JP7781003B2 - Construction material and method for manufacturing the construction material - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to building components and methods for manufacturing building components.

In a composite member made of a wooden member and a steel member, a shear member (connector) with an outer diameter slightly larger than the through hole of the wooden member (wood) is arranged and placed against the steel member (steel material), and then fastened with bolts to form a frictional joint with the steel member (for example, Patent Document 1) has been disclosed.
Furthermore, in a composite member using a laminated wood consisting of a steel core and lamina stacked parallel to the core, a structure has been disclosed in which the outermost lamina of the core is made of wood that is stronger than the lamina of the other layers (for example, Patent Document 2).

Patent No. 4252029 JP 2008-174932 A

In a composite member made of wooden members and steel members, it is preferable to prevent the steel members from being heated in the event of a fire in order to improve fire resistance.
However, in the conventional composite members, hot air enters the gap between the wooden member and the steel member, causing the steel member to heat up quickly, posing a problem in improving fire resistance.

The present invention was made in consideration of the above-mentioned circumstances, and aims to provide a building component with a structure that makes it difficult for heat to propagate through the steel material, and a method for manufacturing the building component.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes the following means.
The building component of the present invention comprises two pieces of wood, each having a through hole formed therein, a plate-shaped steel material sandwiched between the two pieces of wood, a plurality of hollow connectors each having an outer diameter larger than the inner diameter of the through hole, which are pressed into the interior of the through hole and have one end in contact with the steel material, a pressure plate placed at the other end of the connector, and a high-strength bolt that passes through the pressure plate, the connector, and the steel material and fixes the wood to the steel material via the connector, and is characterized in that a joint material is provided in the part between the two pieces of wood where no steel material is placed.

According to this invention, a splice is provided in the area between two pieces of wood where no steel is placed. This prevents the steel from being exposed on the outer periphery of the building component. Furthermore, by eliminating the gap between the wood and steel, hot air is prevented from entering through the gap, creating a structure that makes it difficult for heat to propagate to the steel. This contributes to improved fire resistance.

Furthermore, the thickness of the joining material may be equal to or greater than the thickness of the steel material.

According to this invention, the thickness of the splice is equal to or greater than the thickness of the steel material. As a result, when joining wood and steel, the wood compresses the splice from both sides in the thickness direction. This more reliably prevents gaps from forming between the wood and steel due to the reaction force generated in the splice.

The joining material may also be in contact with the steel material.

According to this invention, the joint material is in contact with the steel material. Here, the wood is placed on both sides of the steel material in the thickness direction. Therefore, by the joint material being in contact with the sides of the steel material in the width direction, it is possible to comprehensively cover the periphery of the steel material. This makes it possible to create a structure that is more resistant to heat transmission to the steel material.

The joining material may also be part of the wood.

According to this invention, the splice is part of the wood. In other words, the splice and wood are integrally molded into the same component. This reduces the number of components, thereby improving material yield and facilitating the assembly of building components.

The splice may be attached to the wood by an attachment member, and at least a portion of the attachment member may be positioned closer to the steel material than the carbonization area of the wood.

According to this invention, the splice is attached to the wood using a mounting member. In other words, the splice is a separate member from the wood. This allows for efficient dimensional control of the splice and adjustment of the position of the wood and the splice. Furthermore, a portion of the mounting member is positioned closer to the steel than the charring area of the wood. Here, the charring area refers to the area on the outer surface of the wood that is expected to char in the event of a fire. By attaching a portion of the mounting member closer to the steel than the charring area of the wood, it is possible to prevent the mounting member from falling off the building component even if the wood chars. This can contribute to improved fire resistance.

The mounting member may also be a screw-type member that is screwed into the wood.

According to this invention, the mounting member is a screw-type member that bites into the wood. In other words, the mounting member is located inside the fixed wood and joint material. This prevents gaps from forming between the wood and the steel material due to the mounting member.

The mounting member may also be characterized as being a non-fire-resistant adhesive.

According to this invention, the mounting member is a non-fire-resistant adhesive. Here, as described above, at least a portion of the mounting member is positioned on the steel side of the carbonization area. Therefore, the splice material can be fixed to the wood without using a fire-resistant adhesive. This reduces costs compared to using a fire-resistant adhesive.

Another feature may be that the connector, pressure plate, and high-strength bolt are hidden by wooden plugs.

According to this invention, the connector, pressure plate, and high-strength bolts are hidden by wooden plugs. This prevents the connector, pressure plate, and high-strength bolts from being exposed on the outer surface of the building component. This further reduces the possibility of heat being transmitted to the steel material.

Furthermore, a portion of the wooden plug may be positioned closer to the steel material than the carbonization area of the wood.

