JP7792386B2 - Energy Recovery Device - Google Patents
Energy Recovery DeviceInfo
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- JP7792386B2 JP7792386B2 JP2023174061A JP2023174061A JP7792386B2 JP 7792386 B2 JP7792386 B2 JP 7792386B2 JP 2023174061 A JP2023174061 A JP 2023174061A JP 2023174061 A JP2023174061 A JP 2023174061A JP 7792386 B2 JP7792386 B2 JP 7792386B2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis
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- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Description
本発明は、汽水等の淡水化等に用いられる低圧力の逆浸透膜法による水処理システムのエネルギー回収装置に関する。 The present invention relates to an energy recovery device for a water treatment system using a low-pressure reverse osmosis membrane method, which is used for desalination of brackish water, etc.
海水から淡水を造水する方法の一つとして、逆浸透法が知られている。この逆浸透法は、海水に海水の浸透圧（約２．５～８ＭＰａ）程度の高い圧力を浸透圧の作用する方向と逆方向に加えて半透膜（逆浸透膜）でろ過し、塩類と淡水とを分離するものである。この逆浸透法において、淡水が分離されて塩類が濃縮された海水（濃縮塩水）は、高い圧力エネルギーを保持したまま逆浸透膜モジュールから流出する。この流出する濃縮塩水の有する高い圧力エネルギーを有効に利用するため、種々のエネルギー回収装置が実用化されている。 Reverse osmosis is known as one method for producing freshwater from seawater. In this method, high pressure, comparable to the osmotic pressure of seawater (approximately 2.5 to 8 MPa), is applied to seawater in the direction opposite to the osmotic pressure, and the seawater is filtered through a semipermeable membrane (reverse osmosis membrane) to separate salts from freshwater. In this method, the seawater from which the freshwater has been separated and the salts have been concentrated (concentrated brine) flows out of the reverse osmosis membrane module while retaining its high pressure energy. To effectively utilize the high pressure energy of this outflowing concentrated brine, various energy recovery devices have been put into practical use.
このエネルギー回収装置では、取水ポンプから送水される海水を高圧ポンプで加圧して逆浸透膜モジュールに供給すると共に、逆浸透膜モジュールから排出される高圧の濃縮海水をシリンダ装置に供給して高圧で海水を押し出すピストンを駆動し、シリンダ装置からも増圧ポンプを介して高圧海水を逆浸透膜モジュールに送っている。この逆浸透膜モジュールから排出される高圧の濃縮海水をシリンダ装置に供給して高圧で海水を押し出すピストンを駆動する操作を圧送工程（又はエネルギー回収工程）と称している。
また、圧送工程終了後、取水ポンプから流路方向規制装置を介してシリンダ装置に海水を供給し、圧送工程と逆方向にピストンを駆動することで濃縮海水を排出しながら海水を充填する操作を充填工程（又は給水工程）と称している。
このようにこのエネルギー回収装置では、シリンダ装置のピストンがシリンダの端部に達した際に流路切換装置によって逆浸透膜モジュールからの高圧濃縮海水を一対のシリンダ装置に交互に供給すると共に取水ポンプから一対のシリンダ装置に交互に海水を充填するように制御を行っている。
In this energy recovery system, seawater delivered from a water intake pump is pressurized by a high-pressure pump and supplied to a reverse osmosis membrane module, and high-pressure concentrated seawater discharged from the reverse osmosis membrane module is supplied to a cylinder device to drive a piston that pushes out the seawater at high pressure, and high-pressure seawater is also sent from the cylinder device to the reverse osmosis membrane module via a booster pump. This operation of supplying high-pressure concentrated seawater discharged from the reverse osmosis membrane module to the cylinder device and driving the piston that pushes out the seawater at high pressure is called the pumping process (or energy recovery process).
In addition, after the pumping process is completed, seawater is supplied from the water intake pump to the cylinder device via the flow path direction control device, and the operation of filling seawater while discharging concentrated seawater by driving the piston in the direction opposite to the pumping process is called the filling process (or water supply process).
In this way, in this energy recovery device, when the piston of the cylinder device reaches the end of the cylinder, the flow path switching device controls so that high-pressure concentrated seawater from the reverse osmosis membrane module is alternately supplied to a pair of cylinder devices, and seawater is alternately filled into the pair of cylinder devices from the water intake pump.
従来、例えば特許文献１には、制御部が、第１シリンダ装置又は第２シリンダ装置の一端と排水管とが連通される時に切換用シリンダ装置の排水側ピストンの移動速度を減速させて緩やかに連通を開始させると共に、第１シリンダ装置又は第２シリンダ装置の一端と排水管との連通が遮断される時に切換用シリンダ装置の排水側ピストンの移動速度を減速させて緩やかに連通を遮断させるエネルギー回収装置が記載されている。この装置では、排水管との連通の際に、シリンダ装置内の残圧を緩やかに開放させる共に、遮断の際に、切換用シリンダ装置の排水側ピストンの移動速度を制御して第１シリンダ装置又は第２シリンダ装置からの排出流量を緩やかに減少させることで、ウォーターハンマー（圧力上昇現象（水撃現象））による衝撃音の発生を防止することができる。 For example, Patent Document 1 describes a conventional energy recovery device in which a control unit slows down the movement speed of the drain side piston of a switching cylinder device when one end of a first cylinder device or a second cylinder device is connected to a drain pipe, thereby gradually opening the connection, and slows down the movement speed of the drain side piston of the switching cylinder device when communication between one end of the first cylinder device or a second cylinder device and the drain pipe is interrupted, thereby gradually interrupting the connection. This device gently releases residual pressure within the cylinder device when connecting to the drain pipe, and controls the movement speed of the drain side piston of the switching cylinder device to gently reduce the discharge flow rate from the first cylinder device or a second cylinder device when interrupting communication, thereby preventing the impact noise caused by water hammer (pressure rise phenomenon (water hammer phenomenon)).
