JP7767938B2 - Information processing device, information processing method, and information processing program - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an information processing device, an information processing method, and an information processing program.

In preparation for disasters such as earthquakes and typhoons, there has been an increasing number of cases in recent years of building power supply systems (microgrids) that can supply power from distributed power supply facilities to consumer loads within a certain area during power outages.

When building a microgrid, it is necessary to determine the capacity of distributed power supply equipment, and methods for doing so are known (for example, Patent Document 1).

JP 2009-177941 A

The method described in Patent Document 1 is based on the premise that power will be supplied to all loads during a power outage. Therefore, when the cost of installing and maintaining a power supply facility with a determined capacity is weighed against the expected impact of an actual disaster, there is a risk that the installation and maintenance costs may be excessive.

The present invention was made in consideration of these issues, and aims to provide an information processing device that can determine the capacity of power supply equipment by taking into account the costs of installing and maintaining power supply equipment and the expected impact of an actual disaster.

One invention to achieve the above object is an information processing device that determines the capacity of target equipment to supply power to multiple loads connected to a microgrid when the microgrid is disconnected from the power system. The information processing device includes: a first acquisition unit that acquires information for calculating a first cost required for installing and maintaining the target equipment; a second acquisition unit that acquires actual values of power consumption for each of the multiple loads over a predetermined past period; a third acquisition unit that acquires a coefficient that is preset for each of the multiple loads and indicates the importance of power supply to each of the multiple loads; and a calculation unit that calculates the capacity of the target equipment and the interrupting power of each of the multiple loads when minimizing a total cost, which is the sum of the first cost obtained based on the information for calculating the first cost, the interrupting power of each of the multiple loads, and a second cost determined by the coefficient. Other features of the present invention will become clearer in the description of this specification.

This invention makes it possible to provide an information processing device that can determine the capacity of power supply equipment by taking into account the costs of installing and maintaining the power supply equipment and the expected impact of an actual disaster.

FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a microgrid. FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a hardware configuration of an information processing device. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing information stored in a storage device. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a facility information DB. FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a load performance report DB. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the transition of power consumption of each of a plurality of loads. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the transition of power consumption of each of a plurality of loads. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a weather performance report DB. FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of an importance DB. FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram for explaining the relationship between various costs. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating functional blocks of the information processing device. 10 is a flowchart illustrating the flow of processing up to outputting the capacity of the target facility. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of the calculation results of the capacity of the target facility for each actual value of the weather information. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of the calculation results of the capacity of the target facility for each actual value of the weather information. FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a calculation result of a predicted value of power that can be supplied by a target facility. FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of the determined capacity of the target facility.

First Embodiment
<<Microgrid>>
A microgrid is a power supply system that can supply power from distributed power supply facilities to consumer loads within a certain area in the event of a power outage, in preparation for disasters such as earthquakes and typhoons.

Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating a microgrid 1 that is planned to be constructed using an information processing device 2, which will be described later. In this embodiment, the explanation will be given assuming that the microgrid 1 is planned to be constructed in area A.

The microgrid 1 is composed of a distribution line 10, a distributed power supply facility (target facility 11) connected to the distribution line 10, and loads 1 to 3. Figure 1 shows a generator 11a, a solar cell 11b, and a storage battery 11c as distributed power supply facilities. The microgrid 1 is connected to the power grid 3 via a circuit breaker 30 installed on the distribution line 10.

Figure 1 also shows loads 1 to 3 connected to the power distribution line 10 as consumer loads. Consumers include facilities that consume power supplied from the power distribution line 10. Examples of consumers include facilities such as hospitals, factories, and schools.

Under normal conditions, the circuit breaker 30 remains connected, and electricity generated by a power plant (not shown) is supplied to loads 1-3 connected to the microgrid 1 via the power grid 3.

On the other hand, if a disaster such as an earthquake or typhoon occurs and the power supply from the power plant to the microgrid 1 via the power grid 3 is stopped (a power outage occurs), the circuit breaker 30 enters a disconnected state. In other words, at this time, the microgrid 1 is disconnected from the power grid 3.

When the microgrid 1 is disconnected from the power grid 3, the power supply equipment (generator 11a, solar cell 11b, and storage battery 11c) supplies power to loads 1 to 3.

<<Information processing device>>
The information processing device 2 is a device for determining the capacity of a distributed power supply facility that supplies power to a plurality of loads connected to the microgrid 1 when the microgrid 1 is disconnected from the power system 3.

The power supply facility for which the information processing device 2 determines capacity is hereinafter referred to as the "target facility 11." In this embodiment, the target facility 11 includes a generator 11a, a solar cell 11b, and a storage battery 11c (Figure 1). The hardware configuration and functional blocks of the information processing device 2 are described below.

<Hardware configuration of information processing device 2>
2 is a diagram showing the hardware configuration of an information processing device 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The information processing device 2 is a computer having a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 200, a memory 201, a communication device 202, a storage device 203, an input device 204, an output device 205, and a recording medium reader 206.

[CPU 200]
The CPU 200 executes a capacity determination program 203 a (corresponding to an “information processing program”) stored in the memory 201 or the storage device 203 to realize various functions of the information processing device 2 .

[Memory 201]
The memory 201 is, for example, a RAM (Random-Access Memory) and is used as a temporary storage area for various programs, data, and the like.

[Communication device 202]
The communication device 202 exchanges various programs and data with other computers via the network 5 .

