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JP7765981B2 - Calculation method for thermal insulation performance of void slab and design method for void slab - Google Patents
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JP7765981B2 - Calculation method for thermal insulation performance of void slab and design method for void slab - Google Patents

Calculation method for thermal insulation performance of void slab and design method for void slab

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JP7765981B2
JP7765981B2 JP2022013400A JP2022013400A JP7765981B2 JP 7765981 B2 JP7765981 B2 JP 7765981B2 JP 2022013400 A JP2022013400 A JP 2022013400A JP 2022013400 A JP2022013400 A JP 2022013400A JP 7765981 B2 JP7765981 B2 JP 7765981B2
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void
void slab
test specimen
slab
insulation performance
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JP2023111518A (en
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真豊 松崎
隆一 佐々木
正人 渡辺
怜美 金子
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Sumitomo Mitsui Construction Co Ltd
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Sumitomo Mitsui Construction Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/24Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
    • Y02A30/244Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation using natural or recycled building materials, e.g. straw, wool, clay or used tires

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Description

本発明は、ボイドスラブの断熱性能算定方法及びボイドスラブの設計方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for calculating the thermal insulation performance of a void slab and a method for designing a void slab.

防音や軽量化を目的としてボイドスラブが用いられることがある。特許文献1には、コンクリートの躯体に発泡プラスチックを埋め込んだボイドスラブが開示されている。特許文献2には、コンクリートの躯体に発泡プラスチックからなる型材を埋め込み、型材の内部を中空部としたボイドスラブが開示されている。特許文献2には、このようなボイドスラブは断熱性に優れることも記載されている。 Void slabs are sometimes used for soundproofing and weight reduction purposes. Patent Document 1 discloses a void slab in which foamed plastic is embedded in a concrete skeleton. Patent Document 2 discloses a void slab in which a form made of foamed plastic is embedded in a concrete skeleton, leaving the interior of the form hollow. Patent Document 2 also describes that such void slabs have excellent thermal insulation properties.

特開2018-168677号公報Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2018-168677 特開2015-175196号公報JP 2015-175196 A

近年省エネルギーを推進するため、ZEH(ゼロ・エネルギー・ハウス)の普及が望まれている。ZEHを実現するためには住宅の断熱性能を高めることが重要である。ボイドスラブは、スラブ内にコンクリートより熱伝導率の低い物質(発泡プラスチック、空気等)が存在するため、無垢のコンクリートスラブと比べて断熱性能に優れる。しかし、現在はボイドスラブの断熱性能を適切に評価することができない。 In recent years, there has been a desire to promote energy conservation and to make ZEH (Zero Energy Houses) more widespread. To realize ZEHs, it is important to improve the insulation performance of homes. Void slabs have superior insulation performance compared to solid concrete slabs because they contain substances (foamed plastic, air, etc.) with lower thermal conductivity than concrete. However, it is currently not possible to properly evaluate the insulation performance of void slabs.

本発明はボイドスラブの断熱性能を適切に算定する方法を提供することを目的とする。 The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for appropriately calculating the thermal insulation performance of a void slab.

