JP7797112B2 - Method, apparatus, and system for wireless monitoring - Google Patents

Description

This disclosure relates generally to wireless monitoring. More specifically, this disclosure relates to automatic and adaptive multi-mode wireless monitoring based on wireless channel information, power supply placement for wireless monitoring systems, enhanced vehicle security through wireless monitoring based on wireless channel information, triggering of assistant devices based on wireless monitoring using wireless channel information (CI), and various power supply designs and qualifications for wireless monitoring systems or devices that perform wireless monitoring.

With the proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) applications, billions of home appliances, phones, smart devices, security systems, environmental sensors, vehicles, buildings, and other wirelessly connected devices will transmit data, communicate with each other and with people, and measure and track anything, anytime. In recent years, the ubiquitous deployment of wireless radio devices has made wireless sensing a key technique for measuring what is happening in our surrounding environment. Furthermore, because human activity affects wireless signal propagation, understanding and analyzing how wireless signals respond to human activity can reveal rich information about the activities around us. As more bandwidth becomes available in new generations of wireless systems, wireless sensing will enable many smart IoT applications that are currently only imagined but are possible in the near future. This is because increased bandwidth allows us to see more multipaths in rich scattering environments, such as indoors or metropolitan areas, which can be treated as hundreds of virtual antennas/sensors. Thus, wireless sensing and tracking are attracting much attention in the era of the Internet of Things. To improve the efficiency of device operation, power management, and environmental channel traffic (such as channel availability and usage) management, and to improve the sensitivity and resolution of detected events, automatic and adaptive multi-mode operation is desirable but not yet available.

Vehicle monitoring has become a critical application with the ubiquitous deployment of wireless devices in vehicles. For example, through occupant recognition, vehicle monitoring can enable identification of pet movements and breathing (pet recognition), identification of subtle child movements and breathing (child recognition), detection of movement in the trunk (unknown recognition), glass breakage (window breakage), and hit-and-run detection. Existing methods and systems for vehicle monitoring are not entirely satisfactory in terms of safety and security concerns. Vehicle monitoring requires power to operate, such as power/energy from a battery, sunlight, or other sources. By some means of energy harvesting and energy storage elements, the power/energy portion can free the device from the need for any electrical outlet (in the car or at home). By flexibly placing the device, transmitter, or receiver connected to some power source (e.g., a solar panel), the user may not need to frequently remove the device to manually recharge it, which can be applied not only to vehicle monitoring but also to other interior monitoring applications.

Digital assistant systems such as Google Home and Amazon Alexa have brought convenience to people's daily lives. Voice commands are the most common way to trigger these digital assistant systems, but they may require two or more attempts due to unsatisfactory recognition of the user's voice command or background noise. Wireless monitoring using wireless channel state information (CSI) has attracted much attention in the Internet of Things era. However, there has been no method to provide automatic assistance by utilizing both wireless monitoring and digital assistant systems. Although the location of wireless monitoring devices can play an important role in providing adequate coverage, there are no existing designs for power sources for wireless monitoring devices that allow the device's location to be sufficiently flexible.

This disclosure relates generally to wireless monitoring. More specifically, this disclosure relates to automatic and adaptive multi-mode wireless monitoring based on wireless channel information, power supply placement for a wireless monitoring system, enhanced vehicle security through wireless monitoring based on wireless channel information, triggering of an assistant device based on wireless monitoring using wireless channel information (CI), and various power supply designs and certifications for a wireless monitoring system or device that performs wireless monitoring.

In one embodiment, a method is described that is implemented by a wireless monitoring system having a processor, a memory communicatively coupled to the processor, and a set of instructions stored in the memory that are executed by the processor. The method includes: transmitting a wireless signal through a wireless multipath channel of a location using a transmitter; receiving the wireless signal through the wireless multipath channel using a receiver, where the wireless signal is affected by the wireless multipath channel and modulation caused by object movement within the location; obtaining a set of channel information (CI) for the wireless multipath channel based on the wireless signal; performing a monitoring task by monitoring the object and its movement based on the set of CI; determining a plurality of allowable system states of the wireless monitoring system, where each allowable system state is associated with a respective setting of at least one of the wireless signal, a series of sounding signals in the wireless signal, or the monitoring task; selecting one of the allowable system states as a system state of the wireless monitoring system based on the monitoring task; and configuring the wireless monitoring system by applying the setting associated with the selected allowable system state to the wireless monitoring system.

In another embodiment, a method for configuring a wireless monitoring system is described. The method includes transmitting a wireless signal from a transmitter through a wireless multipath channel at a location; receiving the wireless signal via the wireless multipath channel, the wireless signal being affected by the wireless multipath channel and modulation caused by object movement within the location, using a processor, a memory, and a set of instructions to obtain a set of channel information (CI) for the wireless multipath channel based on the wireless signal; performing a monitoring task by monitoring objects and their movement based on the set of CI; determining a plurality of allowable system states for the wireless monitoring system, each allowable system state being associated with a respective setting; automatically selecting one of the allowable system states as a system state of the wireless monitoring system based on the monitoring task; and configuring the wireless monitoring system by applying the setting associated with the selected allowable state to at least one of the transmitter, the receiver, the wireless signal, the set of sounding signals of the wireless signal, or the set of CI based on the system state.

In yet another embodiment, a wireless monitoring system is described. The wireless monitoring system includes a transmitter, a receiver, and a processor. The transmitter is configured to transmit a wireless signal over a wireless multipath channel of a location. The receiver is configured to receive the wireless signal over the wireless multipath channel, the wireless signal being affected by the wireless multipath channel and modulation of an object moving within the location; obtain a set of channel information (CI) for the wireless multipath channel based on the wireless signal; and perform a monitoring task by monitoring the object and its movement based on the set of CI. The processor is configured to determine a plurality of allowable system states of the wireless monitoring system, each allowable system state being associated with a respective setting of at least one of the wireless signal, a series of sounding signals in the wireless signal, or a monitoring task; select one of the allowable system states as a system state of the wireless monitoring system based on the monitoring task; and configure the wireless monitoring system by applying a setting associated with the selected allowable system state to at least one of the transmitter, the receiver, the wireless signal, the set of CI, or monitoring of the object based on the system state.

In another embodiment, a wireless device of a wireless monitoring system is described. The wireless device includes: a receiver configured to receive a wireless signal transmitted by a transmitter over a wireless multipath channel of a location, the wireless signal being affected by modulation of the wireless multipath channel and object movement within the location; a processor communicatively coupled to the receiver; a memory communicatively coupled to the processor; and a set of instructions stored in the memory. When executed by the processor, the set of instructions causes the processor to perform a monitoring task by obtaining a set of channel information (CI) for the wireless multipath channel based on the wireless signal and monitoring the object and its movement based on the set of CI. A plurality of allowable system states are determined for the wireless monitoring system, each associated with a respective setting of at least one of the wireless signal, a set of sounding signals for the wireless signal, or a monitoring task. One of the allowable system states is selected as a system state of the wireless monitoring system based on the monitoring task. The wireless monitoring system is configured by applying a setting associated with the selected allowable system state to at least one of the transmitter, the receiver, the wireless signal, the set of CI, or monitoring of the object based on the system state.

In one embodiment, a method is described that is implemented by a wireless monitoring system having a processor, a memory communicatively coupled to the processor, and a set of instructions stored in the memory for execution by the processor. The method includes positioning and powering a transmitter at a first location within a location, positioning and powering a receiver at a second location within the location, transmitting a wireless signal from the transmitter over a wireless multipath channel of the location, receiving the wireless signal by the receiver over the wireless multipath channel, where the wireless signal is affected by the wireless multipath channel and modulation of an object moving within the location, obtaining a set of channel information (CI) for the wireless multipath channel based on the wireless signal, and monitoring the object and its movement based on the set of CI.

In another embodiment, a method for deploying and powering a wireless monitoring system is described. The method includes deploying a transmitter at a first location within a location, the transmitter being part of a first target device at the first location, and deploying a receiver at a second location within the location, the receiver being part of a second target device at the second location, each of the first target device and the second target device comprising at least one of a power supply unit, a power management unit, a power transfer unit, an energy storage unit, a power generation unit, or an energy harvesting unit. The method includes powering each of the transmitter and receiver based on at least one of the unit, or a respective energy harvesting unit; transmitting a wireless signal from the transmitter over a wireless multipath channel of the location; receiving the wireless signal by the receiver over the wireless multipath channel, the wireless signal being affected by the wireless multipath channel and modulation of an object moving within the location; obtaining a set of channel information (CI) for the wireless multipath channel based on the wireless signal using a processor, a memory communicatively coupled to the processor, and a set of instructions stored in the memory; and monitoring at least one of the object or movement of the object based on the set of CI.

In yet another embodiment, a wireless monitoring system is described. The wireless monitoring system includes a first target device, a second target device, and a processor. The first target device is disposed at a first location within a venue. The first target device includes a transmitter configured to transmit a wireless signal through a wireless multipath channel of the venue. The second target device is disposed at a second location within the venue. The second target device includes a receiver configured to receive the wireless signal through the wireless multipath channel, the wireless signal being affected by modulation of the wireless multipath channel and objects moving within the venue. Each of the first target device and the second target device includes at least one of a power supply unit, a power management unit, a power transfer unit, an energy storage unit, a power generation unit, or an energy harvesting unit for providing power to the transmitter and receiver, respectively. The processor is configured to obtain a set of channel information (CI) for the wireless multipath channel based on the wireless signal, and monitor at least one of an object or object movement based on the set of CI.

In another embodiment, a wireless device of a wireless monitoring system is described. The wireless device includes a receiver, a processor communicatively coupled to the receiver, a memory communicatively coupled to the processor, and a set of instructions stored in the memory. The receiver is configured to receive a wireless signal transmitted by a transmitter over a wireless multipath channel of a location. The wireless signal is affected by modulation of the wireless multipath channel and objects moving within the location. The transmitter is part of a first target device located at a first location in the location. The wireless device is a second target device located at a second location within the location. Each of the first target device and the second target device includes at least one of a power supply unit, a power management unit, a power transfer unit, an energy storage unit, a power generation unit, or an energy harvesting unit for providing power to the transmitter and receiver, respectively. The set of instructions, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to: perform a test procedure to determine first and second locations for placing first and second target devices, respectively, based on a criterion, wherein each of the first and second target devices is powered based on its respective location; obtain a set of channel information (CI) for the wireless multipath channel based on the wireless signal; and monitor at least one of an object or object movement based on the set of CI.

In one embodiment, a first wireless device of a wireless monitoring system is described. The first wireless device includes a receiver, a processor communicatively coupled to the receiver, a memory communicatively coupled to the processor, and a set of instructions stored in the memory. The receiver is configured to receive a first wireless signal over a wireless multipath channel at a location. The location includes a vehicle and an immediate vicinity of the vehicle. The first wireless signal is received based on a transmitted wireless signal transmitted by a second wireless device of the wireless monitoring system. The first wireless signal differs from the transmitted wireless signal due to the wireless multipath channel and modulation by an object moving within the location. The set of instructions, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to obtain a time series of channel information (TSCI) of the wireless multipath channel based on the first wireless signal and perform a monitoring task by monitoring at least one of a vehicle, an object, or object movement based on the TSCI.

In another embodiment, a method for a wireless monitoring system is described. The method includes transmitting a first wireless signal from a first wireless device within a location over a wireless multipath channel of the location, the location including a vehicle and an immediate vicinity of the vehicle; receiving a second wireless signal by a second wireless device within the location over the wireless multipath channel, the second wireless signal differing from the first wireless signal due to the wireless multipath channel and modulation of the first wireless signal by an object moving within the location; obtaining, using a processor, a memory communicatively coupled to the processor, and a set of instructions stored in the memory, a time series of channel information (TSCI) for the wireless multipath channel based on the second wireless signal; and performing a monitoring task by monitoring at least one of a vehicle, an object, or object movement based on the TSCI.

In yet another embodiment, a first wireless device of a wireless monitoring system is described. The first wireless device includes a transmitter, a processor communicatively coupled to the transmitter, a memory communicatively coupled to the processor, and a set of instructions stored in the memory. When executed by the processor, the set of instructions causes the processor to generate a first wireless signal and transmit the first wireless signal through a wireless multipath channel at a location. The location includes a vehicle and an immediate vicinity of the vehicle. A second wireless signal is received by a second wireless device of the wireless monitoring system based on the first wireless signal. The second wireless signal differs from the first wireless signal due to modulation by the wireless multipath channel and an object moving at the location. A time series of channel information (TSCI) of the wireless multipath channel is obtained based on the second wireless signal. A monitoring task is performed by monitoring at least one of a vehicle, an object, or object movement based on the TSCI.

In another embodiment, a wireless monitoring system is described. The wireless monitoring system includes a first wireless device and a second wireless device. The first wireless device is configured to transmit a first wireless signal through a wireless multipath channel at a location, the location including a vehicle and an immediate vicinity of the vehicle. The second wireless device is configured to receive a second wireless signal based on the first wireless signal transmitted through the wireless multipath channel, the second wireless signal being different from the first wireless signal due to modulation by the wireless multipath channel and an object moving within the location, obtain a time series of channel information (TSCI) of the wireless multipath channel based on the second wireless signal, and perform a monitoring task by monitoring at least one of a vehicle, an object, or object movement based on the TSCI, wherein the first wireless device and the second wireless device are at different locations within the vehicle.

In one embodiment, an automated assistant system is described. The automated assistant system includes a transmitter, a receiver, a processor, and an assistant device. The transmitter is configured to transmit a first wireless signal over a wireless multipath channel of a location. The receiver is configured to receive a second wireless signal over the wireless multipath channel. The second wireless signal differs from the first wireless signal due to the wireless multipath channel being affected by the movement of objects within the location. The processor is configured to obtain a time series of channel information (TSCI) of the wireless multipath channel based on the second wireless signal and monitor the movement of objects within the location based on the TSCI. The assistant device is configured to generate assistance corresponding to the objects within the location based on the monitoring.

In another embodiment, a method for an automated assistance system is described. The method includes transmitting a first wireless signal from a first wireless device within the location over a wireless multipath channel of the location; receiving a second wireless signal by a second wireless device within the location over the wireless multipath channel, the second wireless signal being different from the first wireless signal due to the wireless multipath channel being affected by movement of a person within the location; obtaining a time series of channel information (TSCI) of the wireless multipath channel based on the second wireless signal using a processor, a memory communicatively coupled to the processor, and a set of instructions stored in the memory; monitoring movement of a person within the location based on the TSCI; and generating assistance to a person within the location based on the monitoring results, without input from the person.

In yet another embodiment, a smart speaker is described. The smart speaker includes a receiver and a processor. The receiver is configured to receive a first wireless signal over a wireless multipath channel of a location. The first wireless signal is received based on a transmitted wireless signal transmitted by a wireless device separate from the smart speaker. The first wireless signal differs from the transmitted wireless signal due to the wireless multipath channel and modulation by an object moving within the location. The processor is configured to obtain a time series of channel information (TSCI) of the wireless multipath channel based on the first wireless signal, monitor movement of the object within the location based on the TSCI, and generate assistance regarding the object within the location based on the monitoring and attempts to communicate with the object.

In one embodiment, an accessory for a wireless monitoring system is described. The accessory comprises at least one physical connection mechanism for attaching the accessory to at least one of a first wireless device in the wireless monitoring system or a second wireless device in the wireless monitoring system. The first wireless device is configured to transmit a first wireless signal over a wireless multipath channel of a location. The second wireless device is configured to receive a second wireless signal over the wireless multipath channel. The second wireless signal differs from the first wireless signal due to the wireless multipath channel being affected by movement of objects within the location. The wireless monitoring system comprises a processor configured to obtain a time series of channel information (TSCI) of the wireless multipath channel based on the second wireless signal and monitor movement of objects within the location based on the TSCI.

In another embodiment, a wireless monitoring system is described. The wireless monitoring system includes a first wireless device, a second wireless device, a processor, and an accessory including at least one physical connection mechanism configured to attach the accessory to at least one of the first wireless device or the second wireless device. The first wireless device is configured to transmit a first wireless signal through a wireless multipath channel of a location. The second wireless device is configured to receive a second wireless signal through the wireless multipath channel, the second wireless signal being different from the first wireless signal due to the wireless multipath channel being affected by movement of objects within the location. The processor is configured to obtain a time series of channel information (TSCI) of the wireless multipath channel based on the second wireless signal and monitor movement of objects within the location based on the TSCI.

In yet another embodiment, a wireless device of a wireless monitoring system is described. The wireless device includes a processor, a memory communicatively coupled to the processor, an interface to an accessory, and at least one of a transmitter or a receiver communicatively coupled to the processor. The transmitter is configured to transmit a first wireless signal to the receiver over a wireless multipath channel of a location. The receiver is configured to receive a second wireless signal over the wireless multipath channel. The second wireless signal differs from the first wireless signal due to the wireless multipath channel being affected by movement of objects within the location. A time series of channel information (TSCI) of the wireless multipath channel is obtained based on the second wireless signal. Movement of objects within the location is monitored based on the TSCI. The accessory includes at least one physical connection mechanism configured to attach the accessory to the wireless device via the interface. When attached to the accessory based on the interface and the at least one physical connection mechanism, the wireless device is powered by a power cord connected to a power plug having protruding pins that are inserted into a power outlet of a power source. The accessory includes at least one of a power cord, a power plug, or a space-saving short power cord.

In one embodiment, a method for a certified wireless system is described. The method includes transmitting a wireless signal from a Type 1 device to a Type 2 device over a wireless multipath channel at a location, where the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device are dissimilar wireless devices; receiving the wireless signal by the Type 2 device; obtaining a time series of channel information (TSCI) of the wireless multipath channel based on the wireless signal; performing a certification test based on the TSCI for at least one certified device, which is at least one of the Type 1 device, a module of the Type 1 device, an integrated circuit (IC) of the Type 1 device, a Type 2 device, a module of the Type 2 device, or an IC of the Type 2 device; determining each of the at least one certified device to be a certified device based on a determination that respective certification criteria associated with the certified device are satisfied, to obtain the at least one certified device; and performing a task based on the TSCI using the at least one certified device. The Type 2 device may transmit the TSCI (or a simplified or condensed version of the TSCI) to the Type 1 device using a wireless multipath channel (e.g., in a return packet based on a standard such as 802.11), or using a separate wireless channel, or over a wired network.

Another embodiment describes a qualified wireless system. The qualified wireless system includes: a type 1 heterogeneous wireless device configured to transmit a wireless signal through a wireless multipath channel of a location; a type 2 heterogeneous wireless device configured to receive the wireless signal and obtain a time sequence of channel information (TSCI) of the wireless multipath channel based on the wireless signal; and a processor communicatively coupled to a memory storing a set of instructions and configured to perform a qualification test based on the TSCI on at least one qualified device, the at least one qualified device being at least one of a type 1 device, a type 1 device module, a type 1 device integrated circuit (IC), a type 2 device, a type 2 device module, or a type 2 device IC, to obtain the at least one qualified device; determine that each of the at least one qualified device is a qualified device based on a determination that respective qualification criteria associated with the qualified device are satisfied; and perform tasks based on the TSCI using the at least one qualified device to obtain the at least one qualified device.

Other aspects relate to software for implementing the present disclosure for wireless monitoring in rich clutter environments. Additional novel features will be set forth in part in the description that follows, and in part will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the following examples and accompanying drawings, or may be learned by the manufacture or operation of the examples. The novel features of the present disclosure may be realized and attained by practice or use of various aspects of the methods, instrumentalities, and combinations described in the detailed examples set forth below.

The methods, systems, and/or devices described herein will be further explained with reference to exemplary embodiments. These exemplary embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the drawings, which are non-limiting exemplary embodiments, and in which like reference numerals represent like structure throughout the several views of the drawings.

1 illustrates an example scenario in which the movement of an object is monitored and tracked, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

1 illustrates a mode transition process for a wireless monitoring system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

10 illustrates another mode transition process for a wireless monitoring system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

1 illustrates a flowchart of an exemplary method for a wireless monitoring system, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

10 illustrates a flowchart of another exemplary method for a wireless monitoring system, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

1 illustrates a system state transition process for a wireless monitoring system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

10 illustrates another system state transition process for a wireless monitoring system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

1 illustrates several arrangements for transmitters and receivers in a vehicle wireless monitoring system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

10 illustrates another arrangement for a transmitter and receiver in a vehicle wireless monitoring system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

10 illustrates yet another arrangement for a transmitter and receiver in a vehicle wireless monitoring system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

1 illustrates a flowchart of an exemplary method for a wireless monitoring system, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

1 illustrates an occupant recognition feature of a vehicle wireless monitoring system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

1 illustrates a tamper recognition feature of a vehicle wireless monitoring system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

1 illustrates a flowchart of an exemplary method for a vehicle wireless monitoring system, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

1 illustrates an example state flow for a vehicle wireless monitoring system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

1 illustrates exemplary functionality of an automated assistant system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

1 illustrates another exemplary function of an automated assistant system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

1 shows a flowchart of an example method for triggering an assistant device based on wireless monitoring, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

1 illustrates a flowchart of an example method for wireless monitoring with a flexible power source, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

15A and 15B illustrate an exemplary device having a power supply design according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

1 illustrates an exemplary accessory for mounting a device to a wall surface, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

16B illustrates an exemplary device coupled to the accessory shown in FIG. 16A according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

1 illustrates an exemplary accessory for attaching and connecting a device to a power outlet, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

17B illustrates an exemplary device coupled to the accessory shown in FIG. 17A according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

, 1 illustrates another exemplary device having a power supply design according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

1 illustrates a scenario where an integrated or convertible device is utilized as a plug-in design, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

1 illustrates a scenario where an integrated or convertible device is utilized as a desktop design, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

1 illustrates an exemplary device having interchangeable plugs for a power source, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

1 illustrates an example block diagram of a first wireless device of a wireless monitoring system, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

1 illustrates an example block diagram of a second wireless device of a wireless monitoring system, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

1 illustrates exemplary performance of motion detection based on passive infrared (PIR) sensing and WiFi sensing, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

1 illustrates a flowchart of an exemplary method for a certified wireless sensing system, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth, by way of example, in order to provide a thorough understanding of the relevant disclosure. However, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure may be practiced without such details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, and/or circuits have been described at a relatively high-level, without detail, in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring aspects of the present disclosure.

In one embodiment, the present disclosure discloses a method, apparatus, device, system, and/or software (method/apparatus/device/system/software) for a wireless monitoring system. Time-series channel information (CI) of a wireless multipath channel can be obtained (e.g., dynamically) using a processor, a memory communicatively coupled to the processor, and a set of instructions stored in the memory. The time series of CI (TSCI) can be extracted from wireless signals (signals) transmitted between a type 1 heterogeneous wireless device (e.g., a wireless transmitter, TX) and a type 2 heterogeneous wireless device (e.g., a wireless receiver, RX) at a venue over the channel. The channel can be affected by the representations (e.g., motion, movement, representation, and/or changes in position/pose/shape/representation) of objects at the venue. Objects and/or their motion characteristics and/or spatial-temporal information (STI, e.g., motion information) can be monitored based on the TSCI. Tasks can be performed based on the characteristics and/or STI. A presentation associated with the task may be generated in a user interface (UI) on the user's device. The TSCI may be a radio signal stream. The TSCI or each CI may be pre-processed. The device may be a station (STA). The symbol "A/B" means "A and/or B" in this disclosure.

Expressions may include placement, placement of movable parts, location, position, orientation, identifiable location, area, spatial coordinates, presentation, state, expression, static representation, size, length, width, height, angle, scale, shape, curve, surface, area, volume, pose, posture, sign, body expression, dynamic expression, dynamic noun, movement, movement sequence, gesture, stretch, contraction, distortion, deformation, body expression (e.g., head, face, eyes, mouth, tongue, hair, voice, neck, limbs, arms, hands, legs, feet, muscles, moving parts), surface expression (e.g., shape, texture, material, color, electromagnetic (EM) properties, visual pattern, humidity, reflectivity, translucency, flexibility), material properties (e.g., living tissue, hair, textile, metal, wood, leather, plastic, metallic, artificial material, solid, liquid, gas, temperature), movement, activity, behavior, change in expression, and/or any combination.

Wireless signals include transmit/receive signals, EM radiation, RF signals/transmissions, signals in licensed/unlicensed/ISM bands, band-limited signals, baseband signals, wireless/mobile/cellular communication signals, wireless/mobile/cellular network signals, mesh signals, optical signals/communications, downlink/uplink signals, unicast/multicast/broadcast signals, standards (e.g., WLAN, WWAN, WPAN, WBAN, international, national, industry, de facto, IEEE, IEEE 802, 802.11/15/16, Wi-Fi, 802.11n/ac/ax/be, 3G/4G/LTE/5G/6G/7G/8G, 3GPP, blue) The CI may include a type 2 (e.g., Bluetooth, BLE, Zigbee, RFID, UWB, WiMax) compliant signal, protocol signal, standard frame, beacon/pilot/search/inquiry/acknowledge/handshake/synchronization signal, management/control/data signal, standardized wireless/cellular communication protocol, reference signal, source signal, motion probe/detection/sensing signal, and/or a series of signals. Wireless signals may include line-of-sight (LOS) and/or non-LOS components (or paths/links). Each CI may be extracted/generated/calculated/detected at a layer of a Type 2 device (e.g., the PHY/MAC layer of the OSI model) and obtained by an application (e.g., software, firmware, driver, app, wireless monitoring software/system).

A wireless multipath channel can include: a communications channel, an analog frequency channel (e.g., analog carrier frequencies around 700/800/900 MHz, 1.8/1.8/2.4/3/5/6/27/60 GHz), a coded channel (e.g., CDMA), and/or a wireless network/system channel (e.g., WLAN, WiFi, mesh, LTE, 4G/5G, Bluetooth, Zigbee, UWB, RFID, microwave). It can include two or more channels. The channels can be contiguous (e.g., adjacent/overlapping bands) or non-contiguous (e.g., non-overlapping WiFi channels, one at 2.4 GHz and one at 5 GHz).

TSCI can be extracted from wireless signals at layers of a Type 2 device (e.g., layers of the OSI Reference Model, physical layer, data link layer, logical link control layer, media access control (MAC) layer, network layer, transport layer, session layer, presentation layer, application layer, TCP/IP layer, Internet layer, link layer). TSCI may also be extracted from derived signals (e.g., baseband signals, motion detection signals, motion sensing signals) derived from wireless signals (e.g., RF signals). It may be a (wireless) measurement detected by a communication protocol (e.g., a standardized protocol) using an existing mechanism (e.g., wireless/cellular communication standards/networks, 3G/LTE/4G/5G/6G/7G/8G, WiFi, IEEE 802.11/15/16). The derived signal may include a packet having at least one of a preamble, a header, and a payload (e.g., for data/control/management in the wireless link/network). The TSCI may be extracted from a probe signal in a packet (e.g., training sequence, STF, LTF, L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, HE-STF, HE-LTF, HE-SIG-A, HE-SIG-B, CEF). The motion detection/sensing signal may be recognized/identified based on the probe signal. The packet may be a standard-compliant protocol frame, a management frame, a control frame, a data frame, a sounding frame, an excitation frame, an illumination frame, a null data frame, a beacon frame, a pilot frame, a probe frame, a request frame, a response frame, an association frame, a reassociation frame, a disassociation frame, an authentication frame, an action frame, a report frame, a poll frame, an announce frame, an extension frame, an inquiry frame, an acknowledgement frame, an RTS frame, a CTS frame, a QoS frame, a CF-Poll frame, a CF-Ack frame, a block acknowledgement frame, a reference frame, a training frame, and/or a synchronization frame.

The packet may contain control data and/or motion detection probes. Data (e.g., Type 1 device ID/parameters/characteristics/settings/control signals/commands/instructions/notifications/broadcast-related information) can be obtained from the payload. The wireless signal may be transmitted by a Type 1 device and received by a Type 2 device. A database (e.g., in a local server, hub device, cloud server, or storage network) may be used to store TSCI, characteristics, STI, signatures, patterns, behaviors, trends, parameters, analysis, output responses, identification information, user information, device information, channel information, location (e.g., map, environment model, network, proximity device/network) information, task information, class/category information, presentation (e.g., UI) information, and/or other information.

A Type 1/Type 2 device may include at least one of electronics, circuitry, transmitter (TX)/receiver (RX)/transceiver, RF interface, "origin satellite"/"tracker bot," unicast/multicast/broadcast device, wireless power device, power/destination device, wireless node, hub device, target device, motion detection device, sensor device, remote/wireless sensor device, wireless communication device, wireless-enabled device, standards-compliant device, and/or receiver. A Type 1 (or Type 2) device may be heterogeneous because, where multiple instances of a Type 1 (or Type 2) device exist, they may have different circuitry, enclosure, structure, purpose, auxiliary functionality, chips/ICs, processor, memory, software, firmware, network connectivity, antenna, brand, model, appearance, form, shape, color, materials, and/or specifications. A Type 1/Type 2 device may include an access point, a router, a mesh router, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a wireless terminal, one or more radio/RF subsystems/wireless interfaces (e.g., 2.4 GHz radio, 5 GHz radio, fronthaul radio, backhaul radio), a modem, an RF front end, an RF/radio chip, or an integrated circuit (IC).

At least one of Type 1 devices, Type 2 devices, links between them, objects, characteristics, STI, motion monitoring, and tasks may be associated with an identification (ID), such as a UUID. Type 1, Type 2, or another device may acquire, store, retrieve, access, preprocess, condition, process, analyze, monitor, and apply TSCI. Type 1 and Type 2 devices may communicate network traffic on other channels (e.g., Ethernet, HDMI, USB, Bluetooth, BLE, WiFi, LTE, other networks, wireless multipath channels) in parallel with the wireless signals. Type 2 devices may passively observe, monitor, or receive wireless signals from Type 1 devices on wireless multipath channels without establishing a connection (e.g., association/authentication) with or requesting service from the Type 1 device.

A transmitter (i.e., Type 1 device) can function (act as) a receiver (i.e., Type 2 device) temporarily, sporadically, continuously, repeatedly, interchangeably, alternately, simultaneously, in parallel, and/or simultaneously, and vice versa. A device may function as a Type 1 device (transmitter) and/or a Type 2 device (receiver) temporarily, sporadically, continuously, repeatedly, simultaneously, in parallel, and/or simultaneously. There may be multiple wireless nodes, each of which is a Type 1 (TX) and/or Type 2 (RX) device. TSCI may be obtained for each two nodes when exchanging/communicating wireless signals. An object's characteristics and/or STI may be monitored individually based on the TSCI or jointly based on two or more (e.g., all) TSCIs.

An object's movements may be monitored actively (in that its Type 1 device, Type 2 device, or both are wearable/associated with the object) and/or passively (in that both the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device are not wearable/associated with the object). It may be passive because the object may not be associated with a Type 1 device and/or a Type 2 device. The object (e.g., a user, an automated guided vehicle, or an AGV) may not need to carry/install any attachments/fixtures (i.e., Type 1 devices and Type 2 devices are not wearable/attached equipment that the object needs to carry to perform a task). It may be active because the object may be associated with either a Type 1 device or a Type 2 device. The object may carry (or install) a wearable/attachment (e.g., a Type 1 device, a Type 2 device, or equipment communicatively coupled to either a Type 1 device or a Type 2 device).

The presentation may be visual, audio, image, video, animation, graphic presentation, text, etc. The computation of the task may be performed by a processor (or logic unit) of the Type 1 device, a processor (or logic unit) of the IC of the Type 1 device, a processor (or logic unit) of the Type 2 device, a processor of the IC of the Type 2 device, a local server, a cloud server, a data analysis subsystem, a signal analysis subsystem, and/or another processor. This work may be performed with or without a wireless fingerprint or baseline (e.g., collection, processing, processing, transmission, and/or training phase/previous survey/latest survey/initial wireless survey, passive indications), training, profile, trained profile, static profile, static profile, survey, initial wireless survey, initial setup, installation, retraining, update, and reset).

A Type 1 device (TX device) may include at least one heterogeneous radio transmitter. A Type 2 device (RX device) may include at least one heterogeneous radio receiver. A Type 1 device and a Type 2 device may be co-located. A Type 1 device and a Type 2 device may be the same device. Any device may have a data processing unit/device, a computing unit/system, a network unit/system, a processor (e.g., a logic unit), a memory communicatively coupled to the processor, and a set of instructions stored in the memory to be executed by the processor. Some processors, memories, and sets of instructions may cooperate.

There may be multiple Type 1 devices interacting (e.g., communicating, exchanging signals/control/notifications/other data) with the same Type 2 device (or multiple Type 2 devices), and/or there may be multiple Type 2 devices interacting with the same Type 1 device. Multiple Type 1/Type 2 devices may be synchronous and/or asynchronous, have the same/different window widths/sizes and/or time shifts, have the same/different synchronization start times, synchronization end times, etc. Wireless signals transmitted by multiple Type 1 devices may be sporadic, intermittent, continuous, repetitive, synchronous, simultaneous, and/or concurrent. Multiple Type 1/Type 2 devices may operate independently and/or cooperatively. Type 1 and/or Type 2 devices may have/include heterogeneous hardware circuits (e.g., heterogeneous chips or ICs capable of generating/receiving wireless signals, extracting CI from received signals, or making CI available). They may be communicatively coupled to the same or different servers (e.g., cloud servers, edge servers, local servers, hub devices).

The operation of one device can be based on the operation, state, internal state, storage, processor, memory output, physical location, computational resources, or network of another device. Different devices may communicate directly and/or through another device/server/hub device/cloud server. A device can be associated with one or more users and have associated settings. Settings may be selected once, pre-programmed, and/or changed (e.g., adjusted, changed, modified)/varied over time. There may be additional steps in a method. Method steps and/or additional steps may be performed in the order shown or in a different order. Any steps may be performed in parallel, iteratively, or otherwise iteratively or otherwise. A user may be a human, adult, elderly adult, male, female, infant, child, baby, pet, animal, living being, machine, computer module/software, etc.

For one or more Type 1 devices interacting with one or more Type 2 devices, any processing (e.g., time domain, frequency domain) may be different for different devices. Processing may be based on location, orientation, direction, role, user-related characteristics, settings, configuration, available resources, available bandwidth, network connection, hardware, software, processor, co-processor, memory, battery life, available power, antenna, antenna type, antenna directional/unidirectional characteristics, power settings, and/or other parameters/characteristics of the device.

A wireless receiver (e.g., a Type 2 device) may receive a signal and/or another signal from a wireless transmitter (e.g., a Type 1 device). The wireless receiver may receive another signal from another wireless transmitter (e.g., a second Type 1 device). The wireless transmitter may transmit a signal and/or another signal to another wireless receiver (e.g., a second Type 2 device). The wireless transmitter, wireless receiver, another wireless receiver, and/or another wireless transmitter may move with the object and/or another object. The other object may be tracked.

A Type 1 and/or Type 2 device may be capable of wireless coupling with at least two Type 2 and/or Type 1 devices. A Type 1 device may be triggered/controlled at another location in the location to switch/establish a wireless coupling (e.g., association, authentication) from a Type 2 device to a second Type 2 device. Similarly, a Type 2 device may be triggered/controlled at yet another location in the location to switch/establish a wireless coupling from a Type 1 device to a second Type 1 device. The switching may be controlled by a server (or hub device), a processor, a Type 1 device, a Type 2 device, and/or another device. The radios used before and after the switching may be different. A second wireless signal (second signal) may be transmitted through the channel between the Type 1 device and the second Type 2 device (or between the Type 2 device and the second Type 1 device). A second TSCI of the channel may be obtained from the second signal. The second signal may be the first signal. A characteristic of the object, STI, and/or another quantity may be monitored based on the second TSCI. The Type 1 and Type 2 devices may be the same. The characteristics, STIs, and/or other quantities with different timestamps may form a waveform. The waveform may be displayed in a presentation.

The wireless signal and/or another signal may have data embedded therein. The wireless signal may be a series of probe signals (e.g., repeated transmission of a probe signal, reuse of one or more probe signals). The probe signal may vary/change over time. The probe signal may be a standard-compliant signal, a protocol signal, a standardized wireless protocol signal, a control signal, a data signal, a wireless communication network signal, a cellular network signal, a WiFi signal, an LTE/5G/6G/7G signal, a reference signal, a beacon signal, a motion detection signal, and/or a motion sensing signal. The probe signal may be formatted according to a wireless network standard (e.g., WiFi), a cellular network standard (e.g., LTE/5G/6G), or another standard. The probe signal may include a packet having a header and a payload. The probe signal may have data embedded therein. The payload may include data. The probe signal may be replaced by a data signal. The probe signal may be embedded in a data signal. The wireless receiver, the wireless transmitter, the other wireless receiver, and/or the other wireless transmitter may be associated with at least one processor, a memory communicatively coupled to the respective processor, and/or a respective set of instructions stored in the memory that, when executed, cause the processor to perform any and/or all steps necessary to determine the object's STI (e.g., motion information), initial STI, initial time, direction, instantaneous position, instantaneous angle, and/or velocity.

The processor, memory, and/or set of instructions may be associated with a Type 1 device, at least one Type 2 device, an object, a device associated with the object, another device associated with the location, a cloud server, a hub device, and/or another server.

A Type 1 device can broadcast a signal to at least one Type 2 device(s) over a location channel. The signal is transmitted without the Type 1 device establishing a wireless connection (e.g., association, authentication) with any Type 2 device and without the Type 2 device requesting service from the Type 1 device. A Type 1 device can transmit to a specific media access control (MAC) address common to multiple Type 2 devices. Each Type 2 device can tune its MAC address to a specific MAC address. The specific MAC address can be associated with a location. The association can be recorded in an association table in an association server (e.g., a hub device). A location can be identified by a Type 1 device, a Type 2 device, and/or another device based on the specific MAC address, a series of probe signals, and/or at least one TSCI extracted from the probe signals.

For example, a Type 2 device may be moved to a new location (e.g., from another location) at a location. A Type 1 device may be newly configured at a location such that the Type 1 and Type 2 devices are unaware of each other. During setup, the Type 1 device may be instructed/guided/triggered/controlled (e.g., using a dummy receiver, using a hardware pin configuration/connection, using a saved configuration, using a local configuration, using a remote configuration, using a downloaded configuration, using a hub device, or using a server) to send a series of probe signals to a specific MAC address. Upon powering up, the Type 2 device may scan for probe signals according to a table (e.g., stored in a designated source, server, hub device, cloud server) of MAC addresses that can be used to broadcast in different locations (e.g., different MAC addresses used for different locations such as a house, office, enclosure, floor, multi-story building, store, airport, mall, stadium, hall, station, subway, lot, region, area, district, province, city, country, continent, etc.). When the Type 2 device detects a probe signal sent to a specific MAC address, the Type 2 device may use the table to identify the location based on the MAC address.

The location of a Type 2 device at a location may be calculated based on a specific MAC address, a series of probe signals, and/or at least one TSCI obtained by the Type 2 device from the probe signals. The calculation may be performed by the Type 2 device.

The specific MAC address may change (e.g., be adjusted, changed, modified) over time. It may change according to timetables, rules, policies, modes, conditions, circumstances, and/or changes. The specific MAC address may be selected based on MAC address availability, preselected lists, collision patterns, traffic patterns, data traffic between the Type 1 device and other devices, available bandwidth, random selection, and/or a MAC address switching plan. The specific MAC address may be the MAC address of a second wireless device (e.g., a dummy receiver or a receiver acting as a dummy receiver).

A Type 1 device may transmit a probe signal on a channel selected from a set of channels.

At least one CI for the selected channel may be obtained by each Type 2 device from a probe signal transmitted on the selected channel. The selected channel may be changed (e.g., adjusted, changed, modified) over time. The change may be according to a timetable, rule, policy, mode, condition, situation, and/or change. The selected channel may be selected based on channel availability, random selection, a preselected list, co-channel interference, inter-channel interference, channel traffic patterns, data traffic between the Type 1 device and another device, effective bandwidth associated with the channel, security criteria, channel switching plans, criteria, quality criteria, signal quality conditions, and/or considerations.

The specific MAC address and/or selected channel information can be communicated between a Type 1 device and a server (e.g., a hub device) over a network. The specific MAC address and/or selected channel information can also be communicated between a Type 2 device and a server (e.g., a hub device) over another network. A Type 2 device can communicate the specific MAC address and/or selected channel information to another Type 2 device (e.g., via a mesh network, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, NFC, ZigBee, etc.). The specific MAC address and/or selected channel can be selected by a server (e.g., a hub device). The specific MAC address and/or selected channel can be signaled in an announcement channel by a Type 1 device, a Type 2 device, and/or a server (e.g., a hub device). Any information can be preprocessed before being communicated.

A wireless connection (e.g., association, authentication) between a Type 1 device and another wireless device can be established (e.g., using a signal handshake). The Type 1 device can send a first handshake signal (e.g., a sounding frame, a probe signal, a request to send RTS) to the other device. The other device can respond by sending a second handshake signal (e.g., a command or a clear to send CTS) to the Type 1 device, triggering the Type 1 device to send a signal (e.g., a series of probe signals) in a broadcast manner to multiple Type 2 devices without establishing a connection with any Type 2 devices. The second handshake signal can be a response or acknowledgment (e.g., an ACK) to the first handshake signal. The second handshake signal can include data with location and/or Type 1 device information. The other device can be a dummy device with a purpose (e.g., primary purpose, secondary purpose) to establish a wireless connection with the Type 1 device, receive the first signal, and/or send the second signal. The other device can be physically attached to the Type 1 device.

In another example, another device can send a third handshake signal to a Type 1 device that triggers the Type 1 device to broadcast a signal (e.g., a series of probe signals) to multiple Type 2 devices without establishing a connection (e.g., association, authentication) with any of the Type 2 devices. The Type 1 device can respond to the third special signal by sending a fourth handshake signal to the other device. Another device can be used to trigger multiple Type 1 devices to broadcast. The triggering may be sequential, partially sequential, partially parallel, or fully parallel. The other device may have multiple radio circuits to trigger multiple transmitters in parallel. Parallel triggering can also be achieved by using at least one additional device to perform a trigger in parallel with the other device (as the other device does). The other device cannot communicate (or suspend communication) with the Type 1 device after establishing a connection with it. The suspended communication may resume. The other device can enter an inactive mode, dormant mode, sleep mode, standby mode, low power mode, OFF mode, and/or power-down mode after establishing a connection with the Type 1 device. The other device may have a specific MAC address such that the Type 1 device sends signals to the specific MAC address. The Type 1 device and/or the other device may be controlled and/or coordinated by a first processor associated with the Type 1 device, a second processor associated with the other device, a third processor associated with the specified source, and/or a fourth processor associated with the other device. The first and second processors may coordinate with each other.

A first series of probe signals may be transmitted by a first antenna of the Type 1 device to at least one first Type 2 device through a first channel at a first location. A second series of probe signals may be transmitted by a second antenna of the Type 1 device to at least one second Type 2 device through a second channel at a second location. The first series of probe signals and the second series of probe signals may be different/not different. The at least one first Type 2 device may be different/not different from the at least one second Type 2 device. The first and/or second series of probe signals may be broadcast without an established connection (e.g., association, authentication) between the Type 1 device and any Type 2 device. The first and second antennas may be the same/different.

The two locations may have different sizes, shapes, and multipath characteristics. The first and second locations may overlap. The immediate areas near the first and second antennas may overlap. The first and second channels may be the same or different. For example, the first may be WiFi and the second may be LTE. Or, both may be WiFi, but the first may be 2.4 GHz WiFi and the second may be 5 GHz WiFi. Or, both may be 2.4 GHz WiFi, but with different channel numbers, SSID names, and/or WiFi settings.

Each Type 2 device can obtain at least one TSCI from each series of probe signals, where CI is each channel between the Type 2 device and the Type 1 device. Some of the first Type 2 device(s) and some of the second Type 2 device(s) may be the same. The first and second series of probe signals may be synchronous/asynchronous. The probe signals may be transmitted with data or may be replaced by data signals. The first antenna and the second antenna may be the same.

The first series of probe signals may be transmitted at a first rate (e.g., 30 Hz). The second series of probe signals may be transmitted at a second rate (e.g., 200 Hz). The first and second rates can be the same or different. The first and/or second rates can be changed (e.g., adjusted, varied, modified) over time. The change can be according to a schedule, rule, policy, mode, condition, situation, and/or change. Any rate can be changed (e.g., adjusted, varied, modified) over time.

The first and/or second series of probe signals may be transmitted to a first MAC address and/or a second MAC address, respectively. The two MAC addresses may be the same or different. The first series of probe signals may be transmitted within a first channel. The second series of probe signals may be transmitted within a second channel. The two channels may be the same or different. The first or second MAC address, and the first or second channel, may change over time. Any changes may be in accordance with a timetable, rule, policy, mode, state, condition, and/or change.

A Type 1 device and another device may be controlled and/or coordinated, physically attached to a common device, or of/within a common device. They may be controlled by/connected to a common data processor or connected to a common bus interconnect/network/LAN/Bluetooth network/NFC network/BLE/wired network/wireless network/mesh network/mobile network/cloud. They may share common memory or be associated with a common user, user device, profile, account, identity (ID), identifier, home, residence, physical address, location, geographic coordinates, IP subnet, SSID, home device, office device, and/or manufacturing device.

Each Type 1 device may be a signal source for a respective set of Type 2 devices (i.e., it sends a respective signal (e.g., a respective series of probe signals) to a respective set of Type 2 devices). Each Type 2 device selects a Type 1 device from all Type 1 devices as its signal source. Each Type 2 device may be selected asynchronously. At least one TSCI may be obtained by each Type 2 device from a respective series of probe signals from the Type 1 device, and the CI is a channel between the Type 2 device and the Type 1 device.

Each Type 2 device selects a Type 1 device as its signal source from among all Type 1 devices based on the identity (ID) or Type 1/Type 2 device identifier, the task to be performed, past signal sources, history (e.g., of past signal sources, the Type 1 device, another Type 1 device, each Type 2 receiver, and/or another Type 2 receiver), a threshold for switching signal sources, and/or user information, account, access information, parameters, characteristics, and/or signal strength (e.g., associated with the Type 1 device and/or each Type 2 receiver).

Initially, at the first time, a Type 1 device can be the signal source for each of the initial sets of Type 2 devices (i.e., the Type 1 device sends a respective signal (series of probe signals) to each of the initial sets of Type 2 devices). Each initial respective Type 2 device selects a Type 1 device from among all Type 1 devices as its signal source.

A particular Type 2 device signal source (Type 1 device) may be changed (e.g., adjusted, altered, modified) if: (1) the time interval between two adjacent probe signals (e.g., between the current probe signal and the immediately previous probe signal, or between the next probe signal and the current probe signal) received from the Type 2 device's current signal source exceeds a first threshold; (2) the signal strength associated with the Type 2 device's current signal source is less than a second threshold; (3) the processed signal strength associated with the Type 2 device's current signal source is less than a third threshold, and the signal strength is processed with a low-pass filter, band-pass filter, median filter, moving average filter, weighted average filter, linear filter, and/or nonlinear filter; and/or (4) the signal strength (or processed signal strength) associated with the Type 2 device's current signal source is below a fourth threshold for a significant percentage (e.g., 70%, 80%, 90%) of the recent time window. The percentage can exceed a fifth threshold. The first, second, third, fourth and/or fifth thresholds may be time-varying.

Condition (1) can occur when a Type 1 device and a Type 2 device gradually move farther away from each other, resulting in some probe signals from the Type 1 device becoming too weak to be received by the Type 2 device. Conditions (2) through (4) can occur when the two devices move far enough away from each other that the signal strength becomes very weak.

The signal source of a Type 2 device may not change if another Type 1 device has a signal strength weaker than the current signal source by a factor (e.g., 1, 1.1, 1.2, or 1.5).

If the signal source is changed (adjusted, modified, modified, etc.), a new signal source may become effective in the near future (e.g., each next time). The new signal source may be the Type 1 device with the strongest signal strength and/or processed signal strength. The current signal source and the new signal source may be the same or different.

A list of available Type 1 devices may be initialized and maintained by each Type 2 device. The list may be updated by examining signal strengths and/or processed signal strengths associated with each set of Type 1 devices. A Type 2 device may select between a first set of probe signals from a first Type 1 device and a second set of probe signals from a second Type 1 device based on their respective probe signal rates, MAC addresses, channels, characteristics/properties/status, the task to be performed by the Type 2 device, the first and second set of signal strengths, and/or other considerations.

The series of probe signals may be transmitted at a constant rate (e.g., 100 Hz). The series of probe signals may be scheduled at regular intervals (e.g., 0.01 s for 100 Hz), although each probe signal may experience small time perturbations, possibly due to timing requirements, timing control, network control, handshaking, message passing, collision avoidance, carrier sensing, congestion, resource availability, and/or other considerations.

The rate may be changed (e.g., adjusted, modified, or amended). The change may be according to a schedule (e.g., hourly), a rule, a policy, a mode, a condition, and/or a change (e.g., whenever an event occurs). For example, the rate may normally be 100 Hz, but may be changed to 1000 Hz in demanding situations, or to 1 Hz in low power/standby situations. The probe signal may be transmitted in bursts.

The probe signal rate may vary based on the task being performed by the Type 1 or Type 2 device (e.g., a task may require 100 Hz normally, but temporarily 1000 Hz for 20 seconds). In one example, transmitters (Type 1 devices), receivers (Type 2 devices), and associated tasks may be adaptively (and/or dynamically) associated with classes (e.g., low priority, high priority, emergency, critical, normal, privileged, non-subscribed, subscribed, paid, and/or unpaid classes). The (transmitter's) rate may be adjusted for some classes (e.g., high priority classes). If the needs of that class change, the rate can be changed (e.g., adjusted, modified, modified). If the receiver has critically low power, the rate may be reduced to reduce the receiver's power consumption for responding to the probe signal. In one example, the probe signal may be used to wirelessly transfer power to the receiver (Type 2 device), and the rate may be adjusted to control the amount of power transferred to the receiver.

Rates can be changed by (or based on): a server (e.g., a hub device), a Type 1 device, and/or a Type 2 device. Control signals may be communicated between them. The server can monitor, track, predict, and/or forecast the needs of and/or tasks performed by the Type 2 devices, and control the Type 1 devices to change the rates. The server can make scheduled changes to the rates according to a timetable. The server can detect an emergency and change the rates immediately. The server can detect developing conditions and gradually adjust the rates.

Characteristics and/or STI (e.g., movement information) may be monitored individually based on TSCI associated with a particular Type 1 device and a particular Type 2 device, and/or jointly based on any TSCI associated with a particular Type 1 device and any Type 2 device, and/or jointly based on any TSCI associated with a particular Type 2 device and any Type 1 device, and/or globally based on any TSCI associated with any Type 1 device and any Type 2 device. Any joint monitoring may relate to: a user, a user account, a profile, a home, a map of the location, an environmental model of the location, and/or a user history, etc.

A first channel between a Type 1 device and a Type 2 device may be different from a second channel between another Type 1 device and another Type 2 device. The two channels may be associated with different frequency bands, bandwidths, carrier frequencies, modulations, wireless standards, coding, encryption, payload characteristics, networks, network IDs, SSIDs, network characteristics, network settings, and/or network parameters, etc.

The two channels can relate to different types of wireless systems (e.g., two of the following: WiFi, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-U, 2.5G, 3G, 3.5G, 4G, Beyond 4G, 5G, 6G, 7G, cellular network standards, UMTS, 3GPP, GSM, EDGE, TDMA, FDMA, CDMA, WCDMA, TD-SCDMA, 802.11 systems, 802.15 systems, 802.16 systems, mesh networks, Zigbee, NFC, WiMax, Bluetooth, BLE, RFID, UWB, microwave systems, radar-like systems). For example, one channel can be WiFi and the other can be LTE.

Two channels may be associated with similar types of wireless systems, but different networks. For example, a first channel may be associated with a WiFi network named "Pizza and Pizza" in the 2.4 GHz band with a bandwidth of 20 MHz, while a second channel may be associated with a WiFi network with an SSID of "StarBud Hotspot" in the 5 GHz band with a bandwidth of 40 MHz. The two channels may be different channels within the same network (e.g., the "StarBud Hotspot" network).

In one embodiment, the wireless monitoring system can include training a classifier for multiple events at a location based on training TSCIs associated with the multiple events. The CI or TSCI associated with an event can take into account/include wireless samples/characteristics/fingerprints associated with the event (and/or location, environment, object, object movement, state/emotional state/mental state/condition/stage/gesture/gait/action/movement/activity/daily activity/history/event of the object, etc.).

For each of a plurality of known events occurring at a location at a respective training (e.g., survey, wireless survey, initial wireless survey) time associated with the known event, a respective training wireless signal (e.g., a respective series of training probe signals) may be transmitted to at least one first Type 2 heterogeneous wireless device through a wireless multipath channel at the location at the respective training time by an antenna of the first Type 1 heterogeneous wireless device using a processor, memory, and set of instructions of the first Type 1 device.

At least one respective time series of training CIs (training TSCIs) may be asynchronously acquired by each of the at least one first Type 2 device from the (respective) training signal. The CIs may be CIs of a channel between the first Type 2 device and the first Type 1 device at a training time associated with a known event. The at least one training TSCI may be preprocessed. The training may be a wireless survey (e.g., during installation of the Type 1 and/or Type 2 devices).

For a current event occurring within the location in a current time period, a current wireless signal (e.g., a series of current probe signals) may be transmitted to at least one second Type 2 heterogeneous wireless device through a channel of the location in a current time period related to the current event by an antenna of the second Type 1 heterogeneous wireless device using the processor, memory, and set of instructions of the second Type 1 device.

At least one time series of current CI (current TSCI) may be asynchronously acquired by each of the at least one second Type 2 device from a current signal (e.g., a series of current probe signals). The CI may be CI of a channel between the second Type 2 device and the second Type 1 device at a current time period associated with a current event. The at least one current TSCI may be preprocessed.

A classifier may be applied by at least one second Type 2 device to classify at least one current TSCI obtained from the series of current probe signals, to classify at least a portion of a particular current TSCI, and/or to classify a combination of at least a portion of a particular current TSCI with another portion of another TSCI. The classifier may divide the TSCIs (or features/STIs or other analysis or output responses) into clusters and associate the clusters with particular events/objects/subjects/locations/movements/activities. Labels/tags may be generated for the clusters. The clusters may be stored and searched. A classifier may be applied to associate the current TSCI (or possibly a characteristic/STI or other analysis/output response related to the current event) with: a cluster, a known/specific event, a class/category/group/grouping/list/cluster, a set of known events/object/location/movement/activity, an unknown event, a class/category/group/grouping/list/cluster, a set of unknown events/object/location/movement/activity, and/or another event/object/location/movement/activity/class/category/group/grouping/list/cluster. Each TSCI may include at least one CI, each associated with a respective timestamp. Two TSCIs associated with two Type 2 devices differ by different start times, durations, stop times, amount of CI, sampling frequency, and sampling period. The CIs may have different characteristics. The first and second Type 1 devices may be at the same location. They may be the same device. At least one second Type 2 device (or its location) may be a replacement for at least one first Type 2 device (or its location). A particular second Type 2 device and a particular first Type 2 device may be the same device.