[Storage device 203]
The storage device 203 is a non-transitory (e.g., non-volatile) storage device that stores various data to be executed or processed by the CPU 200 .

As shown in FIG. 3, the storage device 203 stores a capacity determination program 203a, an equipment information DB 203b, a load history DB 203c, a weather history DB 203d, and an importance DB 203e.

Various databases, such as the capacity determination program 203a and equipment information DB 203b, stored in the storage device 203 are read into the memory 201 and executed or processed by the CPU 200, thereby realizing various functions of the information processing device 2.

The capacity determination program 203a is a general term for programs that realize the functions of the information processing device 2 of this embodiment, and includes, for example, application programs, an OS (Operating System), various libraries, etc. that run on the information processing device 2.

The equipment information DB 203b stores information about the target equipment 11. The information about the target equipment 11 includes information for calculating the costs required to install and maintain the target equipment 11 (corresponding to the first cost), information about the specifications of the target equipment 11, and the like. Figure 4 shows an example of the equipment information DB 203b.

Figure 4 shows "equipment installation cost" as information for calculating the cost required to install the target equipment 11. "Equipment installation cost" is, for example, the cost (yen) required to install the target equipment 11 having a unit capacity (1 kW). In this embodiment, the equipment installation cost for the generator 11a is 10,000 yen/kW, so it costs 10,000 yen to install a generator 11a with a capacity of 1 kW.

Figure 4 also shows "fuel cost" (generator 11a only) and "amortization period" as information for calculating the cost of maintaining the target equipment 11. "Fuel cost" is, for example, the cost (yen) of fuel required for generator 11a to generate a unit amount of electricity (1 kWh). "Amortization period" is, for example, the usable period (years) of the target equipment 11, and is information used when recording depreciation expenses for the target equipment 11.

In this embodiment, the fuel cost of the generator 11a is 10 yen/kWh, so 10 yen worth of fuel is required for the generator 11a to generate 1 kWh of electricity. Also, in this embodiment, the amortization period of the generator 11a is 20 years, so the generator 11a can be used for 20 years after installation.

Figure 4 also shows information regarding the specifications of the target equipment 11, such as the "output change rate" (generator 11a and storage battery 11c only) and "minimum output" (generator 11a only).

The "output change rate" is, for example, the allowable range of the rate of change over time in the amount of power generated relative to the rated output of the target equipment 11. In this embodiment, the output change rate of the generator 11a is 5%/minute, so the change in the amount of power generated per minute is allowed within a 5% range of the rated output. The "minimum output" is the lower limit of the amount of power generated that is preset for the target equipment 11. In this embodiment, the minimum output of the generator 11a is 20%; therefore, the output of the generator 11a must be controlled so as not to fall below 20% of the rated output.

Load performance DB 203c records the power (kW) consumed by each of loads 1 to 3 over a specified period, as well as the total amount, in chronological order. Figure 5 shows an example of load performance DB 203c.

In this example, power consumption (kW) is recorded every 30 minutes starting at 0:00 on May 20, 2020. For example, at 0:00 on May 20, 2020, the power consumed by load 1, load 2, and load 3 was 10 kW, 23 kW, and 20 kW, respectively. The total power consumed by loads 1 to 3 at this time was 53 kW.

In this example, power consumption (kW) is recorded every 30 minutes, but instead, for example, power consumption (kWh) for 30 minutes may be recorded every 30 minutes.

Figures 6 and 7 are diagrams showing the trends in power consumption for each of loads 1 to 3, created using the load history DB 203c. In Figures 6 and 7, the trends in power consumption for each of loads 1 to 3 are shown as stacked graphs.

The graphs in Figures 6 and 7 are graphs from 0:00 on August 1, 2020 and September 1, 2020, respectively, to 0:00 the following day. L(1, t), L(2, t), and L(3, t) shown in Figures 6 and 7 represent the trends in power consumption for Load 1, Load 2, and Load 3, respectively.

As shown in Figure 6, on August 1, 2020, the power consumption of load 1, load 2, and load 3 remained at approximately 25 kW, 15 kW, and 10 kW, respectively. The total power consumption of loads 1 to 3 remained at approximately 50 kW.

On the other hand, as shown in Figure 7 on September 1, 2020, the power consumption of load 1, load 2, and load 3 remained at approximately 25 kW, 10 kW, and 5 kW, respectively. The total power consumption of loads 1 to 3 remained at approximately 40 kW.

In other words, as can be seen from Figures 6 and 7, the total power consumption of loads 1 to 3 can fluctuate significantly from day to day. Alternatively, there are loads, such as load 1, whose power consumption remains stable even from day to day.

The weather record DB 203d records weather information for region A over a specified period in chronological order. Figure 8 shows an example of the weather record DB 203d.

In this example, weather information is recorded every 30 minutes starting at 0:00 on May 20, 2020. In this embodiment, the weather information includes temperature, humidity, solar radiation, cloud cover, and wind speed. As will be described in more detail below, the weather information is used to calculate the power generated by solar cell 11b.

Importance DB 203e stores coefficients (hereinafter referred to as "coefficients indicating importance" or simply "importance") that are set in advance for each of loads 1 to 3 and indicate the importance of power supply to each of loads 1 to 3. Figure 9 is a diagram showing an example of importance DB 203e. In this example, the coefficient indicating importance is shown as "importance."