本発明のボイドスラブの断熱性能算定方法は、第1の主面と第1の主面の裏面である第2の主面とを有する、設計対象のボイドスラブを模擬した試験体のボイドスラブの断熱性能算定方法である。断熱性能算定方法は、試験体のボイドスラブの周縁部枠部材で固定することと、試験体のボイドスラブの第1の主面と枠部材と加熱箱によって第1の空間が形成されるように、加熱箱を枠部材の第1の面に取り付けることと、試験体のボイドスラブの第2の主面と枠部材と冷却チャンバとによって第2の空間が形成されるように、冷却チャンバを枠部材の第1の面の裏面に取り付けることと、試験体のボイドスラブと枠部材と加熱箱と冷却チャンバとを恒温恒湿室に設置することと、加熱箱の内部に設置したヒータで第1の空間を加熱することと、試験体のボイドスラブの熱貫流率を求めることと、を有する。設計対象のボイドスラブはボイドが設けられない領域を有し、試験体のボイドスラブは長方形であり、試験体のボイドスラブが備えるボイドは4つであり、試験体のボイドスラブを一つの中心軸に沿って3つの領域に3等分したときに、2つのボイドがそれぞれ試験体のボイドスラブの両端の領域に位置し、設計対象のボイドスラブのボイドが設けられない領域が試験体のボイドスラブの中央の領域に対応する。 The present invention provides a method for calculating the thermal insulation performance of a void slab, which is a test specimen simulating a void slab to be designed, having a first principal surface and a second principal surface opposite to the first principal surface. The method includes the steps of fixing the peripheral edge of the void slab of the test specimen with a frame member, attaching a heating box to a first surface of the frame member so that a first space is formed by the first principal surface of the void slab of the test specimen , the frame member, and the heating box, attaching a cooling chamber to the reverse side of the first surface of the frame member so that a second space is formed by the second principal surface of the void slab of the test specimen, the frame member, and the cooling chamber, placing the void slab of the test specimen , the frame member, the heating box, and the cooling chamber in a constant temperature and humidity chamber, heating the first space with a heater installed inside the heating box, and determining the thermal transmission coefficient of the void slab of the test specimen . The void slab to be designed has an area where no voids are provided, the void slab of the test specimen is rectangular and has four voids, and when the void slab of the test specimen is divided into three equal areas along one central axis, two voids are located in the areas at both ends of the void slab of the test specimen, and the area where no voids are provided of the void slab to be designed corresponds to the central area of the void slab of the test specimen.

本発明によれば、ボイドスラブの断熱性能を適切に算定する方法を提供することができる。 The present invention provides a method for appropriately calculating the thermal insulation performance of a void slab.

ボイドスラブの一般的な適用例を示す概念図である。1 is a conceptual diagram showing a typical application example of a void slab. ボイドスラブの断熱性能の評価に用いる試験装置の概念図である。1 is a conceptual diagram of a test device used to evaluate the thermal insulation performance of a void slab. ボイドスラブの試験体の一例を示す概念図である。FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of a void slab test specimen.

以下、図面を参照してボイドスラブの断熱性能算定方法とボイドスラブの設計方法の実施形態について説明する。以下の説明及び図面において、主筋の延びる方向をX方向、配力筋の延びる方向をY方向、X方向及びY方向と直交する方向(鉛直方向)をZ方向という。図1(a)は一般的なボイドスラブの平面図、図1(b)は図1(a)のA-A線に沿った断面図、図1(c)は図1(a)のB-B線に沿った断面図である。柱2と梁3に囲まれた長方形の領域にボイドスラブ1が設置されている。ボイドスラブ1は長辺(Y方向と平行)と短辺(X方向と平行)を有する長方形であり、格子状に配置された複数のボイド4を内蔵している。ボイド4はビーズ法ポリスチレンフォームなどの発泡プラスチックで形成されるが、型材としての強度とコンクリートより低い熱伝導率を有していればこれに限定されない。 The following describes an embodiment of a method for calculating the thermal insulation performance of a void slab and a method for designing a void slab, with reference to the drawings. In the following description and drawings, the extension direction of the main reinforcement is referred to as the X direction, the extension direction of the distribution reinforcement is referred to as the Y direction, and the direction perpendicular to the X and Y directions (vertical direction) is referred to as the Z direction. Figure 1(a) is a plan view of a typical void slab, Figure 1(b) is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A in Figure 1(a), and Figure 1(c) is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B in Figure 1(a). A void slab 1 is installed in a rectangular area surrounded by columns 2 and beams 3. The void slab 1 is rectangular with long sides (parallel to the Y direction) and short sides (parallel to the X direction) and contains multiple voids 4 arranged in a grid pattern. The voids 4 are formed from foam plastic such as bead-method polystyrene foam, but this is not limited to this as long as it has the strength required for a molding material and a thermal conductivity lower than that of concrete.

