物を特許文献１、２に記載の成形型に鋳込んで断面の面積が１．０×１０３ｍｍ２の円柱ガラスを成形した。得られたガラスを観察したところ、顕著な脈理が認められ、脈理が１～３級のガラス成形体を得ることができなかった。
(Comparative Example 1)
The glass melt from which the glasses used in Examples 1 to 14 were obtained was cast into a mold described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 to form a cylindrical glass having a cross-sectional area of 1.0 × 10 3 mm 2. When the obtained glass was observed, significant striae were observed, and a glass molded product with striae of grades 1 to 3 could not be obtained.
符号の説明
１ 立体ガラス
２１、２２ ガラス成形体
３ 型
３１ 型内部
３２ 底面
４ 加熱炉
５ 支持体
６ 皿
７ 筒
Explanation of Reference Signs 1: 3D Glass 21, 22: Glass Molded Body 3: Mold 31: Mold Interior 32: Bottom 4: Heating Furnace 5: Support 6: Dish 7: Cylinder
Claims (9)
前記立体ガラスを、型の底部に接するように前記型に配置する工程と、
前記立体ガラスを前記型とともに加熱して、前記立体ガラスの温度を、前記立体ガラスが自重で変形する温度以上、結晶化温度未満である成形温度まで上昇させ、前記成形温度を維持する工程と、
前記成形温度により前記立体ガラスが変形し、前記型の内部形状に対応した形状を有するガラス成形体を形成する工程と、
冷却後、前記型から取り出すことにより、前記ガラス成形体を得る工程とを含む、製造方法（但し、ｎは５以上の整数）。 A method for producing a glass molded body from three-dimensional glass, the glass molded body having any one of a cylindrical shape, a regular n-gonal prism shape, and a substantially regular n-gonal prism shape, for obtaining a plurality of optical elements, comprising:
placing the solid glass in the mold so that it contacts the bottom of the mold;
a step of heating the three-dimensional glass together with the mold to raise the temperature of the three-dimensional glass to a forming temperature that is equal to or higher than the temperature at which the three-dimensional glass deforms under its own weight and lower than the crystallization temperature, and maintaining the forming temperature;
a step of deforming the three-dimensional glass at the molding temperature to form a glass molded body having a shape corresponding to the internal shape of the mold;
and after cooling, removing the glass molded body from the mold, thereby obtaining the glass molded body (where n is an integer of 5 or more) .
前記立体ガラスを、基台に配置する工程と、
配置された前記立体ガラスに開口している端部から筒をかぶせ、前記端部を前記基台に接するように前記筒を配置する工程と、
前記筒をかぶせた状態で前記立体ガラスを加熱して、前記立体ガラスの温度を、前記立体ガラスが自重で変形する温度以上、結晶化温度未満である成形温度まで上昇させ、前記成形温度を維持する工程と、
前記成形温度により前記立体ガラスが変形し、前記筒の内部形状に対応した形状を有するガラス成形体を形成する工程と、
冷却後、前記筒から取り出すことにより、前記ガラス成形体を得る工程とを含み、
前記ガラス成形体のガラスは、液相温度を有し、前記液相温度における粘度が５×１０３ｄＰａ・ｓ以下である、製造方法。 A method for producing a glass molded body from a three-dimensional glass, comprising:
placing the three-dimensional glass on a base;
a step of covering the placed three-dimensional glass with a tube from an open end thereof and placing the tube so that the end thereof contacts the base;
heating the three-dimensional glass with the tube covered, raising the temperature of the three-dimensional glass to a forming temperature that is equal to or higher than the temperature at which the three-dimensional glass deforms under its own weight and lower than the crystallization temperature, and maintaining the forming temperature;
a step of deforming the three-dimensional glass at the molding temperature to form a glass molded body having a shape corresponding to the internal shape of the tube;
and after cooling, removing the glass molded body from the cylinder to obtain the glass molded body,
The manufacturing method, wherein the glass of the glass shaped body has a liquidus temperature and a viscosity at the liquidus temperature of 5×10 3 dPa·s or less.
側面に垂直な断面の面積が２．０×１０３ｍｍ２以上であり、
日本光学硝子工業会規格ＪＯＧＩＳ１１－１９７５に従って測定した脈理が１～３級であるガラスからなる、ガラス成形体（但し、ｎは５以上の整数）。 A glass molded body having a shape of a cylinder, a regular n-gonal prism, or an approximately regular n-gonal prism, which is made of glass having a liquidus temperature and a viscosity of 5×10 3 dPa·s or less at the liquidus temperature,
The area of the cross section perpendicular to the side surface is 2.0 × 10 3 mm 2 or more,
A glass molding made of glass having striae of grades 1 to 3 as measured in accordance with Japan Optical Glass Industry Association Standard JOGIS11-1975 (where n is an integer of 5 or more).
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| JP2001097731A (en) | 1999-09-30 | 2001-04-10 | Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd | Forming method of quartz glass |
| JP2006117454A (en) | 2004-10-20 | 2006-05-11 | Canon Inc | Method for producing glass molded body |
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