The "coefficient indicating importance," which will be explained in detail later, is a value converted into cost (yen) of the expected impact when the power supply to each of loads 1 to 3 decreases by a unit of power (1 kWh) compared to normal times, and is expressed in units of "yen/kWh."

In this specification, "impact" refers to the social impact on the load caused by, for example, a shortage of electricity supply compared to normal times.

The coefficient indicating the importance is a coefficient that is set in advance by the user of the information processing device 2 (hereinafter simply referred to as the "user").

In the example of Figure 9, the importance of load 1 is set to the highest among loads 1 to 3. For example, if it is expected that load 1 will be more affected than loads 2 or 3 if the power to load 1 is stopped or drops below normal, the user should set it as in this example.

[Input device 204]
The input device 204 is a device that accepts commands and data input by a user, and includes an input interface such as a keyboard and a touch sensor that detects a touch position on a touch panel display.

[Output device 205]
The output device 205 is, for example, a display or a printer.

[Recording medium reader 206]
The recording medium reader 206 reads various data such as the capacity determination program 203 a recorded on the recording medium 6 such as an SD card, DVD, or CD-ROM, and stores the data in the storage device 203 .

<About various costs>
The information processing device 2 handles an installation cost Ci, a maintenance cost Co, and a shutdown cost Cs in the process of determining the capacity of the target equipment 11, which will be described later. Furthermore, the information processing device 2 handles a total cost Ct, which is the sum of these costs. Each of these will be defined below.
[Total cost]
The total cost Ct is the sum of an introduction cost Ci, a maintenance cost Co, and a shutoff cost Cs, which will be described in detail later, and is defined by the following equation 1.

[Installation cost]
The introduction cost Ci is the cost required to introduce the target equipment 11. The introduction cost Ci is defined by the following Equation 2.

Here, the subscript "i" on the right side is a subscript used to identify the type of target equipment 11 (power generator 11a, solar cell 11b, or storage battery 11c). Cp is the "equipment installation cost" shown in the equipment information DB 203b in Figure 4. Ya is the "amortization period" shown in the equipment information DB 203b.

Da is the evaluation period, measured in days. The "evaluation period" is the period during which the total cost Ct is incurred, and is the period during which a power outage is assumed to occur.

Therefore, according to Equation 2, the introduction cost Ci is the cost required to introduce the target equipment 11 converted into the cost for the evaluation period, which is a portion of the depreciation period.

[Maintenance costs]
The maintenance cost Co is the cost required to maintain the target equipment 11. The maintenance cost Co is defined by the following Equation 3.

Here, the subscript "i" on the right-hand side is a subscript used to identify the type of target equipment 11, as in Equation 2. The subscript "t" on the right-hand side represents each time within the evaluation period Da, extracted at a predetermined time interval Δt.

F on the right-hand side is the fuel cost of the target equipment 11, expressed in units such as "yen/liter." E is the power generation efficiency of the target equipment 11, expressed in units such as "liters/kWh." G(i, t) is the amount of power generated by the target equipment 11 at time t, expressed in units such as "kW." M is the cost required for maintaining the target equipment 11, expressed in units such as "yen/year."

Like the introduction cost Ci, the maintenance cost Co is converted into the cost for the evaluation period Da, which is a portion of the amortization period Ya.

[Interruption cost]
The interruption cost Cs is a value obtained by converting the expected impact when the power supply to each of the loads 1 to 3 decreases compared to normal times into a cost (yen). The interruption cost Cs is a cost determined by the interrupted power of each of the multiple loads (details will be described later) and a coefficient indicating the importance (see FIG. 9, etc.). The interruption cost is defined, for example, by the following Equation 4.

Here, the subscript "k" on the right-hand side is a subscript used to identify the type of load. The subscript "t" on the right-hand side, like in Equation 3, represents each time within the evaluation period Da.

S(k) on the right-hand side is the "importance" of load k shown in the importance DB 203e in Figure 9. Lcut(k, t) is the cutoff power of load k at time t, expressed in kW.

The cutoff power Lcut will be explained in detail. The cutoff power Lcut(k, t) of each of the multiple loads k is determined by the power obtained by distributing the predicted value of the power that the target equipment 11 can supply to each of the multiple loads based on predetermined rules, and the actual value of the power consumed by each of the multiple loads k.

The "predicted value of available power supply" here is calculated based on the predicted values of the power that can be generated by the generator 11a, the power that can be discharged or charged by the storage battery 11c, and the power that can be generated by the solar cell 11b.

The predicted value of the available power supply is calculated based on the respective capacities of the target equipment 11 (generator 11a, solar cell 11b, and storage battery 11c). The predicted value of the power generated by solar cell 11b is further calculated based on the weather information recorded in the weather record DB 203d.

Furthermore, the "predetermined rule" is a rule determined in advance by the user, and is not particularly limited. As an example, the predetermined rule may be a rule that, given the capacity of each of the target facilities 11, distributes the predicted value of the available power to each of multiple loads k so as to minimize the interruption cost Cs.

As another example, the specified rule may be a rule that distributes the predicted value of available power in descending order of importance to load k, with the actual value of power consumed by load k as the upper limit. As another example, the specified rule may be a rule that distributes the predicted value of available power in proportion to the importance of each of the multiple loads k.