According to this invention, a portion of the wooden plug is positioned closer to the steel material than the carbonization area of the wood. This ensures that at least a portion of the wooden plug remains uncarbonized even after the carbonization area has carbonized. This prevents the joining means from being exposed on the outer surface of the building component, even after the wood has carbonized. This further contributes to improved fire resistance.

The manufacturing method for a building component according to the present invention is characterized by comprising a determination process for determining the attachment location of the splice member based on the posture of the wooden piece, an attachment process for attaching the splice member to the wooden piece, and a joining process for joining the wooden piece and the steel material.

This invention includes a discrimination process that determines the location of the splice based on the posture of the timber, an attachment process that attaches the splice to the timber, and a joining process that joins the timber and steel material. The discrimination process reliably prevents incorrect assembly of the splice. The attachment process and the joining process are separate processes. In other words, the joining process is performed with the splice placed on the timber in advance. Therefore, by joining the timber and steel material with the steel material and the splice reliably aligned, gaps can be more reliably prevented from occurring between the timber, the splice, and the steel material.

The attachment process may also be characterized by placing the attachment member inside the carbonization area.

According to this invention, the attachment process positions the attachment member inside the carbonization area. This allows the attachment member to maintain its functionality even after the wood has been carbonized. This more reliably prevents heat from being transmitted to the steel material.

The present invention provides a building component with a structure that makes it difficult for heat to propagate through the steel material, as well as a method for manufacturing the building component.

1 is an overall view of a building component according to the present invention; 2 is a cross-sectional view of a first example of a building component according to the present invention taken along the line AA in FIG. 1. FIG. FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion III shown in FIG. 1 . 3 is a first embodiment of the configuration of the building member shown in FIG. 2. 3 is a second embodiment of the configuration of the building member shown in FIG. 2. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a second example of a building component according to the present invention taken along the line AA in FIG. 1. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a third example of a building component according to the present invention taken along the line AA in FIG. 1. FIG. This is an example of inserting a connector into wood.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A construction member according to an embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings. The construction member according to the present invention is used as a roof truss in buildings such as gymnasiums and warehouses.
In this embodiment, a description will be given of a first building component 100, a second building component 200, and a third building component 300. Hereinafter, when there is no need to distinguish between these components, they will be referred to as building components.

(Regarding the first building member 100)
First, we will explain the first building component 100. As shown in Figure 1, the first building component 100 includes a steel material 10, a piece of wood 20, a connector 30, a joining means 40, a pressing plate 50, a joining member 60, and a wooden plug 70.
The steel material 10 is a plate-shaped member made of steel. Hereinafter, in describing each configuration of the building component, directions may be referred to as a thickness direction D1, a width direction D2, and a longitudinal direction D3, based on the steel material 10. In particular, with respect to the thickness direction D1 and the width direction D2, the side facing the steel material 10 is referred to as the inside, and the side facing away from the steel material 10 is referred to as the outside.

The steel material 10 forms the main structure of the building component and ensures its strength. The steel material 10 is formed, for example, from a strip-shaped steel plate. The steel material 10 preferably has a thickness (plate thickness) of 6 mm to 28 mm in the thickness direction D1, a width (D2) of 130 mm to 575 mm, and a length (D3) of 1500 mm to 7500 mm. Dimensions other than those listed above may also be determined as needed. Furthermore, bolt holes 11 are provided in the thickness direction D1 of the steel material 10, through which the connecting means 40 passes. The size of the bolt holes 11 may be the minimum size necessary for the connecting means 40 to pass through, provided that a friction surface is secured for contact with the connector 30 provided on the wood 20, or may be larger to accommodate variations.

Two pieces of wood 20 are provided for the steel material 10. Specifically, a pair of pieces of wood 20 are provided on both sides of the steel material 10 in the thickness direction D1. In other words, the steel material 10 is sandwiched between the two pieces of wood 20. As a result, the wood 20 increases the rigidity of the steel material 10 in the out-of-plane direction (weak axis direction). In addition, the wood 20 prevents the steel material 10 from being exposed to the outside. This prevents the steel material 10 from being directly heated in the event of a fire. Furthermore, in the event of a fire, the wood 20 carbonizes (burns) first, delaying the heat input to the steel material 10. This delays the decrease in the buckling stress of the steel material 10.
For example, laminated wood is preferably used for the wooden piece 20. For example, larch or Douglas fir is preferably used for the laminated wood. Alternatively, without being limited to these, wood with a density of 0.4 g/cm ^or more is preferably used. Furthermore, the wooden piece 20 may be impregnated with a fire retardant liquid.