The subset of first type-2 devices and the subset of second type-2 devices may be the same. At least one second type-2 device and/or at least one subset of second type-2 devices may be a subset of at least one first type-2 device. At least one first type-2 device and/or at least one subset of first type-2 devices may be a replacement for at least one subset of second type-2 devices. At least one second type-2 device and/or at least one subset of second type-2 devices may be a replacement for at least one subset of first type-2 devices. At least one second type-2 device and/or at least one subset of second type-2 devices may be in the same respective locations as at least one subset of first type-2 devices. At least one first type-2 device and/or at least one subset of first type-2 devices may be in the same respective locations as at least one subset of second type-2 devices.

The antenna of the Type 1 device and the antenna of the second Type 1 device may be in the same location. The antenna of at least one second Type 2 device and/or the antenna of a subset of at least one second Type 2 device may be in the same respective location as the respective antenna of the subset of at least one first Type 2 device. The antenna of at least one first Type 2 device and/or the antenna of at least one subset of at least one first Type 2 device may be in the same respective location as the respective antenna of the subset of at least one second Type 2 device.

A first section of a first duration of a first TSCI and a second section of a second duration of a second TSCI may be aligned. A map between the items of the first section and the items of the second section may be calculated. The first section may include a first segment (e.g., a subset) of the first TSCI having a first start/end time and/or another segment (e.g., a subset) of the processed first TSCI. The processed first TSCI may be the first TSCI processed by the first operation. The second section may include a second segment (e.g., a subset) of the second TSCI having a second start time and a second end time, as well as another segment (e.g., a subset) of the processed second TSCI. The processed second TSCI may be the second TSCI processed by the second operation. The first operation and/or the second operation may include subsampling, resampling, interpolation, filtering, transformation, feature extraction, preprocessing, and/or other operations.

A first item in a first section may be mapped to a second item in a second section. A first item in a first section may also be mapped to another item in a second section. Another item in a first section may also be mapped to a second item in a second section. The mapping may be one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one, or many-to-many. At least one function of at least one of the first item in a first section of a first TSCI, another item in a first TSCI, the timestamp of the first item, the time difference of the first item, the time difference of the first item, the adjacent timestamp of the first item, the adjacent timestamp of the first item, the other timestamp related to the first item, the second item in a second section of a second TSCI, the other item in a second TSCI, the timestamp of the second item, the time difference of the second item, the time difference of the second item, the adjacent timestamp of the second item, and the other timestamp related to the second item may satisfy at least one constraint.

One constraint may be that the difference between the timestamp of the first item and the timestamp of the second item may be bounded upper by an adaptive (and/or dynamically adjusted) upper threshold and lower by an adaptive lower threshold.

The first section may be the entire first TSCI. The second section may be the entire second TSCI. The first time duration may be equal to the second time duration. The time duration sections of the TSCI may be determined adaptively (and/or dynamically). A provisional section of the TSCI may be calculated. The start and end times of a section (e.g., provisional section, section) may be determined. The section may be determined by removing the start and end portions of the provisional section. The start portion of the provisional section may be determined as follows: Iteratively, items in the provisional section with increasing timestamps may be considered as the current item, one item at a time.

At each iteration, at least one activity measure/index may be calculated and/or considered. The at least one activity measure may be associated with at least one of the following: a current item associated with the current timestamp; a past item in the provisional section with a timestamp not greater than the current timestamp; and/or a future item in the provisional section with a timestamp not less than the current timestamp. If at least one criterion (e.g., quality criterion, signal quality condition) associated with the at least one activity measure is met, the current item may be added to the beginning of the provisional section.

At least one criterion associated with the activity measure may include at least one of the following: (a) the activity measure is less than an adaptive (dynamically adjusted) upper threshold; (b) the activity measure is greater than an adaptive lower threshold; (c) the activity measure is less than an adaptive upper threshold consecutively for at least a predetermined amount of consecutive timestamps; (d) the activity measure is greater than an adaptive lower threshold consecutively for at least another predetermined amount of consecutive timestamps; (e) the activity measure is less than an adaptive upper threshold consecutively for at least a predetermined percentage of a predetermined amount of consecutive timestamps; (f) the activity measure is greater than an adaptive lower threshold consecutively for at least another predetermined percentage of another predetermined amount of consecutive timestamps; (g) another activity measure associated with another timestamp related to the current timestamp is less than another adaptive upper threshold and greater than another adaptive lower threshold; or (h) at least one activity measure associated with at least one respective timestamp related to the current timestamp is less than a respective upper threshold and greater than a respective lower threshold. (i) the percentage of timestamps associated with the activity measures in the set of timestamps associated with the current timestamp that are less than their respective upper thresholds and greater than their respective lower thresholds exceeds a threshold; and (j) another criterion (e.g., quality criterion, signal quality condition).

The activity measure/index associated with an item at time T1 may include at least one of the following: (1) a first function of the item at time T1 and the item at time T1-D1, where D1 is a predetermined positive quantity (e.g., a fixed time offset); (2) a second function of the item at time T1 and the item at time T1+D1; (3) a third function of the item at time T1 and the item at time T2, where T2 is a predetermined quantity (e.g., a fixed initial reference time; T2 may change (e.g., be adjusted, varied, modified) over time; T2 may be updated periodically; T2 may be the start of a period and T1 may be a sliding time within the period); and (4) a fourth function of the item at time T1 and other items.

At least one of the first function, second function, third function, and/or fourth function may be a function (e.g., F(X, Y,...)) with at least two arguments X and Y. The two arguments may be scalars. The function (e.g., F) may be at least one of X, Y, (X-Y), (Y-X), abs(X-Y), X^a, Y^b, abs(X^a-Y^b), (X-Y)^a, (X/Y), (X+a)/(Y+b), (X^a/Y^b), and ((X/Y)^a-b), where a and b may be certain predetermined quantities. For example, the function may be simply abs(X-Y), or (X-Y)^2, (X-Y)^4. The function may be a robust function. For example, the function is (X-Y)^2 when abs(X-Y) is less than a threshold T, and (X-Y) + a when abs(X-Y) is greater than T. Alternatively, the function may be a constant when abs(X-Y) is greater than T. Also, when abs(X-y) is greater than T, the function may be bounded by a slowly increasing function so that outliers cannot significantly affect the results. Another example of this function may be (abs(X/Y)-a) where a=1. Thus, when X=Y (i.e., no change or activity), the function yields a value of 0. When X is greater than Y, (X/Y) is greater than 1 (assuming X and Y are positive), and the function is positive. When X is less than Y, (X/Y) is less than 1, and the function is negative. In another example, both arguments X and Y may be n-tuples, with X = (x_1, x_2, ..., x_n) and Y = (y_1, y_2, ..., y_n). The function may be at least one of x_i, y_i, (x_i - y_i), (y_ix_i), abs(x_i - y_i), x_i^a, y_i^b, abs(x_i^a - y_i^b), (x_i - y_i)^a, (x_i/y_i), (x_i + a)/(y_i + b), (x_i^a/y_i^b), and ((x_i/y_i)^a - b), where i is a component index of the n-tuples X and Y, and 1 <= i <= n. For example, the component index of x_1 is i = 1 and the component index of x_2 is i = 2. The functions can include a sum of another function per component of at least one of x_i, y_i, (x_i - y_i), (y_ix_i), abs(x_i - y_i), x_i^a, y_i^b, abs(x_i^a - y_i^b), (x_i - y_i)^a, (x_i/y_i), (x_i + a)/(y_i + b), (x_i^a/y_i^b), and ((x_i/y_i)^a - b), where i is the component index of the n-tuples X and Y. For example, this function could be of the form sum_{i=1}^n(abs(x_i/y_i)-1)/n, or sum_{i=1}^nw_i*(abs(x_i/y_i)-1), where w_i is the weight of component i.

The map may be computed using dynamic time warping (DTW). The DTW may include constraints on at least one of the map, the items of the first TSCI, the items of the second TSCI, the first duration, the second duration, the first section, and/or the second section. Suppose that in the map, the i^{th} domain item is mapped to the j^{th} range item. The constraints may be on the allowable combinations of i and j (constraints on the relationship between i and j). A mismatch cost may be computed between the first section of the first duration of the first TSCI and the second section of the second duration of the second TSCI.

The first section and the second section may be aligned such that a map including multiple links may be established between a first item of a first TSCI and a second item of a second TSCI. Each link may associate one of the first items with a first timestamp and one of the second items with a second timestamp. A mismatch cost between the aligned first section and the aligned second section may be calculated. The mismatch cost may include a function of a cost for the items between the first item and the second item associated by a particular link in the map and a link-wise cost for the link associated with the particular link in the map.

The aligned first section and the aligned second section may be represented as a first vector and a second vector, respectively, of the same vector length. The mismatch cost may include at least one of a dot product, a dot product-like measure, a correlation-based measure, a correlation indicator, a covariance-based measure, a discrimination score, a distance, a Euclidean distance, an absolute distance, an Lk distance (e.g., L1, L2, ...), a weighted distance, a distance-like measure, and/or another similarity value between the first vector and the second vector. The mismatch cost may be normalized by the respective vector lengths.

Parameters derived from the mismatch cost between a first section of a first duration of a first TSCI and a second section of a second duration of a second TSCI may be modeled with a statistical distribution. At least one of a scale parameter, a position parameter, and/or another parameter of the statistical distribution may be estimated.

The first section of the first duration of the first TSCI may be the sliding section of the first TSCI. The second section of the second duration of the second TSCI may be the sliding section of the second TSCI.

A first sliding window may be applied to a first TSCI, and a corresponding second sliding window may be applied to a second TSCI. The first sliding window of the first TSCI and the corresponding second sliding window of the second TSCI may be aligned.

A mismatch cost may be calculated between the aligned first sliding window of the first TSCI and the corresponding aligned second sliding window of the second TSCI. The current event may be associated with at least one of a known event, an unknown event, and/or another event based on the mismatch cost.

The classifier may be applied to at least one of each first section of the first duration of the first TSCI and/or each second section of the second duration of the second TSCI to obtain at least one provisional classification result. Each provisional classification result may be associated with a respective first section and a respective second section.

The current event may be associated with at least one of a known event, an unknown event, a class/category/group/grouping/list/set of unknown events, and/or another event based on the mismatch cost. The current event may be associated with at least one of a known event, an unknown event, and/or another event based on the most numerous provisional classification results in the multiple sections of the first TSCI and the multiple sections of the corresponding second TSCI. For example, if the mismatch cost points to a specific known event for N consecutive times (e.g., N=10), the current event may be associated with the specific known event. In another example, the current event may be associated with the specific known event if the percentage of mismatch costs within the immediately preceding N consecutive times that point to the specific known event exceeds a predetermined threshold (e.g., >80%).

In another example, the current event may be associated with a known event that achieves the smallest mismatch cost for the greatest number of times in time. The current event may be associated with a known event that achieves the smallest overall mismatch cost, which is a weighted average of at least one mismatch cost associated with at least one first section. The current event may be associated with a particular known event that achieves another minimum overall cost. The current event may be associated with an "unknown event" if none of the known events achieves a mismatch cost below a first threshold T1 in a sufficient percentage of at least one first section. The current event may also be associated with an "unknown event" if none of the events achieves an overall mismatch cost below a second threshold T2. The current event may be associated with at least one of a known event, an unknown event, and/or another event based on the mismatch cost and additional mismatch cost associated with at least one additional section of the first TSCI and at least one additional section of the second TSCI. The known events may include at least one of a door closed event, a door open event, a window closed event, a window open event, a multi-state event, an on-state event, an off-state event, an intermediate state event, a continuous state event, a discrete state event, a person present event, a person absent event, a life present event, and/or a life absent event.

A projection for each CI may be trained using a dimensionality reduction method based on the training TSCI. The dimensionality reduction method may include at least one of principal component analysis (PCA), PCA with different kernels, independent component analysis (ICA), Fisher's linear discriminant, vector quantization, supervised learning, unsupervised learning, self-organizing maps, autoencoders, neural networks, deep neural networks, and/or another method. The projection may be applied to at least one of the training TSCI associated with at least one event and/or the current TSCI for the classifier.

A classifier for at least one event may be trained based on a projection associated with the at least one event and an associated training TSCI. At least one current TSCI may be classified/categorized based on the projection and the current TSCI. The projection may be retrained using at least one of a dimensionality reduction method and another dimensionality reduction method based on at least one of the training TSCI, the at least one current TSCI before retraining the projection, and/or additional training TSCI. Other dimensionality reduction methods may include at least one of principal component analysis (PCA), PCA with different kernels, independent component analysis (ICA), Fisher's linear discriminant, vector quantization, supervised learning, unsupervised learning, self-organizing maps, autoencoders, neural networks, deep neural networks, and/or yet another method. A classifier for at least one event may be retrained based on at least one of the retrained projection, the training TSCI associated with the at least one event, and/or the at least one current TSCI. At least one current TSCI may be classified based on the retrained projections, the retrained classifier, and/or the current TSCI.

Each CI may include a vector of complex values. Each complex value may be preprocessed to provide a magnitude of the complex value. Each CI may be preprocessed to provide a vector of non-negative real numbers containing the magnitude of the corresponding complex value. Each training TSCI may be weighted in training the projection. The projection may include multiple projection components. The projection may include at least one most significant projection component. The projection may include at least one projected component that may be useful to the classifier.

Channel / Channel information / Venue / Spatial-temporal information / Movement / Object

Channel information (CI) includes signal strength, signal amplitude, signal phase, spectral power measures, modem parameters (e.g., used in connection with modulation/demodulation in digital communication systems such as Wi-Fi, 4G/LTE, etc.), dynamic beamforming information, transfer function components, radio conditions (e.g., used in digital communication systems to decode digital data, baseband processing conditions, RF processing conditions, etc.), measurable variables, sensing data, layer coarse-grained/fine-grained information (e.g., physical layer, data link layer, MAC layer, etc.), digital settings, gain settings, RF filter settings, RF front-end switch settings, DC offset settings, DC correction settings, IQ correction settings, effects of the environment (e.g., location) on the radio signal during propagation, input signal (radio signal transmitted by a Type 1 device) and output signal (type 2) The CI may be associated with/include a transformation of the CI into a signal (wireless signal received by a second device), steady behavior of the environment, a condition profile, wireless channel measurements, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI), channel state information (CSI), a channel impulse response (CFR), a channel frequency response (CFR), characteristics of frequency components (e.g., subcarriers) in a bandwidth, channel characteristics, channel response, a timestamp, auxiliary information, data, metadata, user data, account data, access data, security data, session data, status data, supervisory data, home data, identification (ID), identifier, device data, network data, proximity data, environmental data, real-time data, sensor data, stored data, encrypted data, compressed data, protected data, and/or other channel information. Each CI may be associated with a timestamp and/or a time of arrival. The CSI can equalize/restore/minimize/reduce multipath channel effects (transmission channel) and demodulate a signal similar to that transmitted by a transmitter through the multipath channel. CI may be associated with information related to the frequency band, frequency signature, frequency phase, frequency amplitude, frequency trend, frequency characteristics, frequency-like characteristics, time-domain elements, frequency-domain elements, time-frequency domain elements, orthogonal decomposition characteristics, and/or non-orthogonal decomposition characteristics of a signal passing through a channel. TSCI may be a stream of wireless signals (e.g., CI).

CI may be pre-processed, processed, post-processed, stored (e.g., in local memory, portable/mobile memory, removable memory, a storage network, cloud memory, in a volatile manner, in a non-volatile manner), retrieved, transmitted, and/or received. One or more modem parameters and/or radio condition parameters may be kept constant. The modem parameters may be applied to a radio subsystem. The modem parameters may represent radio conditions. A motion detection signal (e.g., a baseband signal and/or packets decoded/demodulated from the baseband signal, etc.) may be obtained by processing (e.g., downconverting) a first radio signal (e.g., an RF/WiFi/LTE/5G signal) by the radio subsystem using the radio conditions represented by the stored modem parameters. The modem parameters/radio conditions may be updated (e.g., using previous modem parameters or previous radio conditions). Both the previous and updated modem parameters/radio conditions may be applied to a radio subsystem of a digital communication system. Both the previous and updated modem parameters/radio conditions may be compared/analyzed/processed/monitored in a task.

The channel information may also be modem parameters (e.g., stored or newly calculated) used to process the wireless signal. The wireless signal may include multiple probe signals. The same modem parameters can be used to process multiple probe signals. The same modem parameters can also be used to process multiple wireless signals. The modem parameters may include parameters indicating settings or overall configurations for operation of the radio subsystem or baseband subsystem (or both) of the wireless sensor device. The modem parameters may include one or more of gain settings, RF filter settings, RF front-end switch settings, DC offset settings, or IQ compensation settings for the radio subsystem, or digital DC correction settings, digital gain settings, and/or digital filtering settings (e.g., for the baseband subsystem). CI may also relate to information related to time, time signature, time stamp, time amplitude, time phase, time trend, and/or time characteristics of a signal. CI may be associated with information related to the time-frequency division, signature, amplitude, phase, trend, and/or characteristics of a signal. CI may relate to signal decomposition. A CI may relate to information related to the direction, angle of arrival (AoA), angle of a directional antenna, and/or phase of a signal passing through a channel. A CI may relate to the attenuation pattern of a signal passing through a channel. Each CI may be associated with a Type 1 device and a Type 2 device. Each CI may be associated with an antenna of a Type 1 device and an antenna of a Type 2 device.

The CI can be obtained from communications hardware (e.g., a Type 2 device or a Type 1 device) capable of providing the CI. The communications hardware can be a WiFi-enabled chip/IC (integrated circuit), a chip compliant with 802.11 or 802.16 or other wireless/wireless standards, a next-generation WiFi-enabled chip, an LTE-enabled chip, a 5G-enabled chip, a 6G/7G/8G-enabled chip, a Bluetooth-enabled chip, an NFC (near field communication)-enabled chip, a BLE (Bluetooth low energy)-enabled chip, an UWB chip, or other communications chips (e.g., Zigbee, WiMax, mesh networks). The communications hardware calculates the CI and stores the CI in a buffer memory so that the CI is available for extraction. The CI can include data related to channel state information (CSI) and/or at least one matrix. The at least one matrix can be used for channel equalization, beamforming, etc. A channel may be associated with a location. Attenuation may be due to signal propagation at the location, signal propagation through/at/near the air (e.g., the air at the location), reflection, refraction, diffraction, refractive media, reflective surfaces such as walls, doors, furniture, obstacles, and/or barriers, etc. Attenuation may be due to reflections from surfaces and obstacles (e.g., reflective surfaces, obstacles) such as floors, ceilings, furniture, fixtures, objects, people, pets, etc. Each CI may be associated with a timestamp. Each CI may include N1 components (e.g., N1 frequency-domain components in a CFR, N1 time-domain components in a CIR, or N1 decomposed components). Each component may be associated with a component index. Each component may be a real, imaginary, or complex quantity, magnitude, phase, flag, and/or set. Each CI may include a vector or matrix of complex numbers, a set of mixed quantities, and/or a multidimensional collection of at least one complex number.

The components of the TSCI associated with a particular component index may form respective component time series associated with the respective index. The TSCI may be divided into N1 component time series. Each individual component time series is associated with a respective component index. Object motion characteristics/STI may be monitored based on the component time series. In one example, one or more ranges of CI components (e.g., one range from component 11 to component 23, a second range from component 44 to component 50, and a third range having only one component) may be selected based on some criteria/cost function/signal quality metric (e.g., based on signal-to-noise ratio and/or interference level) for further processing.

Component-wise characteristics of the TSCI component-feature time series may be calculated. The component-wise characteristics may be scalars (e.g., energy) or functions with domains and ranges (e.g., autocorrelation functions, transforms, inverse transforms). Object motion characteristics/STI may be monitored based on the component-wise characteristics. A total characteristic (e.g., aggregate characteristic) of the TSCI may be calculated based on the component-wise characteristics of each TSCI component time series. The total characteristic may be a weighted average of the component-wise characteristics. Object motion characteristics/STI may be monitored based on the total characteristic. The total amount may be a weighted average of the individual amounts.

Type 1 and Type 2 devices may support Wi-Fi, WiMax, 3G/3G Beyond, 4G/4G Beyond, LTE, LTE-A, 5G, 6G, 7G, Bluetooth, NFC, BLE, Zigbee, UWB, UMTS, 3GPP, GSM, EDGE, TDMA, FDMA, CDMA, WCDMA, TD-SCDMA, mesh networks, proprietary wireless systems, IEEE 802.11 standard, 802.15 standard, 802.16 standard, 3GPP standard, and/or other wireless systems.

A common wireless system and/or a common wireless channel may be shared by a Type 1 transceiver and/or at least one Type 2 transceiver. The at least one Type 2 transceiver may transmit their respective signals simultaneously (or: asynchronously, synchronously, sporadically, continuously, repeatedly, in parallel, simultaneously, and/or simultaneously) using the common wireless system and/or the common wireless channel. The Type 1 transceiver may transmit signals to the at least one Type 2 transceiver using the common wireless system and/or the common wireless channel.

Each Type 1 device and Type 2 device may have at least one transmit and receive antenna. Each CI may be associated with one of the transmit antennas of the Type 1 device and one of the receive antennas of the Type 2 device. Each pair of transmit and receive antennas may be associated with a link, path, communication path, signal hardware path, etc. For example, if a Type 1 device has M (e.g., 3) transmit antennas and a Type 2 device has N (e.g., 2) receive antennas, there may be M x N (e.g., 3 x 2 = 6) links or paths. Each link or path may be associated with a TSCI.

At least one TSCI may correspond to various antenna pairs between the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device. The Type 1 device may have at least one antenna. The Type 2 device may also have at least one antenna. Each TSCI may be associated with an antenna of the Type 1 device and an antenna of the Type 2 device. Averaging or weighted averaging across antenna links may be performed. The averaging or weighted averaging may be across at least one TSCI. The averaging may optionally be performed over a subset of the at least one TSCI corresponding to a subset of the antenna pairs.

The timestamps of some CIs in a TSCI may be irregular and may be corrected so that the corrected timestamps of the time-corrected CIs are evenly spaced in time. In the case of multiple Type 1 devices and/or multiple Type 2 devices, the corrected timestamps may relate to the same clock or different clocks. An original timestamp associated with each of the CIs may be determined. The original timestamps may not be evenly spaced in time. The original timestamps of all CIs in a particular part of a particular TSCI in the current sliding time window may be corrected so that the corrected timestamps of the time-corrected CIs are evenly spaced in time.

Characteristics and/or STI (e.g., movement information) may include location, location coordinates, change in location, location (e.g., initial location, new location), location on map, height, horizontal position, vertical position, distance, displacement, speed, acceleration, rotational speed, rotational acceleration, direction, movement angle, orientation, direction of movement, rotation, path, deformation, translation, contraction, extension, gait, gait cycle, head movement, repetitive movement, periodic movement, pseudo-periodic movement, impulse movement, sudden movement, falling movement, transient movement, behavior, transient behavior, movement cycle, movement frequency, time trend, temporal profile, temporal characteristics, occurrence, change, temporal change, change in CI, change in frequency, change in timing, change in gait cycle, timing, start time, start time, end time, duration, movement history, movement type, movement classification, frequency, frequency spectrum, frequency characteristics, presence, absence, proximity, proximity , regress, object identification/identifier, object composition, head movement velocity, head movement direction, mouth-related rate, eye-related rate, breathing rate, heart rate, tidal volume, breathing depth, inhalation time, exhalation time, inhalation to sweep time ratio, airflow rate, heart rate interval, heart rate variability, hand movement rate, hand movement direction, leg movement, body movement, walking speed, hand movement velocity, position characteristics, object movement related characteristics (e.g., change in position/location), tool movement, machine movement, compound movement, and/or combination of multiple movements, event, signal statistics, signal dynamics, anomaly, movement statistics, movement parameters, motion detection indication, motion magnitude, motion phase, similarity score, distance score, Euclidean distance, weighted distance, L_1 norm, L_2 norm, L_k norm for k>2, statistical distance, correlation, correlation indicator, Autocorrelation, covariance, autocovariance, cross-covariance, inner product, Cartesian product, motion signal transformation, motion features, motion presence, motion absence, motion localization, motion discrimination, motion recognition, object presence, object absence, object entrance, object exit, object change, movement cycle, movement count, gait cycle, movement rhythm, movement deformation, gesture, handwriting, head movement, mouth movement, cardiac movement, visceral movement, motion trend, size, length, area, volume, volume, shape, form, tag, start/start position, end position, start/start amount, end amount, event, fall event, security The characteristics and/or STI may include security events, accident events, home events, office events, factory events, warehouse events, manufacturing events, assembly line events, maintenance events, car-related events, navigation events, tracking events, door events, door open events, door close events, window events, window open events, window closed events, repeatable events, one-time events, consumption, non-consumption, status, physical status, health status, comfort status, emotional status, mental status, other events, analysis, output response, and/or other information. Characteristics and/or STI may be calculated/monitored based on features calculated from the CI or TSCI (e.g., feature calculation/extraction). Static segments or profiles (and/or dynamic segments/profiles) may be identified/calculated/analyzed/monitored/extracted/captured/marked/presented/indicated/highlighted/stored/communicated based on feature analysis. Analysis may include motion detection/motion assessment/presence detection. Computational workloads may be shared among Type 1 devices, Type 2 devices, and other processors.

The Type 1 device and/or the Type 2 device may be a local device. The local device may be a smartphone, smart device, TV, sound bar, set-top box, access point, router, repeater, wireless signal repeater/extender, remote control, speaker, fan, refrigerator, microwave oven, coffee machine, hot water pot, appliance, table, chair, light, lamp, door lock, camera, microphone, motion sensor, security device, fire hydrant, garage door switch, power adapter, computer, dongle, computer peripheral, electronic pad, sofa, tile, accessory, home device, vehicle device, office device, building equipment, manufacturing equipment, watch, glass, clock, television, oven, air conditioner, accessory, utility, appliance, smart machine, smart vehicle, Internet of Things (IoT), smart house, smart office, smart building, smart parking, smart system, and other devices.

Each Type 1 device may be associated with a respective identifier (e.g., ID). Each Type 2 device may also be associated with a respective identification (ID). The ID may include numbers, a combination of text and numbers, a name, a password, an account, an account ID, a web link, a web address, an index to some information, and/or another ID. The ID may be assigned by hardware (e.g., hardwired, via a dongle, and/or other hardware), software, and/or firmware. The ID may be stored (e.g., in a database, in memory, in a server (e.g., a hub device), in the cloud, stored locally, stored remotely, stored permanently, or stored temporarily) and searchable. The ID may be associated with at least one record, account, user, household, address, phone number, social security number, customer number, another ID, another identifier, timestamp, and/or collection of data. The ID and/or a portion of the ID of the Type 1 device may be made available to the Type 2 device. The ID may be used by Type 1 devices and/or Type 2 devices for registration, initialization, communication, identification, verification, detection, recognition, authentication, access control, cloud access, networking, social networking, logging, recording, cataloging, classification, tagging, association, pairing, transactions, electronic transactions, and/or intellectual property control.

An object can be a person, user, subject, passenger, child, elderly person, infant, sleeping infant, infant in a vehicle, patient, worker, high value worker, expert, medical specialist, waiter, customer at a mall, traveller at an airport/train station/bus terminal/shipping terminal, staff/worker/customer service person at a factory/mall/supermarket/office/workplace, service person at a sewer/air ventilation system/lift well, lift at a lift well, elevator, inmate, person being tracked/monitored, animal, plant, living thing, pet, dog, cat, smartphone, phone accessory, computer, tablet, portable computer, dongle, computer accessory, network equipment, Wi-Fi device, IoT device, smart watch, smart glasses, smart device, speaker, key, smart key, wallet, wallet, handbag, backpack, goods, cargo, luggage, equipment, motor, machine, air conditioner, fan, air conditioning equipment, lighting fixture, movable light, television, camera, audio and/or video equipment, It could be stationery, surveillance equipment, parts, signs, tools, carts, tickets, parking passes, passes, plane tickets, credit cards, plastic cards, access cards, food packaging, utensils, tables, chairs, cleaning equipment/tools, vehicles, automobiles, cars in parking facilities, goods in a warehouse/store/supermarket/distribution center, boats, bicycles, airplanes, drones, remote controlled cars/planes/boats, robots, manufacturing equipment, assembly lines, materials/unfinished parts/robots/trolleys/transports on a factory floor, tracked objects in an airport/shopping mart/supermarket, non-objects, absence of objects, presence of objects, objects with shape, objects changing shape, shapeless objects, mass of fluids, mass of liquids, mass of gas/smoke, fire, flames, electromagnetic (EM) sources, EM media, and/or other objects.

The object itself may be communicatively coupled to several networks, such as Wi-Fi, MiFi, 3G/4G/LTE/5G/6G/7G, Bluetooth, NFC, BLE, WiMax, Zigbee, UMTS, 3GPP, GSM, EDGE, TDMA, FDMA, CDMA, WCDMA, TD-SCDMA, mesh networks, ad-hoc networks, and/or other networks. The object itself may be AC-powered and bulky, and may be moved during installation, cleaning, maintenance, renovations, etc. The object may also be placed on a mobile platform, such as a lift, pad, mobile platform, elevator, conveyor belt, robot, drone, forklift, car, boat, vehicle, etc. The object may have multiple parts, each with a different movement (e.g., change of location/position). For example, the object may be a person walking in front of it. While walking, his left and right hands may move in different directions with different instantaneous velocities, accelerations, and movements.

A wireless transmitter (e.g., a Type 1 device), a wireless receiver (e.g., a Type 2 device), another wireless transmitter, and/or another wireless receiver may travel with the object and/or another object (e.g., in a previous trip, a current trip, and/or a future trip). They may be communicatively coupled to one or more nearby devices. They may transmit TSCI and/or information related to the TSCI to nearby devices and/or to each other. They may be associated with nearby devices. The wireless transmitter and/or wireless receiver may be part of a small (e.g., coin-sized, cigarette-pack-sized, or even smaller) lightweight portable device. The portable device may be wirelessly coupled to nearby devices.

The nearby device may be a smartphone, iPhone, Android phone, smart device, smart appliance, smart vehicle, smart gadget, smart TV, smart refrigerator, smart speaker, smart watch, smart glasses, smart pad, iPad, computer, wearable computer, notebook computer, gateway. The nearby device may be connected to a cloud server, a local server (e.g., a hub device), and/or other servers via the Internet, a wired Internet connection, and/or a wireless Internet connection. The nearby device may be portable. The portable device, nearby devices, local server (e.g., hub device), and/or cloud server can share tasks (e.g., acquiring TSCI, determining object characteristics/STI related to object movement (e.g., position/position change), calculating time series of power (e.g., signal strength) information, determining/calculating specific functions, searching for local extrema, classification, identifying specific values of offset time, denoising, processing, simplification, cleaning, wireless smart sensing tasks, extracting CI from signals, switching, segmentation, estimating trajectory/path/track, processing maps, processing trajectory/path/track based on environmental models/constraints/limits, correction, correction adjustment, tuning, map-based (or model-based) correction, error detection, checking for boundary hits, thresholding) and calculation and/or storage of information (e.g., TSCI). Nearby devices may not move with the object. Nearby devices can be portable/non-portable/mobile/non-mobile. Nearby devices can use battery power, solar, AC power, and/or other power sources. The nearby device may have replaceable/non-replaceable batteries and/or rechargeable/non-rechargeable batteries. The nearby device may resemble the object. The nearby device can have the same (and/or similar) hardware and/or software as the object. The nearby device may be a smart device, a network-enabled device, a device with connectivity to WiFi/3G/4G/5G/6G/Zigbee/Bluetooth/NFC/UMTS/3GPP/GSM/EDGE/TDMA/FDMA/CDMA/WCDMA/TD-SCDMA/ad-hoc networks/other networks, a smart speaker, a smart watch, a smart clock, a smart appliance, a smart machine, a smart appliance, a smart tool, a smart vehicle, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet-enabled device, a computer, a portable computer, a tablet, and other devices. A wireless receiver, a wireless transmitter, another wireless receiver, another wireless transmitter, and/or a nearby device and/or at least one processor associated with a cloud server (in the cloud) may determine an initial STI for an object. Two or more of them may jointly determine initial spatio-temporal information. Two or more of them may share intermediate information in determining the initial STI (e.g., initial location).

In one example, a wireless transmitter (e.g., a Type 1 device or a tracker bot) may move with the object. The wireless transmitter may send a signal to a wireless receiver (e.g., a Type 2 device or an Origin Register) to determine the object's initial STI (e.g., initial location). The wireless transmitter may also send a signal and/or another signal to another wireless receiver (e.g., another Type 2 device or another Origin Register) to monitor the object's movement (space-time information). The wireless receiver may also receive a signal and/or another signal from the wireless transmitter and/or another wireless transmitter to monitor the object's movement. The location of the wireless receiver and/or another wireless receiver may be known. In another example, a wireless receiver (e.g., a Type 2 device or a tracker bot) may move with the object. The wireless receiver may receive a signal transmitted from the wireless transmitter (e.g., a Type 1 device or an Origin Register) to determine the object's initial space-time information (e.g., initial location). The wireless receiver may also receive a signal and/or another signal from another wireless transmitter (e.g., another Type 1 device or another origin register) to monitor the object's current movement (e.g., space-time information). The wireless transmitter may also transmit a signal and/or another signal to the wireless receiver and/or another wireless receiver (e.g., another Type 2 device or another tracker bot) to monitor the object's movement. The location of the wireless transmitter and/or another wireless transmitter may be known.

Locations include sensing areas, rooms, houses, offices, property, workspaces, corridors, lifts, lift wells, escalators, elevators, sewers, ventilation systems, stairs, assembly areas, ducts, air ducts, pipes, enclosed spaces, enclosed structures, semi-enclosed structures, enclosed areas with at least one wall, plants, machinery, engines, structures, structures with wood, structures with glass, structures with metal, structures with walls, structures with doors, structures with gaps, structures with reflective surfaces, structures with liquids, buildings, rooftops, stores, factories, assembly lines, homes, etc. Hotel rooms, museums, classrooms, schools, universities, government buildings, warehouses, garages, malls, airports, train stations, bus terminals, hubs, transportation hubs, cargo terminals, government buildings, public facilities, schools, universities, entertainment facilities, recreational facilities, hospitals, pediatric/neonatal wards, nursing homes, elderly care facilities, community centers, stadiums, playgrounds, fields, basketball courts, tennis courts, soccer stadiums, baseball fields, gymnasiums, garages, shopping marts, knolls, supermarkets, manufacturing facilities, parking facilities facility, construction site, mining facility, transportation facility, highway, road, valley, forest, tree, terrain, landscape, cave, patio, land, road, amusement park, urban area, rural area, suburban area, metropolitan area, garden, square, plaza, music hall, downtown facility, open facility, semi-open facility, closed area, train platform, train station, distribution center, warehouse, shop, distribution center, storage facility, underground space, spatial (e.g. above ground, space) facility, floating facility, cave, tunnel facility, indoor facility, outdoor facility, outdoor with some walls/doors/reflective barriers The location may be an area such as a facility, open facility, semi-open facility, automobile, truck, bus, van, container, ship/boat, submarine, train, tram, airplane, vehicle, mobile home, cave, tunnel, pipe, channel, metropolitan area, downtown area with relatively tall buildings, valley, well, duct, pathway, gas line, oil pipe, water pipe, interconnecting pathway/array/road/tube/cavity/cave/pipe-like structure/space/fluid space, human body, animal body, body cavity, organ, bone, tooth, soft tissue, hard tissue, rigid tissue, non-hard tissue, blood/body fluid duct, wind duct, air duct, burrow, etc. The location may be an indoor space, an outdoor space, or both the inside and outside of a space. For example, the location may include both the inside and outside of a building. For example, the location may be a building with one or more floors, and part of the building may be underground. The shape of the building may be, for example, round, square, rectangular, triangular, or irregular. These are merely examples. The present disclosure can be used to detect events in other types of locations or spaces.

The wireless transmitter (e.g., a Type 1 device) and/or wireless receiver (e.g., a Type 2 device) may be embedded in a portable device (e.g., a module or a device having a module) that may travel with the object (e.g., in a previous travel and/or a current travel). The portable device may be communicatively coupled to the object using a wired connection (e.g., via USB, micro USB, Firewire, HDMI, serial port, parallel port, and other connectors) and/or a connection (e.g., Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), Wi-Fi, LTE, NFC, ZigBee). The portable device may be a lightweight device. It may be powered by batteries, rechargeable batteries, and/or AC power. The portable device may be very small (e.g., on the sub-millimeter and/or sub-centimeter scale) and/or small (e.g., coin-sized, card-sized, pocket-sized, or larger). Portable devices can be large, oversized, and/or bulky (e.g., heavy stationary machinery). Portable devices include Wi-Fi hotspots, access points, Mobile Wi-Fi (MiFi), dongles with USB/micro USB/Firewire/other connectors, smartphones, portable computers, computers, tablets, smart devices, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, Wi-Fi enabled devices, LTE enabled devices, smart watches, smart glass, smart mirrors, smart antennas, smart batteries, smart lights, smart pens, smart rings, smart doors, smart windows, smart clocks, smart batteries, smart wallets, smart belts, smart handbags, smart cloths/garments, smart ornaments, smart packaging, smart paper/books/magazines/posters/printed materials/signage/displays/illuminated systems/lighting systems, smart keys/tools, smart bracelets/chains/necklaces/clothes/accessories, smart pads/cushions, smart tiles/blocks/bricks/building materials/other materials, Smart trash cans/waste containers, smart food carriages/storage, smart balls/rackets, smart chairs/sofas/beds, smart shoes/footwear/carpets/mats/shoe racks, smart gloves/handwear/rings/handwear, smart hats/caps/cosmetics/stickers/tatoos, smart mirrors, smart toys, smart pills, smart cookware, smart bottles/food containers, smart tools, smart devices, IoT devices, Wi-Fi enabled devices, network enabled devices, 3G/4G/5G/6G enabled devices, UMTS devices, 3GPP devices, GSM devices, EDGE devices, TDMA devices, FDMA devices, CDMA devices, WCDMA devices, TD-SCDMA devices, embedded devices, embeddable devices, air conditioners, refrigerators, heaters, furnaces, furniture, ovens, cooking devices , television/set-top box (STB)/DVD player/audio player/video player/remote control, hi-fi, audio device, speaker, lamp/light, wall, door, window, roof, tile/shingle/structure/attic structure/device/feature/installation/fixture, lawn mower/garden tool/tool/machine tool/garage tool, garbage can/container, 20-foot/40-foot container, storage container, factory/production/manufacturing equipment, repair tool, fluid container, machine, installed machine, vehicle, cart, wagon, warehouse vehicle, automobile, bicycle, motorcycle, boat, watercraft, airplane, basket/box/bag/bucket/container, smart plate/cup/bowl/pot/mat/utensil/kitchen utensil/kitchen accessory/cabinet/table/chair/tile/light/water pipe/faucet/gas range/oven/dishwasher/, etc. Portable devices may have batteries that may be replaceable, non-replaceable, rechargeable, and/or non-rechargeable. Portable devices may be charged wirelessly. The portable device may be a smart payment card. The portable device may be a payment card used in parking lots, highways, entertainment parks, or other locations/facilities requiring payment. The portable device may have an identity (ID)/identifier, as described above.

Events can be monitored based on the TSCI. Events can be object-related events such as an object (e.g., a person and/or an ill person) falling, rolling, hesitating, resting, impact (e.g., a person hitting a punching bag, door, window, bed, chair, table, desk, cabinet, box, another person, animal, bird, flying, table, chair, ball, bowling ball, tennis ball, football, soccer ball, baseball, basketball, volleyball), two-body action (e.g., leaving a balloon, catching a fish, molding clay, writing a paper, person typing into a computer), moving a car in a garage, a person carrying a smartphone and walking around an airport/mall/government office/etc., an autonomous mobile object/machine moving around (e.g., a vacuum cleaner, utility vehicle, car, drone, self-driving car), etc.

Tasks or wireless smart sensing tasks include object detection, presence detection, proximity detection, object recognition, activity recognition, object verification, object counting, daily activity monitoring, health monitor, vital signs monitoring, health condition monitoring, baby monitoring, elderly monitoring, sleep monitoring, sleep stage monitoring, gait monitoring, movement monitoring, tool detection, tool recognition, tool verification, patient detection, patient monitoring, patient verification, machine detection, machine verification, human detection, human recognition, human verification, baby detection, baby recognition, baby verification, human breathing detection, human breathing recognition, human breathing estimation, human breathing verification, human heart rate detection, human heart rate recognition, human heart rate estimation, human heart rate verification, fall detection, fall recognition, fall estimation, fall verification, emotion detection, emotion recognition, emotion estimation, emotion verification, motion detection, motion degree estimation, motion recognition, motion estimation, motion verification, periodic motion detection, periodic motion estimation, periodic motion verification, repetitive motion detection, periodic motion recognition, repetitive motion estimation, repetitive motion verification, static motion recognition, static motion detection, static motion estimation, static motion verification, cyclostationary motion detection, cyclostationary motion recognition, cyclostationary motion estimation, cyclostationary motion verification, transient motion detection, transient motion recognition, transient motion estimation, transient motion verification, trend detection, trend recognition, trend estimation, trend verification, breathing detection, breathing recognition, breathing estimation, human biometric detection, human biometric recognition, human biometric estimation, human biometric verification, environmental informatics detection, environmental informatics recognition, environmental informatics estimation, environmental informatics verification, gait detection, gait recognition, gait estimation, gait verification, gesture detection, gesture recognition, gesture estimation, gesture verification, machine learning, supervised learning, unsupervised learning Semi-supervised learning, clustering, feature extraction, feature training, principal component analysis, eigenvalue decomposition, frequency decomposition, time decomposition, time-frequency decomposition, function decomposition, other decomposition, training, discriminative training, supervised training, unsupervised training, semi-supervised training, neural networks, sudden motion detection, fall detection, hazard detection, life-threat detection, regular motion detection, stationary motion detection, cyclostationary motion detection, intrusion detection, suspicious motion detection, security, safety monitoring, navigation, guidance, map-based processing, map-based correction, model-based processing/correction, irregularity detection, localization, room sensing, tracking, multiple object tracking, indoor tracking, indoor positioning, indoor navigation, energy management, power transfer, wireless power transfer, object counting, vehicle tracking in parking garages, device/system activation (e.g., security systems, access systems, alarms, sirens, speakers, televisions, entertainment systems, cameras, heating/air conditioning (HVAC) systems, ventilation systems, lighting systems, gaming systems, coffee machines, cooking appliances, cleaning equipment, housekeeping equipment), geometric estimation The tasks may include augmented reality, wireless communication, data communication, signal broadcasting, networking, coordination, management, encryption, protection, cloud computing, other processing, and/or other tasks. The tasks may be performed by a Type 1 device, a Type 2 device, another Type 1 device, another Type 2 device, a nearby device, a local server (such as a hub device), an edge server, a cloud server, and/or another device. The tasks may be based on TSCI between any pair of Type 1 and Type 2 devices. A Type 2 device may also be a Type 1 device, and vice versa. A Type 2 device may fulfill the role (e.g., functionality) of a Type 1 device temporarily, continuously, sporadically, simultaneously, and/or concurrently, and/or vice versa. The first portion of tasks may include at least one of pre-processing, processing, signal conditioning, signal processing, post-processing, sporadic/continuous/concurrent/simultaneous/dynamic/adaptive/on-demand/as needed processing, calibration, noise removal, feature extraction, coding, encryption, transformation, mapping, motion detection, motion estimation, motion change detection, motion pattern detection, motion pattern estimation, motion pattern recognition, vital sign detection, vital sign estimation, vital sign recognition, periodic motion detection, periodic motion estimation, repetitive motion detection/estimation, breathing rate detection, breathing rate estimation, breathing pattern detection, breathing pattern estimation, breathing pattern recognition, heart rate detection, heart rate estimation, cardiac pattern detection, cardiac pattern estimation, cardiac pattern recognition, gesture detection, gesture estimation, gesture recognition, velocity detection, velocity estimation, object location, object tracking, navigation, acceleration estimation, acceleration detection, fall detection, change detection, intruder (and/or tampering) detection, baby detection, baby monitoring, patient monitoring, object recognition, wireless power transfer, and/or wireless charging.

The second portion of the task may be a smart home task, a smart office task, a smart building task, a smart factory task (e.g., manufacturing using a machine or assembly line), a smart Internet of Things (IoT) task, a smart system task, a smart home operation, a smart office operation, a smart building operation, a smart manufacturing operation (e.g., movement of supplies/parts/raw materials to a machine/assembly line), an IoT operation, a smart system operation, turning on lights, turning off lights, controlling light in at least one room, area, and/or location, playing a sound clip, playing a sound clip in at least one room, area, and/or location, playing at least one sound clip of welcome, greeting, farewell, first message, and/or second message related to the first portion of the task, turning on an appliance, turning off an appliance, The control may include at least one of controlling appliances in at least one room, area, and/or location; turning on an electrical system; turning off an electrical system; controlling an electrical system in at least one room, area, and/or location; turning on a security system; turning off a security system; controlling a security system in at least one room, area, and/or location; turning on a mechanical system; turning off a mechanical system; controlling a mechanical system in at least one room, area, and/or location; and/or controlling at least one of an air conditioning system, a heating system, a ventilation system, a lighting system, a heater, a stove, an entertainment system, a door, a fence, a window, a garage, a computer system, a networked device, a networked system, a home appliance, an office appliance, a lighting device, a robot (e.g., a robotic arm), a smart vehicle, a smart machine, an assembly line, a smart device, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a smart home device, and/or a smart office device.

The tasks are to detect when the user comes home, detect when the user leaves, detect when the user moves from one room to another, detect when windows/doors/garage doors/blinds/curtains/panels/solar panels/sunshades are controlled/locked/unlocked/opened/closed/partially opened, detect pets, detect/monitor when the user is doing something (e.g. sleeping on the sofa, sleeping in the bedroom, running on the treadmill, cooking, sitting on the sofa, watching TV, eating in the kitchen, eating in the dining room, going up and down stairs, going out/coming back, in the bathroom), monitor/detect the location of the user/pet and automatically do something (e.g. sending a message, notifying/reporting), do something to the user when the user is detected, turn lights on/off/dim, turn music/radio/home entertainment system on/off, turn TV/ This may include turning on/off/adjusting/controlling hi-fi/set-top boxes (STBs)/home entertainment systems/smart speakers/smart devices, turning on/off/adjusting air conditioning systems, turning on/off/adjusting ventilation systems, turning on/off/adjusting heating systems, adjusting/controlling curtains/light shades, turning on/off/starting up computers, turning on/off/preheating/controlling coffee machines/hot water kettles, turning on/off/preheating/controlling cooktops/oven/microwave ovens/other cooking appliances, checking/adjusting temperatures, checking weather forecasts, checking phone message boxes, checking emails, checking systems, controlling/adjusting systems, checking/controlling/arming/disarming security systems/baby monitors, checking/controlling refrigerators, reporting (e.g. through speakers such as Google Home, Amazon Echo, via web pages/email/messaging systems/notification systems).

For example, if a user arrives at home in their vehicle, the task may automatically detect that the user or their vehicle is approaching, open the garage door upon detection, turn on the driveway/garage lights as the user approaches the garage, turn on the air conditioner/heater/fan, etc. As the user enters the house, the task may automatically turn on the entrance lights, turn off the driveway/garage lights, play a greeting message to welcome the user, turn on music, turn on the radio and tune it to the user's favorite radio news channel, open the curtains/blinds, monitor the user's mood, adjust the lighting and sound environment according to the user's mood or current/impending events on the user's daily calendar (e.g., romantic lighting and music because the user is having dinner with his/her girlfriend in an hour), microwave the food the user prepared that morning, perform a diagnostic check of all systems in the house, check the weather forecast for tomorrow's tasks, check news of interest to the user, and update the user's calendar, to-do list, etc. Check reminders, check phone answering systems, messaging systems, email, communicate verbal reports using a dialogue system/speech synthesis, remind the user of their mother's birthday (e.g., using audible tools such as speakers, hi-fi, speech synthesis, sound, voice, music, song, sound field, background sound field, dialogue system, etc.; using visual tools such as TV/entertainment system/computer/notebook/smartpad/display/light/color/brightness/pattern, using haptic tools/virtual reality tools/gestures/tools, using smart devices/appliances/materials/furniture/fixtures, using web tools/servers/hub devices/cloud servers/fog servers/edge servers/home networks/mesh networks, using messaging tools/notification tools/communication tools/scheduling tools/email, using user interfaces/GUIs, using scents/smells/aromas/tastes, using neural tools/neural system tools, and combinations), generate reports, provide reports (e.g., using reminding tools as described above). Tasks may proactively start an air conditioner/heater/ventilation system or proactively adjust the temperature setting on a smart thermostat. When the user moves from the front door to the living room, the tasks may be to turn on the living room lights, open the living room curtains, open the windows, turn off the light in the front door behind the user, turn on the TV and set-top box, turn on the set-top box, set the TV to the user's preferred channel, adjust the appliances according to the user's preferences and conditions/states (e.g., adjust the lighting, select/play music to create a romantic atmosphere), etc.

Another example could be: When a user wakes up in the morning, the tasks could be to detect the user moving around in the bedroom, open the blinds/curtains, open the windows, turn off the alarm clock, adjust the room temperature profile from a night temperature profile to a day temperature profile, turn on the bedroom lights, turn on the toilet light as the user approaches the bathroom, check the radio or streaming channels, play the morning news, turn on the coffee machine, preheat water, turn off the security system, etc. When a user walks from the bedroom to the kitchen, the tasks could be to turn on the kitchen and hallway lights, turn off the bedroom and toilet lights, move music/messages/reminders from the bedroom to the kitchen, turn on the kitchen TV, change the TV to the morning news channel, lower the kitchen blinds, open the kitchen window to let in fresh air, unlock the back door so the user can check the back yard, adjust the kitchen temperature setting, etc. Another example could be: When the user leaves home for work, the tasks may be to detect the user's departure, say goodbye and/or have a nice day, open/close the garage door, turn on/off the garage and driveway lights, turn off/dim to save energy (only if the user fails), close/lock all windows/doors (only if the user fails), turn off appliances (especially the stove, oven, microwave), turn on/arm the home security system to protect the home against intruders, adjust the air conditioning/heating/ventilation system to an "away from home" profile to save energy, send alerts/reports/updates to the user's smartphone, etc.

Motions include no motion, resting motion, motionless motion, motion, change of location/position, deterministic motion, transient motion, falling motion, repetitive motion, periodic motion, quasi-periodic motion, periodic/repetitive motion related to breathing, periodic/repetitive motion related to heartbeat, periodic/repetitive motion related to living organisms, periodic/repetitive motion related to machines, periodic/repetitive motion related to man-made objects, periodic/repetitive motion related to nature, complex motion related to transient and periodic elements, repetitive motion, non-deterministic motion, stochastic motion, chaotic motion, random motion, complex motion with non-deterministic and deterministic elements, stationary random motion, pseudo-stationary random motion, cyclostationary random motion, non-stationary random motion, non-stationary random motion with a periodic autocorrelation function (ACF), random motion with a periodic ACF over time motion, pseudo-stationary random motion over time, random motion where the instantaneous ACF has a pseudo-periodic/repetitive component over time, machine motion, mechanical motion, vehicle motion, drone motion, air related motion, wind related motion, weather related motion, water related motion, fluid related motion, ground related motion, change in magnetic properties, subsurface motion, earthquake motion, plant motion, animal motion, animal motion, human body motion, normal motion, abnormal motion, dangerous motion, warning motion, suspicious motion, rain, fire, flood, tsunami, explosion, collision, imminent collision, human body motion, head motion, face motion, eye motion, oral motion, tongue motion, neck motion, finger motion, hand motion, arm motion, shoulder motion, body motion, chest motion, abdominal motion, hip motion, leg motion, foot motion, body joint motion, knee motion, elbow motion, upper body motion, lower body motion, skin motion, subcutaneous motion, subcutaneous tissue motion, This may include at least one of blood vessel movement, venous movement, organ movement, heart movement, lung movement, stomach movement, intestinal movement, bowel movement, eating movement, breathing movement, facial expression, eye expression, mouth expression, vocal movement, singing movement, eating movement, gesture, hand gesture, arm gesture, keystroke, typing stroke, user interface gesture, man-machine interaction, gait, dance movement, coordinated movement, and/or coordinated body movement.

The heterogeneous ICs of the Type 1 device and/or any Type 2 receiver may include a low noise amplifier (LNA), a power amplifier, a transmit-receive switch, a media access controller, a baseband radio, a 2.4 GHz radio, a 3.65 GHz radio, a 4.9 GHz radio, a 5 GHz radio, a 5.9 GHz radio, a sub-6 GHz radio, a 60 GHz radio, a sub-60 GHz radio, and/or another radio. The heterogeneous IC may include a processor, a memory communicatively coupled to the processor, and a set of instructions stored in the memory for execution by the processor. The IC and/or any processor may include at least one of a general purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a microprocessor, a multiprocessor, a multicore processor, a parallel processor, a CISC processor, a RISC processor, a microcontroller, a central processing unit (CPU), a graphical processing unit (GPU), a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), an embedded processor (e.g., ARM), a logic circuit, other programmable logic devices, discrete logic, and/or a combination thereof. Heterogeneous ICs may be used in a broadband network, a wireless network, a mobile network, a mesh network, a cellular network, a wireless local area network (WLAN), a wide area network (WAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), a WLAN standard, WiFi, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-U, 802.11 standards, 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11c, 802.11d, 802.11e, 802.11f, 802.11g, 802.11h, 802.11m ... May support 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11af, 802.11ah, 802.11ax, 802.11ay, mesh networking standard 802.16, 3G, 3.5G, 4G, Beyond 4G, 4.5G, 6G, 7G, 8G, 9G, UMTS, 3GPP, GSM, EDGE, TDMA, FDMA, CDMA, WCDMA, TD-SCDMA, Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low-Energy (BLE), NFC, Zigbee, WiMax, and other wireless network protocols.

The processor may include a general-purpose processor, a special-purpose processor, a microprocessor, a microcontroller, an embedded processor, a digital signal processor, a central processing unit, a graphical processing unit (GPU), a multiprocessor, a multi-core processor, and/or a processor with graphics capabilities, and/or a combination thereof. The memory may be volatile, non-volatile, random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), a hard disk, flash memory, CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, magnetic storage, optical storage, organic storage, a storage system, a storage network, network storage, cloud storage, edge storage, local storage, external storage, internal storage, or any other form of non-transitory storage medium known in the art. The set of instructions (machine-executable code) corresponding to the method steps may be directly embodied in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. The set of instructions may be embedded, pre-loaded, loaded at boot time, loaded on-the-fly, loaded on-demand, pre-installed, installed, and/or downloaded.

