JP7778451B2 - Method and device for controlling temperature inside a supercharged fluidized bed incinerator - Google Patents
Method and device for controlling temperature inside a supercharged fluidized bed incineratorInfo
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- JP7778451B2 JP7778451B2 JP2022060762A JP2022060762A JP7778451B2 JP 7778451 B2 JP7778451 B2 JP 7778451B2 JP 2022060762 A JP2022060762 A JP 2022060762A JP 2022060762 A JP2022060762 A JP 2022060762A JP 7778451 B2 JP7778451 B2 JP 7778451B2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
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Description
本発明は、流動焼却炉内で流動する流動媒体の流動状態を制御する過給式流動焼却炉および過給式流動焼却炉の制御方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a supercharged fluidized bed incinerator and a method for controlling the fluidization state of a fluidized bed material flowing within the incinerator.
流動焼却炉は、炉に入れた砂等の流動媒体を炉の下部から送り込まれる空気により流動させて流動層（流動床）を生成し、熱せられた流動層内に投入された下水汚泥または都市ゴミ等の焼却対象物を流動媒体とともに撹拌させて焼却する焼却炉である。
流動焼却炉内の流動状態は、炉に供給する空気（単に供給空気、燃焼空気、流動空気あるいは予熱空気とも称す。）、焼却対象物や補助燃料等の量、および炉内の温度、圧力に依存して変化し、流動状態を安定させて燃焼状態を最適にすることは、焼却対象物の燃焼効率を上げるために重要である。
A fluidized bed incinerator is an incinerator that generates a fluidized bed by fluidizing a fluidizing medium such as sand placed in the furnace using air pumped in from the bottom of the furnace, and then agitates and incinerates the material to be incinerated, such as sewage sludge or municipal waste, placed in the heated fluidized bed.
The fluidization state within a fluidized bed incinerator varies depending on the air supplied to the furnace (also referred to as supply air, combustion air, fluidizing air, or preheated air), the amount of material to be incinerated, the amount of auxiliary fuel, etc., and the temperature and pressure within the furnace. Stabilizing the fluidization state and optimizing the combustion state is important for increasing the combustion efficiency of the material to be incinerated.
例えば、流動焼却炉において、炉内の明るさ、焼却対象物の供給量、温度、酸素濃度または炉内の圧力に応じて流動媒体を流動させるために炉内に供給する空気量を調節する手法が提案されている（特許文献１参照）。
また、流動焼却炉において、排ガスの酸素濃度と炉内上部の水分濃度とに基づいて下水汚泥のケーキの含水率の増減を推定し、推定結果に基づいて炉に供給する空気の量、炉内温度、炉に供給する焼却対象物の量等を調節することで、燃焼の安定化を計る手法が提案されている（特許文献２参照）。
For example, in a fluidized bed incinerator, a method has been proposed in which the amount of air supplied into the furnace to fluidize the bed material is adjusted according to the brightness inside the furnace, the amount of material to be incinerated, the temperature, the oxygen concentration, or the pressure inside the furnace (see Patent Document 1).
In addition, a method has been proposed for stabilizing combustion in a fluidized bed incinerator by estimating the increase or decrease in moisture content of sewage sludge cake based on the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas and the moisture concentration in the upper part of the furnace, and adjusting the amount of air supplied to the furnace, the temperature inside the furnace, the amount of material to be incinerated supplied to the furnace, etc. based on the estimated results (see Patent Document 2).
従来の気泡式流動焼却炉においては、運転条件によらず系内の圧力はほぼ一定であった。
そのため焼却対象物の供給量である負荷が増減した際、焼却炉出口の排ガス熱量及び排ガス量は増減し、この排ガス熱量及び排ガス量の増減に応じて熱交換する空気予熱器での予熱空気温度は増減していた。
例えば、低負荷時には、流動空気を兼ねて過剰の空気が供給されるため、流動焼却炉からの排ガスとの熱交換を行う空気予熱器における予熱空気温度は低くなり、この予熱空気温度を所定の温度（設定温度）にするため燃料供給量が増え燃費が悪化していた。
逆に、高負荷時には、予熱空気温度が高くなり、空気予熱器による予熱空気の冷却、焼却炉内への注水（動力・用水の使用）や焼却量（焼却対象物、例えば汚泥）を調整（減少）していた。
In conventional bubbling fluidized bed incinerators, the pressure inside the system was almost constant regardless of the operating conditions.
Therefore, when the load, which is the supply amount of material to be incinerated, increases or decreases, the calorific value and volume of the exhaust gas at the incinerator outlet also increases or decreases, and the temperature of the preheated air in the air preheater, which exchanges heat, increases or decreases in accordance with the increase or decrease in the calorific value and volume of the exhaust gas.
For example, during low loads, excess air is supplied to serve as fluidizing air, which lowers the temperature of the preheated air in the air preheater that exchanges heat with the exhaust gas from the fluidized incinerator. This increases the amount of fuel supplied to raise the preheated air temperature to a specified temperature (set temperature), resulting in a deterioration in fuel efficiency.
Conversely, during high loads, the preheated air temperature rose, and the preheated air was cooled by an air preheater, water was injected into the incinerator (use of power and water), and the amount of incineration (material to be incinerated, e.g., sludge) was adjusted (reduced).
本発明は、運転状況の調整により、過給機の回転数を上下させる指示を制御部から過給機に送信し、系内の圧力調整により、余分な機器・補助燃料・動力・用水の使用を抑えることができる過給式流動焼却炉の予熱空気温度制御制方法の提供を目的とする。 The present invention aims to provide a method for controlling the preheated air temperature of a turbocharged fluidized bed incinerator, which adjusts the operating conditions by sending instructions from the control unit to the turbocharger to increase or decrease the turbocharger's rotation speed, and by adjusting the pressure within the system, reduces the use of unnecessary equipment, auxiliary fuel, power, and water.
上述した課題を解決するための、本発明の過給式流動焼却炉の炉内温度制御方法を以下に示す。
〔１〕焼却対象物と空気とを供給され、前記焼却対象物を流動媒体と共に流動させながら燃焼し、排ガスを排出する焼却炉と、前記焼却炉から排出される排ガスが流通する排ガス経路の途中に設けられたタービンと、前記焼却炉に供給される空気が流通する経路の途中に設けられ、前記タービンと連動するコンプレッサとを備え、前記焼却炉から排出される排ガスの流れによって前記タービンを回転させると共に前記コンプレッサを回転させて空気を圧縮する過給機と、前記排ガス経路の途中で、且つ前記過給機から前記焼却炉に供給される空気の経路の途中の位置に設置され、排ガスと空気との間で熱交換を行うことにより空気を加熱する空気予熱器と、を備えた過給式流動炉において、前記排ガス経路のうち、前記過給機をバイパスする経路の途中にある排ガスの調節弁の開度を調節することで、前記過給機から送られる圧縮空気の圧力を調節し、前記空気予熱器における熱交換量を調節し、前記焼却炉内の温度を制御する炉内温度制御方法であって、前記焼却炉内の圧力が上下限範囲以内ならば、前記焼却炉の入口における予熱空気の温度である入口温度が設定範囲内にあるか判定し、入口温度が設定範囲より低ければ前記空気予熱器に供給される空気の圧力を上昇させ、入口温度が設定範囲より高ければ前記空気予熱器に供給される空気の圧力を下降させることを特徴とする炉内温度制御方法。
〔２〕前記焼却炉内の圧力が上下限範囲外にある場合に、前記焼却炉内の圧力が下限を下回ったときは前記空気予熱器に供給される空気の圧力を上昇させ、前記焼却炉内の圧力が上限を上回ったときは前記空気予熱器に供給される空気の圧力を下降させることを特徴とする〔１〕に記載の炉内温度制御方法。
〔３〕前記過給式流動炉は、前記過給機から送り出される排ガスと空気との間で熱交換を行う白煙防止器と、前記白煙防止器に空気を供給する白煙防止ファンとをさらに備え、前記過給機から供給される圧縮空気の圧力の変化により、前記焼却炉内への供給空気量が設定範囲にあるか判定し、供給空気量が設定空気量より少なければ、前記過給機からの圧縮空気の供給路と、前記白煙防止ファンからの空気の供給路とを結ぶバイパス経路の途中にある空気の調節弁の開度を調節して圧縮空気量を多くし、供給空気量が設定空気量より多ければ、前記空気の調節弁の開度を調節して圧縮空気量を少なくすることを特徴とする〔１〕または〔２〕に記載の炉内温度制御方法。
〔４〕圧力の調節を、前記排ガス経路のうち、前記過給機に前記焼却炉からの排ガスを送る経路と、前記過給機の前記タービンから排ガスを排出する経路とを結ぶバイパス路の途中にある前記排ガスの調節弁の開度を調節することにより行うことを特徴とする〔１〕または〔２〕に記載の炉内温度制御方法。
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the method for controlling the temperature inside the furnace of a supercharged fluidized bed incinerator of the present invention will be described below.