Hereinafter, as shown in Figure 2, the area of the wooden piece 20 that will carbonize when the building material is left under the required fire resistance conditions will be referred to as the carbonization area CA. The carbonization area CA is located from the outer periphery of the wooden piece 20 toward the inside. The carbonization area CA shown in Figure 2 particularly indicates the boundary between the carbonization area CA and the area that is not the carbonization area CA.
The wood 20 also contributes to improving the design of the appearance of the building member.

Through holes 20h and countersunk holes 20H that penetrate in the thickness direction D1 are formed in the wooden piece 20. As shown in Figure 2, the through holes 20h and countersunk holes 20H are provided from the surface of the wooden piece 20 that contacts the steel material 10 toward the outside in the thickness direction D1.
The connector 30 is placed in the through hole 20h. The through hole 20h has an inner diameter that is slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the connector 30. The size of the inner diameter of the through hole 20h is set to a size that allows the connector 30 to be press-fitted. One end of the through hole 20h is located on the surface of the wooden piece 20 that contacts the steel material 10. The other end of the through hole 20h is connected to one end of the countersunk hole 20H.

One end of the countersunk hole 20H connects to the other end of the through hole 20h, and the other end is located on the outer surface of the wooden piece 20 in the thickness direction D1. A pressure plate 50 is placed in the countersunk hole 20H. The inner diameter of the countersunk hole 20H is larger than the outer diameter of the pressure plate 50.

The connector 30 is a hollow member. More specifically, the connector 30 is a cylindrical member. Multiple connectors 30 are arranged inside the through hole 20h. The connectors 30 may be arranged around the end of the wooden piece 20 in the longitudinal direction D3, or multiple connectors may be arranged at intervals. The same applies to the through hole 20h in the wooden piece 20 and the bolt hole 11 in the steel material 10. For example, a connector 30 with a height of 30 mm to 50 mm, an outer diameter of 50 mm, and an inner diameter of 22 mm is preferably used. In this embodiment, the outer diameter of the connector 30 is larger than the inner diameter of the through hole 20h. The height of the connector 30 is the dimension in the thickness direction D1. The height of the connector 30 is determined appropriately according to the axial dimension of the through hole 20h in the wooden piece 20. The cylindrical side of the connector 30 contacts the wooden piece 20, one end face contacts the steel material 10, and the other end face contacts the pressure plate 50. When placing the connector 30 inside the through-hole 20h of the wooden piece 20, press-fitting is preferably used. This reliably prevents rattle from occurring between the wooden piece 20 and the connector 30. In this embodiment, the connector 30 is cylindrical. The joining means 40 is placed inside the cylinder. As long as there is enough space to place the joining means 40, the connector 30 does not have to be cylindrical and can be polygonal. SS400 is preferably used for the connector 30.

When the connector 30 is placed inside the through-hole 20h of the wooden piece 20, one end of the connector 30 contacts the steel material 10, while the other end protrudes from the through-hole 20h. Furthermore, one end of the connector 30 is placed flush with the wooden piece 20. As a result, when the wooden piece 20 is placed on the side surface in the thickness direction D1, one end of the tubular connector 30 contacts the steel material 10. The side surface where the connector 30 and the steel material 10 contact is referred to as the friction surface 12. The coefficient of slip of the friction surface 12 is set to be 0.4 or greater.

The end of the connector 30 facing the pressure plate 50 is chamfered. Hereinafter, this portion will be referred to as the chamfered portion 31. If the connector 30 does not have the chamfered portion 31, the contact area with the pressure plate 50 can be secured, but when inserting the connector 30 into the wooden piece 20, the edge of the connector 30 may interfere with the interior of the through-hole 20h in the wooden piece 20, damaging the inner surface of the through-hole 20h. Providing the chamfered portion 31 avoids this problem.

As shown in FIG. 3, at least a portion of the chamfered portion 31 is located inside the through hole 20h. In other words, the remaining portion protrudes from the through hole 20h in the wooden piece 20. As a result, as shown in FIG. 3, a gap is formed between the first surface B1, which is the surface of the pressing plate 50 that contacts the connector 30, and the second surface B2, which is the end face of the through hole 20h (the surface of the wooden piece 20). Hereinafter, this gap will be referred to as the non-transmission region B.

