JP7795641B2 - Oxygen-enriched blast furnace operation method - Google Patents
Oxygen-enriched blast furnace operation methodInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
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Description
本発明は、高炉製鉄の技術分野に属し、具体的に、酸素富化によって石炭ガスを吹き込む高炉操業方法に関する。 The present invention belongs to the technical field of blast furnace ironmaking, and specifically relates to a blast furnace operation method in which coal gas is injected with oxygen enrichment.
従来の高炉操業では、焼結鉱、ペレット、コークス、溶剤を一定の割合で混合してチャージを構成し、チャージを炉頂から炉内に仕込んでから、高炉羽口から熱風を吹き込む。チャージが高炉の炉内で熱風と接触して動いていると、熱伝導および酸化還元反応が生じて、石炭ガスを発生させる。石炭ガスは、上向きに動いて、上昇管を介して高炉から離れる。高炉原料は、反応過程で溶融し、溶銑およびスラグとして滴下し、液体スラグが出銑口を介して高炉から排出される。従来の高炉操業では、初期には、炉缶の蓄熱過程が遅く、石炭ガスの発熱量が低く、石炭ガスの使用率が大きく波動しており、間接的な還元過程が足りないという難点があった。高炉操業者は、操業過程において、高炉内の酸素還元反応の速度を加速するために、コークス量を増加して、超軽量負荷のチャージを用いて操業することが一般的である。ただし、当該方式で操業すると、燃料消費量が大きく、反応周期が長くなる一方、炉缶には、極冷・極熱プロセスを経る必要があるので、炉前作業の難易度が高く、リスクも大きい。 In conventional blast furnace operation, a charge is made by mixing sintered ore, pellets, coke, and solvent in a certain ratio. The charge is then loaded into the furnace from the top, and hot air is blown into the blast furnace through the tuyere. As the charge moves within the blast furnace and comes into contact with the hot air, heat transfer and oxidation-reduction reactions occur, generating coal gas. The coal gas then moves upward and leaves the blast furnace through the riser. The blast furnace materials melt during the reaction and drip as molten iron and slag, and the liquid slag is discharged from the blast furnace through the taphole. In the initial stages of conventional blast furnace operation, the furnace body's heat storage process is slow, the calorific value of the coal gas is low, the coal gas usage rate fluctuates greatly, and the indirect reduction process is insufficient. During operation, blast furnace operators typically increase the amount of coke and use an ultra-light charge load to accelerate the oxygen reduction reaction in the blast furnace. However, operating this method results in high fuel consumption and a long reaction cycle, while the furnace cans must undergo extreme cooling and heating processes, making furnace front work more difficult and risky.
本発明は、高炉操業の安全化、高効率化の実現、炭素排出量の削減および経済的な操業目標の実現を確保するために、新しい酸素富化型高炉操業方法を提供することを目的にしている。 The present invention aims to provide a new method for operating an oxygen-enriched blast furnace in order to ensure safer blast furnace operation, higher efficiency, reduced carbon emissions, and the achievement of economical operating goals.
上記目的を達成するために、本発明は、以下の技術案を提供する。 To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions.
酸素富化型高炉操業方法であって、
炉暖め作業（Ｓ１）であって、１）混合ガス弁を全開させて冷風を送り、送風後、炉頂における圧力を１０ｋｐａに設定し、風量を３００ｍ３／ｍｉｎに設定すること、２）風温および前記風量が安定化された後、ガス混合弁を手動で調節して、温度上昇曲線に従って実際の風温の上昇を制御し、羽口の先端における温度に準じて、送風温度が１５０℃に安定化された後、前記風量を４００～５００ｍ３／ｍｉｎに指定し、前記送風温度が４００℃超過となると、前記風量を５００ｍ３／ｍｉｎに指定し、温度下降の期間において、前記送風温度が４００℃以下となると、温度下降の末期となるまで、前記風量を４００ｍ３／ｍｉｎに指定して保持させ、温度上昇または風量増加の過程において、炉頂における温度が２５０℃以下であり、気密ボックスの温度が５０℃以下であるように確保し、前記炉頂における温度が２５０℃超過となると、前記風量を５０ｍ３／ｍｉｎ／回減少して、２４～２６時間が経過した段階において、前記風量の平均値が０となるように徐々に減少すること、を含む炉暖め作業（Ｓ１）と、
チャージ仕込み作業（Ｓ２）であって、炉暖めが終わった後、チャージの仕込みを開始し、まず、純コークス１バッチを炉底に入れてから、出銑口から石炭ガスを導出するためのコイル管を配管して、純コークス１バッチを入れ、炉缶に枕木を入れた後、炉体の中下部に負荷チャージを入れて、コークス比を１５００～１８００ｋｇ／ｔとし、炉体の中部に負荷チャージ付きコークスを入れ、コークス比を１１００～１３００ｋｇ／ｔとし、炉体の上部に負荷チャージ付きコークスを入れ、コークス比を８００～１０００ｋｇ／ｔとし、炉スロートおよび炉体の上部に正常チャージを入れて、コークス比を５００～６００ｋｇ／ｔとするチャージ仕込み作業（Ｓ２）と、
チャージ仕込み作業が終わった後、窒素ガスを低温化・高温化して吹き付け、前記窒素ガスは、その圧力や流量が制御弁群によって調整された後、加熱装置に入り、送風ヘッダ管、囲い管、分岐管を経てから、前記羽口から高炉に入り、まず、常温窒素ガスを吹き込んでチャージを１時間吹き付け、その後、前記加熱装置を起動させて、窒素ガスの温度を３００℃／ｈのレートで上昇させ、２．５時間が経過した後、入炉された窒素ガスの温度が９００以上に達した場合、原料に対して加熱後の窒素ガスを２時間吹き付けることで、原料の温度を迅速的かつ効果的に上昇させ、その期間において、前記高炉が通気可能に開放して、石炭ガス管路網に対して窒素ガスを通して吹き付けることで、炉内および前記石炭ガス管路網に吹き付け、前記出銑口における石炭ガスを導出する管を開け、前記出銑口に対する除塵機能を発揮させるステップ（Ｓ３）と、
９００～１２００℃の高温窒素ガスを恒温で２～４時間吹き付けた後、前記羽口における還元用石炭ガス吹込みシステムを起動させ、還元用石炭ガスは、ＣＯ：６０～７５％、ＣＯ２：５％、Ｈ２：１０～１５％、Ｏ２：０．５％という組成を有し、前記還元用石炭ガス吹込みシステムの弁群を、定められた流量（１００００～１５０００ｍ３／ｈ）で起動しはじめ、還元用石炭ガス迅速切替弁、流量調節弁をオンにすることで、還元用石炭ガスが前記加熱装置に入り、窒素ガスと混合して加熱した上で、前記送風ヘッダ管、前記囲い管、前記分岐管を経てから、前記羽口から前記高炉に入るようになり、且つ、加熱目標温度を９００～１２００℃に設定し、還元用石炭ガスを加熱してから前記羽口から吹込み、高温還元用石炭ガスだけで、炉缶の温度を迅速に上昇させるという目的を達成させることができ、また、高温還元用石炭ガスが炉内に入ってから、上部の負荷チャージとの還元反応に直ちに参加することができ、原料における酸素鉄が還元された後、金属鉄の形態で炉缶に入ることが確保され、前記出銑口には、２～３個のトーチが設けられたことで、石炭ガスが前記出銑口から湧いてから、全部が燃焼できることが確保され、環境に対する領域別の石炭ガス監視措置および石炭ガスの中毒防止対策を講じるステップ（Ｓ４）と、