上記従来の技術において、以下の課題が残されている。
すなわち、上記従来の技術では、シリンダとピストンとを有する切換用シリンダ装置の排出側ピストンの移動速度を制御することで第１シリンダ装置又は第２シリンダ装置からの衝撃音の発生を防止しているが、構造が複雑で高価な切換用シリンダ装置を採用するため高コストであるという問題があった。特に、海水以外の塩分を含む水、例えば汽水，地下水又は工業用水等の淡水化を行う場合、浸透圧が２．５ＭＰａ以下と低いため、低圧(ここでは中圧と記す)でもエネルギー回収が可能であり、かつ低コストの装置が望まれている。
The above-mentioned conventional techniques still have the following problems.
In other words, in the above-mentioned conventional technology, the generation of impact noise from the first cylinder device or the second cylinder device is prevented by controlling the moving speed of the discharge side piston of a switching cylinder device having a cylinder and a piston, but there is a problem in that the switching cylinder device has a complex structure and is expensive, resulting in high costs. In particular, when desalination of salty water other than seawater, such as brackish water, groundwater, or industrial water, which has a low osmotic pressure of 2.5 MPa or less, a low-cost device that can recover energy even at low pressure (here referred to as medium pressure) is desired.
本発明は、上記従来の問題に鑑みてなされたもので、より低コストで充填工程の終了時における衝撃音の発生を抑制することができるエネルギー回収装置を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention was developed in consideration of the above-mentioned conventional problems, and aims to provide an energy recovery device that can suppress the generation of impact noise at the end of the filling process at a lower cost.
本発明は、前記課題を解決するために以下の構成を採用した。すなわち、第１の発明に係るエネルギー回収装置は、汽水などの中圧希釈塩水を逆浸透膜で淡水と濃縮塩水とに分離し前記淡水を淡水管に排出すると共に中圧の前記濃縮塩水を濃縮水管に排出する膜分離装置に接続されるエネルギー回収装置であって、前記濃縮水管との連通と遮断とを行うと共に前記濃縮塩水の排水管との連通と遮断とを行う第１流路切換機構を介して一端が前記濃縮水管と前記排水管とに接続され、第１シリンダ内を往復移動する第１ピストンを有した第１シリンダ装置と、前記濃縮水管との連通と遮断とを行うと共に排水管との連通と遮断とを行う第２流路切換機構を介して一端が前記濃縮水管と前記排水管とに接続され、第２シリンダ内を往復移動する第２ピストンを有した第２シリンダ装置と、前記第１流路切換機構及び前記第２流路切換機構を制御して前記濃縮水管及び前記排水管に対する前記第１シリンダ装置と前記第２シリンダ装置との接続を切り換え、中圧の前記濃縮塩水を前記第１シリンダ装置と前記第２シリンダ装置とに交互に流し込む制御機能と前記濃縮塩水を前記第１シリンダ装置及び前記第２シリンダ装置から交互に排出する制御機能とを有した制御部と、前記第１シリンダ装置の他端と前記第２シリンダ装置の他端とに接続され、希釈塩水を前記第１シリンダ装置と前記第２シリンダ装置とに交互に供給すると共に、前記第１シリンダ装置と前記第２シリンダ装置とから中圧で交互に押し出される前記希釈塩水を増圧手段を介して前記膜分離装置に戻す流路方向規制機構とを備え、前記第１流路切換機構及び前記第２流路切換機構が、前記第１シリンダ装置又は前記第２シリンダ装置への前記濃縮塩水の供給とその停止及び前記第１シリンダ装置又は前記第２シリンダ装置からの前記濃縮塩水の排出とその停止との切り換えを行う切換用バルブ装置を備え、前記切換用バルブ装置が、前記第１シリンダ装置又は前記第２シリンダ装置の一端と前記濃縮水管とを接続する濃縮側接続管に設けられた濃縮側バルブと、前記第１シリンダ装置又は前記第２シリンダ装置の一端と前記排水管とを接続する排水側接続管に設けられた排水側バルブとを有し、前記制御部が、前記第１流路切換機又は前記第２流路切換機構を制御して、前記第１シリンダ装置又は前記第２シリンダ装置の一端と前記排水管との連通が遮断される時に前記排水側バルブを緩やかに又は段階的に閉じて連通を遮断させることを特徴とする。 The present invention employs the following configuration to solve the above-mentioned problems. Specifically, the energy recovery device according to the first aspect of the invention is an energy recovery device connected to a membrane separation device that separates medium-pressure diluted brine, such as brackish water, into fresh water and concentrated brine using a reverse osmosis membrane and discharges the fresh water into a fresh water pipe and the medium-pressure concentrated brine into a concentrated water pipe. The energy recovery device includes a first cylinder device having a first piston that reciprocates within a first cylinder, one end of which is connected to the concentrated water pipe and the drain pipe via a first flow path switching mechanism that connects and disconnects the concentrated water pipe and the drain pipe, and a second cylinder device that connects and disconnects the concentrated water pipe and the drain pipe. a second cylinder device having a second piston that is connected at one end to the concentrated water pipe and the drain pipe via a second flow path switching mechanism that performs the above-mentioned operation and that reciprocates within a second cylinder; a control unit that controls the first flow path switching mechanism and the second flow path switching mechanism to switch the connection of the first cylinder device and the second cylinder device to the concentrated water pipe and the drain pipe, and has a control function of alternately flowing the concentrated brine at medium pressure into the first cylinder device and the second cylinder device and a control function of alternately discharging the concentrated brine from the first cylinder device and the second cylinder device; and and the other end of the second cylinder device, and a flow path direction regulating mechanism that alternately supplies diluted brine to the first cylinder device and the second cylinder device, and returns the diluted brine alternately pushed out at a medium pressure from the first cylinder device and the second cylinder device to the membrane separation device via a pressure increasing means, and the first flow path switching mechanism and the second flow path switching mechanism are switching valves that switch between supplying and stopping the concentrated brine to the first cylinder device or the second cylinder device and discharging and stopping the concentrated brine from the first cylinder device or the second cylinder device. The system is characterized in that it is equipped with a lubrication device, and the switching valve device has a concentration side valve provided in a concentration side connecting pipe connecting one end of the first cylinder device or the second cylinder device to the concentrated water pipe, and a drain side valve provided in a drain side connecting pipe connecting one end of the first cylinder device or the second cylinder device to the drain pipe, and the control unit controls the first flow path switching mechanism or the second flow path switching mechanism to gradually or gradually close the drain side valve when communication between one end of the first cylinder device or the second cylinder device and the drain pipe is cut off, thereby cutting off communication.