As shown in FIG. 3 , the non-transmission area B is provided across the entire area between the second surface B2, which is the surface of the wooden piece 20, and the first surface B1, which is the surface of the pressure plate 50 that contacts the connector 30. In this embodiment, the non-transmission area B is formed by the end of the connector 30 protruding from the through hole 20h of the wooden piece 20 and contacting the pressure plate 50, as described above. This prevents the wooden piece 20 from interfering with the pressure plate 50 and damaging the wooden piece 20. In the non-transmission area B, the dimension between the first surface B1 and the second surface B2 is 0.5 mm or more and 3 mm or less in the thickness direction D1. To more reliably prevent damage to the wooden piece 20, a cushioning material C, such as an elastic material such as rubber or sponge, may be placed in the non-transmission area B. The cushioning material C may be placed in the entire non-transmission area B. The cushioning material C may also be placed in only a portion of the non-transmission area B.

The joining means 40 penetrates the steel material 10 and the connector 30 in the thickness direction D1, and sandwiches the steel material 10 and the connector 30 in the thickness direction D1 to fix the wood 20 and the steel material 10 together. The joining means 40 includes a high-strength bolt 41 and a nut 42.
The high-strength bolts 41 are arranged to pass through the presser plate 50, the cylindrical interior of the connector 30, and the bolt holes 11 in the steel material 10. The high-strength bolts 41 secure the wooden piece 20 to the steel material 10 via the connector 30. The nuts 42 tighten the high-strength bolts 41, thereby securing and integrating the wooden piece 20 and the steel material 10. At this time, it is preferable to manage the torque used to fasten the high-strength bolts 41 and the nuts 42. As shown in FIG. 1 , a plurality of joining means 40 are provided at intervals in the longitudinal direction D3.

The pressure plate 50 is positioned at the other end of the connector 30. Specifically, the pressure plate 50 is positioned between the other end of the connector 30 and the joining means 40 in the thickness direction D1. The pressure plate 50 contacts the end face of the connector 30 so that the axial force of the joining means 40 can be supported by the entire end face of the connector 30. The outer diameter of the pressure plate 50 is set to be at least larger than the outer diameter of the end face of the connector 30 and smaller than the inner diameter of the countersunk hole 20H. A pressure plate 50 with a thickness of 4.5 mm is preferably used.

The splice 60 is placed in a region between two pairs of wooden pieces 20 where no steel material 10 is located. In the first building component 100, the region where no steel material 10 is located refers to the gap between the wooden pieces 20 on both sides of the steel material 10 in the width direction D2. By providing the splice 60 in this region, the steel material 10 is prevented from being exposed on the outer periphery of the first building component 100.

The dimension (thickness) of the splice 60 in the thickness direction D1 is equal to or greater than the dimension (thickness) of the steel material 10 in the thickness direction D1. By using these dimensions, when the wooden piece 20 and the steel material 10 are fastened together by the joining means 40, the wooden piece 20 compresses the splice 60 from both sides in the thickness direction D1. This prevents gaps from forming between the wooden piece 20 and the steel material 10 due to the reaction force generated in the splice 60.

As shown in Figure 2, the joint material 60 is in contact with the steel material 10. Specifically, the joint material 60 is attached so that it is in close contact with the side surface of the steel material 10 in the width direction D2. By attaching it in this manner, the wooden piece 20 and the joint material 60 comprehensively cover the periphery of the steel material 10. This eliminates the gap between the wooden piece 20 and the steel material 10, preventing hot air from entering the gap and creating a structure that makes it difficult for heat to propagate to the steel material 10.

When the splice 60 is attached to the steel material 10 as described above, the following method may be used to smooth the boundary between the wooden piece 20 and the splice 60 on the side surface of the wooden piece 20 in the width direction D2. That is, first, the splice 60 is shaped so that the outer end of the splice 60 in the width direction D2 protrudes from the surface of the wooden piece 20 when attached to the wooden piece 20. After attaching the splice 60 of this shape to the wooden piece 20, the splice 60 may be ground down so that it is flush with the surface of the wooden piece 20.

The joint 60 is attached to the wooden piece 20 by an attachment member 61. As shown in Fig. 2, the attachment member 61 is a screw member such as a screw. That is, the attachment member 61 is attached by screwing it into the wooden piece 20.
Alternatively, the attachment member 61 may be an adhesive. That is, the attachment may be performed by applying an adhesive between the joining material 60 and the wooden material 20 and then pressing the joining material 60 and the wooden material 20 together. The pressing may be performed before joining the wooden material 20 and the steel material 10, or may be performed simultaneously when fastening the wooden material 20 and the steel material 10 together with the joining means 40.

As described above, the connecting member 60 is attached to the wooden piece 20 by the mounting member 61. In other words, in the first building component 100, the wooden piece 20 and the connecting member 60 are separate components. At this time, at least a portion of the mounting member 61 is positioned closer to the steel material 10 than the carbonization area CA of the wooden piece 20. Specifically, this is as follows:

That is, when the mounting members 61 are screw-fit members, as shown in FIG. 2, at least some of the multiple mounting members 61 are disposed closer to the steel material 10 than the carbonized area CA.
If the mounting member 61 is an adhesive, the mounting member 61 is applied at least to the side of the steel material 10 closer to the carbonized area CA.