９００～１２００℃以上の高温還元用石炭ガスを入炉して１～２時間吹き込んだ後、前記羽口における酸素ガス吹込みシステムを起動させ、羽口に対して酸素ガスを１５０００～２５０００ｍ３／ｈで吹き込むステップ（Ｓ５）と、
前記酸素ガス吹込みシステムの起動後、酸素ガスは、酸素ガス弁台によって圧力や流量が調整された後、前記羽口における小スリーブの通路にて高温還元用石炭ガス、高温窒素ガスと混合して、前記高炉に入り、小スリーブの先端に高温石炭ガスおよび前記羽口前のコークスを点火させる点火作業（Ｓ６）と、
前記羽口での点火が成功した後、窒素ガスの吹込み量を減少しはじめ、その期間において、前記羽口における全体的な吹込み量の酸素含有量が７５～１００％であるように調整するとともに、石炭ガスの吹込み量を徐々に増加し、石炭ガスの加熱温度を１１００～１２００℃に上昇させて、前記羽口前の理論上の燃焼温度が２３５０～２４００℃の範囲内にあるように制御するステップ（Ｓ７）と、
前記炉頂における石炭ガス成分を持続的に監視し、Ｏ２の含有量が１％未満で、ＣＯの含有量が１６％超過となった後に、出力された石炭ガスは、管路網に回収する条件を満たしたとみなし、系統連系眼鏡型弁、切断弁をオンにして、前記炉頂を通気不可にさせることで、石炭ガスを前記管路網に導入する作業を完成し、石炭ガスの導入が終わった後、頂部の圧力を６０～１００Ｋｐａに上昇させはじめ、羽口領域における初期的な高温石炭ガスをなるべく多く前記出銑口から吹き出し、炉缶および炉缶内の原料を加熱する目的を達成させるステップ（Ｓ８）と、
酸素ガスの入炉量を安定化し、前記羽口からの高温石炭ガスの吹込み量を増加することで、前記羽口における風速が２００～２５０ｍ／ｓであり、前記羽口での理論上の燃焼温度が２３５０～２４００℃であるように維持し、炉缶内の理論上の鉄量が正常安全許容鉄量の６０％に達したことを算出された場合、前記出銑口を開けて一回目の出銑を行うステップ（Ｓ９）と、
入炉負荷を徐々に増加し、還元石炭ガスの入炉量を増加して、前記羽口での理論上の燃焼温度を２４００～２５００℃に調整するステップ（Ｓ１０）と、
続いて、算出された理論上の溶銑生産量および高炉安全許容鉄量に従って、正常な出銑および炉内の負荷調整を図り、溶銑のシリコン削減作業を完成して、酸素富化型高炉の安全化の操業目標を実現させるステップ（Ｓ１１）と、を含む。
An oxygen-enriched blast furnace operation method,
In the furnace warming operation (S1), 1) the mixed gas valve is fully opened to send in cold air, and after the air is sent, the pressure at the furnace top is set to 10 kPa and the air volume is set to 300 m 3 /min; 2) after the air temperature and the air volume are stabilized, the gas mixing valve is manually adjusted to control the actual increase in air temperature according to the temperature rise curve; after the air temperature is stabilized at 150°C according to the temperature at the tip of the tuyere, the air volume is set to 400-500 m 3 /min; when the air temperature exceeds 400°C, the air volume is set to 500 m 3 /min; during the temperature drop period, when the air temperature is 400°C or lower, the air volume is set to 400 m 3 / min until the end of the temperature drop. /min and maintain it, and in the process of increasing the temperature or the air volume, the temperature at the furnace top is kept below 250°C, and the temperature of the airtight box is kept below 50°C, and when the temperature at the furnace top exceeds 250°C, the air volume is reduced by 50m 3 /min/times, and after 24 to 26 hours, the air volume is gradually reduced so that the average value becomes 0;
charge charging work (S2), in which, after the furnace warm-up is completed, charge charging is started, first one batch of pure coke is charged into the bottom of the furnace, then a coil pipe for discharging coal gas is installed from the tap hole, one batch of pure coke is charged, sleepers are placed in the furnace can, and then a load charge is charged into the middle and lower part of the furnace body to set the coke rate to 1500 to 1800 kg/t, coke with the load charge is charged into the middle part of the furnace body to set the coke rate to 1100 to 1300 kg/t, coke with the load charge is charged into the upper part of the furnace body to set the coke rate to 800 to 1000 kg/t, and normal charge is charged into the furnace throat and the upper part of the furnace body to set the coke rate to 500 to 600 kg/t;
After the charge preparation work is completed, nitrogen gas is cooled and heated and then sprayed. The pressure and flow rate of the nitrogen gas are adjusted by a control valve group, and then the nitrogen gas enters a heating device, passes through a blower header pipe, an enclosure pipe, and a branch pipe, and then enters the blast furnace from the tuyere. First, room temperature nitrogen gas is sprayed onto the charge for 1 hour. Then, the heating device is started and the temperature of the nitrogen gas is increased at a rate of 300°C/h. After 2.5 hours, if the temperature of the nitrogen gas entering the furnace reaches 900°C or higher, the heated nitrogen gas is sprayed onto the raw materials for 2 hours to quickly and effectively increase the temperature of the raw materials. During this period, the blast furnace is opened to allow ventilation, and nitrogen gas is passed through and sprayed onto the coal gas pipeline network, thereby spraying it into the furnace and the coal gas pipeline network. The pipe for discharging coal gas from the tap hole is opened, and the dust removal function for the tap hole is performed. (S3)