The presentation may be visual (e.g., using a combination of sights, graphics, text, symbols, colors, shades, video, animation, sound, voice, audio, etc.), graphical (e.g., using GUI, animation, video), textual (e.g., web pages with text, messages, animated text), symbolic (e.g., emojis, signs, hand gestures), or mechanical (e.g., vibration, actuator movements, haptics, etc.) presentation.

Basic calculation

The computational workload associated with this method is shared among the processor, the Type 1 heterogeneous wireless device, the Type 2 heterogeneous wireless device, the local server (e.g., the hub device), the cloud server, and other processors.

Operations, pre-processing, processing, and/or post-processing may be applied to data (e.g., TSCI, autocorrelation, TSCI features). Operations may include pre-processing, processing, and/or post-processing. Pre-processing, processing, and/or post-processing may be operations. Operations may include pre-processing, processing, post-processing, scaling, calculating confidence coefficients, calculating line-of-sight (LOS) quantities, calculating non-LOS (NLOS) quantities, calculating quantities including LOS and NLOS, calculating single-link (e.g., path, communication path, link between transmit and receive antennas) quantities, calculating quantities including multiple links, computing functions of operands, filtering, linear filtering, non-linear filtering, folding, grouping, energy calculation, low-pass filtering, band-pass filtering, high-pass filtering, median filtering, rank filtering, quartile filtering, percentile filtering, finite impulse response (FIR) filtering, infinity. Impulse response (IIR) filtering, moving average (MA) filtering, autoregressive (AR) filtering, autoregressive moving average (ARMA) filtering, selective filtering, adaptive filtering, interpolation, decimation, subsampling, upsampling, resampling, time correction, time base correction, phase correction, magnitude correction, phase cleaning, amplitude cleaning, matched filtering, enhancement, restoration, noise removal, smoothing, signal conditioning, enhancement, restoration, linear transform, nonlinear transform, inverse transform, frequency transform, inverse frequency transform, Fourier transform (FT), discrete time FT (DTFT), Discrete FT (DFT), Fast FT (FFT), Wavelet Transform, Laplace Transform, Hilbert Transform, Hadamard Transform, Trigonometric Transform, Sin Transform, Cosine Transform, DCT, Power of 2 Transform, Sparse Transform, Graph Based Transform, Graph Signal Processing, Fast Transform, Transform Combined with Zero Padding, Cyclic Padding, Padding, Zero Padding, Feature Extraction, Decomposition, Projection, Orthogonal Projection, Non-Orthogonal Projection, Overprojection (oecomlee ojection), eigendecomposition, singular value decomposition (SVD), principle component analysis (ICA), independent component analysis (ICA), grouping, sorting, thresholding, soft thresholding, hard thresholding, clipping, soft clipping, first derivative, second derivative, higher derivative, convolution, multiplication, division, addition, subtraction, integration, maximization, minimization, least squared error, recursive least squares, constrained least squares, batch least squares, least absolute deviation, least mean squared deviation, least absolute deviation, local maximization, local minimization, cost function optimization, neural networks, recognition, labeling, training, class filtering, machine learning, supervised learning, unsupervised learning, semi-supervised learning, comparison with other TSCIs, similarity score calculation, quantization, vector quantization, matching pursuit, compression, encryption, encoding, storage, transmission, normalization, time normalization, frequency domain normalization, classification, clustering, labeling, tagging, learning, detection, estimation, learning network, mapping, remapping, expansion, storage, search, transmission, reception, representation, combining, merging, segmentation, tracking, monitoring, matched filtering, Kalman filtering, particle filtering, interpolation, extrapolation, histogram estimation The operations may include importance sampling, Monte Carlo sampling, compressed sensing, representation, merging, combining, splitting, scrambling, error protection, forward error correction, do nothing, time-varying processing, adjusted averaging, weighted averaging, arithmetic mean, geometric mean, harmonic mean, averaging over selected frequencies, averaging over antenna links, logical operations, permutation, combination, sorting, AND, OR, XOR, union, intersection, vector addition, vector subtraction, vector multiplication, vector division, inverse, norm, distance, and/or other operations. Operations may be pre-processing, processing, and/or post-processing. Operations may be applied jointly on multiple time series or functions.

Functions (e.g., functions of operands) include scalar functions, vector functions, discrete functions, continuous functions, polynomial functions, properties, characteristics, magnitude, phase, exponential functions, logarithmic functions, trigonometric functions, transcendental functions, logic functions, linear functions, algebraic functions, nonlinear functions, piecewise functions, real functions, complex functions, vector-valued functions, inverse functions, derivative functions, integral functions, circular functions, functions of other functions, one-to-one functions, one-to-many functions, many-to-one functions, many-to-many functions, zero crossings, absolute functions, index functions, mean, mode, median, range, statistics, histogram, variance, standard deviation, measure of variation, expansion, dispersion, deviation, divergence, range, interquartile range, total deviation, absolute deviation, arithmetic mean, geometric mean, harmonic mean, trimmed mean, percentile, square, cube, square root, power, sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent , elliptic functions, parabolic functions, hyperbolic functions, game functions, zeta functions, absolute value, threshold, limit functions, floor functions, rounding functions, sign functions, quantization, piecewise constant functions, composite functions, functions of functions, time functions processed by operations (e.g. filtering), probabilistic functions, stochastic functions, deterministic functions, periodic functions, iterative functions, transformations, frequency transforms, inverse frequency transforms, discrete time transforms, Laplace transforms, Hilbert transforms, sine transforms, cosine transforms, trigonometric transforms, wavelet transforms, integer transforms, power of two transforms, sparse transforms, projections, decompositions, principal component analysis (PCA), neural networks, feature extraction, moving functions, functions of moving windows of neighboring items in a time series, filtering functions, convolutions, mean functions, histograms, variance/standard deviation functions, statistical functions, short time transforms, discrete transforms , Discrete Fourier Transform, Discrete Cosine Transform, Discrete Sine Transform, Hadamard Transform, Eigenvalue Decomposition, Eigenvalue, Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), Singular Value, Orthogonal Decomposition, Matching Pursuit, Sparse Transform, Arbitrary Decomposition, Graph Based Processing, Graph Based Transform, Graph Signal Processing, Classification, Class/Group/Category Identification, Labeling, Learning, Machine Learning, Detection, Estimation, Feature Extraction, Learning Networks, Feature Extraction, Noise Reduction, Signal Enhancement, Coding, Encryption, Mapping, Remapping, Vector Quantization, Low-Pass Filtering, High-Pass Filtering, Band-Pass Filtering, Matched Filtering, Kalman Filtering, Pre-Processing, Post-Processing, Particle Filtering, FIR Filtering, IIR Filtering, Autoregressive (AR) Filtering, Adaptive Filtering, First Derivative, Higher Order Derivative, Integration, Zero Crossing, Smoothing, Median Filtering, Mode Filtering, Sampling, Random Sampling, Resampling Function, Downsampling, Downconverting, Upsampling, Upconverting, Interpolation, Extrapolation, Importance Sampling, Monte Carlo Sampling, Compressed Sensing, Statistics, This may include short-term statistics, long-term statistics, autocorrelation functions, cross-correlation functions, moment-generating functions, time averages, weighted averages, special functions, Bessel functions, error functions, complementary error functions, beta functions, gamma functions, integral functions, Gaussian functions, Poisson functions, etc.

The steps (or each step) of this disclosure may employ machine learning, training, discriminative training, deep learning, neural networks, continuous-time processing, distributed computing, distributed storage, and acceleration using GPUs/DSPs/coprocessors/multi-cores/multi-processing.

The frequency transform may include a Fourier transform, a Laplace transform, a Hadamard transform, a Hilbert transform, a sine transform, a cosine transform, a trigonometric transform, a wavelet transform, an integer transform, a power-of-two transform, zero-padding and combinations of transforms, a power Fourier transform with zero-padding, and/or another transform. Fast and/or approximate versions of the transform may be performed. The transform may be performed using floating-point and/or fixed-point arithmetic.

The inverse frequency transform may include an inverse Fourier transform, an inverse Laplace transform, an inverse Hadamard transform, an inverse Hilbert transform, an inverse sine transform, an inverse cosine transform, an inverse trigonometric transform, an inverse wavelet transform, an inverse integer transform, an inverse power-of-two transform, a combination of zero padding and transforms, an inverse Fourier transform with zero padding, and/or another transform. Fast and/or approximate versions of the transform may be performed. The transform may be performed using floating-point and/or fixed-point arithmetic.

Quantities/features from TSCI can be calculated. Quantities include: movement, location, map coordinates, height, speed, acceleration, angle of movement, rotation, dimensions, volume, time trend, one-time pattern, recurring pattern, evolving pattern, time pattern, mutually exclusive pattern, associated/correlated pattern, cause-effect, short-term/long-term correlation, tendency, slope, preference, statistics, typical behavior, atypical behavior, time trend, time profile, periodic movement, repetitive movement, repetition, tendency, change, sudden change, gradual change, frequency, transient, breathing, gait, behavior, event, suspicious event, dangerous event, warning event, warning, belief, proximity, collision, power, signal, signal power, signal strength, signal volume, received signal strength indicator (RSSI), signal amplitude, signal phase, signal frequency component, signal frequency band component, channel state information (CSI), map, time, frequency, time-period The statistics may include at least one of wavenumber, decomposition, orthogonal decomposition, non-orthogonal decomposition, tracking, respiration, palpitations, statistical parameters, cardiopulmonary statistics/analysis (e.g., output response), daily activity statistics/analysis, chronic disease statistics/analysis, medical statistics/analysis, early (or instantaneous or simultaneous or delayed) indicator/suggestion/sign/marker/verifier/detection/symptom/condition/state, biometrics, baby, patient, machine, device, temperature, vehicle, parking lot, location, lift, elevator, space, road, fluid flow, home, room, office, house, building, warehouse, storage, system, ventilation, fan, pipe, duct, people, human, car, boat, truck, plane, drone, downtown, crowd, impulse event, cyclostationary, environment, vibration, material, surface, 3D, 2D, local, global, presence, and/or other measurable quantity/variable.

Sliding window/algorithm

The sliding time window may have a time-varying window width. It may be initially smaller to allow for rapid acquisition and may increase over time to a steady-state size. The steady-state size may be related to the monitored frequency, repetitive motion, transient motion, and/or STI. Even in the steady state, the window size may be adaptively (and/or dynamically) changed (e.g., adjusted, varied, modified) based on battery life, power consumption, available computing power, changes in the volume of the subject, the nature of the monitored motion, etc.

The time shift between two sliding time windows at adjacent time instances can be constant, variable, locally adaptive, or dynamically adjusted over time. If a shorter time shift is used, any monitoring updates can be more frequent, which can be used for rapidly changing conditions, object movements, and/or objects. A longer time shift can be used for slower conditions, object movements, and/or objects.

The window width/size and/or time shift may be changed (e.g., adjusted, altered, modified) in response to a user's request/selection. The time shift may be changed automatically (e.g., as controlled by a processor/computer/server/hub device/cloud server) and/or adaptively (and/or dynamically).

At least one characteristic (e.g., a characteristic value or characteristic point) of a function (e.g., an autocorrelation function, an autocovariance function, a cross-correlation function, a cross-covariance function, a power spectral density, a time function, a frequency domain function, a frequency transform) may be determined (e.g., by an object tracking server, a processor, a type 1 heterogeneous device, a type 2 heterogeneous device, and/or another device). At least one characteristic of the function may include a maximum, a minimum, an extremum, a local maximum, a local minimum, a local extremum, a local extremum with a positive time offset, a first local extremum with a positive time offset, an nth local extremum with a positive time offset, a first local extremum with a negative time offset, a bounded maximum, a bounded minimum, a bounded extremum, a significant maximum, a significant minimum, a significant extremum, a gradient, a derivative, a higher order derivative, a maximum gradient, a minimum gradient, a local maximum gradient, a local maximum gradient with a positive time offset, a local minimum gradient, a bounded maximum gradient, a bounded minimum gradient, a maximum higher order derivative, a minimum higher order derivative, a bounded higher order derivative, a zero crossing, a zero crossing with a positive time offset, an nth zero crossing with a positive time offset, a zero crossing with a negative time offset, an nth zero crossing with a negative time offset, a bounded zero crossing, a zero crossing of a gradient, a zero crossing of a gradient of a higher order derivative, and/or other characteristics. At least one argument of the function associated with at least one characteristic of the function may be identified. A quantity (e.g., spatial-temporal information of an object) can be determined based on at least one argument of the function.

Characteristics (e.g., characteristics of an object's movement at a location) can include instantaneous characteristics, short-term characteristics, recurrence characteristics, repetition characteristics, history, incremental characteristics, change characteristics, deviation characteristics, phase, amplitude, degree, time characteristics, frequency characteristics, time-frequency characteristics, decomposition characteristics, orthogonal decomposition characteristics, non-orthogonal decomposition characteristics, deterministic characteristics, probability characteristics, stochastic characteristics, autocorrelation function (ACF), mean, variance, standard deviation, measure of change, spread, variance, deviation, divergence, range, interquartile range, total variation, absolute deviation, total deviation, statistics, duration, timing, trend, periodic characteristics, recurrence characteristics, long-term characteristics, history characteristics, average characteristics, latest characteristics, past characteristics, future characteristics, predicted characteristics, position, distance, height, speed, direction, velocity, acceleration, change in acceleration, angle, angular speed, change in angular velocity, of an object This includes at least one of angular acceleration, change in angular acceleration, object orientation, angle of rotation, deformation of object, shape of object, change in shape of object, change in size of object, change in structure of object, and/or change in properties of object.

At least one local maximum and at least one local minimum of the function may be identified. At least one local signal-to-noise ratio-like (SNR-like) parameter may be calculated for each pair of adjacent local maximums and minima. The SNR-like parameter may be a function (e.g., linear, logarithmic, exponential, monotonic) of the fraction of the amount (e.g., power, magnitude) of the local maximum over the same amount of the local minimum. It may also be a function of the difference between the amount of the local maximum and the same amount of the local minimum. Significant local peaks may be identified or selected. Each significant local peak may be a local maximum with an SNR-like parameter greater than a threshold T1 and/or a local maximum with an amplitude greater than a threshold T2. At least one local minimum and at least one local minimum in the frequency domain may be identified/calculated using a persistence-based approach.

A set of selected significant local peaks may be selected from the set of identified significant local peaks based on selection criteria (e.g., quality criteria, signal quality conditions). The object's characteristics/STI may be calculated based on the set of selected significant local peaks and frequency values associated with the set of selected significant local peaks. In one example, the selection criteria may always correspond to selecting the strongest peak in the range. The strongest peak may be selected, but non-selected peaks may still be significant (even strong).

Unselected significant peaks may be saved and/or monitored as "reserved" peaks for use in future selections in future sliding time windows. As an example, there may be a particular peak (at a particular frequency) that appears consistently over time. Initially, it may not be selected even though it is significant (because other peaks may become stronger). However, at a later time, the peak may become stronger and more dominant and may be selected. If it is "selected," it may be back-traced in time and considered to have been "selected" at an earlier time that was significant but not selected. In such a case, the back-traced peak may replace a previously selected peak at an earlier time. The replaced peak may be a relatively weak peak or a peak that appears isolated in time (i.e., appears for only a short time in time).

In other instances, the selection criteria may not correspond to selecting the most intense peak in the range. Instead, it may consider not only the "strength" of the peak, but also the "trace" of peaks that may have occurred in the past, especially peaks that have been identified for a long time.

For example, if a finite state machine (FSM) is used, it may select peaks based on the state of the FSM. The decision threshold may be adaptively (and/or dynamically) calculated based on the state of the FSM.

The similarity score and/or component similarity score may be calculated (e.g., by a server (e.g., a hub device), a processor, a Type 1 device, a Type 2 device, a local server, a cloud server, and/or another device) based on a pair of temporally adjacent CIs of a TSCI. The pairs may be obtained from the same sliding window or two different sliding windows. The similarity score may also be based on a pair of temporally adjacent or less-adjacent CIs from two different TSCIs. The similarity score and/or component similarity score may be/include time reversal resonating strength (TRRS), correlation, cross-correlation, autocorrelation, correlation indicator, covariance, cross-covariance, autocovariance, dot product of two vectors, distance score, norm, metric, quality metric, signal quality condition, statistical property, discrimination score, neural network, deep learning network, machine learning, training, discrimination, weighted average, preprocessing, denoising, signal conditioning, filtering, time correction, time alignment, phase offset compensation, transform, component-wise operation, feature extraction, finite state machine, and/or another score. The property and/or STI may be determined/calculated based on the similarity score.

Any threshold may be predetermined, adaptively (and/or dynamically) determined, and/or determined by a finite state machine. Adaptive determination may be based on time, space, location, antenna, path, link, condition, battery life, remaining battery capacity, available power, available computational resources, available network bandwidth, etc.

A threshold applied to a test statistic to distinguish between two events (or two conditions, or two situations, or two states), A and B, can be determined. Data (e.g., CI, channel state information (CSI), power parameters) can be collected under A and/or under B in a training scenario. A test statistic can be calculated based on the data. The distribution of the test statistic under A can be compared to the distribution of the test statistic under B (a reference distribution), and the threshold can be selected according to some criteria. The criteria can include maximum likelihood (ML), maximum a posteriori (MAP), discriminative training, minimum type 1 error for a given type 2 error, minimum type 2 error for a given type 1 error, and/or other criteria (e.g., quality criteria, signal quality conditions). The threshold can be adjusted to achieve different sensitivities to A, B, and/or other events/conditions/situations/states. Threshold adjustment can be automatic, semi-automatic, and/or manual. Threshold adjustments may be applied once, occasionally, frequently, periodically, repeatedly, occasionally, sporadically, and/or on-demand. Threshold adjustments may be adaptive (and/or dynamically adjusted). Threshold adjustments may depend on objects, object movement/location/orientation/motion, object characteristics/STI/size/properties/traits/habits/behavior, location, at/at/of location, features/fixtures/furniture/barriers/materials/machines/creatures/objects/boundaries/surfaces/media, map, map constraints (or environmental model), events/states/scenes/conditions, time, timing, duration, current state, past history, user, and/or personal preferences, etc.

The stopping criterion (or skip or bypass or blocking or pausing or passing or rejecting criterion) for an iterative algorithm may be that the change in the current parameter (e.g., offset value) in the update in the iteration is less than a threshold. The threshold may be 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, or another number. The threshold may be adaptive (and/or dynamically adjusted). It may change as the iteration progresses. With respect to the offset value, the adaptive threshold may be determined based on the task, the initial specific value, the current time offset value, the regression window, the regression analysis, the regression function, the regression error, the convexity of the regression function, and/or the number of iterations.

Local extrema may be determined as corresponding extrema of the regression function in the regression window. The local extrema may be determined based on a set of time offset values and a set of associated regression function values within the regression window. Each of the set of associated regression function values associated with the set of time offset values may be within a range from the corresponding extrema of the regression function in the regression window.

Searching for local extrema includes robust search, minimization, optimization, statistical optimization, dual optimization, constraint optimization, convex optimization, global optimization, local optimization, energy minimization, linear regression, quadratic regression, higher-order regression, linear programming, nonlinear programming, stochastic programming, combinatorial optimization, constraint programming, constraint satisfaction, computation of variations, optimal control, dynamic programming, mathematical programming, multiobjective optimization, multimodal optimization, disjunctive programming, space mapping, infinite-dimensional optimization, heuristics, metaheuristics, convex programming, semidefinite programming, cone programming, second-order cone programming, integer programming, quadratic programming, fractional programming, numerical analysis, simplex algorithm, iterative methods, gradient descent, subgradient methods, coordinate gradient methods, conjugate gradient methods, Newton's algorithm, sequential quadratic programming, interior point methods, elliptic methods, reduced gradient methods, quasi-Newton methods, simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation, interpolation, pattern search methods, line search, non-differential optimization, genetic algorithms, evolutionary algorithms, dynamic relaxation The search for local extrema may involve hill climbing, particle swarm optimization, gravitational search algorithms, simulated annealing, memetic algorithms, differential evolution, dynamic relaxation, stochastic tunneling, Tabu search, reaction search optimization, curve fitting, least squares, simulation-based optimization, calculus of variations, and/or deformation. The search for local extrema may be related to the objective function, loss function, cost function, utility function, fitness function, energy function, and/or energy function.

The regression may be performed using a regression function to fit the sampled data (e.g., CI, CI features, CI components) or another function (e.g., an autocorrelation function) in a regression window. The length of the regression window and/or the position of the regression window may be varied in at least one iteration. The regression function may be a linear function, a quadratic function, a cubic function, a polynomial function, and/or another function.

The regression analysis may minimize at least one of the following: error, aggregate error, component error, error in a projected domain, error in a selected axis, error in a selected orthogonal axis, absolute error, squared error, absolute deviation, squared deviation, higher-order error (e.g., third-order, fourth-order), robust error (e.g., squared error versus absolute error for smaller magnitude errors and for larger errors, or a first type of error for smaller magnitude errors and a second type of error for larger magnitude errors), another error, a weighted sum (or weighted average) of absolute/squared errors (e.g., in the case of a wireless transmitter with multiple antennas and a wireless receiver with multiple antennas, each pair of transmitter antenna and receiver antenna forms a link), mean absolute error, mean squared error, mean absolute deviation, and/or mean squared deviation. Errors associated with different links may have different weights. One possibility is that some links and/or some components with greater noise or lower signal quality metrics may have smaller or larger weights. (Weighted sum of squared errors, weighted sum of higher-order errors, weighted sum of robust errors, weighted sum of alternative errors, absolute cost, squared cost, higher-order cost, robust cost, alternative cost, weighted sum of absolute costs, weighted sum of squared costs, weighted sum of higher-order costs, weighted sum of robust costs, and/or weighted sum of alternative costs).

The determined regression error may be an absolute error, a squared error, a higher-order error, a robust error, a further error, a weighted sum of absolute errors, a weighted sum of squared errors, a weighted sum of higher-order errors, a weighted sum of robust errors, and/or a weighted sum of further errors.

The time offset associated with the maximum regression error (or minimum regression error) of the regression function for a particular function within the regression window can be the updated current time offset for the iteration.

Local extrema can be searched for based on a quantity including the difference between two different errors (e.g., the difference between absolute error and squared error). Each of the two different errors can include an absolute error, a squared error, a higher-order error, a robust error, another error, a weighted sum of absolute errors, a weighted sum of squared errors, a weighted sum of higher-order errors, a weighted sum of robust errors, and/or a weighted sum of another error.

The quantity may be compared to reference data or a reference distribution, such as an F-distribution, a central F-distribution, another statistical distribution, a threshold, a threshold associated with a probability/histogram, a threshold associated with a probability/histogram of finding a false peak, a threshold associated with an F-distribution, a threshold associated with a central F-distribution, and/or a threshold associated with another statistical distribution.

The regression window may be determined based on at least one of the following conditions: object movement (e.g., change in location/position), a quantity related to the object, at least one characteristic and/or STI of the object related to the object movement, estimated location of a local extremum, noise characteristics, estimated noise characteristics, a signal quality metric, an F-distribution, a central F-distribution, another statistical distribution, a threshold, a preset threshold, a threshold related to a probability/histogram, a threshold related to a desired probability, a threshold related to the probability of finding a false peak, a threshold related to an F-distribution, a threshold related to a central F-distribution, a threshold related to another statistical distribution, a condition that the quantity at the window center is maximum within the regression window, a condition that only one of the local extrema of a particular function for a particular value exists for the first time within the regression window, another regression window, and/or other conditions.

The width of the regression window may be determined based on the particular local extrema being searched for. The local extrema may be a first local maximum, a second local maximum, a higher-order local maximum, a first local maximum with a positive time offset, a second local maximum with a positive time offset, a higher-order local maximum with a positive time offset, a first local maximum with a negative time offset, a second local maximum with a negative time offset, a second local maximum with a negative time offset, a higher-order local maximum with a negative time offset, a first local minimum, a second local minimum, a higher-order local minimum, a first local minimum with a positive time offset, These may include a second local minimum with a positive time offset value, a higher-order local minimum with a positive time offset value, a first local minimum with a negative time offset value, a second local minimum with a negative time offset value, a higher-order local minimum with a negative time offset value, a first local extremum, a second local extremum, a higher-order local extremum, a first local extremum with a positive time offset value, a second local extremum with a positive time offset value, a first local extremum with a negative time offset value, a second local extremum with a negative time offset value, and a higher-order extremum with a negative and/or negative time offset value.

The current parameters (e.g., time offset value) may be initialized based on a target value, target profile, trend, historical trend, current trend, target velocity, velocity profile, target velocity profile, historical velocity trend, object motion or movement (e.g., change in location/position), at least one characteristic and/or STI of the object associated with the object motion, object position quantity, initial velocity of the object associated with the object motion, a predefined value, an initial width and duration of the regression window, a value based on the carrier frequency of the signal, a value based on the subcarrier frequency of the signal, signal bandwidth, antenna aggregates associated with the channel, noise characteristics, signal h metric, and/or an adaptive (and/or dynamically adjusted) value. The current time offset may be at the center, left, right, and/or another fixed relative position of the regression window.

In the presentation, information may be displayed along with a map (or environmental model) of the location. Information may include location, zone, area, region, coverage area, corrected location, approximate location, location w.r.t. with respect to the map of the location, location with respect to a segmented location, direction, route, route with respect to the map and/or segmentation, trace (e.g., location within a time window such as the past 5 seconds, or the past 10 seconds, where the time window duration may be adaptively (and/or dynamically) adjusted, and the time window duration may be adaptively (and/or dynamically) adjusted with respect to speed, acceleration), route history, approximate areas/zones along the route, past location history/summary, past history of locations of interest, frequently visited areas, customer traffic, herd distribution, herd behavior, herd control information, speed, acceleration, movement statistics, respiration rate, heart rate, presence/absence of movement, Presence or absence of a person, pet, or object, presence or absence of vital signs, gesture control (controlling a device using gestures), location-based gesture control, location-based operation information, identity (ID) or identifier of the object of interest (e.g., pet, person, self-guided machine/device, vehicle, drone, car, boat, bicycle, unmanned car, machine with fan, air conditioner, TV, machine with moving parts), user identification (e.g., person), user information, position/speed/acceleration/direction/movement/gesture/gesture control/movement trace, user ID or identifier, user activity, user state, user sleep/rest characteristics, user emotional state, user vital signs, location The event information may include environmental information, location weather information, earthquake, explosion, storm, rain, fire, temperature, collision, impact, vibration, door opening event, door closing event, window opening event, window closing event, fall event, combustion event, freezing event, water-related event, wind-related event, air movement event, accident event, quasi-periodic event (e.g., running on a treadmill, hopping, skipping rope, somersaults, etc.), recurring events, flocking events, vehicle events, and user gestures (e.g., hand gestures, arm gestures, foot gestures, leg gestures, body gestures, head gestures, face gestures, mouth gestures, eye gestures, etc.).

Location may be two-dimensional (e.g., using two-dimensional coordinates), three-dimensional (e.g., using three-dimensional coordinates). Location may be relative (e.g., with respect to a map or environmental model) or relational (e.g., halfway between point A and point B, around a corner, upstairs, on a table, on the ceiling, on the floor, on a sofa, close to point A, distance R from point A, within a radius of R from point A, etc.). Location may be expressed in Cartesian coordinates, polar coordinates, and/or another representation.

Information (e.g., location) may be marked with at least one symbol. The symbol may change over time. The symbol may flash and/or pulsate with or without changing color/intensity. The size may change over time. The orientation of the symbol may change over time. The symbol may be a number reflecting an instantaneous quantity (e.g., user's vital signs/respiratory rate/heart rate/gesture/status/condition/action/movement, temperature, network traffic, network connectivity, device/machine status, remaining device power, device state, etc.). The rate of change, size, orientation, color, intensity, and/or symbol may reflect the respective movement. Information may be presented visually and/or verbally (e.g., using pre-recorded audio or speech synthesis). Information may be written in text. Information may also be presented in a mechanical manner (e.g., animated gadgets, moving parts).

The user interface (UI) device may be a smartphone (e.g., iPhone, Android phone), tablet (e.g., iPad), laptop (e.g., notebook computer), personal computer (PC), device with a graphic user interface (GUI), smart speaker, device with voice/sound/speaker capabilities, virtual reality (VR) device, augmented reality (AR) device, smart car, in-car display, voice assistant, in-car voice assistant, etc.

A map (or environmental model) may be two-dimensional, three-dimensional, and/or higher dimensional (e.g., a time-varying 2D/3D map/environment model). Walls, windows, doors, entrances, exits, and restricted areas may be marked on the map or model. A map may include a floor plan of a facility. A map or model may have one or more layers (overlays). A map/model may be a maintenance map/model including water pipes, gas pipes, wiring, cable runs, air ducts, crawl spaces, ceiling layouts, and/or underground layouts. A location may be divided/subdivided/regionalized/grouped into multiple zones/areas/geographic regions/sectors/sections/territories/districts/administrative areas/sites/neighborhoods/areas/stretches/open spaces, such as bedrooms, living rooms, storage rooms, walkways, kitchens, dining rooms, foyers, garages, first floors, second floors, restrooms, offices, conference rooms, reception areas, various office areas, various warehouse areas, various facility areas, etc. The segments/areas/districts can be presented in a map/model. Different areas may be color-coded. Different areas may be presented with characteristics (e.g., color, brightness, color intensity, texture, animation, blinking, blink rate, etc.). The logical segmentation of the location can be performed using at least one heterogeneous Type 2 device, or server (e.g., hub device), or cloud server, etc.

Here is an example of the disclosed systems, devices, and methods. Stephan and his family want to install the disclosed wireless motion detection system to detect movement in their 2,000-square-foot, two-story townhouse in Seattle, Washington. Because his home is two stories, Stephan has decided to use one Type 2 device (labeled A) and two Type 1 devices (labeled B and C) on the first floor. The first floor is centered around three rooms: the kitchen, dining room, and living room, arranged in a straight line with the dining room in the middle. The kitchen and living room are on opposite sides of the house. He has placed a Type 2 device (A) in the dining room, one Type 1 device (B) in the kitchen, and another Type 1 device (C) in the living room. With this device installation, he is specifically using the motion detection system to partition the first floor into three zones: the dining room, the living room, and the kitchen. When motion is detected by the A-B pair and the AC pair, the system analyzes the motion information and associates the motion with one of three zones.

When Stefan and his family go away for the weekend (e.g., going camping for a long weekend), Stefan turns on the motion detection system using a mobile phone app (e.g., an Android phone app or an iPhone app). When the system detects motion, an alert signal is sent to Stefan (e.g., an SMS text message, email, push message to the mobile phone app, etc.). If Stefan pays a monthly fee (e.g., $10/month), a service company (e.g., a security company) receives the alert signal through a wired network (e.g., broadband) or a wireless network (e.g., home Wi-Fi, LTE, 3G, 2.5G, etc.) and performs security procedures for Stefan (e.g., calling him to check the problem, sending someone to check the house, contacting the police on Stefan's behalf, etc.). Stefan loves his elderly mother and is concerned about her well-being when he is home alone. When his mother is home alone while the rest of the family is out (e.g., going to work, shopping, or on vacation), Stephan uses his mobile app to turn on the motion detection system to ensure his mother is okay. He then uses the mobile app to monitor his mother's movements around the house. When Stephan uses the mobile app to see his mother moving around the house between three areas, according to her daily routine, he knows that his mother is okay. Stephan is grateful that the motion detection system can help him monitor his mother's well-being while he is away from home.

On a typical day, his mother wakes up around 7:00 AM. She would spend about 20 minutes making breakfast in the kitchen. She would then eat breakfast in the dining room for about 30 minutes. Then she would do her daily exercise in the living room before sitting on the sofa and watching her favorite TV show. The motion detection system allows Stephan to see the timing of movements in each of three areas of the house. When the movements fit into her daily routine, Stephan knows roughly that his mother must be doing well. However, if the movement pattern seems abnormal (e.g., no movement until 10:00 AM, staying in the kitchen for too long, remaining motionless for too long, etc.), Stephan suspects something is wrong and calls his mother to check on her. Stephan may even ask someone (e.g., family member, neighbor, paid staff member, friend, social worker, service provider) to check on his mother.

Sometimes, Stephen feels like relocating his Type 2 device. He simply unplugs the device from its original AC power plug and plugs it into another AC power plug. He is pleased that the wireless motion detection system is plug-and-play, and repositioning does not affect the system's operation. It works immediately after powering it on.

On another occasion, Stephan is so convinced that our wireless motion detection system can indeed detect motion with very high accuracy and very low alerts that he is able to use the mobile app to monitor motion on the first floor. He decides to install a similar configuration (i.e., one Type 2 device and two Type 1 devices) on the second floor to monitor the second bedroom. Again, he finds that system setup is extremely easy, as he simply needs to plug the Type 2 and Type 1 devices into AC power plugs on the second floor. No special installation is required. He can then use the same mobile app to monitor motion on the first and second floors. Each Type 2 device on the first/second floors can interact with all of the Type 1 devices on both the first and second floors. Stephan is happy to see that as he doubles his investment in Type 1 and Type 2 devices, he has more than double the capacity of his combined system.

According to various embodiments, each CI (CI) may include at least one of channel state information (CSI), frequency-domain CSI, a frequency representation of CSI, frequency-domain CSI associated with at least one subband, time-domain CSI, intra-domain CSI, channel response, channel response estimate, channel impulse response (CIR), channel frequency response (CFR), channel characteristics, channel filter response, CSI of a wireless multipath channel, information of a wireless multipath channel, timestamp, auxiliary information, data, metadata, user data, account data, access data, security data, session data, status data, management data, family data, identity (ID), identifier, device data, network data, proximity data, environmental data, real-time data, sensor data, stored data, encrypted data, compressed data, protected data, and/or another CI. In one embodiment, the disclosed system has hardware components (e.g., a wireless transmitter/receiver with an antenna, analog circuitry, a power supply, a processor, memory) and corresponding software components. According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the disclosed system includes a Bot (referred to as a Type 1 device) and an Origin (referred to as a Type 2 device) for vital signs detection and monitoring. Each device includes a transceiver, a processor, and a memory.

The disclosed system can be applied in many situations. In one example, a Type 1 device (transmitter) can be a small Wi-Fi-enabled device placed on a table. It can also be a Wi-Fi-enabled television (TV), set-top box (STB), smart speaker (e.g., Amazon Echo), smart refrigerator, smart microwave, mesh network router, mesh network satellite, smartphone, computer, tablet, smart plug, etc. In one example, a Type 2 device (receiver) can be a Wi-Fi-enabled device placed on a table. It can also be a Wi-Fi-enabled television (TV), set-top box (STB), smart speaker (e.g., Amazon Echo), smart refrigerator, smart microwave, mesh network router, mesh network satellite, smartphone, computer, tablet, smart plug, etc. The Type 1 and Type 2 devices can be placed in or near a conference room to count people. The Type 1 and Type 2 devices can be a health monitoring system for elderly people to monitor daily activities and any signs of symptoms (e.g., dementia, Alzheimer's disease). Type 1 and Type 2 devices can be used in infant monitors to monitor vital signs (breathing) of living infants. Type 1 and Type 2 devices can be placed in bedrooms to monitor sleep quality and any sleep apnea. Type 1 and Type 2 devices can be placed in automobiles to monitor passenger and driver health, detect driver sleep, and detect any babies left in the vehicle. Type 1 and Type 2 devices can be used in logistics to prevent human trafficking by monitoring people hidden in trucks and containers. Type 1 and Type 2 devices can be deployed by emergency services in disaster areas to search for victims trapped in rubble. Type 1 and Type 2 devices can be placed in an area to detect the breathing of any intruders. Non-wearable wireless respiratory monitoring has many applications.

The hardware modules may be configured to include Type 1 transceivers and/or Type 2 transceivers. The hardware modules may be sold/used under variable brands to design, build, and sell final commercial products. Products using the disclosed systems and/or methods include home/office security products, sleep monitoring products, Wi-Fi products, mesh products, TVs, STBs, entertainment systems, Hi-Fi, speakers, appliances, lamps, stoves, ovens, microwaves, tables, chairs, beds, shelves, tools, appliances, torches, vacuum cleaners, smoke detectors, sofas, pianos, fans, doors, windows, door/window handles, locks, smoke detection systems, car accessories, computing devices, office supplies, air conditioners, heaters, etc. It could be a motor, a pipe, a connector, a surveillance camera, an access point, a group of computing devices, a mobile device, an LTE device, a 3G/4G/5G/6G device, a UMTS device, a 3GPP device, a GSM device, an EDGE device, a TDMA device, an FDMA device, a CDMA device, a WCDMA device, a TD-SCDMA device, a gaming device, glasses, a glass panel, VR goggles, a necklace, a watch, a waistband, a belt, a wallet, a pen, a hat, clothing, an implanted device, a tag, a parking ticket, a smartphone, etc.

The summarization may include: analysis, output response, selected time window, subsampling, transformation, and/or projection. The presentation may include presenting at least one of a month/week/day view, simplified/detailed view, cross-sectional view, small/large form factor view, color-coded view, comparison view, summary view, video, web view, audio announcement, and another presentation related to the cyclical/recurring nature of the recurring motion.

Type 1/Type 2 devices include antennas, devices with antennas, devices with housings (e.g., for radios, antennas, data/signal processing units, radio ICs, circuits), devices that interface/attach/connect/link to another device/system/computer/telephone/network/data aggregator, devices with user interfaces (UIs), graphical UIs/displays, devices with wireless transceivers, devices with wireless transmitters, devices with wireless receivers, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, devices with wireless networks, devices with both wired and wireless network capabilities, devices with wireless integrated circuits (ICs), Wi-Fi devices, devices with Wi-Fi chips (e.g., compliant with 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax standards), Wi-Fi access points (APs), Wi-Fi clients, Wi-Fi routers, Wi-Fi repeater, Wi-Fi hub, Wi-Fi mesh network router/hub/AP, wireless mesh network router, ad-hoc network device, wireless mesh network device, mobile device (e.g., 2G/2.5G/3G/3.5G/4G/LTE/5G/6G/7G, UMTS, 3GPP, GSM, EDGE, TDMA, FDMA, CDMA, WCDMA, TD-SCDMA), cellular device, base station, mobile network base station, mobile network hub, mobile network compatible device, LTE device, device with LTE module, mobile module (e.g., circuit board with mobile-enabled chip (IC) such as Wi-Fi chip, LTE chip, BLE chip), device with mobile module, smartphone, companion device for smartphone (e.g., dongle, attachment, plug-in), dedicated device, plug-in device, AC powered The device may be a portable device, a battery-powered device, a device with a processor/memory/set of instructions, a smart device/gadget/item: a watch, stationery, a pen, a user interface, paper, a mat, a camera, a television (TV), a set-top box, a microphone, a speaker, a refrigerator, an oven, a machine, a phone, a wallet, furniture, a door, a window, a ceiling, a floor, a wall, a table, a chair, a bed, a nightstand, an air conditioner, a heater, a pipe, a duct, a cable, a carpet, a decoration, a gadget, a USB device, a plug, a dongle, a lamp/light, a tile, an ornament, a bottle, a vehicle, a car, an AGV, a drone, a robot, a laptop, a tablet, a computer, a hard disk, a network card, an appliance, a racket, a ball, a shoe, a wearable device, clothing, glasses, a hat, a necklace, food, a pill, a small device that moves within a living being's body (e.g., blood vessels, lymphatic fluid, digestive system), and/or another device. The Type 1 and/or Type 2 devices may be communicatively coupled to the Internet, another device that accesses the Internet (e.g., a smartphone), a cloud server (e.g., a hub device), an edge server, a local server, and/or storage. The Type 1 and/or Type 2 devices may operate under local control, may be controlled by another device via a wired or wireless connection, may operate autonomously, or may be controlled by a central system located remotely (e.g., away from the home).

In one embodiment, a Type B device may be a transceiver that may perform as both an origin (Type 2 device, Rx device) and a bot (Type 1 device, Tx device), i.e., a Type B device may be both a Type 1 (Tx) device and a Type 2 (Rx) device (e.g., simultaneously or alternately), such as a mesh device, mesh router, etc. In one embodiment, a Type A device may be a transceiver that may function only as a bot (Tx device), i.e., it may be only a Type 1 device or only a Tx, such as a simple IoT device. It may have the functionality of an origin (Type 2 device, Rx device), but in some embodiment, it functions only as a bot. All Type A and Type B devices form a tree structure. The root may be a Type B device that has access to a network (e.g., the Internet). For example, it may be connected to broadband services via a wired connection (e.g., Ethernet, cable modem, ADSL/HDSL modem) or a wireless connection (e.g., LTE, 3G/4G/5G, WiFi, Bluetooth, microwave link, satellite link, etc.). In one embodiment, all Type A devices are leaf nodes. Each Type B device may be a root node, a non-leaf node, or a leaf node.

The Type 1 device (transmitter, or Tx) and Type 2 device (receiver, or Rx) may be on the same device (e.g., RF chip/IC), or simply on the same device. The device may operate in high frequency bands such as 28 GHz, 60 GHz, 77 GHz, etc. The RF chip may have dedicated Tx antennas (e.g., 32 antennas) and dedicated Rx antennas (e.g., another 32 antennas).

One transmit antenna can transmit a radio signal (e.g., a series of probe signals, perhaps at 100 Hz). Alternatively, all Tx antennas can be used to transmit radio signals with beamforming (at Tx), so that the radio signal is focused in a particular direction (e.g., for energy efficiency, or to boost the signal-to-noise ratio in that direction, or for low-power operation when "scanning" in that direction, or when an object is known to be in that direction).

The radio signal strikes an object (e.g., a living human being lying on a bed 4 feet away from the Tx/Rx antennas, breathing and heartbeat) within a location (e.g., a room). Object movement (e.g., lung movement according to breathing rate, or blood vessel movement according to heartbeat) can affect/modulate the radio signal. All Rx antennas can be used to receive the radio signal.

Beamforming (at Rx and/or Tx) may be applied (digitally) to "scan" different directions. Many directions may be scanned or monitored simultaneously. Along with beamforming, "sectors" (e.g., direction, orientation, bearing, zone, region, segment) may be defined relative to the Type 2 device (e.g., relative to the center position of the antenna array). For each probing signal (e.g., pulse, ACK, control packet, etc.), channel information or CI (e.g., Channel Impulse Response/CIR, CSI, CFR) is obtained/calculated (e.g., from the RF chip) for each sector. For respiration detection, CIR can be collected over a sliding window (e.g., 30 seconds; a 100 Hz ringing/probing rate could have 3000 CIRs over 30 seconds).

A CIR can have many taps (e.g., N1 components/tap). Each tap may be associated with a time lag, or time-of-flight (e.g., the time to hit and back a person 4 feet away). When breathing in a certain direction at a certain distance (e.g., 4 feet), one can look for the CIR in the "certain direction" and then look for the tap corresponding to the "certain distance." Respiration rate and heart rate can then be calculated from that tap of that CIR.

Each tap within a sliding window (e.g., a 30-second window of a "component time series") can be viewed as a time function (e.g., a "tap function," a "component time series"). Each tap function can be examined in search of strong periodic behavior (e.g., corresponding perhaps to breathing in the range 10 bpm to 40 bpm).

A Type 1 device and/or a Type 2 device may have external connections/links and/or internal connections/links. An external connection (e.g., connection 1110) may be associated with 2G/2.5G/3G/3.5G/4G/LTE/5G/6G/7G/NBIoT, UWB, WiMax, Zigbee, 802.16, etc. Internal connections (e.g., 1114A and 1114B, 1116, 1118, 1120) can be associated with Wi-Fi, IEEE 802.11 standards, 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ad/af/ag/ah/ai/aj/aq/ax/ay, Bluetooth 1.0/1.1/1.2/2.0/2.1/3.0/4.0/4.1/4.2/5, BLE, mesh networks, and IEEE 802.16/1/1a/1b/2/2a/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h/i/j/k/l/m/n/o/p/ standards.

Type 1 devices and/or Type 2 devices are powered by batteries (e.g., AA batteries, AAA batteries, coin cell batteries, button cell batteries, small batteries, battery banks, power banks, car batteries, hybrid batteries, vehicle batteries, container batteries, non-rechargeable batteries, rechargeable batteries, NiCd batteries, NiMH batteries, lithium ion batteries, zinc carbon batteries, zinc chloride batteries, lead acid batteries, alkaline batteries, batteries with wireless chargers, smart batteries, solar batteries, boat batteries, plain batteries, other batteries, temporary energy storage devices, capacitors, flywheels.)

Any device may be powered by DC or direct current (e.g., from batteries, generators, power converters, solar panels, rectifiers, DC-DC converters as described above, at various voltages such as 1.2V, 1.5V, 3V, 5V, 6V, 9V, 12V, 24V, 40V, 42V, 48V, 110V, 220V, 380V, etc.) and therefore may have a DC connector or connectors with at least one pin for DC power.

Any device may be powered by AC or alternating current (e.g., from a domestic wall outlet, a transformer, an inverter, shore power, or various voltages such as 100V, 110V, 120V, 100-127V, 200V, 220V, 230V, 240V, 220-240V, 100-240V, 250V, 380V, 50Hz, 60Hz, etc.) and therefore may have an AC connector or connectors with at least one pin for AC power. Type 1 devices and/or Type 2 devices may be located (e.g., installed, positioned, moved) on-site or off-site.

For example, in a vehicle (e.g., automobile, truck, lorry, bus, specialty vehicle, tractor, excavator, drilling machine, teleporter, bulldozer, crane, forklift, electric vehicle, AGV, emergency vehicle, cargo, freight car, trailer, container, boat, ferry, ship, submarine, aircraft, airship, lift, monorail, train, electric railcar, rail car, rail car, etc.), the Type 1 device and/or Type 2 device may be an embedded device embedded in the vehicle or an add-on device (e.g., an aftermarket device) plugged into a port within the vehicle (e.g., an OBD port/socket, a USB port/socket, an accessory port/socket, a 12V auxiliary power outlet, and/or a 12V cigarette lighter port/socket).

For example, one device (e.g., a Type 2 device) may be plugged into a 12V cigarette lighter/accessory port or an OBD port or a USB port (e.g., of a car/truck/vehicle), and the other device (e.g., a Type 1 device) may be plugged into a 12V cigarette lighter/accessory port or an OBD port or a USB port. The OBD port and/or USB port may provide power, signaling, and/or networking (of the car/truck/vehicle). The two devices may jointly monitor passengers, including children/babies, in the vehicle. They may be used to count passengers, recognize the driver, and detect the presence of passengers in specific seats/positions within the vehicle.

In another embodiment, one device may be plugged into a 12V cigarette lighter/accessory port or OBD port or USB port of a car/truck/vehicle, while the other device may be plugged into a 12V cigarette lighter/accessory port or OBD port or USB port of another car/truck/vehicle.

In another example, many devices of the same Type A (e.g., Type 1 or Type 2) may exist in many different types of vehicles/portable devices/smart gadgets (e.g., automated guided vehicles/AGVs, shopping/luggage/mobile carts, parking tickets, golf carts, bicycles, smartphones, tablets, cameras, recording devices, smartwatches, roller skates, shoes, jackets, goggles, hats, eyewear, wearables, Segways, scooters, luggage tags, cleaners, vacuum cleaners, pet tags/collars/wearables/implants), each plugged into the vehicle's 12V accessory port/OBD port/USB port or embedded in the vehicle. There may also be one or more other Type B devices (e.g., if A is Type 2, then B is Type 1, and if A is Type 1, then B is Type 2) installed in locations such as gas stations, streetlights, street corners, tunnels, multi-story parking garages, and scattered locations covering large areas such as factories, stadiums, train stations, shopping malls, and construction sites. The Type A devices can be located, tracked, or monitored based on TSCI.

The area/location may not have local connectivity such as broadband service, Wi-Fi, etc. Type 1 and/or Type 2 devices may be portable. Type 1 and/or Type 2 devices may support plug and play.

Pairwise wireless links can be established between many pairs of devices, forming a tree structure. In each pair (and associated link), one device (the second device) can be a non-leaf (Type B). The other device (the first device) can be a leaf (Type A or Type B) or a non-leaf (Type B). In the link, the first device acts as a bot (Type 1 device or transmitting device) to transmit a wireless signal (e.g., a probe signal) to the second device over a wireless multipath channel. The second device can act as an origin (Type 2 device or Rx device) to receive the wireless signal, obtain the TSCI, and calculate a "link analysis" based on the TSCI.

1 illustrates an exemplary scenario in which object movement is detected based on channel state information within a location, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, in a two-bedroom apartment 100, an origin 101 may be located in the living area 102, a bot 1 110 may be located in the bedroom 1 area 112, and a bot 2 120 may be located in the dining room area 122. Bot 1 110 and bot 2 120 may each transmit a wireless signal to the origin 101, which may acquire channel information of a wireless multipath channel based on the wireless signal. The origin 101 may calculate motion information based on the channel information, either independently or via a third device such as a motion detector, and detect object movement/activity based on the motion information. That is, the origin 101 may detect object movement/activity based on the wireless signals transmitted by bot 1 110 and/or bot 2 120, either independently or via a third device such as a motion detector.

If object movement/activity is detected based on the wireless signals transmitted by both Bot1 110 and Bot2 120, the activity/movement or object (e.g., person/user) may be located within the living room area 102. If object movement/activity is detected based only on the wireless signals transmitted by Bot1 110, the activity/movement or object (e.g., person/user) may be located within the bedroom 1 area 112. If object movement/activity is detected based only on the wireless signals transmitted by Bot2 120, the activity/movement or object (e.g., person/user) may be located within the dining room area 122. If object movement/activity cannot be detected based on the wireless signals transmitted by either Bot1 110 or Bot2 120, it may be determined that no one or object is located within the apartment 100. The corresponding area in which activity/movement/person/user is detected may be marked with a predetermined pattern.

In some embodiments, the bot and origin of a wireless monitoring system may be located in different locations, for example, based on the location of a power source and/or the location of the object being monitored. For example, in a vehicle wireless monitoring system including a bot (or transmitter) and an origin (or receiver), each of the transmitter and receiver may be located in different locations within the vehicle or in different locations on the vehicle.

In some embodiments, bots and origins may also be utilized in wireless monitoring systems to monitor objects or detect events related to vehicles. These wireless monitoring systems are sometimes referred to as car presence detection (CPD) systems or vehicle wireless monitoring systems.

In some embodiments, bots and origins may also be utilized in a wireless monitoring system to monitor objects or detect events, triggering an assistant device or digital assistant system, such as a smart speaker or a smart assistant such as Google Home or Amazon Alexa. The results of the wireless monitoring system may automatically trigger and/or adjust the operation of the digital assistant system, for example, turning on or adjusting the operation of the digital assistant system upon motion detection, motion loss, motion location, etc. The wireless monitoring system, together with the assistant device, may be referred to as an automated assistant system.

A wireless monitoring system, including bots and origins, can enter various operating modes, such as an inactive mode, a dormant mode, a sleep mode, a standby mode, a low-power mode, an off mode, and/or a power-down mode. Exemplary transitions between system operating modes are shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B. As shown in FIG. 2A, the system can initially operate in mode 1 using parameter P1. Upon some trigger event T12, the system can transition to operating mode 2 using parameter P2. Then, upon another trigger event T21, the system can return to operating mode 1. As shown in FIG. 2B, another operating mode 3 with parameter P3 may exist. In one embodiment, the system currently operates in mode 2. Upon some trigger event T23, the system can transition to operating mode 3. Then, upon another trigger event T31, the system can return to operating mode 1.

FIG. 3 illustrates a flowchart of an exemplary method 300 of a wireless monitoring system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In operation 302, a transmitter, e.g., on a bot, transmits a wireless signal through a wireless multipath channel of a location. In operation 304, a receiver, e.g., on an origin, receives the wireless signal affected by modulation of the wireless multipath channel and an object moving within the location. In operation 306, a set of channel information (CI) for the wireless multipath channel is obtained based on the wireless signal. In operation 308, a monitoring task is executed to monitor the object and its movement based on the set of CI. In operation 310, multiple allowable system states of the wireless monitoring system are determined. Each allowable system state is associated with a respective setting of at least one of the wireless signal, a set of sounding signals in the wireless signal, or a monitoring task. In operation 312, one of the allowable system states is selected as a system state of the wireless monitoring system based on the monitoring task. In operation 314, the wireless monitoring system is configured by applying a setting associated with the selected allowable system state to the wireless monitoring system. The order of the operations in FIG. 3 may be varied according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4 illustrates a flowchart of another exemplary method 400 of a wireless monitoring system in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. In operation 402, a set of channel information (CI) for a wireless multipath channel within a location is obtained based on a wireless signal affected by modulation of the wireless multipath channel and an object moving within the location. In operation 404, a monitoring task is executed to monitor objects and object movement based on the set of CI. In operation 406, a plurality of allowable system states for the wireless monitoring system are determined. Each allowable system state is associated with a respective setting. In operation 408, one of the allowable system states is automatically selected as a system state for the wireless monitoring system based on the monitoring task. In operation 410, the wireless monitoring system is configured by applying the setting associated with the selected allowable system state to the wireless monitoring system. Optionally, in operation 412, the system state is changed to a first state associated with a normal sounding rate associated with the monitoring task. In operation 414, optionally, the system state is changed to a second state associated with a sounding rate higher than the normal sounding rate, if the monitoring task requires it. Optionally, at operation 416, the system state is changed to a third state associated with a sounding rate lower than the normal sounding rate to conserve power. The order of the operations in FIG. 4 may be changed according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

Humanoid mannequins can mimic human activity as Wi-Fi sensing subjects. Wireless sensing has brought many benefits to people's daily lives. However, involving human subjects in testing for wireless sensing and monitoring applications can pose potential health risks or inconvenience/dependence, as the testing and regulatory processes can be lengthy and expensive. There may also be liability issues due to potential workplace injuries. Replicable, reproducible, and scalable testing processes are highly necessary because they can shorten product development and commercialization times and create standardized testing protocols for the wireless sensing industry.

There are examples of using a substitute test subject for testing. For example, specific absorption rate (SAR) testing is a radio frequency (RF) dosimetry quantification of the magnitude and distribution of absorbed electromagnetic energy within a biological object exposed to an RF field.

A specific anthropomorphic manikin (SAM) is a phantom constructed from specific materials that simulate the dielectric properties of the human body. The electrical conductivity and permittivity of the human body are mimicked with solutions of sugar, salt, water, and other ingredients. Solutions of different compositions can be used for different frequencies, e.g., Wi-Fi or 5G.

From the perspective of the human body, SAMs can mimic radiation absorption, and the radiation absorbed dose can be used to estimate the effects on the human body. However, from the perspective of wireless sensing, if humans and pets are similar in size and shape, the absorption of SAMs can mimic the actual interaction with wireless signals (such as WiFi multipath), and they could potentially be used as test subjects in place of human subjects in WiFi sensing tests.