This attachment method ensures that the attachment member 61 does not lose its functionality even after the charring area CA of the wood 20 has been charred due to a fire or other reason. Furthermore, even if the attachment member 61 does not have special fire resistance, it can still function to attach the joining material 60 to the wood 20. For this reason, if the attachment member 61 is an adhesive, a non-fire-resistant adhesive is preferably used from the standpoint of cost, etc. For example, Bond (registered trademark) for woodworking manufactured by Konishi Co., Ltd. is preferably used. However, to more reliably ensure fire resistance, a fire-resistant adhesive may also be used. For example, Trabond (registered trademark) manufactured by Yoshino Gypsum Co., Ltd. is preferably used as a fire-resistant adhesive.

When attaching the splices 60 to the wooden pieces 20, for example, as shown in Figure 4, the splices 60 are attached to both sides of the steel material 10 in the width direction D2 of one piece of wooden piece 20. This type of attachment is suitable when working with the side in the thickness direction D1 facing upward during the production of the first building component 100.

Alternatively, as shown in Figure 5, the splice 60 on one side of the steel material 10 in the width direction D2 may be attached to one piece of wood 20, and the splice 60 on the other side may be attached to the other piece of wood 20. This type of attachment is suitable when working with the side in the width direction D2 facing upward, because when manufacturing the first building component 100, the splice 60 can be hooked onto the side of the steel material 10 in the width direction D2, allowing the wood 20 to be temporarily positioned relative to the steel material 10.

The wooden plug 70 is used to hide the joining means 40. The wooden plug 70 is placed in a countersunk hole 20H formed in the wooden piece 20. The wooden plug 70 may be press-fitted into the countersunk hole 20H or may be fixed with an adhesive. This prevents the joining means 40 from being exposed on the outer periphery of the building component. This further reduces the possibility of heat being transmitted to the steel material 10.
A portion of the wooden plug 70 is equal to or larger than the dimension in the thickness direction D1 of the carbonized area of the wooden piece 20. By making it such a dimension, the wooden plug 70 can still function as a cover for the joining means 40 as described above, even after the carbonized area CA of the wooden piece 20 is carbonized due to a fire or the like.

When attaching the wooden plug 70 to the wood 20, the following method may be used to smooth the boundary between the wooden plug 70 and the wood 20. That is, first, the wooden plug 70 is shaped so that the outer end of the wooden plug 70 in the thickness direction D1 protrudes from the surface of the wood 20 when attached to the wood 20. After attaching the wooden plug 70 shaped like this to the wood 20, the wooden plug 70 may be scraped so that it is flush with the surface of the wood 20.

(Second building component 200)
Next, the second building member 200 shown in Fig. 6 will be described. In the second building member 200, the same components as those in the first building member 100 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and their description will be omitted, with only the differences being described.
The second building component 200 differs from the first building component 100 in that it has a second piece of wood 220 instead of the wood 20 and does not have a joining member 60, but otherwise has the same configuration.

The second wooden pieces 220 are provided in pairs on both sides of the steel material 10 in the thickness direction D1. The second wooden piece 220 has the same basic structure as the wooden piece 20, but differs from the wooden piece 20 in that it includes second joint members 260 at both ends in the width direction D2. The second joint members 260 are portions that protrude inward in the thickness direction D1 from the side of the second wooden piece 220 that contacts the side of the steel material 10 in the thickness direction D1 at both ends in the width direction D2. The amount of protrusion of the second joint members 260 is at least half the dimension of the steel material 10 in the thickness direction D1. This shape ensures that when the second wooden piece 220 is joined to the steel material 10 by the joining means 40, the second joint members 260 cover both sides of the steel material 10 in the width direction D2. In other words, the steel material 10 is prevented from being exposed on the outer periphery of the second building component 200.

Alternatively, the amount of protrusion may be half or more of the dimension in the thickness direction D1 of the steel material 10. By setting such a dimension, when the second wooden piece 220 and the steel material 10 are fastened together by the joining means 40, the second joint piece 260 is compressed from both sides in the thickness direction D1. This may prevent a gap from being formed between the second wooden piece 220 and the steel material 10 due to a reaction force generated in the second joint piece 260.
6, the second joint member 260 is attached so as to be in close contact with the side surface of the steel material 10 in the width direction D2. By attaching it in this manner, a gap between the second wooden piece 220 and the steel material 10 is eliminated.