In addition, the "actual value of the power consumed by each of the multiple loads" here refers to the actual value of the power consumed by each of loads 1 to 3 over a specified period in the past, and is recorded in the load actual value DB 203c. The actual value L(k, t) used to calculate the cutoff power Lcut is the actual value for the past period extracted from the load actual value DB 203c (see, for example, Figures 6 or 7).

In this embodiment, as shown in Equation 4, the interruption cost Cs is defined as the sum of the interruption power Lcut(k,t) of each of multiple loads k, with a coefficient S(k) indicating importance applied as a weighting coefficient.

We have defined the various costs above, but now we will explain the relationships between the various costs. Figure 10 is a conceptual diagram that explains the relationships between the various costs.

In Figure 10, the horizontal axis represents the total capacity of the target equipment 11, and the vertical axis represents various costs. Generally, the larger the capacity of the target equipment 11, the higher the installation cost Ci and maintenance cost Co, and the larger their total will be. Furthermore, the larger the capacity of the target equipment 11, the lower the interruption power can be kept, and therefore the smaller the interruption cost Cs. Therefore, when the capacity of the target equipment 11 is used as a variable, the total cost Ct, which is the sum of these, is expected to have a minimum value as shown in Figure 10.

When constructing the microgrid 1, by taking into account the total cost Ct, it becomes possible to determine the capacity of the power supply equipment, taking into account the costs of installing and maintaining the power supply equipment and the expected impact if an actual disaster occurs.

In this case, it is preferable to select the capacity of the target equipment 11 that minimizes the total cost Ct. The information processing device 2 is a device for determining such a capacity of the target equipment 11.

<Functional blocks of information processing device 2>
The configuration of the information processing device 2 will be described with reference to Fig. 11. Fig. 11 is a diagram showing functional blocks of the information processing device 2.

The information processing device 2 includes an acquisition unit 210 (corresponding to a first acquisition unit), an acquisition unit 211 (corresponding to a second acquisition unit), an acquisition unit 212 (corresponding to a fourth acquisition unit), an acquisition unit 213 (corresponding to a third acquisition unit), a calculation unit 214, a determination unit 215, and an output unit 216.

Each of these functions is realized by the hardware of the information processing device 2 executing the capacity determination program 203a according to this embodiment.

[Acquisition unit 210]
The acquisition unit 210 acquires information for calculating the cost required to introduce and maintain the target equipment 11 (corresponding to the sum of the introduction cost Ci and the maintenance cost Co) from the equipment information DB 203b (Figure 4).

In this embodiment, the target equipment 11 includes a generator 11a, a solar cell 11b, and a storage battery 11c. Therefore, the acquisition unit 210 extracts and acquires the item values for each piece of equipment from the equipment information DB 203b in Figure 4.

[Acquisition unit 211]
The acquiring unit 211 acquires, from the load record DB 203c (FIG. 5), a record of the power consumption of each of a plurality of loads for a predetermined period in the past. The acquiring unit 211 acquires a plurality of record values of power consumption for different predetermined periods in the past.

[Acquisition unit 212]
The acquisition unit 212 acquires weather information for a predetermined period of time in the past from the weather record DB 203 d ( FIG. 8 ). The “predetermined period of time in the past” here refers to a period of time corresponding to the actual power consumption values acquired by the acquisition unit 211.

[Acquisition unit 213]
The acquiring unit 213 acquires a coefficient indicating the importance for each of the loads 1 to 3 from the importance DB 203e (FIG. 9).

[Calculation unit 214]
The calculation unit 214 calculates the capacity of the target equipment 11 and the interrupting power of each of the loads 1 to 3 when minimizing the total cost Ct, which is the sum of the installation cost Ci, the maintenance cost Co, and the interrupting cost Cs.

At this time, the calculation unit 214 calculates the capacity of the target equipment 11 by using the capacity of the target equipment 11 as a decision variable and minimizing the total cost Ct as an objective function.

When minimizing the total cost Ct, which is the objective function, the calculation unit 214 imposes the following five constraints (constraints 1 to 5). Each of these is explained below.

・Constraint condition 1
The calculation unit 214 calculates the capacity of the target equipment 11 under the condition that, at each time t within the evaluation period Da, the amount obtained by subtracting the predicted value of the power to be charged to the storage battery 11c from the predicted value of the power that can be supplied is equal to the amount obtained by subtracting the interrupted power of each of the multiple loads from the actual power consumption of the multiple loads.

Specifically, the calculation unit 214 calculates the capacity of the target equipment 11 under the conditions shown in the following equation 5.

Here, the subscript "i" on the left side is a subscript used to distinguish between the types of target equipment 11 (generators 11a, solar cells 11b, and storage batteries 11c) when there are multiple types of each. In this embodiment, there is one generator 11a, solar cell 11b, and storage battery 11c, so a = b = c = 1.

The subscript "i" on the right side is used to identify the load. In this embodiment, there are three loads, so n = 3.

G(i,t) on the left side is the power generated by the generator 11a corresponding to the subscript "i" at time t. R(i,t) is the power generated by the solar cell 11b corresponding to the subscript "i" at time t. Bd(i,t) is the power discharged by the storage battery 11c corresponding to the subscript "i" at time t. Bc(i,t) is the power charged by the storage battery 11c corresponding to the subscript "i" at time t.

L(i, t) on the right-hand side is the actual value of the power consumed by load i at time t. Lcut(i, t) is the cut-off power of load i at time t.