An exemplary approach using a permuted test subject is described below. First, a radio frequency band of interest can be selected, such as the WiFi 5 GHz band (5.250-5.350 GHz, 5.470-5.725 GHz). Second, a self-assembled object (SAM) is used in this frequency band. The high-frequency response of a material can be expressed in terms of complex permittivity. Shapes of different sizes can be tested, such as human adults, children, infants, pets, etc. They can be stationary or have moving parts (knees) or active moving parts controlled by robotic means (e.g., chest movement). In one embodiment, materials (e.g., paints or fillers) can be added to a mannequin for customization. Humanoid robots, or robotic parts in some approaches, can be utilized. The SAM can be from the fashion, automotive, or medical industries.

The wireless monitoring system may be in any one of a number of allowable system states, each associated with a respective setting of at least one of a wireless signal, a set of sounding signals on the wireless signal, or a monitoring task. At a given time, the system operates in a system state selected from the allowable system states. For example, FIG. 5 illustrates the process of system state transitions for a wireless monitoring system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The wireless monitoring system associated with FIG. 5 can operate in different system states, where each system state corresponds to a sounding signal at a different frequency.

In one embodiment, the wireless monitoring system of FIG. 5 may be utilized to monitor human health, for example, by performing daily activity, sleep monitoring, and/or fall detection. The wireless monitoring system may have a default state with a sounding signal at a frequency of 1 Hz to search for movement or respiratory activity. This default frequency is selected to have good performance, e.g., a sufficiently high detection rate, when no one is home, or in conditions the system is expected to experience most frequently.

When a trigger event occurs, the system transitions from one state to another. For example, if significant movement is detected and certain criteria are met, the system changes its sounding signal frequency to X3 Hz and enters another state, where X3 > X1. In this new situation, the system can wait to detect fall incidents in addition to movement and breathing detection.

Once certain timeout conditions are met, for example, after a predetermined period without a fall accident detection, the system returns to the default state with an X1 Hz sounding signal. When the system engine is in the sleep stage, the system can either remain in the default X1 Hz state or switch to the X2 Hz state, as shown in FIG. 5, where X2 > X1. The X1 Hz state allows the system to perform normal sleep monitoring using an X1 Hz sounding signal, and sleep apnea can only be detected if it persists beyond a first period T1. The X2 Hz state allows the system to perform normal sleep monitoring using an X2 Hz sounding signal, and sleep apnea can be detected whenever it persists beyond a second period T2, where T2 is less than T1. If a large movement or movement pattern is detected (e.g., rolling toward the edge of the bed), the system switches to the X3 Hz state and waits for a fall from the bed, where X3 > X2.

In some embodiments, the system can use the X3 Hz sounding signal as a default and constant frequency, ensuring that any trigger events do not cause a frequency switch. When a trigger event occurs, the system engine can perform downsampling and use the X1 Hz component for motion and respiration detection.

Figure 6 illustrates another system state transition process for a wireless monitoring system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The wireless monitoring system associated with Figure 6 can operate in different system states, where each system state corresponds to a sounding signal at a different frequency. In one embodiment, the wireless monitoring system of Figure 6 can be utilized to detect the presence of objects and/or monitor the movement of objects within a home or space. For example, the system may be a home monitoring or public space monitoring system to ensure safety.

A system according to FIG. 6 can have a default state with a sounding signal frequency of Y1 Hz to detect motion within a space. When motion is detected, the system sends an alert. After motion ceases, the system can remain in the Y1 Hz state for breath detection, or switch to the Y2 Hz state for finer resolution or a shorter apnea window, where Y2 > Y1. In one embodiment, the Y2 Hz state enables the system to perform wireless surveillance using the Y2 Hz sounding signal to detect motion in scenarios where an intruder is stationary but intends to remain in the space, or in a mall, museum, or public restroom after closing for the day. When a certain timeout condition is met, for example, after a predetermined period of no motion detection, the system returns to the initial state with the Y1 Hz sounding signal.

In other embodiments, instead of having a single default state, the system can be designed to alternate between multiple states. For example, the system in Figure 6 remains in the Y1Hz state for S1 seconds, then switches to the Y2Hz state for S2 seconds, and then returns to Y1Hz.

7A-7C are diagrams illustrating different arrangements for a transmitter and receiver in a vehicle wireless monitoring system, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 7A, a vehicle wireless monitoring system can be used to monitor and track an object (e.g., an infant or child 750) within a vehicle 701. In the example shown in FIG. 7A, the wireless receiver of the vehicle wireless monitoring system can be located in a position 710 in front of the driver's seat of the vehicle 701. In some embodiments, the wireless receiver can function as a hub for a smart car telematics monitor or other in-vehicle devices. In some embodiments, the wireless receiver includes a processor or wireless AI engine and can connect to a cloud server based on LTE or 5G.

In the example shown in FIG. 7A, a wireless transmitter for a vehicle wireless monitoring system may be located at location 720 on the dashboard or front-end window of a car 701. In some embodiments, the wireless transmitter can function as a high-quality car front dash cam for recording streaming video, for example, upon request from a wireless AI engine in the wireless receiver. In some embodiments, the wireless transmitter located at location 720 can connect to the wireless receiver located at location 710 to perform in-car wireless sensing based on Wi-Fi signals. In some embodiments, the wireless transmitter is plugged into a 12V outlet in the car 701 for charging. In some embodiments, the wireless transmitter is hardwired to the battery box of the car 701 for charging.

FIG. 7B illustrates another location for a transmitter and receiver in a vehicle wireless monitoring system, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In the example shown in FIG. 7B, the wireless receiver of the vehicle wireless monitoring system is still located in position 710 in front of the driver's seat of the vehicle 701, while the wireless transmitter of the vehicle wireless monitoring system may be located in position 721 or position 722, which may be located in a location where a 12V outlet is available. If the wireless AI engine in the wireless receiver can only host one transmitter for Wi-Fi sensing, one of positions 721 and 722 can be selected to locate the wireless transmitter. In some embodiments, the wireless transmitter in this case may be a high-speed USB-C charger that plugs into the vehicle's 12V outlet and is equipped with a battery. In some embodiments, the wireless transmitter located in position 721 or position 722 can connect to the wireless receiver located in position 710 to perform in-vehicle wireless sensing and monitoring.

FIG. 7C illustrates yet another location for a transmitter and receiver in a vehicle wireless monitoring system, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. While the wireless receiver of the vehicle wireless monitoring system in the example shown in FIG. 7C is still located in location 710 in front of the driver's seat of the vehicle 701, the wireless transmitter of the vehicle wireless monitoring system may be located in location 723 or location 724, where the infant or child 750 is within line of sight of the wireless transmitter and wireless receiver. If the wireless AI engine in the wireless receiver can only host one transmitter for Wi-Fi sensing, it may select one of locations 723 and 724 to locate the wireless transmitter. In some embodiments, the wireless transmitter in this case may be a dedicated transmitter with a battery therein and/or a solar panel for recharging the transmitter. In some embodiments, the wireless transmitter is attached to a window of the vehicle 701 by a suction cup. The suction cup allows the wireless transmitter to be attached to various and flexible locations on the vehicle 701. In some embodiments, a wireless transmitter located at location 723 or location 724 can connect to a wireless receiver located at location 710 to perform in-vehicle wireless sensing and monitoring. In very rare cases, a user may need to remove the wireless transmitter to recharge it via the USB port. In that case, the user will receive a low battery notification from an app on the transmitter.

FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of an exemplary method 800 of a wireless monitoring system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In operation 802, a transmitter of the wireless monitoring system, e.g., on a bot, is placed at a first location within the location and powered on. In operation 804, a receiver of the wireless monitoring system, e.g., on an origin, is placed at a second location within the location and powered on. In operation 806, a wireless signal is transmitted from the transmitter through a wireless multipath channel of the location. In operation 808, the wireless signal is received by the receiver via the wireless multipath channel. The wireless signal is affected by the wireless multipath channel and modulation of objects moving within the location. In operation 810, a set of wireless multipath channel information (CI) is obtained based on the wireless signal. In operation 812, objects and object movement are monitored based on the set of CI. The order of the operations in FIG. 8 may be changed according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

In one example of a vehicle wireless monitoring system, security and safety functions can operate simultaneously. For security concerns, the system can monitor the interior of the vehicle via wireless sensing (or cameras). For safety concerns, the system can monitor the exterior of the vehicle via cameras, radar, lidar, etc. while driving (in case of a traffic accident) and while parked (in case of a hit-and-run). For safety concerns, the system can monitor the vehicle itself, for example, via sensors, gyros, or accelerometers in either the transmitter or receiver of the wireless device. When parked, the system can monitor the vehicle to detect any events such as broken windows, burglaries, hit-and-runs, etc.

In another embodiment, each time the car is turned off, the system can perform Wi-Fi sensing to check for any movement or breathing signals to check if a child or pet has been left unattended. The system may send an alarm notification to the user if such an event is detected or if it goes into deep sleep mode. When the car is parked in deep sleep mode, if the car is hit by another vehicle, or if a car window is broken, the system can wake up again and perform Wi-Fi sensing again to check for break-in events. If the transmitter is a dash cam, it can also wake up and record video for a certain period of time. This idea can be extended to other indoor wireless surveillance scenarios.

In another example, a smart device such as a smart speaker or virtual assistant artificial intelligence (AI) may be triggered by some event detected by a wireless monitoring system, such as by Mimamori or other health monitoring and security applications. For example, Alexa may be triggered upon fall down detection without anyone having to ask Alexa first. Below are some example scenarios when a smart speaker Alexa may be triggered by wireless monitoring:

Scenario 1 (Motion detected during security mode)
1. Alexa: Hey Steve, is it you? Can you tell me your three passwords?
2a. Steve (Homeowner): Dog, eat, pizza.
3a. Alexa: Come back, Steve.
Enter Mimamori mode.

Scenario 2 (Motion detected during security mode):
1. Alexa: Hey Steve, is it you? Can you tell me your three passwords?
2b. Intruder: What? I don't know. Open Sesame. 3b. Alexa: Intruder! Intruder! I've taken a picture of you and sent it to the owner and the CSP security center. Get out now! (Alerts and/or photos are also sent to CSP and Steve.)
4b. Alexa: I see you're still there. You just entered the living room. I'm calling the police. Leave now. (Send additional alerts/photos to CSP and Steve)

Scenario 3 (Detecting Steve waking up in Mimamori mode)
1. Alexa: Good morning, Steve. Last night's sleep score was 49. Try taking a nap today. Would you like today's news or weather first?
2a. Steve: The weather.
3a. Alexa: What's the weather like today?
2b. Steve: ...

Scenario 4 (No motion detected for some time or a fall detected)
3b. Alexa: Steve, are you OK? Should I call for help?
4b. Steve: (quiet)
5. Alexa: Your caregiver has notified you to call. If you don't answer, she'll be on her way. (Activates security cameras)

Scenario 5 (sudden movement detected inside the vehicle)
1. Alexa: Steve, what's up? Should I call 911 or call roadside assistance?
2a. Steve: (quiet for a moment)
3a. Alexa: You didn't respond in time. To be safe, we'll call 911 unless you say something before 10 seconds. 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, call 911.
4a. Alexa: I called 911. An ambulance is coming to help you. (Activates security cameras)

Scenario 6 (sudden movement detected inside the vehicle)
1. Alexa: Steve, what's up? Should I call 911 or call roadside assistance?
2b. Steve: I'm stuck in the snow. I need roadside assistance.
3b. Alexa: You asked to call Roadside Assistance. Is that OK? Say yes or no.
4b. Steve: Yes.
5b. Alexa: I called Roadside Assistance. A tow truck will come to help. (Activates security cameras)

Scenario 7 (sudden movement detected inside the vehicle)
1. Alexa: Steve, what's wrong? Should I call 911 or roadside assistance? 2c. Steve: No, it's okay.
3c. Alexa: You said it was okay. Is that okay? Say yes or no.
4c.Steve: Yes.
5c. Alexa: That's great to hear. Drive safely, Steve.

FIG. 9A illustrates an occupant recognition function of a vehicle wireless monitoring system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 9A , the vehicle wireless monitoring system can be used to monitor and track an object associated with a vehicle 901. The object can be any one of a driver 902 in the vehicle 901, an infant or child 903 in the vehicle 901, a pet 904 in the vehicle 901, an unknown object 905 in the vehicle 901, etc. For example, based on wireless signals transmitted between a bot(s) and an origin(s) of the vehicle wireless monitoring system, the system can identify the movement of an object within the vehicle 901 (e.g., in the front seat 911, rear seat 912, trunk 913 of the vehicle 901), or the movement of an object in the vicinity of the vehicle 901. In one embodiment, the system can identify the movements, gestures, and/or breathing of the driver 902 in the front seat 911 of the vehicle 901. In another embodiment, the system can identify the subtle movements and breathing of an infant or child 903 in the rear seat 912 of the vehicle 901. In yet another embodiment, the system can identify the movement and breathing of a dog 904 in a back seat 912 within a car 901. In another embodiment, the system can identify the movement of an unknown object 905 within a trunk 913 of the car 901.

9B illustrates vandalism recognition capabilities of a vehicle wireless monitoring system, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 9B, the vehicle wireless monitoring system can be used to monitor and detect events related to a vehicle 901. The event may be any one of a broken window 905, a hit-and-run 906, or some other abnormal behavior of the vehicle 901. For example, based on wireless signals transmitted between the bot and origin of the vehicle wireless monitoring system, the system can identify vandalism, vibrations, or other abnormal behavior of the vehicle 901, which may indicate an event or accident. In one embodiment, the system can detect a broken window 905 at the passenger-side window 924 in the rear of the vehicle 901. In another embodiment, the system can detect a hit-and-run accident 906 based on detecting abnormal vandalism or behavior at the front corners 922 and/or rear corners 926 of the vehicle 901.

In some embodiments, the origin of the vehicle wireless monitoring system may be a wireless receiver that functions as a hub for a smart car telematics monitor or other in-vehicle devices. In some embodiments, the wireless receiver includes a processor or wireless AI engine and can connect to a cloud server based on LTE or 5G. In some embodiments, the bot of the vehicle wireless monitoring system may be a wireless transmitter that functions, for example, as a high-quality car front dash cam for recording streaming video in response to requests from the wireless receiver's wireless AI engine. In some embodiments, the bot of the vehicle wireless monitoring system may be a high-speed USB-C charger that plugs into a car's 12V outlet and is equipped with a battery. In some embodiments, the bot of the vehicle wireless monitoring system may be a dedicated transmitter with a battery within it and/or a solar panel for recharging the transmitter. In some embodiments, the wireless transmitter is attached to the window of the vehicle 901 by a suction cup. In some embodiments, the wireless transmitter is wirelessly connected to the wireless receiver to perform in-vehicle wireless sensing and monitoring.

FIG. 10 shows a flowchart of an example method 1000 of a vehicle wireless monitoring system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. At operation 1002, a first wireless signal is transmitted from a first wireless device over a wireless multipath channel at a location. The location includes the vehicle and the vehicle's immediate vicinity. For example, the location includes a nearby area around the vehicle, where object movement may affect the wireless signal transmitted from the bot of the vehicle wireless monitoring system to the origin. This ensures detection and monitoring of any objects or events in the vicinity of the vehicle, not just those inside the vehicle. At operation 1004, a second wireless signal is received by a second wireless device over the wireless multipath channel. The second wireless signal differs from the first wireless signal due to the wireless multipath channel and modulation of the first wireless signal by objects moving within the location. At operation 1006, a time series of channel information (TSCI) of the wireless multipath channel is obtained based on the second wireless signal using a processor, a memory communicatively coupled to the processor, and a set of instructions stored in the memory. In operation 1008, a monitoring task is performed by monitoring at least one of a vehicle, an object, or object movement based on the TSCI. The order of the operations in FIG. 10 may be varied according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

In one embodiment, each time the car is turned off, a vehicle wireless monitoring system, such as a CPD system, performs Wi-Fi sensing to look for any movement or breathing signals inside the car. In most cases, this performs a double check to determine if a child or pet has been unintentionally left in the car. If the system detects such or a similar event, it sends a warning notification to the user. The system then goes into deep sleep mode.

In another embodiment, when the car is parked and the system is in deep sleep mode, an accident or event may occur. For example, if the car is hit by another car or its window is broken, the system will automatically restart. The system will again perform Wi-Fi sensing to see if there are any interrupting events. If the bot or origin is connected to or coupled to a car camera (e.g., a dash camera or monitor), the camera will also wake up to record video for a predetermined period of time, e.g., 10 seconds. If such an event is detected, the system will send a warning notification to the user. The system will then again enter deep sleep mode.

FIG. 11 illustrates an exemplary state flow 1100 of a vehicle radio monitoring system, e.g., a car presence detection (CPD) system, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, in phase A, a user turns on the car engine to start the car, and in phase B, the user turns off the car engine and stops the car. Thus, the car is on from phase A to phase B, and the car is off from phase B to the next phase A. When the car is on, the vehicle radio monitoring system can be in a car on state 1101 to detect any abnormal activity in the trunk or outside the car. When the car is off, the vehicle radio monitoring system can enter other states in various scenarios. While a CPD system typically performs car presence detection, as described below, after the car engine is turned off, in some embodiments, the CPD system can also perform car presence detection before the car engine is turned off.

In the example shown in FIG. 11 , during Phase B, the vehicle wireless monitoring system enters a first state 1110 to perform CPD sensing when the vehicle is off but the user (owner or driver) is still near the vehicle. During first state 1110, the system does not send any alerts to the user, even if motion 1112 is detected. This sensing-but-not-alerting state 1110 can persist for a predetermined period of time or until the level of motion in and/or around the vehicle falls below a predetermined threshold. Additionally, the period and threshold may be dynamically adjusted based on the number or frequency of events detected during state 1110.

The system then enters a second state 1120 to perform CPD sensing when the vehicle is off and the user (owner or driver) is not near the vehicle. During the second state 1120, the system alerts the user whenever motion 1122, 1124, 1126 is detected, and also alerts the user whenever any breathing 1125 is detected. Sensing involving the alert state 1120 can continue for a predetermined period of time or until the level of motion in and/or around the vehicle falls below a predetermined threshold. The period and threshold may also be dynamically adjusted based on the number or frequency of events detected during state 1120.

The system then enters the third state 1130 in phase C, where the car is off and the CPD system enters deep sleep mode. During the third state 1130, the CPD system can be awakened, for example, by an abnormal event in phase D, such as a collision, a broken window, etc., to again enter the second state 1120 and perform CPD sensing with an alert when the car is off and the user (owner or driver) is not near the car. In this case, in response to detected motion 1128, the system sends an alert to the user during the second state 1120. Then, again, the system enters the third state 1130 in phase C, where the car is off and the CPD system again enters deep sleep mode. Finally, when the user turns the car engine back on, the system again enters the car-on state 1101.

FIG. 12A illustrates exemplary functionality of an automated assistant system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 12A, the automated assistant system can be used to detect and monitor individuals entering a home 1200. The individuals may be unauthorized users, such as intruders or thieves, or legitimate users, such as the home owner or resident. For example, based on wireless signals transmitted between the bots 1210, 1220, and 1230 of the automated assistant system and the origin 1201, the system can identify the movement of an object 1250 entering the home 1200. In one embodiment, the system includes an assistant device 1205 communicatively coupled to the origin 1201. The assistant device 1205 may or may not be physically coupled to the origin 1201.

Based on the detection and/or monitoring of object movement, the assistant device 1205 can attempt to communicate with the object (person 1250) and/or can automatically generate assistance based on the communication (or communication attempt, hereinafter). In one embodiment, after the assistant device 1205 determines based on the communication that the person 1250 is the home owner, the assistant device 1205 can automatically turn on the lights in the home. In another embodiment, after the assistant device 1205 determines based on the communication that the person 1250 is an intruder, the assistant device 1205 can automatically turn on an alarm and/or call 911 or other predetermined number to request help.

FIG. 12B illustrates another exemplary function of the automated assistance system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 12B, the automated assistance system may also be used to detect and monitor sudden movements of a person within the house 1200, such as a fall. The person 1260 may be the owner of the house or a resident of the house. For example, based on wireless signals transmitted between the bots 1210, 1220, and 1230 of the automated assistance system and the origin 1201, the system can identify that the person 1260 has fallen. Based on the detection of the fall, the assistant device 1205 can attempt to communicate with the person 1260 and/or can automatically generate assistance based on the communication. In one embodiment, after the assistant device 1205 determines that the person 1260 does not need assistance based on the communication, the assistant device 1205 can turn on more lights or adjust the temperature in the house based on predetermined settings. In another embodiment, after the assistant device 1205 determines, based on the communication, that the person 1260 has collapsed and/or needs immediate help, the assistant device 1205 can automatically call 911 or other predetermined number for help.

FIG. 13 shows a flowchart of an example method 1300 for triggering an assistant device based on wireless monitoring, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. At operation 1302, a first wireless signal is transmitted from a first wireless device within a location over a wireless multipath channel of the location. At operation 1304, a second wireless signal is received by a second wireless device over the wireless multipath channel. The second wireless signal differs from the first wireless signal due to the wireless multipath channel being affected by the movement of a person within the location. At operation 1306, a time series of channel information (TSCI) of the wireless multipath channel is obtained based on the second wireless signal using a processor, a memory communicatively coupled to the processor, and a set of instructions stored in the memory. At operation 1308, the movement of a person within the location is monitored based on the TSCI. At operation 1310, assistance to a person within the location is generated based on the monitoring without input from the person. The order of the operations in FIG. 13 can be changed according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

In one example, a smart device such as a smart speaker or virtual assistant artificial intelligence (AI) may be triggered by some event detected by the wireless monitoring system disclosed herein. In one embodiment, the wireless monitoring system may include Origin Wireless's Mimamori or other health monitoring and security applications.

In some embodiments, the wireless monitoring system may be integrated into a smart speaker, e.g., Amazon Echo or Amazon Alexa. In some embodiments, motion monitoring may be a skill on the smart speaker that interfaces with the wireless monitoring system. The wireless monitoring system may monitor motion and communicate analytics directly to the smart speaker. In some embodiments, the wireless monitoring system may monitor motion and send Level 1 analytics to the device, which may be a local or cloud device that performs additional processing and sends some Level 2 analytics to the smart speaker.

In some embodiments, a user provides verbal commands to a smart speaker, which then forwards the commands to a wireless monitoring system. The wireless monitoring system can use wireless sensing to monitor the user's movements and refine the user's commands. Based on the detected user movements, the wireless monitoring system can adjust system parameters or perform auxiliary actions, such as "change volume," "play next song," "repeat current song," or "turn on lights."

FIG. 14 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 1400 for wireless monitoring with a flexible power source, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. In operation 1402, a first wireless signal is transmitted from a first wireless device over a wireless multipath channel of a location. In operation 1404, a second wireless signal is received by a second wireless device over the wireless multipath channel. The second wireless signal differs from the first wireless signal due to the wireless multipath channel being affected by the movement of objects within the location. In operation 1406, a time series of channel information (TSCI) of the wireless multipath channel is obtained based on the second wireless signal, for example, using a processor, a memory communicatively coupled to the processor, and a set of instructions stored in the memory. In operation 1408, the movement of objects within the location is monitored based on the TSCI. At least one of the first wireless device or the second wireless device is attached to a power accessory. The order of the operations in FIG. 14 can be changed according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

Some embodiments relate to the design/plugs/mounts/transformers/accessories of Type 1 and Type 2 devices. In one embodiment, a Type 1 or Type 2 device has a desktop design (rests on a surface with a power cord) or a plug-in design (built-in plug, with transformer). In one embodiment, there is an accessory (no power) that helps the desktop design be wall-mounted. There is no electrical connection to the Type 1 or Type 2 device. The accessory has a power-transformer, prongs, and a connector to the Type 1 or Type 2 device. In another embodiment, the Type 1 or Type 2 device has an integrated (or convertible) design so that it can be placed on a desktop and plugged into a wall outlet. It has retractable prongs, a built-in transformer, and a power cable socket (a power cable that connects to a wall power socket). In another embodiment, the Type 1 or Type 2 device has an interchangeable plug (with an international plug/pin configuration).

15A and 15B illustrate an exemplary device 1500 having a power supply design according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 1500 shown in FIGS. 15A and 15B corresponds to a desktop design of a Type 1 or Type 2 device. That is, the device 1500 may be either a bot or an origin. The device 1500 may rest on a surface, such as a desk, and has an interface 1510 for connecting to a power cord for power supply.

Figure 16A illustrates an exemplary accessory 1601 for mounting a device to a wall surface, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 16B illustrates an exemplary device 1600 coupled to the accessory 1601 shown in Figure 16A, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the device 1600 can correspond to a Type 1 or Type 2 device, i.e., a desktop design for a bot or origin. In some embodiments, the device 1600 corresponds to an intelligent virtual assistant (IVA) or intelligent personal assistant (IPA), such as a smart speaker, and includes a bot or origin.

In this embodiment, accessory 1601 can help desktop design 1600 be wall-mounted. Accessory 1601 does not provide power and does not have a power interface. As such, accessory 1601 has no electrical coupling to device 1600. As shown in FIG. 16B, device 1600 may be powered via power cord 1610.

Figure 17A illustrates an exemplary accessory 1701 for attaching and connecting a device to a power outlet, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 17B illustrates an exemplary device 1700 coupled to the accessory 1701 shown in Figure 17A, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the device 1700 can correspond to a Type 1 or Type 2 device, i.e., a desktop design for a bot or origin. In some embodiments, the device 1700 corresponds to an intelligent virtual assistant (IVA) or intelligent personal assistant (IPA), such as a smart speaker, and comprises a bot or origin.

Accessory 1701 in this embodiment has a functional portion 1702 and a frame portion 1703. Frame portion 1703 can fit over and hold a device (e.g., device 1700), while portion 1702 can include a power plug or prongs for inserting into a power outlet for power, an internal power transformer, and/or a connector for electrically connecting the device to a power outlet to power the device.

18A and 18B illustrate another exemplary device 1800 with a power supply design, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 1800 shown in FIGS. 18A and 18B corresponds to a plug-in design for a Type 1 or Type 2 device. That is, the device 1800 may be either a bot or an origin. The device 1800 can be plugged into an outlet, such as a wall outlet, via a power supply plug 1810. Additionally, as shown in FIG. 18B, the plug 1810 is foldable, allowing the device 1800 to be converted into a desktop design for resting on a surface. In some embodiments, the device 1800 includes both a built-in plug and a power transformer.

In some embodiments, a Type 1 or Type 2 device may have an integrated or convertible design so that it can sit on a surface and plug into a wall power outlet. It may have retractable prongs, a built-in power transformer, and an interface for a power cable to connect to a wall power socket. That is, a Type 1 or Type 2 device may be available as either a plug-in design or a desktop design.

Figure 19 illustrates a scenario in which an integrated or convertible device 1800, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, is utilized as a plug-in design. As shown in Figure 19, when utilized as a plug-in design, prongs or pins 1810 of device 1800 are unfolded and extended into a socket on a wall 1900 to power device 1800. In this scenario, device 1800 does not need to have any cable accessories to form an origin or bot.

Figure 20 illustrates a scenario in which an integrated or convertible device 1800, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, is utilized as a desktop design. As shown in Figure 20, when utilized as a desktop design, the prongs or pins 1810 of the device 1800 are folded within the device 1800 and are not in use. The device 1800 is sitting on a desk 2000 and is powered by cable accessories including, for example, an AC/DC adapter 1820 and a power cable 1830. In this scenario, the device 1800, together with the AC/DC adapter 1820 and the power cable 1830, form an origin or bot.

In some embodiments, a mechanism can be configured to set one of the power inputs to have a higher priority to prevent both pin 1810 and power cable 1830 from being inserted into a power outlet. That way, when both pin 1810 and power cable 1830 are inserted or plugged in, the higher priority power input (e.g., pin 1810) can trigger a block, preventing the other power input (e.g., power cable 1830) from being electrically connected for double charging.

FIG. 21 illustrates an exemplary device 2100 with an interchangeable plug for power delivery, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Device 2100 shown in FIG. 21 corresponds to a plug-in design for a Type 1 or Type 2 device. That is, device 2100 may be a bot or an origin. As shown in FIG. 21, the plug of device 2100 may be modified to any of the other plug/pin configurations 2110, 2120, 2130, 2140, 2150 to fit different sockets for power delivery.

FIG. 22 illustrates an exemplary block diagram of a first wireless device, e.g., a bot 2200, of a wireless monitoring system, in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure. Bot 2200 is an example of a device that can be configured to implement various methods described herein. As shown in FIG. 22, bot 2200 includes a housing 2240 that houses a processor 2202, a memory 2204, a transceiver 2210 including a transmitter 2212 and a receiver 2214, a synchronization controller 2206, a power module 2208, and an optional carrier component 2220 and a wireless signal generator 2222.

In this embodiment, processor 2202 controls the basic operation of bot 2200 and may include one or more processing circuits or modules, such as a central processing unit (CPU) and/or any combination of general-purpose microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors (DSPs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), controllers, state machines, gate logic, discrete hardware components, dedicated hardware finite state machines, or any other suitable circuits, devices and/or structures capable of performing calculations or other manipulations of data.

Memory 2204, which may include both read-only memory (ROM) and random access memory (RAM), may provide instructions and data to processor 2202. A portion of memory 2204 may also include non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM). Processor 2202 typically performs logical and arithmetic operations based on program instructions stored in memory 2204. The instructions (also known as software) stored in memory 2204 may be executed by processor 2202 to perform the methods described herein. Processor 2202 and memory 2204 together form a processing system that stores and executes software. As used herein, "software" refers to any type of instructions, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, or the like, that are capable of configuring a machine or device to perform one or more desired functions or processes. Instructions may include code (e.g., code in source code format, binary code format, executable code format, or any other suitable format). When executed by one or more processors, the instructions cause the processing system to perform various functions described herein.

The transceiver 2210, including the transmitter 2212 and the receiver 2214, allows the bot 2200 to transmit and receive data to and from a remote device (e.g., the origin or another bot). The antenna 2250 is typically mounted on the housing 2240 and is electrically coupled to the transceiver 2210. In various embodiments, the bot 2200 includes multiple transmitters, multiple receivers, and multiple transceivers (not shown). In one embodiment, the antenna 2250 is replaced with a multi-antenna array 2250 capable of forming multiple beams, each pointing in a separate direction. The transmitter 2212 can be configured to wirelessly transmit signals having various types or functions, and such signals are generated by the processor 2202. Similarly, the receiver 2214 is configured to receive wireless signals having different types or functions, and the processor 2202 is configured to process multiple different types of signals.

In this embodiment, bot 2200 can function as bot 1 110 or bot 2 120 in FIG. 1 to detect object movement within a location. For example, wireless signal generator 2222 can generate and transmit a wireless signal via transmitter 2212 through a wireless multipath channel affected by object movement within the location. The wireless signal carries channel information. Because the channel was affected by the movement, the channel information includes motion information that can represent object movement. In this way, movement can be indicated and detected based on the wireless signal. The generation of a wireless signal by wireless signal generator 2222 can be based on a request for motion detection from another device, such as an origin, or based on system pre-configuration. That is, bot 2200 may or may not know that the transmitted wireless signal will be used to detect movement.

The synchronization controller 2206 in this example may be configured to control the operation of the bot 2200 to be synchronized or asynchronous with another device, for example, an origin or another bot. In one embodiment, the synchronization controller 2206 may control the bot 2200 to synchronize with an origin that receives a wireless signal transmitted by the bot 2200. In another embodiment, the synchronization controller 2206 may control the bot 2200 to transmit a wireless signal asynchronously with the other bots. In another embodiment, the bot 2200 and each of the other bots may transmit a wireless signal individually and asynchronously.

The carrier configuration unit 2220 is an optional component within the bot 2200 for configuring transmission resources, e.g., time and carrier, for transmitting the radio signal generated by the radio signal generator 2222. In one embodiment, each CI in the time series of CIs has one or more components, each corresponding to a carrier or subcarrier for transmission of the radio signal. Motion detection can be based on motion detection with respect to any one or any combination of the components.

The power module 2208 may include a power source, such as one or more batteries, and a power regulator that provides controlled power to each of the above-described modules of FIG. 22. In some embodiments, if the bot 2200 is coupled to a dedicated external power source (e.g., a wall power outlet), the power module 2208 may include a transformer and a power regulator.

The various modules described above are coupled to one another by a bus system 2230. The bus system 2230 may include a data bus and, for example, a power bus, a control signal bus, and/or a status signal bus in addition to the data bus. It will be appreciated that the modules of the bot 2200 may be operably coupled to one another using any suitable technology and medium.

While a number of separate modules or components are shown in FIG. 22, those skilled in the art will understand that one or more of the modules may be combined or commonly implemented. For example, processor 2202 may perform the functions described above with respect to processor 2202, as well as the functions described above with respect to wireless signal generator 2222. Conversely, each of the modules shown in FIG. 22 may be implemented using multiple separate parts or elements.

23 illustrates an exemplary block diagram of a second wireless device, e.g., origin 2300, of a wireless monitoring system, in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure. Origin 2300 is an example of a device that can be configured to implement various methods described herein. In this example, origin 2300 functions as origin 101 of FIG. 1 for detecting object motion within a location. As shown in FIG. 23, origin 2300 includes a housing 2340 that houses a processor 2302, a memory 2304, a transceiver 2310 including a transmitter 2312 and a receiver 2314, a power module 2308, a synchronization controller 2306, a channel information extractor 2320, and optionally, a motion detector 2322.

In this embodiment, the processor 2302, memory 2304, transceiver 2310, and power module 2308 operate similarly to the processor 302, memory 304, transceiver 310, and power module 308 in the bot 2200. The antenna 2350 or multi-antenna array 2350 is typically mounted in the housing 2340 and is electrically coupled to the transceiver 2310.

The origin 2300 may be a second wireless device having a different type from the first wireless device (e.g., the bot 2200). Specifically, a channel information extractor 2320 in the origin 2300 is configured to receive wireless signals over a wireless multipath channel affected by the movement of objects within the location and obtain a time series of channel information (CI) of the wireless multipath channel based on the wireless signals. The channel information extractor 2320 may send the extracted CI to an optional motion detector 2322, or a motion detector external to the origin 2300, for detecting the movement of objects within the location.

Motion detector 2322 is an optional element within origin 2300. In one embodiment, it is within origin 2300, as shown in FIG. 23. In another embodiment, it is external to origin 2300 and resides in another device, which may be a bot, another origin, a cloud server, a fog server, a local server, or an edge server. Optional motion detector 2322 may be configured to detect object movement within a location based on motion information associated with the object's movement. The motion information associated with the first and second wireless devices is calculated based on the time series of CIs by motion detector 2322 or another motion detector external to origin 2300.

The synchronization controller 2306 in this example may be configured to control the operation of the origin 2300 to be synchronized or not synchronized with another device, e.g., a bot, another origin, or an independent motion detector. In one embodiment, the synchronization controller 2306 may control the origin 2300 to be synchronized with a bot transmitting a wireless signal. In another embodiment, the synchronization controller 2306 may control the origin 2300 to receive wireless signals asynchronously with other origins. In another embodiment, the origin 2300 and each of the other origins may receive wireless signals separately and asynchronously. In one embodiment, the optional motion detector 2322, or a motion detector external to the origin 2300, is configured to asynchronously calculate respective heterogeneous motion information related to the object's motion based on respective time series of CIs.

The various modules described above are coupled to one another by a bus system 2330. The bus system 2330 may include a data bus and, for example, a power bus, a control signal bus, and/or a status signal bus in addition to the data bus. It will be appreciated that the modules of the origin 2300 may be operably coupled to one another using any suitable technology and medium.

While a number of separate modules or components are shown in FIG. 23, those skilled in the art will appreciate that one or more of the modules may be combined or commonly implemented. For example, processor 2302 may implement the functionality described above with respect to processor 2302 as well as the functionality described above with respect to channel information extractor 2320. Conversely, each of the modules shown in FIG. 23 may be implemented using multiple separate parts or elements.

In one embodiment, in addition to bot 2200 and origin 2300, the system may also include a third wireless device, e.g., another bot, configured to transmit an additional disparate wireless signal over an additional wireless multipath channel affected by the movement of objects within the location, and a fourth wireless device, e.g., another origin, having a different type from the third wireless device. The fourth wireless device may be configured to receive the additional disparate wireless signal over the additional wireless multipath channel affected by the movement of objects within the location and to obtain a time series of additional channel information (CI) for the additional wireless multipath channel based on the additional disparate wireless signal. The additional CI for the additional wireless multipath channel is associated with a different protocol or configuration than that associated with the CI for the wireless multipath channel. For example, the wireless multipath channel is associated with LTE and the additional wireless multipath channel is associated with Wi-Fi. In this case, optional motion detector 2322 or a motion detector external to origin 2300 is configured to detect motion of objects within the location based on both motion information associated with the first and second wireless devices and additional motion information associated with the third and fourth wireless devices calculated by at least one of the motion detector and the fourth wireless device based on a time series of additional CIs.

In some embodiments, the present disclosure describes how to qualify a wireless system to achieve wireless sensing and how to distribute IoT wireless sensing capabilities in a wireless mesh network (WMN).

One example of a wireless sensing system is one that utilizes WiFi channel state information (CSI), as WiFi is one of the most popular wireless technologies today. 802.11 sensing, or WiFi sensing, is the use of 802.11 signals to sense (e.g., detect) events/changes in the environment. This can be exploited using signal processing and machine learning.

In one embodiment, a wireless transmitter (Tx) transmits an 802.11 signal to a wireless receiver (Rx) within a multipath-rich venue. The 802.11 signal bounces back and forth within the venue, creating numerous multipaths. While undesirable for communication, the bouncing 802.11 signals effectively "scan" or "sense" the venue. By monitoring the multipaths (e.g., via CSI), the disclosed system can detect target events and changes within the venue. The disclosed motion detection method does not require line-of-sight (LOS) between the transmitter and receiver and can function in both LOS and non-LOS (NLOS) situations. In most cases, the transmitter and receiver do not need to be wearable devices. This provides new functionality for 802.11-enabled devices (e.g., TVs, speakers, routers, IoT devices) and facilities (stadiums, auditoriums, rooms, warehouses, factories) and new industry-wide business opportunities for all 802.11-related companies (parts/devices/services). The disclosed system does not require dedicated hardware.

Passive infrared (PIR) motion sensors only work in LOS scenarios and do not support machine learning. They require many (e.g., six) PIR sensors to cover an entire home. Video cameras based on motion sensing only work in LOS scenarios and are memory- and computationally intensive. Video surveillance or recording violates human privacy. In contrast, 802.11 sensing can work in both LOS and NLOS scenarios, requires only one transmitter and receiver pair to cover an entire home, can support machine learning, and has much lower memory and computational requirements compared to video cameras based on motion sensing. Furthermore, there is no privacy-violating video in 802.11 sensing.

802.11 sensing can be applied to many scenarios, such as intruder detection, security, motion detection for smart IoT, sleep monitoring, health, respiratory monitoring for care, smart factory, indoor GPS companion, location/tracking for traffic planning, elderly, accident detection, fall detection for care, smart car, child detection in hot cars to prevent accidents, conference room, convenience, presence/proximity detection for smart IoT, user identification, personalization, human identification for smart IoT, smart office, and gesture recognition for activity recognition for user interfaces. Many of these applications do not require wearable devices, can operate in contactless mode, and do not require video or LOS requirements.

802.11 sensing can create business opportunities for service providers, device manufacturers (e.g., manufacturers of smart home/IoT devices, consumer electronics, computing devices, home appliances, lighting, and accessories), and component providers. For example, the disclosed methods can enable a new wave of "802.11 sensing" services, firmware, software, and/or devices related to daily life, safety, lifestyle, convenience, personalization, care, digital health, and more, in traditional modes (e.g., broadband, mobile, streaming, cable) or new modes (e.g., smart device manufacturers).

Figure 24 shows exemplary performance of motion detection based on passive infrared (PIR) sensing and WiFi sensing, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. In a test house covered by six professionally installed PIRs and 802.11 Tx/Rx pairs, 802.11 motion sensing performs better than PIR in a long-term side-by-side comparison. As shown in Figure 24, PIR sensing and 802.11 sensing have similar false alarm rates, but 802.11 sensing has a better detection rate than PIR sensing.

In a multi-night side-by-side comparison with other respiratory sensors (pressure sensors, radar sensors, and PSG as ground truth), 802.11 respiratory monitoring (non-contact) outperforms pressure sensors and radar sensors in terms of stage (awake/REM/NREM) detection speed and median (abs) error. 802.11 tracking (tracking based on 802.11 signals) demonstrated high tracking accuracy in walking experiments along paths within buildings, with mean (abs) tracking error of less than 20-30 cm in NLOS operation.

Bounces of 802.11 signals create multipaths that effectively scan or sense the environment, including any object motion, events, and changes. The multipaths can be captured in channel state information (CSI). In 802.11 sensing, various signal processing/machine learning algorithms and systems may be applied to acquire and analyze CSI to accomplish various tasks related to motion/events/changes, such as motion detection by detecting changes in CSI, breathing detection by detecting periodic behavior in CSI, and localization through CSI recognition. Standardization may be required for systems regarding CSI generation, timing, accuracy, consistency, protocols, etc. Interfaces may also be standardized. Some 802.11 sensing demos use periodic probing/CSI generation at 1/10/100/1000 Hz, with a sounding overhead of less than 0.1% of the available data bandwidth at 10 Hz. Protocols may be determined to control the consistency, accuracy, and format of the CSI, as well as the generation of the CSI, repetition rate, timing accuracy, antenna selection for 802.11 sensing, and probing.

Using standardized wireless sensing, devices from different manufacturers and different service providers can communicate with each other to estimate CSI for wireless sensing at a location based on a certification process as described herein. A database of certified devices is maintained that includes devices that are already certified to estimate CSI and perform wireless sensing based on the CSI. Each certified device in the database has access to information related to other certified devices in the database.

In one example, if the wireless environment of a location becomes more complex, for example, because more people enter the location, a qualification test may be performed on new devices in the location to add more qualified devices to improve wireless sensing accuracy. The requirement test may be performed based on qualification criteria associated with the new device and one or more CSI samples obtained using a qualified device in the database. For example, if the CSI obtained from wireless signals transmitted between the new device and a qualified device is good or sufficiently better than a predetermined threshold, the new device is determined to be qualified. In another example, the new device is determined to be qualified when two CSIs obtained from wireless signals transmitted at two different times between the new device and a qualified device are sufficiently close, for example, when the similarity score between the two CSIs is greater than a first threshold or when the distance score between the two CSIs is less than a second threshold.

FIG. 25 shows a flowchart of an example method 2500 of a certified wireless sensing system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. At operation 2502, a wireless signal is transmitted by a Type 1 device through a wireless multipath channel at a location. At operation 2504, the wireless signal is received by a Type 2 device. At operation 2506, a time series of channel information (CI) of the wireless multipath channel is obtained based on the wireless signal. At operation 2508, a certification test is performed based on the TSCI for a device to be certified that is associated with the Type 1 or Type 2 device. At operation 2510, when the certification criteria are met, the device to be certified is determined to be a certified device. At operation 2512, a task is performed based on the TSCI using the certified device. The device to be certified may be a previously or currently certified device that requires recertification. For example, a certified device may be recertified (1) after a power-off cycle, or (2) after any wireless network disruption/failure/traffic condition/jam occurs, or (3) after an Internet disruption/failure/traffic condition/jam occurs, or (4) upon receiving a request/command/control from a device (such as some Type 1 devices, some Type 2 devices, some devices at a location, some servers, or some user devices), or (5) periodically, regularly, sporadically, irregularly, upon request, or upon any condition, or (6) upon a task change (e.g., task start, task end, new task, multiple simultaneous tasks, task modification, arbitrary event, time event, scheduled event, planned event, timeout). Multiple devices to be given certification may be certified simultaneously, simultaneously, independently, dependently, cooperatively, individually, or jointly.

At operation 2514, the device to be certified is registered as a certified device for the task associated with the test or standard. At operation 2516, a database of certified devices is updated with the certified device, location, or task. At operation 2518, additional TSCI is obtained through signaling between the certified device and additional certified devices. At operation 2520, the signaling is configured according to a protocol, standard, or signaling requirement. At operation 2522, information about the certified device is obtained from the database using a query by the additional certified device. At operation 2524, another task is performed based on the additional TSCI using the certified device or the additional certified device. The order of the operations in FIG. 25 may be changed in various embodiments of the present disclosure.

If the CSI meets the criteria, the device may be "certified." A certified wireless system may be a standards-compliant wireless system or a system that operates in a manner defined by a standard. For example, a Type 2 device is certified (e.g., complies with a standard or meets the requirements of a standard such as Wi-Fi, 4G/5G/6G/7G/8G) if the first CI and second CI are "close" to each other when there is no change in location (e.g., no object movement). A Type 1 device may be a transmitter (Tx, or "bot"). A Type 2 device may be a receiver (Rx, or "origin"). A Type 1 device may be a Type 2 device, or vice versa.

The following numbered sections provide examples for configuring a wireless monitoring system by selecting and/or setting a system state from several allowable system states.

Item 1. A method of configuring a wireless monitoring system, comprising: transmitting a wireless signal from a type 1 disparate wireless device through a wireless multipath channel at a location; receiving a wireless signal from a type 2 disparate wireless device through the wireless multipath channel, the received wireless signal differing from the transmitted wireless signal due to the wireless multipath channel at the location and modulation of the wireless signal by an object moving within the location; using a processor, memory, and a set of instructions, obtaining a set of channel information (CI) for the wireless multipath channel based on the received wireless signal; performing a monitoring task by monitoring the object and its movement based on the set of CI; and determining several allowable system states of the wireless monitoring system, wherein each allowable system state is determined based on the wireless signal, signaling within the wireless signal, a series of sounding signals within the wireless signal, timing of the sounding signals within the wireless signal, sounding of the sounding signals, and the like. determining whether a setting is associated with at least one of the following: a radio frequency, a frame type of the radio signal, a field of the frame type of the radio signal, generation of the radio signal by the Type 1 device, transmission of the radio signal by the Type 1 device, reception of the radio signal by the Type 2 device, processing of the radio signal by the Type 2 device, coordination of the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device with respect to the transmission of the radio signal, coordination with other devices with respect to the transmission of the radio signal, the set of CIs, obtaining the set of CIs for the wireless multipath channel based on the received radio signal, the monitoring task for the object, customizing the monitoring task, operation of the monitoring task, and operation for monitoring the object based on the CI; selecting a system state based on the monitoring task to be one of the allowable system states; and configuring the wireless monitoring system by applying the setting associated with the selected allowable system state to the wireless monitoring system.

Item 2. A method for configuring a wireless monitoring system according to item 1, further comprising automatically selecting the selected acceptable system state based on at least one of negotiation, handshake, and coordination between at least two of a Type 1 device, a Type 2 device, a server, another Type 1 device, or another Type 2 device; at least one of monitoring task constraints, requirements, and conditions; at least one of commands, requirements, coordination, and server plans; test procedures; or optimization criteria.

Item 3. A method for configuring a wireless monitoring system as described in Item 1, further comprising: performing a test procedure associated with a monitoring task; transmitting a test wireless signal from a test type 1 heterogeneous wireless device via a test wireless multipath channel at a test location; receiving the test wireless signal at a test type 2 heterogeneous wireless device via the test wireless multipath channel, the received test wireless signal differing from the transmitted test wireless signal due to the test wireless multipath channel at the test location and modulation of the test wireless signal by a test object performing a test movement at the test location; obtaining test channel information (CI) for the test wireless multipath channel based on the received test wireless signal using a test processor, test memory, and a set of testing instructions; performing a test procedure by monitoring the test object and the test movement of the test object based on the set of test CIs; and automatically selecting a system state that is a selected allowable system state based on the test procedure.

Item 4. A method of configuring a wireless monitoring system according to Item 3, wherein the test type 1 devices include at least one of the type 1 device, another type 1 device, the type 2 device, another type 2 device, and another wireless device, the test type 2 devices include at least one of the type 1 device, another type 1 device, the type 2 device, another type 2 device, and another type 2 device, and the test location includes the location, the location under test conditions, the location under at least one candidate operating condition, the location under at least one candidate manifestation, and at least one candidate manifestation. the location includes at least one of the locations in a representation of at least one target monitored in a monitoring task, the location not including an object, the location having at least one of the object or a test object similar to the object, the location having the object or test object in a representation of at least one target monitored in a monitoring task, and the location having the object or test object performing the movement of at least one target monitored in the monitoring task; and the method further includes: placing a test Type 1 device at at least one candidate position within the test location, one of the candidate positions being the position of the Type 1 device; placing a test Type 2 device at at least one candidate position within the test location, one of the candidate positions being the position of the Type 1 device; placing the test Type 1 device in at least one candidate direction within the test location, one of the candidate directions being a direction of the Type 1 device; and placing the test Type 2 device in at least one candidate direction within the test location, one of the candidate directions being a direction of the Type 2 device.

Item 5. A method of configuring a wireless monitoring system according to Item 3, wherein the test objects include the object, the object that performs the movement, the object that performs at least one target movement to be monitored in a monitoring task, a test object similar to the object, a test object that has a similar radio footprint to the object, a test object that has a similar radio signature to the object, a test object that has a similar radio signature for CI to the object, a test object that has a similar CI to the object, a test object that has a similar physical appearance to the object, a test object that has a similar physical structure to the object, a test object that has similar moving parts to the object, a test object that can perform a movement similar to the object, a test object that performs the movement, and a test object that is monitored in a monitoring task. a test object performing at least one target movement, the test movement further including at least one of the movement of the object, a test movement similar to the movement of the object, a portion of the movement of the object, a partial test movement similar to the portion of the movement of the object, the movement of a portion of the object, a partial test movement similar to the movement of the portion of the object, the movement of a movable part of the object, a test movement of at least one movable part similar to the movement of a corresponding movable part of the object, a portion of the movement of a movable part of the object, a partial test movement similar to the portion of the movement of a corresponding movable part, the movement of a movable part of a portion of the object, a test movement of at least one movable part similar to the movement of a corresponding movable part of the object, and a target movement monitored in a monitoring task.

Item 6. A method for configuring a wireless monitoring system according to item 3, wherein the test wireless signals further include at least one candidate wireless signal, one of the candidate wireless signals being the wireless signal, each candidate wireless signal being associated with at least one of the following: at least one transmitting antenna, at least one receiving antenna, carrier frequency, modulation, signal constellation, signal bandwidth, frequency band, frequency aggregation, frequency hopping, signaling, signal format, protocol, standard, sequence of sounding signals, sounding signal selection, sounding frequency, sounding rate, sounding duration, sounding timing, sounding timing regularity, management frame, control frame, data frame, management package, control packet, data packet, frame control field, frame field, frame header, and frame body.

Item 7. The method of configuring a wireless monitoring system described in Item 3, further comprising automatically selecting the system state to be the selected acceptable system state based on optimization criteria associated with the test procedure and monitoring of the test object based on the set of incident CI.

Item 8. A method of configuring a wireless monitoring system as described in Item 1, wherein the wireless signals include a series of sounding signals based on a protocol, and each allowable system state and its associated settings is related to at least one of the timing, progress, speed, sounding rate, sounding cadence, signal strength, signal modulation, carrier frequency, frequency band, frequency bandwidth, frequency hopping, transmit antenna, receive antenna, sounding signal selection, CI selection, monitoring functionality, functionality level, and functional parameters of at least one of a Type 1 device, a Type 2 device, coordination of Type 1 and Type 2 devices, the series of sounding signals, a set of CIs, and the monitoring of the object.

Item 9. A method for configuring the wireless monitoring system described in Item 1, applying a setting by configuring at least one of the Type 1 device, the Type 2 device, the other device, an integrated circuit (IC) of the Type 1 device, an IC of the Type 2 device, an IC of the other device, coordination between the Type 1 device and either the Type 2 device or the other device, a wireless signal, signaling in a wireless signal, a sounding signal of a wireless signal, timing or sounding frequency of a sounding signal, the transmission, the reception, generation or processing of the wireless signal based on the system state, the set of CIs, the acquisition of a set of CIs, and the monitoring of the object.

Item 10. A method for configuring a wireless monitoring system according to Item 9, further comprising indirectly configuring the Type 1 device by configuring the Type 2 device.

Item 11. A method for configuring the wireless monitoring system described in Item 10, wherein the wireless signals include a series of sounding signals in response to a series of trigger wireless signals from the Type 2 device based on a protocol, each sounding signal being a trigger response to a trigger signal from the Type 2 device based on a protocol, and configuring the series of trigger signals to be transmitted by the Type 2 device indirectly configures at least one of the transmission of a trigger response, a series of sounding signals, and a series of sounding signals from the Type 1 device.

Item 12. A method for a wireless monitoring system as described in Item 11, in which at least one of the timing, progression, rate, sounding rate, sounding cadence, signal strength, signal modulation, carrier frequency, frequency band, frequency bandwidth, frequency hopping, antenna and sounding signal selection of the series of sounding signals of the Type 1 device is indirectly configured by configuring at least one of the timing, sounding rate, sounding cadence, signal strength, signal modulation, carrier frequency, frequency band, frequency bandwidth, frequency hopping, antenna and sounding signal selection of the series of trigger signals transmitted by the Type 2 device.

Item 13. A method of configuring the wireless monitoring system of Item 9 to indirectly configure a Type 2 device by configuring a Type 1 device:

Item 14. A method of configuring the wireless monitoring system of Item 13, wherein the wireless signals include a series of sounding signals, and the method indirectly configures the Type 2 device, the extraction of the set of CIs from the received wireless signals, and at least one of the sets of CIs by configuring at least one of the timing, sounding rate, sounding cadence, signal strength, signal modulation, carrier frequency, frequency band, frequency bandwidth, frequency hopping, antenna, and sounding signal selection of the Type 1 device.

Clause 15. A method for configuring the wireless monitoring system described in Clause 1, further comprising at least one of changing the system state to another of the allowable system states or updating a setting associated with a particular allowable system state based on changes in at least one of the Type 1 device, the Type 2 device, the wireless signal, the signaling, the sounding signal, the timing, the sounding frequency, the frame type, the fields, the generation, the transmission, the reception, the processing, the adjustment, the set of CIs, the acquisition, the customization, the calculation, the wireless multipath channel, and the location.