図1(b),1(c)に示すように、ボイド4はボイドスラブ1の厚さ方向(Z方向)におけるほぼ中央部に位置しており、ボイド4は上方、下方及び側方をコンクリートの躯体(それぞれ、上部部分5、下部部分7、側方部分6という)で取り囲まれている。上部部分5と下部部分7にはそれぞれ、主筋8と配力筋9が配置されている。主筋8はボイドスラブ1の短辺と平行(X方向)に配置され、配力筋9はボイドスラブ1の長辺と平行(Y方向)に配置されている。トラス筋10が側方部分6と下部部分7に配置されている。トラス筋10はX方向に隣接するボイド4間に配置されているが、Y方向に隣接するボイド4間には配置されていない。従って、ボイド4間の間隔はX方向がY方向より大きくされている。ボイド4とY方向に延びる梁3との間には、トラス筋10が配置できるよう所定の間隔が確保される。ボイド4とX方向に延びる梁3との間には、ボイドスラブ厚の1/3以上の間隔が確保される。ボイドスラブ1は半プレキャスト構造である。ボイドスラブ1の下部部分7(配筋を含む)とトラス筋10が工場で製作され、現場でボイド4の配置と残りの配筋を行った後、側方部分6と上部部分5のコンクリートが打設される。 As shown in Figures 1(b) and 1(c), the void 4 is located approximately in the center of the thickness (Z direction) of the void slab 1, and the void 4 is surrounded above, below, and on the sides by the concrete framework (referred to as the upper portion 5, lower portion 7, and side portion 6, respectively). Main reinforcement 8 and distribution reinforcement 9 are arranged in the upper portion 5 and lower portion 7, respectively. The main reinforcement 8 is arranged parallel to the short sides of the void slab 1 (X direction), and the distribution reinforcement 9 is arranged parallel to the long sides of the void slab 1 (Y direction). Truss reinforcement 10 is arranged in the side portions 6 and lower portion 7. Truss reinforcement 10 is arranged between voids 4 adjacent in the X direction, but not between voids 4 adjacent in the Y direction. Therefore, the spacing between voids 4 is larger in the X direction than in the Y direction. A predetermined spacing is maintained between the void 4 and the beam 3 extending in the Y direction so that truss reinforcement 10 can be placed. A gap of at least one-third of the void slab thickness is maintained between the void 4 and the beam 3 extending in the X direction. The void slab 1 is a semi-precast structure. The lower portion 7 (including reinforcement) and truss reinforcement 10 of the void slab 1 are fabricated in a factory, and after the void 4 is positioned and the remaining reinforcement is arranged on site, the side portion 6 and upper portion 5 are poured with concrete.

このように、ボイドスラブ1はボイド4の存在する領域では、コンクリート製の上部部分5と、発泡プラスチック製のボイド4と、コンクリート製の下部部分7の3層構造となっている。ボイド4の熱伝導率はコンクリートの熱伝導率よりはるかに小さいため(例えば、コンクリートの熱伝導率は1.6W/m・K、ビーズ法ポリスチレンフォームの熱伝導率は0.043W/m・K)、ボイド4の存在する領域の熱伝導率は無垢のコンクリート領域の熱伝導率よりも小さく、断熱性に優れる。しかし、従来はボイド4の有無に拘わらず、ボイドスラブ1の断熱性能(熱貫流率)はボイド4がないとみなして評価されている。例えば、一般社団法人住宅性能評価・表示協会は、ボイド4をコンクリートとみなして熱貫流率を計算することを求めている。 As such, in the area where voids 4 exist, void slab 1 has a three-layer structure consisting of an upper concrete portion 5, a void 4 made of foam plastic, and a lower concrete portion 7. Because the thermal conductivity of voids 4 is much lower than that of concrete (for example, the thermal conductivity of concrete is 1.6 W/m·K, while that of bead-method polystyrene foam is 0.043 W/m·K), the thermal conductivity of the area where voids 4 exist is lower than that of solid concrete, providing excellent insulation. However, regardless of the presence or absence of voids 4, the insulation performance (heat transfer coefficient) of void slab 1 has traditionally been evaluated as if voids 4 were not present. For example, the Housing Performance Evaluation and Labeling Association (JHA) requires that voids 4 be treated as concrete when calculating heat transfer coefficient.

このため、従来の住宅、特に集合住宅においては、ボイドスラブ1を採用する場合であっても、ボイドスラブ1に断熱材を吹き付けるなど、ボイドスラブ1とは独立した断熱層を設けることが多い。しかし、実際のボイドスラブ1の断熱性能は無垢のコンクリートスラブより優れており、本来の断熱性能を設計に取り込むことができればZEHの実現に向けて大きな貢献が期待される。また、断熱層を設ける必要がなくなる可能性または断熱層が薄くできる可能性があり、コストダウンや施工性の改善も可能となる。 For this reason, in conventional homes, especially apartment buildings, even when void slabs 1 are used, an insulation layer separate from the void slab 1 is often installed, such as by spraying insulation material onto the void slab 1. However, the actual insulation performance of void slabs 1 is superior to that of solid concrete slabs, and if this inherent insulation performance can be incorporated into the design, it is expected to make a significant contribution to the realization of ZEH. Furthermore, it may become unnecessary to install an insulation layer, or the insulation layer may be able to be made thinner, which could lead to cost reductions and improved workability.