After 2 to 4 hours of constant-temperature blowing of high-temperature nitrogen gas at 900 to 1200°C, the reducing coal gas injection system at the tuyere is started up, and the reducing coal gas has a composition of CO: 60 to 75%, CO 2 : 5%, H 2 : 10 to 15%, and O 2 : 0.5%. The valves of the reducing coal gas injection system are opened to a predetermined flow rate (10,000 to 15,000 m 3 /h), and turning on the reducing coal gas quick switching valve and the flow rate control valve, so that the reducing coal gas enters the heating device, mixes with nitrogen gas and is heated, passes through the blast header pipe, the enclosure pipe, the branch pipe, and then enters the blast furnace through the tuyere; the target heating temperature is set to 900-1200°C, the reducing coal gas is heated and then injected through the tuyere, so that the purpose of quickly raising the temperature of the furnace can by the high-temperature reducing coal gas alone can be achieved; after the high-temperature reducing coal gas enters the furnace, it can immediately participate in the reduction reaction with the load charge above, and ensure that the oxygen-iron in the raw material is reduced and then enters the furnace can in the form of metallic iron; two or three torches are provided at the taphole, so that the coal gas can be fully combusted after it emerges from the taphole; and taking regional coal gas monitoring measures and coal gas poisoning prevention measures (S4).
a step (S5) of introducing high-temperature reducing coal gas of 900 to 1200°C or more into the furnace and injecting it for 1 to 2 hours, and then starting up an oxygen gas injection system in the tuyere to inject oxygen gas into the tuyere at a rate of 15,000 to 25,000 m3 /h;
After the oxygen gas injection system is started, the pressure and flow rate of the oxygen gas are adjusted by an oxygen gas valve stand, and then the oxygen gas is mixed with the high-temperature reducing coal gas and high-temperature nitrogen gas in the passage of the small sleeve in the tuyere, and the mixture enters the blast furnace, where it ignites the high-temperature coal gas at the tip of the small sleeve and the coke in front of the tuyere (S6);
After the tuyere ignition is successful, start reducing the amount of nitrogen gas injected, and during this period, adjust the oxygen content of the overall amount of nitrogen gas injected into the tuyere to be 75-100%, while gradually increasing the amount of coal gas injected, so that the heating temperature of the coal gas rises to 1100-1200°C, and control the theoretical combustion temperature before the tuyere to be within the range of 2350-2400°C (S7);
Step (S8) of continuously monitoring the coal gas components at the furnace top, and when the O2 content is less than 1% and the CO content is more than 16%, the output coal gas is deemed to meet the conditions for recovery into the pipeline network, and the grid-connected double-barrel valve and the cutoff valve are turned on to make the furnace top unvented, thereby completing the work of introducing the coal gas into the pipeline network, and after the introduction of the coal gas is completed, the pressure at the top begins to increase to 60-100 KPa, and as much of the initial high-temperature coal gas in the tuyere area as possible is blown out through the taphole, thereby achieving the purpose of heating the furnace can and the raw materials in the furnace can;
a step (S9) of stabilizing the amount of oxygen gas entering the furnace and increasing the amount of hot coal gas injected from the tuyere to maintain the wind speed at the tuyere at 200 to 250 m/s and the theoretical combustion temperature at the tuyere at 2350 to 2400°C, and when it is calculated that the theoretical amount of iron in the furnace can has reached 60% of the normal safe allowable amount of iron, opening the tap hole to perform the first tapping;
Step (S10) of gradually increasing the input load and increasing the input amount of reducing coal gas to adjust the theoretical combustion temperature at the tuyere to 2400 to 2500 ° C;
Subsequently, the method includes a step (S11) of achieving normal tapping and adjusting the load in the furnace in accordance with the calculated theoretical hot metal production amount and the safe allowable iron content of the blast furnace, completing the silicon reduction work of the hot metal, and achieving the operational goal of making the oxygen-enriched blast furnace safe.