[1] An incinerator that is supplied with materials to be incinerated and air, burns the materials while causing them to flow together with a fluidized bed material, and discharges exhaust gas; a turbine installed in the course of an exhaust gas path through which the exhaust gas discharged from the incinerator flows; a compressor installed in the course of a path through which air supplied to the incinerator flows and linked to the turbine; a supercharger that rotates the turbine using the flow of exhaust gas discharged from the incinerator and rotates the compressor to compress the air; and an air preheater that is installed in the course of the exhaust gas path and in a position in the course of the path of air supplied from the supercharger to the incinerator, and heats the air by exchanging heat between the exhaust gas and the air. and an in-furnace temperature control method for a supercharged fluidized furnace comprising: a method for controlling the temperature inside the incinerator by adjusting the opening of an exhaust gas control valve located in the middle of a path that bypasses the supercharger among the exhaust gas paths, thereby adjusting the pressure of the compressed air sent from the supercharger and adjusting the heat exchange amount in the air preheater, characterized in that if the pressure inside the incinerator is within an upper or lower limit range, it is determined whether an inlet temperature, which is the temperature of the preheated air at the inlet of the incinerator, is within a set range, and if the inlet temperature is lower than the set range, the pressure of the air supplied to the air preheater is increased, and if the inlet temperature is higher than the set range, the pressure of the air supplied to the air preheater is decreased.
[ 2 ] A method for controlling the temperature inside the furnace described in [1], characterized in that when the pressure inside the incinerator is outside the upper and lower limit range, the pressure of the air supplied to the air preheater is increased when the pressure inside the incinerator falls below the lower limit, and the pressure of the air supplied to the air preheater is decreased when the pressure inside the incinerator exceeds the upper limit.
[ 3 ] The method for controlling the furnace temperature according to [1] or [2], further comprising: a white smoke prevention device that performs heat exchange between the exhaust gas sent out from the turbocharger and the air; and a white smoke prevention fan that supplies air to the white smoke prevention device; and determining whether the amount of air supplied to the incinerator is within a set range based on changes in the pressure of the compressed air supplied from the turbocharger; and, if the amount of supplied air is less than the set air amount, adjusting the aperture of an air adjustment valve located in the middle of a bypass route connecting the compressed air supply path from the turbocharger and the air supply path from the white smoke prevention fan to increase the amount of compressed air; and , if the amount of supplied air is greater than the set air amount, adjusting the aperture of the air adjustment valve to decrease the amount of compressed air.
[ 4 ] A method for controlling the temperature inside the furnace according to [1] or [2], characterized in that the pressure is adjusted by adjusting the opening of the exhaust gas control valve located in the middle of a bypass path that connects the path that sends exhaust gas from the incinerator to the turbocharger and the path that discharges exhaust gas from the turbine of the turbocharger.
〔５〕焼却対象物と空気とを供給され、前記焼却対象物を流動媒体と共に流動させながら燃焼し、排ガスを排出する焼却炉と、前記焼却炉から排出される排ガスが流通する排ガス経路の途中に設けられたタービンと、前記焼却炉に供給される空気が流通する経路の途中に設けられ、前記タービンと連動するコンプレッサとを備え、前記焼却炉から排出される排ガスの流れによって前記タービンを回転させると共に前記コンプレッサを回転させて空気を圧縮する過給機と、前記排ガス経路の途中で、且つ前記過給機から前記焼却炉に供給される空気の経路の途中の位置に設置され、排ガスと空気との間で熱交換を行うことにより空気を加熱する空気予熱器と、を備えた過給式流動炉に設けられ、前記排ガス経路のうち、前記過給機をバイパスする経路の途中にある排ガスの調節弁の開度を調節することで、前記過給機から送られる圧縮空気の圧力を調節し、前記空気予熱器における熱交換量を調節し、前記焼却炉内の温度を制御する制御プログラムに基づいて動作する制御装置であって、前記焼却炉内の圧力が上下限範囲以内ならば、前記焼却炉の入口における予熱空気の温度である入口温度が設定範囲内にあるか判定し、入口温度が設定範囲より低ければ前記空気予熱器に供給される空気の圧力を上昇させ、入口温度が設定範囲より高ければ前記空気予熱器に供給される空気の圧力を下降させることを特徴とする制御装置。
〔６〕前記焼却炉内の圧力が上下限範囲外にある場合に、前記焼却炉内の圧力が下限を下回ったときは前記空気予熱器に供給される空気の圧力を上昇させ、前記焼却炉内の圧力が上限を上回ったときは前記空気予熱器に供給される空気の圧力を下降させることを特徴とする〔５〕に記載の制御装置。
〔７〕前記過給式流動炉は、前記過給機から送り出される排ガスと空気との間で熱交換を行う白煙防止器と、前記白煙防止器に空気を供給する白煙防止ファンとをさらに備え、前記過給機から供給される圧縮空気の圧力の変化により、前記焼却炉内への供給空気量が設定範囲にあるか判定し、供給空気量が設定空気量より少なければ、前記過給機からの圧縮空気の供給路と、前記白煙防止ファンからの空気の供給路とを結ぶバイパス経路の途中にある空気の調節弁の開度を調節して圧縮空気量を多くし、供給空気量が設定空気量より多ければ、前記空気の調節弁の開度を調節して圧縮空気量を少なくすることを特徴とする〔５〕または〔６〕に記載の制御装置
〔８〕圧力の調節を、前記排ガス経路のうち、前記過給機に前記焼却炉からの排ガスを送る経路と、前記過給機の前記タービンから排ガスを排出する経路とを結ぶバイパス路の途中にある前記排ガスの調節弁の開度を調節することにより行うことを特徴とする〔５〕または〔６〕に記載の制御装置。
[ 5 ] An incinerator that is supplied with materials to be incinerated and air, burns the materials while causing them to flow together with a fluidized bed material, and discharges exhaust gas; a turbine installed in the course of an exhaust gas path through which the exhaust gas discharged from the incinerator flows; a compressor installed in the course of a path through which air supplied to the incinerator flows and linked to the turbine; a supercharger that rotates the turbine using the flow of exhaust gas discharged from the incinerator and rotates the compressor to compress the air; and an air preheater that is installed in the course of the exhaust gas path and in a position in the course of the path of air supplied from the supercharger to the incinerator, and heats the air by exchanging heat between the exhaust gas and the air. a control device that is provided in a turbocharged fluidized furnace and operates based on a control program that adjusts the pressure of the compressed air sent from the turbocharger by adjusting the opening of an exhaust gas control valve located in the middle of a path that bypasses the turbocharger among the exhaust gas paths, thereby adjusting the heat exchange amount in the air preheater and controlling the temperature inside the incinerator , and that is characterized in that, if the pressure inside the incinerator is within an upper or lower limit range, it determines whether an inlet temperature, which is the temperature of the preheated air at the inlet of the incinerator, is within a set range, and if the inlet temperature is lower than the set range, it increases the pressure of the air supplied to the air preheater, and if the inlet temperature is higher than the set range, it decreases the pressure of the air supplied to the air preheater.
[ 6 ] The control device described in [5], characterized in that when the pressure inside the incinerator is outside the upper and lower limit range, the pressure of the air supplied to the air preheater is increased when the pressure inside the incinerator falls below the lower limit, and the pressure of the air supplied to the air preheater is decreased when the pressure inside the incinerator exceeds the upper limit.