そこで本実施形態では、ボイドスラブ1の断熱性能の評価方法と、それを用いたボイドスラブ1の設計方法を提案する。図2はボイドスラブ1の断熱性能の評価に用いる試験装置31の概念を示している。試験方法は日本産業規格A-1420:1999「建築用構成材の断熱性測定方法-校正熱箱法及び保護熱箱法」の校正熱箱法に準拠している。ボイドスラブ1の主面、すなわちボイドスラブ1の厚さ方向Zと直交する2つの面を第1の主面1A、第2の主面1B(第1の主面1Aの裏面)とする。まず、ボイドスラブ1の周縁部1C、すなわち第1の主面1Aと第2の主面1B以外の面を枠部材32で固定する。枠部材32はボイドスラブ1が固定される開口33を有し、開口33の内周部に沿ってボイドスラブ1の周縁部1Cがはめ込まれる。開口33の外側は枠部材32の額縁面とされ、額縁面は第1の面32Aと第2の面32B(第1の面32Aの裏面)からなっている。 In this embodiment, we propose a method for evaluating the thermal insulation performance of a void slab 1 and a method for designing a void slab 1 using the same. Figure 2 shows the concept of the test equipment 31 used to evaluate the thermal insulation performance of a void slab 1. The test method complies with the calibrated hot box method of Japanese Industrial Standards A-1420:1999, "Method for Measuring the Thermal Insulation Properties of Building Components - Calibrated Hot Box Method and Protected Hot Box Method." The main surfaces of the void slab 1, i.e., the two surfaces perpendicular to the thickness direction Z of the void slab 1, are designated as the first main surface 1A and the second main surface 1B (the back surface of the first main surface 1A). First, the peripheral portion 1C of the void slab 1, i.e., the surfaces other than the first main surface 1A and the second main surface 1B, are fixed with a frame member 32. The frame member 32 has an opening 33 to which the void slab 1 is fixed, and the peripheral portion 1C of the void slab 1 is fitted along the inner periphery of the opening 33. The outside of the opening 33 is the frame surface of the frame member 32, which consists of a first surface 32A and a second surface 32B (the back surface of the first surface 32A).