・Constraint condition 2
The calculation unit 214 calculates the capacity of the target facility 11 at each time t under the condition that the output change rate of the generator 11a is within a specified value range.

Specifically, the calculation unit 214 calculates the capacity of the target equipment 11 by further imposing the condition shown in the following formula 6.

Here, the subscript "i" is used to distinguish between multiple generators 11a, but in this embodiment there is only one generator 11a. ΔGmin and ΔGmax are the lower and upper limits, respectively, of the output change rate of the generator 11a.

・Constraint condition 3
The calculation unit 214 calculates the capacity of the target facility 11 at each time t under the condition that the output of the generator 11a is equal to or greater than a specified value.

Specifically, the calculation unit 214 calculates the capacity of the target equipment 11 by further imposing the condition shown in the following equation 7.

Here, the subscript "i" is the same as in Equation 6. Gmin is the lower limit of the output of the generator 11a.

・Restriction condition 4
The calculation unit 214 calculates the capacity of the target equipment 11 at each time t within the evaluation period Da under the condition that the remaining amount of fuel in each fuel tank of the target equipment 11 is within a specified value range.

Specifically, the calculation unit 214 calculates the capacity of the target facility 11 by further imposing the condition shown in the following equation 8.

Here, the subscript "i" is a subscript for identifying the type of the target equipment 11, as in Equation 2 etc. Fmin and Fmax are the lower and upper limits of the remaining amount of fuel in the fuel tank, respectively. F is the remaining amount of fuel in the fuel tank.
・Restriction condition 5
The calculation unit 214 calculates the capacity of the target equipment 11 at each time t within the evaluation period Da under the condition that the state of charge (State Of Charge) of the storage battery 11c is within a range of specified values.

Specifically, the calculation unit 214 calculates the capacity of the target facility 11 by further imposing the condition shown in the following equation 9.

Here, SOC is the state of charge of the storage battery 11c, expressed in percentages. An SOC of 100% indicates a fully charged state, and 0% indicates a fully discharged state. SOCmin and SOCmax are the lower limit values of the SOC.

In this embodiment, the calculation unit 214 calculates multiple capacities of the target equipment 11 that minimize the total cost Ct for each of multiple actual power consumption values.

[Decision unit 215]
The determination unit 215 determines the capacity of the target equipment 11 based on the calculation result by the calculation unit 214. In this embodiment, the determination unit 215 determines the capacity of the target equipment 11 based on the multiple capacities of the target equipment 11 calculated by the calculation unit 214. Specifically, the determination unit 215 determines the maximum capacity value of the multiple capacities of the target equipment 11 as the capacity of the target equipment 11.

Here, the maximum capacity value among the multiple capacities of the target equipment 11 is used as an example of the capacity determined by the determination unit 215, but this is not limited to this. For example, the capacity determined by the determination unit 215 may be a value obtained by adding a predetermined value as a margin to the maximum capacity value. Furthermore, other examples of the capacity determined by the determination unit 215 include the second highest capacity among the multiple capacities of the target equipment 11, or the average of the second highest capacities, as long as it is greater than the average capacity of the multiple capacities of the target equipment 11.

If the determination unit 215 sets the capacity of the target equipment 11 to a value that is at least greater than the average value of the capacities of multiple target equipment 11, it can more reliably supply power to loads of high importance while suppressing the total of the installation cost Ci and maintenance cost Co.

In this embodiment, the determination unit 215 determines the maximum capacity of the multiple capacities of the target equipment 11 as the capacity of the target equipment 11.

[Output unit 216]
The output unit 216 outputs the capacity of the target equipment 11 determined by the determination unit 215 .

The above describes the configuration of the information processing device 2. With this configuration, it is possible to determine the capacity of the power supply equipment by taking into account the costs of installing and maintaining the power supply equipment and the expected impact if an actual disaster occurs.

<Processing until the capacity of the target equipment is output>
The process up to outputting the capacity of the target equipment 11 will be described with reference to Fig. 12. Fig. 12 is a flowchart illustrating the flow of the process up to outputting the capacity of the target equipment 11 by the information processing device 2. The process up to outputting the capacity of the target equipment 11 includes steps S101 to S107.

First, in step S101, the acquisition unit 210 acquires information from the equipment information DB 203b (Figure 4) for calculating the cost required to install and maintain the target equipment 11 (equivalent to the sum of the installation cost Ci and the maintenance cost Co).

In this embodiment, the target equipment 11 includes a generator 11a, a solar cell 11b, and a storage battery 11c, so the item values for each piece of equipment are extracted and obtained from the equipment information DB 203b in Figure 4.

Next, in step S102, the acquisition unit 211 acquires the actual power consumption values of each of the multiple loads for a predetermined past period from the load actual data DB 203c (Figure 5). Here, the acquisition unit 211 acquires multiple actual power consumption values for different predetermined past periods.

In this example, the acquisition unit 211 extracts and acquires from the load record DB 203c the actual power consumption values for each of the 10 calendar days (August 1, September 1, October 1, November 1, December 1, 2020, January 1, February 1, March 1, April 1, and May 1, 2021, respectively) within the past year as different past predetermined periods.

Figures 6 and 7 are graphs showing the actual power consumption values for each calendar day on August 1, 2020 (Pattern 1) and September 1, 2020 (Pattern 2). For example, on August 1, 2020, as shown in Figure 6, the power consumption of loads 1, 2, and 3 fluctuated around 25 kW, 15 kW, and 10 kW, respectively. The total power consumption of loads 1 to 3 fluctuated around 50 kW.