[ 7 ] The control device described in [5] or [6], characterized in that the turbocharged fluidized furnace further comprises a white smoke preventive device that performs heat exchange between the exhaust gas sent out from the turbocharger and the air, and a white smoke preventive fan that supplies air to the white smoke preventive device , and determines whether the amount of air supplied to the incinerator is within a set range based on changes in the pressure of the compressed air supplied from the turbocharger , and if the amount of air supplied is less than the set air amount, adjusts the aperture of an air adjustment valve located in the middle of a bypass route connecting the compressed air supply path from the turbocharger and the air supply path from the white smoke preventive fan to increase the amount of compressed air, and if the amount of air supplied is more than the set air amount , adjusts the aperture of the air adjustment valve to decrease the amount of compressed air . [ 8 ] The control device described in [5] or [6] , characterized in that the pressure is adjusted by adjusting the aperture of the exhaust gas adjustment valve located in the middle of a bypass route connecting the route that sends exhaust gas from the incinerator to the turbocharger and the route that discharges exhaust gas from the turbine of the turbocharger, among the exhaust gas routes.
本発明によれば、過給式流動焼却炉内の系内圧力を調整することにより、予熱空気温度を調整することができる。
低負荷運転時には、系内圧力を高めることにより、補助燃料を削減する運転を行うことができ、高負荷運転時には、系内圧力を下げることにより、空気冷却器が不要となり、焼却炉への注水や焼却量の調整が不要となった。
これにより、イニシャルコスト（空気冷却器費用）・ランニングコストを抑えることができる。
According to the present invention, the preheated air temperature can be adjusted by adjusting the pressure inside the turbocharged fluidized bed incinerator.
During low-load operation, the system pressure can be increased to reduce the amount of auxiliary fuel used, and during high-load operation, the system pressure can be reduced, eliminating the need for an air cooler and the need to inject water into the incinerator or adjust the amount of incineration.
This reduces initial costs (cost of air cooler) and running costs.
以下、本実施形態について図面を参照して説明する。
図１は、第１の実施形態における流動焼却炉の制御装置を含む焼却システムの一例を示図、図２は空気予熱器の構造の一例を示す図である。
図１に示す焼却システム１は、流動焼却炉２、汚泥（ケーキ）供給装置１０、水供給装置１５、燃料供給装置２０、空気予熱器３０、集塵機４０、過給機５０、起動用ブロワ６０、白煙防止ファン７０、白煙防止（予熱）器７５、煙突を備えた排煙処理塔８０、制御装置９０からなる。
また、焼却システム１は、温度計２３、２４、圧力計２５、空気予熱器空気量計測器２６、２７、過給機回転数計測機器２８を有する。
例えば、本発明の実施態様において流動焼却炉２は、過給式の流動焼却炉である。流動焼却炉２は、昇温された圧縮空気を焼却炉２に供給し、高温・高圧の状態で焼却炉２内の焼却対象物を燃焼することで、燃焼速度を高くすることができ、Ｎ2Ｏの有害物質の排出量を減らすことができる。
なお、以下の説明では、流動焼却炉２は、単に焼却炉２とも称される。
Hereinafter, this embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows an example of an incineration system including a control device for a fluidized bed incinerator according to the first embodiment, and FIG. 2 shows an example of the structure of an air preheater.
The incineration system 1 shown in Figure 1 comprises a fluidized bed incinerator 2, a sludge (cake) supply device 10, a water supply device 15, a fuel supply device 20, an air preheater 30, a dust collector 40, a turbocharger 50, a startup blower 60, a white smoke prevention fan 70, a white smoke prevention (preheater) device 75, a flue gas treatment tower 80 equipped with a chimney, and a control device 90.
The incineration system 1 also has thermometers 23 and 24, a pressure gauge 25, air preheater air volume measuring instruments 26 and 27, and a turbocharger rotation speed measuring device 28.
For example, in an embodiment of the present invention, the fluidized bed incinerator 2 is a turbocharged fluidized bed incinerator. The fluidized bed incinerator 2 supplies heated compressed air to the incinerator 2 and burns the materials to be incinerated in the incinerator 2 under high temperature and pressure conditions, thereby increasing the combustion rate and reducing the amount of emissions of harmful substances such as N2O .
In the following description, the fluidized bed incinerator 2 will also be simply referred to as the incinerator 2.
矢印の付いた太い実線は、汚泥（ケーキ）、補助燃料、空気、水又は排ガスの供給路（供給管）を示し、矢印の付いた破線は、バイパス路を示す。
矢印の付いた細い実線（例えば、〈１〉圧力計２５から調節弁４８（ＣＶ４）に接続されている線、〈２〉調節弁４８（ＣＶ４）から過給機回転数計測機器２８に、〈３〉過給機回転数計測機器２８から空気予熱器空気量計測器２７に、〈４〉空気予熱器空気量計測器２７から調節弁４９（ＣＶ５）に接続されている線、〈５〉温度計２３から調節弁１７（ＣＶ２）、調節弁２２（ＣＶ１）に接続されている線、〈６〉調節弁１７（ＣＶ２）から温度計２４に接続されている線、〈７〉温度計２４から調節弁４７（ＣＶ３）に接続されている線、〈８〉空気予熱器空気量計測器２６から調節弁４７（ＣＶ３）に接続されている線）は、制御装置からこれらの調節弁に制御信号を送る信号線を示す。
例えば、制御装置９０は、圧力計２５からの圧力値を受け、該圧力値に基づいて開度指令信号を調節弁４８（ＣＶ４）に送り、前記調節弁４８の開度を調節する。
The thick solid lines with arrows indicate supply paths (supply pipes) for sludge (cake), auxiliary fuel, air, water or exhaust gas, and the dashed lines with arrows indicate bypass paths.
Thin solid lines with arrows (for example, <1> a line connecting the pressure gauge 25 to the control valve 48 (CV4), <2> a line connecting the control valve 48 (CV4) to the turbocharger rotation speed measuring device 28, <3> a line connecting the turbocharger rotation speed measuring device 28 to the air preheater air amount measuring device 27, <4> a line connecting the air preheater air amount measuring device 27 to the control valve 49 (CV5), <5> lines connecting the thermometer 23 to the control valve 17 (CV2) and the control valve 22 (CV1), <6> a line connecting the control valve 17 (CV2) to the thermometer 24, <7> a line connecting the thermometer 24 to the control valve 47 (CV3), and <8> a line connecting the air preheater air amount measuring device 26 to the control valve 47 (CV3)) indicate signal lines for sending control signals from the control device to these control valves.
For example, the control device 90 receives a pressure value from the pressure gauge 25, sends an opening command signal to the control valve 48 (CV4) based on the pressure value, and adjusts the opening of the control valve 48.
流動焼却炉２は、炉内に流動床３、予熱空気取入口４、始動用バーナ５を備えている。
また、汚泥（ケーキ）供給装置１０に接続された供給路（汚泥供給管）１１から供給される汚泥を取り込む汚泥込み口（図示しない）、水供給装置１５に接続された供給路（水供給管）１６から供給される水（注水）を取り込む水（注水）取込口（図示しない）、燃料供給装置２０に接続された供給路（燃料供給管）２１から供給される補助燃料を取り込む燃料取込口（図示しない）が設けられている。
汚泥（ケーキ）供給装置１０は、下水処理設備から送られてホッパ(図示しない)に貯められた下水汚泥のケーキを供給管１１から焼却炉２に順次供給する。
The fluidized bed incinerator 2 is provided with a fluidized bed 3, a preheated air intake 4, and a start-up burner 5 inside the furnace.
In addition, there are provided a sludge inlet (not shown) for taking in sludge supplied from a supply channel (sludge supply pipe) 11 connected to a sludge (cake) supply device 10, a water (water supply) inlet (not shown) for taking in water (water supply) supplied from a supply channel (water supply pipe) 16 connected to a water supply device 15, and a fuel inlet (not shown) for taking in auxiliary fuel supplied from a supply channel (fuel supply pipe) 21 connected to a fuel supply device 20.
The sludge (cake) supply device 10 sequentially supplies sewage sludge cakes sent from a sewage treatment facility and stored in a hopper (not shown) to the incinerator 2 through a supply pipe 11 .