まず、枠部材32に加熱箱34と冷却チャンバ35を取り付ける。ボイドスラブ1の第1の主面1Aと枠部材32と加熱箱34によって第1の空間36が形成されるように、加熱箱34を枠部材32の第1の面32Aに取り付ける。同様に、ボイドスラブ1の第2の主面1Bと枠部材32と冷却チャンバ35とによって第2の空間37が形成されるように、冷却チャンバ35を枠部材32の第2の面32Bに取り付ける。加熱箱34の内部にはヒータ38と空気循環用のファン(図示せず)が設置されている。ボイドスラブ1の第1の主面1Aには第1の温度計T1が取り付けられる。同様に、第2の主面1Bにも第2の温度計T2が取り付けられる。第1及び第2の温度計T1,T2は、第1の主面1Aと第2の主面1Bの同じ位置に取り付ける。加熱箱34の内部の第1の温度計T1の近傍に、第3の温度計T3が取り付けられる。同様に、冷却チャンバ35の内部の第2の温度計T2の近傍に、第4の温度計T4が取り付けられる。第1~第4の温度計T1~T4はそれぞれ9個以上設けられ、例えば3×3個の格子状に取り付けられるが、図2にはそれぞれ一つだけを示している。加熱箱34と冷却チャンバ35の内面には、第5の温度計T5と第6の温度計T6がそれぞれ取り付けられる。第5の温度計T5と第6の温度計T6もそれぞれ、複数個設けることができる。第1及び第2の温度計T1,T2はボイドスラブ1の表面温度を計測し、第3及び第4の温度計T3,T4はボイドスラブ1の表面近傍の空気温度を計測し、第5及び第6の温度計T5,T6はそれぞれ、加熱箱34と冷却チャンバ35の内壁の表面温度を計測する。 First, the heating box 34 and cooling chamber 35 are attached to the frame member 32. The heating box 34 is attached to the first surface 32A of the frame member 32 so that a first space 36 is formed by the first main surface 1A of the void slab 1, the frame member 32, and the heating box 34. Similarly, the cooling chamber 35 is attached to the second surface 32B of the frame member 32 so that a second space 37 is formed by the second main surface 1B of the void slab 1, the frame member 32, and the cooling chamber 35. A heater 38 and an air circulation fan (not shown) are installed inside the heating box 34. A first thermometer T1 is attached to the first main surface 1A of the void slab 1. Similarly, a second thermometer T2 is attached to the second main surface 1B. The first and second thermometers T1 and T2 are attached to the same positions on the first main surface 1A and the second main surface 1B. A third thermometer T3 is attached near the first thermometer T1 inside the heating box 34. Similarly, a fourth thermometer T4 is attached near the second thermometer T2 inside the cooling chamber 35. Nine or more of each of the first to fourth thermometers T1 to T4 are provided, and are attached, for example, in a 3 x 3 grid pattern; however, only one of each is shown in FIG. 2 . A fifth thermometer T5 and a sixth thermometer T6 are attached to the inner surfaces of the heating box 34 and the cooling chamber 35, respectively. Multiple fifth thermometers T5 and multiple sixth thermometers T6 can also be provided. The first and second thermometers T1 and T2 measure the surface temperature of the void slab 1, the third and fourth thermometers T3 and T4 measure the air temperature near the surface of the void slab 1, and the fifth and sixth thermometers T5 and T6 measure the surface temperatures of the inner walls of the heating box 34 and the cooling chamber 35, respectively.

次に、ボイドスラブ1と枠部材32と加熱箱34と冷却チャンバ35を恒温恒湿室39に設置し、ヒータ38で第1の空間36を加熱する。各温度計T1~T6の測定値からボイドスラブ1(以下、試験体ともいう)の熱還流率Uを以下のように求める。
U=φI/A(Tni-Tne)
ここで、φIP34
φPは加熱箱34内の供給熱量(ヒータ38の熱量)
φ3は加熱箱34の周壁からの損失熱量
φ4は試験体の側面での損失熱量
であり、φ3及びφ4は熱抵抗及び厚さが試験体と同程度である校正板を用いてあらかじめ求めておく。Aは試験体の伝熱面積(ボイドスラブ1の平面積)、Tniは試験体の加熱側(第1の空間36側)の環境温度、Tneは試験体の冷却側(第2の空間37側)の環境温度である。環境温度は、第1~第6の温度計T1~T6の測定値を用いて、日本産業規格A-1420:1999「建築用構成材の断熱性測定方法-校正熱箱法及び保護熱箱法」の「附属書A(規定) 表面での熱移動と環境温度」に従って求める。第1~第4の温度計T1~T4の測定値については、各温度計の支配領域(通常は、隣接する温度計との中点を通る長方形領域)の面積によって加重平均したものを用いる。
Next, the void slab 1, frame member 32, heating box 34, and cooling chamber 35 are placed in a constant temperature and humidity room 39, and the first space 36 is heated by a heater 38. From the measured values of the thermometers T1 to T6, the heat reflux rate U of the void slab 1 (hereinafter also referred to as the test piece) is calculated as follows:
U=φ I /A(T ni -T ne )
Here, φ IP34
φ P is the amount of heat supplied to the heating box 34 (the amount of heat of the heater 38).
φ3 is the heat loss from the peripheral wall of the heating box 34, and φ4 is the heat loss from the side of the test specimen. φ3 and φ4 are determined in advance using a calibration plate with thermal resistance and thickness comparable to that of the test specimen. A is the heat transfer area of the test specimen (planar area of the void slab 1), Tni is the ambient temperature on the heated side (first space 36 side) of the test specimen, and Tne is the ambient temperature on the cooled side (second space 37 side) of the test specimen. The ambient temperature is determined using the measurements of the first through sixth thermometers T1 through T6 in accordance with "Appendix A (Regulations) Surface Heat Transfer and Ambient Temperature" of Japanese Industrial Standard A-1420:1999 "Method for Measuring the Thermal Insulation of Building Components - Calibrated Heat Box Method and Protected Heat Box Method." The measurements of the first through fourth thermometers T1 through T4 are weighted averages based on the area of each thermometer's control area (usually a rectangular area passing through the midpoints of adjacent thermometers).