In this way, the second joint 260 has the same role as the joint 60 of the first building member 100. The second joint 260 (joint) is part of the second wooden piece 220 (wood). In other words, the second joint 260 is an identical member formed integrally with the second wooden piece 220.
Furthermore, to more reliably eliminate gaps, adhesive or screw members may be placed on the contact surfaces between the second joint members 260. Furthermore, in order to smooth the boundaries between the second joint members 260, the boundaries may be cut after the second wooden piece 220 and the steel material 10 are joined.

(Third building component 300)
Next, a third building member 300 shown in Fig. 7 will be described. In the third building member 300, the same components as those in the first building member 100 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and their description will be omitted, with only the differences being described.
The third building component 300 differs from the first building component 100 in that it comprises a wooden piece 20 and a third wooden piece 320 and does not comprise a joining member 60 .

In the third building component 300, wooden pieces 20 of the same shape are not provided in pairs, but rather a wooden piece 20 is provided on one side of the steel material 10 in the thickness direction D1, and a third wooden piece 320 is provided on the other side.
The third wooden piece 320 has the same basic structure as the wooden piece 20, but differs from the wooden piece 20 in that it includes third joint pieces 360 at both ends in the width direction D2. The third joint pieces 360 are portions that protrude inward in the thickness direction D1 from the side of the third wooden piece 320 that contacts the side of the steel material 10 in the thickness direction D1 at both ends in the width direction D2. The amount of protrusion of the third joint piece 360 is at least equal to the dimension of the steel material 10 in the thickness direction D1. By adopting this shape, when the wooden piece 20 and the third wooden piece 320 are joined to the steel material 10 by the joining means 40, the third joint piece 360 covers both sides of the steel material 10 in the width direction D2. In other words, the steel material 10 is prevented from being exposed on the outer peripheral surface of the third building component 300.

Alternatively, the amount of protrusion may be equal to or greater than the dimension in the thickness direction D1 of the steel material 10. By setting such a dimension, when the wooden piece 20, the third wooden piece 320, and the steel material 10 are fastened together by the joining means 40, the third joint piece 360 is compressed from both sides in the thickness direction D1. This may prevent gaps from being generated between the wooden piece 20, the third wooden piece 320, and the steel material 10 due to a reaction force generated in the third joint piece 360.
7, the third joint member 360 is attached so as to be in close contact with the side surface of the steel material 10 in the width direction D2. By attaching it in this manner, a gap between the third wooden piece 320 and the steel material 10 is eliminated.

In this way, the third joint 360 has the same role as the joint 60 of the first building member 100. The third joint 360 (joint) is part of the third wooden piece 320 (wood). In other words, the third joint 360 is the same member that is integrally formed with the third wooden piece 320.
Furthermore, to more reliably eliminate gaps, adhesive or a screw member may be placed on the contact surface between the wooden piece 20 and the third joint piece 360. Furthermore, in order to smooth the boundary between the wooden piece 20 and the third joint piece 360, the boundary may be cut after the wooden piece 20 and the third wooden piece 320 are joined to the steel material 10.

(Manufacturing method of building components)
Next, a manufacturing method of a building member according to this embodiment will be described. In the following, when there is no need to distinguish between the wooden piece 20, the second wooden piece 220, and the third wooden piece 320, they will all be referred to as the wooden piece 20.
The manufacturing method according to this embodiment includes a first step, a second step, and a joining step.
The first step is a step of placing the connector 30 on the wooden piece 20. Specifically, the first step includes a chamfering and fixing step, a temporary placement step, a press-fitting step, and a protrusion amount confirmation step.

In the chamfering step, the connector 30 is chamfered. At this time, the chamfering of the connector 30 is performed only on the end portion on the pressing plate 50 side.
In the temporary placement step, the connector 30 is temporarily placed on the wooden piece 20, the second wooden piece 220, or the third wooden piece 320. When press-fitting the connector 30 into the through-hole 20h, as shown in FIG. 8 , the connector 30 is inserted from the side of the wooden piece 20 facing the steel material 10. The connector 30 is also inserted into the opening of the through-hole 20h from the side where the chamfered portion 31 is formed. This ensures that after the connector 30 is inserted into the wooden piece 20, the chamfered portion 31 is located on the side of the wooden piece 20 that does not face the steel material 10. This prevents the end of the connector 30 from interfering with the inner circumferential surface of the through-hole 20h and damaging the inner circumferential surface of the through-hole 20h, and also ensures that the positional relationship between the presser plate 50 and the chamfered portion of the connector 30 is as described above.