従来技術と比べて、本発明による有益な効果は以下の通りである。 Compared to conventional technology, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:
本発明にかかる方法では、原料を加熱後の窒素ガスで吹き付けることで、原料の乾燥および原料温度の上昇を迅速的かつ効果的に行うことができ、後続の段階における炉缶の熱量が十分であること、および、高還元性の還元用石炭ガスによる還元反応が高効率で行われることが確保された。また、熱い窒素ガスを羽口から吹き込んでチャージの予熱を行い、チャージの乾燥を行う同時に、システムを惰性化させることで、窒素ガスや石炭ガスの送気のための準備を整える。そして、還元用石炭ガスを加熱してから羽口から吹き込むという技術手段によれば、炉缶温度を迅速的に上昇させる目的を達成させることができ、且つ、高温高還元性の石炭ガスが炉内に入ってから、上部におけるチャージとの還元反応に直ちに参加することができるため、負荷チャージが炉缶に入った後に発生されたスラグの温度が十分であるように確保され、製錬にわたる工程全体が安定的かつ効率的に行われることが可能となる。熱い石炭ガスが送られると、還元性ガスが直ちにチャージとの酸素化還元反応を行い、熱量を発する。そのような過程では、従来の高炉操業における石炭ガスの発生工程の流れをスキップして、熱い石炭ガスをチャージと直接に反応させるとともに、羽口から酸素ガスを吹き込んで、石炭ガスと反応させて、酸素化還元反応のプロセスを激化するため、従来の高炉よりも、原燃料の消費量が６０％減少し、高炉操業における綜合的な燃料比が８００ｋｇ／ｔとなる。そして、高炉操業の過程では、全酸素で石炭ガスを吹き付けることにより行われるため、炉内の石炭ガス量が従来の高炉における石炭ガス量よりも小さく、高炉操業がスムーズに行われることができる。また、点火操作が更に簡素化されたことで、酸素ガスが送られただけで、点火操作を完成することができ、同じく純酸素製錬に該当するＣＯＲＥＸ工程と比べて、作業者による羽口での点火操作が不要であって、優れている。最後に、酸素ガスが羽口から炉内に直接に吹き込まれて、羽口前の理論上の燃焼温度が２３５０～２４００℃の範囲内にあるように維持され、羽口における小スリーブの通路にて酸素ガスと還元用石炭ガスが混合されて炉内に吹き込まれたことで、製錬の強度が高められる。 In the method of the present invention, the heated nitrogen gas is blown onto the raw materials, thereby quickly and effectively drying the materials and raising their temperature. This ensures sufficient heat in the furnace chamber for subsequent stages and efficient reduction reactions using highly reducing reducing coal gas. Hot nitrogen gas is blown through the tuyeres to preheat and dry the charge, while simultaneously inertizing the system and preparing it for the introduction of nitrogen gas and coal gas. The technical measure of heating the reducing coal gas before blowing it through the tuyeres achieves the goal of quickly raising the furnace chamber temperature. The high-temperature, highly reducing coal gas can immediately participate in the reduction reaction with the charge at the top after entering the furnace. This ensures that the temperature of the slag generated after the load charge enters the furnace chamber is sufficient, enabling the entire smelting process to be carried out stably and efficiently. When the hot coal gas is blown in, the reducing gas immediately undergoes an oxygen-reduction reaction with the charge, generating heat. In this process, the coal gas generation step in conventional blast furnace operation is skipped, and hot coal gas is directly reacted with the charge. Oxygen gas is then injected through the tuyere to react with the coal gas, intensifying the oxygen-reduction reaction process. This reduces raw fuel consumption by 60% compared to conventional blast furnaces, and the overall fuel ratio in blast furnace operation is 800 kg/t. Furthermore, because the blast furnace operation is performed by injecting coal gas entirely with oxygen, the amount of coal gas in the furnace is smaller than that of conventional blast furnaces, allowing for smoother operation. Furthermore, the ignition operation is further simplified, requiring only oxygen gas to be delivered for ignition. This is an advantage over the COREX process, which also involves pure oxygen smelting, as it eliminates the need for manual ignition operations at the tuyere. Finally, oxygen gas is injected directly into the furnace through the tuyere, maintaining the theoretical combustion temperature before the tuyere in the range of 2350-2400°C. The oxygen gas and reducing coal gas are mixed in the small sleeve passage in the tuyere and then injected into the furnace, increasing the intensity of the smelting process.
以下は、本発明の実施例の技術案を明確かつ完全に説明する。明らかなことに、説明されている実施例は、ただ本発明の一部の実施例に過ぎず、全部の実施例ではない。本発明の実施例を基にして、当業者が創造的な労力を払わないことを前提に得られる全ての他の実施例は、全部、本発明の保護範囲に入っている。 The following clearly and completely describes the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention. It should be clear that the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, and do not represent all of the embodiments. All other embodiments that can be obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without any creative effort are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.
本発明は、以下の技術案を提供する。 The present invention provides the following technical solutions:
酸素富化型高炉操業方法では、以下のステップを含む。
炉暖め作業（Ｓ１）では、
１）混合ガス弁を全開させて冷風を送り、送風後、炉頂における圧力を１０ｋｐａに設定し、風量を３００ｍ３／ｍｉｎに設定すること、
２）風温および風量が安定化された後、ガス混合弁を手動で調節して、温度上昇曲線に従って実際な風温の上昇を制御し、羽口の先端における温度に準じ、温度上昇曲線は図１で示す通りであり、送風温度が１５０℃に安定化された後、風量を４００～５００ｍ３／ｍｉｎに指定し、送風温度が４００℃超過となると、風量を５００ｍ３／ｍｉｎに指定し、温度下降の期間において、送風温度が４００℃以下となると、温度下降の末期となるまで、風量を４００ｍ３／ｍｉｎに指定して保持させ、温度上昇または風量増加の過程において、炉頂における温度が２５０℃以下であり、気密ボックスの温度が５０℃以下であるように確保し、炉頂における温度が２５０℃超過となると、風量を５０ｍ３／ｍｉｎ／回減少して、２４～２６時間が経過した段階において、風量の平均値が０となるように徐々に減少すること、を含む。
The oxygen enrichment blast furnace operation method includes the following steps:
In the furnace warming work (S1),
1) Fully open the mixed gas valve to send cold air, and after sending the air, set the pressure at the furnace top to 10 kPa and the air volume to 300 m 3 /min;
2) After the air temperature and volume are stabilized, manually adjust the gas mixing valve to control the actual rise in air temperature according to the temperature rise curve, according to the temperature at the tip of the tuyere, the temperature rise curve is as shown in Figure 1. After the air temperature is stabilized at 150°C, set the air volume to 400-500m 3 /min. When the air temperature exceeds 400°C, set the air volume to 500m 3 /min. During the temperature drop period, when the air temperature falls below 400°C, set the air volume to 400m 3 /min and maintain it until the end of the temperature drop . During the temperature rise or air volume increase process, ensure that the temperature at the furnace top is below 250°C and the temperature of the airtight box is below 50°C. When the temperature at the furnace top exceeds 250°C, set the air volume to 50m 3 /min. /min/times, and gradually decreasing the airflow rate so that the average airflow rate reaches 0 after 24 to 26 hours.