Next, in step S103, the acquisition unit 212 acquires weather information for a predetermined period of time in the past from the weather record DB 203d (Figure 8) (step S103). Here, the "predetermined period of time in the past" refers to the period corresponding to the actual power consumption values acquired by the acquisition unit 211 described above.

In other words, in this example, the acquisition unit 212 extracts and acquires weather information for each of the 10 days within the past year: August 1, September 1, October 1, November 1, December 1, 2020, and January 1, February 1, March 1, April 1, and May 1, 2021 (corresponding to patterns 1 to 10 described above, respectively) from the weather history DB 203d.

Next, in step S104, the acquisition unit 213 acquires a coefficient indicating the importance for each of loads 1 to 3 from the importance DB 203e (Figure 9). The acquisition unit 213 acquires 25 yen/kWh, 10 yen/kWh, and 0 yen/kWh as the importance of load 1, load 2, and load 3, respectively.

Next, in step S105, the calculation unit 214 calculates the capacity of the target equipment 11 when minimizing the total cost Ct, which is the sum of the installation cost Ci, maintenance cost Co, and shutdown cost Cs.

At this time, the calculation unit 214 calculates the capacity of the target equipment 11 by using the capacity of the target equipment 11 as a decision variable and minimizing the total cost Ct as an objective function.

At this time, the calculation unit 214 imposes the five constraints (constraints 1 to 5) described above and minimizes the total cost Ct, which is the objective function.

In this embodiment, in step S105, the calculation unit 214 calculates multiple capacities of the target equipment 11 that minimize the total cost Ct for each of the multiple actual power consumption values. The multiple actual power consumption values are the actual power consumption values for each of the 10 calendar days acquired by the acquisition unit 211 in step S102.

Examples of calculation results by the calculation unit 214 will be described below. Figures 13 and 14 are diagrams showing examples of calculation results for the capacity of the target equipment 11 performed for each actual value of weather information. Figure 15 is a diagram showing an example of calculation results for the capacity of the target equipment 11.

Figures 13 and 14 show calculation results based on actual power consumption values for August 1, 2020 (pattern 1, corresponding to Figure 6) and September 1, 2020 (pattern 2, corresponding to Figure 7), respectively. In Figures 13 and 14, the actual values shown in Figures 6 and 7 are indicated by dashed lines. Note that results for the other 8 days out of the 10 days are not shown.

Figures 13 and 14 show, at each time t, the power G(t) generated by the generator 11a, the power Bd(t) discharged by the storage battery 11c, the power Bc(t) charged by the storage battery 11c, and the power R(t) generated by the solar cell 11b.

Furthermore, Figures 13 and 14 show the interruption power Lcut(k,t) for load k (k = 1, 2) at each time t. Note that the interruption power Lcut(1,t) for load 1 is not shown, because it was calculated to be 0.

For example, looking at Figures 6 and 13, it can be seen that the actual power consumption value L(1, t) of load 1 shown in Figure 6 can be covered over one calendar day by the power G(t) generated by generator 11a shown in Figure 13. This is because the coefficient indicating the importance of load 1 is set to the highest among loads 1 to 3. As a result, the capacity of the target equipment 11 is calculated so that the power demand of load 1 is met with priority.

It can also be seen that the actual power consumption value L(2,t) of load 2 shown in Figure 6 can be entirely covered by the power R(t) generated by solar cell 11b shown in Figure 13 during the time period from approximately 10:00 to 15:00. It can also be seen that during other time periods, only a portion of the power can be covered by the power R(t) generated by solar cell 11b shown in Figure 13.

It can also be seen that the actual power consumption value L(3, t) of load 3 shown in Figure 6 can be fully covered by the power R(t) generated by solar cell 11b shown in Figure 13 during the time period from approximately 10:00 to 15:00. It can also be seen that the supply of power to load 3 is completely stopped during other time periods. This is because the coefficient indicating the importance of load 3 is set to the smallest among loads 1 to 3. As a result, the capacity of the target equipment 11 is calculated so as to give the lowest priority to meeting the power demand of load 3.

As shown in Figure 15, the calculated capacities of the generator 11a, solar cell 11b, and storage battery 11c for Pattern 1 (August 1, 2020) are 30 kW, 75 kW, and 25 kW, respectively. The calculated capacities of the generator 11a, solar cell 11b, and storage battery 11c for Pattern 2 (September 1, 2020) are 45 kW, 52 kW, and 34 kW, respectively.

As will be described in detail later, the determination unit 215 uniquely determines the capacity of the target equipment 11 based on the calculation results shown in Figure 15.

Next, in step S106, the determination unit 215 determines the capacity of the target equipment 11 based on the calculation results by the calculation unit 214.

In this embodiment, the determination unit 215 determines the capacity of the target equipment 11 based on the multiple capacities of the target equipment 11 shown in Figure 15. Figure 16 is a diagram showing an example of the capacity of the target equipment 11 determined by the determination unit 215.

The determination unit 215 determines the maximum capacity of the multiple capacities of the target equipment 11 as the capacity of the target equipment 11. Specifically, in the calculation results shown in Figure 15, for the capacity of the generator 11a, among patterns 1 to 10, the result for pattern 5 is 50 kW, which is the maximum. Similarly, for the capacity of the solar cell 11b, the result for pattern 6 is 82 kW, which is the maximum. Similarly, for the capacity of the storage battery 11c, the result for pattern 3 is 62 kW, which is the maximum.