水供給装置１５は、接続された供給管１６から水（注水）を焼却炉２内へ送り込むことで焼却炉２内の燃焼温度を調整し、燃料供給装置２０は、接続された供給管２１から補助燃料を焼却炉２内へ送り込むことで焼却炉２内の燃焼温度を調整する。
水供給管１６には、調節弁１７（ＣＶ２）が、燃料供給管２１には、調節弁２２（ＣＶ１）が設けられている。
調節弁１７（ＣＶ２）及び調節弁２２（ＣＶ１）は、制御装置９０に接続されていて該制御装置９０から出力される制御信号に応じて開度が調節される。
The water supply device 15 adjusts the combustion temperature inside the incinerator 2 by sending water (water injection) into the incinerator 2 from the connected supply pipe 16, and the fuel supply device 20 adjusts the combustion temperature inside the incinerator 2 by sending auxiliary fuel into the incinerator 2 from the connected supply pipe 21.
The water supply pipe 16 is provided with a control valve 17 (CV2), and the fuel supply pipe 21 is provided with a control valve 22 (CV1).
The control valve 17 (CV2) and the control valve 22 (CV1) are connected to a control device 90, and the opening degree thereof is adjusted in response to a control signal output from the control device 90.
温度計２３は、流動焼却炉２内に備えている流動床３の温度を計測する。温度計２３は、制御装置９０に接続されていて計測された温度値を該制御装置９０に出力する。
温度計２４は、空気予熱器３０から流動焼却炉２内に供給される余熱空気の温度を計測する。温度計２４は、制御装置９０に接続されていて計測された温度値を該制御装置９０に出力する。
The thermometer 23 measures the temperature of the fluidized bed 3 provided in the fluidized incinerator 2. The thermometer 23 is connected to the control device 90 and outputs the measured temperature value to the control device 90.
The thermometer 24 measures the temperature of the preheated air supplied from the air preheater 30 into the fluidized bed incinerator 2. The thermometer 24 is connected to the control device 90 and outputs the measured temperature value to the control device 90.
圧力計２５は、流動焼却炉２内の排ガスの圧力を計測する。圧力計２５は、制御装置９０に接続されていて計測された圧力値を該制御装置９０に出力する。
空気予熱器空気量計測器２６は、過給機５０から空気予熱器３０に供給される圧縮空気量を計測する。空気予熱器空気量計測器２６は、制御装置９０に接続されていて計測された圧縮空気量値を該制御装置９０に出力する。
The pressure gauge 25 measures the pressure of the exhaust gas inside the fluidized bed incinerator 2. The pressure gauge 25 is connected to the control device 90 and outputs the measured pressure value to the control device 90.
The air preheater air amount measuring instrument 26 measures the amount of compressed air supplied from the turbocharger 50 to the air preheater 30. The air preheater air amount measuring instrument 26 is connected to the control device 90 and outputs the measured compressed air amount value to the control device 90.
空気予熱器空気量計測器２７は、過給機５０から供給される圧縮空気量を計測する。空気予熱器空気量計測器２７は、制御装置９０に接続されていて計測された圧縮空気量値を該制御装置９０に出力する。
回転数計測器２８は、過給機５０の回転数を計測する。回転数計測器２８は、制御装置９０に接続されていて計測された回転数値を該制御装置９０に出力する。
The air preheater air amount measuring instrument 27 measures the amount of compressed air supplied from the turbocharger 50. The air preheater air amount measuring instrument 27 is connected to the control device 90 and outputs the measured compressed air amount value to the control device 90.
The rotation speed measuring device 28 measures the rotation speed of the supercharger 50. The rotation speed measuring device 28 is connected to the control device 90 and outputs the measured rotation speed value to the control device 90.
図２は、空気予熱器の構造の一例を示す断面図である。
前記空気予熱器３０は、円筒の筐体３０ａからなり、該筐体３０ａの内部を仕切り板３０ｃで仕切り上部の並流式の熱交換室３０ｄと下部の向流式の熱交室３０ｅを設けて構成される。
３０ｆは高温側管板、３０ｇは低温側管板、３０ｈは伝熱管、３０ｉはバッフルプレート、３０ｊは排ガス排出室、３０ｋは上部の並流式の熱交換室３０ｄに圧縮空気を送る圧縮空気導入ヘッダー、３０ｍは下部の向流式の熱交換室３０ｅに圧縮空気を送る圧縮空気導入ヘッダー、３０ｎは熱流体排出ヘッダー、Ｆ１は高温排ガス、Ｆ２は低温排ガスである。
流動焼却炉２から供給路５８を介して空気予熱器３０に供給される高温排ガスＦ１と上部の熱交換室３０ｄとは高温側管板３０ｆにより隔てられると共に、上記排ガス排出室３０ｊと上部の熱交換室３０ｄ及び下部の向流式の熱交換室３０ｅは上記低温側管板３０ｇにより隔てられる。熱交換室（熱交換室３０ｄ及び熱交換室３０ｅ）内には多数本の伝熱管３０ｈが配管され、その上下端は、上記高温側管板３０ｆおよび上記低温側管板３０ｇにそれぞれ接続されている。
伝熱管３０ｈを通じて上記熱交換室（熱交換室３０ｄ及び熱交換室３０ｅ）内に流入する高温排ガスＦ１は、流動焼却炉２から供給路５８を介して送り込まれる。
また、上記熱交換室の中間部には、仕切り板３０ｃが取り付けられていて、該熱交換室を、上部熱交換室３０ｄと下部熱交換室３０ｅに二分する。これら上部熱交換室３０ｄと下部熱交換室３０ｅ内には、数枚のバッフルプレート（邪魔板）３０ｉが配設されている。
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the structure of an air preheater.
The air preheater 30 comprises a cylindrical housing 30a, the interior of which is partitioned by a partition plate 30c to provide an upper parallel flow heat exchange chamber 30d and a lower counter flow heat exchange chamber 30e.
30f is a high-temperature side tube plate, 30g is a low-temperature side tube plate, 30h is a heat transfer tube, 30i is a baffle plate, 30j is an exhaust gas discharge chamber, 30k is a compressed air introduction header that sends compressed air to the upper parallel-flow heat exchange chamber 30d, 30m is a compressed air introduction header that sends compressed air to the lower counter-flow heat exchange chamber 30e, 30n is a thermal fluid discharge header, F1 is high-temperature exhaust gas, and F2 is low-temperature exhaust gas.
The high-temperature exhaust gas F1 supplied from the fluidized bed incinerator 2 to the air preheater 30 via the supply line 58 is separated from the upper heat exchange chamber 30d by the high-temperature side tube plate 30f, and the exhaust gas discharge chamber 30j is separated from the upper heat exchange chamber 30d and the lower counterflow heat exchange chamber 30e by the low-temperature side tube plate 30g. A large number of heat transfer tubes 30h are installed in the heat exchange chambers (heat exchange chambers 30d and 30e), and their upper and lower ends are connected to the high-temperature side tube plate 30f and the low-temperature side tube plate 30g, respectively.
The high-temperature exhaust gas F1 that flows into the heat exchange chambers (heat exchange chambers 30d and 30e) through the heat transfer tube 30h is sent from the fluidized bed incinerator 2 via a supply path 58.
A partition plate 30c is attached to the middle of the heat exchange chamber, dividing the heat exchange chamber into an upper heat exchange chamber 30d and a lower heat exchange chamber 30e. Several baffle plates 30i are disposed in the upper heat exchange chamber 30d and the lower heat exchange chamber 30e.
上部の並流式の熱交換室３０ｄは、空気と排ガスの流れが同じ方向になり、熱交換量が少ないので空気予熱器から排出される空気が暖まり難く、一方下部の向流式熱交換室３０ｅは、空気と排ガスの流れが逆になり、熱交換量が多いので出てくる空気が暖まり易い。
そして前記供給路２９が接続される位置の熱流体排出ヘッダー３０ｎにおいて、上部の並流式の熱交換室から流れてくる予熱空気と下部の向流式熱交換室から流れてくる予熱空気とが混合され、混合された予熱空気が焼却炉へ供給される。
In the upper parallel flow heat exchange chamber 30d, the air and exhaust gas flow in the same direction, and the amount of heat exchange is small, so the air discharged from the air preheater is difficult to warm up. On the other hand, in the lower counter flow heat exchange chamber 30e, the air and exhaust gas flow in opposite directions, and the amount of heat exchange is large, so the air coming out is easily warmed up.