In the press-fitting step, the connector 30 is press-fitted into the wooden piece 20 using a press-fitting machine. At this time, it is important to ensure that the cylindrical central axis of the connector 30 and the central axis of the through-hole 20h of the wooden piece 20 are always parallel to each other.
In the protrusion amount confirmation step, the protrusion amount of the connector 30 from the surface of the wooden piece 20 is confirmed. This ensures that the non-transmission area B is formed when the pressing plate 50 is placed due to the positional relationship between the end of the connector 30 and the surface of the wooden piece 20.

After the first step, the second step is performed. The second step is a step of attaching the joint 60 to the wooden piece 20. This step is omitted for the second wooden piece 220 integrally formed with the third joint 360 and the third wooden piece 320 integrally formed with the third joint 360.
The second step includes a determination step and an attachment step.
The determination process is a process of determining the attachment location of the splice 60 according to the posture of the wooden piece 20. For example, first, the positions of the through holes 20h or countersunk holes 20H in the wooden piece 20 are grasped using a camera or the like to determine the posture of the wooden piece 20. Next, the surface of the wooden piece 20 on which the through holes 20h are located is determined, and both ends of that surface in the width direction D2 are determined as the attachment locations of the splice 60.

In the attachment process, the splice 60 is attached to the wooden piece 20. Specifically, the splice 60 is attached to the attachment location determined in the determination process using the attachment member 61. At this time, the attachment member 61 is positioned inside the carbonization area as described above. This ensures that the attachment member 61 does not lose its functionality even after the wooden piece 20 has been carbonized.

The joining process is a process of joining wooden pieces 20 and steel materials 10. Specifically, in the first building component 100, wooden pieces 20 are joined together, in the second building component 200, second wooden pieces 220 are joined together, and in the third building component 300, wooden pieces 20 and third wooden pieces 320 are joined by fastening the high-strength bolts 41 and nuts 42 of the joining means 40.

In the joining process, the wood material 20 with the connector 30 pressed into it and the steel material 10 are fastened together using the joining means 40. The joining process includes a first fastening process, in which the fastening force of the joining means 40 is controlled by a predetermined torque amount, and a second fastening process, in which the tightening amount of the joining means 40 is controlled by a predetermined rotation angle. The axial force applied to the joining means 40 is controlled by tightening the joining means 40 with a predetermined torque in the first fastening process. The tightening amount is controlled in the second fastening process.

A specific example of quality control for building components using the above primary and secondary fastening processes is as follows: First, a nut 42 is attached to the tip of the high-strength bolt 41 of the joining means 40, which penetrates the wood 20 via the connector 30, and primary fastening is performed with a predetermined fastening torque (primary fastening process). This ensures a constant axial force applied to the joining means 40 during the mass production process of building components. Next, final fastening is performed with a predetermined rotation angle (secondary fastening process). The predetermined rotation angle is, for example, 120°. This ensures the axial force required for the design of the building component. Building components are manufactured using the above process.

As described above, in the building component according to this embodiment, the splice 60 is provided in the portion between the two pieces of wood 20 where the steel material 10 is not placed. This prevents the steel material 10 from being exposed on the outer periphery of the building component. Furthermore, by eliminating the gap between the pieces of wood 20 and the steel material 10, it is possible to prevent hot air from entering through the gap, resulting in a structure in which heat is less likely to propagate to the steel material 10. This can contribute to improving fire resistance.

The thickness of the splice 60 is equal to or greater than the thickness of the steel material 10. As a result, when joining the wooden piece 20 and the steel material 10, the wooden piece 20 compresses the splice 60 from both sides in the thickness direction D1. Therefore, the reaction force generated in the splice 60 more reliably prevents gaps from forming between the wooden piece 20 and the steel material 10.

The connecting material 60 is in contact with the steel material 10. Here, the wood 20 is arranged on both sides of the steel material 10 in the thickness direction D1. Therefore, the connecting material 60 is in contact with the side of the steel material 10 in the width direction D2, so that the periphery of the steel material 10 can be comprehensively covered. This makes it possible to create a structure that makes it more difficult for heat to propagate to the steel material 10.

The splice 60 is also part of the wooden piece 20. In other words, the splice 60 and the wooden piece 20 are integrally molded into the same component. This reduces the number of components, improving material yield and facilitating the assembly of building components.

The splice 60 is attached to the wooden piece 20 by the mounting member 61. In other words, the splice 60 is a separate component from the wooden piece 20. This allows for efficient dimensional control of the splice 60 and efficient positioning of the wooden piece 20 and the splice 60. A portion of the mounting member 61 is positioned closer to the steel material 10 than the charring area CA of the wooden piece 20. Here, the charring area CA refers to the area on the outer surface of the wooden piece 20 where charring is expected to occur in the event of a fire. By attaching a portion of the mounting member 61 closer to the steel material 10 than the charring area CA of the wooden piece 20, it is possible to prevent the mounting member 61 from falling off the building component even if the wooden piece 20 is charred. This contributes to improved fire resistance.