Item 16. A method of configuring a wireless monitoring system according to Item 15, comprising: a finite state machine (FSM), a trigger for a state transition of the FSM, a criterion, an event, a condition, a schedule, a request, a requirement, optimization, a goal, an operation, discovery, a sensor reading, a state change, a trigger from another device, a timeout, timing, monitoring functionality, functionality requirements, computational requirements, memory requirements, sounding requirements, function settings, sensitivity settings, resolution settings, detection, recognition, monitoring, monitoring conditions, monitoring states, monitoring situations, monitoring amounts, shared resources, shared resource constraints, resource management, network congestion of the wireless multipath channel, interference with the wireless multipath channel, other sensors, other sensors of the Type 1 device, other sensors of the Type 2 device, power management, thermal management, computational management, memory management, power-on, power-off, power efficiency considerations, thermal considerations, The method further includes changing the system state based on at least one of network considerations, wireless multipath channel traffic considerations, usage considerations, user considerations, power saving, heat reduction, traffic congestion, traffic optimization, a new state of the monitoring task, a new phase of the monitoring task, a change in the monitoring task, a change in the object, an appearance of the object, a disappearance of the object, a change in the object's movement, a change in the location, a change in the wireless multipath channel, a change in the Type 1 device, a change in the Type 2 device, a status of the location, a status of the wireless multipath channel, a status of the Type 1 device, a status of the Type 2 device, a new movement of the object being monitored, a new monitoring task, or a new object being monitored.

Clause 17. A method of configuring a wireless monitoring system as described in Clause 15, wherein the wireless signals include a series of protocol-based sounding signals, and a sounding rate is associated with the series of sounding signals, further comprising: changing the system state to a first state associated with a normal sounding rate associated with a monitoring task; when the monitoring task becomes required, changing the system state to a second state associated with a sounding rate higher than the normal rate; and changing the system state to a third state associated with a sounding rate lower than the normal rate to conserve power.

Item 18. A method of configuring a wireless monitoring system as described in Item 15, further comprising: executing a first set of at least one monitoring task, where executing any of the monitoring tasks includes monitoring each object and corresponding movement of each of the objects based on the set of CI; selecting to place the system state in a first state based on the first set of monitoring tasks; executing a second set of at least one monitoring task rather than the first set of monitoring tasks; and changing the system state from the first state to a second state based on the second set of monitoring tasks.

Item 19. A method for configuring a wireless monitoring system as described in Item 18, wherein there are two or more monitoring tasks, including a default task and at least one on-demand task, and further comprising selecting the system state to a first state associated with a first setting associated with the default monitoring task, changing the system state to a second state associated with a second setting associated with an on-demand task, and changing the system state back to the first state after the on-demand task.

Item 20. A method of configuring a wireless monitoring system, comprising: transmitting a wireless signal from a Type 1 disparate wireless device through a wireless multipath channel of a location; receiving the wireless signal through the wireless multipath channel by a Type 2 disparate wireless device, wherein the received wireless signal differs from the transmitted wireless signal due to the wireless multipath channel of the location and modulation of the wireless signal by an object moving within the location; using a processor, memory, and a set of instructions, obtaining a set of channel information (CI) for the wireless multipath channel based on the received wireless signal; performing a monitoring task by monitoring the object and the object's movement based on the set of CI; and configuring an allowable system state of the wireless monitoring system, each allowable system state being associated with a respective configuration. determining several allowable system states; automatically selecting a system state to be one of the allowable system states based on the monitoring task; and applying the settings associated with the selected allowable system state to at least one of the Type 1 device, the Type 2 device, another Type 1 device, another Type 2 device, a server, a user device, an integrated circuit (IC) of a device, coordination between at least two devices, the wireless signal, signaling in the wireless signal, a set of sounding signals in the wireless signal, timing or sounding frequency of the sounding signal, the transmission, receiving, generating or processing the wireless signal based on the system state, the set of CIs, obtaining the set of CIs, and the monitoring of the object.

Item 21. A method for configuring the wireless monitoring system described in Item 20, wherein the system state is automatically selected to be the selected acceptable system state based on at least one of negotiation, handshake, coordination between at least two of the Type 1 device, the Type 2 device, a server, other Type 1 devices, or other Type 2 devices, at least one of the constraints, requirements, and status of the monitoring task, at least one of commands, requirements, coordination, and server plans, test procedures, or optimization criteria.

Item 22. A method of configuring a wireless monitoring system as described in Item 20, comprising: executing a test procedure associated with a monitoring task; transmitting a test wireless signal from a test type 1 disparate wireless device over a test wireless multipath channel at a test location; receiving the test wireless signal at a test type 2 disparate wireless device over the test wireless multipath channel, the received test wireless signal differing from the transmitted test wireless signal due to the test wireless multipath channel at the test location and modulation of the test wireless signal by a test object performing a test movement at the test location; obtaining, using a test processor, test memory, and a set of test instructions, a set of test channel information (CI) for the test wireless multipath channel based on the received test wireless signal; executing the test procedure by monitoring the test object and its test movement based on the set of test CIs; and selecting the system state to automatically become the selected permissible system state based on the test procedure and an associated optimization criterion.

Clause 23. A method of configuring a wireless monitoring system as described in clause 20, wherein the wireless signals include a series of protocol-based sounding signals and a sounding rate associated with the series of sounding signals, the method including at least one of changing the system state to a first state associated with a normal sounding rate associated with the monitoring task, changing the system state to a second state associated with a sounding rate higher than the normal rate when required by the monitoring task, or changing the system state to a third state associated with a sounding rate lower than the normal rate to conserve power.

Clause 24. A method of configuring a wireless monitoring system as described in clause 20, further comprising: executing a first set of at least one monitoring task, where executing any monitoring task includes monitoring each object and the corresponding movement of the each object based on the set of CI; selecting to set the system state to a first state based on the first set of monitoring tasks; executing a second set of at least one monitoring task rather than the first set of monitoring tasks; and changing the system state from the first state to a second state based on the second set of monitoring tasks.

Item 25. A type 1 heterogeneous wireless device configured to transmit a wireless signal through a wireless multipath channel of a location, and a type 2 heterogeneous wireless device configured to use a processor, memory, and a set of instructions, the set of instructions including: receiving the wireless signal through the wireless multipath channel, the received wireless signal being different from the transmitted wireless signal due to the wireless multipath channel of the location and modulation of the wireless signal by an object moving within the location; obtaining a set of channel information (CI) for the wireless multipath channel based on the received wireless signal; and determining whether the object and the object's movement are modulated. and performing a monitoring task by monitoring the wireless monitoring system based on the set of CIs, wherein several allowable system states of the wireless monitoring system are determined, each allowable system state including the wireless signal, signaling within the wireless signal, a sequence of sounding signals within the wireless signal, timing of the sounding signals within the wireless signal, a sounding frequency of the sounding signal, a frame type of the wireless signal, a frame type field of the wireless signal, generation of the wireless signal by the Type 1 device, transmission of the wireless signal by the Type 1 device, reception of the wireless signal by the Type 2 device, and reception of the wireless signal by the Type 2 device. and a wireless monitoring system for monitoring the object based on the CI, wherein a system state is selected as one of the allowable system states based on the monitoring task, and the wireless monitoring system selects one of the allowable system states based on the monitoring task, and the wireless monitoring system selects one of the allowable system states based on the selected allowable system state. A wireless monitoring system configured by applying a setting related to a system state to at least one of the Type 1 device, the Type 2 device, another Type 1 device, another Type 2 device, a server, a user device, an integrated circuit (IC) of a device, coordination between at least two devices, the wireless signal, signaling in the wireless signal, a series of sounding signals in the wireless signal, timing or sounding frequency of a sounding signal, the transmission, reception, generation or processing of the wireless signal based on the system state, the set of CIs, the acquisition of the set of CIs, and the monitoring of the object.

Item 26. A wireless monitoring system according to Item 25, wherein the system state is selected to be a selected acceptable system state based on at least one of negotiation, handshake, coordination between at least two of a Type 1 device, a Type 2 device, a server, another Type 1 device, or another Type 2 device, at least one of constraints, requirements, and states of the monitoring task, and at least one of commands, requirements, coordination, and server plans, test procedures, or optimization criteria.

Item 27. The wireless monitoring system of item 25, wherein a test procedure is performed in association with a monitoring task, a test wireless signal is transmitted from a test type 1 heterogeneous wireless device via a test wireless multipath channel at a test location, the test wireless signal is received by a test type 2 heterogeneous wireless device via the test wireless multipath channel, the received test wireless signal differs from the transmitted test wireless signal by the test wireless multipath channel at the test location and modulation of the test wireless signal by a test object performing a test movement at the test location, a set of test channel information (CI) for the test wireless multipath channel is obtained based on the received test wireless signal using a test processor, test memory, and a set of test instructions, the test procedure is performed by monitoring the test object and the test movement of the test object based on the set of tests CI, and the system state is selected to be an acceptable system state selected based on the test procedure and an associated optimization criterion.

Item 28. A wireless monitoring system according to Item 25, wherein the system state includes a finite state machine (FSM), a trigger for a state transition of the FSM, a criterion, an event, a condition, a schedule, a request, a requirement, optimization, a goal, an action, discovery, a sensor reading, a state change, a trigger from another device, a timeout, timing, monitoring functionality, functionality requirements, computation requirements, memory requirements, sounding requirements, functionality settings, sensitivity settings, resolution settings, detection, recognition, monitoring, monitoring conditions, monitoring states, monitoring situations, monitoring amounts, shared resources, shared resource constraints, resource management, network congestion of a wireless multipath channel, interference of a wireless multipath channel, other sensors, other sensors of a Type 1 device, other sensors of a Type 2 device, power management, thermal management, computation management, memory management, power-on, power-off, power efficiency considerations, thermal considerations, network considerations, and traffic of the wireless multipath channel. a wireless monitoring system that changes to another one of the admission system states by applying a setting based on at least one of: traffic considerations, usage considerations, user considerations, power saving, heat reduction, traffic congestion, traffic optimization, a new state of the monitoring task, a new stage of the monitoring task, a change in the monitoring task, a change in the object, the appearance of the object, the disappearance of the object, a change in the movement of the object, a change in the location, a change in the wireless multipath channel, a change in the Type 1 device, a change in the Type 2 device, the status of the location, the status of the wireless multipath channel, the status of the Type 1 device, the status of the Type 2 device, a new movement of the object being monitored, a new monitoring task, or a new object being monitored.

Item 29. The wireless monitoring system of Item 25, wherein settings associated with a particular allowable system state are updated based on changes in at least one of the Type 1 device, the Type 2 device, the other Type 1 device, the other Type 2 device, the server, the user device, the IC, the coordination between the at least two devices, the wireless signal, the signaling, the sounding signal, the timing, the sounding frequency, the frame type, the field, at least one of the generation, transmission, reception, or processing of a wireless signal, the set of CIs, the acquisition, the customization, the calculation, the wireless multipath channel, and the location.

Item 30. A type 2 heterogeneous wireless device of a wireless monitoring system, comprising: a wireless receiver; a processor communicatively coupled to the wireless receiver; a memory communicatively coupled to the processor; and a set of instructions stored in the memory, which, when executed by the processor, causes the type 2 heterogeneous wireless device to receive a wireless signal over a wireless multipath channel of a location, the wireless signal being transmitted by a type 1 heterogeneous wireless device over the wireless multipath channel, the received wireless signal being different from a transmitted wireless signal due to the wireless multipath channel of the location and modulation of the wireless signal by an object moving within the location; and determining whether the wireless signal is a signal based on the received wireless signal. and performing a monitoring task by acquiring a set of channel information (CI) for a multipath channel and monitoring the object and the movement of the object based on the set of CI, wherein several allowable system states of the wireless monitoring system are determined, each allowable system state including the wireless signal, signaling within the wireless signal, a sequence of sounding signals within the wireless signal, timing of the sounding signals within the wireless signal, a sounding frequency of the sounding signal, a frame type of the wireless signal, a field of the frame type of the wireless signal, generation of the wireless signal by the Type 1 device, and generation of the wireless signal by the Type 1 device. a wireless monitoring system configured to monitor the object based on the CI; a system state selected as one of allowable system states based on the monitoring task; and a wireless monitoring system configured to monitor the object based on the CI; a system state selected as one of allowable system states based on the monitoring task; and a wireless monitoring system configured to monitor the object based on the CI; and a system state selected as one of allowable system states based on the monitoring task. and executing a monitoring task configured by applying a setting associated with the selected allowable system state to at least one of the Type 1 device, the Type 2 device, another Type 1 device, another Type 2 device, a server, a user device, an integrated circuit of a device, coordination between at least two devices, the wireless signal, signaling within the wireless signal, a series of sounding signals in the wireless signal, the timing or sounding frequency of the sounding signal, the transmission, receiving, generating, or processing the wireless signal based on the system state, the set of CIs, the acquisition of the set of CIs, and monitoring of the object.

Item 31. A method of configuring a wireless monitoring system, comprising: transmitting a wireless signal from a type 1 disparate wireless device through a wireless multipath channel of a location; receiving the wireless signal through the wireless multipath channel by a type 2 disparate wireless device, where the received wireless signal differs from the transmitted wireless signal due to modulation of the wireless signal by the wireless multipath channel of the location and an object within the location; obtaining a set of channel information (CI) for the wireless multipath channel based on the received wireless signal using a processor, a memory communicatively coupled to the processor, and a set of instructions stored in the memory; monitoring the object based on the set of CI; and estimating monitoring of the object in a reproducible manner by monitoring a mechanical substitute object in place of the object using the same system in the same manner.

Clause 32. A method of configuring the wireless monitoring system described in Clause 1, comprising: replacing the object with the mechanical replacement object by removing the object and placing a mechanical replacement object in the same position and in the same manner at the location; transmitting a second wireless signal from the type 1 disparate wireless device over the wireless multipath channel at the location; receiving the second wireless signal by the type 2 disparate wireless device over the wireless multipath channel, wherein the received second wireless signal differs from the transmitted second wireless signal due to the wireless multipath channel at the location and modulation of the second wireless signal by the replacement object within the location; obtaining a second set of channel information (CI) for the wireless multipath channel based on the received second wireless signal using the processor, the memory communicatively coupled to the processor, and a set of instructions stored in the memory; and monitoring the mechanical replacement object based on the second set of CI.

Item 33. A method for configuring a wireless monitoring system according to item 1 or 11, wherein the mechanical replacement object includes at least one of: a mechanical structure supporting a mechanical cover; a mechanical structure having a shape similar to that of the object; a mechanical structure having a surface similar to that of the object; a mechanical structure having a surface texture similar to that of the object; a mechanical structure having a reflective surface similar to that of the object; a mechanical structure having a skeleton similar to that of the object; a mechanical structure having a structure similar to that of the object; a mechanical structure having a cavity similar to that of the object; a mechanical cover having radio characteristics similar to that of the cover of the object; a mechanical cover for a structure having radio characteristics similar to that of a corresponding structure of the object; a mechanical cover for a surface having radio characteristics similar to that of a corresponding surface of the object; a mechanical cover for a skeleton having radio characteristics similar to that of a corresponding skeleton of the object; a mechanical cover for a cavity having radio characteristics similar to that of a corresponding cavity of the object; a mechanical cover for a surface of the mechanical replacement object for amplifying radio reflections; a movable mechanism capable of producing a movement similar to that of the object; a mechanical cover having radio characteristics similar to that of the object in each movement; a material having radio characteristics similar to that of the human body; and another radio characteristic.

Item 34. A method of configuring a wireless monitoring system according to item 1, wherein the object is a living object (e.g., a human, a pet), and the mechanical substitute object is a concrete anthropomorphic mannequin (SAM), a mechanical doll with a movable chest to mimic breathing, a mannequin with a cover having similar monitoring characteristics of the object in the wireless multipath channel, a mannequin with a cover having similar monitoring characteristics of the object in the wireless multipath channel for the set of CIs, a mannequin with a cover to mimic the radio characteristics of the object in the wireless multipath channel, a mannequin with a cover that mimics radio wave reflections of the object, a mannequin with a cover that mimics radio wave refractions of the object, a mannequin with a cover that mimics radio wave refractions of the object, a mannequin with a cover that mimics the radio wave reflections of the object, a mannequin with a cover that mimics radio wave refractions of the object, a mannequin with a cover that mimics the radio wave reflections of the object, a mannequin with a cover that mimics the ... reflections of the object a mannequin having a cover that mimics radio wave absorption of an object, a mannequin having a cover that mimics radio wave transmission through the object, a mannequin having a cover that mimics radio wave propagation through the object, a mannequin having a movable chest to mimic breathing, a mannequin having movable joints, a mannequin having movable limbs, a mannequin having a movable head, a mannequin having a movable mouth, a mannequin having movable hands, a mannequin having movable fingers, a mannequin having movable legs, a mannequin having movable feet, a mannequin having movable bones, a mannequin with movable muscles, a mannequin containing liquid, a robot capable of mimicking at least one of human movement, human gait, human gesture, animal movement, animal gait, animal gesture, and another mechanical imitation of the object.

Item 35. A method of configuring a wireless monitoring system as described in Item 1, wherein the mechanical replacement object includes at least one of a mechanical adult male, a mechanical adult female, a mechanical elderly adult, a mechanical adult with a strong build, a mechanical adult with a medium build, a mechanical adult with a small build, a mechanical boy, a mechanical girl, a mechanical baby, a mechanical limb, a mechanical hand, a mechanical arm, a mechanical leg, a mechanical foot, a mechanical torso, a mechanical head, a mechanical upper body, a mechanical lower body, a mechanical joint, a mechanical body, a mechanical animal, a mechanical pet, a mechanical cat, a mechanical dog, a mechanical vehicle, a mechanical vehicle replica, and another mechanical replica.

Item 36. A method of configuring a wireless monitoring system as described in Item 1, comprising calculating a transformation of the observation of the mechanical replacement object to estimate the observation of the object.

Item 37. A method of configuring a wireless monitoring system as described in Item 1, wherein the transformation is associated with at least one of a model, a material of the mechanical replacement object, and a property of the mechanical replacement object.

Clause 38. A method of configuring the wireless monitoring system described in clause 1, wherein the received wireless signals further differ from the transmitted wireless signals due to modulation of the wireless signals by movement of an object at the location, the method including monitoring the movement of the object based on the set of CIs, and estimating the monitoring of the movement of the object in a reproducible manner by using the same system to monitor similar movement of the mechanical replacement object in place of the movement of the object.

Item 39. A method of configuring a wireless monitoring system according to Item 1, comprising calculating a transformation from the observation of the movement of a mechanical replacement object to the observation of the movement of the object.

Clause 40. A method of configuring a wireless monitoring system as described in clause 1, wherein the transformation is associated with at least one of a model, a model of the location, a model of the object, a model of the mechanical replacement object, a model of the object's motion, a model of the mechanical replacement object's motion, a material of the mechanical replacement object, a property of the mechanical replacement object, a robotic feature of the mechanical replacement object, and a mechanical motion feature of the mechanical replacement object.

Item 41. A method for configuring a wireless monitoring system, the method including: transmitting a wireless signal from a type 1 disparate wireless device through a wireless multipath channel at a location; receiving the wireless signal through the wireless multipath channel by a type 2 disparate wireless device, wherein the received wireless signal differs from the transmitted wireless signal due to the wireless multipath channel at the location and modulation of the wireless signal by a substitute object at the location, the substitute object being a mechanical replacement for the object at the location; obtaining a set of channel information (CI) for the wireless multipath channel based on the received wireless signal using a processor, a memory communicatively coupled to the processor, and a set of instructions stored in the memory; and monitoring the substitute object in the location in a reproducible manner based on the set of CI, thereby estimating monitoring of the object by the wireless monitoring system.

Clause 42. A method of configuring the wireless monitoring system described in clause 7, wherein the received wireless signals further differ from the transmitted wireless signals due to modulation of the wireless signals by the object's movement within the location, the method comprising: estimating the monitoring of the object's movement by the wireless monitoring system by monitoring similar movement of the substitute object within the location in a reproducible manner based on the set of CIs; and estimating the monitoring of the object's movement in a reproducible manner by using the same system to monitor the same movement of the mechanical substitute object in place of the movement of the object.

Item 43. A method of configuring a wireless monitoring system according to item 4, wherein the test Type 1 devices include at least one of the Type 1 device, another Type 1 device, the Type 2 device, another Type 2 device, and another wireless device, and the test Type 2 devices include at least one of the Type 1 device, another Type 1 device, the Type 2 device, another Type 2 device, and another wireless device, and the method comprises: placing the test Type 1 devices at at least one candidate location within the test location, one of the candidate locations being a location of the Type 1 device; and placing the test Type 2 devices at at least one candidate location within the test location, one of the candidate locations being the location of the Type 1 device. and positioning the test Type 1 device in at least one candidate direction within the test location, one of the candidate directions being a direction of the Type 1 device, and positioning the test Type 2 device in at least one candidate direction within the test location, one of the candidate directions being a direction of the Type 2 device, and the test object is the object, a test object similar to the object, a test object having a radio footprint similar to the object, a test object having a radio signature similar to the object, a test object having a radio signature similar to the object with respect to the CI, a test object having a CI similar to the object. Object, test object with movable joints similar to the object, test object capable of performing the movements of the object, human, mannequin like a human, mannequin with a radio footprint similar to the human, mannequin with a radio signature similar to the human, mannequin with a radio signature similar to the human with respect to the CI, mannequin with a CI similar to the human, mannequin with movable joints similar to the human, mannequin capable of performing the movements of the human, part of the human, mannequin like a human, mannequin imitating the human, mannequin imitating a part of the human, mannequin with a radio footprint similar to the human, mannequin with a radio signature similar to the human and moving the test object like at least one of a test object having a motion behavior similar to that of the object, and a test object performing a motion similar to that of the object; and the test location includes at least one of a mannequin, a mannequin having a radio signature similar to that of the human, a mannequin having a radio signature similar to that of the human with respect to the CI, a mannequin having a CI similar to that of the human, a mannequin having a movable joint similar to that of the human, and a mannequin capable of performing the movements of the human; and moving the test object like at least one of a test object having a motion behavior similar to that of the object, and a test object performing a motion similar to that of the object; and the test location includes at least one of the location, the location in a test condition, the location in at least one candidate operating condition, a location in a representation of at least one candidate, and a representation of at least one candidate. The method includes at least one of the location in a candidate representation, the location without an object, the location with the object in at least one candidate representation, and the location with the test object similar to the object, wherein the test wireless signal includes at least one candidate wireless signal, one of the candidate wireless signals is a wireless signal, the test wireless multipath channel includes at least one of the wireless multipath channel or other acceptable wireless channels, and the test location includes the location or another location.

Paragraph P1. A method/system/software/device for a wireless monitoring system, comprising: transmitting a wireless signal from a Type 1 disparate wireless device through a wireless multipath channel of a location; receiving the wireless signal by a Type 2 disparate wireless device through the wireless multipath channel, wherein the received wireless signal differs from the transmitted wireless signal due to the wireless multipath channel of the location and modulation of the wireless signal by an object within the location; obtaining a set of channel information (CI) for the wireless multipath channel based on the received wireless signal using a processor, a memory communicatively coupled to the processor, and a set of instructions stored in the memory; and determining whether the object is receiving the CI based on the set of CI. a wireless monitoring system method/system/software/device that includes: monitoring the wireless signal; determining several allowable system states each associated with a respective system setting of at least one of the wireless signal, the transmission of the wireless signal by the Type 1 device, the reception of the wireless signal by the Type 2 device, the coordination of the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device involved in the transmission of the wireless signal, the set of CIs, the acquisition of the set of CIs for the wireless multipath channel, and the monitoring of the object; and applying the system settings associated with the allowable system states to the wireless monitoring system to set the system state of the wireless monitoring system to one of the allowable system states.

Item P2. The wireless monitoring system method/system/software/device described in Item P1 further includes applying the system settings by configuring at least one of the following based on the system settings: the Type 1 device, the Type 2 device, the coordination of the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device, the wireless signal, the transmission and reception of the wireless signal, the set of CI, the acquisition of the set of CI, and the monitoring of the object.

Item P3. The wireless monitoring system method/system/software/device described in Item P1, in which the Type 1 device is indirectly configured by configuring the Type 2 device.

Paragraph P4. The method/system/software/device for a wireless monitoring system described in paragraph P3, wherein the wireless signals include a series of sounding signals responsive to a series of trigger wireless signals from the Type 2 device based on a protocol, each sounding signal being a triggered response to a trigger signal from the Type 2 device based on the protocol, and wherein configuring the series of trigger signals to be transmitted by the Type 2 device indirectly configures at least one of the triggered responses, the series of sounding signals, and transmission of the series of sounding signals from the Type 1 device.

Item P5. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system of Item P4, wherein the method/system/software/device indirectly configures at least one of the timing, progression, sounding rate, sounding cadence, signal strength, signal modulation, carrier frequency, frequency band, frequency bandwidth, frequency hopping, antenna, and sounding signal selection of the series of sounding signals transmitted by the Type 1 device by configuring at least one of the timing, sounding rate, sounding cadence, signal strength, signal modulation, carrier frequency, frequency band, frequency bandwidth, frequency hopping, antenna, and sounding signal selection of the series of trigger signals transmitted by the Type 2 device.

Item P6. A method/system/software/device of a wireless monitoring system described in Item P1, indirectly configuring the Type 2 device by configuring the Type 1 device.

P7. A method/system/software/device for a wireless monitoring system according to paragraph P1, wherein the wireless signal includes a series of sounding signals, and wherein the method/system/software/device indirectly configures the Type 2 device, the extraction of the set of CIs from the received wireless signal, and at least one of the sets of CIs by configuring at least one of the timing, sounding rate, sounding cadence, signal strength, signal modulation, carrier frequency, frequency band, frequency bandwidth, frequency hopping, antenna, and selection of the sounding signals of the Type 1 device.

Paragraph P8. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in Paragraph P1, wherein the wireless signals include a series of sounding signals based on a protocol, and at least one of the allowable system states and system settings is related to at least one of the following functional parameters: timing, rate, sounding rate, sounding cadence, signal strength, signal modulation, carrier frequency, frequency band, frequency bandwidth, frequency hopping, transmit antenna, receive antenna, selection of sounding signal, selection of the CI, monitoring function, function level, the Type 1 device, the Type 2 device, cooperation between the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device, the series of sounding signals, the set of CIs, and the monitoring of the object.

Paragraph P9. The method/channel information/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in paragraph P1, wherein the set of CI includes at least one of channel state information (CSI), channel impulse response (CIR), channel frequency response (CFR), received signal strength indicator (RSSI), angle of arrival (AoA), time of arrival (ToF), and other channel information.

Item P10. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in Item P1, wherein the CI is associated with the transmitting antenna of the Type 1 device and the receiving antenna of the Type 2 device.

Paragraph P11. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in paragraph P1, further comprising changing the system state to another acceptable system state by applying a system setting associated with the other acceptable system state to the wireless monitoring system.

Item P12. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in paragraph P11 changes the system state based on at least one of: a finite state machine (FSM), a trigger for a state transition of the FSM, a criterion, an event, a condition, a schedule, a request, a requirement, optimization, a goal, an action, discovery, a sensor reading, a state change, a trigger from another device, a timeout, timing, monitoring functionality, a function requirement, a computation requirement, a memory requirement, a sounding requirement, a function setting, a sensitivity setting, a resolution setting, detection, recognition, monitoring, a monitoring condition, a monitoring state, a monitoring situation, a monitoring amount, a shared resource, a shared resource constraint, resource management, network congestion of the wireless multipath channel, interference with the wireless multipath channel, another sensor, another sensor in the type 1 device, another sensor in the type 2 device, power management, thermal management, computation management, memory management, power on, power off, power efficiency considerations, thermal considerations, network considerations, traffic considerations of the wireless multipath channel, usage considerations, user considerations, power saving, thermal reduction, traffic congestion, traffic optimization, and another trigger.

Paragraph P13. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in Paragraph P1, wherein the wireless signal includes a series of sounding signals based on a protocol, and the method/system/software/device changes at least one of the timing, progression, rate, sounding rate, sounding rhythm, signal strength, signal modulation, carrier frequency, frequency band, frequency bandwidth, frequency hopping, transmitting antenna, receiving antenna, selection of the sounding signal, selection of the CI, monitoring functionality, function level, the Type 1 device, the Type 2 device, cooperation between the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device, the series of sounding signals, the set of CIs, and monitoring of the object by changing at least one of the system state and the system settings.

Paragraph P14. The method/system/software/device of a wireless monitoring system described in paragraph P1, wherein the wireless signals include a series of protocol-based sounding signals, and a sounding rate is associated with the series of sounding signals, further comprising: changing the system state to a first state associated with a normal sounding rate associated with the monitoring of the object; changing the system state to a second state associated with a sounding rate higher than the normal rate when the monitoring of the object becomes required; and changing the system state to a third state associated with a sounding rate lower than the normal rate to conserve power.

Paragraph P15. The method/verification/software/device of the wireless monitoring system according to paragraph P1, comprising object detection, presence detection, proximity detection, object recognition, activity recognition, object verification, object counting, daily activity monitoring, health monitoring, vital signs monitoring, health condition monitoring, infant monitoring, elderly monitoring, sleep monitoring, sleep stage monitoring, gait monitoring, exercise monitoring, tool detection, tool recognition, tool verification, patient detection, patient monitoring, patient verification, machine detection, machine recognition, machine verification, human detection, human recognition, human verification, infant detection, infant recognition, infant verification, and respiration tracking. trace, human breathing detection, human breathing recognition, human breathing estimation, breathing detection, breathing tracking, human breathing verification, human heart rate detection, human heart rate recognition, human heart rate estimation, human heart rate verification, fall detection, fall recognition, fall estimation, fall verification, emotion detection, emotion recognition, emotion estimation, emotion verification, motion detection, motion degree estimation, motion recognition, motion estimation, motion verification, motion classification, periodic motion detection, periodic motion recognition, periodic motion estimation, periodic motion verification, repeated motion detection, repeated motion recognition, repeated motion estimation, repeated motion verification, still motion detection, still motion recognition, still motion estimation, still motion verification, cyclostationary motion detection, cyclostationary motion recognition, cyclostationary motion estimation, cyclostationary motion verification, transient motion detection, transient motion recognition, transient motion estimation, transient motion verification, trend detection, trend recognition, trend estimation, trend verification, breathing detection, breathing recognition, breathing estimation, breathing estimation, human liveness detection, human liveness recognition, human liveness estimation, human liveness verification, environmental informatics detection, environmental informatics recognition, environmental informatics estimation, environmental informatics verification, gait detection, gait recognition, gait estimation, gait verification, gesture detection, gesture recognition, gesture estimation, gesture verification, machine learning, supervised learning, unsupervised learning, semi-supervised learning, clustering, feature extraction, feature training, principal component analysis, eigendecomposition, frequency decomposition, time decomposition, time-frequency decomposition, functional decomposition, other decomposition, training, discriminative training, supervised training, unsupervised training, semi-supervised training, neural networks, sudden motion detection, fall detection, hazard detection, life-threatening detection, periodic motion detection, stationary motion detection, cyclostationary motion detection, intrusion detection, suspicious motion detection,
The method/system/software/device has at least one monitoring task including at least one of the following: security, safety monitoring, navigation, guidance, map-based processing, map-based correction, model-based processing/correction, bump detection, positioning, motion localization, indoor sensing, tracking, multiple object tracking, indoor tracking, indoor positioning, indoor navigation, energy management, power transmission, wireless power transmission, object counting, vehicle tracking in a parking garage, activation of a device or system (e.g., security system, access system, alarm, siren, speaker, television, entertainment system, camera, heating/air conditioning (HVAC) system, ventilation system, lighting system, gaming system, coffee machine, cooking device, cleaning device, housekeeping device), shape estimation, augmented reality, wireless communication, data communication, signal broadcasting, networking, coordination, management, encryption, protection, cloud computing, other processes and/or other operations.

Item P16. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in Item 14, further comprising: having at least one monitoring task; and changing the system state to a state associated with a system setting associated with one of the monitoring tasks.

Item P17. The wireless monitoring system method/system/software/device described in Item P14, wherein at least one monitoring task is present and further includes changing the system state to a state associated with a system setting associated with at least one monitoring task from among motion detection, presence detection, home monitoring, public space monitoring, periodic motion monitoring, transient motion monitoring, respiration monitoring, heart rate monitoring, vital sign monitoring, counting, health status monitoring, sleep monitoring, daily activity monitoring, apnea detection, medical condition detection, fall detection, speed measurement, gait recognition task, motion recognition task, wireless biometric task, security event detection, suspicious event detection, intruder detection, localization, tracking, navigation, motion localization, distance estimation, angle estimation, material determination, object determination, presence detection of children in a vehicle, driver recognition, driver drowsiness detection, radio frequency imaging, posture recognition, keystroke recognition, handwriting recognition, and another task.

P18. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in paragraph P1, wherein there are multiple monitoring tasks, each comprising a default task and at least one on-demand task, and further comprising: setting the system state to a first state associated with a first setting associated with the default monitoring task; changing the system state to a second state associated with a second setting associated with an on-demand task; and returning the system state to the first state after the on-demand task.

Paragraph P19. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in Paragraph P1, further comprising: two or more monitoring states associated with monitoring the object based on the set of CSI; and setting the system state based on the monitoring states.

P20. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in paragraph 16, further comprising setting the system state based on the current monitoring state and changing the system state to a second state associated with the new monitoring state.

Paragraph P21. A method/system/software/device for a wireless monitoring system, comprising: transmitting a wireless signal from a Type 1 disparate wireless device over a wireless multipath channel of a location; receiving the wireless signal by a Type 2 disparate wireless device over the wireless multipath channel, where the received wireless signal differs from the transmitted wireless signal due to the wireless multipath channel of the location and modulation of the wireless signal by an object within the location; obtaining, using a processor, a memory communicatively coupled to the processor, and a set of instructions stored in the memory, a set of channel information (CI) for the wireless multipath channel based on the received wireless signal; monitoring the object based on the set of CI; and estimating the monitoring of the object in a reproducible manner by monitoring a mechanical substitute object in place of the object using the same system in the same manner.

Item P22. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in Item P1, comprising: replacing the object with the mechanical replacement object by removing the object and placing the mechanical replacement object in the same location and in the same manner within the location; transmitting a second wireless signal from the Type 1 disparate wireless device through the wireless multipath channel of the location; receiving the second wireless signal by the Type 2 disparate wireless device through the wireless multipath channel, where the received second wireless signal differs from the transmitted second wireless signal due to modulation of the second wireless signal by the wireless multipath channel of the location and the replacement object within the location; obtaining a set of second channel information (CI) for the wireless multipath channel based on the received second wireless signal using the processor, the memory communicatively coupled to the processor, and the set of instructions stored in the memory; and monitoring the mechanical replacement object based on the second set of CI.

Section P23. A method/system/software/device for a wireless monitoring system according to paragraph P1 or paragraph P11, wherein the mechanical replacement object includes at least one of: a mechanical structure supporting a mechanical cover; a mechanical structure having a shape similar to that of the object; a mechanical structure having a surface similar to that of the object; a mechanical structure having a surface texture similar to that of the object; a mechanical structure having a reflective surface similar to that of the object; a mechanical structure having a skeleton similar to that of the object; a mechanical structure having a structure similar to that of the object; a mechanical structure having a cavity similar to that of the object; a mechanical cover having radio characteristics similar to that of the cover of the object; a mechanical cover for a structure having radio characteristics similar to that of the corresponding structure of the object; a mechanical cover for a surface having radio characteristics similar to that of the corresponding surface of the object; a mechanical cover for a skeleton having radio characteristics similar to that of the corresponding skeleton of the object; a mechanical cover for a cavity having radio characteristics similar to that of the corresponding cavity of the object; a mechanical cover for a surface of the mechanical replacement object that amplifies radio reflections; a movable mechanism capable of movement similar to that of the object; a mechanical cover having radio characteristics similar to that of the object in each movement; a material having radio characteristics similar to that of the human body; and another radio characteristic.

Paragraph P24. The object is a living object (e.g., a human, a pet), and the mechanical replacement object is a concrete anthropomorphic mannequin (SAM), a mechanical doll with a movable chest to mimic breathing, a mannequin with a cover having similar monitoring characteristics of the object in the wireless multipath channel, a mannequin with a cover having similar monitoring characteristics of the object in the wireless multipath channel for the set of CIs, a mannequin with a cover to mimic the radio characteristics of the object in the wireless multipath channel, a mannequin with a cover to mimic the radio reflection of the object, a mannequin with a cover to mimic the radio refraction of the object, a mannequin with a cover to mimic the radio absorption of the object ... The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in paragraph P1 includes at least one of: a mannequin with a cover to mimic radio transmissions passing through the object; a mannequin with a cover to mimic radio propagation through the object; a mannequin with a movable chest to mimic breathing; a mannequin with movable joints; a mannequin with movable limbs; a mannequin with a movable head; a mannequin with a movable mouth; a mannequin with movable hands; a mannequin with movable fingers; a mannequin with movable legs; a mannequin with movable feet; a mannequin with movable bones; a mannequin with movable muscles; a mannequin containing liquid; a robot capable of mimicking at least one of human movement, human gait, human gesture, animal movement, animal gait, animal gesture, and another mechanical imitation of the object.

Paragraph P25. A medium, method, system, software, or device for a wireless monitoring system according to paragraph P1, wherein the mechanical replacement object includes at least one of a mechanical adult male, a mechanical adult female, a mechanical elderly adult, a mechanical adult with a strong build, a mechanical adult with a medium build, a mechanical adult with a small build, a mechanical boy, a mechanical girl, a mechanical baby, a mechanical limb, a mechanical hand, a mechanical arm, a mechanical leg, a mechanical foot, a mechanical torso, a mechanical head, a mechanical upper body, a mechanical lower body, a mechanical joint, a mechanical body, a mechanical animal, a mechanical pet, a mechanical cat, a mechanical dog, a mechanical vehicle, a mechanical vehicle replica, and another mechanical replica.

Item P26. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in Item P1, comprising calculating a transformation of the observation of the mechanical replacement object to estimate the observation of the object.

P27. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in paragraph P1, wherein the transformation relates to at least one of a model, a material of the mechanical replacement object, and a property of the mechanical replacement object.

P28. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in paragraph P1, wherein the received wireless signal further differs from the transmitted wireless signal due to modulation of the wireless signal by movement of an object within the location, and the method/system/software/device includes monitoring the movement of the object based on the set of CIs, and reproducibly estimating the monitoring of the object movement by using the same system to monitor similar movement of the mechanical replacement object instead of the movement of the object.

Item P29. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in Item P1, comprising calculating a transformation from the observation of the movement of a mechanical replacement object to the observation of the movement of the object.

Item P30. The method/object/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in Item P1, wherein the transformation is associated with at least one of the following: a model, a model of the location, a model of the object, a model of the mechanical replacement object, a model of the object's motion, a motion model of the mechanical replacement object, a material of the mechanical replacement object, a property of the mechanical replacement object, a robotic feature of the mechanical replacement object, or a mechanical motion feature of the mechanical replacement object.

Paragraph P31. A method/system/software/device for a wireless monitoring system, comprising: transmitting a wireless signal from a type 1 disparate wireless device through a wireless multipath channel at a location; receiving the wireless signal by a type 2 disparate wireless device through the wireless multipath channel, wherein the received wireless signal differs from the transmitted wireless signal due to the wireless multipath channel at the location and modulation of the wireless signal by a substitute object within the location; the substitute object being a mechanical substitute for an object at the location; obtaining a set of channel information (CI) for the wireless multipath channel based on the received wireless signal using a processor, a memory communicatively coupled to the processor, and a set of instructions stored in the memory; and monitoring the substitute object within the location in a reproducible manner based on the set of CI, thereby estimating monitoring of the object by the wireless monitoring system.

Paragraph P32. A method/location/software/device of a wireless monitoring system as described in Paragraph P7, wherein the received wireless signals further differ from the transmitted wireless signals due to modulation of the wireless signals by the object's movement within the location, and the method/location/software/device includes: estimating the monitoring of the object's movement by the wireless monitoring system by monitoring similar movement of the substitute object within the location in a reproducible manner based on the set of CIs; and estimating the monitoring of the object's movement in a reproducible manner by using the same system to monitor the same movement of the mechanical substitute object in place of the movement of the object.

The following numbered sections provide examples for positioning and powering a wireless monitoring system.

Section A1. A method of deploying and powering a wireless monitoring system, the method including: deploying and powering a type 1 disparate wireless device at a first location within a location; deploying and powering a type 2 disparate wireless device at a second location within the location; transmitting a wireless signal from the type 1 disparate wireless device over a wireless multipath channel of the location; receiving the wireless signal at the type 2 disparate wireless device over the wireless multipath channel, the received wireless signal differing from the transmitted wireless signal due to the wireless multipath channel of the location and modulation of the wireless signal by an object moving at the location; obtaining a set of channel information (CI) for the wireless multipath channel based on the received wireless signal using a processor, a memory communicatively coupled to the processor, and a set of instructions stored in the memory; and monitoring at least one of the object and the object's movement based on the set of CI.

Clause A2. A method of positioning and powering a wireless monitoring system as described in Clause A1, wherein the Type 1 device is part of a first target device at the first location and the Type 2 device is part of a second target device at the second location, and each of the first target device and the second target device includes at least one of a power supply unit, a power management unit, a power transfer unit, an energy storage unit, a power generation unit, and an energy harvesting unit, and the method further includes supplying power to each of the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device based on at least one of the respective power supply units, the respective power management units, the respective power transfer units, the respective energy storage units, the respective power generation units, and the respective energy harvesting units of the respective target devices.

Clause A3. The method of deploying and powering a wireless monitoring system described in Clause A2, further comprising: supplying power to one of the first and second target devices by a respective energy storage unit of the respective target device, the energy storage unit being rechargeable by at least one of a respective energy harvesting unit or an external power source; and charging the energy storage unit by the energy harvesting unit such that the target device does not need to frequently charge the energy storage unit by the external power source.

Item A4. A method of positioning and powering the wireless monitoring system of Item A3, wherein the respective locations of the target devices are not near the external power source, further comprising: removing the energy storage unit of the target device from the respective location; relocating the energy storage unit to a third location where the external power source is located; connecting the energy storage unit to the external power source using a connector; charging the energy storage unit with the external power source; and relocating the energy storage unit to the respective location.

Section A5. A method for positioning and powering a wireless monitoring system of paragraph A2, further comprising: positioning each of the Type 1 and Type 2 devices by fixing each target device in a respective position based on a respective connection mechanism, wherein each connection mechanism comprises at least one of a locking mechanism, a bayonet coupling, a threaded coupling, a push-pull coupling, a plug and socket coupling, a breakaway coupling, a push and press release coupling, a screw locked coupling, a push and push lock coupling, a magnetic coupling, an electromagnetic coupling, a detachment mechanism, a detachment mechanism, a link mechanism, a binding mechanism, a coupling, a connector, a mechanical holder, a suction mechanism, a sucker, a peg, a clip, a staple, a ring, a pin, a hook, a loop, a snap lock hook, a snap on hook, a bracket, a hanger, a mount, a chain, a track and trolley, a screw, a nut and screw, a nut and bolt, a hook and loop fastener (Velcro), a hook and loop fastener, an adhesive, a pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA), a self adhesive tape, a pressure sensitive adhesive tape, a double sided adhesive tape, a weight, a friction, a fastener, a dual lock fastener, a self-mating fastener, a reclosable fastener, and another attachment mechanism.

Clause A6. A method of positioning and powering the wireless monitoring system of Clause A5, wherein the respective connection mechanisms of the respective target devices are for attaching the respective target devices to at least one of a surface within a location, a smooth surface, a glass surface, a metal surface, a wood surface, a plastic surface, a tile surface, a hard surface, a soft surface, a rigid surface, a flexible surface, a resilient surface, a structure, a fixture, a window, a vehicle window, a vehicle side window, a vehicle rear window, a vehicle front window, a door, a vehicle door, a wall, a ceiling, a vehicle ceiling, furniture, a shelf, a cabinet, a table, a chair, a refrigerator, a light, an appliance, fixtures, an accessory, a peripheral device, a smart device, an IoT device, at least one matching connection mechanism within the location, at least one matching connection mechanism of another device within the location, and the location.

Item A7. The method for positioning and powering a wireless monitoring system described in Item A5, further comprising fixing each target device in its respective position by attaching the respective connection mechanism of each target device to the corresponding connection mechanism in the position.

Item A8. The method of positioning and powering a wireless monitoring system described in Item A7, further comprising securing the target device to the power outlet at each of the locations by inserting the target device's power plug into the power outlet.

Item A9. A method for deploying and powering a wireless monitoring system according to Item A8, further comprising powering the target device based on the power plug and the power outlet.

Item A10. A method of configuring and powering the wireless monitoring system of Item A2, further comprising transferring energy between two of the Type 1 device, the Type 2 device, any target device, any power supply unit, any power management unit, any power transfer unit, any energy storage unit, any power generation unit, any energy harvesting unit, an external power supply unit, an external power source, and a power receiving circuit.

Item A11. A method of deploying and powering a wireless monitoring system according to Item A10, further comprising transmitting the energy in at least one of a wired or wireless manner.

Clause A12. A method of deploying and powering a wireless monitoring system as described in clause A10, further comprising supplying energy from at least one of the optional power generation unit, the optional power supply unit, the optional energy harvesting unit, the external power source, and the external power supply unit to at least one of the optional power supply unit, the optional power management unit, the optional power transfer unit, the optional energy storage unit, and the external power receiving circuit.

Clause A13. A method of deploying and powering a wireless monitoring system according to clause A10, further comprising charging an energy storage unit using energy from at least one of the power generation unit, the energy harvesting unit, and an external power source.

Clause A14. The method of deploying and powering a wireless monitoring system described in Clause A13, further comprising charging an energy storage unit based on at least one of a plan, strategy, timetable, event, trigger, condition, status, state, stage, charge rate, remaining charge, protection mechanism associated with the energy storage unit, status associated with the location, the set of CIs, analysis of the set of CIs, monitoring of the object with the set of CIs, monitoring of movement of the object based on the set of CIs, movement of the target device, inactivity status of the target device, active status of the target device, tasks performed by the target device, movement at the location, inactivity status at the location, active status of the location, and tasks associated with the location.

Clause A15. The method of deploying and powering a wireless monitoring system described in Clause A13 further includes at least one of: charging the energy storage unit using energy from at least one of the power generation unit and the energy harvesting unit in a first charging mode; charging the energy storage unit using energy from at least one of the power supply unit, the power management unit, the power transfer unit, the external power supply unit, and an external power source in a second charging mode; or charging the energy storage unit using energy from at least one of the power generation unit and the energy harvesting unit and energy from at least one of the power supply unit, the power management unit, the power transfer unit, the external power supply unit, and the external power source in a third charging mode.

Clause A16. A method of positioning and powering a wireless monitoring system as described in clause A1, further comprising determining the first and second locations within a location for placing the first and second target devices, respectively, based on criteria.

Clause A17. The method of locating and powering a location described in Clause A16, further comprising determining, based on separate criteria, a first relative position of the Type 1 device relative to the first target device at a first location within the location, and a second relative position of the Type 2 device relative to the second target device at a second location within the location.

Clause A18. A method of deploying and powering a wireless monitoring system according to Clause A17, wherein at least one of the criteria or another criteria is based on at least one of: signal strength of a wireless signal; characteristics of a wireless signal; wireless connectivity between Type 1 devices and Type 2 devices; spatial relationships between Type 1 devices and Type 2 devices; characteristics of the wireless multipath channel; characteristics of the set of CIs; monitoring of at least one of the object and the object's movement based on the set of CIs; effectiveness of the monitoring; spatial considerations related to the monitoring; coverage considerations related to the monitoring and the location; effectiveness of at least one of the power generation unit and the energy harvesting unit; availability of light for recharging a battery with a solar panel; environmental factors related to use of an energy harvesting unit to harvest energy from the environment within the location to charge an energy storage unit; availability and suitability of surfaces within the location for mounting a target device using the target device's mounting mechanism; ease of mounting the target device; ease of removing the target device to charge an energy storage unit; and another consideration.

Paragraph A19. A method of deploying and powering the wireless monitoring system described in Paragraph A16, comprising: performing a test procedure related to monitoring at least one of the object and object movement based on the set of CI; deploying a test type 1 heterogeneous wireless device at at least one candidate first location within a test location; deploying a test type 2 heterogeneous wireless device at at least one candidate second location within the test location; transmitting a test wireless signal from the test type 1 device via a test wireless multipath channel of the test location; and receiving the test wireless signal by the test type 2 device via the test wireless multipath channel, wherein the received test wireless signal is transmitted to the test wireless multipath channel of the test location. receiving a test wireless signal different from the transmitted test wireless signal by a test channel and modulating the test wireless signal by a test object performing a test movement at the test location; obtaining a set of test channel information (CI) for the test wireless multipath channel based on the received test wireless signal using a test processor, test memory, and a set of test instructions; performing the test procedure by monitoring the test object and the test movement of the test object based on the set of test CI; and selecting the first and second positions from among at least one respective candidate first position and one respective candidate second position as best positions with respect to the criterion based on the test procedure.

Paragraph A20. A method of positioning and powering a wireless monitoring system as described in paragraph A19, comprising determining a first relative positioning of a Type 1 device to a first target device at a first location within the location, and a second relative positioning of a Type 2 device to a second target device at a second location within the location, based on separate criteria and testing procedures.

Paragraph A21. The method of positioning and powering a wireless monitoring system of Paragraph A19 further includes the steps of: the test Type 1 devices include at least one of the Type 1 device, another Type 1 device, the Type 2 device, another Type 2 device, and another wireless device; the test Type 2 devices include at least one of the Type 1 device, another Type 1 device, the Type 2 device, another Type 2 device, and another wireless device; the test locations include the location, the location in a test condition, the location in at least one candidate operating condition, the location in at least one candidate representation, the location in at least one candidate representation, the location not including the object, the location having the object or a test object similar to the object, the location having the object or the test object in at least one target representation to be monitored in the monitoring task, and the The test object may include at least one of the object performing at least one target movement to be monitored in the monitoring task or the location having the test object, the test object being the object, the object performing the movement, the object performing at least one target movement to be monitored in the monitoring task, a test object similar to the object, a test object having a radio footprint similar to the object, a test object having a radio signature similar to the object, a test object having a radio signature similar to the object in terms of the CI, a test object having a CI similar to the object, a test object having a physical appearance similar to the object, a test object having a physical structure similar to the object, a test object having moving parts similar to the object, a test object similar to the object The monitoring task includes at least one of a test object capable of performing a similar motion, a test object performing the motion, and a test object performing at least one target motion to be monitored in the monitoring task, wherein the test motions include the motion of the object, a test motion similar to the motion of the object, a portion of the motion of the object, a partial test motion similar to the portion of the motion of the object, the motion of a part of the object, a partial test motion similar to the motion of the part of the object, the motion of a movable part of the object, a test motion of at least one movable part similar to the motion of a corresponding movable part of the object, a portion of the motion of a movable part of the object, a partial test motion similar to the portion of the motion of a corresponding movable part, and the motion of a movable part of the object, at least one movable part similar to the motion of a corresponding movable part of the part of the object. and a target movement monitored within the monitoring task; the test wireless signals include at least one of a test movement of a moving part of the target; and a target movement monitored within the monitoring task; the test wireless signals include at least one candidate wireless signal, one of the candidate wireless signals being the wireless signal; and each candidate wireless signal is associated with at least one of at least one transmit antenna, at least one receive antenna, carrier frequency, modulation, signal constellation, signal bandwidth, frequency band, frequency aggregation, frequency hopping, signaling, signal format, protocol, standard, sequence of sounding signals, sounding signal selection, sounding frequency, sounding rate, sounding duration, sounding timing, sounding timing regularity, management frame, control frame, data frame, management package, control packet, data packet, frame control field, field of frame, frame header, and frame body.

Clause A22. A method of deploying and powering a wireless monitoring system, comprising deploying a Type 1 heterogeneous wireless device at a first location within a location and a Type 2 heterogeneous wireless device at a second location within the location, wherein the Type 1 device is part of a first target device at the first location and the Type 2 device is part of a second target device at the second location; and wherein each of the first target device and the second target device includes at least one of a power supply unit, a power management unit, a power transfer unit, an energy storage unit, a power generation unit, and an energy harvesting unit, and wherein the respective power supply units, the respective power management units, the respective power transfer units, the respective energy storage units, the respective power generation units, and the respective energy harvesting units of the respective target devices. a processor, a memory communicatively coupled to the processor, and a set of instructions stored in the memory; and a method for monitoring at least one of the object and the object's movement based on the set of CI.

Clause A23. A method of deploying and powering the wireless monitoring system of clause A22, further comprising: powering the first and second target devices by their respective energy storage units, which can be charged by at least one of the respective energy harvesting units or an external power source; and charging the energy storage units by the energy harvesting units such that the target devices do not require frequent charging of the energy storage units by the external power source.

Item A24. A method of deploying and powering a wireless monitoring system as described in Item A22, comprising: determining first and second locations within the location for installing the first and second target devices, respectively, based on a criterion; performing a test procedure associated with the monitoring of at least one of the object and the object's movement based on the set of CIs; deploying a Type 1 heterogeneous wireless device at at least one candidate first location in the test location; deploying a Type 2 heterogeneous wireless device at at least one candidate second location in the test location; transmitting a test wireless signal from the test Type 1 device via a test wireless multipath channel of the test location; and receiving the test wireless signal by the test Type 2 device via the test wireless multipath channel. The method further includes receiving a test radio signal, where the received test radio signal differs from the transmitted test radio signal due to the test radio multipath channel at the test location and modulation of the test radio signal by a test object performing a test movement at the test location; using a test processor, test memory, and a set of test instructions to obtain a set of test channel information (CI) for the test radio multipath channel based on the received test radio signal; performing the test procedure by monitoring the test object and the test movement of the test object based on the set of test CI; and selecting the first and second positions from among at least one respective candidate first position and one respective candidate second position as best positions with respect to the criterion based on the test procedure.

Section A25. A method for positioning and powering a wireless monitoring system according to paragraph A22, comprising: positioning each of the Type 1 and Type 2 devices by fixing each of the target devices to a respective position based on a respective connection mechanism, wherein each of the connection mechanisms comprises at least one of a locking mechanism, a bayonet coupling, a threaded coupling, a push-pull coupling, a plug and socket coupling, a breakaway coupling, a push and press release coupling, a screw locked coupling, a push and push lock coupling, a magnetic coupling, an electromagnetic coupling, a detachable mechanism, a detachable mechanism, a link mechanism, a binding mechanism, a coupling, a connector, a mechanical holder, a suction mechanism, a sucker, a peg, a clip, a staple, a ring, a pin, a hook, a loop, a snap lock hook, a snap on hook, a bracket, a hanger, a mount, a chain, a track and trolley, a screw, a nut and screw, a nut and bolt, a hook and loop fastener, a Velcro, an adhesive, a pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA), a self adhesive tape, a pressure sensitive adhesive tape, a double sided adhesive tape, a pressure sensitive adhesive tape, a weight, friction, a fastener, a dual lock fastener, a self mating fastener, a reclosable fastener, and another attachment mechanism;
attaching the respective connection mechanism of the respective target device to a matching connection mechanism at the respective location.