チャージ仕込み作業（Ｓ２）では、炉暖めが終わった後、チャージの仕込みを開始し、まず、純コークス１バッチを炉底に入れてから、出銑口から石炭ガスを導出するためのコイル管を配管して、純コークス１バッチを入れ、炉缶に枕木を入れた後、炉体の中下部に負荷チャージを入れて、コークス比を１５００～１８００ｋｇ／ｔとし、炉体の中部に負荷チャージ付きコークスを入れ、コークス比を１１００～１３００ｋｇ／ｔとし、炉体の上部に負荷チャージ付きコークスを入れ、コークス比を８００～１０００ｋｇ／ｔとし、炉スロートおよび炉体の上部に正常チャージを入れて、コークス比を５００～６００ｋｇ／ｔとする。 In the charge loading operation (S2), after the furnace has warmed up, the loading of the charge begins. First, one batch of pure coke is loaded into the bottom of the furnace, then a coil pipe for extracting coal gas is installed from the taphole, and one batch of pure coke is loaded. After placing sleepers in the furnace can, a load charge is loaded into the middle and lower part of the furnace body at a coke rate of 1500 to 1800 kg/t, coke with a load charge is loaded into the middle part of the furnace body at a coke rate of 1100 to 1300 kg/t, coke with a load charge is loaded into the upper part of the furnace body at a coke rate of 800 to 1000 kg/t, and normal charge is loaded into the furnace throat and upper part of the furnace body at a coke rate of 500 to 600 kg/t.
ステップ（Ｓ３）では、チャージ仕込み作業が終わった後、窒素ガスを低温化・高温化して吹き付け、窒素ガスは、その圧力や流量が制御弁群によって調整された後、加熱装置に入り、送風ヘッダ管、囲い管、分岐管を経てから、羽口から高炉に入り、まず、常温窒素ガスを吹き込んでチャージを１時間吹き付け、その後、加熱装置を起動させて、窒素ガスの温度を３００℃／ｈのレートで上昇させ、２．５時間が経過した後、入炉された窒素ガスの温度が９００以上に達した場合、原料に対して加熱後の窒素ガスを２時間吹き付けることで、原料の温度を迅速的かつ効果的に上昇させ、その期間において、高炉が通気可能に開放して、石炭ガス管路網に対して窒素ガスを通して吹き付けることで、炉内および石炭ガス管路網に吹き付け、出銑口における石炭ガスを導出する管を開け、出銑口に対する除塵機能を発揮させる。 In step (S3), after the charge is loaded, nitrogen gas is cooled and heated before being sprayed. The pressure and flow rate of the nitrogen gas are adjusted by a group of control valves, and then it enters the heating device. It passes through the blast header pipe, enclosure pipe, and branch pipe before entering the blast furnace through the tuyere. First, room-temperature nitrogen gas is sprayed onto the charge for one hour. The heating device is then started, and the temperature of the nitrogen gas is increased at a rate of 300°C/h. After 2.5 hours, if the temperature of the nitrogen gas entering the furnace reaches 900°C or higher, the heated nitrogen gas is sprayed onto the raw materials for two hours, quickly and effectively raising the temperature of the raw materials. During this period, the blast furnace is opened to allow ventilation, and nitrogen gas is sprayed onto the coal gas pipeline network, blowing it into the furnace and the coal gas pipeline network. The coal gas outlet pipe at the taphole is opened, providing a dust removal function for the taphole.
ステップ（Ｓ４）では、９００～１２００℃の高温窒素ガスを恒温で２～４時間吹き付けた後、羽口における還元用石炭ガス吹込みシステムを起動させ、還元用石炭ガス吹込みシステムの弁群を、定められた流量（１００００～１５０００ｍ３／ｈ）で起動しはじめ、還元用石炭ガス迅速切替弁、流量調節弁をオンにすることで、還元用石炭ガスが加熱装置に入り、窒素ガスと混合して加熱した上で、送風ヘッダ管、囲い管、分岐管を経てから、羽口から高炉に入るようになり、且つ、加熱目標温度を９００～１２００℃に設定し、還元用石炭ガスを加熱してから羽口から吹込み、高温還元用石炭ガスだけでは、炉缶の温度を迅速に上昇させるという目的を達成させることができ、また、高温還元用石炭ガスが炉内に入ってから、上部の負荷チャージとの還元反応に直ちに参加することができ、原料における酸素鉄が還元された後、金属鉄の形態で炉缶に入ることが確保され、出銑口には、２～３個のトーチが設けられたことで、石炭ガスが出銑口から湧いてから、全部、燃焼できることが確保され、環境に対する領域別の石炭ガス監視措置および石炭ガスの中毒防止対策を講じる。 In step (S4), after blowing high-temperature nitrogen gas at 900 to 1200°C at a constant temperature for 2 to 4 hours, the reducing coal gas injection system at the tuyere is started, and the valve group of the reducing coal gas injection system is opened to a predetermined flow rate (10,000 to 15,000 m3 /h), and the reducing coal gas quick switching valve and flow control valve are turned on, so that the reducing coal gas enters the heating device, is mixed with nitrogen gas and heated, and then passes through the blast header pipe, shroud pipe, and branch pipe before entering the blast furnace through the tuyeres. The target heating temperature is set to 900-1200°C, and the reducing coal gas is heated before being blown into the tuyeres. The high-temperature reducing coal gas alone can achieve the purpose of quickly raising the temperature of the furnace can. After the high-temperature reducing coal gas enters the furnace, it can immediately participate in the reduction reaction with the upper load charge, ensuring that the iron oxygen in the raw materials is reduced and then enters the furnace can in the form of metallic iron. Two to three torches are installed at the taphole to ensure that the coal gas can be fully combusted after it emerges from the taphole. Environmental monitoring measures for specific areas of coal gas and measures to prevent coal gas poisoning are in place.