The mounting member 61 is a screw-type member that bites into the wooden piece 20. In other words, the mounting member 61 is located inside the fixed wooden piece 20 and the connecting member 60. This prevents gaps from forming between the wooden piece 20 and the steel material 10.

The mounting member 61 is also made of a non-fireproof adhesive. As mentioned above, at least a portion of the mounting member 61 is positioned closer to the steel material 10 than the carbonization area CA. Therefore, the splice member 60 can be fixed to the wood 20 without using a fireproof adhesive. This reduces costs compared to using a fireproof adhesive.

In addition, the connector 30, pressure plate 50, and high-strength bolts are hidden by wooden plugs 70. This prevents the connector 30, pressure plate 50, and high-strength bolts from being exposed on the outer surface of the building component. This further reduces the possibility of heat being transmitted to the steel material 10.

In addition, a portion of the wooden plug 70 is positioned closer to the steel material 10 than the carbonization area CA of the wooden material 20. This ensures that at least a portion of the wooden plug 70 does not carbonize even after the carbonization area CA has carbonized. This prevents the joining means 40 from being exposed on the outer surface of the building component, even after the wooden material 20 has carbonized. This further contributes to improved fire resistance.

The method also includes a discrimination process that determines the attachment location of the splice 60 based on the posture of the wooden piece 20, an attachment process that attaches the splice 60 to the wooden piece 20, and a joining process that joins the wooden piece 20 and the steel material 10. The discrimination process reliably prevents incorrect assembly of the splice 60. The attachment process and the joining process are separate processes. In other words, the joining process is performed with the splice 60 already positioned on the wooden piece 20. Therefore, by joining the wooden piece 20 and the steel material 10 with the positions of the splice 60 reliably aligned, gaps can be more reliably prevented from occurring between the wooden piece 20, the splice 60, and the steel material 10.

In addition, the attachment process positions the attachment member 61 inside the carbonization area CA. This allows the attachment member 61 to maintain its functionality even after the wood 20 has been carbonized. This more reliably prevents heat from being transmitted to the steel material 10.

The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
For example, although the third joint member 360 has been described as being provided on both ends of the third wooden piece 320 in the width direction D2, this is not limiting. For example, a shape corresponding to the third joint member 360 may be formed on only one end of the wooden piece 20 in the width direction D2. By providing a pair of wooden pieces 20 having such a shape, the wooden pieces 20 attached to the side surfaces of the steel material 10 in the thickness direction D1 may have the same shape.

In addition, the components in the above embodiments may be replaced with well-known components as appropriate, and the above-described modifications may be combined as appropriate, without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

10 Steel material 20 Wood material 20h Through hole 30 Connector 40 Joining means 50 Plate 60 Joint material 61 Mounting member 70 Wooden plug CA Carbonization range D1 Direction D2 Width direction

Claims (8)

Two pieces of wood with holes in each,
A plate-shaped steel material sandwiched between the two pieces of wood;
a plurality of hollow connectors each having an outer diameter larger than an inner diameter of the through hole, the hollow connectors being press-fitted into the through hole and one end of which contacts the steel material;
a presser plate disposed on the other end of the connector;
a high-strength bolt that passes through the pressing plate, the connector, and the steel material and fixes the wood to the steel material via the connector;
Equipped with
The connector, the pressure plate, and the high-strength bolt are hidden by wooden plugs.
A portion of the wooden plug is disposed closer to the steel material than the carbonization range of the wood,
A joint is provided in a portion where no steel material is placed between the two wooden pieces.
Building materials. The building component described in claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of the joining material is equal to or greater than the thickness of the steel material. The joining material is in contact with the steel material.
3. A building component according to claim 1 or 2. The joining material is a part of the wood.
A building component according to any one of claims 1 to 3. The joining material is attached to the wood by an attachment member, and at least a portion of the attachment member is positioned closer to the steel material than the carbonized area of the wood.
A building component according to any one of claims 1 to 3. The attachment member is a screw member that is screwed into the wood.
6. A building component according to claim 5. The mounting member is a non-fireproof adhesive.
6. A building component according to claim 5. A method for manufacturing a building member according to any one of claims 5 to 7,
a determining step of determining the attachment location of the joining member based on the posture of the wood;
an attachment step of attaching the splice to the wood;
a joining step of joining the wood and the steel material;
Equipped with
The attaching step is characterized in that the attaching member is disposed inside the carbonized area .
Manufacturing methods for building components.