Based on the above results, the determination unit 215 determines the capacities of the generator 11a, solar cell 11b, and storage battery 11c to be 50 kW, 82 kW, and 62 kW, respectively (Figure 16).

Next, in step S107, the output unit 216 outputs the capacity of the target equipment 11 determined by the determination unit 215.

The processing procedure of the information processing device 2 has been described above. This processing procedure makes it possible to determine the capacity of power supply equipment by taking into account the costs of installing and maintaining the power supply equipment and the expected impact if an actual disaster occurs.

==Summary==
As described above, the information processing device 2 of the embodiment is an information processing device 2 that determines the capacity of the target equipment 11 to supply power to multiple loads connected to the microgrid 1 when the microgrid 1 is disconnected from the power system 3, and includes: an acquisition unit 210 that acquires information for calculating a first cost required for introducing and maintaining the target equipment 11; an acquisition unit 211 that acquires actual values of power consumption of each of the multiple loads over a predetermined past period; an acquisition unit 213 that acquires a coefficient that is set in advance for each of the multiple loads and indicates the importance of power supply to each of the multiple loads; and a calculation unit 214 that calculates the capacity of the target equipment 11 and the interrupting power of each of the multiple loads when minimizing a total cost, which is the sum of the first cost obtained based on the information for calculating the first cost and a second cost determined by the interrupting power of each of the multiple loads and the coefficient.

With this configuration, the capacity of the power supply equipment can be determined taking into account the costs of installing and maintaining the equipment and the expected impact of an actual disaster.

Furthermore, in the information processing device 2 of the embodiment, the calculation unit 214 defines the second cost as the sum of the values obtained by applying a coefficient indicating the importance as a weighting coefficient to the interrupted power of each of the multiple loads, and calculates the capacity of the target equipment 11 by using the capacity of the target equipment 11 as a decision variable and minimizing the total cost as an objective function. With this configuration, the accuracy of the second cost is improved, making it possible to accurately evaluate the expected impact if a disaster actually occurs.

The information processing device 2 of the embodiment further includes a determination unit 215 that determines the capacity of the target equipment 11 based on the calculation results by the calculation unit 214. The acquisition unit 211 acquires multiple actual power consumption values for different past predetermined periods, the calculation unit 214 calculates multiple capacities of the target equipment 11 that minimize the overall cost for each of the multiple actual values, and the determination unit 215 determines the capacity of the target equipment 11 to be a capacity value that is greater than the average value of the multiple capacities of the target equipment 11. With this configuration, the capacity of the target equipment 11 can be determined taking into account fluctuations in season, weather, etc.

Furthermore, in the information processing device 2 of the embodiment, the determination unit 215 determines the maximum capacity of multiple capacities of the target equipment 11 as the capacity of the target equipment 11. With this configuration, it is possible to determine the capacity of the target equipment 11 that can supply the minimum required amount of power, even if the season, weather, etc. fluctuate.

Furthermore, in the information processing device 2 of the embodiment, the target equipment 11 includes a generator 11a, a storage battery 11c, and a solar cell 11b, and further includes an acquisition unit 212 that acquires weather information for a predetermined period of time in the past, and a calculation unit 214 that calculates a predicted value of the power generated by the solar cell 11b based on the weather information, and calculates a predicted value of the power that can be supplied based on the predicted value of the power generated by the generator 11a, the predicted value of the power discharged or charged by the storage battery 11c, and the predicted value of the power generated by the solar cell 11b. With this configuration, it is possible to decentralize the power supply source and stabilize the power supply.

Furthermore, in the information processing device 2 of the embodiment, the calculation unit 214 calculates the capacity of the target equipment 11 under the condition that, at each time, the amount obtained by subtracting the predicted value of the power to be charged to the storage battery 11c from the predicted value of the power that can be supplied is equal to the amount obtained by subtracting the interrupted power of each of the multiple loads from the actual power consumption of the multiple loads. This configuration makes it possible to calculate capacity based on reality more accurately, improving the accuracy of the capacity calculation.

The information processing method of this embodiment is an information processing method for determining the capacity of a target facility (11) to supply power to multiple loads connected to a microgrid (1) when the microgrid (1) is disconnected from the power grid (3). The information processing method includes the steps of: acquiring information for calculating a first cost required for installing and maintaining the target facility (11); acquiring actual values of the power consumption of each of the multiple loads over a predetermined past period; acquiring a coefficient that is set in advance for each of the multiple loads and indicates the importance of power supply to each of the multiple loads; and calculating the capacity of the target facility (11) and the interrupted power of each of the multiple loads when minimizing a total cost, which is the sum of the first cost obtained based on the information for calculating the first cost and a second cost determined by the interrupted power of each of the multiple loads and the coefficient indicating the importance.

This method allows the capacity of power supply facilities to be determined by taking into account the costs of installing and maintaining the facilities and the expected impact of an actual disaster.