このエネルギー回収装置では、制御部が、第１流路切換機又は第２流路切換機構を制御して、第１シリンダ装置又は第２シリンダ装置の一端と排水管との連通が遮断される時に排水側バルブを緩やかに又は段階的に閉じて連通を遮断させるので、遮断の際に、シリンダ装置からの排出流量を緩やかに減少させることで、ウォーターハンマーによる衝撃音の発生を防止することができる。特に、従来は、構造が複雑で高価なシリンダ及びピストンを使用した切換用シリンダ装置を採用しているために高コストになっていたが、本発明では、シリンダ装置よりもシンプルな構造で安価となるバルブを使用した切換用バルブ装置を採用するために、低コスト化することができる。 In this energy recovery device, the control unit controls the first flow path switching device or the second flow path switching mechanism to gradually or gradually close the drain side valve to block communication when communication between one end of the first cylinder device or the second cylinder device and the drain pipe is blocked. By gradually reducing the discharge flow rate from the cylinder device when the communication is blocked, the impact noise caused by water hammer can be prevented. In particular, while conventional systems have been expensive due to the use of switching cylinder devices that use complex and expensive cylinders and pistons, the present invention uses a switching valve device that uses a valve that has a simpler structure and is less expensive than a cylinder device, thereby reducing costs.
第２の発明に係るエネルギー回収装置は、第１の発明において、前記排水側バルブ及び前記濃縮側バルブが、ボール弁であることを特徴とする。
すなわち、このエネルギー回収装置では、排水側バルブ及び濃縮側バルブが、ボール弁であるので、簡易な構造で安価なボール弁によって、より低コスト化することができる。また、ボール弁は、空気弁などに用いられるものが採用可能であり、従来の切換用シリンダ装置に比べて保守・点検が容易であって、電磁弁の開閉だけで容易に制御が可能になる。
The energy recovery apparatus according to a second aspect of the present invention is the energy recovery apparatus according to the first aspect of the present invention, characterized in that the discharge side valve and the concentrate side valve are ball valves.
In other words, in this energy recovery system, the discharge side valve and the concentration side valve are ball valves, which are inexpensive and have a simple structure, allowing for further cost reductions. Furthermore, the ball valves used in air valves and the like can be used, which makes maintenance and inspection easier than conventional switching cylinder devices, and allows for easy control by simply opening and closing the solenoid valve.
第３の発明に係るエネルギー回収装置は、第１又は第２の発明において、前記制御部が、前記排水側バルブを前記段階的に閉じる際、全開から全閉まで開度を変える途中で一時的に中間的な開度で止めることを特徴とする。
すなわち、このエネルギー回収装置では、制御部が、排水側バルブを段階的に閉じる際、全開から全閉まで開度を変える途中で一時的に中間的な開度で止めるので、開度を２ステップで変化させる簡易な制御で衝撃音の発生を防止することができる。
The energy recovery device of the third invention is characterized in that, in the first or second invention, when the control unit gradually closes the drain side valve, it temporarily stops it at an intermediate opening degree while changing the opening degree from fully open to fully closed.
In other words, in this energy recovery device, when the control unit gradually closes the drain side valve, it temporarily stops it at an intermediate opening while changing the opening from fully open to fully closed, so that the generation of impact noise can be prevented by simple control that changes the opening in two steps.
第４の発明に係るエネルギー回収装置は、第１又は第２の発明において、前記中圧希釈塩水が、汽水，地下水又は工業用水であることを特徴とする。
すなわち、このエネルギー回収装置では、中圧希釈塩水が、汽水，地下水又は工業用水であるので、膜分離装置への入口圧力が２．５ＭＰａ以下と比較的小さい汽水，地下水又は工業用水を低コストな装置で淡水化することができる。
The energy recovery system according to a fourth aspect of the present invention is the energy recovery system according to the first or second aspect of the present invention, characterized in that the medium-pressure diluted salt water is brackish water, groundwater, or industrial water.
In other words, in this energy recovery device, the medium-pressure diluted salt water is brackish water, groundwater, or industrial water, so brackish water, groundwater, or industrial water with a relatively low inlet pressure of 2.5 MPa or less to the membrane separation device can be desalinated using a low-cost device.
本発明によれば、以下の効果を奏する。
すなわち、本発明によるエネルギー回収装置によれば、制御部が、第１流路切換機又は第２流路切換機構を制御して、第１シリンダ装置又は第２シリンダ装置の一端と排水管との連通が遮断される時に排水側バルブを緩やかに又は段階的に閉じて連通を遮断させるで、従来よりも低コストな構成で衝撃音の発生を防止することができる。
したがって、本発明のエネルギー回収装置では、特に中圧希釈塩水が、汽水，地下水又は工業用水である場合に、低コストに淡水化を行うことに好適である。
According to the present invention, the following effects are achieved.
In other words, according to the energy recovery device of the present invention, the control unit controls the first flow path switching device or the second flow path switching mechanism so that when communication between one end of the first cylinder device or the second cylinder device and the drain pipe is cut off, the drain side valve is closed gradually or gradually to cut off the communication, thereby preventing the generation of impact noise with a configuration that is lower cost than conventional configurations.
Therefore, the energy recovery device of the present invention is suitable for desalination at low cost, particularly when the medium-pressure diluted salt water is brackish water, groundwater, or industrial water.
以下、本発明におけるエネルギー回収装置の一実施形態を、図１から図４に基づいて説明する。 One embodiment of the energy recovery device of the present invention will be described below with reference to Figures 1 to 4.