試験体は実際のボイドスラブ1よりも断熱性能が悪くなるように(熱貫流率が高くなるように)作成することが好ましい。ボイドスラブ1の断熱性能に影響を与える主要なファクタは、ボイド面積比率(試験体の伝熱面積Aに対するボイド4の平面積の合計値の比率)とボイド厚さ(Z方向寸法)である。これらは実際の建物への適用時に様々な値をとる可能性がある。従って、試験体のボイド面積比率とボイド厚さを適用時に予測されるボイド面積比率とボイド厚さよりも小さくしておくことで、適用時に試験を行う必要がなくなる。すなわち、試験体であるボイドスラブ1のボイド面積比率とボイド厚さが設計対象であるボイドスラブ1のボイド面積比率とボイド厚さより小さい場合、試験体で求めた熱貫流率を設計対象であるボイドスラブ1の断熱性能の評価に用いることができる。 It is preferable to create a test specimen with worse thermal insulation performance (higher heat transfer coefficient) than the actual Void Slab 1. The main factors affecting the thermal insulation performance of Void Slab 1 are the void area ratio (the ratio of the total planar area of voids 4 to the heat transfer area A of the test specimen) and the void thickness (Z-direction dimension). These may take on various values when applied to an actual building. Therefore, by making the void area ratio and void thickness of the test specimen smaller than the void area ratio and void thickness predicted for application, testing will not be necessary when applied. In other words, if the void area ratio and void thickness of the test specimen, Void Slab 1, are smaller than the void area ratio and void thickness of the Void Slab 1 being designed, the heat transfer coefficient determined for the test specimen can be used to evaluate the thermal insulation performance of the Void Slab 1 being designed.

図3(a)は試験体の一例であるボイドスラブ1の平面図、図3(b)は図3(a)のA-A線に沿った断面図、図3(c)は図3(a)のB-B線に沿った断面図である。ボイドスラブ1は長方形であり、ボイドスラブ1は4つのボイド4を備えている。2つのボイド4がそれぞれ長辺方向の両端に位置している。別の言い方をすれば、ボイドスラブ1を長軸(Y軸)に沿って3つの領域A1~A3に3等分したときに、2つのボイド4がそれぞれ両端の領域A1,A3に位置している。なお、ボイドスラブ1は正方形でもよいが、この場合いずれか一つの中心軸を長軸とする。試験体のボイドスラブ1は中央領域A2のボイド4をコンクリートに置換したものとほぼ等価であるため、ボイド面積比率は図1に示す一般的なボイドスラブ1と比べて大幅に小さくなる。 Figure 3(a) is a plan view of Void Slab 1, an example of a test specimen, Figure 3(b) is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A in Figure 3(a), and Figure 3(c) is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B in Figure 3(a). Void Slab 1 is rectangular and has four voids 4. Two voids 4 are located at both ends of the long side. In other words, when Void Slab 1 is divided into three equal parts A1 to A3 along the long axis (Y axis), two voids 4 are located in the end areas A1 and A3. Note that Void Slab 1 may also be square, but in this case, the central axis of one of the voids is taken as the long axis. Because the test specimen's Void Slab 1 is roughly equivalent to replacing the voids 4 in central area A2 with concrete, the void area ratio is significantly smaller than that of the typical Void Slab 1 shown in Figure 1.