Clause A26. A wireless monitoring system including a Type 1 heterogeneous wireless device disposed at a first location within a location, a Type 2 heterogeneous wireless device disposed at a second location within the location, a first target device at the first location including the Type 1 device, and a second target device at the second location including the Type 2 device, wherein each of the first target device and the second target device includes at least one of a power supply unit, a power management unit, a power transmission unit, an energy storage unit, a power generation unit, and an energy harvesting unit, and each of the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device includes the respective power supply unit, the respective power management unit, the respective power transmission unit, and the respective energy storage unit of the respective target device. , powered based on at least one of the respective power generation units and the respective energy harvesting units, the Type 1 device configured to transmit a wireless signal through a wireless multipath channel of the location, the Type 2 device configured to receive the wireless signal through the wireless multipath channel, the received wireless signal differing from the transmitted wireless signal due to the wireless multipath channel of the location and modulation of the wireless signal by an object moving at the location, a set of channel information (CI) for the wireless multipath channel being obtained based on the received wireless signal, and at least one of the object and the object's movement being monitored based on the set of CI.

Clause A27. The wireless monitoring system of clause A26, further comprising: powering one of the first and second target devices by the respective energy storage units of the respective target devices, the respective energy storage units being chargeable by at least one of the respective energy harvesting units or an external power source; and charging the energy storage units by the energy harvesting units so that the target devices do not require frequent charging of the energy storage units by the external power source.

Paragraph A28. A method of deploying and powering a wireless monitoring system as described in Paragraph A26, comprising: determining the first and second locations within the location for installing the Type 1 and Type 2 devices, respectively, based on a criterion; performing a test procedure related to monitoring at least one of the object and the object's movement based on the set of CIs; deploying a test Type 1 heterogeneous wireless device in at least one candidate first location at the test location; deploying a test Type 2 heterogeneous wireless device in at least one candidate second location at the test location; transmitting a test wireless signal from the test Type 1 device via a test wireless multipath channel at the test location; and receiving the test wireless signal by the test Type 2 device via the test wireless multipath channel. The method further includes receiving the received test radio signal, the received test radio signal differing from the transmitted test radio signal due to the test radio multipath channel at the test location and modulation of the test radio signal by a test object performing a test movement at the test location; using a test processor, test memory, and a set of test instructions to obtain a set of test channel information (CI) for the test radio multipath channel based on the received test radio signal; performing a test procedure by monitoring the test object and the test movement of the test object based on the set of test CI; and selecting the first and second positions from among the at least one respective candidate first position and each respective candidate second position as best positions with respect to a criterion based on the test procedure.

Item A29. A method of positioning and powering the wireless monitoring system described in Item A26, comprising positioning each of the Type 1 and Type 2 devices by fixing each of the target devices in a respective position based on a respective connection mechanism, wherein each connection mechanism is selected from the group consisting of a locking mechanism, a bayonet coupling, a screw coupling, a push-pull coupling, a plug-socket coupling, a breakaway coupling, a push-in and press-out coupling, a screw-locked coupling, a push-in and push-in lock coupling, a magnetic coupling, an electromagnetic coupling, an attachment/detachment mechanism, a detachment mechanism, a link mechanism, a binding mechanism, a coupling, a connector, a mechanical holder, a suction mechanism, a sucker, a peg, a clip, a staple, a ring, a pin, a hook, the method further includes arranging the respective connection mechanisms of the respective target devices to the corresponding connection mechanisms at the respective locations, the respective connection mechanisms comprising at least one of hooks, loops, snap lock hooks, snap-on hooks, brackets, hangers, mounts, chains, tracks and trolleys, screws, nuts and screws, nuts and bolts, hook and loop fasteners, velcro, adhesives, pressure sensitive adhesives (PSA), self-adhesive tapes, sticky tapes, double-sided sticky tapes, adhesive tapes, weights, friction, fasteners, dual lock fasteners, self-mating fasteners, reclosable fasteners, and another attachment mechanism; and attaching the respective connection mechanisms of the respective target devices to the corresponding connection mechanisms at the respective locations.

Clause A30. A type 2 heterogeneous wireless device of a wireless monitoring system including a wireless receiver, a processor communicatively coupled to the wireless receiver, a memory communicatively coupled to the processor, and a set of instructions stored in the memory, the set of instructions, when executed by the processor, causing the type 2 device to receive a wireless signal over a wireless multipath channel of a location, the wireless signal being transmitted from a type 1 heterogeneous wireless device of the wireless monitoring system located at a first location of the location, the type 2 device being located at a second location within the location, the type 1 device being part of a first target device of the system at the first location, and the type 2 device being part of a second target device of the system at the second location, a test procedure being performed to determine the first and second locations for installing the first and second target devices, respectively, based on a standard, and a power supply unit, a power management unit, a power transfer unit, an energy A Type 2 heterogeneous wireless device comprising at least one of a power storage unit, a power generation unit, and an energy harvesting unit, wherein each of the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device is powered based on at least one of the respective power supply unit, the respective power management unit, the respective power transfer unit, the respective energy storage unit, the respective power generation unit, and the respective energy harvesting unit of the respective target device, and each of the first and second target devices is powered based on its respective location, and the received wireless signal differs from a transmitted wireless signal due to the wireless multipath channel of the location and modulation of the wireless signal by an object moving within the location, and acquiring a set of channel information (CI) for the wireless multipath channel based on the received wireless signal, wherein at least one of the object and the object's movement is monitored based on the set of CI.

Item A31. A method of deploying and powering a wireless monitoring system according to Item A1, wherein the power comprises at least one of electrical energy, magnetic energy, chemical energy, mechanical energy, thermal/heat energy, wind energy, light energy, gravitational energy, potential energy, kinetic energy, or nuclear energy; the power supply unit comprises at least one of a battery, an automobile battery, regenerative braking, an AC power supply, a rectifier, a power converter/regulator, a transformer, a computer system power supply, or an electronic circuit power supply; the power management unit comprises at least one of a power rectifier, a power converter, a power regulator, a transformer, surge protection, voltage conversion, a voltage/current regulator, or a converter; and the power transfer unit comprises at least one of a cable, a wire, or a connector for wired power transfer and a magnetically coupled, electrically coupled, electromagnetically coupled, or wirelessly coupled power supply for wireless power transfer. and at least one of the following: the energy storage unit includes at least one of a battery, a rechargeable battery, a capacitor, an inductor, a flywheel, a fuel cell, or a thermal reservoir; the power generation unit includes at least one of a generator, an alternator, a solar panel, a regenerative brake, or a wind turbine; and the energy harvesting unit includes at least one of a generator, an alternator, a solar panel, a regenerative brake, a wind turbine, a converter that converts light energy into electrical energy, a converter that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, a converter that converts thermal energy into electrical energy, a converter that converts another form of energy into electrical energy, or a conversion subsystem that converts another form of energy into electrical energy.

Item A32. A method of positioning and powering the wireless monitoring system of Item A2, further comprising powering each of the first and second target devices based on at least one of the following respective locations: fixed, flexible, relocatable, near an external power source, far from an external power source, or no nearby external power source.

Section BP1. A method/system/software/device for a wireless monitoring system, comprising: transmitting a wireless signal from a Type 1 disparate wireless device through a wireless multipath channel of a location; receiving the wireless signal by a Type 2 disparate wireless device through the wireless multipath channel, where the received wireless signal differs from the transmitted wireless signal due to modulation of the wireless signal by the wireless multipath channel of the location and an object within the location; obtaining a set of channel information (CI) for the wireless multipath channel based on the received wireless signal using a processor, a memory communicatively coupled to the processor, and a set of instructions stored in the memory; and monitoring at least one of the object and its movement based on the set of CI, wherein the target device includes at least one of a power supply unit, a power management unit, a power transfer unit, an energy storage unit, a power generation unit, and an energy harvesting unit, and the target device includes at least one of the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device.

Section BP2. A method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in Section BP1, which powers the target device with energy from at least one of the power supply unit, the power management unit, the power transfer unit, the energy storage unit, the power generation unit, the energy harvesting unit, the external power supply unit, and an external power source.

Section BP3. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in Section BP1, further comprising transferring energy between two of the power supply unit, the power management unit, the power transfer unit, the energy storage unit, the power generation unit, the energy harvesting unit, the external power supply unit, the external power source, and the external power receiving circuit.

Section BP4. A method/system/software/device for the wireless monitoring system described in Section BP1, which supplies energy from at least one of the power generation unit, the energy harvesting unit, an external power source, and an external power supply unit to at least one of the power supply unit, the power management unit, the power transfer unit, the energy storage unit, and an external power receiving circuit.

Section BP5. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in Section BP1, further comprising charging the energy storage unit using energy from at least one of the power generation unit and the energy harvesting unit.

Section BP6. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in Section BP1, which charges the energy storage unit based on at least one of a plan, strategy, timetable, event, trigger, condition, status, state, stage, charging rate, protection mechanism associated with the energy storage unit, status associated with the location, the set of CIs, analysis of the set of CIs, the monitoring of the object based on the set of CIs, the monitoring of the movement of the object based on the set of CIs, movement of the target device, null-movement status of the target device, operating status of the target device, tasks performed by the target device, movement of the location, null-movement status of the location, operating status of the location, and tasks associated with the location.

Section BP7. A method/system/software/device for a wireless monitoring system according to Section BP1, comprising: in a first charging mode, charging the energy storage unit using energy from at least one of the power generation unit and the energy harvesting unit; in a second charging mode, charging the energy storage unit using energy from at least one of the power supply unit, the power management unit, the power transfer unit, an external power supply unit, and an external power source; and in a third charging mode, charging the energy storage unit using energy from at least one of the power generation unit and the energy harvesting unit, and energy from at least one of the power supply unit, the power management unit, and the power transfer unit.

Paragraph BP8. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in paragraph BP1, wherein the power generation unit includes at least one of a solar panel, a converter that converts light energy into electrical energy, a converter that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, a converter that converts thermal energy into electrical energy, a converter that converts another form of energy into electrical energy, and a conversion subsystem that converts another form of energy into electrical energy.

Paragraph BP9. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in paragraph BP1, wherein the target device includes a surface within a location, a smooth surface, a glass surface, a metal surface, a wood surface, a plastic surface, a tile surface, a hard surface, a soft surface, a rigid surface, a flexible surface, an elastic surface, a structure, a fixture, a window, a vehicle window, a vehicle side window, a vehicle rear window, a vehicle front window, a door, a vehicle door, a wall, a ceiling, a vehicle ceiling, furniture, a shelf, a cabinet, a table, a chair, a refrigerator, lighting, an appliance, a household item, an accessory, a peripheral, a smart device, an IoT device, at least one matching connection mechanism within the location, at least one matching connection mechanism for another device within the location, and a connection mechanism for attaching the target device to at least one of the locations.

Clause BP10. The method/system/software/device of a wireless monitoring system described in paragraph BP9, wherein the connection mechanism includes at least one of a locking mechanism, a bayonet coupling, a threaded coupling, a push-pull coupling, a release coupling, a push-press coupling, a screw-locked coupling, a push-and-push lock coupling, a magnetic coupling, an electromagnet, a magnet, an attachable mechanism, a detachable mechanism, a link mechanism, a binding mechanism, a connector, a mechanical holder, a suction mechanism, a sucker, a peg, a clip, a staple, a ring, a pin, a hook, a loop, a snap-lock hook, a snap-on hook, a bracket, a hanger, a mount, a chain, a track and trolley, a screw, a nut and screw, a nut and bolt, a hook-and-loop fastener, a Velcro®, an adhesive, a pressure-sensitive adhesive tape (PSA), a self-adhesive tape, a sticky tape, a double-sided sticky tape, a sticky tape, a fastener, a dual-lock fastener, a self-mating fastener, a reclosable fastener, and another attachment mechanism.

Section BP11. The method/connection mechanism/software/device of a wireless monitoring system described in Section BP1, further comprising determining a location within the location where the target device will be installed, and attaching the target device to the location based on the connection mechanism.

Section BP12. The method/system/software/device of a wireless monitoring system described in Section 11, further comprising determining the location based on at least one of the following: signal strength of the wireless signal, characteristics of the wireless signal, wireless coupling between the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device, a spatial relationship between the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device, characteristics of the wireless multipath channel, characteristics of the set of CIs, monitoring at least one of objects and object movement based on the set of CIs, monitoring effectiveness, spatial considerations related to monitoring, coverage considerations related to monitoring and location, effectiveness of at least one of the power generation unit and the energy harvesting unit, availability of light for recharging a battery with a solar panel, environmental factors related to use of the energy harvesting unit to harvest energy from the environment within the location to charge the energy storage unit, availability and suitability of surfaces at the location for attaching the target device using the target device's attachment mechanism, ease of attaching the target device, ease of removing the target device to charge the energy storage unit, and another consideration.

Section BP13. A method/system/software/device for a vehicle wireless monitoring system, comprising: transmitting a wireless signal from a Type 1 disparate wireless device within a vehicle over a wireless multipath channel at a location, the location including the vehicle and an area immediately surrounding the vehicle; receiving the wireless signal by a Type 2 disparate wireless device within the vehicle over the wireless multipath channel, the received wireless signal being different from the transmitted wireless signal for the wireless multipath channel at the location; obtaining a time series of channel information (TSCI) for the wireless multipath channel based on the received wireless signal using a processor, a memory communicatively coupled to the processor, and a set of instructions stored in the memory; and monitoring the vehicle based on the set of TSCI.

Paragraph BP14. A method/signal/software/device for a vehicle wireless monitoring system, wherein the wireless signal is a wireless local area network (WLAN) signal, a WWAN signal, a WPAN signal, a WBAN signal, a Wi-Fi signal, a Wi-Fi 4/5/6/7/8 signal, an IEEE 802.11 signal, an IEEE 802.11n/ac/ax/be signal, a cellular communication signal, a 3G/4G/LTE/5G/6G/7G/8G signal, an IEEE 802.15 signal, an IEEE 802.16 signal, a Bluetooth signal, or a Bluetooth Low Energy signal. A method/system/software/device that includes at least one of a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) signal, an RFID signal, a Zigbee signal, an UWB signal, a WiMax signal, a unicast signal, a multicast signal, a broadcast signal, a laser signal, a LIDAR signal, a radar signal, an optical signal, an infrared signal, an ultraviolet signal, a sound signal, an ultrasonic signal, a radio signal, an electromagnetic (EM) wave, a microwave signal, a millimeter wave (mmWave) signal, a radio frequency (RF) signal with a carrier frequency higher than 100 kHz, and another wireless signal.

Paragraph BP15. The method/system/software/device of the vehicle wireless monitoring system of paragraph BP1 monitors at least one of the interior space, exterior space, and structure of a vehicle based on the TSCI, wherein the interior space includes at least one of a passenger compartment, trunk, hood, storage space, compartment, trailer, container, luggage compartment, gasoline tank, fuel tank, and oil bag, and the exterior space includes a garage, a space within a certain distance from the vehicle, a parking facility where the vehicle stops and parks, an area around the vehicle where another vehicle may approach, stop, and/or park, an instantaneous time-varying area around the vehicle as the vehicle moves, a section of the street along which the vehicle moves, a trailer, container, and the like. A method/system/software/device that includes at least one of the following structures: a vehicle compartment, a luggage compartment, a towing object, an accessory object, a carrying object, a forward space, a rear space, a left space, a right space, an air flow path through or around the vehicle, and a space above and below the vehicle; and the structure includes at least one of a vehicle chassis, a body, a light, a plate, a partition, a window, a door, a tailgate, a wall, a roof, sheet metal, a panel, a bumper, a fender, a wheel, a tire, a pipe, an engine, a pump, an engine bay, a hood, a trunk, a passenger compartment, a trailer, a container, a luggage compartment, a gas tank, a fuel tank, a lubricant bay, a lubrication line, a fuel line, a seat, a panel, and a mechanical part of any vehicle.

Paragraph BP16. The method/system/software/device of the vehicle wireless monitoring system of paragraph BP1 may include presence detection, presence detection in storage spaces (e.g., trunk, hood, trailer, container, luggage compartment), human presence detection, child presence detection, pet presence detection, intruder presence detection, foreign object presence detection, detection of children left behind by parents after the vehicle engine is turned off, motion detection, child motion detection, motion recognition, activity recognition, sleep detection, vibration detection, window breakage detection, breathing detection, driver recognition, vehicle customization based on driver recognition, passenger recognition, passenger location identification, passenger number counting, driver attention monitoring, driver alertness monitoring, driver drowsiness detection, security. A method/system/software/device that monitors by performing at least one of security monitoring, intrusion monitoring, intruder monitoring, detection of outsiders (e.g., thieves) reaching the interior vehicle through an opening (e.g., a window), detection of foreign objects entering the vehicle through the opening, tire pressure monitoring, cyclist detection, pedestrian detection, blind spot monitoring, rear cross traffic detection, lane departure detection, lane keeping detection, lane centering detection, parking detection, approach detection, traffic sign recognition, collision between the vehicle and another object, hit and run, accident, imminent hazard detection, collision avoidance, and other monitoring of the interior space.

Section BP17. 2. The method/system/software/device of claim 1, comprising generating/executing/triggering a response based on the monitoring, the response being accident avoidance, emergency stopping, evasive maneuvering, active anti-lock braking, active traction control, electronic stability control, dynamic stability control, vehicle stability assist, active handling, safety belt adjustment, brake assist, active head restraint, camera activation, backup camera activation, sensor activation, LIDAR activation, radar activation, active parking assist, parking assist system, automatic high beams, adaptive cruise control (ACC), active cruise control, pedestrian detection warning (PD), cyclist warning, rear cross traffic warning (RCTW), blind spot warning (BSW), forward collision warning (FCW), lane departure warning (LDW), lane centering assist (LCA), automatic emergency braking (AEB), rear automatic emergency braking (RAEB), urban automatic emergency braking (CAED), high speed automatic emergency braking (HAEB), lane keeping assist (LKA), alert generation, airbag deployment, selective airbag deployment. the method/system/software/device comprising at least one of: deployment of a navigation system, night vision, speed control, acceleration, deceleration, driver attention means, driver focus means, sound control, volume control, playing upbeat music, playing warning messages, driver interaction, fresh air control, air speed control, air volume control, air direction control, temperature control, window control, air conditioning control, lighting control, tint control, vehicle suspension control, seat customization, driver seat adjustment, driving position customization, steering column customization, passenger seat adjustment, seat control, mirror customization, mirror control, air conditioning customization, air conditioning control, audio visual customization, audio visual control, lighting control, generating an alert, communicating the alert to a remote entity (e.g., using Wi-Fi, 3G/4G/LTE/5G, SMS, etc.), conveying a verbal alert to the driver, passengers, and/or intruder (e.g., using a smart assistant such as Amazon Alexa, Google Home, Microsoft, Apple Siri, Samsung, etc., generating a voice on a speaker smart), a visual alert on a video display, and another response.

Section BP18. A method/system/software/device for a vehicle wireless monitoring system described in Section BP1, which includes monitoring the security of the vehicle based on the TSCI.

Paragraph BP19. The method/system/software/device for the vehicle wireless monitoring system of paragraph BP1, comprising: associating a safety event/security event/structural integrity event of the vehicle with a feature of the TSCI; and detecting the safety event/security event/structural integrity event of the vehicle by recognizing the feature of the TSCI, wherein the safety event/security event/structural integrity event includes at least one of a window left half-open, a window not fully closed, a door unlocked, a window broken, a door unauthorized opening, unauthorized entry of an intruder, movement of an intruder in the trunk of a vehicle, movement of an intruder in the passenger compartment of a vehicle, an intruder reaching at least one of the following: theft, damage, obstruction, or collision of a vehicle; damage to the exterior of a vehicle; a hit-and-run; an infant left in a vehicle; a young child left in a vehicle; a pet left in a vehicle; people walking around; a person excluding a vehicle window; approaching the vehicle excessively close; detection of breathing in a vehicle; detection of movement in a vehicle; and another security event.

Item BP20. The method/security/software/device of the vehicle radio monitoring system of item BP3, comprising training a security model of the TSCI features associated with the security event, and detecting the security event based on the security model.

Item BP21. The method/system/software/device of the vehicle radio monitoring system of item BP4, including training the security model based on training TSCI collected during a training period in which the security event occurs.

Paragraph BP22. The method/system/software/device of the vehicle radio monitoring system of paragraph BP2, including initiating monitoring of vehicle security based on at least one of the following conditions: preparation of the vehicle radio monitoring system; parked status of the vehicle; stopped status of the vehicle; engine shut off of the vehicle; headlights of the vehicle being turned off; release of the brakes by the driver of the vehicle; departure of the driver from the vehicle by opening or closing the driver door; departure of a passenger from the vehicle by opening or closing the passenger door; removal of the driver's smartphone; absence of a paired device; lack of movement within the vehicle for a period of time; and another condition.

Paragraph BP23. The method/system/software/device of the vehicle radio monitoring system of paragraph BP2, including disengaging the vehicle radio monitoring system, stopping or pausing monitoring of vehicle security based on at least one of the following: an unparked state of the vehicle, an in-motion status of the vehicle, turning on the vehicle engine, turning on the vehicle headlights, application of the brake mechanism by the driver of the vehicle, arrival of the driver from the vehicle by opening or closing the driver door, arrival of a passenger from the vehicle by opening or closing the passenger door, arrival of a driver's smartphone, the presence of a paired device, the presence of movement within the vehicle for a period of time, and another condition.

Section BP24. The method/system/software/device of the vehicle radio monitoring system described in Section BP1, which includes monitoring the vehicle for window opening events based on the set of TSCIs.

Paragraph BP25. The method/system/software/device of the vehicle wireless monitoring system of paragraph BP1, wherein at least one of the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device is physically connected to the vehicle via at least one of a USB port, a cigarette lighter port, an OBD port, an Ethernet point, a network point, another connector port, and an attachment point for the Type 1 or Type 2 device.

Section BP26. The method/system/software/device of the vehicle radio monitoring system described in Section BP1, wherein at least one of the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device is integrated into a vehicle electronic subsystem.

Paragraph BP27. The method/system/software/device of the vehicle wireless monitoring system described in paragraph BP1, wherein at least one of the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device is communicatively coupled to an on-board electronic subsystem based on a Wi-Fi system, an on-board Bluetooth® system, an on-board BLE system, or an on-board Zigbee system.

The following numbered sections provide examples for detecting and monitoring objects with a vehicle wireless monitoring system. The objects may be drivers, passengers, pets, infants, pedestrians, intruders, or other vehicles.

Item B1. A Type 2 heterogeneous wireless device of a vehicle wireless monitoring system, comprising: a wireless receiver; a processor communicatively coupled to the wireless receiver; a memory communicatively coupled to the processor; and a set of instructions stored in the memory, which, when executed by the processor, causes the device to perform the following: receive wireless signals through a wireless multipath channel of the Type 2 heterogeneous wireless device at a location, the location including a vehicle and the vehicle's immediate vicinity, the wireless signals transmitted from a Type 1 heterogeneous wireless device of the vehicle wireless monitoring system within the location, the received wireless signals differing from the transmitted wireless signals due to modulation of the wireless multipath channel of the location and by objects moving within the location; obtain a time series of channel information (TSCI) of the wireless multipath channel based on the received wireless signals; and perform a monitoring task by monitoring the vehicle, the object, and at least one of the objects based on the TSCI.

Clause B2. The Type 2 device of the vehicle wireless monitoring system described in Clause B1, wherein the set of instructions further causes the Type 2 device to perform monitoring of at least one of the interior space, exterior space, and structure of the vehicle based on the TSCI, wherein the interior space includes at least one of a passenger compartment, trunk, hood, storage space, compartment, trailer, container, luggage compartment, gasoline tank, fuel tank, and oil bag, and the exterior space includes a garage, a space within a certain distance from the vehicle, a parking facility where the vehicle stops and parks, an area around the vehicle where another vehicle may approach, stop, or park, an instantaneous time-varying area around the vehicle as the vehicle moves, a street security system along which the vehicle moves, and the like. The Type 2 device of a vehicle wireless monitoring system includes at least one of a vehicle compartment, trailer, container, luggage compartment, towing object, accessory object, carrying object, front space, rear space, left space, right space, air flow path through or around the vehicle, space above, and space below the vehicle, and the structure includes at least one of a vehicle chassis, body, light, plate, partition, window, door, tailgate, wall, roof, sheet metal, panel, bumper, fender, wheel, tire, pipe, engine, pump, engine bay, hood, trunk, passenger compartment, trailer, container, luggage compartment, gas tank, fuel tank, lubricant bay, lubrication line, fuel line, seat, panel, or any mechanical part of the vehicle.

Item B3. The Type 2 device of the vehicle wireless monitoring system described in Item B2, wherein the set of instructions further causes the Type 2 device to perform, based on the TSCI, detection presence, detection presence of a storage space, human presence detection, child presence detection, pet presence detection, foreign object presence detection, detection of a child left by a parent after the vehicle engine is turned off, motion detection, child motion detection, motion recognition, activity recognition, sleep detection, vibration detection, window break detection, breathing detection, driver recognition, vehicle customization based on driver recognition, driver attention monitoring, driver alertness monitoring, driver drowsiness detection, passenger recognition, passenger location, and passenger location. The Type 2 device of the vehicle wireless monitoring system monitors by performing passenger counting, security monitoring, intrusion detection, intruder detection, intruder presence detection, detection of outsiders reaching the interior of the vehicle through an opening, detection of foreign objects entering the vehicle through an opening, tire pressure monitoring, pedestrian detection, cyclist detection, blind spot monitoring, rear cross traffic detection, lane departure detection, lane keeping detection, lane center detection, parking space detection, parking detection, approach detection, traffic sign recognition, imminent hazard detection, collision avoidance, accidents, hit and run, collision of the vehicle with other objects, or another monitoring of the interior space.

Clause B4. The Type 2 device of the vehicle wireless monitoring system described in Clause B3, wherein the set of instructions further causes the Type 2 device to calculate at least one space-time information (STI) of at least one of the vehicle, the object, and the object's movement based on the TSCI, and monitor the vehicle, the object, and the object's movement based on the at least one STI, wherein the STI includes motion location, location, position coordinates, change in position, position, position on map, height, horizontal position, vertical position, distance, displacement, speed, velocity, acceleration, rotational displacement, rotational speed, rotational acceleration, direction, angle of movement, azimuth angle, elevation angle, direction of movement, turning, path, and starting position. , End position, Size, Length, Area, Volume, Capacity, Shape, Morphology, Sign, Motion classification, Motion identification, Motion recognition, Motion type, Repetitive motion, Periodic motion, Pseudo-periodic motion, Impulsive motion, Sudden motion, Fall, Transient motion, Deformation, Transformation, Contraction, Expansion, Behavior, Motion trend, Beginning amount, Start amount, End amount, Consumption amount, Non-consumption amount, Signal statistics, Signal dynamics, Anomaly, Transient behavior, Motion period, Frequency of motion, Motion timing, Time trend, Time profile, Time characteristics, Appearance, Change, Time change, Change in CI, Change in frequency, Timing change, Change in gait cycle, Timing, Start time, Start time, End time, Duration, Motion history, Frequency, Frequency spectrum, Frequency characteristics, Presence, Absence, Proximity, Approach, Retreat, Identity, Object object identification, object configuration, deformation motion, head motion, head motion direction, mouth motion, heart motion, organ motion, hand motion, hand motion direction, leg motion, body motion, handwriting, gesture, gait, gait cycle, tool motion, machine motion, complex motion, combination of multiple motions, head movement speed, mouth related rate, eye related rate, hand movement rate, walking rate, movement rhythm, movement cycle, repetition period, frequency, rate, breathing rate, heart rate, tidal volume, breathing depth, inhalation time, exhalation time, exhalation time ratio, airflow rate, heart rate to beat interval, heart rate variability, gait cycle, motion statistics, motion parameters, motion characteristics, indication of motion detection, motion magnitude, motion phase, motion count, position features, features associated with the motion of said object, The Type 2 device of the vehicle wireless monitoring system includes at least one of the following: motion signal transformation, motion present, no motion, object present, object absent, object entering, object exiting, object change, event, fall event, security event, accidental accident, home event, office event, factory event, warehouse event, manufacturing event, assembly line event, maintenance event, vehicle-related event, navigation event, tracking event, door event, door open event, door close event, window vent, window opening event, window closing event, repeatable event, one-time event, state, physical state, health state, happiness state, emotional state, mental state, or stage.

Clause B5. The Type 2 device of the vehicle wireless monitoring system described in Clause B4, wherein the set of instructions further causes the Type 2 device to compute an analysis based on at least one STI and monitor the vehicle, the object, and the object's movement based on the analysis, and the computation of the analysis includes processing the at least one STI, analyzing the at least one STI, thresholding the at least one STI based on a threshold, classifying the at least one STI based on a classifier, and a neural network having an input including the at least one STI. and classifying the STI using a neural network, or calculating, based on the at least one STI, at least one of degree of motion, change, non-change, occurrence, indication, event occurrence, security event, ID, verification, authentication, detection, estimation, recognition, classification, counting, location, tracking, guidance, navigation, presence, proximity, status, stage, sleep stage, well-being state, health state, behavior, activity, trend, gesture, sign, keystroke, emotion, timing, duration, location, irregularity, deviation, or alarm.

Clause B6. The Type 2 device of the vehicle radio monitoring system described in Clause B4, wherein the set of instructions further causes the Type 2 device to calculate a time series of features of the TSCI and to calculate an STI based on the time series of features of the TSCI, each feature being a quantity, Boolean value, label, scalar, vector, matrix, data structure, set, aggregation, CI, CI magnitude, CI phase, CI magnitude squared, function of a sliding window of CI, function of a component of a sliding window of CI, energy calculation, correlation, autocorrelation, autocorrelation function (ACF), cross-correlation, correlation between two CIs, correlation between two vectors of CIs, correlation between two windows of CIs, correlation between components of two windows of CIs, correlation between two windows of aligned and mapped CIs, dynamic time warping ( Correlation between two windows of CIs aligned using DTW, correlation coefficient, correlation index, ACF features, local maxima, local minima, zero crossings, inner product, dot product, cross product, covariance, autocovariance, cross-covariance, discrimination score, time-reversed resonance strength (TRRS), distance score, Euclidean distance, absolute distance, L1 distance, L2 distance, Lk distance, graph distance, metric, norm, L-1 norm, L-2 norm, Lk norm, distance measure between two CIs, distance measure between two CI vectors, distance measure between two windows of CIs, distance measure between components of two windows of CIs, distance measure between two windows of aligned and mapped CIs, distance measure between two windows of CIs aligned using DTW, moving average, weighted average, median, mode, mean, variance, standard deviation, variation, derivative, slope, total variation , absolute variation, squared variation, spread, variance, variability, deviation, absolute deviation, squared deviation, total deviation, divergence, distance, interquartile range, skewness, kurtosis, L-moment, coefficient of variation, interquartile coefficient of variation, mean absolute difference, Gini coefficient, relative mean difference, median absolute deviation, mean absolute deviation, distance standard deviation, coefficient of dispersion, entropy, variance/mean ratio, max/min ratio, variation measure, regularity measure, similarity measure, similarity score, likelihood, probability distribution function, sampling distribution, moment generation function, expected value, expectation function, transform, frequency spectrum, spectral features, frequency characteristics, spectral analysis, linear transform, nonlinear transform, inverse transform, frequency transform, inverse frequency transform, Fourier transform (FT), discrete-time FT (DTFT), discrete FT (DFT), fast FT (FFT), wavelet transform, Laplace transform, Hilbert transform, Hadamard transform, trigonometric transform, sine transform The Type 2 device of the vehicle wireless monitoring system includes at least one of the following: a transform, a cosine transform, a DCT, a power of two transform, a sparse transform, a graph-based transform, graph signal processing, a fast transform, a transform combined with zero padding, cyclic padding, padding, zero padding, a measure of repeatability, a measure of periodicity, a measure of impulsiveness, a measure of suddenness, a measure of recurrence, a frequency, a rate, a period, a timing, a duration, a change, a change over time, a frequency change, a statistical change, a change over time, an event occurrence, an event statistics, a feature extraction, a decomposition, a size reduction, a projection, an orthogonal projection, a non-orthogonal projection, an overcomplete projection, an eigenvalue decomposition, a singular value decomposition (SVD), a principal component analysis (PCA), an independent component analysis (ICA), thresholding, a soft thresholding, a hard thresholding, a clip, and a soft clip.

Item B7. The Type 2 device of the vehicle wireless monitoring system described in Item B1, further comprising: filtering, linear filtering, nonlinear filtering, low-pass filtering, band-pass filtering, high-pass filtering, median filtering, rank filtering, quartile filtering, percentile filtering, mode filtering, finite impulse response (FIR) filtering, infinite impulse response (IIR) filtering, moving average (MA) filtering, autoregressive (AR) filtering, autoregressive moving average (ARMA) filtering, selective filtering, adaptive filtering, matched filtering, interpolation, decimation, subsampling, upsampling, resampling, time correction, time axis correction, folding, and grouping. The type 2 device of the vehicle radio monitoring system preprocesses the TSCI based on at least one of energy calculation, noise removal, smoothing, signal conditioning, phase correction, magnitude correction, phase cleaning, magnitude cleaning, enhancement, restoration, spectral analysis, linear transform, nonlinear transform, inverse transform, frequency transform, inverse frequency transform, Fourier transform (FT), discrete time FT (DTFT), discrete FT (DFT), fast FT (FFT), wavelet transform, Laplace transform, Hilbert transform, Hadamard transform, trigonometric transform, sine transform, cosine transform, DCT, power of two transform, sparse transform, graph-based transform, graph signal processing, fast transform, transform combined with zero padding, cyclic padding, padding, zero padding, transformation, and mapping.

Clause B8. The Type 2 device of the vehicle wireless monitoring system described in Clause B1, wherein the set of instructions further causes the Type 2 device to generate a response based on the monitoring, the response including generating a warning, generating a presentation, communicating a warning to a remote device, generating a presentation on a remote device, communicating a verbal alert within the vehicle to at least one of the driver, passenger, outsider, and intruder, communicating a visual alert on a visual display within the vehicle, driver attention measures, driver focus measures, audiovisual control, volume control, playing upbeat music, playing a warning message, interacting with the driver, fresh air control, air speed control, air volume control, air direction control, temperature control, window control, air conditioning control, lighting control, tint control, vehicle suspension control, seat customization, driver seat adjustment, driving position customization, steering column customization, passenger seat adjustment, seat control, mirror customization, mirror control, air conditioning customization, audiovisual customization, speed control, acceleration, deceleration, and accident avoidance. , emergency stop, avoidance control, active antilock braking, active traction control, electronic stability control, dynamic stability control, vehicle stability assist, active handling, safety belt adjustment, brake assist, active head restraint, camera activation, backup camera activation, sensor activation, LIDAR activation, radar activation, active parking assist, parking assist system, automatic high beam, adaptive cruise control (ACC), active cruise control, pedestrian detection warning (PD), cyclist alert, rear cross traffic warning (RCTW), blind spot warning (BSW), forward collision warning (FCW), lane departure warning (LDW), lane centering assist (LCA), automatic emergency braking (AEB), rear automatic emergency braking (RAEB), urban automatic emergency braking (CAED), high speed automatic emergency braking (HAEB), lane keeping assist (LKA), alert generation, airbag deployment, selective airbag deployment, night vision, and another response.

Clause B9. The Type 2 device of the vehicle radio monitoring system described in Clause B1, wherein the set of instructions causes the Type 2 device to: preprocess the TSCI; calculate a time series of features of the TSCI, each feature being a feature for a first sliding time window of the preprocessed TSCI; calculate a time series of STIs based on the time series of features, each STI being based on a second sliding time window of the time series of features; calculate a time series of analysis values based on the time series of STIs, each analysis value being based on a third sliding time window of the time series of STIs; monitor at least one of the vehicle, the object, and movement of the object based on at least one of the time series of features, the time series of STIs, and the time series of analysis values; and generate a response based on the monitoring.

Clause B10. The Type 2 device of the vehicle wireless monitoring system described in Clause B2, wherein the set of instructions causes the Type 2 device to monitor the security of the vehicle based on the TSCI, wherein the security includes: (1) monitoring the security of the external space of the vehicle, including at least one of detecting suspicious activity in the external space, detecting the presence of a moving object, detecting a person approaching the vehicle, detecting a person in the external space loitering around the vehicle, detecting a person in the external space peering into the vehicle through a window, detecting a person in the external space damaging the vehicle, detecting a person breaking into the vehicle, or detecting a person pushing open a door or window of the vehicle; (2) (3) monitoring the security of the interior space of the vehicle, including at least one of: detecting suspicious activity in the interior space; detecting the presence of a moving object; detecting an outsider reaching the interior of the vehicle through a window; detecting a foreign object entering the vehicle through a window; intrusion detection; intruder presence detection; intruder tracking; detecting an intruder in the interior space when the vehicle is parked; detecting the presence of a living object; detecting the presence of a child in the rear seat, front seat, trunk, or storage space; or detecting the presence of a pet; and (3) monitoring the security of the structure of the vehicle when the vehicle is parked and in motion, including at least one of detecting a window being broken while parked; detecting a door being opened while parked; detecting a hit-and-run while parked; detecting a collision; or detecting structural damage.

Clause B11. The Type 2 device of the vehicle wireless monitoring system described in Clause B2, wherein the set of instructions causes the Type 2 device to perform monitoring of the driver and passengers of the vehicle based on the TSCI, and the monitoring includes at least one of driver monitoring, driver presence detection, driver identification, driver verification, driver activity monitoring, driver preference monitoring, driver health monitoring, driver vital signs monitoring, driver respiration monitoring, driver heart rate monitoring, driver alertness monitoring, driver drowsiness detection, driver attention detection, driver entering the vehicle, driver exiting the vehicle, passenger monitoring, passenger presence detection, infant detection, child detection, pet detection, passenger location, passenger counting, passenger recognition, passenger activity monitoring, passenger preference monitoring, passenger health monitoring, passenger respiration monitoring, passenger heart rate monitoring, passenger vital signs monitoring, passenger sleep detection, passenger entering the vehicle, passenger exiting the vehicle, and driver-passenger interaction monitoring.

Clause B12. The Type 2 device of the vehicle radio monitoring system described in Clause B1, wherein the set of instructions further causes the Type 2 device to suspend the monitoring task and enter a low power mode when the monitoring task determines a low activity state, wake up from the low power mode when triggered by a signal and execute the monitoring task, and suspend the monitoring task again and re-enter the low power mode when the monitoring task again determines a low activity state.

Clause B13. The Type 2 device of the vehicle radio monitoring system described in Clause B1, wherein the set of instructions further causes the Type 2 device to associate events of the vehicle with features of the TSCI, the events including at least one of a safety monitoring event, a security monitoring event, a structural integrity monitoring event, a driver monitoring event, a passenger monitoring event, and an intruder monitoring event, and detect the events of the vehicle by recognizing the features of the TSCI.

Item B14. The Type 2 device of the vehicle wireless monitoring system described in Item B13, wherein the events include at least one of an open window, a partially open window, a closed window, a nearly closed window, a broken window, an open door, a partially open door, a closed door, a nearly closed door, an unlocked door, a deformed door, an unauthorized door opening, an unauthorized entry by an intruder, a driver presence, a driver movement, a drowsy driver, a distracted driver, a passenger presence, a passenger movement, an intruder presence, an intruder presence, an intruder movement, an intruder movement in the trunk of the vehicle, an intruder movement in the passenger compartment of the vehicle, an intrusion resulting in at least one of theft, damage, and sabotage, a vehicle collision, sabotage, damage to the exterior of the vehicle, a hit-and-run, an infant left in a vehicle, a young child left in a vehicle, a pet left in a vehicle, people pedestrians, a person looking into a vehicle through a vehicle window, a vehicle that is too close, breathing detected in a vehicle, movement detected in a vehicle, and another security event.

Clause B15. The Type 2 device of the vehicle radio monitoring system described in Clause B9, wherein the set of instructions further causes the device to: associate an event of the vehicle with at least one characteristic of the TSCI, the feature time series, the STI time series, and the analysis time series, where the event includes at least one of a safety event, a security event, a structural integrity event, a driver event, a passenger event, and an intruder event; and detect the event of the vehicle by recognizing the characteristic of the TSCI.

Clause B16. The Type 2 device of the vehicle radio monitoring system described in Clause B15, wherein the set of instructions further causes the device to: train the model of the event on at least one feature of a training TSCI, a time series of training features calculated based on the training TSCI, a time series of training STIs calculated based on the training features, and a time series of training analysis calculated based on the training STIs, where the training TSCI of a training radio multipath channel at a training location is obtained from training radio signals transmitted from a training Type 1 device within the training location to a training Type 2 device within the training location during a training period; and detect an event based on the model and at least one of the TSCI, the time series of features, the time series of STIs, and the time series of analysis.

Clause B17. The Type 2 device of the vehicle radio monitoring system described in Clause B1, wherein the set of instructions causes the Type 2 device to start, stop, or pause a subtask of the monitoring task, and the pause is based on the arming or disarming of the vehicle radio monitoring system, the parked or unparked state of the vehicle, the stopped or moving state of the vehicle, the on or off of the engine of the vehicle, the on or off of the headlights of the vehicle, the release or application of the brake by the driver of the vehicle, the opening or closing of a door, the opening or closing of a window, the opening or closing of at least one of the driver door, passenger door, vehicle trunk door, vehicle hood cover, luggage compartment door, trailer door, container door, storage space door, and fuel tank cover, the entry or exit of a driver in connection with the opening or closing of a driver door, the entry or exit of a passenger in connection with the opening or closing of a passenger door, the entry or exit of a driver's smartphone, the entry or exit of a passenger's smartphone, and the presence or absence of a paired device. , pairing or unpairing a previously paired device; interaction with a part of the vehicle, which part of the vehicle is at least one of a USB port, a cigarette lighter port, an OBD port, a headphone port, an Ethernet point, a network point of a vehicle network, a user interface, a touch-sensitive screen, a button, a lever, a control, an air vent, a radio, a vehicle entertainment system, an air conditioner, a vehicle climate control system, a vehicle communication system, a vehicle Wi-Fi system, a vehicle Bluetooth system, a seat, a window, a door, a cover, a wiper, lighting, a mirror, a steering wheel, wheels, tires, a moving part of the vehicle, and a mounting part of the Type 1 or Type 2 device; the Type 2 device of the vehicle wireless monitoring system is caused to execute based on at least one of a period of inactivity within the vehicle, a period of movement within the vehicle, and another condition.

Item B18. The Type 2 device of the vehicle wireless monitoring system of Item B1, wherein at least one of the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device is physically attached to or supported by the vehicle based on at least one of the USB port, the cigarette lighter port, the OBD port, the Ethernet point, the network point, and the mounting portion of the Type 1 device or the Type 2 device, and the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device are in different positions within the vehicle.

Item B19. The Type 2 device of the vehicle radio monitoring system described in Item B18, wherein at least one of the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device is integrated into a vehicle subsystem.

Clause B20. The Type 2 device of the vehicle wireless monitoring system described in Clause B1, wherein at least one of the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device is communicatively coupled to or powered by the vehicle based on at least one of the USB port, the cigarette lighter port, the OBD port, the Ethernet point, the network point, the vehicle network, the vehicle Wi-Fi system, the vehicle Bluetooth system, the vehicle BLE system, the vehicle Zigbee system, the vehicle communication system, an in-vehicle electronic subsystem, hardwiring, and a Type 1 or Type 2 device mounting location, and the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device are co-located within the vehicle.

Clause B21. The Type 2 device of the vehicle radio monitoring system described in Clause B1, wherein the set of instructions further causes the Type 2 device to: receive another radio signal through another radio multipath channel at the location, the another radio signal being transmitted from another Type 1 heterogeneous radio device of the system, the received another radio signal being different from the transmitted another radio signal due to another radio multipath channel at the location and modulation of the another radio signal by the moving object at the location; obtain another time series channel information (TSCI) for the another radio multipath channel based on the received another radio signal; individually perform a monitoring task by monitoring at least one of the vehicle, the object, and the object's movement based on the another TSCI; and jointly perform the monitoring task by monitoring at least one of the vehicle, the object, and the object's movement based jointly on the TSCI and the another TSCI.

Clause B22. The Type 2 device of the vehicle wireless monitoring system described in Clause B1, wherein another Type 2 heterogeneous wireless device within the location is configured to receive the wireless signal through the wireless multipath channel of the location, where the wireless signal received by the other Type 2 device differs from the transmitted wireless signal due to the wireless multipath channel of the location and a different modulation of the wireless signal by the object moving within the location, and to obtain a different time series channel information (TSCI) of the wireless multipath channel based on the wireless signal received by the other Type 2 device; and is configured to individually perform the monitoring task by monitoring at least one of the vehicle, the object, and the object's movement based on the different TSCI, and the monitoring task is performed jointly by monitoring at least one of the vehicle, the object, and the object's movement based jointly on the TSCI and the other TSCI.

Clause B23. A method for a vehicle wireless monitoring system, comprising: transmitting a wireless signal from a type 1 disparate wireless device within a location via a wireless multipath channel of the location, the location including a vehicle and an area immediately surrounding the vehicle; receiving the wireless signal by a type 2 disparate wireless device within the location via the wireless multipath channel, the received wireless signal differing from the transmitted wireless signal due to the wireless multipath channel of the location and modulation of the wireless signal by the object moving within the location; using a processor, a memory communicatively coupled to the processor, and a set of instructions stored in the memory, to obtain a time series of channel information (TSCI) of the wireless multipath channel based on the received wireless signal; and performing a monitoring task by monitoring at least one of the vehicle, the object, and the object's movement based on the TSCI.

Clause B24. The method for the vehicle radio monitoring system described in Clause B23, further comprising: pre-processing the TSCI; calculating a time series of features of the TSCI, each feature being a feature of a first sliding time window of the pre-processed TSCI; calculating a time series of STIs based on the time series of features, each STI being based on a second sliding time window of the time series of features; and calculating a time series of analyses based on the time series of STIs, each analysis being based on a third sliding time window of the time series of STIs; monitoring at least one of the vehicle, the object, and movement of the object based on at least one of the time series of features, the time series of STIs, and the time series of analyses; and generating a response based on the monitoring.

Clause B25. The method for the vehicle radio monitoring system described in Clause B24, comprising: associating an event of the vehicle with at least one feature of the TSCI, the time series of the features, the time series of the STI, and the time series of the analysis, where the event includes at least one of a safety event, a security event, a structural integrity event, a driver event, a passenger event, and an intruder event; training a model of the event based on at least one feature of a training TSCI, a time series of training features calculated based on the training TSCI, a time series of training STIs calculated based on the training features, and a time series of training analysis calculated based on the training STI, where the training TSCI of a training radio multipath channel at a training location is obtained during a training period from training radio signals transmitted from a training type 1 device within the training location to a training type 2 device within the training location; and detecting the event of the vehicle by recognizing the feature of the TSCI based on the model.

Clause B26. The method for the vehicle wireless monitoring system described in Clause B23, comprising monitoring at least one of the interior space, exterior space, and structure of the vehicle based on the TSCI, and performing presence detection, presence detection in a storage space, human presence detection, child presence detection, pet presence detection, foreign object presence detection, detection of children left by parents after the vehicle engine is turned off, motion detection, child motion detection, motion recognition, activity recognition, sleep detection, vibration detection, window break detection, breathing detection, driver recognition, vehicle customization based on driver recognition, driver attention monitoring, driver alertness monitoring, driver drowsiness detection, passenger recognition, and passenger presence detection based on the TSCI. The method of the vehicle wireless monitoring system further includes monitoring by performing at least one of passenger location, passenger counting, security monitoring, intrusion detection, intruder detection, intruder presence detection, detection of outsiders reaching the interior of the vehicle through an opening, detection of foreign objects entering the vehicle through an opening, tire pressure monitoring, pedestrian detection, cyclist detection, blind spot monitoring, rear cross traffic detection, lane departure detection, lane keeping detection, lane center detection, parking space detection, parking detection, approach detection, traffic sign recognition, imminent hazard detection, collision avoidance, accident, hit and run, collision of the vehicle with another object, or another monitoring of the interior space.

Clause B27. The method for the vehicle wireless monitoring system described in Clause B26, (1) monitoring the security of the vehicle based on the TSCI, (1a) detecting suspicious activity in the external space, detecting the presence of a moving object, detecting a person approaching the vehicle, detecting a person in the external space loitering around the vehicle, detecting a person in the external space peering into the vehicle through a window, detecting a person in the external space damaging the vehicle, detecting a person breaking into the vehicle, or detecting a person in the external space pushing open a door or window of the vehicle. (1b) monitoring the security of the interior space of the vehicle, including at least one of detecting suspicious activity in the interior space, detecting the presence of a moving object, detecting an outsider reaching inside the vehicle through a window, detecting a foreign object entering the vehicle through a window, intrusion detection, intruder presence detection, intruder tracking, detecting the presence of an intruder in the interior space when the vehicle is parked, detecting the presence of a live object, and detecting the presence of a child or pet in the rear seat, front seat, trunk, or storage space; (1c) monitoring the security of the interior space of the vehicle when the vehicle is parked, including at least one of detecting suspicious activity in the interior space, detecting the presence of a moving object, detecting an outsider reaching inside the vehicle through a window, detecting a foreign object entering the vehicle through a window, intrusion detection, intruder presence detection, intruder tracking, detecting the presence of an intruder in the interior space when the vehicle is parked, detecting the presence of a live object, and detecting the presence of a child or pet in the rear seat, front seat, trunk, or storage space; (2) monitoring the structural security of the vehicle when the vehicle is parked or in motion, including at least one of detecting a window being broken, detecting a door being opened while parked, detecting a hit-and-run while parked, detecting a collision, or detecting structural damage; or (2) monitoring a driver and passengers of the vehicle based on the TSCI, wherein (2a) the monitoring includes driver monitoring, driver presence monitoring, driver identification, driver verification, driver activity monitoring, driver preference monitoring, driver health monitoring, driver vital signs monitoring, and driver respiration monitoring. , driver heart rate monitoring, driver alertness monitoring, driver drowsiness detection, driver distraction detection, driver entry into the vehicle, driver exit from the vehicle; (2b) passenger monitoring, passenger presence detection, infant detection, child detection, pet detection, passenger location, passenger counting, passenger recognition, passenger activity monitoring, passenger preference monitoring, passenger health monitoring, passenger respiratory monitoring, passenger heart rate monitoring, passenger vital sign monitoring, passenger sleep detection, passenger entry into the vehicle, passenger exit from the vehicle; and (2c) driver-passenger interaction monitoring.

Clause B28. The vehicle radio monitoring system of clause B23, wherein starting, stopping, or pausing a subtask of the monitoring task is controlled by arming or disarming the vehicle radio monitoring system, parked or unparked status of the vehicle, stopped or moving status of the vehicle, on or off of the vehicle engine, on or off of the vehicle headlights, brake release or application by the driver of the vehicle, opening or closing of a door, opening or closing of a window, opening or closing of at least one of the driver door, passenger door, vehicle trunk door, vehicle hood cover, luggage compartment door, trailer door, container door, storage space door, and fuel tank cover, driver entry and exit related to opening and closing of the driver door, passenger entry and exit related to opening and closing of the passenger door, entry and exit of a driver's smartphone, entry and exit of a passenger's smartphone, presence or absence of a paired device, pairing or unpairing of a previously paired device, and interaction with a part of the vehicle, wherein the part of the vehicle is a USB port, a cigarette lighter port, an OBD port, a headphone port, an Ethernet port, A method for the vehicle wireless monitoring system including: monitoring a point, a vehicle network or network point, a user interface, a touch-sensitive screen, a button, a lever, a control, an air vent, a radio, a vehicle entertainment system, an air conditioner, a vehicle climate control system, a vehicle communication system, a vehicle Wi-Fi system, a vehicle Bluetooth system, a seat, a window, a door, a cover, a wiper, a light, a mirror, a steering wheel, a wheel, a tire, a moving part of the vehicle, an interaction that is a mounting part of the Type 1 or Type 2 device, a lack of motion in the vehicle for a certain period of time, the presence of motion in the vehicle for a certain period of time, and another condition; pausing a monitoring task when a low activity state is determined in the monitoring task; entering a low power mode; being triggered by a signal to wake up from the low power mode; executing a monitoring task; and if the low activity state is again determined in the monitoring task, pausing the monitoring task again and again entering the low power state.

Clause B29. A Type 1 heterogeneous wireless device of a vehicle wireless monitoring system, comprising: a wireless transmitter; a processor communicatively coupled to the wireless transmitter; a memory communicatively coupled to the processor; and a set of instructions stored in the memory, which, when executed by the processor, cause the Type 1 device at a location to transmit a wireless signal through a wireless multipath channel of the location, the location including a vehicle and the vehicle's immediate vicinity, the wireless signal being received by a Type 2 heterogeneous wireless device of the vehicle wireless monitoring system within the location, the received wireless signal differing from the transmitted wireless signal due to modulation of the wireless multipath channel of the location and by objects moving within the location, a time series of channel information (TSCI) of the wireless multipath channel being obtained based on the received wireless signal, and a monitoring task being performed by monitoring at least one of the vehicle, the object, and the object's movement based on the TSCI.

Clause B30. A vehicle wireless monitoring system including: a Type 1 heterogeneous wireless device within a location configured to transmit a wireless signal over a wireless multipath channel of the location, the location including a vehicle and the vehicle's immediate vicinity; and a Type 2 heterogeneous wireless device within the location configured to: receive the wireless signal over the wireless multipath channel of the location, the received wireless signal differing from the transmitted wireless signal due to modulation of the wireless signal by the wireless multipath channel of the location and an object moving within the location; obtain a time series channel information (TSCI) of the wireless multipath channel based on the received wireless signal; and perform a monitoring task by monitoring at least one of the vehicle, the object, and the object's movement based on the TSCI.

The following numbered sections provide examples for providing automated assistance based on wireless monitoring.

Section C1. A method/system/software/device for a digital assistant system, comprising: transmitting a wireless signal from a type 1 heterogeneous wireless device through a wireless multipath channel of a location, the wireless multipath channel being affected by movement of an object within the location; receiving the wireless signal by a type 2 heterogeneous wireless device through the wireless multipath channel, the received wireless signal being different from the transmitted wireless signal due to the wireless multipath channel of the location; obtaining, using a processor, a memory communicatively coupled to the processor, and a set of instructions stored in the memory, a time series of channel information (TSCI) for the wireless multipath channel based on the received wireless signal; monitoring movement of an object within the location based on the TSCI; and generating assistance for the object within the location based on the monitoring.

Claim C2. The method/system/software/device of the digital assistant system described in paragraph C1, further comprising generating the assistance based on the skills of the system.