本実施形態におけるエネルギー回収装置１は、図１から図４に示すように、塩分を含む例えば汽水，地下水又は工業用水である中圧希釈塩水の供給管２ａに接続され中圧希釈塩水を逆浸透膜で淡水と濃縮塩水とに分離し淡水を淡水管３に排出すると共に中圧の濃縮塩水を濃縮水管４に排出する膜分離装置５に接続されるエネルギー回収装置である。 As shown in Figures 1 to 4, the energy recovery device 1 in this embodiment is connected to a supply pipe 2a for medium-pressure diluted brine, which is salt-containing water such as brackish water, groundwater, or industrial water, and is connected to a membrane separation device 5 that separates the medium-pressure diluted brine into fresh water and concentrated brine using a reverse osmosis membrane, discharging the fresh water into a fresh water pipe 3 and discharging the medium-pressure concentrated brine into a concentrated water pipe 4.
このエネルギー回収装置１は、濃縮水管４との連通と遮断とを行うと共に濃縮塩水の排水管１９との連通と遮断とを行う第１流路切換機構６Ａを介して一端が濃縮水管４と排水管１９とに接続され、第１シリンダ７Ａ内を往復移動する第１ピストン８Ａを有した第１シリンダ装置９Ａと、濃縮水管４との連通と遮断とを行うと共に排水管１９との連通と遮断とを行う第２流路切換機構６Ｂを介して一端が濃縮水管４と排水管１９とに接続され、第２シリンダ７Ｂ内を往復移動する第２ピストン８Ｂを有した第２シリンダ装置９Ｂと、第１流路切換機構６Ａ及び第２流路切換機構６Ｂを制御して濃縮水管４及び排水管１９に対する第１シリンダ装置９Ａと第２シリンダ装置９Ｂとの接続を切り換え、高圧の濃縮塩水を第１シリンダ装置９Ａと第２シリンダ装置９Ｂとに交互に流し込む制御機能と濃縮塩水を第１シリンダ装置９Ａ及び第２シリンダ装置９Ｂから交互に排出する制御機能とを有した制御部Ｃと、第１シリンダ装置９Ａの他端と第２シリンダ装置９Ｂの他端とに接続され、海水を第１シリンダ装置９Ａと第２シリンダ装置９Ｂとに交互に供給すると共に、第１シリンダ装置９Ａと第２シリンダ装置９Ｂとから高圧で交互に押し出される海水を増圧手段１０を介して膜分離装置５に戻す流路方向規制機構１１とを備えている。 This energy recovery device 1 comprises a first cylinder device 9A having a first piston 8A that reciprocates within a first cylinder 7A and is connected at one end to the concentrated water pipe 4 and the drain pipe 19 via a first flow path switching mechanism 6A that connects and disconnects the concentrated water pipe 4 and the drain pipe 19 for concentrated brine; a second cylinder device 9B having a second piston 8B that reciprocates within a second cylinder 7B and is connected at one end to the concentrated water pipe 4 and the drain pipe 19 via a second flow path switching mechanism 6B that connects and disconnects the concentrated water pipe 4 and the drain pipe 19; and a second cylinder device 9B that controls the first flow path switching mechanism 6A and the second flow path switching mechanism 6B to connect and disconnect the concentrated water pipe 4 and the drain pipe 19. The system is equipped with a control unit C that switches the connection between the first cylinder device 9A and the second cylinder device 9B to the membrane separation device 5, and has the control function of alternately flowing high-pressure concentrated brine into the first cylinder device 9A and the second cylinder device 9B and alternately discharging concentrated brine from the first cylinder device 9A and the second cylinder device 9B, and a flow path direction control mechanism 11 that is connected to the other end of the first cylinder device 9A and the other end of the second cylinder device 9B and alternately supplies seawater to the first cylinder device 9A and the second cylinder device 9B, and returns seawater alternately pushed out at high pressure from the first cylinder device 9A and the second cylinder device 9B to the membrane separation device 5 via the pressure booster 10.
なお、供給管２ａの基端側には加圧ポンプ３３が、また供給管２ａに接続された送水管２ｂの基端側には、取水ポンプ１２がそれぞれ接続されている。
また、濃縮水管４は、途中で分岐されて第１流路切換機構６Ａと第２流路切換機構６Ｂとに接続されている。
上記第１流路切換機構６Ａ及び第２流路切換機構６Ｂは、第１シリンダ装置９Ａ又は第２シリンダ装置９Ｂへの濃縮塩水の供給とその停止及び第１シリンダ装置９Ａ又は第２シリンダ装置９Ｂからの濃縮塩水の排出とその停止との切り換えを行う切換用バルブ装置１３を備えている。
A pressure pump 33 is connected to the base end of the supply pipe 2a, and a water intake pump 12 is connected to the base end of the water supply pipe 2b connected to the supply pipe 2a.
The concentrated water pipe 4 is branched midway and connected to a first flow path switching mechanism 6A and a second flow path switching mechanism 6B.
The first flow path switching mechanism 6A and the second flow path switching mechanism 6B are equipped with a switching valve device 13 that switches between supplying and stopping concentrated brine to the first cylinder device 9A or the second cylinder device 9B, and discharging and stopping concentrated brine from the first cylinder device 9A or the second cylinder device 9B.
上記切換用バルブ装置１３は、第１シリンダ装置９Ａ又は第２シリンダ装置９Ｂの一端と濃縮水管４とを接続する濃縮側接続管１３ａに設けられた濃縮側バルブ１４と、第１シリンダ装置９Ａ又は第２シリンダ装置９Ｂの一端と排水管１９とを接続する排水側接続管１３ｂに設けられた排水側バルブ１５とを有している。
本実施形態では、第１シリンダ装置９Ａ及び第２シリンダ装置９Ｂのそれぞれの一端に切換用バルブ装置１３が接続されている。
The switching valve device 13 has a concentration side valve 14 provided on a concentration side connecting pipe 13a that connects one end of the first cylinder device 9A or the second cylinder device 9B to the concentrated water pipe 4, and a drainage side valve 15 provided on a drainage side connecting pipe 13b that connects one end of the first cylinder device 9A or the second cylinder device 9B to the drainage pipe 19.
In this embodiment, a switching valve device 13 is connected to one end of each of the first cylinder device 9A and the second cylinder device 9B.