特に、長手方向中央部にボイド4を設置しないことで、実際の床スラブの構成に即した評価を行うことができる。この理由は以下の通りである。実際の床スラブにはスリーブの設置部、梁際、スラブ段差部など、ボイドを設けられない部位があり、このような部位には無垢のコンクリートスラブが設置される。図1に、一例として、スリーブを設置するためにコンクリートスラブとする領域11を示す。試験体は実際の床スラブの一部だけを模擬するので、試験体は実際の床スラブのうち最も断熱性能の低い部位の断熱性能と同等若しくはそれ以下とすることが望ましい。領域11がY方向中央に位置する仮想的な領域12を想定し、この領域12に試験体の形状を合わせることで、実際の床スラブにおけるボイドの欠損部をより正確に模擬することができ、かつ断熱性能の観点からも保守側の評価が可能となる。言い換えれば、図3における領域A2は、ボイドが設けられない部位を実際の床スラブに即して忠実に模擬しているともいえる。また、ボイド4の欠損部がY方向中央にあるので、4つのボイド4として同じものを使用することができ、試験体の製作も容易である。 In particular, not installing a void 4 in the longitudinal center allows for evaluation based on the actual floor slab configuration. The reason for this is as follows: An actual floor slab has areas where voids cannot be installed, such as the sleeve installation area, the edge of the beam, and the slab step. Solid concrete slabs are installed in these areas. Figure 1 shows an example of area 11, which is a concrete slab for installing a sleeve. Because the test specimen simulates only a portion of the actual floor slab, it is desirable for the test specimen to have thermal insulation performance equivalent to or lower than the area with the lowest thermal insulation performance in the actual floor slab. By imagining an imaginary area 12 located in the center of the Y direction for area 11 and matching the shape of the test specimen to this area 12, it is possible to more accurately simulate the void-defect areas in an actual floor slab and enable maintenance personnel to evaluate the thermal insulation performance. In other words, area A2 in Figure 3 can be said to faithfully simulate the area without voids based on the actual floor slab. Furthermore, since the missing portion of the void 4 is located in the center in the Y direction, the same void 4 can be used for all four voids 4, making it easy to fabricate the test specimen.

表1は試験体のボイドスラブ1の諸元と熱伝導率を示している。ボイドスラブ1の熱貫流率Uiはコンクリート部C1(図3(b)参照)の熱貫流率Uiaと、ボイド4とコンクリートの3層構造を有する中空部C2(図3(b)参照)の熱貫流率Uibの面積比に応じた加重平均となるので、Ui=Uia+Uib=1.6×0.6+0.98×0.4=1.35(W/m2・K)となる。ボイド4のない無垢のコンクリートスラブの熱貫流率は1.6(W/m2・K)であるから、熱貫流率は約16%低減している。ボイド面積比率が40%より大きく、且つボイド厚さが100mmより大きいボイドスラブ1の熱貫流率Uiは1.35(W/m2・K)より小さくなるが、保守側にこの値を使うことで、その都度ボイドスラブ1を用いた熱貫流率の測定を行う必要がなくなる。 Table 1 shows the specifications and thermal conductivity of test specimen Void Slab 1. The thermal conductivity Ui of Void Slab 1 is the weighted average of the thermal conductivity Uia of the concrete section C1 (see Figure 3(b)) and the thermal conductivity Uib of the hollow section C2 (see Figure 3(b)) which has a three-layer structure of void 4 and concrete, calculated as Ui = Uia + Uib = 1.6 x 0.6 + 0.98 x 0.4 = 1.35 (W/ m2・K). The thermal conductivity of a plain concrete slab without void 4 is 1.6 (W/ m2・K), so the thermal conductivity is reduced by approximately 16%. The thermal conductivity U i of a void slab 1 with a void area ratio greater than 40% and a void thickness greater than 100 mm will be less than 1.35 (W/m 2 ·K), but by using this value for maintenance purposes, there is no need to measure the thermal conductivity using a void slab 1 each time.

以上説明したように、本実施形態によればこれまで評価していなかったボイドスラブの断熱性能を設計に取り入れることが可能となる。これによって、断熱材の吹き付けなどの追加の工事が不要となる。また、ボイドの材料としてさらに断熱性能の高い材料を使用する場合も、本実施形態に従って評価をすることで、その断熱性能を設計に取り入れることが可能となる。 As explained above, this embodiment makes it possible to incorporate the thermal insulation performance of void slabs into the design, something that has not been evaluated until now. This eliminates the need for additional construction work such as spraying insulation material. Furthermore, even if a material with even higher thermal insulation performance is used as the void material, by evaluating it according to this embodiment, it becomes possible to incorporate that thermal insulation performance into the design.