In some embodiments, a digital assistant system can detect when a user is exercising to a certain rhythm. A system skill can enable the system to find or suggest upbeat music that matches the user's rhythm. In some embodiments, the system can detect when a user is slowing down and getting sleepy. A system skill can enable the system to do something to keep the user awake, such as increasing speaker volume, playing upbeat background music, having a conversation with the user, controlling an air conditioner or fan to increase or decrease airflow or temperature, or adjusting lights to brighten. In some embodiments, the system can detect when a user is sleeping. A system skill can also enable the system to put home appliances into low-power or standby mode, dim lights, activate a security system, or ensure home or garage doors are closed or locked, etc.

Claim C3. The method/system/software/device of the digital assistant system described in paragraph C2, further comprising actively generating the assistance without a user request.

Claim C4. The method/system/software/device of the digital assistant system described in paragraph C2, further comprising generating the assistance based on a user request.

Claim C5. The method/system/software/device of the digital assistant system described in paragraph C2, further including acquiring new skills for the system and generating new assistance based on the new skills for the system.

Claim C6. The method/system/software/device of the digital assistant system described in paragraph C2, further comprising updating the skills of the system.

Claim C7. The method/system/software/device of the digital assistant system described in paragraph C2, further comprising installing the skill of the system.

Claim C8. The method/system/software/device of the digital assistant system described in paragraph C2, wherein the assistance is associated with another device and further includes controlling the other device based on the skill.

Claim C9. The method/system/software/device of the digital assistant system described in paragraph C2, wherein the assistance is associated with a service of another device and further includes controlling the service of the other device based on the skill.

Clause C10. A method/system/software/device of the digital assistant system described in clause C1, comprising checking at least one of an information source, an information service, a digital service, a skill store, a service store, an information store, an information provider, a service provider, a skill provider, an information hub, an information server, a cloud server, a fog server, an edge server, a local server, a hub device, information requested by a user of the system, information of interest to the user, weather information, news, news relevant to the user, a daily news briefing, a user's to-do list, a user's calendar, a user's upcoming events, events of interest to the user, a user's connection account, a user's phone messages, a user's email account, a user's messaging account, information of another user associated with the user, information associated with movements, and another information related to the user; and and tuning in to at least one of a smart system, smart device, smart service, lighting system, speaker system, air conditioning system, heating system, hot water system, ventilation system, entertainment system, music system, recording system, home security system, sound system, media system, haptic system, scent, odor, taste, augmented presence system, virtual reality system, background music, camera, video recorder, another sensor, lamp, radio, television, appliance, device, equipment, fixture, oven, stove, coffee machine, microwave, car, garage, door, window, curtain, blind, computer, monitor, printer, and other smart device, and controlling at least one of service settings, lighting settings, light source, brightness, color, animation, sign, symbol, lighting effect, audio setting, speaker setting, volume, sound effect, music genre, background music, brightness setting, temperature setting, fan speed, flow setting, haptic setting, and other setting. and presenting at least one of a standard message, a scripted message, a dynamically generated message, a message generated based on the monitoring of the movement of the object, an interactive message, an audible message, a voice message, a text-to-speech message, a visual message, a text message, an animated message, a greeting message, a welcome message, a report, a briefing, a daily briefing, a periodic briefing, a timed briefing, news, headlines, trending news, news of interest, music, media, a reminder, a reminder associated with at least one of a user's calendar, a user's to-do list, and another user's calendar, a status report, a home status, an office status, a building status, an equipment status, a user's movement status, a movement analysis, a historical record of a user's analysis, a historical user's analysis, a user trend, a location status, an alert, an alarm, a verbal alert, an audible alert, a visual alert, an animated alert, a summary, and other presentations on the smart device. The digital assistant system method/system/software/device further includes presenting at least one of a smart device with a speaker, a smart device with a display, a smart device with a user interface (UI), a network device, a Wi-Fi enabled device, a 4G enabled device, a 5G enabled device, a 6G enabled device, a 7G enabled device, a Bluetooth enabled device, a BLE enabled device, a Zigbee enabled device, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a smartphone, a tablet, a speaker, a television, a thermostat, a watch, glasses, an accessory, a haptic device, a remote device, a supervisor device, a caregiver device, an emergency device, and another device, and generating assistance based on at least one of downloading a skill, acquiring a skill, installing a skill, adopting a skill, optimizing a skill, applying a skill, updating a skill, learning a skill, training a skill, developing a skill, and other actions.

Claim C11. The method/system/software/device of the digital assistant system described in Clause C1, further comprising generating the assistance based on at least one of the location, presence, proximity, movement, hazard, and behavior of the object within the location.

Claim C12. The method/system/software/device of the digital assistant system described in paragraph C11, further comprising generating a message based on at least one of the location, presence, proximity, movement, danger, and behavior of the object within the location.

Claim C13. The method/system/software/device of a digital assistance system described in paragraph C12, wherein the message includes at least one of a welcome message, a warning message, an affirmative message, an information message, a dialogue message, a probe message, a question, and a message with multiple options.

Claim C14. The method/system/software/device of the digital assistant system described in Clause C11, further comprising calculating at least one of the location, presence, proximity, movement, danger, and behavior of the object within the location based on the TSCI.

Claim C15. The method/place/software/device of the digital assistant system described in paragraph C1, further comprising generating the assistance based on at least one of the identity, state, sleep quality, breathing rate, heart rate, vital signs, and daily routine of the object within the place.

Claim C16. The method/system/software/device of the digital assistant system described in paragraph C15, further comprising generating a message based on at least one of the identity, status, sleep quality, breathing rate, heart rate, vital signs, and daily routine of the object within the location.

Claim C17. The method/system/software/device of a digital assistance system described in paragraph C16, wherein the message includes at least one of a welcome message, a warning message, an affirmative message, an information message, a dialogue message, a probe message, a question, and a message with multiple options.

Claim C18. The method/system/software/device of the digital assistant system described in paragraph C15, further comprising calculating at least one of the identity, state, sleep quality, breathing rate, heart rate, vital signs, and daily routine of the object at the location based on the TSCI.

Clause C19. The method/system/software/device of the digital assistant system described in Clause C1, further comprising: two or more Type 1 devices are present, each transmitting a respective wireless signal through a respective wireless multipath channel; the method/system/software/device jointly monitors the movement of the object within the location based on two or more TSCIs, each TSCI being obtained based on the respective wireless signals received by the Type 2 device; and jointly generating the assistance based on the joint monitoring.

Clause C20. The method/system/software/device of the digital assistant type 2 device described in clause C1, further including: there being two or more type 2 devices each receiving the wireless signal via the wireless multipath channel; jointly monitoring the movement of the object within the location based on two or more TSCIs, each TSCI being obtained based on the wireless signal received by the respective type 2 device; and generating the assistance jointly based on the monitoring.

Claim C21. The method/system/software/device of the digital assistant system described in paragraph C1, wherein the Type 2 device includes the Type 1 device.

Clause C22. The method/system/software/device of the digital assistant system described in Clause C1, wherein the object is at least one of a living person, a pet, an animal, a mobile device, a mobile platform, a robot, a drone, and an automated guided vehicle (AGV), and further includes monitoring the security of the location, monitoring whether the object is an illegitimate user, a fraudulent user, an intruder, a thief, a legitimate user, an authenticated user, a registered user, a recognizable user, an authorized user, a user capable of communication, a user capable of verbal communication, or another type of user.

Claim C23. The method/system/software/device of the digital assistant system described in Clause C1, further including: communicating with the object based on the monitoring of the object's movement; recognizing that the object is at least one of a legitimate user, a valid user, a registered user, a recognizable user, an authorized user, an illegitimate user, a fraudulent user, an intruder, and a thief; and customizing assistance based on the recognition.

Section C24. The method/system/software/device for a digital assistant system described in Clause C1 further includes communicating a probe query to the object based on at least one of the monitoring of the object's movement, a predetermined communication mechanism for user verification, user data, a user challenge, a user probe, a predetermined script, a query generation system, a dialogue system, a password check, two-factor authentication, two-step authentication, multi-factor authentication, and multi-step authentication, and recognizing the object based on at least one of a response from the object, a response to the query, a verbal response, a gesture response, a movement response, a motor response, the timing of the response, the pace of the response, punctuation of the response, biometric authentication associated with the response, a voice signature associated with the verbal response, a gesture gesture, a movement signature, a signature movement, the structure of the response, prosodic characteristics associated with the verbal response, a grammatical structure associated with the response, a gesture associated with a gesture response, a movement associated with the movement response, a movement associated with a movement response, a successful response to a query, a failure to respond to a query, and a lack of response.

Clause C25. The wireless signal is a wireless local area network (WLAN) signal, a WWAN signal, a WPAN signal, a WBAN signal, a Wi-Fi signal, a Wi-Fi 4/5/6/7/8 system, an IEEE 802.11 signal, an IEEE 802.11n/ac/ax/be signal, a cellular communication signal, a 3G/4G/LTE/5G/6G/7G/8G signal, an IEEE 802.15 signal, an IEEE 802.16 signal, a Bluetooth signal, or a Bluetooth Low Energy The method/system/software/device of the digital assistant system described in clause C1 includes at least one of a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) signal, an RFID signal, a Zigbee signal, an UWB signal, a WiMax signal, a unicast signal, a multicast signal, a broadcast signal, a laser signal, a LIDAR signal, a radar signal, an optical signal, an infrared signal, an ultraviolet signal, an acoustic signal, an ultrasonic signal, a radio signal, an electromagnetic (EM) wave, a microwave signal, a millimeter wave (mmWave) signal, a radio frequency (RF) signal with a carrier frequency higher than 100 kHz, and another wireless signal.

Item C26. The method/system/software/device of the digital assistant system described in Item C1 monitors the movement of the object based on at least one of target detection, recognition, training, verification, classification, monitoring, tracking, counting, locating, localizing, navigating, guidance, filtering, processing, pre-processing, post-processing, modification, activation, access, application, analysis, inference, estimation, observation, summarization, judgment, and conclusion, and calculating at least one of target appearance, co-occurrence, relationship, analysis, parameter, characteristic, feature, expression, frequency, trend, statistic, state, status, stage, condition, situation, indicator, transition, change, timing, classification, and information, wherein the target is an intruder, a human, a user, a person, a child, an infant, an elderly person, a patient, a pet, an animal, an object, a material, a tool, a machine, a device, a vehicle, an automobile, a malfunction, a failure, a movement, a movement sequence, Event, presence, proximity, activity, daily activity, behavior, decrease, history, trend, variability, change, regularity, irregularity, repetition, periodic motion, repetitive motion, static motion, cyclostationary motion, regular motion, breathing, heartbeat, vital signs, gait, vibration, and at least one of body part, hand, elbow, arm, leg, foot, extremity, head, waist, wrist, eye, characteristic, period, characteristic, at least one of walking, running, movement, locomotion, activity, human-machine interaction, transient motion, impulsive motion, sudden motion, fall, danger, life threat, window breakage, user interaction The method, system, software, or device for a digital assistant system includes at least one of: a user's interface, gestures, hand signs, handwriting, keystrokes, facial expressions, facial features, emotions, physical features, body language, dance movements, rhythmic movements, periodic movements, health, well-being, health status, sleep, sleep stages, biometrics, security, safety, intrusion, events, suspicious events, suspicious movements, alarms, alerts, sirens, location, distance, speed, acceleration, angle, angular velocity, angular acceleration, localization, maps, geometric estimation, map learning, energy management, power transfer, wireless power transfer, machine learning, supervised learning, unsupervised learning, semi-supervised learning, clustering, feature extraction, characterizing training, principal component analysis, eigendecomposition, frequency decomposition, time decomposition, time-frequency decomposition, function decomposition, other decomposition, training, discriminative training, supervised training, unsupervised training, semi-supervised training, neural networks, augmented reality, wireless communication, data communication, signal broadcasting, networking, coordination, management, encryption, protection, cloud computing, and other targets.

Clause C27. The method/system/software/device of the digital assistant system described in Clause C1, including associating an event with a feature of the TSCI and detecting the event by recognizing the feature of the TSCI.

Clause C28. The events include all entrance and exit doors closed, front door partially open, front door fully open, rear door partially open, rear system fully open, two or more entrance and exit devices open, garage door closed, garage door partially open, garage door fully open, all windows closed, one window partially open, one window fully open, one specific window partially open, one specific window fully open, some windows open, a specific number of windows open, house with no movement, movement within the house, movement in the entrance area, movement in the kitchen, movement in the dining room, movement in the living room, movement in the first restroom, movement in the second restroom, movement in the first bedroom, movement in the second bedroom, movement on the first floor, movement on the second floor, movement in the basement, movement on the stairs, entrance, entry through the garage, entry through the front door The method/system/software/device of the digital assistant system described in paragraph C27 includes at least one of: entry, entry through the back door, daily activity, typical activity, atypical activity, regular activity, irregular activity, normal activity, abnormal activity, danger, fall, exit, exit through the garage, exit through the front door, exit through the back door, suspicious exit, suspicious behavior, suspicious activity, a user sleeping in the first bedroom, the user in the first bedroom sleeping in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, the user in the first bedroom sleeping in non-REM (NREM) sleep, the user in the first bedroom waking up from sleep, a user cooking in the kitchen, a user watching TV in the living room, a user doing homework in the second bedroom, and another event.

Claim C29. The method/system/software/device of the digital assistant system described in paragraph C27, comprising training a model of the features of the TSCI associated with the event, and detecting the event based on the model.

Clause C30. The method/system/software/device of the digital assistant system described in Clause C29, including training the model based on training TSCI collected during training in which the event occurs.

Claim C31. The method/system/software/device of the digital assistant system described in paragraph C1, which includes monitoring the movement of the object using at least one of a regular monitoring setting with normal functionality in a regular mode, a high alert monitoring setting with high functionality in a high alert mode, a maximum monitoring setting with maximum functionality in a maximum alert mode, a low monitoring setting with reduced functionality in a low alert mode, and a standby monitoring setting with minimal functionality in a power saving mode.

Claim C32. The method/system/software/device of the digital assistant system described in paragraph C31, wherein the monitoring settings include at least one of signaling settings, signal settings, channel settings, bandwidth settings, channel switching settings, timing settings, signal strength settings, channel information function settings, monitoring algorithm settings, monitoring sensitivity settings, processor settings, memory settings, software settings, priority settings, hardware acceleration settings, clock settings, synchronization settings, network settings, power settings, thermal management settings, settings for the Type 1 device, settings for the Type 2 device, settings for the wireless signal, settings for the wireless multipath channel, settings for acquiring the TSCI, and settings for monitoring the movement of the object.

Claim C33. A method/system/software/device of a digital assistant system described in paragraph C31, including changing from at least one of a low alert mode and a power saving mode to a normal mode based on the detection of motion.

Claim C34. The method/system/software/device of the digital assistant system described in paragraph C31, which includes changing to at least one of the normal mode, the low alert mode, and the high alert mode based on user selection.

Claim C35. The method/system/software/device of the digital assistant system described in paragraph C31, including changing to the power saving mode based on a prolonged period of inactivity.

Claim C36. The method/system/software/device of the digital assistant system described in paragraph C31, which includes changing to at least one of the high alert mode and the maximum alert mode based on the detection of at least one of a danger, an intrusion, a fall, and another significant event.

The following numbered sections provide examples of power supply designs for wireless monitoring systems or devices.

Section D1. A method/system/software/device for a wireless monitoring system, comprising: transmitting a wireless signal from a Type 1 heterogeneous wireless device through a wireless multipath channel of a location, the wireless multipath channel being affected by the movement of objects within the location; receiving the wireless signal by a Type 2 heterogeneous wireless device through the wireless multipath channel, the received wireless signal being different from the transmitted wireless signal due to the wireless multipath channel of the location; obtaining, using a processor, a memory communicatively coupled to the processor, and a set of instructions stored in the memory, a time series of channel information (TSCI) for the wireless multipath channel based on the received wireless signal; and monitoring the movement of the object within the location based on the TSCI, wherein at least one of the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device is attached to an accessory.

Item D2. The wireless monitoring system method/system/software/device described in Item D1, wherein the accessory does not have a power source.

Item D3. The wireless monitoring system method/system/software/device described in Item D1, wherein the device attached to the accessory is powered by connecting it to a power cord connected to a power plug with protruding pins that is inserted into a power outlet of a power source, and the accessory houses at least one of the device, the power cord, the power plug, and a special space-saving short power cord.

Item D4. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in Item D3, wherein the power plug includes a conversion means for converting alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC).

Item D5. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in Item D3, wherein the power plug includes a computer bus socket and the power cord includes a computer bus plug for connecting to the computer bus socket of the power plug.

Item D6. The wireless monitoring system method/system/software/device described in Item D5, wherein the power is transmitted over at least one power pin of the computer bus.

Item D7. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in Item D3, wherein the power plug includes a USB socket and the power cord includes a USB plug for connecting to the USB socket of the power plug.

Item D8. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in Item D3, wherein the power plug includes a firewire socket and the power cord includes a firewire plug for connecting to the firewire socket of the power plug.

Item D9. The method/system/software/device for a wireless monitoring system described in Item D3, wherein the power plug includes a Lightning socket and the power cord includes a Lightning plug that connects to the Lightning socket of the power plug.

Item D10. The method/system/software/device of a wireless monitoring system described in Item D3, wherein the device includes a computer bus socket and the power cord includes a computer bus plug for connecting to the computer bus socket of the device.

Item D11. A method/system/software/device of a wireless monitoring system described in Item D10, wherein power is transmitted over at least one power pin of the computer bus.

Item D12. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in Item D3, wherein the device includes a USB socket and the power cord includes a USB plug for connecting to the USB socket of the device.

Item D13. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in Item D3, wherein the device includes a firewire socket and the power cord includes a firewire plug for connecting to the firewire socket of the device.

Item D14. The method/system/software/device for a wireless monitoring system described in Item D3, wherein the device includes a Lightning socket and the power cord includes an r3 power plug that connects to the Lightning socket on the device.

Claim D15. The method/system/software/device of a wireless monitoring system described in paragraph D3, wherein the power plug has a port for receiving a replaceable part selected from a set of replaceable parts conforming to a common set of standards, each replaceable part having a respective number of protruding pins arranged and shaped according to the respective standard.

Section D16. The method/system/software/device for a wireless monitoring system described in Section D15, wherein the set of common standards includes at least one of AU standards, Chinese standards, EU standards, IT standards, IN standards, UK standards, US standards, International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards, IEC Type A, Type B, Type C, Type D, Type E, Type F, Type G, Type H, Type I, Type J, Type K, Type L, Type M, Type N, and other standards. In some embodiments, the set of common standards is Type I for Australia, Type A, C, and I for China, Type C or F for EU, Type C, F, and L for Italy, Type C, D, and M for India, Type G for UK, and Type A or B for US.

Item D17. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system of Item D3, wherein the device, the power plug, and the power cord are housed in the accessory so that the protruding pins of the power plug are exposed and can be inserted into the power outlet of the power source.

Item D18. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in Item D17, wherein the power cord is replaced by the special space-saving short power cord to save space within the enclosure.

Item D19. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in Item D17, wherein the housing has a cord management function for organizing the power cord so that the power cord is organized when the housing is at least partially housed within the housing.

Item D20. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in Item D17, wherein the power plug, when inserted into the power socket, supports the weight of the device, the power plug, and the accessory housing the power cord.

Item D21. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in Item D3, wherein the housing allows the power plugs to be positioned relative to one another in two or more user-selectable ways.

Item D22. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in Item D3, wherein the housing allows the power plug to be positioned relative to the housing in one of a horizontal and a vertical direction.

Item D23. The wireless monitoring system method/system/software/device described in Item D3, wherein the housing allows the accessories and devices housed therein to be positioned relative to one another in two or more user-selectable ways.

Item D24. The wireless monitoring system method/system/software/device described in Item D3, wherein the housing allows the accessories and devices housed therein to be positioned relative to one another in one of a horizontal and a vertical direction.

Item D25. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in Item D1, wherein at least one of the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device is attached to the accessory based on at least one of a locking mechanism, a bayonet coupling, a screw coupling, a push-pull coupling, a release coupling, a push-and-press-release coupling, a screw-locked coupling, a push-and-push lock coupling, a magnetic coupling, an electromagnet, a magnet, a detachable mechanism, a detachable mechanism, a link mechanism, a binding mechanism, a coupling, a connector, a mechanical holder, a suction mechanism, a sucker, a peg, a clip, a staple, a ring, a pin, a hook, a loop, a snap-lock hook, a snap-on hook, a bracket, a hanger, a mount, a chain, a track and trolley, a screw, a nut and screw, a nut and bolt, a hook-and-loop fastener, a Velcro fastener, a pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA), a self-adhesive tape, a sticky tape, a double-sided sticky tape, an adhesive tape, a fastener, a dual-lock fastener, a self-mating fastener, a reclosable fastener, resting on top by at least one of gravity, weight, and friction, and another connection mechanism.

Claim D26. The method/system/software/device for a wireless monitoring system described in paragraph D3, wherein the accessory includes a protruding pin of the power plug of the device that is inserted into the power socket of the power supply, a base structure of the accessory that is placed on a surface, a locking mechanism, and a bayonet coupling, a screw coupling, a push-pull coupling, a release coupling, a push-press release coupling, a coupling that is locked by a screw, a push-push lock coupling, a magnetic coupling, an electromagnet, a magnet, an attachment/detachment mechanism, a detachment mechanism, a link mechanism, a binding mechanism, a coupling, a connector, a mechanical holder, an adsorption mechanism, a suction cup, a peg, a clip, a staple, a ring, a pin, a hook, a loop, a snap-lock hooks, snap-on hooks, brackets, hangers, mounts, chains, tracks and trolleys, screws, nuts and bolts, hook and loop fasteners, Velcro, adhesives, pressure sensitive adhesives (PSA), self-adhesive tapes, sticky tapes, double-sided sticky tapes, adhesive tapes, fasteners, dual locking fasteners, self-mating fasteners, reclosable fasteners, methods/systems/software/devices that attach to at least one of a surface, another object, and another device based on at least one of gravity, weight, friction, resting thereon, and another attachment mechanism.

Claim D27. The method/system/software/device of the wireless surveillance system described in paragraph D26, wherein the surface includes at least one of a structural surface, a decorative surface, an exterior surface, an interior surface, a wood surface, a metal surface, a glass surface, a plastic surface, a rubber surface, a fabric, a leather surface, a rock surface, a concrete surface, a cement surface, a structural material surface, a tree, a vegetation, a lamp post, a mailbox, a fence, a board, a pillar, a frame, a staircase, a wall, an exterior wall, an interior wall, a door, a door frame, a window, a ceiling, a floor, a platform, a patio, a desk top, a table top, a countertop, an appliance surface, a refrigerator surface, a shelf surface, a rigid surface, a semi-rigid surface, a non-rigid surface, a hard surface, a soft surface, a non-movable surface, a movable surface, and other surfaces.

Clause D28. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in Clause D3 includes an accessory that houses at least one of the device, the power cord, the power plug, and the special space-saving short power cord using at least one of a frame, case, casing, rigid casing, soft case, cavity, enclosure, housing, container, holder, sheath, jacket, connector, capsule, outer skin, shell, skin, cover, structure, socket, and another housing structure.

Item D29. A method/system/software/device for a wireless monitoring system described in Item D28, in which at least one of a frame, case, casing, hard casing, soft casing, cavity, enclosure, housing, container, holder, sheath, jacket, connector, capsule, outer skin, shell, skin, cover, structure, socket, and another housing structure is formed based on the shape of at least one of a device, a power cord, a power plug, and a dedicated space-saving short power cord.

Clause D30. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in Clause D28, wherein at least one of the frame, case, casing, rigid casing, soft casing, cavity, enclosure, housing, container, holder, sheath, jacket, connector, capsule, outer skin, shell, skin, cover, structure, socket, and another housing structure has a form factor, size, dimensions, weight distribution, and shape based on at least one of the corresponding form factor, corresponding size, corresponding dimensions, corresponding weight distribution, and corresponding shape of at least one of the device, the power cord, the power plug, and the special space-saving short power cord.

Item D31. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in Item D3, in which the accessory houses the device rather than the power plug, the accessory has at least one of an opening and a space through which the power cord is connected to the device, and the power plug connected to the power cord is separate from the accessory and is inserted into the power socket of the power source.

Claim D32. The method/system/software/device of a wireless monitoring system described in paragraph D27, wherein the accessory has at least one structural feature that allows the accessory and the device housed therein to have a plurality of user-selectable mounting positions when mounted on the surface.

Claim D33. The method/system/software/device of a wireless monitoring system described in paragraph D27, wherein the accessory has at least one flat accessory surface such that the accessory and the device housed therein have a plurality of user-selectable resting positions when resting on the surface.

Clause D34. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in Clause D1, wherein the accessory has a power source including at least one of an AC power source, a DC power source, the device, a single-use power source, a reusable power source, a rechargeable power source, a battery, a rechargeable battery, a non-rechargeable battery, a replaceable battery, an irreplaceable battery, a solar power source, a solar panel, a chemical power source, thermal energy storage, a capacitor, an inductor, a flywheel, a generator, compressed air, energy storage, and another power source.

Item D35. The wireless monitoring system method/system/software/device of Item D34, wherein the device, when not attached to the accessory, is powered by connecting to a device power cord connected to a device power plug with protruding pins that insert into a power outlet of a power source; when the device is attached to the accessory, the device is powered by connecting to at least one of the device power cord and a special, space-saving device power cord connected to the accessory, the accessory being an accessory that houses at least one of the device, the device power cord, the device power plug, and the special, space-saving, short device power cord. Item D35. The wireless monitoring system method/system/software/device of Item D34, wherein the device, when not attached to the accessory, is powered by connecting to at least one of the device power cord and a special, space-saving, short device power cord that connects to the accessory; and when the device is attached to the accessory, the device is powered by connecting to at least one of the device power cord and a special, space-saving, short device power cord that connects to the accessory. Item D35. The wireless monitoring system method/system/software/device of Item D34, wherein the device, when not attached to the accessory, is powered by connecting to at least one of the device power cord and a special, space-saving, short device power cord that connects to the accessory; the accessory is an accessory that houses at least one of the device, the device power cord, the device power plug, and the special, space-saving, short device power cord. Item D35. The wireless monitoring system method/system/software/device of Item D34, wherein the device, when not attached to the accessory, is powered by connecting to at least one of the device power cord and a special, space-saving, short device power cord that connects to the accessory; The protruding pins support the weight of the accessory (storing the device together).

Item D36. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in Item D35, wherein the accessory has an AC power source and is powered by connecting to an accessory power cord that connects to an accessory power plug with a protruding pin that is inserted into a power outlet of the AC power source.

Item D37. The wireless monitoring system method/system/software/device described in Item D36, wherein the accessory power plug includes a conversion means for converting alternating current to direct current.

Item D38. The wireless monitoring system method/accessory/software/device described in Item D36, wherein the accessory power plug includes a computer bus socket, and the accessory power cord includes a computer bus plug that connects to the computer bus socket of the accessory power plug.

Item D39. A method/system/software/device for a wireless monitoring system according to Item D38, wherein power is transmitted over at least one power pin of the computer bus.

Item D40. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in Item D36, wherein the accessory power plug includes a USB socket and the accessory power cord includes a USB plug for connecting to the USB socket of the accessory power plug.

Item D41. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in Item D36, wherein the accessory power plug includes a firewire socket and the accessory power cord includes a firewire plug for connecting to the firewire socket of the accessory power plug.

Item D42. The method/system/software/device for a wireless monitoring system described in Item D36, wherein the accessory power plug includes a Lightning socket and the accessory power cord includes a Lightning plug that connects to the Lightning socket of the accessory power plug.

Item D43. The wireless monitoring system method/accessory/software/device described in Item D36, wherein the accessory includes a computer bus socket and the accessory power cord includes a computer bus plug that connects to the computer bus socket of the accessory.

Item D44. A method/system/software/device of a wireless monitoring system described in Item D43, wherein power is transmitted over at least one power pin of the computer bus.

Item D45. The method/system/software/device of a wireless monitoring system described in Item D36, wherein the accessory includes a USB socket and the accessory power cord includes a USB plug that connects to the USB socket of the accessory.

Item D46. A method/system/software/device for a wireless monitoring system described in Item D36, wherein the accessory includes a firewire socket and the accessory power cord includes a firewire plug for connecting to the firewire socket of the accessory.

Item D47. The method/system/software/device for a wireless monitoring system described in Item D36, wherein the accessory includes a Lightning socket and the accessory power cord includes a Lightning plug that connects to the Lightning socket of the accessory.

Claim D48. The method/standard/software/device of a wireless monitoring system described in paragraph D36, wherein the accessory power plug has a port for receiving a replaceable part selected from a set of replaceable parts conforming to a common set of standards, each replaceable part having a respective number of protruding pins arranged and shaped according to the respective standard.

Clause D49. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system of clause D48, wherein the common set of standards includes at least one of AU standards, Chinese standards, EU standards, IT standards, IN standards, UK standards, US standards, International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards, IEC Type A, Type B, Type C, Type D, Type E, Type F, Type G, Type H, Type I, Type J, Type K, Type L, Type M, Type N, and another standard.

Item D50. A method/system/software/device of a wireless monitoring system described in Item D36, in which the accessory is attached to at least one of a surface, another object, and another device based on a connection mechanism.

Item D51. A method/system/software/device for a wireless monitoring system described in Item D36, in which the accessory power plug is attachable to the accessory based on a connection mechanism.

Claim D52. The method/system/software/device for a wireless monitoring system according to paragraph D51, wherein the attachment mechanism includes at least one of a locking mechanism, a bayonet coupling, a screw coupling, a push-pull coupling, a release coupling, a push-press release coupling, a screw lock type, a push-in/push-in lock coupling, a magnetic coupling, an electromagnet, a magnet, a detachable mechanism, a detachable mechanism, a link mechanism, a binding mechanism, a coupling, a connector, a mechanical holder, a suction mechanism, a sucker, a peg, a clip, a staple, a ring, a pin, a hook, a loop, a snap lock hook, a snap-on hook, a bracket, a hanger, a mount, a chain, a track and trolley, a screw, a nut and screw, a nut and bolt, a hook-and-loop fastener, a Velcro fastener, an adhesive, a pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA), a self-adhesive tape, a sticky tape, a double-sided sticky tape, an adhesive tape, a fastener, a dual lock fastener, a self-mating fastener, a reclosable fastener, a fastener held on by at least one of gravity, weight, and friction, and another attachment mechanism.

Claim D53. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in paragraph D51, wherein when the accessory power plug is attached to the accessory, the accessory is powered by connecting the accessory to the accessory power plug using at least one of the accessory power cord, a special space-saving short accessory power cord, a direct connector on the accessory, and a direct connector on the accessory power plug.

Item D54. The wireless monitoring system method/system/software/device described in Item D53, wherein the accessory has a cord management function for organizing the accessory power cord so that the accessory power cord is organized when the accessory power plug is attached to the accessory.

Item D55. A method/accessory/software/device for a wireless monitoring system described in Item D53, wherein the direct connector on the accessory is covered when the accessory power plug is removed from the accessory, and the direct connector on the accessory is exposed when the accessory power plug is attached to the accessory.

Item D56. A method/system/software/device for a wireless monitoring system as described in Item D55, wherein the cover of the direct connector on the accessory is opened based on an automatic mechanism when the accessory power plug is attached to the accessory, and the cover is closed based on the automatic mechanism when the accessory power plug is removed from the accessory.

Item D57. A method/system/software/device for a wireless monitoring system described in Item D55, in which the cover of the direct connector on the accessory opens based on a manual mechanism when the user activates the manual mechanism, and the cover closes based on the manual mechanism when the user deactivates the manual mechanism.

Item D58. A method/accessory/software/device for a wireless monitoring system described in Item D53, wherein the direct connector on the accessory power plug is covered when the accessory power plug is removed from the accessory, and the direct connector on the accessory power plug is exposed when the accessory power plug is attached to the accessory.

Item D59. A method/system/software/device for a wireless monitoring system described in Item D58, in which the cover of the direct connector on the accessory power plug is opened based on an automatic mechanism when the accessory power plug is attached to the accessory, and the cover is closed based on the automatic mechanism when the accessory power plug is removed from the accessory.

Item D60. A method/system/software/device for a wireless monitoring system as described in Item D58, in which the cover of the direct connector on the accessory power plug opens based on a manual mechanism when the user activates the manual mechanism, and the cover closes based on the manual mechanism when the user deactivates the manual mechanism.

Item D61. The wireless monitoring system method/system/software/device described in Item D51, wherein the accessory power plug is attached to the accessory in multiple ways.

Item D62. The wireless monitoring system method/system/software/device of Item D51, wherein the accessory power plug is attached to the accessory in a plurality of ways such that the accessory and the accessory power plug can be positioned relative to each other in a plurality of user-selectable ways.

Item D63. The wireless monitoring system method/system/software/device of Item D51, wherein the accessory power plug is attached to the accessory in a number of ways such that the accessory and the accessory power plug are positioned relative to each other in one of a horizontal and a vertical orientation.

Claim D64. The wireless monitoring system method/system/software/device described in paragraph D51, wherein the accessory attached to the accessory power plug is attached to at least one of a surface, another object, and another device by inserting the protruding pin of the accessory power plug into the power socket of the power source on the surface.

Claim D65. The method/system/software/device of a wireless surveillance system described in paragraph D64, wherein the surface includes at least one of a structural surface, a decorative surface, an exterior surface, an interior surface, a wood surface, a metal surface, a glass surface, a plastic surface, a rubber surface, a fabric, a leather surface, a rock surface, a concrete surface, a cement surface, a surface of a structural material, a tree, vegetation, a lamp post, a mailbox, a fence, a board, a pillar, a frame, a staircase, a wall, an exterior wall, an interior wall, a door, a door frame, a window, a ceiling, a floor, a platform, a patio, a desk, a tabletop, a countertop, an appliance surface, a refrigerator surface, a shelf surface, a rigid surface, a semi-rigid surface, a non-rigid surface, a hard surface, a soft surface, a non-movable surface, a movable surface, and other surfaces.

Claim D66. A method/system/software/device of a wireless monitoring system described in paragraph D51, including an accessory that receives an accessory power plug using at least one of a frame, case, casing, rigid casing, soft casing, cavity, enclosure, housing, container, holder, sheath, jacket, connector, capsule, outer skin, shell, skin, cover, structure, socket, and another housing structure.

Item D67. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in Item D66, wherein at least one of a frame, case, casing, rigid casing, soft casing, cavity, enclosure, housing, container, holder, sheath, jacket, connector, capsule, outer skin, shell, skin, cover, structure, socket, and another housing structure is formed based on the shape of the accessory power plug.

Claim D68. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in paragraph D66, wherein the frame, case, casing, rigid casing, soft casing, cavity, enclosure, housing, container, holder, sheath, jacket, connector, capsule, outer skin, shell, skin, covering, structure, socket, and other housing structure include at least one of a form factor, size, dimensions, weight distribution, and shape based on at least one of a corresponding form factor, corresponding size, corresponding magnitude, corresponding dimensions, corresponding weight distribution, and corresponding shape of the accessory power plug.

Item D69. The method/system/software/device of a wireless monitoring system described in Item D51, wherein, when inserted into the power outlet, the accessory power plug supports the weight of the accessory housing the device.

Item D70. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in Item D34, wherein the accessory has an AC power source, the accessory includes an integrated accessory power plug with protruding pins, and the accessory is powered by inserting the protruding pins of the integrated accessory power plug into the power socket of the AC power source.

Item D71. The wireless monitoring system method/system/software/device described in Item D70, in which the integrated accessory power plug supports the weight of the accessory housing the device by inserting the protruding pin into the power socket.

Item D72. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in Item D70, wherein the protruding pin of the integrated accessory power plug is retractable.

Claim D73. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in paragraph D72, wherein when a user activates a manual mechanism, the retractable protruding pin of the integrated accessory power plug is exposed based on the manual mechanism, and when the user deactivates the manual mechanism, the protruding pin is retracted based on the manual mechanism.

Claim D74. The method/device/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in paragraph D70, wherein the accessory is attached to at least one of the surface, the other object, and the other device by inserting the protruding pin of the integrated accessory power plug into the power outlet of the power source on the surface, the other object, and the other device.

Claim D75. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in paragraph D70, wherein the integrated accessory power plug and at least one of the protruding pins of the integrated accessory power plug have two or more configurations such that the accessory has two or more configurations.

Item D76. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in Item D75, wherein the two or more arrangements of the accessory are manually selected by a user based on a manual selection mechanism.

Item D77. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in Item D75, wherein the two or more positions of the accessory include a horizontal position and a vertical position.

Item D78. The wireless monitoring system method/system/software/device described in Item D70, wherein the device attached to the accessory is powered by electrically connecting to the accessory and receiving power from the accessory based on at least one of the device's power cord and a special, space-saving, short power cord.

Clause D79. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in clause 70, wherein the accessory uses at least one of a frame, case, casing, rigid casing, soft casing, cavity, enclosure, housing, container, holder, sheath, jacket, connector, capsule, outer skin, shell, skin, covering, structure, socket, and another housing structure to house at least one of the device, the device power cord of the device, the device power plug of the system, and a special space-saving short device power cord.

Item D80. The method/device/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in Item D79, wherein at least one of a frame, case, casing, rigid casing, soft casing, cavity, enclosure, housing, container, holder, sheath, jacket, connector, capsule, outer skin, shell, skin, cover, structure, socket, and another structure is formed based on the shape of at least one of the device, the device power cord, the device power plug, and the special space-saving short device power cord.

Claim D81. The method/system/software/device of a wireless monitoring system described in paragraph D79, wherein at least one of a frame, case, casing, rigid casing, soft casing, cavity, enclosure, housing, container, holder, sheath, jacket, connector, capsule, outer skin, shell, skin, covering, structure, socket, and another structure has at least one of a form factor, size, weight distribution, and shape based on at least one of a corresponding form factor, corresponding size, corresponding dimensions, corresponding weight distribution, and corresponding shape of at least one of the device, the device power cord, the device power plug, and the special space-saving short device power cord.

Item D82. A method/system/software/device for a wireless monitoring system described in Item D70, wherein the integrated accessory power plug is detachable.

Claim D83. The method/system/software/device of a wireless monitoring system described in paragraph D82, wherein the detachable integrated accessory power plug includes a standalone power plug connected to an accessory power cord connected to the accessory.

Item D84. A method/system/software/device of a wireless monitoring system described in Item D82, in which the stand-alone accessory power plug has a conversion means for converting alternating current to direct current.

Item D85. A method/system/software/device for a wireless monitoring system described in Item D70, wherein the integrated accessory power plug is replaceable.

Item D86. A method/system/software/device of a wireless monitoring system described in Item D85, in which the integrated accessory power plug is replaced by a detachable accessory power plug connected to an accessory power cord connected to the accessory.

Claim D87. The method/accessory/software/device of a wireless monitoring system described in paragraph D70, wherein the accessory has a locking port for a replaceable part, and the integrated accessory power plug has a locking structure that engages with the locking port so that the integrated accessory power plug is secured relative to the accessory.

Item D88. A method/system/software/device for a wireless monitoring system described in Item D87, in which the integrated accessory power plug is replaced by a detachable accessory power plug.

Claim D89. The method/system/software/device of a wireless monitoring system described in paragraph D88, wherein the detachable accessory power plug comprises a stand-alone accessory power plug connected to an accessory power cord terminated in a locking structure that mates with the locking port.

Item D90. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in Item D89, wherein the integrated accessory power plug is unlocked and removed from the locking port, and the locking structure of the detachable accessory power plug is inserted into the locking port and locked.

Claim D91. The method/system/software/device of a wireless monitoring system described in paragraph D90, wherein at least one of the integrated accessory power plug and the locking mechanism of the detachable accessory power plug is manually unlocked when a user releases the locking port.

Claim D92. The method/system/software/device of a wireless monitoring system described in paragraph D91, wherein at least one of the integrated accessory power plug and the locking structure of the detachable accessory power plug automatically locks when the respective locking structure is inserted into the locking port.

Claim D93. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in paragraph D91, wherein at least one of the integrated accessory power plug and the locking structure of the detachable accessory power plug is manually locked after the respective locking structure is inserted into the locking port.

Item D94. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system of Item D90, wherein the protruding pin of the integrated accessory power plug is removed from the power socket of the power supply, and at least two protruding pins of the detachable accessory power plug are inserted into the power socket of the power supply.

Claim D95. The wireless monitoring system method/system/software/device described in paragraph D90, wherein the accessory having the locking structure of the detachable accessory power plug locked in the locking port is attached to at least one of a surface, another object, and another device based on an attachment mechanism.

Claim D96. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in paragraph D90, wherein the accessory having the locking structure of the detachable accessory power plug locked in the locking port is placed on a surface based on at least one flat surface at the base of the accessory by at least one of weight, gravity, and friction.

Claim D97. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in paragraph D90, wherein the locking structure of the detachable accessory power plug is released and removed from the locking port, and the integrated accessory power plug is inserted and locked into the locking port.

Claim D98. A method/standard/software/device for a wireless monitoring system described in paragraph D70, wherein the accessory has a locking port for receiving replaceable parts selected from a set of replaceable parts conforming to a common set of standards, each replaceable part having a respective number of protruding pins positioned and shaped according to the respective standard.

Clause D99. The method/standard/software/device of a wireless monitoring system described in Clause D98, wherein the set of common standards includes at least one of AU standards, Chinese standards, EU standards, IT standards, IN standards, UK standards, US standards, International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards, IEC Type A, Type B, Type C, Type D, Type E, Type F, Type G, Type H, Type I, Type J, Type K, Type L, Type M, Type N, and another standard. In one embodiment, there are no accessories, and the device has: (1) a built-in power plug (with transformer), (2) a built-in power plug with retractable pins (space-saving), (3) a built-in power plug with interchangeable pins (similar to an international adapter), (4) a detachable power plug (the transformer is not detachable), (5) a detachable power plug with retractable pins, or (6) a detachable power plug with interchangeable pins.

Item D100. A method/system/software/device for a wireless monitoring system, comprising: transmitting a wireless signal from a Type 1 heterogeneous wireless device over a wireless multipath channel of a location, the wireless multipath channel being affected by the movement of an object within the location; receiving the wireless signal by a Type 2 heterogeneous wireless device over the wireless multipath channel, the received wireless signal being different from the transmitted wireless signal for the wireless multipath channel of the location; obtaining, using a processor, a memory communicatively coupled to the processor, and a set of instructions stored in the memory, a time series of channel information (TSCI) for the wireless multipath channel based on the received wireless signal; and monitoring the movement of the object within the location based on the TSCI; wherein at least one of the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device includes an integrated power plug having a protruding pin, and the device is powered by inserting the protruding pin of the integrated accessory power plug into the power socket of the power source.

Item D101. The wireless monitoring system method/system/software/device described in Item D100, wherein the integrated power plug supports the weight of the device by inserting the protruding pin into the power outlet.

Item D102. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in Item D100, wherein the protruding pin of the integrated power plug is retractable.

Item D103. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in Item D102, wherein when a user activates a manual mechanism, the retractable protruding pin of the integrated power plug is exposed based on the manual mechanism, and when the user deactivates the manual mechanism, the retractable protruding pin is retracted based on the manual mechanism.

Clause D104. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in Clause D102, wherein the device having the retractable protruding pin is attached to at least one of a surface, another object, and another device based on a connection mechanism, and the connection mechanism may be a locking mechanism, a bayonet coupling, a push-pull coupling, a release coupling, a push-press release coupling, a coupling secured by a screw, a push-push lock coupling, a magnetic coupling, an electromagnet, a magnet, an attachment/detachment mechanism, a detachment mechanism, a coupling mechanism, a binding mechanism, a coupling, a connector, a mechanical holder, an adsorption mechanism, a suction cup, a peg, a clip, a stem, A method/system/software/device comprising at least one of a pull, ring, pin, hook, loop, snap lock hook, snap on hook, bracket, hanger, mount, chain, track and trolley, screw, nut and screw, nut and bolt, hook and loop fastener, magic fastener, adhesive, pressure sensitive adhesive tape (PSA), self-adhesive tape, adhesive tape, double sided tape, pressure sensitive adhesive tape, fastener, dual lock fastener, self-mating fastener, reclosable fastener, resting on by gravity, weight and friction, and another connection mechanism.

Claim D105. The method/system/software/device described in paragraph D102, wherein the device with the exposed retractable protruding pin is attached to at least one of a surface, another object, and another device by inserting the protruding pin of the integrated power plug into the power socket of the power source on the surface, another object, and another device.

Item D106. The integrated power plug and at least one of the protruding pins of the integrated power plug have two or more configurations such that the device has two or more configurations. This is the method/system/software/device for the wireless monitoring system described in Item D100.

Item D107. The method/system/software/device of a wireless monitoring system described in Item D106, wherein the two or more configurations of the device are manually selected by a user based on a manual selection mechanism.

Item D108. The method/system/software/device of a wireless monitoring system described in Item D106, wherein the two or more positions of the device include a horizontal position and a vertical position.

Item D109. A method/system/software/device for a wireless monitoring system described in Item D100, wherein the integrated power plug is detachable.

Item D110. The method/system/software/device of a wireless monitoring system described in Item D109, wherein the detachable integrated power plug includes a separate power plug connected to a power cord connected to the device.

Item D111. A method/system/software/device for a wireless monitoring system described in Item D109, wherein the independent power plug has a conversion means for converting alternating current to direct current.

Item D112. A method/system/software/device for a wireless monitoring system described in Item D109, in which the device includes a conversion means for converting AC to DC, the conversion means being within the device but not within the stand-alone power plug.

Item D113. A method/system/software/device for a wireless monitoring system described in Item D100, wherein the integrated power plug is replaceable.

Item D114. A method/system/software/device of a wireless monitoring system described in Item D113, in which the integrated power plug is replaced with a detachable power plug connected to a device power cord connected to the device.

Claim D115. The method/system/software/device of a wireless monitoring system described in paragraph D100, wherein the device has a locking port for a replaceable part, and the integrated power plug has a locking structure that mates with the locking port so that the integrated power plug is secured to the device.

Item D116. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in Item D115, wherein the integrated power plug is replaced by a detachable power plug.

Item D117. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in Item D116, wherein the detachable power plug comprises a stand-alone power plug connected to a power cord terminated in the locking structure that mates with the locking port.

Item D118. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in Item D117, wherein the integrated power plug is unlocked and removed from the locking port, and the locking structure of the detachable power plug is inserted and locked into the locking port.

Item D119. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in Item D118, wherein at least one of the integrated power plug and the locking mechanism of the detachable power plug is manually unlocked when a user releases the locking port.

Item D120. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in Item D119, wherein at least one of the integrated power plug and the locking structure of the detachable power plug automatically locks when the respective locking structure is inserted into the locking port.

Item D121. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system of Item D119, wherein at least one of the locking structures of the integrated power plug and the detachable power plug is manually locked after the respective locking structure is inserted into the locking port.

Item D122. The method/system/software/device described in Item D118, wherein the protruding pin of the integrated power plug is removed from the power socket of the power supply, and at least two protruding pins of the detachable power plug are inserted into the power socket of the power supply.

Claim D123. The method/system/software/device of a wireless monitoring system described in paragraph D118, wherein the device having the locking structure of the detachable power plug locked in the locking port is attached to at least one of a surface, another object, and another device based on a connection mechanism.

Item D124. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in Item D118, wherein the device having the locking structure of the detachable power plug locked in the locking port is placed on at least one flat surface at the base of the device by at least one of weight, gravity, and friction.

Item D125. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in Item D118, wherein the locking structure of the detachable power plug is released and removed from the locking port, and the integrated power plug is inserted into the locking port and locked.

Claim D126. A method/standard/software/device for a wireless monitoring system as described in paragraph D100, wherein the device has a locking port for receiving replaceable parts selected from a set of replaceable parts conforming to a common set of standards, each replaceable part having a corresponding number of protruding pins arranged and formed in accordance with the respective standard.

Item D127. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system of Item D126, wherein the set of common standards includes at least one of AU standards, Chinese standards, EU standards, IT standards, IN standards, UK standards, US standards, International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards, IEC Type A, Type B, Type C, Type D, Type E, Type F, Type G, Type H, Type I, Type J, Type K, Type L, Type M, Type N, and other standards.

Item D128. A method/system/software/device for a wireless monitoring system described in Item D110, wherein the protruding pin of the independent power plug is retractable.

Claim D129. The method/system/software/device of a wireless monitoring system described in paragraph D100, wherein the stand-alone power plug has a locking port for receiving a replaceable part selected from a set of replaceable parts conforming to a common set of standards, each replaceable part having a corresponding number of protruding pins arranged and shaped according to the respective standard.

Clause D130. The method/system/software/device of the wireless monitoring system of clause D129, wherein the set of common standards includes at least one of AU standards, Chinese standards, EU standards, IT standards, IN standards, UK standards, US standards, International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards, IEC Type A, Type B, Type C, Type D, Type E, Type F, Type G, Type H, Type I, Type J, Type K, Type L, Type M, Type N, and another standard.

Item D131. The method/device/software/device of the wireless monitoring system described in Item D35, including a device that houses the device but not the device power plug, the device having at least one of an opening and a space through which the device power cord is connected to the device, and the device power plug connected to the device power cord is separate from the device and is inserted into the power socket of the power source.

Item D132. A method/system/software/device of a wireless monitoring system described in Item D30, wherein the device has at least one structural feature such that the device and the devices housed therein have multiple user-selectable mounting positions.

Clause D133. A method/system/software/device of a wireless monitoring system described in clause D29, wherein the device has at least one flat surface so that the device and the devices housed therein have multiple user-selectable mounting positions, and the device is equipped with a conversion means for converting alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). wherein the accessory includes an accessory without a power source, an accessory with a power source, an accessory with the power source for supplying power to at least one of the device and another device, an accessory connected to at least one of the power source, the device, the other device and none of them, an accessory having a connection to at least one of the power source, the device and another device, an accessory having an electrical connection to at least one of the power source, the device and the other device, an accessory having a communication connection to at least one of the power source, the device and the other device, an accessory with conversion means, an accessory with conversion means for converting alternating current (AC) energy into direct current (DC) energy, an accessory with conversion means for converting DC energy to another DC energy, an accessory with conversion means arranged to stabilize the accessory when the device is attached, an accessory with a weight arranged to stabilize the accessory when the device is attached, an accessory with a shape that stabilizes the accessory when the device is attached, an accessory with a structure that stabilizes the accessory when the device is attached, an accessory that houses the device, an accessory that houses the power plug of the device, a power cord of the device accessories for housing the device, the device, the power plug and the power cord; accessories for housing the device, the device with the power plug, and the device with the power plug connected; accessories for housing the power plug of the device so that the power plug can be connected to a wall outlet; accessories for housing the device using at least one of a frame, case, casing, rigid casing, soft casing, cavity, enclosure, housing, container, holder, sheath, jacket, connector, capsule, outer skin, shell, skin, cover, structure, socket, and another structure; accessories for housing the device; accessories for carrying the device; accessories for supporting the device and accessories for supporting the weight of the device; accessories not electrically connected to the device; accessories electrically connected to the device; accessories electrically connected to the device using a special cable; accessories electrically connected to the device using a short cable; accessories electrically connected to the device using a connector; accessories with at least one locking mechanism between the device and accessory; accessories with at least one locking mechanism between the accessory and a surface; accessories communicatively connected to the device.

Item D134. A method/system/software/device for a wireless monitoring system, comprising: transmitting a wireless signal from a Type 1 heterogeneous wireless device through a wireless multipath channel of a location, the wireless multipath channel being affected by the movement of an object within the location; receiving the wireless signal by a Type 2 heterogeneous wireless device through the wireless multipath channel, the received wireless signal being different from the transmitted wireless signal due to the wireless multipath channel of the location; obtaining, using a processor, a memory communicatively coupled to the processor, and a set of instructions stored in the memory, a time series of channel information (TSCI) for the wireless multipath channel based on the received wireless signal; and monitoring the movement of the object within the location based on the TSCI, wherein at least one of the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device is attached to an accessory.

In various embodiments of the present disclosure, exemplary methods for certified wireless systems are disclosed in the following sections.

Clause E1. A method for a certified wireless system, comprising: transmitting a wireless signal from a Type 1 disparate wireless device to a Type 2 disparate wireless device through a wireless multipath channel at a location; receiving the wireless signal by the Type 2 disparate wireless device; using a processor of the Type 2 device, a memory communicatively coupled to the processor, and a set of instructions stored in the memory, to obtain a time series of channel information (CI) of the wireless multipath channel based on the wireless signal; and making the TSCI available for a task, wherein at least one of the Type 1 device, a module of the Type 1 device, an integrated circuit (IC) of the Type 1 device, the Type 2 device, a module of the Type 2 device, and an IC of the Type 2 device meets respective requirement criteria.

Item E2. The certified wireless system method described in Item E1, wherein the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device are located at two different locations within the location.

Clause E3. The certified wireless system method described in Clause E1, wherein the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device are located in similar positions within the location.

Item E4. The certified wireless system method described in Item E3, wherein the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device are the same device.

Clause E5. The certified wireless system method of clause E1, wherein there are two or more pairs of Type 1 and Type 2 devices within the location, each Type 2 device of the pair asynchronously receives a respective wireless signal from each Type 1 device of the pair and asynchronously acquires a respective TSCI, a first pair of Type 1 and Type 2 devices are collocated, and a second pair of Type 1 and Type 2 devices are located at two different locations within the location.

Clause E6. Associating at least one of the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device with an identifier (ID). A method for a certified wireless system as described in Clause E1.

Section E7. The method of Claim E6, wherein the ID is selected from the group consisting of a name, a number, an alphanumeric ID, a string, numbers and symbols, a file, a database, an item in the database, a pointer to the item, a link to a web page, a link to a storage device, a MAC address, an IP address, a network address, a network ID, a domain ID, a web ID, an internet ID, a mobile network ID, a LAN ID, a platform ID, a software ID, a software application ID, a management ID, a monitoring ID, a hardware ID, a device ID, a device profile, a hardware component ID, a computer ID, a processor ID, a storage ID, a process ID, a serial number, a task ID, a class, class information, a category, category information, performance information, capability information, policy information, a pair ID of the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device, a pair profile, a link ID, a link profile, an antenna ID, an antenna profile, a system ID, a user, a customer, a supervisor, a superuser, an administrator, a guardian, a service, an account, a password, a service account, a user account, a user profile, a username, a user password, a user information, a user ID, a service provider, a service profile, a manufacturer, a sales channel, a vendor, a retailer, a distribution channel, a content channel, an Apple ID, an Amazon The method of an authorized wireless system includes at least one of: ID, Samsung ID, Google ID, Facebook ID, Microsoft ID, company ID, service ID, service provider ID, service ID, access ID, hash of another ID, user association, user grouping, account privileges, user history, task, task ID, task information, task requirements, user associated with the task, physical address, physical location, home, family, office, business, school, warehouse, store, factory, station, stadium, hall, enclosure, place, site, district, zone, area, region, neighborhood, nearby, neighborhood, map, map location, location-based information, town, city, county, state, region, precinct, province, country, continent, zip code, postal code, GPS coordinates, other code, phone number, payment card information, group, classification, category, and other ID.