上記制御部Ｃは、第１流路切換機構６Ａ又は第２流路切換機構６Ｂを制御して、第１シリンダ装置９Ａ又は第２シリンダ装置９Ｂの一端と排水管１９との連通が遮断される時に排水側バルブ１５を緩やかに又は段階的に閉じて連通を遮断させる機能を有している。
この制御部Ｃは、第１シリンダ７Ａ及び第２シリンダ７Ｂの他端近傍に設けられ第１ピストン８Ａ又は第２ピストン８Ｂが対応する第１シリンダ７Ａ又は第２シリンダ７Ｂの他端近傍に達したことを検出する一対の第１位置検出器Ｓ１と、第１シリンダ７Ａ及び第２シリンダ７Ｂの一端近傍に設けられ第１ピストン８Ａ又は第２ピストン８Ｂが対応する第１シリンダ７Ａ又は第２シリンダ７Ｂの一端近傍に達したことを検出する一対の第３位置検出器Ｓ３とを備えている。
また、制御部Ｃは、一対の第１位置検出器Ｓ１又は一対の第３位置検出器Ｓ３の検出信号に基づいて第１流路切換機構６Ａ及び第２流路切換機構６Ｂを制御する機能を有している。
The control unit C has the function of controlling the first flow path switching mechanism 6A or the second flow path switching mechanism 6B to gradually or gradually close the drain side valve 15 to block communication when communication between one end of the first cylinder device 9A or the second cylinder device 9B and the drain pipe 19 is blocked.
This control unit C is equipped with a pair of first position detectors S1 that are provided near the other ends of the first cylinder 7A and the second cylinder 7B and detect when the first piston 8A or the second piston 8B has reached the vicinity of the other end of the corresponding first cylinder 7A or second cylinder 7B, and a pair of third position detectors S3 that are provided near one end of the first cylinder 7A and the second cylinder 7B and detect when the first piston 8A or the second piston 8B has reached the vicinity of one end of the corresponding first cylinder 7A or second cylinder 7B.
The control unit C also has a function of controlling the first flow path switching mechanism 6A and the second flow path switching mechanism 6B based on the detection signals of the pair of first position detectors S1 or the pair of third position detectors S3.
なお、上記排水側バルブ１５及び濃縮側バルブ１４は、例えばボール弁である。
また、制御部Ｃは、排水側バルブ１５を前記段階的に閉じる際、全開から全閉まで開度を変える途中で一時的に中間的な開度で止める制御を行う。
例えば、排水側バルブ１５の上記中間的な開度が、例えば１５～３０％の範囲で設定され、本実施形態では３０％に設定される。
すなわち、制御部Ｃは、２段開閉式ボール弁である排水側バルブ１５の弁開度を、「全閉－全開－寸開（３０％）－全閉」の動作を繰り返し行う制御を実施する。なお、濃縮側バルブ１４については、「全開－全閉－全開－全閉」の動作を繰り返し行う制御が行われる。
The discharge side valve 15 and the concentration side valve 14 are, for example, ball valves.
Furthermore, when the drain valve 15 is closed in stages, the control unit C performs control to temporarily stop the valve at an intermediate opening while changing the opening from fully open to fully closed.
For example, the intermediate opening of the drain valve 15 is set in the range of 15 to 30%, and in this embodiment is set to 30%.
That is, the control unit C controls the valve opening of the discharge-side valve 15, which is a two-stage opening/closing ball valve, by repeating the operation of "fully closed - fully open - slightly open (30%) - fully closed." Note that the concentration-side valve 14 is controlled by repeating the operation of "fully open - fully closed - fully open - fully closed."
第１シリンダ装置９Ａおよび第２シリンダ装置９Ｂのそれぞれの他端は、４つの逆止弁１１ａで構成された流路方向規制機構１１を介して取水ポンプ１２および増圧手段１０に連通されている。なお、増圧手段１０は、例えば増圧ポンプである。
第１シリンダ装置９Ａの一端は、第１流路切換機構６Ａにおける切換用バルブ装置１３の濃縮側接続管１３ａに連通され、第２シリンダ装置９Ｂの一端は、第２流路切換機構６Ｂにおける切換用バルブ装置１３の排出側接続管１３ｂに連通されている。
The other ends of the first cylinder device 9A and the second cylinder device 9B are connected to a water intake pump 12 and a pressure booster means 10 via a flow path direction regulating mechanism 11 composed of four check valves 11a. The pressure booster means 10 is, for example, a pressure booster pump.
One end of the first cylinder device 9A is connected to the concentration side connecting pipe 13a of the switching valve device 13 in the first flow path switching mechanism 6A, and one end of the second cylinder device 9B is connected to the discharge side connecting pipe 13b of the switching valve device 13 in the second flow path switching mechanism 6B.
上記流路方向規制機構１１は、接続管１１ｂを介して送水管２ｂに接続された環状管１１ｃを有し、この環状管１１ｃに第１シリンダ装置９Ａ及び第２シリンダ装置９Ｂのそれぞれの他端がシリンダ接続管１１ｄを介して接続されている。環状管１１ｃにおいて、シリンダ接続管１１ｄの接続部分の両側には、それぞれ一対の逆止弁１１ａが設けられている。また、環状管１１ｃにおける２つのシリンダ接続管１１ｄの接続部分の間と供給管２ａが、増圧手段１０を介して連結管１１ｅで接続されている。
なお、送水管２ｂの流路方向規制機構１１との接続部と供給管２ａと連結管１１ｅとの接続部との間には、高圧ポンプ３３が接続されている。
The flow path direction regulating mechanism 11 has an annular pipe 11c connected to the water supply pipe 2b via a connecting pipe 11b, and the other ends of the first cylinder device 9A and the second cylinder device 9B are connected to this annular pipe 11c via cylinder connecting pipes 11d. A pair of check valves 11a is provided on each side of the connecting portion of the cylinder connecting pipe 11d in the annular pipe 11c. In addition, the connecting portion of the two cylinder connecting pipes 11d in the annular pipe 11c is connected to the supply pipe 2a by a connecting pipe 11e via a pressure boosting means 10.
A high-pressure pump 33 is connected between the connection of the water supply pipe 2b with the flow path direction regulation mechanism 11 and the connection of the supply pipe 2a with the connecting pipe 11e.