ステップ（Ｓ５）では、９００～１２００℃以上の高温還元用石炭ガスを入炉して１～２時間吹き込んだ後、羽口における酸素ガス吹込みシステムを起動させ、羽口に対して酸素ガスを１５０００～２５０００ｍ３／ｈで吹き込む。 In step (S5), high-temperature reducing coal gas of 900 to 1200°C or higher is introduced into the furnace and injected for 1 to 2 hours, and then the oxygen gas injection system at the tuyere is started and oxygen gas is injected into the tuyere at a rate of 15,000 to 25,000 m 3 /h.
点火作業（Ｓ６）では、酸素ガス吹込みシステムの起動後、酸素ガスは、酸素ガス弁台によって圧力や流量が調整された後、羽口における小スリーブの通路にて高温還元用石炭ガス、高温窒素ガスと混合して、高炉に入り、小スリーブの先端に高温石炭ガスおよび羽口前のコークスを点火させる。 In the ignition operation (S6), after the oxygen gas injection system is started, the oxygen gas pressure and flow rate are adjusted by the oxygen gas valve stand, and then it is mixed with high-temperature reducing coal gas and high-temperature nitrogen gas in the passage of the small sleeve in the tuyere and enters the blast furnace, igniting the high-temperature coal gas and coke in front of the tuyere at the tip of the small sleeve.
ステップ（Ｓ７）では、羽口での点火が成功した後、窒素ガスの吹込み量を減少しはじめ、その期間において、羽口における全体的な吹込み量の酸素含有量が７５～１００％であるように調整するとともに、石炭ガスの吹込み量を徐々に増加し、石炭ガスの加熱温度を１１００～１２００℃に上昇させて、羽口前の理論上の燃焼温度が２３５０～２４００℃の範囲内にあるように制御する。 In step (S7), after successful ignition at the tuyere, the amount of nitrogen gas injected begins to decrease, and during that period, the oxygen content of the overall amount injected at the tuyere is adjusted to be 75-100%, while the amount of coal gas injected is gradually increased, raising the heating temperature of the coal gas to 1100-1200°C, and controlling the theoretical combustion temperature before the tuyere to be within the range of 2350-2400°C.
ステップ（Ｓ８）では、炉頂における石炭ガス成分を持続的に監視し、Ｏ２の含有量が１％未満で、ＣＯの含有量が１６％超過となった場合、出力された石炭ガスは、管路網に回収する条件を満たしたとみなし、系統連系眼鏡型弁、切断弁をオンにして、炉頂を通気不可にさせることで、石炭ガスを管路網に導入する作業を完成し、石炭ガスの導入が終わった後、頂部の圧力を６０～１００Ｋｐａに上昇させはじめ、羽口領域における初期的な高温石炭ガスをなるべく多く出銑口から吹き出し、炉缶および炉缶内の原料を加熱する目的を達成させる。 In step (S8), the coal gas components at the furnace top are continuously monitored. If the O2 content is less than 1% and the CO content is more than 16%, the output coal gas is deemed to meet the conditions for recovery into the pipeline network, and the grid-connected double-barrel valve and the cut-off valve are turned on to make the furnace top unventable, thereby completing the introduction of the coal gas into the pipeline network. After the introduction of the coal gas is completed, the pressure at the top begins to increase to 60-100 KPa, and as much of the initial high-temperature coal gas in the tuyere area as possible is blown out through the taphole, thereby achieving the purpose of heating the furnace can and the materials inside the furnace can.
ステップ（Ｓ９）では、酸素ガスの入炉量を安定化し、羽口からの高温石炭ガスの吹込み量を増加することで、羽口における風速が２００～２５０ｍ／ｓであり、羽口での理論上の燃焼温度が２３５０～２４００℃であるように維持し、炉缶内の理論上の鉄量が正常安全許容鉄量の６０％に達したことを算出された場合、出銑口を開けて一回目の出銑を行う。 In step (S9), the amount of oxygen gas entering the furnace is stabilized and the amount of hot coal gas injected from the tuyere is increased to maintain a wind speed at the tuyere of 200-250 m/s and a theoretical combustion temperature at the tuyere of 2350-2400°C. When it is calculated that the theoretical amount of iron in the furnace can has reached 60% of the normal safe allowable amount of iron, the tap hole is opened and the first tapping is performed.
ステップ（Ｓ１０）では、入炉負荷を徐々に増加し、還元石炭ガスの入炉量を増加して、羽口での理論上の燃焼温度を２４００～２５００℃に調整する。 In step (S10), the furnace load is gradually increased, and the amount of reducing coal gas entering the furnace is increased to adjust the theoretical combustion temperature at the tuyere to 2400-2500°C.
ステップ（Ｓ１１）では、続いて、算出された理論上の溶銑生産量および高炉安全許容鉄量に従って、正常な出銑および炉内の負荷調整を図り、溶銑のシリコン削減作業を完成して、酸素富化型高炉の安全化の操業目標を実現させる。 In step (S11), normal tapping and load adjustments within the furnace are then performed in accordance with the calculated theoretical molten iron production volume and the safe allowable iron content of the blast furnace, completing the silicon reduction work for the molten iron and achieving the operational goal of safe oxygen-enriched blast furnace operation.