At the thermal fluid discharge header 30n at the position where the supply path 29 is connected, the preheated air flowing from the upper parallel flow heat exchange chamber and the preheated air flowing from the lower counter flow heat exchange chamber are mixed, and the mixed preheated air is supplied to the incinerator.
本発明の実施態様である空気予熱器３０は、流動焼却炉２から供給路５８を介して送り込まれた排ガスと、過給機５０から供給路５６、分岐供給路５６ａ、分岐供給路５６ｂを介して送り込まれた圧縮空気とが熱交換される。
そして熱交換された空気は、予熱流体排出ヘッダー３０ｎから供給路２９を介して予熱空気取入口４から焼却炉２内へ供給される。
In the air preheater 30, which is an embodiment of the present invention, heat is exchanged between exhaust gas sent from the fluidized bed incinerator 2 via the supply line 58 and compressed air sent from the turbocharger 50 via the supply line 56, the branch supply line 56a, and the branch supply line 56b.
The heat-exchanged air is then supplied from the preheated fluid discharge header 30n through the supply path 29 to the incinerator 2 through the preheated air intake 4.
集塵機４０は、供給路３１から送り込まれた空気予熱器３０から排出される排ガスから、該排ガスに含まれる灰等の固形成分を分離して回収し、灰等の固形成分が取り除かれた排ガスを、供給路４１を介して過給機５０へ送り込み、該送られた排ガスは過給機５０から供給路４２を介して白煙防止器７５に送り込まれる。 The dust collector 40 separates and recovers solid components such as ash contained in the exhaust gas discharged from the air preheater 30 and fed via the supply path 31. The exhaust gas from which the ash and other solid components have been removed is then fed via the supply path 41 to the turbocharger 50, and the exhaust gas thus fed is then fed from the turbocharger 50 via the supply path 42 to the white smoke suppressor 75.
過給機５０は、共通の回転軸５１に接続されたタービン５２およびコンプレッサ５３を有する。タービン５２は、集塵機４０から供給路４１を介して過給機５０に送られる排ガスを受けて高速回転することで、コンプレッサ５３を高速回転させる。
コンプレッサ５３は、過給機５０に取り込まれた空気を圧縮し、圧縮した空気を供給路５６、分岐供給路５６ａ、分岐供給路５６ｂを介して空気予熱器３０に送り込む。空気予熱器３０では、排ガスと圧縮空気とが熱交換され、昇温された圧縮空気が供給路２９を介して焼却炉２の予熱空気取入口４に送られる。
The turbocharger 50 has a turbine 52 and a compressor 53 connected to a common rotating shaft 51. The turbine 52 receives exhaust gas sent to the turbocharger 50 from the dust collector 40 via the supply path 41 and rotates at high speed, thereby rotating the compressor 53 at high speed.
The compressor 53 compresses the air taken in by the turbocharger 50 and sends the compressed air to the air preheater 30 via the supply path 56, the branch supply path 56a, and the branch supply path 56b. In the air preheater 30, heat is exchanged between the exhaust gas and the compressed air, and the heated compressed air is sent to the preheated air intake 4 of the incinerator 2 via the supply path 29.
供給路５６には、分岐供給路５６ａと分岐供給路５６ｂの間に調節弁４７（ＣＶ３）が設けられている。調節弁４７（ＣＶ３）は制御装置９０に接続されていて該制御装置９０から出力される制御信号に応じて開度が調節される。
この開度の調節により空気予熱器３０の上側に供給する分岐供給路５６ａと空気予熱器３０の下側に供給する分岐供給路５６ｂに供給する圧縮空気量が調整される。
A control valve 47 (CV3) is provided between the branch supply path 56a and the branch supply path 56b in the supply path 56. The control valve 47 (CV3) is connected to a control device 90, and its opening is adjusted in response to a control signal output from the control device 90.
By adjusting this opening, the amount of compressed air supplied to the branch supply path 56a supplying air to the upper side of the air preheater 30 and the branch supply path 56b supplying air to the lower side of the air preheater 30 is adjusted.
起動用ブロワ６０は、焼却システム１の起動時に取り込んだ空気を供給路６１から前記空気供給路５６に、供給路６２から前記過給機５０に供給する。６３は前記供給路６２に設けられた逆止弁である。
起動後に流動焼却炉２からの排ガスで過給機５０のコンプレッサ５３からの流動空気を確保できる段階になったときには、起動用ブロワ６０からの大気（空気）供給を停止し、大気を供給路６５から前記過給機５０に供給するよう切り替える。６６は、前記供給路６５に設けられた調節弁であり制御装置９０に接続されていて該制御装置９０から出力される制御信号に応じて開度が調節される。
The startup blower 60 supplies air taken in at the start-up of the incineration system 1 from a supply path 61 to the air supply path 56 and from a supply path 62 to the turbocharger 50. Reference numeral 63 denotes a check valve provided in the supply path 62.
After startup, when the stage has come where the exhaust gas from the fluidized bed incinerator 2 can secure fluidizing air from the compressor 53 of the turbocharger 50, the supply of atmospheric air (air) from the startup blower 60 is stopped, and switching is made so that atmospheric air is supplied to the turbocharger 50 from a supply line 65. 66 is a control valve provided in the supply line 65, and is connected to a control device 90, and its opening is adjusted in response to a control signal output from the control device 90.
白煙防止ファン７０は、取り込んだ空気を、供給路７１を介して白煙防止器７５に送り込む。
白煙防止器７５は、大気を取り込む白煙防止ファン７０から送り込まれる空気を、供給路４２を介して供給される過給機５０から排出される排ガスと熱交換して昇温させる。昇温された空気は排煙処理塔８０に向けて送られる。
排煙処理塔８０では、排ガスに含まれる硫黄酸化物および煤塵などの大気汚染物質を排ガスから除去する。
The white smoke prevention fan 70 sends the air it has taken in to the white smoke prevention device 75 via a supply path 71.
The white smoke preventer 75 heats the air sent in from the white smoke prevention fan 70, which takes in atmospheric air, by heat exchange with the exhaust gas discharged from the turbocharger 50 and supplied via the supply path 42. The heated air is sent toward the flue gas treatment tower 80.
In the flue gas treatment tower 80, air pollutants such as sulfur oxides and soot contained in the flue gas are removed from the flue gas.
前記供給路４１と供給路４２との間に設けられたバイパス路４３には、過給機排ガスバイパス調節弁４８（ＣＶ４）が設けられている。
過給機排ガスバイパス調節弁４８（ＣＶ４）（以下単に調節弁という）は、制御装置９０に接続されていて該制御装置９０から出力される制御信号に応じて開度が調節される。
この開度の調節により供給路４１から過給機５０に送られる排ガス量が調整される。
例えば、排ガスバイパス調節弁４８（ＣＶ４）の開度を大きくすると集塵機４０から過給機に排ガスを供給する供給路４１から過給機５０に送られる排ガスの一部が過給機５０から白煙防止器７５へ排ガスを供給する供給路４２へ流れるため、供給路４１から過給機５０に送られる排ガス量が減少される。
そして供給路４１から過給機５０に送られる排ガス量に応じて、コンプレッサ５３以降の圧縮空気の供給路、空気予熱器３０及び焼却炉２内の圧力が調整される。
例えば、空気予熱器３０での供給空気の圧力を上昇させたいときは、調節弁４８（ＣＶ４）の開度を小さくして過給機５０の回転数を上昇させる。逆に供給空気の圧力を減少させたいときは、調節弁４８（ＣＶ４）の開度を大きくして過給機の回転数を減少させる。
A bypass passage 43 provided between the supply passage 41 and the supply passage 42 is provided with a turbocharger exhaust gas bypass control valve 48 (CV4).
The turbocharger exhaust gas bypass control valve 48 (CV4) (hereinafter simply referred to as the control valve) is connected to a control device 90, and the opening degree thereof is adjusted in response to a control signal output from the control device 90.
By adjusting this opening, the amount of exhaust gas sent from the supply passage 41 to the turbocharger 50 is adjusted.