第１シリンダ装置９Ａ及び第２シリンダ装置９Ｂの流路方向規制機構１１側（他端側）の外周壁には、第１位置検出器Ｓ１及び第２位置検出器Ｓ２が配設され、切換用バルブ装置１３側（一端側）の外周壁には、第３位置検出器Ｓ３が配設されている。また、第１位置検出器Ｓ１と第２位置検出器Ｓ２とは、対応する第１ピストン８Ａ又は第２ピストン８Ｂの移動方向に適宜な間隔設定がなされて配設されている。 A first position detector S1 and a second position detector S2 are disposed on the outer peripheral wall of the first cylinder device 9A and the second cylinder device 9B on the flow path direction restriction mechanism 11 side (other end side), and a third position detector S3 is disposed on the outer peripheral wall on the switching valve device 13 side (one end side). Furthermore, the first position detector S1 and the second position detector S2 are disposed with an appropriate distance set in the direction of movement of the corresponding first piston 8A or second piston 8B.
次に、本実施形態のエネルギー回収装置１の動作について、図面を参照して説明する。
まず、図１に示すように、圧送工程にある第１シリンダ装置９Ａの第１ピストン８Ａが実線の矢印の方向に移動している際、制御部Ｃは、第１流路切換機構６Ａの切換用バルブ装置１３の濃縮側バルブ１４を全開状態とすると共に排水側バルブ１５を全閉状態としている。また、制御部Ｃは、第２流路切換機構６Ｂの切換用バルブ装置１３の濃縮側バルブ１４を全閉状態とすると共に排水側バルブ１５を全開状態としている。このとき、第２流路切換機構６Ｂの切換用バルブ装置１３の排水側バルブ１５は全開状態で、第２シリンダ装置９Ｂから濃縮塩水が一定流量で排水管１９に排出されている。
Next, the operation of the energy recovery device 1 of this embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings.
1, when the first piston 8A of the first cylinder device 9A in the pumping process is moving in the direction of the solid arrow, the control unit C fully opens the concentrated-side valve 14 of the switching valve device 13 of the first flow path switching mechanism 6A and fully closes the discharge-side valve 15. The control unit C also fully closes the concentrated-side valve 14 of the switching valve device 13 of the second flow path switching mechanism 6B and fully opens the discharge-side valve 15. At this time, the discharge-side valve 15 of the switching valve device 13 of the second flow path switching mechanism 6B is fully open, and concentrated brine is discharged from the second cylinder device 9B to the discharge pipe 19 at a constant flow rate.
次に、図２に示すように、第２シリンダ装置９Ｂの第２ピストン８Ａが第３位置検出器Ｓ３の位置に到達すると、第３位置検出器Ｓ３から検出信号が制御部Ｃに送信される。この検出信号を制御部Ｃが受信すると、制御部Ｃから第２流路切換機構６Ｂの切換用バルブ装置１３に信号が送信されて排水側バルブ１５が寸開状態とされ、開度が例えば３０％に絞られる。
これにより、排水側バルブ１５から排水管１９への排水流量が減少するため、第２ピストン８Ｂの動作速度が遅くなり、第２ピストン８Ｂが第２シリンダ７Ｂの末端に到達した際に発生する圧力上昇現象（水撃現象）が抑制される。このように、第２シリンダ装置９Ｂは、充填工程の終盤にピストン減速工程の状態となる。
2, when the second piston 8A of the second cylinder device 9B reaches the position of the third position detector S3, a detection signal is sent from the third position detector S3 to the control unit C. When the control unit C receives this detection signal, a signal is sent from the control unit C to the switching valve device 13 of the second flow path switching mechanism 6B, and the drain side valve 15 is set to a slightly open state, and the opening degree is reduced to, for example, 30%.
This reduces the amount of drainage flow from the drain valve 15 to the drain pipe 19, slowing down the operating speed of the second piston 8B and suppressing the pressure rise phenomenon (water hammer phenomenon) that occurs when the second piston 8B reaches the end of the second cylinder 7B. In this way, the second cylinder device 9B enters a piston deceleration process at the end of the filling process.
なお、圧力上昇は、水流速度の二乗（ｖ２／（２×ｇ）：ｖ＝流速（ｍ／ｓ）、ｇ＝重力加速度（９．８ｍ／ｓ２））に比例して発生するので、流速を遅くすることにより圧力上昇を抑制することができる。
上記寸開状態にしてから第２ピストン８Ｂが第２シリンダ７Ｂの末端に到達する一定時間後に、制御部Ｃは排水側バルブ１５を全閉状態にする。
The pressure increase occurs in proportion to the square of the water flow velocity (v 2 /(2×g): v = flow velocity (m/s), g = gravitational acceleration (9.8 m/s 2 )), so the pressure increase can be suppressed by slowing down the flow velocity.
After a certain time has elapsed since the second piston 8B reached the end of the second cylinder 7B after the valve is slightly opened, the control unit C brings the drain valve 15 into a fully closed state.
上記図１及び図２では、第１シリンダ装置９Ａが圧送工程であり、第２シリンダ装置９Ｂが充填工程からピストン減速工程となる場合を示したが、逆に、上記第２シリンダ装置９Ｂが充填工程及びピストン減速工程が完了後、図３及び図４に示すように、第１シリンダ装置９Ａと第２シリンダ装置９Ｂとの状態が入れ替わる。
すなわち、図３及び図４では、第２シリンダ装置９Ｂが圧送工程であり、第１シリンダ装置９Ａが充填工程からピストン減速工程となる場合を示している。
1 and 2 show a case where the first cylinder device 9A is in the pressure-feeding process and the second cylinder device 9B is in the filling process and then the piston deceleration process. However, conversely, after the second cylinder device 9B has completed the filling process and the piston deceleration process, the states of the first cylinder device 9A and the second cylinder device 9B are switched as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.
That is, FIGS. 3 and 4 show a case where the second cylinder device 9B is in the pressure-feeding process, and the first cylinder device 9A is in the piston deceleration process from the filling process.