1 ボイドスラブ
1A 第1の主面
1B 第2の主面
1C 周縁部
31 試験装置
32 枠部材
32A 第1の面
32B 第2の面
34 加熱箱
36 第1の空間
35 冷却チャンバ
37 第2の空間
39 恒温恒湿室
REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 void slab 1A first main surface 1B second main surface 1C peripheral edge 31 test device 32 frame member 32A first surface 32B second surface 34 heating box 36 first space 35 cooling chamber 37 second space 39 constant temperature and humidity chamber

Claims (2)

第1の主面と前記第1の主面の裏面である第2の主面とを有する、設計対象のボイドスラブを模擬した試験体のボイドスラブの断熱性能算定方法であって、
前記試験体のボイドスラブの周縁部を枠部材で固定することと、
前記試験体のボイドスラブの前記第1の主面と前記枠部材と加熱箱によって第1の空間が形成されるように、前記加熱箱を前記枠部材の第1の面に取り付けることと、
前記試験体のボイドスラブの前記第2の主面と前記枠部材と冷却チャンバとによって第2の空間が形成されるように、前記冷却チャンバを前記枠部材の前記第1の面の裏面に取り付けることと、
前記試験体のボイドスラブと前記枠部材と前記加熱箱と前記冷却チャンバとを恒温恒湿室に設置することと、
前記加熱箱の内部に設置したヒータで前記第1の空間を加熱することと、
前記試験体のボイドスラブの熱貫流率を求めることと、を有し、
前記設計対象のボイドスラブはボイドが設けられない領域を有し、前記試験体のボイドスラブは長方形であり、前記試験体のボイドスラブが備えるボイドは4つであり、前記試験体のボイドスラブを一つの中心軸に沿って3つの領域に3等分したときに、2つの前記ボイドがそれぞれ前記試験体のボイドスラブの両端の前記領域に位置し、前記設計対象のボイドスラブの前記ボイドが設けられない前記領域が前記試験体のボイドスラブの中央の前記領域に対応するボイドスラブの断熱性能算定方法。
A method for calculating the thermal insulation performance of a void slab of a test specimen simulating a void slab to be designed, the test specimen having a first main surface and a second main surface that is the back side of the first main surface,
Fixing the peripheral portion of the void slab of the test specimen with a frame member;
Attaching the heating box to a first surface of the frame member so that a first space is formed by the first main surface of the void slab of the test specimen , the frame member, and the heating box;
Attaching the cooling chamber to a rear surface of the first surface of the frame member so that a second space is formed by the second main surface of the void slab of the test specimen , the frame member, and the cooling chamber;
placing the void slab of the test specimen , the frame member, the heating box, and the cooling chamber in a constant temperature and humidity room;
heating the first space with a heater installed inside the heating box;
and determining the thermal transmittance of the void slab of the test specimen ;
A method for calculating the insulation performance of a void slab, wherein the void slab to be designed has an area where no voids are provided, the void slab of the test specimen is rectangular, the void slab of the test specimen has four voids, when the void slab of the test specimen is divided into three equal regions along one central axis, two of the voids are located in the areas at both ends of the void slab of the test specimen, and the area where no voids are provided of the void slab to be designed corresponds to the area in the center of the void slab of the test specimen .
請求項1に記載の断熱性能算定方法によって、前記試験体のボイドスラブの熱貫流率を測定することと、
前記設計対象のボイドスラブの断熱性能を、測定された熱貫流率によって評価することと、
を有し、
前記設計対象のボイドスラブは、前記試験体のボイドスラブよりボイド面積比率とボイド厚さが大きい、ボイドスラブの設計方法。
Measuring the thermal transmittance of the void slab of the test specimen by the thermal insulation performance calculation method according to claim 1 ;
Evaluating the thermal insulation performance of the void slab to be designed based on the measured heat transmittance;
and
A void slab design method , wherein the void slab to be designed has a larger void area ratio and void thickness than the void slab of the test specimen .
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JP2003184214A (en) 2001-12-21 2003-07-03 Nippon Kaiser Kk Slab having reinforced-concrete construction

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JP2003184214A (en) 2001-12-21 2003-07-03 Nippon Kaiser Kk Slab having reinforced-concrete construction

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Title
日本産業標準調査会,日本産業規格,A1420:1999 建築用構成材の断熱性測定方法-校正熱箱法及び保護熱箱法,日本,日本規格協会,1999年04月

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