For example, when the opening degree of the exhaust gas bypass control valve 48 (CV4) is increased, a portion of the exhaust gas sent to the turbocharger 50 from the supply path 41 that supplies exhaust gas from the dust collector 40 to the turbocharger flows to the supply path 42 that supplies exhaust gas from the turbocharger 50 to the white smoke inhibitor 75, and therefore the amount of exhaust gas sent to the turbocharger 50 from the supply path 41 is reduced.
The pressure in the compressed air supply path after the compressor 53, the air preheater 30, and the incinerator 2 is adjusted according to the amount of exhaust gas sent from the supply path 41 to the turbocharger 50.
For example, when it is desired to increase the pressure of the supply air in the air preheater 30, the opening of the control valve 48 (CV4) is reduced to increase the rotation speed of the turbocharger 50. Conversely, when it is desired to decrease the pressure of the supply air, the opening of the control valve 48 (CV4) is increased to decrease the rotation speed of the turbocharger.
ところで、空気予熱器３０では供給空気の圧力が大きくなると、焼却炉２の排ガスから供給空気への熱交換が増え、焼却炉の入口温度Ｔ２が上昇することとなる。つまり供給空気の圧力が上昇し、流体密度が増すことで熱交換容量が増加するためである。逆に、空気予熱器３０において、供給空気の圧力が小さくなると、焼却炉２の排ガスから供給空気への熱交換が減じ、焼却炉の入口温度Ｔ２が低下することとなる。つまり供給空気の圧力が低下し、流体密度が減ることで熱交換容量が減少する。従って、空気予熱器３０での供給空気の圧力を加減することで、焼却炉の入口温度Ｔ２を制御することができる。 Incidentally, when the supply air pressure in the air preheater 30 increases, heat exchange from the exhaust gas of the incinerator 2 to the supply air increases, and the incinerator inlet temperature T2 rises. This is because the supply air pressure increases and the fluid density increases, thereby increasing the heat exchange capacity. Conversely, when the supply air pressure in the air preheater 30 decreases, heat exchange from the exhaust gas of the incinerator 2 to the supply air decreases, and the incinerator inlet temperature T2 falls. This means that the supply air pressure decreases and the fluid density decreases, thereby reducing the heat exchange capacity. Therefore, the incinerator inlet temperature T2 can be controlled by adjusting the supply air pressure in the air preheater 30.
また、空気供給路５６と供給路７１との間に設けられたバイパス路５７には、余剰空気調節弁４９（ＣＶ５）が設けられている。
余剰空気調節弁４９（ＣＶ５）は、制御装置９０に接続されていて該制御装置９０から出力される開度指令の制御信号に応じて開度が調節される。
供給空気の圧力調節の際には、この開度の調節により過給機５０から供給路５６へ送られる圧縮空気の圧力が調整されて圧縮空気量が調整される。
A bypass passage 57 provided between the air supply passage 56 and the supply passage 71 is provided with a surplus air control valve 49 (CV5).
The surplus air control valve 49 (CV5) is connected to a control device 90, and the opening degree thereof is adjusted in response to a control signal of an opening degree command outputted from the control device 90.
When adjusting the pressure of the supply air, the pressure of the compressed air sent from the supercharger 50 to the supply path 56 is adjusted by adjusting this opening, and the amount of compressed air is adjusted.
例えば、圧縮空気の質量流量が一定の場合においては、圧力が大きいときは容積流量が少なくなるので、余剰空気調節弁４９（ＣＶ５）の開度を大きくしてバイパス路５７から供給路７１へ余剰空気を逃して圧力を開放することで、供給路５６から空気予熱器３０に送られる圧縮空気の容積流量を増加させるのに対して、圧力が小さいときは容積流量が多くなるので、余剰空気調節弁４９（ＣＶ５）の開度を小さくしてバイパス路５７から供給路７１へ余剰空気を逃さず圧力を保持することで、供給路５６から空気予熱器３０に送られる圧縮空気の容積流量を減少させる。
つまり、流動空気の焼却炉の入口温度を制御するために圧力変化が生じるが、それに伴う流動空気の容積流量の変化により流動空気量が影響を受けるので、余剰空気調節弁４９（ＣＶ５）の開度調節をすることで、流動空気量を一定範囲にし、流動焼却炉での流動床の流動状態を安定化させ、燃焼状態を適切にすることができるのである。
For example, when the mass flow rate of compressed air is constant, the volumetric flow rate decreases when the pressure is high, so the opening of the surplus air control valve 49 (CV5) is increased to release the surplus air from the bypass path 57 to the supply path 71 and release the pressure, thereby increasing the volumetric flow rate of compressed air sent from the supply path 56 to the air preheater 30. On the other hand, when the pressure is low, the volumetric flow rate increases, so the opening of the surplus air control valve 49 (CV5) is reduced to prevent the surplus air from escaping from the bypass path 57 to the supply path 71 and maintain the pressure, thereby reducing the volumetric flow rate of compressed air sent from the supply path 56 to the air preheater 30.
In other words, pressure changes occur to control the inlet temperature of the fluidized air at the incinerator, but the amount of fluidized air is affected by the accompanying change in the volumetric flow rate of the fluidized air. Therefore, by adjusting the opening of the surplus air control valve 49 (CV5), the amount of fluidized air can be kept within a certain range, the fluidized state of the fluidized bed in the fluidized incinerator can be stabilized, and the combustion state can be made appropriate.
制御装置９０は、例えば、ＰＬＣ（Programmable Logic Controller）を含み、ＰＬＣが実行する制御プログラムに基づいて動作する。そして、制御装置９０は、各種センサ（温度計、圧力計、空気予熱器空気量計測器、過給機回転数計測機器等）からの信号を受け取り、内蔵する制御プログラムにより、前記受け取った信号に対応した制御信号を各種機器（調節弁）に送り各種機器を制御する。 The control device 90 includes, for example, a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) and operates based on a control program executed by the PLC. The control device 90 receives signals from various sensors (thermometer, pressure gauge, air preheater air flow meter, turbocharger rotation speed measuring device, etc.) and, using its built-in control program, sends control signals corresponding to the received signals to various devices (regulating valves) to control the various devices.
図３は、図１に示す制御装置の動作の一例を示すフローチャートである。
本発明は、過給式流動焼却炉における圧力調整により予熱空気温度を制御する。例えば、下記の流れで制御装置が制御する。
スタート：以下の流れで所定の周期で繰り返し実行される。
Ｓ１：炉内圧力Ｐ１が下限値Ｐ１ｍｉｎ以上から上限値Ｐ１ｍａｘ以下の範囲にあるか判定し、範囲内ならＳ２へ進む。範囲外ならＳ７へ進む。
Ｓ２：焼却炉の入口温度Ｔ２が設定温度Ｔ２ｓｐになっているか判定する。なお、設定温度Ｔ２ｓｐはある範囲を有していてよい。
Ｓ３：Ｓ２の判定がＹｅｓの場合、燃焼空気量Ｆ２が設定空気量Ｆ２ｓｐになっているかを判定する。なお、設定空気量Ｆ２ｓｐはある範囲を有していてよい。
Ｓ４：Ｓ２の判定がＮｏの場合、焼却炉の入口温度Ｔ２が設定温度Ｔ２ｓｐより小さいか判定する。
Ｓ５：Ｓ４の判定がＹｅｓの場合、調節弁４８（ＣＶ４）の開閉により過給機回転数Ｒ１を上昇させ、供給路５６以降の下流の圧力を上昇させる。そしてＳ３での判定に進む。
Ｓ６：Ｓ４でＮｏ（Ｔ２＞Ｔ２ｓｐ）の場合は調節弁４８（ＣＶ４）の開閉により過給機回転数Ｒ１を減少させ、供給路５６以降の下流の圧力を減少させる。そしてＳ３での判定に進む。
Ｓ７：Ｓ１でＮｏの場合、Ｐ１が下限値Ｐ１ｍｉｎを下回るかどうかの判定を行う。
Ｓ８：Ｓ７でＹｅｓであれば、調節弁４８（ＣＶ４）の開閉により過給機回転数Ｒ１を上昇させ、供給路５６以降の下流の圧力を上昇させる。そしてＳ３での判定に進む。
Ｓ９：Ｓ７でＮｏであれば（Ｐ１が上限値Ｐ１ｍａｘを上回る）、調節弁４８（ＣＶ４）の開閉により過給機回転数Ｒ１を減少させ、供給路５６以降の下流の圧力を減少させる。そしてＳ３での判定に進む。
Ｓ１０：Ｓ３でＮｏであれば、燃焼空気量Ｆ２を設定空気量Ｆ２ｓｐと比較する判定を行う。
Ｓ１１：Ｓ１０でＦ２＜Ｆ２ｓｐであれば余剰空気調節弁４９（ＣＶ５）の開度を大きくし、燃焼空気量Ｆ２を供給路７１へ逃して燃焼空気量Ｆ２の圧力を開放して燃焼空気量Ｆ２の容積流量を増加させる。そしてエンドに進む。
Ｓ１２：Ｓ１０でＦ２＜Ｆ２ｓｐではなく、Ｆ２＞Ｆ２ｓｐであれば余剰空気調節弁４９（ＣＶ５）の開度を小さくし、燃焼空気量Ｆ２を供給路７１へ逃さずに燃焼空気量Ｆ２の圧力を保持して燃焼空気量Ｆ２の容積流量を減少させる。そしてエンドに進む。
エンド：Ｓ３での判定並びにＳ１１及びＳ１２の操作終了後はスタートに戻る。
FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of the control device shown in FIG.