したがって、排水側バルブ１５の開度を全開から全閉へ一気に閉じるのではなく、全開から全閉への移行途中で中間開度の状態に一旦止めて開度を絞ることで、濃縮塩水の排水管１９への流出流量を緩やかに停止させる。このように流出流量が緩やかに減少することによって、排水管１９内の安定した連続流れが急激に停止することがなくなるため、ウォーターハンマーが発生せず、充填工程終了時の衝撃音の発生を防止できる。 Therefore, rather than closing the discharge valve 15 from fully open to fully closed all at once, the discharge valve 15 is temporarily stopped at an intermediate opening while transitioning from fully open to fully closed, and the opening is then reduced, gradually stopping the flow rate of concentrated brine into the discharge pipe 19. By gradually reducing the discharge flow rate in this way, the stable, continuous flow in the discharge pipe 19 does not suddenly stop, preventing water hammer and the occurrence of impact noise at the end of the filling process.
このように本実施形態のエネルギー回収装置１では、制御部Ｃが、第１シリンダ装置９Ａ又は第２シリンダ装置９Ｂの一端と排水管１９との連通が遮断される時に排水側バルブ１５を緩やかに又は段階的に閉じて連通を遮断させるので、遮断の際に、シリンダ装置からの排出流量を緩やかに減少させることで、ウォーターハンマーによる衝撃音の発生を防止することができる。 In this way, in the energy recovery device 1 of this embodiment, when communication between one end of the first cylinder device 9A or the second cylinder device 9B and the drain pipe 19 is blocked, the control unit C gradually or gradually closes the drain side valve 15 to block the communication. Therefore, by gradually reducing the discharge flow rate from the cylinder device when the communication is blocked, it is possible to prevent the generation of impact noise caused by water hammer.
特に、従来は、構造が複雑で高価なシリンダ及びピストンを使用した切換用シリンダ装置を採用しているために高コストになっていたが、本発明では、シリンダ装置よりもシンプルな構造で安価となるバルブを使用した切換用バルブ装置を採用するために、低コスト化することができる。
また、排水側バルブ１５及び濃縮側バルブ１４が、ボール弁であるので、簡易な構造で安価なボール弁によって、より低コスト化することができる。また、ボール弁は、空気弁などに用いられるものが採用可能であり、従来の切換用シリンダ装置に比べて保守・点検が容易であって、電磁弁の開閉だけで容易に制御が可能になる。
In particular, conventionally, switching cylinder devices using cylinders and pistons, which are complex in structure and expensive, have been used, resulting in high costs. However, the present invention employs a switching valve device using valves, which have a simpler structure and are less expensive than cylinder devices, thereby reducing costs.
Furthermore, because the discharge side valve 15 and the concentration side valve 14 are ball valves, the cost can be further reduced by using inexpensive ball valves with a simple structure. Furthermore, the ball valves can be those used for air valves, etc., and are easier to maintain and inspect than conventional switching cylinder devices, and can be easily controlled by simply opening and closing the solenoid valve.
さらに、制御部Ｃが、排水側バルブ１５を段階的に閉じる場合、全開から全閉まで開度を変える途中で一時的に中間的な開度で止めるので、開度を２ステップで変化させる簡易な制御で衝撃音の発生を防止することができる。
特に、中圧希釈塩水が、汽水，地下水又は工業用水であるので、膜分離装置への入口圧力が比較的小さい汽水，地下水又は工業用水を低コストな装置で淡水化することができる。
Furthermore, when the control unit C closes the drain side valve 15 in stages, it temporarily stops the valve at an intermediate opening while changing the opening from fully open to fully closed, thereby preventing the generation of impact noise with simple control that changes the opening in two steps.
In particular, since the medium-pressure diluted salt water is brackish water, groundwater or industrial water, brackish water, groundwater or industrial water having a relatively low inlet pressure to the membrane separation device can be desalinated using a low-cost device.
なお、本発明は上記各実施形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲において種々の変更を加えることが可能である。 The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
例えば、上記実施形態では、シリンダ装置が２本の場合を示したが、シリンダ装置が３本の場合に適用しても構わない。この場合、第１シリンダ装置及び第２シリンダ装置が動作中、残り１本の第３シリンダ装置は、切換用バルブ装置１３側末端でピストンが停止した状態となる。 For example, while the above embodiment shows a case where there are two cylinder devices, it may also be applied to a case where there are three cylinder devices. In this case, while the first and second cylinder devices are operating, the piston of the remaining third cylinder device is stopped at the end on the switching valve device 13 side.