The information processing program of the embodiment is an information processing program that determines the capacity of the target equipment 11 to supply power to multiple loads connected to the microgrid 1 when the microgrid 1 is disconnected from the power system 3, and the computer is configured to include an acquisition unit 210 that acquires information for calculating a first cost required for installing and maintaining the target equipment 11, an acquisition unit 211 that acquires actual values of power consumption for each of the multiple loads over a predetermined past period, an acquisition unit 213 that acquires a coefficient that is set in advance for each of the multiple loads and indicates the importance of power supply to each of the multiple loads, and a calculation unit 214 that calculates the capacity of the target equipment 11 and the interrupted power of each of the multiple loads when minimizing a total cost, which is the sum of the first cost obtained based on the information for calculating the first cost and a second cost determined by the interrupted power of each of the multiple loads and the coefficient indicating the importance.

Such a program would allow the capacity of power supply facilities to be determined, taking into account the costs of installing and maintaining the facilities and the expected impact of an actual disaster.

The above embodiments are intended to facilitate understanding of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, the present invention may be modified or improved without departing from its spirit, and it goes without saying that the present invention includes equivalents thereof.

1: Microgrid 10: Power distribution line 2: Information processing device 200: CPU
201: Memory 202: Communication device 203: Storage device 203a: Capacity determination program 203b: Equipment information DB
203c: Load performance DB
203d: Weather record DB
203e: Importance DB
204: Input device 205: Output device 206: Recording medium reading device 210: Acquisition unit 211: Acquisition unit 212: Acquisition unit 213: Acquisition unit 214: Calculation unit 215: Determination unit 216: Output unit 3: Power system 30: Circuit breaker 5: Network 6: Recording medium

Claims (8)

An information processing device that determines a capacity of a target facility to supply power to a plurality of loads connected to a microgrid when the microgrid is disconnected from a power grid,
a first acquisition unit that acquires information for calculating a first cost required for introducing and maintaining the target equipment;
a second acquisition unit that acquires actual values of power consumption of each of the plurality of loads during a predetermined period in the past;
a third acquisition unit that acquires a coefficient that is set in advance for each of the plurality of loads and indicates the importance of power supply to each of the plurality of loads;
and a calculation unit that calculates a capacity of the target equipment and an interrupting power of each of the plurality of loads when minimizing a total cost that is a sum of the first cost obtained based on information for calculating the first cost, and a second cost determined by the interrupting power of each of the plurality of loads and the coefficient. 2. The information processing device according to claim 1,
The calculation unit
defining the second cost as a sum when the coefficient is applied as a weighting coefficient to the interrupted power of each of the plurality of loads;
Calculating the capacity of the target facility by minimizing the total cost as an objective function, with the capacity of the target facility as a decision variable;
Information processing device. 3. The information processing device according to claim 1,
a determination unit that determines the capacity of the target equipment based on the calculation result by the calculation unit,
the second acquisition unit acquires a plurality of actual values of the power consumption for different predetermined periods in the past;
the calculation unit calculates a plurality of capacities of the target equipment that minimize the total cost for each of the plurality of actual performance values;
The determination unit determines a capacity value greater than an average value of the plurality of capacities of the target equipment as the capacity of the target equipment.
Information processing device. 4. The information processing device according to claim 3,
The determination unit determines the maximum capacity among the plurality of capacities of the target equipment as the capacity of the target equipment.
Information processing device. The information processing device according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
The target equipment includes a generator, a storage battery, and a solar cell,
a fourth acquisition unit that acquires weather information for the predetermined period in the past;
The calculation unit
calculating a predicted value of power generated by the solar cell based on the meteorological information;
The predicted value of the suppliable power is calculated based on a predicted value of power generated by the power generator, a predicted value of power discharged or charged by the storage battery, and a predicted value of power generated by the solar cell.
Information processing device. 6. The information processing device according to claim 5,
the calculation unit calculates the capacity of the target equipment under a condition that, at each time, an amount obtained by subtracting a predicted value of power to be charged into the storage battery from the predicted value of power that can be supplied is equal to an amount obtained by subtracting an interrupted power of each of the plurality of loads from an actual value of power consumption of the plurality of loads.
Information processing device. 1. An information processing method for determining a capacity of a target facility to supply power to a plurality of loads connected to a microgrid when the microgrid is disconnected from a power grid, the method comprising:
acquiring information for calculating a first cost required for introducing and maintaining the target equipment;
acquiring actual values of power consumption of each of the plurality of loads for a predetermined period in the past;
acquiring a coefficient that is preset for each of the plurality of loads and indicates the importance of power supply to each of the plurality of loads;
a step of calculating a capacity of the target equipment and a breaking power of each of the plurality of loads when minimizing a total cost which is a sum of the first cost obtained based on information for calculating the first cost, and a second cost determined by the breaking power of each of the plurality of loads and the coefficient;
An information processing method including: An information processing program that determines a capacity of a target facility to supply power to a plurality of loads connected to a microgrid when the microgrid is disconnected from a power grid,
On the computer,
a first acquisition unit that acquires information for calculating a first cost required for introducing and maintaining the target equipment;
a second acquisition unit that acquires actual values of power consumption of each of the plurality of loads during a predetermined period in the past;
a third acquisition unit that acquires a coefficient that is set in advance for each of the plurality of loads and indicates the importance of power supply to each of the plurality of loads;
a calculation unit that calculates a capacity of the target equipment and an interrupting power of each of the plurality of loads when minimizing a total cost that is a sum of the first cost obtained based on information for calculating the first cost, and a second cost determined by the interrupting power of each of the plurality of loads and the coefficient;
To realize
Information processing program.