Claims (1)
炉暖めが終わった後、チャージの仕込みを開始し、まず、純コークス１バッチを炉底に入れてから、出銑口から石炭ガスを導出するためのコイル管を配管して、純コークスを入れ、炉缶に枕木を入れた後、炉体の中下部にコークス比が１５００～１８００ｋｇ／ｔのチャージを入れ、炉体の中部にコークス比が１１００～１３００ｋｇ／ｔのチャージを入れ、炉体の上部にコークス比が８００～１０００ｋｇ／ｔのチャージを入れ、炉スロートおよび炉体の上部にコークス比が５００～６００ｋｇ／ｔのチャージを入れ、入れられたチャージの総合的なコークス比が８００～９００ｋｇ／ｔであるチャージ仕込み作業（Ｓ２）と、
チャージ仕込み作業が終わった後、窒素ガスを低温化・高温化して吹き付け、窒素ガスは、その圧力や流量が制御弁群によって調整された後、加熱装置に入り、送風ヘッダ管、囲い管、分岐管を経てから、羽口から高炉に入り、まず、常温窒素ガスを吹き込んでチャージを１時間吹き付け、その後、加熱装置を起動させて、窒素ガスの温度を３００℃／ｈのレートで上昇させ、２．５時間が経過した後、入炉された窒素ガスの温度が９００～１２００℃以上に達した後、原料に対して加熱後の窒素ガスを２～４時間吹き付けることで、原料の温度を迅速的かつ効果的に上昇させ、前記窒素ガスを吹き付けた期間において、高炉が通気可能に開放して、石炭ガス管路網に対して窒素ガスを通して吹き付けることで、炉内および石炭ガス管路網に吹き付け、出銑口における石炭ガスを導出する管を開け、出銑口に対する除塵機能を発揮させるステップ（Ｓ３）と、
９００～１２００℃の高温窒素ガスを恒温で２～４時間吹き付けた後、羽口における還元用石炭ガス吹込みシステムを起動させ、還元用石炭ガス吹込みシステムの弁群を、定められた流量１００００～２００００ｍ３／ｈで起動しはじめ、還元用石炭ガス迅速切替弁、流量調節弁をオンにすることで、還元用石炭ガスが加熱装置に入り、窒素ガスと混合して加熱した上で、送風ヘッダ管、囲い管、分岐管を経てから、羽口から高炉に入るようになり、且つ、加熱目標温度を９００～１２００℃に設定し、還元用石炭ガスを加熱してから羽口から吹込み、高温還元用石炭ガスだけでは、炉缶の温度を迅速に上昇させるという目的を達成させることができ、また、高温還元用石炭ガスが炉内に入ってから、上部のチャージとの還元反応に直ちに参加することができ、原料における酸素鉄が還元された後、金属鉄の形態で炉缶に入ることが確保され、出銑口には、２～３個のトーチが設けられたことで、石炭ガスが出銑口から湧いてから、全部、燃焼できることが確保され、環境に対する領域別の石炭ガス監視措置および石炭ガスの中毒防止対策を講じるステップ（Ｓ４）と、
９００℃以上の高温還元用石炭ガスを入炉して１～２時間吹き込んだ後、羽口における酸素ガス吹込みシステムを起動させ、羽口に対して酸素ガスを１５０００～２５０００ｍ３／ｈで吹き込むステップ（Ｓ５）と、
酸素ガス吹込みシステムの起動後、酸素ガスは、酸素ガス弁台によって圧力や流量が調整された後、羽口における小スリーブの通路にて高温還元用石炭ガス、高温窒素ガスと混合して、高炉に入り、小スリーブの先端に高温石炭ガスおよび羽口前のコークスを点火させる点火作業（Ｓ６）と、
羽口での点火が成功した後、窒素ガスの吹込み量を減少しはじめ、羽口における全体的な吹込み量の酸素含有量が７５～１００ｖｏｌ％であるように調整するとともに、石炭ガスの吹込み量を徐々に増加し、石炭ガスの加熱温度を１１００～１２００℃に上昇させて、羽口前の燃焼温度が２３５０～２４００℃の範囲内にあるように制御するステップ（Ｓ７）と、
炉頂における石炭ガス成分を持続的に監視し、Ｏ２の含有量が１ｖｏｌ％未満で、ＣＯの含有量が１６ｖｏｌ％超過となった後に、出力された石炭ガスは、管路網に回収する条件を満たしたとみなし、石炭ガスの管路網への導入を行う弁、切断弁をオンにして、炉頂を通気不可にさせることで、石炭ガスを管路網に導入する作業を完成し、石炭ガスの導入が終わった後、頂部の圧力を６０～１００Ｋｐａに上昇させはじめ、前記羽口の領域における初期的な高温石炭ガスを出銑口から吹き出し、炉缶および炉缶内の原料を加熱する目的を達成させるステップ（Ｓ８）と、
酸素ガスの入炉量を調整し、羽口からの高温石炭ガスの吹込み量を同期的に調整することで、羽口における風速が２００～２５０ｍ／ｓであり、羽口での燃焼温度が２３５０～２４００℃であるように維持し、炉缶内の鉄量が正常安全許容鉄量の６０ｗｔ％に達したことを算出された場合、出銑口を開けて一回目の出銑を行うステップ（Ｓ９）と、
高炉へのチャージの仕込み量を徐々に増加し、還元石炭ガスの入炉量を増加して、羽口での燃焼温度を２４００～２５００℃に調整するステップ（Ｓ１０）と、
続いて、算出された溶銑生産量および高炉安全許容鉄量に従って、正常な出銑および炉内のチャージの調整を図り、溶銑のシリコン削減作業を完成して、酸素富化型高炉の安全化の操業目標を実現させるステップ（Ｓ１１）と、を含む、
ことを特徴とする酸素富化型高炉操業方法。 Furnace heating work (S1) in which heated and compressed air is introduced into the hot air furnace to heat the furnace for 24 hours;
After the furnace warm-up is complete, the charge preparation work begins. First, one batch of pure coke is placed in the bottom of the furnace, then a coil pipe for discharging coal gas is installed from the tap hole, and pure coke is added. After placing sleepers in the furnace can, a charge with a coke rate of 1500 to 1800 kg/t is placed in the middle and lower part of the furnace body , a charge with a coke rate of 1100 to 1300 kg/t is placed in the middle part of the furnace body , a charge with a coke rate of 800 to 1000 kg/t is placed in the upper part of the furnace body , and a charge with a coke rate of 500 to 600 kg/t is placed in the furnace throat and the upper part of the furnace body, so that the total coke rate of the charges placed is 800 to 900 kg/t (S2).