１…エネルギー回収装置、２ａ…供給管、２ｂ…送水管、３…淡水管、４…濃縮水管、５…膜分離装置、６Ａ…第１流路切換機構、６Ｂ…第２流路切換機構、７Ａ…第１シリンダ、７Ｂ…第２シリンダ、８Ａ…第１ピストン、８Ｂ…第２ピストン、９Ａ…第１シリンダ装置、９Ｂ…第２シリンダ装置、１０…増圧手段、１１…流路方向規制機構、１３…切換用バルブ装置、１３ａ…濃縮側接続管、１３ｂ…排水側接続管、１４…濃縮側バルブ、１５…排水側バルブ、Ｃ…制御部 1...Energy recovery device, 2a...Supply pipe, 2b...Water supply pipe, 3...Freshwater pipe, 4...Concentrated water pipe, 5...Membrane separation device, 6A...First flow path switching mechanism, 6B...Second flow path switching mechanism, 7A...First cylinder, 7B...Second cylinder, 8A...First piston, 8B...Second piston, 9A...First cylinder device, 9B...Second cylinder device, 10...Pressure boosting means, 11...Flow path direction control mechanism, 13...Switching valve device, 13a...Concentrated side connecting pipe, 13b...Discharge side connecting pipe, 14...Concentrated side valve, 15...Discharge side valve, C...Control unit
Claims (3)
前記濃縮水管との連通と遮断とを行うと共に前記濃縮塩水の排水管との連通と遮断とを行う第１流路切換機構を介して一端が前記濃縮水管と前記排水管とに接続され、第１シリンダ内を往復移動する第１ピストンを有した第１シリンダ装置と、
前記濃縮水管との連通と遮断とを行うと共に排水管との連通と遮断とを行う第２流路切換機構を介して一端が前記濃縮水管と前記排水管とに接続され、第２シリンダ内を往復移動する第２ピストンを有した第２シリンダ装置と、
前記第１流路切換機構及び前記第２流路切換機構を制御して前記濃縮水管及び前記排水管に対する前記第１シリンダ装置と前記第２シリンダ装置との接続を切り換え、中圧の前記濃縮塩水を前記第１シリンダ装置と前記第２シリンダ装置とに交互に流し込む制御機能と前記濃縮塩水を前記第１シリンダ装置及び前記第２シリンダ装置から交互に排出する制御機能とを有した制御部と、
前記第１シリンダ装置の他端と前記第２シリンダ装置の他端とに接続され、希釈塩水を前記第１シリンダ装置と前記第２シリンダ装置とに交互に供給すると共に、前記第１シリンダ装置と前記第２シリンダ装置とから中圧で交互に押し出される前記希釈塩水を増圧手段を介して前記膜分離装置に戻す流路方向規制機構とを備え、
前記第１流路切換機構及び前記第２流路切換機構が、前記第１シリンダ装置又は前記第２シリンダ装置への前記濃縮塩水の供給とその停止及び前記第１シリンダ装置又は前記第２シリンダ装置からの前記濃縮塩水の排出とその停止との切り換えを行う切換用バルブ装置を備え、
前記切換用バルブ装置が、前記第１シリンダ装置又は前記第２シリンダ装置の一端と前記濃縮水管とを接続する濃縮側接続管に設けられた濃縮側バルブと、
前記第１シリンダ装置又は前記第２シリンダ装置の一端と前記排水管とを接続する排水側接続管に設けられた排水側バルブとを有し、
前記制御部が、前記第１流路切換機又は前記第２流路切換機構を制御して、前記第１シリンダ装置又は前記第２シリンダ装置の一端と前記排水管との連通が遮断される時に前記排水側バルブを緩やかに又は段階的に閉じて連通を遮断させ、
前記排水側バルブ及び前記濃縮側バルブが、ボール弁であることを特徴とするエネルギー回収装置。 An energy recovery device connected to a membrane separation device that separates medium-pressure diluted saltwater, which has an osmotic pressure of 2.5 MPa or less and contains salt other than seawater , into fresh water and concentrated saltwater using a reverse osmosis membrane, and discharges the fresh water into a fresh water pipe and the medium-pressure concentrated saltwater , which has an osmotic pressure of 2.5 MPa or less, into a concentrated water pipe,
a first cylinder device having one end connected to the concentrated water pipe and the drain pipe via a first flow path switching mechanism that connects and disconnects the concentrated water pipe and the drain pipe for the concentrated brine, and having a first piston that reciprocates within a first cylinder;
a second cylinder device having one end connected to the concentrated water pipe and the drain pipe via a second flow path switching mechanism that connects and disconnects the concentrated water pipe and the drain pipe, and having a second piston that reciprocates within a second cylinder;
a control unit having a control function of controlling the first flow path switching mechanism and the second flow path switching mechanism to switch the connection between the first cylinder device and the second cylinder device and the concentrated water pipe and the drain pipe, and alternately flowing the concentrated salt water at medium pressure into the first cylinder device and the second cylinder device, and alternately discharging the concentrated salt water from the first cylinder device and the second cylinder device;
a flow path direction regulating mechanism connected to the other end of the first cylinder device and the other end of the second cylinder device, for alternately supplying diluted brine to the first cylinder device and the second cylinder device, and returning the diluted brine alternately pushed out at medium pressure from the first cylinder device and the second cylinder device to the membrane separation device via a pressure boosting means;
The first flow path switching mechanism and the second flow path switching mechanism include a switching valve device that switches between supplying and stopping the concentrated salt water to the first cylinder device or the second cylinder device and discharging and stopping the concentrated salt water from the first cylinder device or the second cylinder device,
the switching valve device includes a concentrated-side valve provided in a concentrated-side connecting pipe that connects one end of the first cylinder device or the second cylinder device to the concentrated water pipe;
a drainage side valve provided in a drainage side connecting pipe that connects one end of the first cylinder device or the second cylinder device to the drainage pipe,
The control unit controls the first flow path switching device or the second flow path switching mechanism to gradually or gradually close the drain side valve when communication between one end of the first cylinder device or the second cylinder device and the drain pipe is blocked, thereby blocking the communication ;
10. An energy recovery device, wherein the discharge side valve and the concentrated side valve are ball valves .
前記制御部が、前記排水側バルブを前記段階的に閉じる際、全開から全閉まで開度を変える途中で一時的に中間的な開度で止めることを特徴とするエネルギー回収装置。 2. The energy recovery device according to claim 1 ,
An energy recovery device characterized in that, when the control unit closes the drain side valve in stages, it temporarily stops the valve at an intermediate opening degree while changing the opening degree from fully open to fully closed.
前記中圧希釈塩水が、汽水，地下水又は工業用水であることを特徴とするエネルギー回収装置。 3. The energy recovery device according to claim 1,
10. An energy recovery system according to claim 9, wherein the medium-pressure diluted salt water is brackish water, groundwater, or industrial water.
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| JP2003144856A (en) | 2001-11-12 | 2003-05-20 | Sasakura Engineering Co Ltd | Energy recovery apparatus for reverse osmotic membrane apparatus |
| WO2014141872A1 (en) | 2013-03-11 | 2014-09-18 | 株式会社 荏原製作所 | Seawater desalination system and energy recovery apparatus |
| JP2016022410A (en) | 2014-07-17 | 2016-02-08 | 株式会社電業社機械製作所 | Energy recovery equipment |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2003144856A (en) | 2001-11-12 | 2003-05-20 | Sasakura Engineering Co Ltd | Energy recovery apparatus for reverse osmotic membrane apparatus |
| WO2014141872A1 (en) | 2013-03-11 | 2014-09-18 | 株式会社 荏原製作所 | Seawater desalination system and energy recovery apparatus |
| JP2016022410A (en) | 2014-07-17 | 2016-02-08 | 株式会社電業社機械製作所 | Energy recovery equipment |
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