The present invention controls the preheated air temperature by adjusting the pressure in a supercharged fluidized bed incinerator. For example, the control device controls the temperature according to the following flow.
Start: The following process is executed repeatedly at a predetermined interval.
S1: Determine whether the furnace pressure P1 is within the range from the lower limit P1min to the upper limit P1max, and if it is within the range, proceed to S2. If it is outside the range, proceed to S7.
S2: Determine whether the inlet temperature T2 of the incinerator is at the set temperature T2sp. The set temperature T2sp may have a certain range.
S3: If the determination in S2 is Yes, it is determined whether the combustion air amount F2 is equal to the set air amount F2sp. Note that the set air amount F2sp may have a certain range.
S4: If the determination in S2 is No, it is determined whether the inlet temperature T2 of the incinerator is lower than the set temperature T2sp.
S5: If the determination in S4 is Yes, the turbocharger rotation speed R1 is increased by opening and closing the control valve 48 (CV4), thereby increasing the pressure downstream of the supply passage 56. Then, the process proceeds to the determination in S3.
S6: If the answer is No in S4 (T2>T2sp), the turbocharger rotation speed R1 is reduced by opening or closing the control valve 48 (CV4), thereby reducing the pressure downstream of the supply passage 56. Then, the process proceeds to the determination in S3.
S7: If the answer is No in S1, it is determined whether P1 is below the lower limit value P1min.
S8: If the answer is Yes in S7, the turbocharger rotation speed R1 is increased by opening and closing the control valve 48 (CV4), thereby increasing the pressure downstream of the supply passage 56. Then, the process proceeds to the determination in S3.
S9: If the answer to S7 is No (P1 exceeds the upper limit value P1max), the turbocharger rotation speed R1 is reduced by opening and closing the control valve 48 (CV4), thereby reducing the pressure downstream of the supply passage 56. Then, the process proceeds to the determination in S3.
S10: If the answer is No in S3, the combustion air amount F2 is compared with the set air amount F2sp.
S11: If F2<F2sp in S10, increase the opening of the excess air control valve 49 (CV5), release the combustion air amount F2 to the supply path 71, release the pressure of the combustion air amount F2, and increase the volumetric flow rate of the combustion air amount F2. Then, proceed to END.
S12: If F2 > F2sp rather than F2 < F2sp in S10, the opening of the surplus air control valve 49 (CV5) is reduced, and the pressure of the combustion air amount F2 is maintained without releasing the combustion air amount F2 into the supply path 71, thereby reducing the volumetric flow rate of the combustion air amount F2. Then, proceed to END.
End: After the judgment in S3 and the operations in S11 and S12 are completed, the process returns to the start.
以上のステップを周期的に行うことで、過給式流動焼却炉を用いた焼却システム１における空気予熱器３０の圧力を調整し、予熱空気温度を制御することができる。そして、焼却対象物の供給量である負荷が増減した際には、炉内温度を調節する予熱空気温度を制御し、負荷が低く予熱空気量の影響で温度が低下するときには、圧力調節で予熱空気温度を高めて燃料供給量を抑制する低燃費運転を実現でき、逆に負荷が高く炉内温度が高まるときには、圧力調節で予熱空気温度を低下させて炉内温度を低下できるので炉内注水を要せず、また空気冷却器の装備を省くことができる。 By periodically performing the above steps, the pressure of the air preheater 30 in the incineration system 1 using a supercharged fluidized bed incinerator can be adjusted and the preheated air temperature can be controlled. When the load, which is the amount of material being incinerated, increases or decreases, the preheated air temperature, which adjusts the temperature inside the furnace, is controlled. When the load is low and the temperature drops due to the amount of preheated air, pressure adjustment is used to increase the preheated air temperature, thereby reducing the amount of fuel supplied, achieving fuel-efficient operation. Conversely, when the load is high and the temperature inside the furnace rises, pressure adjustment is used to decrease the preheated air temperature, thereby lowering the temperature inside the furnace. This eliminates the need to inject water into the furnace and eliminates the need for an air cooler.
１：焼却システム
２：流動焼却炉
１０：汚泥供給装置
１５：水供給装置
１７：調節弁（ＣＶ２）
２０：燃料供給装置
２２：調節弁（ＣＶ１）
２３：温度計
２４：温度計
２５：圧力計
２６：空気予熱機空気量計測器
２７：空気予熱機空気量計測器
２８：過給機回転数計測器
３０：空気予熱器
４０：集塵機
４７：調節弁（ＣＶ３）
４８：調節弁（ＣＶ４）
４９：調節弁（ＣＶ５）
５０：過給機
６０：起動用ブロワ
７０：白煙防止ファン
７５：白煙防止器
８０：排煙処理塔
９０：制御装置
1: Incineration system 2: Fluidized bed incinerator 10: Sludge supply device 15: Water supply device 17: Control valve (CV2)
20: Fuel supply device 22: Control valve (CV1)
23: Thermometer 24: Thermometer 25: Pressure gauge 26: Air preheater air volume measuring instrument 27: Air preheater air volume measuring instrument 28: Turbocharger rotation speed measuring instrument 30: Air preheater 40: Dust collector 47: Control valve (CV3)
48: Control valve (CV4)
49: Control valve (CV5)
50: Turbocharger 60: Start-up blower 70: White smoke prevention fan 75: White smoke prevention device 80: Smoke treatment tower 90: Control device
Claims (8)
前記焼却炉から排出される排ガスが流通する排ガス経路の途中に設けられたタービンと、前記焼却炉に供給される空気が流通する経路の途中に設けられ、前記タービンと連動するコンプレッサとを備え、前記焼却炉から排出される排ガスの流れによって前記タービンを回転させると共に前記コンプレッサを回転させて空気を圧縮する過給機と、
前記排ガス経路の途中で、且つ前記過給機から前記焼却炉に供給される空気の経路の途中の位置に設置され、排ガスと空気との間で熱交換を行うことにより空気を加熱する空気予熱器と
を備えた過給式流動炉において、
前記排ガス経路のうち、前記過給機をバイパスする経路の途中にある排ガスの調節弁の開度を調節することで、前記過給機から送られる圧縮空気の圧力を調節し、前記空気予熱器における熱交換量を調節し、前記焼却炉内の温度を制御する炉内温度制御方法であって、
前記焼却炉内の圧力が上下限範囲以内ならば、前記焼却炉の入口における予熱空気の温度である入口温度が設定範囲内にあるか判定し、入口温度が設定範囲より低ければ前記空気予熱器に供給される空気の圧力を上昇させ、入口温度が設定範囲より高ければ前記空気予熱器に供給される空気の圧力を下降させることを特徴とする炉内温度制御方法。 an incinerator that is supplied with materials to be incinerated and air, burns the materials to be incinerated while causing them to flow together with a fluidized medium, and discharges exhaust gas;
a turbocharger comprising a turbine provided in the middle of an exhaust gas path through which exhaust gas discharged from the incinerator flows, and a compressor provided in the middle of a path through which air supplied to the incinerator flows and linked to the turbine, the turbocharger rotating the turbine by the flow of exhaust gas discharged from the incinerator and rotating the compressor to compress the air;
an air preheater that is installed in the exhaust gas path and in the path of air supplied from the turbocharger to the incinerator, and that heats the air by exchanging heat between the exhaust gas and the air;
In a supercharged fluidized bed furnace equipped with
An in- furnace temperature control method for controlling the temperature inside the incinerator by adjusting the opening of an exhaust gas control valve located in the middle of a path that bypasses the turbocharger among the exhaust gas paths, thereby adjusting the pressure of compressed air sent from the turbocharger and adjusting the heat exchange amount in the air preheater,
If the pressure inside the incinerator is within the upper and lower limit ranges, it is determined whether the inlet temperature, which is the temperature of the preheated air at the inlet of the incinerator, is within a set range, and if the inlet temperature is lower than the set range, the pressure of the air supplied to the air preheater is increased, and if the inlet temperature is higher than the set range, the pressure of the air supplied to the air preheater is decreased.