After the charge preparation work is completed, nitrogen gas is cooled and heated before being sprayed. The pressure and flow rate of the nitrogen gas are adjusted by a group of control valves, and then the nitrogen gas enters a heating device, passes through a blower header pipe, an enclosure pipe, and a branch pipe, and then enters the blast furnace through a tuyere. First, room temperature nitrogen gas is sprayed onto the charge for 1 hour. Then, the heating device is started and the temperature of the nitrogen gas is increased at a rate of 300°C/h. After 2.5 hours, the temperature of the nitrogen gas entering the furnace reaches 900-1200°C or higher. Then, the heated nitrogen gas is sprayed onto the raw materials for 2-4 hours, thereby quickly and effectively raising the temperature of the raw materials. During the period when the nitrogen gas is being sprayed, the blast furnace is opened to allow ventilation, and nitrogen gas is sprayed onto the coal gas pipeline network, thereby spraying it into the furnace and the coal gas pipeline network. The pipe for discharging the coal gas at the tap hole is opened, and the dust removal function for the tap hole is performed. (S3)
After 2 to 4 hours of constant-temperature blowing of high-temperature nitrogen gas at 900 to 1200°C, the reducing coal gas injection system at the tuyere is started, and the valve group of the reducing coal gas injection system is opened to a predetermined flow rate of 10,000 to 20,000 m3. /h, and starts up, and turns on the reducing coal gas quick switching valve and flow control valve, so that the reducing coal gas enters the heating device, mixes with nitrogen gas and heats it, passes through the blower header pipe, the enclosure pipe, the branch pipe, and then enters the blast furnace through the tuyeres; and the target heating temperature is set to 900-1200°C, and the reducing coal gas is heated before being blown into the tuyeres. The high-temperature reducing coal gas alone can achieve the purpose of quickly raising the temperature of the furnace can. After entering the furnace, the high-temperature reducing coal gas can immediately participate in the reduction reaction with the upper charge , ensuring that the iron oxygen in the raw material is reduced and then enters the furnace can in the form of metallic iron. Two or three torches are installed at the taphole, ensuring that the coal gas can be fully combusted after it emerges from the taphole; and step (S4) of taking regional coal gas monitoring measures and coal gas poisoning prevention measures for the environment.
a step (S5) of introducing high-temperature reducing coal gas of 900°C or higher into the furnace and injecting it for 1 to 2 hours, and then starting up an oxygen gas injection system at the tuyere to inject oxygen gas into the tuyere at a rate of 15,000 to 25,000 m 3 /h;
After the oxygen gas injection system is started, the pressure and flow rate of the oxygen gas are adjusted by the oxygen gas valve stand, and then the oxygen gas is mixed with the high-temperature reducing coal gas and high-temperature nitrogen gas in the passage of the small sleeve in the tuyere, and enters the blast furnace, where the high-temperature coal gas and the coke in front of the tuyere are ignited at the tip of the small sleeve (S6).
After the tuyere ignition is successful, start to reduce the amount of nitrogen gas injected , adjust the oxygen content of the overall amount of injected gas at the tuyere to 75-100 vol %, and gradually increase the amount of coal gas injected, raise the heating temperature of the coal gas to 1100-1200°C, and control the combustion temperature before the tuyere to be in the range of 2350-2400°C (S7);
Step (S8) of continuously monitoring the coal gas components at the furnace top, when the O2 content is less than 1 vol % and the CO content is more than 16 vol %, the output coal gas is deemed to meet the conditions for recovery into the pipeline network, and the valve for introducing the coal gas into the pipeline network and the cutoff valve are turned on to make the furnace top unvented, thereby completing the work of introducing the coal gas into the pipeline network, and after the introduction of the coal gas is completed, the pressure at the top begins to increase to 60-100 KPa, and the initial high-temperature coal gas in the tuyere area is blown out through the tap hole to achieve the purpose of heating the furnace can and the materials in the furnace can;
A step (S9) of adjusting the amount of oxygen gas entering the furnace and synchronously adjusting the amount of hot coal gas injected from the tuyere to maintain the wind speed at the tuyere at 200-250 m/s and the combustion temperature at the tuyere at 2350-2400°C, and when it is calculated that the amount of iron in the furnace has reached 60 wt % of the normal safe allowable amount of iron, opening the tap hole to perform the first tapping;
Step (S10) of gradually increasing the amount of charge fed to the blast furnace and increasing the amount of reduced coal gas entering the furnace to adjust the combustion temperature at the tuyere to 2400 to 2500 ° C;
and (S11) adjusting the normal tapping and charging in the furnace according to the calculated hot metal production amount and the safe allowable iron content of the blast furnace, thereby completing the silicon reduction work of the hot metal and achieving the operational goal of safe operation of the oxygen-enriched blast furnace.
An oxygen- enriched blast furnace operation method characterized by:
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| CN116516086A (en) * | 2023-05-11 | 2023-08-01 | 新疆八一钢铁股份有限公司 | Oxygen blast furnace top temperature control method |
| CN116891917B (en) * | 2023-08-18 | 2025-02-21 | 新疆八一钢铁股份有限公司 | Long-term blowing-down air supply method for hydrogen-rich carbon circulating oxygen blast furnace |
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