前記過給機から送り出される排ガスと空気との間で熱交換を行う白煙防止器と、
前記白煙防止器に空気を供給する白煙防止ファンとをさらに備え、
前記過給機から供給される圧縮空気の圧力の変化により、前記焼却炉内への供給空気量が設定範囲にあるか判定し、供給空気量が設定空気量より少なければ、前記過給機からの圧縮空気の供給路と、前記白煙防止ファンからの空気の供給路とを結ぶバイパス経路の途中にある空気の調節弁の開度を調節して圧縮空気量を多くし、供給空気量が設定空気量より多ければ、前記空気の調節弁の開度を調節して圧縮空気量を少なくすることを特徴とする請求項１または２に記載の炉内温度制御方法。 The supercharged fluidized bed furnace comprises:
a white smoke suppressor that performs heat exchange between the exhaust gas sent out from the turbocharger and air;
a white smoke prevention fan that supplies air to the white smoke prevention device;
3. A method for controlling an incinerator temperature according to claim 1, further comprising : determining whether the amount of air supplied to the incinerator is within a set range based on a change in the pressure of the compressed air supplied from the turbocharger; and, if the amount of air supplied is less than the set amount of air, adjusting the aperture of an air adjustment valve located in the middle of a bypass route connecting the compressed air supply path from the turbocharger and the air supply path from the white smoke prevention fan to increase the amount of compressed air; and , if the amount of air supplied is greater than the set amount of air, adjusting the aperture of the air adjustment valve to decrease the amount of compressed air.
前記焼却炉から排出される排ガスが流通する排ガス経路の途中に設けられたタービンと、前記焼却炉に供給される空気が流通する経路の途中に設けられ、前記タービンと連動するコンプレッサとを備え、前記焼却炉から排出される排ガスの流れによって前記タービンを回転させると共に前記コンプレッサを回転させて空気を圧縮する過給機と、
前記排ガス経路の途中で、且つ前記過給機から前記焼却炉に供給される空気の経路の途中の位置に設置され、排ガスと空気との間で熱交換を行うことにより空気を加熱する空気予熱器と、
を備えた過給式流動炉に設けられ、
前記排ガス経路のうち、前記過給機をバイパスする経路の途中にある排ガスの調節弁の開度を調節することで、前記過給機から送られる圧縮空気の圧力を調節し、前記空気予熱器における熱交換量を調節し、前記焼却炉内の温度を制御する制御プログラムに基づいて動作する制御装置であって、
前記焼却炉内の圧力が上下限範囲以内ならば、前記焼却炉の入口における予熱空気の温度である入口温度が設定範囲内にあるか判定し、入口温度が設定範囲より低ければ前記空気予熱器に供給される空気の圧力を上昇させ、入口温度が設定範囲より高ければ前記空気予熱器に供給される空気の圧力を下降させることを特徴とする制御装置。 an incinerator that is supplied with materials to be incinerated and air, burns the materials to be incinerated while causing them to flow together with a fluidized medium, and discharges exhaust gas;
a turbocharger comprising a turbine provided in the middle of an exhaust gas path through which exhaust gas discharged from the incinerator flows, and a compressor provided in the middle of a path through which air supplied to the incinerator flows and linked to the turbine, the turbocharger rotating the turbine by the flow of exhaust gas discharged from the incinerator and rotating the compressor to compress the air;
an air preheater that is installed in the exhaust gas path and in the path of air supplied from the turbocharger to the incinerator, and that heats the air by exchanging heat between the exhaust gas and the air;
The fluidized bed furnace is provided with
A control device that operates based on a control program that adjusts the pressure of compressed air sent from the turbocharger by adjusting the opening of an exhaust gas control valve located in the middle of a path that bypasses the turbocharger among the exhaust gas paths, adjusts the heat exchange amount in the air preheater , and controls the temperature inside the incinerator ,
If the pressure inside the incinerator is within the upper and lower limit ranges, a control device is provided which determines whether the inlet temperature, which is the temperature of the preheated air at the inlet of the incinerator, is within a set range, and if the inlet temperature is lower than the set range, increases the pressure of the air supplied to the air preheater, and if the inlet temperature is higher than the set range, decreases the pressure of the air supplied to the air preheater.
前記過給機から送り出される排ガスと空気との間で熱交換を行う白煙防止器と、
前記白煙防止器に空気を供給する白煙防止ファンとをさらに備え、
前記過給機から供給される圧縮空気の圧力の変化により、前記焼却炉内への供給空気量が設定範囲にあるか判定し、供給空気量が設定空気量より少なければ、前記過給機からの圧縮空気の供給路と、前記白煙防止ファンからの空気の供給路とを結ぶバイパス経路の途中にある空気の調節弁の開度を調節して圧縮空気量を多くし、供給空気量が設定空気量より多ければ、前記空気の調節弁の開度を調節して圧縮空気量を少なくすることを特徴とする請求項５または６に記載の制御装置。 The supercharged fluidized bed furnace comprises:
a white smoke suppressor that performs heat exchange between the exhaust gas sent out from the turbocharger and air;
a white smoke prevention fan that supplies air to the white smoke prevention device;
7. A control device according to claim 5 or 6 , characterized in that it determines whether the amount of air supplied to the incinerator is within a set range based on a change in the pressure of the compressed air supplied from the turbocharger , and if the amount of air supplied is less than the set air amount, it adjusts the aperture of an air adjustment valve located midway through a bypass route connecting the compressed air supply path from the turbocharger and the air supply path from the white smoke prevention fan to increase the amount of compressed air, and if the amount of air supplied is greater than the set air amount, it adjusts the aperture of the air adjustment valve to decrease the amount of compressed air.
7. The control device according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the pressure is adjusted by adjusting the opening of the exhaust gas control valve located in the middle of a bypass path that connects a path that sends exhaust gas from the incinerator to the turbocharger and a path that discharges exhaust gas from the turbine of the turbocharger .
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| JP2009121777A (en) | 2007-11-16 | 2009-06-04 | Public Works Research Institute | Pressurized fluidized incineration equipment and startup operation method of pressurized fluidized incineration equipment |
| JP2011137576A (en) | 2009-12-28 | 2011-07-14 | Sanki Eng Co Ltd | Method of operating pressurized-fluidized incinerator and pressurized-fluidized incinerator facility |
| JP2013204926A (en) | 2012-03-28 | 2013-10-07 | Tsukishima Kikai Co Ltd | Control valve controller of pressurized-fluidized furnace, and control method of control valve of pressurized-fluidized furnace |
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| JP2009121777A (en) | 2007-11-16 | 2009-06-04 | Public Works Research Institute | Pressurized fluidized incineration equipment and startup operation method of pressurized fluidized incineration equipment |
| JP2011137576A (en) | 2009-12-28 | 2011-07-14 | Sanki Eng Co Ltd | Method of operating pressurized-fluidized incinerator and pressurized-fluidized incinerator facility |
| JP2013204926A (en) | 2012-03-28 | 2013-10-07 | Tsukishima Kikai Co Ltd | Control valve controller of pressurized-fluidized furnace, and control method of control valve of pressurized-fluidized furnace |
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