Clause E8. The method of a certified wireless system described in Clause E6, further comprising sharing an ID between any two of the Type 1 device, the Type 2 device, another wireless heterogeneous device, and a user device.

Claim E9. The certified wireless system method of Claim E8, further comprising sharing an ID based on any of a standard, a WiFi standard, a WLAN standard, a mesh network standard, an IEEE standard, an IEEE 802 standard, an IEEE 802.11 standard, an IEEE 802.15 standard, an IEEE 802.16 standard, a WiFi Alliance standard, a 3GPP standard, a mobile communication standard, a cellular communication standard, 3G/4G/LTE/5G/6G/7G/8G, an international standard, a national standard, an industry standard, a de facto standard, a protocol, a handshake, a query, a response, an acknowledgment, a database, another format, another channel, another interaction, and another mechanism.

Item E10. The method of a certified wireless system described in Item E6, wherein the ID is time-varying. How the ID changes over time. Standardization.

Clause E11. The method of a certified wireless system described in Clause E10, wherein the time-varying ID varies over time based on at least one of a standard, protocol, established protocol, interoperable protocol, standard, requirement, certification requirement, certification criteria, protocol agreed upon by the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device, timing agreed upon by the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device, timing based on at least one of the standard and the protocol, strategy, timetable, user setting, user request, control by a server, control signals communicated between two of the Type 1 device, the Type 2 device, another device, the server, the Type 1 device, the Type 2 device, the other device, the server, another Type 1 device, and another Type 2 device, status, status of the wireless multipath channel, another criterion, and another mechanism.

Clause E12. The certified wireless system method of clause E1, comprising: transmitting a first portion of the wireless signal by the Type 1 device using at least one of a first carrier frequency, a first channel, a first antenna, and a first group of antennas of the Type 1 device; and transmitting a second portion of the wireless signal by the Type 1 device using at least one of a second carrier frequency, a second channel, a second antenna, and a second group of antennas of the Type 1 device.

Clause E13. The method of a certified wireless system described in Clause E12, further comprising transmitting the first and second portions of the wireless signal by the Type 1 device in at least one of the following manners: coordinated, uncoordinated, independent, together, not separated, separate, simultaneous, contemporaneous, non-simultaneous, at the same time, at different times, synchronized, and unsynchronized.

Item E14. The certified wireless system method described in Item E12, wherein the first carrier frequency and the second carrier frequency are at least one of the same and different.

Clause E15. A method for a certified wireless system described in Clause E12, wherein the first channel and the second channel are at least one of the same channel, overlapping channels, and different channels.

Clause E16. The certified wireless system method described in Clause E12, wherein the first antenna and the second antenna are at least one of the same antenna and different antennas.

Clause E17. The method of a certified wireless system described in clause E12, wherein the first group of antennas and the second group of antennas are at least one of the same group of antennas, overlapping groups of antennas, and separate groups of antennas. The characteristics are negotiated/arranged between the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device. For example, the characteristics may be probing/sounding frequency, probing/sounding timing, carrier frequency, channel, antenna, antenna group, congestion response, which CSI to obtain, and/or CSI accuracy/format/consistency/precision, etc.

Clause E18. The certified wireless system method described in Clause E12, wherein a first characteristic of the first portion of the wireless signal and a second characteristic of the second portion of the wireless signal are at least one of determined, worked out, exchanged, handshake, shared, negotiated, arranged, and coordinated between at least two of the Type 1 device, the Type 2 device, and another device.

Clause E19. The certified wireless system method of clause E18, wherein the first characteristic of the first portion of the wireless signal and the second characteristic of the second portion of the wireless signal are at least one of determined, worked out, exchanged, handshake, shared, negotiated, arranged, and coordinated based on at least one of a standard, protocol, established protocol, interoperable protocol, specification, requirement, requirement requirement, requirement criteria, protocol agreed upon by a Type 1 device and a Type 2 device, timing agreed upon by a Type 1 device and a Type 2 device, timing based on at least one of a standard and a protocol, a strategy, a timetable, a user setting, a user request, control by a server, control signal status communicated between two of a Type 1 device, a Type 2 device, another device, a Type 1 device, a Type 2 device, another device, a server, another Type 1 device, another Type 2 device, a wireless multipath channel condition, another criterion, and another mechanism.

Clause E20. The certified wireless system method described in Clause E1, further comprising receiving a first portion of the wireless signal by the Type 2 device using at least one of the first carrier frequency, the first channel, a third antenna, and a third group of antennas of the Type 2 device, and receiving a second portion of the wireless signal by the Type 2 device using at least one of the second carrier frequency, the second channel, a fourth antenna, and a fourth group of antennas of the Type 2 device.

Clause E21. The certified wireless system of clause E20, wherein the first and second portions of the wireless signal are received by the Type 2 device in at least one of the following ways: coordinated, uncoordinated, independent, together, non-separate, separate, simultaneous, contemporaneous, non-simultaneous, at the same time, at different times, synchronous, and asynchronous.

Item E22. The certified wireless system method described in Item E20, wherein the third antenna and the fourth antenna of the Type 2 device are at least one of the same antenna and different antennas.

Item E23. A certified wireless system as described in Item E20, wherein the third group of antennas and the fourth group of antennas of the Type 2 device are at least one of antennas from the same group, overlapping groups of antennas, and antennas from separate groups.

Clause E24. The certified wireless system method described in Clause E1, further comprising transmitting the wireless signal from the Type 1 device to a second Type 2 device, wherein a first portion of the wireless signal is intended for the Type 2 device and a second portion of the wireless signal is intended for the second Type 2 device; transmitting the first portion of the wireless signal by the Type 1 device using at least one of a first carrier frequency, a first channel, a first antenna, and a first group of antennas of the Type 1 device; and transmitting the second portion of the wireless signal by the Type 1 device using at least one of a second carrier frequency, a second channel, a second antenna, and a second group of antennas of the Type 1 device.

Clause E25. The method of a certified wireless system described in Clause E24, wherein the first and second portions of the wireless signal are transmitted by the Type 1 device in at least one of the following ways: uncoordinated, uncoordinated, together, uncoordinated, unsegregated, separate, simultaneous, contemporaneous, non-simultaneous, simultaneously, at different times, synchronized, and unsynchronized.

Item E26. A certified wireless system method according to Item E24, wherein the first carrier frequency and the second carrier frequency are at least one of the same and different.

Item E27. A certified wireless system described in Item E24, wherein the first channel and the second channel are at least one of the same channel, overlapping channels, and different channels.

Clause E28. The certified wireless system method described in Clause E24, wherein the first antenna and the second antenna of the Type 1 device are at least one of the same antenna and different antennas.

Clause E29. The certified wireless system method described in clause E24, wherein the first group of antennas and the second group of antennas of the Type 1 device are at least one of the same group of antennas, overlapping groups of antennas, and separate groups of antennas. Features are negotiated/arranged between the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device.

Clause E30. The certified wireless system method described in Clause E24, wherein the first feature of the first portion of the wireless signal and the second feature of the second portion of the wireless signal are at least one of determined, worked out, exchanged, handshake, shared, negotiated, arranged, and coordinated between at least two of the Type 1 device, the Type 2 device, the second Type 2 device, and another device.

Clause E31. The certified wireless system method of clause E30, wherein the first characteristic of the first portion of the wireless signal and the second characteristic of the second portion of the wireless signal are at least one of determined, worked out, exchanged, handshake, shared, negotiated, arranged, and coordinated based on at least one of a standard, protocol, established protocol, interoperable protocol, specification, requirement, certification requirement, certification criteria, protocol agreed upon by the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device, timing agreed upon by the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device, timing based on at least one of the standard and the protocol, strategy, timetable, user setting, user request, control by a server, control signals communicated between the Type 1 device, the Type 2 device, another device, the server, the Type 1 device, the Type 2 device, another device, the server, another Type 1 device, another Type 2 device, status, wireless multipath channel conditions, another criterion, and another mechanism.

Clause E32. The certified wireless system method described in Clause E24, wherein the first portion of the wireless signal is received by the Type 2 device using at least one of the first carrier frequency, the first channel, the third antenna, and the third antenna group of the Type 2 device, and the second portion of the wireless signal is received by the second Type 2 device using at least one of the second carrier frequency, the second channel, the fourth antenna, and the fourth antenna group of the second Type 2 device.

Clause E33. The certified wireless system method described in Clause E1 further includes transmitting a second wireless signal from a second Type 1 device to the Type 2 device; receiving the wireless signal by the Type 2 device using at least one of the Type 2 device's first carrier frequency, first channel, first antenna, and first antenna group; and receiving the second wireless signal by the Type 2 device using at least one of the Type 2 device's second carrier frequency, second channel, second antenna, and second antenna group;

Clause E34. The method of a certified wireless system described in Clause E33, wherein the first wireless signal and the second wireless signal are transmitted by the Type 1 device and the second Type 1 device, respectively, in at least one of the following manners: coordinated, uncoordinated, independent, together, non-separate, separate, simultaneous, contemporaneous, non-simultaneous, at the same time, at different times, synchronous, and asynchronous.

Item E35. A certified wireless system method according to Item E31, wherein the first carrier frequency and the second carrier frequency are at least one of the same and different.

Clause E36. A method for a certified wireless system described in Clause E31, wherein the first channel and the second channel are at least one of the same channel, overlapping channels, and different channels.

Clause E37. The certified wireless system method described in Clause E31, wherein the first antenna and the second antenna of the Type 2 device are at least one of the same antenna and different antennas.

Clause E38. The certified wireless system method of clause E31, wherein the first group of antennas and the second group of antennas of the Type 2 device are at least one of the same group of antennas, overlapping groups of antennas, and separate groups of antennas. Features are negotiated/arranged between the Type 1 device, the second Type 1 device, and the Type 2 device.

Clause E39. The certified wireless system method described in Clause E31, wherein at least one of the first characteristic of the wireless signal and the second characteristic of the second wireless signal is at least one of determined, worked out, exchanged, handshake, shared, negotiated, arranged, and coordinated between at least two of the Type 1 device, the second Type 1 device, the Type 2 device, and another device.

Clause E40. The certified wireless system method of clause E39, wherein at least one of the first characteristic of the wireless signal and the second characteristic of the second wireless signal is determined, worked out, exchanged, handshake, shared, negotiated, arranged, and adjusted based on at least one of a standard, protocol, established protocol, interoperable protocol, specification, requirement, certification requirement, certification criteria, protocol agreed upon by the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device, timing agreed upon by the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device, timing based on at least one of the standard and the protocol, strategy, timetable, user setting, user request, control by a server, control signals communicated between two of the Type 1 device, the Type 2 device, another device, the server, the Type 1 device, the Type 2 device, another device, the server, another Type 1 device, and another Type 2 device, status, the condition of the wireless multipath channel, another criterion, and another mechanism.

Claim E41. The method of claim E1 for a certified wireless system, wherein the wireless signal is an electromagnetic (EM) wave, a radio frequency (RF) signal, an RF transmission, an RF signal transmitted by one or more transmitting antennas, an RF signal received by one or more receiving antennas, an RF signal relayed by an RF repeater, an RF signal retransmitted by an RF repeater, an 800/900 MHz signal, a 1.8/1.9 GHz signal, a 2.4 GHz signal, a 5 GHz signal, a 6 GHz signal, a 24 GHz signal, a 76-81 GHz signal, a 28 GHz signal, a 60 GHz signal, a 12 2 GHz signal, 244 GHz signal, microwave signal, infrared signal, optical signal, ultraviolet signal, audio signal, OFDM signal, CDMA signal, FDMA signal, OFDMA signal, MIMO signal, MU-MIMO signal, QAM, 4-QAM, 8-QAM, 16-QAM, 32-QAM, 64-QAM, 128-QAM, 256-QAM, 512-QAM, 1024-QAM, 2048-QAM, 4096-QAM, 8192-QAM, 16384-QAM, 32768-QAM, 65536-QAM, Wi-Fi signal, IEEE 802 compliant signal, IEEE 802.11 signals, 802.15 signals, IEEE 802.16 signals, standards-compliant signals, wireless local area network (WLAN) signals, Zigbee signals, Bluetooth signals, RFID signals, cellular network signals, 3GPP-compliant signals, 3G/4G/LTE/5G/6G/7G/8G signals, cellular communications signals, RF signals using ISM bands, RF signals using unlicensed bands, RF signals using licensed bands, GPS signals, baseband signals, band-limited signals, ultra-wideband (UWB) signals, wireless standards-compliant signals, frequency-hopping signals, burst signals, trains of signals, steady streams of signals, streams of signals with irregular timing, streams of signals with regular timing a stream of signals to be transmitted, a null signal, a protocol signal, a protocol-compliant signal, a data signal, a control signal, a beacon signal, a pilot signal, a probe signal, an excitation signal, an illumination signal, a reference signal, a training signal, a synchronization signal, a request signal, an inquiry signal, a response signal, an acknowledgement signal, a downlink signal, an uplink signal, a unicast signal, a multicast signal, a broadcast signal, a pulse signal, a signal burst, a motion probe signal, a motion detection signal, a motion sensing signal, a line-of-sight (LOS) signal, a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) signal, a combination of signals, a mixture of signals, a sequence of signals, a series of signals, and another wireless signal.

Clause E42. The certified wireless system method of clause E41, wherein the wireless signal includes at least one of a response to a second wireless signal transmitted to the Type 1 device from at least one of the Type 2 device, another Type 1 device, another Type 2 device, and another wireless device; a response to at least one of a request signal, an inquiry signal, a probe request signal, a command signal, a control signal, a data signal, a non-wireless signal, an electronic signal, and another signal received by the Type 1 device; an acknowledgment to another wireless signal; a protocol signal, a handshake signal, an inquiry signal, a request signal, an inquiry signal, a probe request signal, a command signal, a control signal, a data signal, a response signal, a probe response signal, an acknowledgment signal, a reply signal, a beacon signal, a pilot signal, a probe signal, a sounding signal, a broadcast signal, a signal sequence, and a portion of a handshake between a Type 1 device and a Type 2 device.

Clause E43. The method of a certified wireless system described in Clause E42, wherein the wireless signal further comprises a series of sounding signals that control at least one of the timing, manner, generation, repetition, repeated occurrence, regular occurrence, cyclic occurrence, periodic occurrence, occurrence at regular intervals, sounding interval, sounding period, sounding rate, sounding timing, and another aspect of the sounding signals of the wireless signal based on the second wireless signal.

Clause E44. A method of a certified wireless system according to Clause E43, wherein the second wireless signal includes a series of probe request signals, each sounding signal being a probe response signal for a respective probe request signal of the second wireless signal, and further comprising controlling at least one of the timing, manner, generation, repetition, repeated occurrence, regular occurrence, periodic occurrence, regular occurrence, occurrence with regular intervals, sounding interval, sounding period, sounding rate, sounding timing, and another aspect of the sounding signal of the wireless signal by controlling at least one of the timing, manner, generation, repetition, repeated occurrence, regular occurrence, periodic occurrence, periodic occurrence, periodic generation, generation with regular intervals, sounding interval, sounding period, sounding rate, sounding timing, and another aspect of the probe request signals of the second wireless signal.

Clause E45. The certified wireless system method described in Clause E1, wherein the wireless signal is at least one of a response, reply, acknowledgment, and handshake to a second wireless signal, and further comprising controlling a characteristic of the wireless signal by controlling a corresponding characteristic of the second wireless signal.

Clause E46. The certified wireless system method described in Clause E42, further comprising controlling the timing of at least one of the second wireless signals by controlling the timing of at least one of the wireless signals.

Clause E47. The certified wireless system method described in Clause E42, further comprising controlling the rate of at least one of the wireless signals by controlling the corresponding rate of at least one of the second wireless signals.

Clause E48. A method for a certified wireless system described in Clause E1, wherein the wireless signals include a series of probe signals (or sounding signals or beacon signals or pilot signals), and the CI of each of the TSCIs is obtained based on the corresponding probe signal.

Clause E49. A method for a certified wireless system as described in clause E43, wherein the series of probe signals is selected from the group consisting of a steady stream of probe signals, a local steady stream of probe signals, a local absence of probe signals, a momentary steady stream of probe signals, a momentary absence of probe signals, a burst of probe signals, a pause in probe signals, a first steady stream (or wave, train, or succession) of probe signals associated with a first rate, a second steady stream (or wave, train, or succession) of probe signals associated with a second rate, a probe signal associated with a target transmission time, a probe signal transmitted by a Type 1 device at a target transmission time, a late probe signal, a probe signal transmitted after a target transmission time, a late probe signal that is late due to congestion of the wireless multipath channel, a late probe signal that is late because the wireless multipath channel is used by another device, a lost probe signal, a probe signal not successfully received by the Type 2 device, a protocol signal, a data signal, a control signal, a beacon signal, a pilot signal, an excitation signal, an illumination signal, a reference signal, a training signal, a synchronization signal, a handshake signal, a request signal, an inquiry signal, a response signal, a probe request signal, a probe inquiry signal, and a probe response. signal, acknowledgement signal, synchronization signal, training signal, reference signal, unicast signal, multicast signal, broadcast signal, uplink signal, downlink signal, pulse signal, signal burst, data frame, control frame, beacon frame, primary channel, probe request frame, probe response frame, unicast frame, multicast frame, broadcast frame, frame with header, frame with preamble, frame with data payload, IEEE 802.11 frame, FHSS frame, DSSS frame, OFDM frame, H A method for a certified wireless system including at least one of an R-DSSS frame, an ERP-OFDM frame, a DSSS-OFDM frame, an ERP-PBCC frame, an HT-OFDM frame, a VHT-OFDM frame, a HE-OFDM frame, a DMG frame, an EDMG frame, a TVHT frame, a SIG frame, a WUR frame, an IR frame, an IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol data unit (MPDU), an IEEE 802.11 PHY protocol data unit (PPDU), an IEEE 802.11 PLCP service data unit (PSDU), and other frames.

Clause E50. A method for a certified wireless system as described in Clause E43, wherein timing is associated with at least one of the series of probe signals, the TSCI, the transmission of the series of probe signals by the Type 1 device, the reception of the series of probe signals by the Type 2 device, channel conditions, wireless system state, channel usage information of the wireless multipath channel, and at least one of the conditions and states of the TSCI, and the timing is associated with timing associated with the transmission of probe signals from the Type 1 device, timing associated with the reception of the probe signals by the Type 2 device, and the reception of the series of probe signals by the Type 1 device. timing associated with the transmission of a series of probe signals, timing associated with the reception of the series of probe signals by the Type 2 device, timing associated with the task, timing associated with requirements of the task, timing associated with user requirements of the task, timing required for the task to achieve a performance level, frequency, duration, start time, end time, pause, wait, power down, sleep, power up, wake up, alarm, warning, notification, schedule, plan, timetable, control, signaling, request, inquiry, acknowledgment, response, event, trigger event, trigger condition, trigger situation, and other timing features. timing related to task requirements for at least one of, a request, an inquiry, a response, and an acknowledgment based on said task; timing related to control signals transmitted between at least two of said Type 1 device, said Type 2 device, and another device; time of change, time of state transition, frequency, period, start time, stop time, pause time, wait time, power down time, sleep time, power up time, wake up time, time of alarm, time of warning, time of notification, schedule time, planning time, timetable, control time, signaling time, request time, inquiry time, acknowledgment time, response time, event time A method for a certified wireless system including at least one of a condition/situation, period, duration, task-based period, periodic period, high alert period, low alert period, multiple associated timings for at least one of trigger time, change, remain unchanged, enter a state, change state, remain in a state, start, stop, pause, wait, detect an event, respond to an event, trigger, power down, sleep, power up, wake up, alert, warning, notification, scheduling, setting a timed event, and performing another action, and timing associated with at least one of another wireless signal, another time series of probe signal, and another TSCI.

Clause E51. The certified wireless system method described in Clause E43, further comprising signaling the timing of at least one of the series of probe signals, the TSCI, the task, and user requirements of the task between at least two of the Type 1 device, the Type 2 device, and another device.

Clause E52. The method of a certified wireless system described in Clause E43, further comprising signaling at least one of the series of probe signals, the TSCI, the task, and user requirements for the task between at least two of the Type 1 device, the Type 2 device, and another device.

Clause E53. The certified wireless system method described in Clause E47, further comprising signaling at least one of the series of probe signals, the TSCI, the task, and user requirements for the task between the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device using the wireless signal.

Clause E54. The method of a certified wireless system described in Clause E43, further comprising signaling at least one of the series of probe signals, the TSCI, the task, and user requirements for the task between at least two of the Type 1 device, the Type 2 device, and another device.

Clause E55. The method of a certified wireless system described in Clause E49, further comprising signaling between at least two of the Type 1 device, the Type 2 device, and another device capabilities related to at least one of the series of probe signals, the TSCI, the task, and user requirements of the task.

Clause E56. The certified wireless system method described in Clause E43, further comprising negotiating the timing of at least one of the series of probe signals, the TSCI, the task, and user requirements of the task between at least two of the Type 1 device, the Type 2 device, and another device.

Clause E57. The certified wireless system method described in Clause E43, further comprising coordinating the timing of at least one of the series of probe signals, the TSCI, the task, and user requirements of the task between at least two of the Type 1 device, the Type 2 device, and another device.

Clause E58. The certified wireless system method described in Clause E43, further comprising determining the timing of at least one of the series of probe signals, the TSCI, the task, and user requirements of the task between at least two of the Type 1 device, the Type 2 device, and another device.

Clause E59. The method of a certified wireless system described in Clause E43, further comprising signaling information regarding the timing of at least one of the series of probe signals, the TSCI, the task, and user requirements of the task between at least two of the Type 1 device, the Type 2 device, and another device.

Clause E60. The method of a certified wireless system described in Clause E43, further comprising signaling between at least two of the Type 1 device, the Type 2 device, and another device, capabilities related to timing of at least one of the series of probe signals, the TSCI, the task, and user requirements for the task.

Clause E61. The certified wireless system method described in Clause E43, further comprising negotiating between at least two of the Type 1 device, the Type 2 device, and another device the timing of at least one of the series of probe signals, the TSCI, the task, and user requirements of the task.

Clause E62. The certified wireless system method described in Clause E43, further comprising coordinating the timing of at least one of the series of probe signals, the TSCI, the task, and user requirements of the task between at least two of the Type 1 device, the Type 2 device, and another device.

Clause E63. The certified wireless system method described in Clause E43, further comprising determining timing information for at least one of the series of probe signals, the TSCI, the task, and user requirements for the task between at least two of a Type 1 device, a Type 2 device, and another device.

Clause E64. The method of a certified radio system according to clause E43, further comprising calculating statistics relating to at least one of the series of probe signals, the TSCI obtained based on the series of probe signals, the task performed based on the TSCI, and user requirements of the task, wherein the statistics include at least one of frequency, rate, sounding rate, sounding rate associated with the task, duration, duration associated with the task, accuracy, regularity, consistency, irregularity, deviation, error, hit rate, miss rate, detection, false alarm, false positive, mean, variance, higher order statistics, timing accuracy, timing regularity, frequency accuracy, frequency regularity, timing irregularity, frequency irregularity, deviation, frequency deviation, timing deviation, performance, performance measurement, performance statistics, time window, current statistics associated with a current time window, current frequency, current rate, and current period.

Clause E65. The method of a certified wireless system described in Clause E59, further comprising signaling the statistics between at least two of the Type 1 device, the Type 2 device, and another device.

Clause E66. The certified wireless system method described in Clause E59, further comprising negotiating the statistics between at least two of the Type 1 device, the Type 2 device, and another device.

Clause E67. The certified wireless system method described in Clause E59, further comprising negotiating settings of at least one of the Type 1 device, the Type 2 device, and another device to achieve requirements related to at least one of the statistics, the task, and user requirements of the task.

Clause E68. The certified wireless system method described in Clause E59, further comprising adjusting at least two of the Type 1 device, the Type 2 device, and another device to achieve performance related to at least one of the statistics, the task, and user requirements of the task.

Clause E69. The certified wireless system method described in Clause E59, further comprising determining statistics between at least two of the Type 1 device, the Type 2 device, and another device.

Item E70. A method for a certified wireless system according to item E1, checking whether the TSCI is suitable for the task.

Clause E71. A method for a certified wireless system described in Clause E65, wherein the wireless signal includes a series of probe signals, and further comprising acquiring information on at least one of the series of probe signals and the TSCI.

Clause E72. The method of a certified wireless system described in Clause E1, wherein the information includes at least one of the following: CI attributes, size, dimensions, cardinality, component quantity, and component count associated with the TSCI and at least one of the CIs of the TSCI; at least one of features, properties, gist, function, data type, accuracy level, data structure, amplitude, phase, and power associated with the TSCI, the CI of the TSCI, and at least one of the components of the CI; and at least one of timestamp, timing, time duration, sounding rate, sounding period, sounding timing, regularity, accuracy, consistency, irregularity, timing jitter, variation, deviation, error, channel condition, noise power, interference, and other channel information associated with at least one of the TSCI, the CI of the TSCI, the components of the CI, the wireless signal, the probe signal of the wireless signal, the wireless multipath channel, the Type 1 device, and the Type 2 device. At least one of: quantity of transmit antennas, type of transmit antenna, transmit antenna information, antenna gain, group of at least one transmit antenna, transmit radio information, hardware, processor, hardware accelerator, memory, sensor, module, software, operating system, application software, firmware, version of set of instructions, update history of said set of instructions, connectivity, network proximity, capability, available computing power, memory bandwidth, data transfer capability, storage capacity, wake-up timing, operating conditions, configuration, standards compliance, battery level, power configuration, system configuration, and location of the Type 1 device; quantity of receive antennas, type of receive antenna, receive antenna information, antenna gain, group of at least one receive antenna, receive radio information, hardware, processor, hardware accelerator, memory, sensor, module, software, operating system, application software, firmware, version of set of instructions, update history of said set of instructions, at least one of: a transmission history of the set of instructions, connectivity, network proximity, capability, available computing power, memory bandwidth, data transfer capability, storage capacity, wake-up timing, operating conditions, configuration, battery level, power configuration, system configuration, and location of a Type 2 device; a quantity of transmit antennas, a quantity of receive antennas, a type of transmit antennas, a type of receive antennas, at least one group of transmit antennas, at least one group of receive antennas, a processor, memory, software, firmware, a version of the set of instructions, an update history of the set of instructions, connectivity, network proximity, capability, and location of the Type 2 device; a CI for the TSCI, a component of the CI, the wireless multipath channel, a noise condition associated with at least one of the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device; a signal-to-noise condition associated with at least one of the TSCI, the CI for the TSCI, a component of the CI, the wireless signal, the wireless multipath channel, the Type 1 device, and the Type 2 device; a bandwidth associated with at least one of the SCI, the CI for the TSCI, a component of the CI, the wireless signal, the wireless multipath channel, the Type 1 device, and the Type 2 device; an effective bandwidth associated with at least one of the TSCI, the CI for the TSCI, a component of the CI, the wireless signal, the wireless multipath channel, the Type 1 device, and the Type 2 device; a quantity associated with at least one of the TSCI and the CI for the TSCI; a type associated with at least one of the TSCI, the CI for the TSCI, and other information.

Clause E73. A method of a certified wireless system according to clause E1, comprising: associating the TSCI or information in the TSCI with at least one of a primitive, a service primitive, a PHY layer primitive, a MAC layer primitive, an educational command, a set of configurations, a set of instructions, firmware, a firmware driver, a firmware call, software, a software driver, a software call, an operating system (OS), an OS driver, an OS call, a system call, a firmware interface, a function call, a software interface, a parameter, a data field, at least one of input data and output data of any of the above; a set of at least one of a primitive, an educational command, a configuration, an instruction, firmware, software, a firmware driver, a software driver, and an operating system; any of the above that provides/executes/achieves low-level control of at least one of a device, the hardware of the device, and an IC of the device; the Type 1 device, the IC of the Type 1 device, the Type 2 device, the IC of the Type 2 device, another device, and the IC of the another device. any one of the above, a format of the TSCI or the information of the TSCI, a display of the TSCI or the information of the TSCI, a compression method of the TSCI or the information of the TSCI, an encryption method of the TSCI or the information of the TSCI, a file format or storage method of the TSCI or the information of the TSCI, a transmission format/method or a streaming format/method of the TSCI or the information of the TSCI, and requirements based on the task, including a CI accuracy requirement, a CI timestamp requirement, and a timing of the TSCI or the radio signal. A method for obtaining a certified wireless system based on at least one of requirements including a requirement, a timing accuracy requirement for the TSCI or the wireless signal, a timing regularity of the TSCI or the wireless signal, a sounding rate of the TSCI or the wireless signal, a transmit/receive antenna requirement, a bandwidth associated with the TSCI or the wireless signal, an effective bandwidth associated with the TSCI or the wireless signal, an amount of the TSCI, the certification criteria, the TSCI, the Type 1 device, the IC of the Type 1 device, the Type 2 device, the IC of the Type 2 device, and another requirement.

Clause E74. A method of a certified wireless system of clause E1, comparing the characteristics of the TSCI with the requirements of the task.

Item E75. A method of a certified radio system according to Item E1 for requesting the TSCI based on the task.

Item E76. A method of a certified radio system according to Item E1 for requesting the TSCI for the task.

Clause E77. A method for a certified radio system of clause E7 that requires the TSCI using requirements (accuracy, timing, sounding rate, task execution together).

Item E78. A method for a certified wireless system according to Item E12, in which the specific TSCI is requested in a specific manner.

Item E79. A method for a certified wireless system according to Item E12, which requires the specific TSCI with a specific accuracy.

Clause E80. A method for a certified wireless system as described in Clause E1, wherein there are multiple pairs of Type 1 and Type 2 devices within the location, each Type 2 device asynchronously receiving a respective wireless signal from each Type 1 device and asynchronously acquiring a respective TSCI, and two or more pairs sharing a common Type 2 device.

Clause E81. A method for a certified wireless system according to clause E6, wherein the common Type 2 device is alternately active in the two or more pairs.

Clause E82. A method for a certified wireless system described in Clause E7, wherein the common Type 2 devices are alternately active on the same wireless channel in the two or more pairs.

Clause E83. A method of a certified wireless system according to clause E6, wherein the common Type 2 device is simultaneously or contemporaneously active in two or more of the pairs.

Clause E84. A method for a certified wireless system as described in Clause E9, wherein the common Type 2 device is active on the same wireless channel simultaneously or contemporaneously in two or more pairs.

Clause E85. A method of a certified wireless system described in Clause E6, further comprising making multiple TSCIs available individually, each respective TSCI being obtained based on a respective wireless signal transmitted from a respective Type 1 device to the common Type 2 device.

Clause E86. A method of a certified wireless system described in Clause E6, requesting a specific TSCI, the specific TSCI being obtained based on a specific wireless signal transmitted from a specific Type 1 device to the common Type 2 device.

Item E87. A method for a certified radio system according to item E12 requiring the specific TSCI.

Item E88. A method for a certified radio system as described in Item E12, making a request for the specific TSCI having specific requirements (accuracy, timing, sounding rate, etc.).

Item E89. A method for a certified wireless system according to Item E12, in which the specific TSCI is requested in a specific manner.

Item E90. A method for a certified wireless system according to item E12, which requires the specific TSCI with a specific accuracy.

Item E91. A method for a certified wireless system according to Item E12, making the specific TSCI available based on the request.

Item E92. A method for a certified wireless system according to Item E12, making a software request for the specific TSCI.

Item E93. A method for a certified wireless system according to Item E12, buffering the specific TSCI.

Item E94. A method for a certified wireless system according to Item E6 for obtaining the specific TSCI.

Item E95. A method for a certified wireless system according to item E6 for obtaining the specific TSCI:

Clause E96. The certified wireless system method described in Clause E6, further comprising: performing a first task based on a first TSCI obtained based on a first wireless signal transmitted from a first Type 1 device to the common Type 2 device; and performing a second task based on a second TSCI obtained based on a second wireless signal transmitted from a second Type 1 device to the common Type 2 device.

Clause E97. The method of a certified wireless system described in Clause E6, further comprising making available multiple TSCIs, each respective TSCI being obtained based on a respective wireless signal transmitted from a respective Type 1 device to the common Type 2 device.

Clause E98. The method of a certified wireless system described in Clause E11, further comprising making the plurality of TSCIs available for collaboration.

Clause E99. The method of a certified wireless system described in Clause E11, further comprising requesting the plurality of TSCIs available for collaboration.

Clause E100. The method of a certified wireless system described in Clause E11, further comprising jointly performing the joint operation based on the plurality of TSCIs.

Clause E101. The method of a certified wireless system described in Clause E11, further comprising jointly performing the joint operation based on the plurality of TSCIs.

Clause E102. The method of a certified wireless system described in Clause E6, further comprising jointly monitoring the movement of objects within the location based on all TSCIs obtained based on the plurality of pairs, each TSCI being obtained separately from each pair.

Clause E103. The method of a certified wireless system described in Clause E6, further comprising individually monitoring the movement of objects within the location based on the TSCI obtained in one of the two or more pairs, and jointly monitoring the movement by combining the individual monitoring.

Clause E104. A method for a certified wireless system as described in Clause E1, wherein there are multiple pairs of Type 1 and Type 2 devices within the location, each Type 2 device asynchronously receives a respective wireless signal from each Type 1 device and asynchronously acquires a respective TSCI, and two or more pairs share a common Type 1 niche.

Item E105. A certified wireless system method according to Item E7, wherein the common Type 1 device is alternately active in the two or more pairs.

Clause E106. A method of a certified wireless system described in clause E8, wherein the common Type 1 devices are alternately active on the same wireless channel in the two or more pairs.

Active in a simultaneous, concurrent, or contemporaneous manner. Two possibilities: (a) broadcast; (b) multiple probe signals transmitted simultaneously to multiple Type 2 devices (e.g., using MU-MIMO).

Clause E107. A method of a certified wireless system according to clause E7, wherein the common Type 1 device is simultaneously or contemporaneously active in two or more of the pairs.

Clause E108. A method of a certified wireless system according to clause E10, wherein the common Type 1 devices are simultaneously or contemporaneously active on the same wireless channel in the two or more pairs.

Clause E109. A method of a certified wireless system described in Clause E7, wherein the common Type 1 device broadcasts to two or more Type 2 devices in the two or more pairs, transmitting a common wireless signal to all of the two or more Type 2 devices.

Item E110. A method of a certified wireless system described in Item E12, in which the broadcast information is announced.

Clause E111. A method for a certified wireless system as described in E12, wherein the broadcast information is a data frame, a control frame, a beacon frame, a beacon frame on a primary channel, a probe request frame, a probe response frame, an acknowledgement frame, a multicast frame, a broadcast frame, a frame with a header, an FHSS frame, a DSSS frame, an OFDM frame, an HR-DSSS frame, an ERP-OFDM frame, a DSSS-OFDM frame, an ERP-PBCC frame, an HT-OFDM frame, a VHT-OFDM frame, a HE-OFDM frame. A method of a certified wireless system in which a frame, a DMG frame, an EDMG frame, a TVHT frame, a SIG frame, a WUR frame, an IR frame, another frame, a server, a cloud server, a local server, a web server, a database, a publicly accessible site, a public site, an announcement channel, a handshake channel, an inquiry channel, a signaling channel, a primary channel, a secondary channel, a side channel, an announcement, a handshake, an inquiry, a signaling, the wireless signal, a past wireless signal, and another channel are announced.

Clause E112. The certified wireless system method described in Clause E12, wherein the common Type 1 device broadcasts to multiple Type 2 devices in the multiple pairs, the common Type 1 device transmits the common wireless signal to a common destination address, and each of the multiple Type 2 devices sets its address as the common destination address to receive the common wireless signal.

Clause E113. A method of a certified wireless system described in Clause E15, in which at least one of the common destination address and information on a broadcast channel associated with the common wireless signal is announced.

Clause E114. The method of a certified wireless system described in Clause E12, wherein the common Type 1 device broadcasts to a plurality of Type 2 devices in the plurality of pairs, the common Type 1 device transmits the common wireless signal to a universal destination address, and each of the plurality of Type 2 devices is configured to respond to the universal destination address and receive the common wireless signal.

Clause E115. The certified wireless system described in Clause E12, wherein the common Type 1 device broadcasts to a plurality of Type 2 devices in the plurality of pairs, the common Type 1 device transmits a common wireless signal, and each of the plurality of Type 2 devices is configured to respond to and receive the common wireless signal.

Clause E116. A method for a certified wireless system according to clause E1, wherein the information of the transmission of the wireless signal from the Type 1 device over the wireless channel is at least partially a data frame, a control frame, a beacon frame, a beacon frame in a primary channel, a probe request frame, a probe response frame, a multicast frame, a broadcast frame, a frame with a header, an FHSS frame, a DSSS frame, an OFDM frame, an HR-DSSS frame, an ERP-OFDM frame, a DSSS-OFDM frame, an ERP-PBCC frame, a HT-OFDM frame, a VHT-OFDM frame A method of certified wireless systems announced on at least one of a frame, HE-OFDM frame, DMG frame, EDMG frame, TVHT frame, SIG frame, WUR frame, IR frame, another frame, server, cloud server, local server, web server, database, publicly accessible site, public site, announcement channel, handshake channel, inquiry channel, signaling channel, primary channel, secondary channel, side channel, announcement, handshake, inquiry, signaling, radio signal, past radio signal, and another channel.

Claim E117. The certified wireless system method described in paragraph E1, further comprising exchanging information between the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device.

Clause E118. The certified wireless system method described in Clause E20, further comprising exchanging the information between the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device using the wireless multipath channel.

Clause E119. A method for a certified wireless system described in Clause E20, further comprising exchanging the information based on a standardized protocol.

Clause E120. The certified wireless system method described in Clause E20, further comprising determining an agreed-upon set of settings between the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device.

Clause E121. The certified wireless system method described in Clause E23, further comprising determining an agreed-upon set of settings between the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device for a task.

Clause E122. The certified wireless system method described in Clause E24, further comprising determining that the agreed-upon set of settings meets the requirements of the task.

Clause E123. The certified wireless system method described in Clause E24, wherein the task is associated with the location.

Claim E124. The certified wireless system method described in paragraph E23, further comprising determining an agreed-upon set of settings between the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device for monitoring movement within the location.

Clause E125. The certified wireless system method described in Clause E27, further comprising determining that the agreed-upon set of settings meets requirements for monitoring the movement within the location.

Item E126. A certified wireless system as described in Item E27, wherein the movement is movement of an object within a location.

Clause E127. The certified wireless system method described in Clause E23, wherein the agreed-upon set of settings is a set of settings for the transmission of the wireless signal from the Type 1 device to the Type 2 device.

Clause E128. A method of a certified wireless system described in clause E23, determining an agreed-upon set of configurations between Type 1 devices and Type 2 devices based on a standardized protocol.

Clause E129. The certified wireless system method described in Clause E23, further comprising transmitting the wireless signal based on the agreed-upon set of settings.

Clause E130. The certified wireless system method described in Clause E23, further comprising broadcasting the wireless signal based on the agreed-upon set of settings.

Clause E131. The certified wireless system method described in Clause E20, further comprising determining that the configuration of the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device is unable to meet the requirements of the task.

Item E132. A method for a certified wireless system described in Item E34, in which determination is made based on a standardized protocol.

Clause E133. The certified wireless system method described in Clause E34, wherein the task is a monitoring task associated with the location.

Clause E134. A method of a certified wireless system described in Clause E34, wherein the task is to monitor the movement of objects within the location.

Claim E135. The certified wireless system method described in paragraph E20, further comprising exchanging the information between the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device before transmitting the wireless signal.

Claim E136. The certified wireless system method described in paragraph E20, further comprising exchanging the information between the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device during the transmission of the wireless signal.

Claim E137. The certified wireless system method described in paragraph E20, further comprising exchanging the information between the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device after the transmission of the wireless signal.

Claim E138. The certified wireless system method of Claim E20, wherein the information includes at least one of metadata, device information, manufacturing information, model information, version information, registration information, identification information, classification, category, grouping, constraints, usage information, service provider information, service information, sales information, logistics information, system information, companion system information, capability information, power information, computing information, processor information, storage information, supported system information, supported task information, performance requirements, carrier frequency, frequency information, timing information, antenna information, location-based information, software or firmware information, update information, hardware information, component information, network information, wireless network information, address information, access information, security information, encryption information, Internet information, and other information of the Type 1 device, the Type 2 device, or a device communicatively coupled to the Type 1 device or the Type 2 device.

Clause E139. A method of a certified wireless system as described in clause E20, exchanging parts of the information, comprising exchanging information between a data stream, a point-to-point stream, a multicast stream, a broadcast stream, a file, a file header, a file field, a file name, file metadata, a file directory, a file based on a standardized format, a database, a database of a storage network, a data network, a database of a server, a database of a cloud server, a database of a local server, a data packet, a data record, a data structure, a data structure based on a standard, a field of a database, a field of a data record, a field of a data structure, a field of a data packet, a server, a cloud server, a local server, a web server, a database, a publicly accessible site, a public site, a frame, a frame of a data stream, a frame of a file, a frame preamble, a frame header, a frame payload, a frame flag, a field of a frame, a field of a preamble, a field of a header, a control field, a signaling field, a protocol field, a data data field, payload field, signal field, service field, timing field, duration field, extension field, trailer field, data frame, control frame, beacon frame, beacon frame in primary channel, beacon frame in secondary channel, probe request frame, probe response frame, multicast frame, broadcast frame, frame with header, inquiry frame, response frame, acknowledgement frame, FHSS frame, DSSS frame, OFDM frame, HR-D an SSS frame, an ERP-OFDM frame, a DSSS-OFDM frame, an ERP-PBCC frame, an HT-OFDM frame, a VHT-OFDM frame, a HE-OFDM frame, a DMG frame, an EDMG frame, a TVHT frame, a SIG frame, a WUR frame, an IR frame, another frame; one or more radio frequency (RF) bands having a bandwidth of B MHz, where B is between 0.01 and 100,000; a data rate less than or equal to the rate at which the radio signal is transmitted from the Type 1 device to the Type 2 device; a short preamble for a frame; a long preamble for a frame. a preamble transmitted at a data rate of A megabits per second, where A is 0.01 to 100,000; a preamble transmitted at the lowest rate supported by the physical layer of the wireless multipath channel; and a wireless protocol. Wireless network standards, wireless messenger network standards, wireless communication standards, WiFi, WiMax, WiGig, WLAN, WMAN, IEEE 802 standards, IEEE 802.11 standards, IEEE 802.15 standards, 802.16 standards, mobile communication standards, cellular communication standards, mobile network standards, 3GPP standards, GSM, EDGE, WCDMA, LTE, 2 1G/3G/4G/5G/6G/7G/8G related standards/systems/protocols, and time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDM), multiple input multiple output (MIMO), carrier aggregation (CA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO), beamforming (BF), transmit beamforming (TxBF), receiver beamforming (RxBF), target wake time (TWT), TWT), spatial streams (SS), BSS coloring, quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), fast Fourier transform (FFT), the channel information (CI), channel state information (CSI), CSI associated with transmit and receive antennas, channel impulse response (CIR), channel frequency response (CFR), compressed CSI, and uncompressed CSI, a wireless communication protocol for calculating the CSI of the wireless multipath channel, a de facto standard, an industry standard, a national standard, an international standard, a Bluetooth standard, a BLE, a UWB standard, NFC, ZigBee, and/or other standards. or a protocol, and exchanging signals using at least one of an announcement, an announcement channel, a handshake, a handshake channel, an inquiry, an inquiry channel, signaling, a signaling channel, a primary channel, a secondary channel, a side channel, the wireless signal, a signal exchange before the wireless signal is transmitted, a signal exchange between the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device, a signal exchange between the Type 1 device and a server, a signal exchange between the Type 2 device and a server, and another means.

Item E140. The certified wireless system described in Item E20, further comprising transmitting the wireless signal based on the exchanged information.

Signals are sent based on an agreed-upon set of settings.

Claim E141. The certified wireless system described in paragraph E20, further comprising broadcasting the wireless signal based on the exchanged information.

The device functions as both Type 1 and Type 2.

Clause E142. The certified wireless system method described in Clause E1, wherein there are multiple pairs of Type 1 and Type 2 devices within the location, each respective Type 2 device asynchronously receives a respective wireless signal from a respective Type 1 device and asynchronously acquires a respective TSCI, and the device functions as a Type 1 device in a first pair and a Type 2 device in a second pair.

Each calculated CI may be an estimate of the actual CI. Estimation requirements: e.g., CI estimation error, minimum mean absolute error, minimum mean squared error, minimum maximum error, minimum mean logarithmic error, minimum weighted error, minimum trimming error, etc. Precision requirements: e.g., 8-bit precision, 12-bit, 16-bit, 20-bit, 24-bit, 32-bit, etc. Display requirements: e.g., fixed-point, floating-point, single precision, double precision, extended precision, rounding, truncation, two's complement, one's complement, absolute value, compression, etc. Encoding: e.g., compression, redundancy reduction. Real-time requirements: e.g., time lag less than 1 second, 0.1 seconds, 0.01 seconds, 0.001 seconds, 0.0001 seconds, 0.00001 seconds, etc. Buffering: storage requirements such as 1 byte, 10 bytes, 100 bytes, 1 kB, 10 kB, 1 MB, 1 GB, etc. Memory requirements: memory read time, memory write time, cache, data bus width, RAM, ROM, refresh, DRAM, SDRAM, etc. Stability/temporal consistency/correlation/outliers/deviation/tail/percentile/quantile requirements: For example, with little/no change in location, the TSCI needs to be insensitive to noise/background radiation/atmosphere/climatic conditions/computational imperfections/algorithmic trade-offs, stable over time, consistent over time, not fluctuate significantly over time, have high or low correlation over time, have very few outliers over time, have little deviation over time, have little or small statistical tail, bounded percentiles, bounded quantiles, etc. Indicator requirements: IC firmware can have interfaces that enable application software (e.g., drivers, tools in firmware or SDKs or software packages).

Clause E143. A method for a certified wireless system as described in clause E1, comprising receiving the wireless signal based on the IC of the Type 2 device, calculating the TSCI based on the IC, and obtaining the TSCI from the IC, wherein the qualification criteria for the qualification of the IC of the Type 2 device include an estimated error requirement for each CI, an estimated error requirement for the TSCI, an accuracy requirement for each CI, an accuracy requirement for the TSCI, a display requirement for the TSCI, an encoding requirement for the TSCI, a real-time requirement for the TSCI, buffering of the TSCI, a memory requirement for the TSCI, a stability requirement for the TSCI, a time consistency requirement for the TSCI, and a correlation requirement for the TSCI. the TSCI includes at least one of the following requirements: an outlier requirement for the TSCI; a deviation requirement for the TSCI; a tail requirement for the TSCI; a percentile requirement for the TSCI; a quantile requirement for the TSCI; a scalability requirement for the TSCI; an indicator for communicating the availability of at least one of a CI, a group of recent CIs, and an entire TSCI; and an accuracy requirement for the calculation of multiple consecutive CIs; and enabling the TSCI to be used with another set of instructions stored in another memory, the other set of instructions, when executed, causing another processor to monitor movement of objects within a location.

Clause E144. The method of a certified wireless system described in Clause E1, wherein the wireless signal includes a time sequence of probe signals (TSPS), and a field of the control signal indicates at least one of the following parameters of the TSPS: destination address, frequency, timing, allowed frequency, and allowed period.

Clause E145. The certified wireless system method described in Clause E18, further comprising transmitting the control signal by at least one of the Type 1 device and another device.

Clause E146. The method of a certified wireless system described in Clause E19, further comprising transmitting the control signal in at least one of a regular manner, a repeated manner, an occasional manner, an on-demand manner, a query acknowledgment manner, and a broadcast manner.

Claim E147. The method of a certified wireless system described in paragraph E1, further comprising coordinating the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device. Signaling between the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device.

Claim E148. The certified wireless system method described in paragraph E1, further comprising signaling between the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device. A signal is transmitted from the Type 1 device to the Type 2 device.

Clause E149. The method of a certified wireless system described in Clause E1, wherein the wireless signal includes at least one probe signal, the probe signal including a frame having at least one of a preamble field, a header field, a data field, a data frame, a MAC frame, a synchronization field, a training field, a delimiter field, a header field, a signal field, a service field, a length field, an error control field, and another field, and further including transmitting the at least one probe signal from the Type 1 device to the Type 2 device.

On a Wi-Fi/LTE/3G/4G/5G/6G or any wireless network, physical layer packets are sent from a Type 1 device to a Type 2 device.

Clause E150. The certified wireless system method described in Clause E1, further comprising transmitting a physical layer packet from the Type 1 device to the Type 2 device, the physical layer frame including at least one of a preamble transmitted at a first data rate with a first modulation, a header transmitted at a second data rate with a second modulation, and a physical layer payload transmitted at a third data rate with a third modulation.

Item E151. The method of a certified wireless system described in Item E6, wherein at least one of the preamble, the header, and the physical layer payload includes an area related to wireless sensing.

Clause E152. The method of a certified wireless system described in Clause E6, wherein at least one of the preamble, the header, and the physical layer payload includes a field related to sensing the location based on the TSCI.

Clause E153. The method of a certified wireless system described in Clause E6, wherein at least one of the preamble, the header, and the physical layer payload includes a field related to monitoring object movement within the location based on the TSCI.

Clause E154. The method of a certified wireless system of Clause E5, including causing the Type 2 device to make the TSCI available, signal that the TSCI is available, process the TSCI, make the processed TSCI available, signal that the processed TSCI is available, calculate an analysis based on the TSCI, make the analysis available, signal that an analysis is available, perform a task based on the analysis, perform a task in collaboration with at least one of another Type 1 device and another Type 2 device, and perform another action.

Claim E155. The certified wireless system method described in Claim E1, further comprising signaling to at least one of the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device.

Adjustment.

Claim E156. The certified wireless system method described in paragraph E1, further comprising communicating at least one of a request, a command, a response, a reply, and a signal to at least one of the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device.

Claim E157. The certified wireless system method described in paragraph E1, further comprising causing the Type 1 device to transmit the wireless signal to the Type 2 device.

Clause E158. The certified wireless system method described in Clause E4, further comprising causing the Type 1 device to transmit the wireless signal to the Type 2 device in a manner such that the TSCI meets the respective certification criteria.

Claim E159. The certified wireless system method described in paragraph E1, further comprising causing the Type 2 device to receive the wireless signal from the Type 1 device.

Clause E160. The certified wireless system method described in Clause E6, further comprising causing the Type 2 device to obtain the TSCI based on the wireless signal.

Clause E161. The method of a certified wireless system described in Clause E7, further comprising causing the Type 2 device to monitor the movement of objects in the location based on the TSCI, wherein the wireless multipath channel is affected by the movement of the objects in the location.

Clause E162. The method of a certified wireless system described in Clause E7, further comprising requesting the Type 2 device to calculate the motion characteristics of the object based on the TSCI.

Clause E163. The method of a certified wireless system described in Clause E9, further comprising requesting the Type 2 device to perform a task based on the characteristics of the object's movement calculated based on the TSCI.

Clause E164. The certified wireless system method described in Clause E1, further comprising conducting negotiations between the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device.

Clause E165. The method of a certified wireless system described in Clause E1, wherein the certification criteria are applied when the location has no change and the object has no movement.

There may be requirements for the location (e.g., in Section E2) and other requirements for testing for certification. There may also be requirements for the carrier frequency of the wireless multipath channel. For example, 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz for Wi-Fi. Let N1 be the number of antennas for the Type 1 device. Let N2 be the number of antennas for the Type 2 device. There may also be requirements for N1 and N2. For example, if the channel bandwidth is 20 MHz, the product of N1 and N2 (i.e., N1 * N2) may be required to be 4 or greater. For example, if the channel bandwidth is 40 MHz, N1 * N2 may be required to be 2, 3, or greater. For example, if the channel bandwidth is 80 MHz (e.g., 802.11n/ac) or 160 MHz (e.g., 802.11ac), N1 * N2 may be required to be 1 or greater. The thresholds used in the certification criteria may be determined/changed/adjusted based on the channel bandwidth, N1, N2, the location description, etc.

Clause E166. A method of a certified wireless system according to Clause E1, wherein the respective certification criteria include at least one of the location requirements, the wireless multipath channel requirements, the wireless signal requirements, the signaling requirements between the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device, the requirements for the Type 1 device, the requirements for the Type 2 device, the requirements for the wireless transmitter of the Type 1 device, the requirements for the wireless receiver of the Type 2 device, the requirements for the antenna of the Type 1 device, the requirements for the antenna of the Type 2 device, the requirements for the number of antennas of the Type 1 device, the requirements for the number of antennas of the Type 2 device, the requirements for the placement of the Type 1 device, the requirements for the placement of the Type 2 device, the requirements for the module of the Type 1 device, the requirements for the module of the Type 2 device, the requirements for the IC of the Type 1 device, the requirements for the IC of the Type 2 device, and a type of certification.

Item E167. A method for a certified wireless system as described in Item E3, wherein the location requirements include a location type requirement including at least one of indoor, outdoor, semi-outdoor, underground, home, office, building, warehouse, laboratory, dedicated testing facility, and another location type; a partition type requirement including at least one of drywall, drywall, fiberboard, panel, plaster, wood, metal, vinyl, stucco, shingle, asphalt, brick, stone, masonry, concrete, cement, tile, ceramic tile, glass, and another partition type; and a requirement for at least one of volume, area, width, length, height, depth, thickness, layering, and another location size. A method of certified wireless systems that includes at least one of a location size requirement, a structural requirement, including at least one of furniture, support structures, columns, beams, tables, chairs, shelves, cabinets, vehicles, and other structures, a multipath richness requirement for the location, a state requirement for the location, a movement requirement for the location, a configuration requirement for the location, a requirement that the location is at least temporarily unchanged, a requirement that the location is at least temporarily stationary, a requirement that the location is at least temporarily motionless, a requirement that there are at least temporarily no objects moving within the location, and a requirement related to another location.

Clause E168. A method for a certified wireless system as described in Clause E3, wherein the requirements for the wireless multipath channel include bandwidth requirements including at least one of 10 MHz, 20 MHz, 30 MHz, 40 MHz, 50 MHz, 60 MHz, 70 MHz, 80 MHz, 100 MHz, 160 MHz, 320 MHz, and another bandwidth; ISM bands, mobile communication bands, and mobile communication channels centered near at least one of 6.78 MHz, 13.56 MHz, 27.12 MHz, 40.68 MHz, 4.5 GHz, 33.93 MHz, 915 MHz, 2.45 GHz, 5 GHz, 5.8 GHz, 24.125 GHz, 61.25 GHz, 122.5 GHz, and 245 GHz; and 3G, 4G, LTE, 5G, 6G, 7G, and Wi-Fi bands. a carrier frequency requirement based on at least one of a band, a WiFi channel, and another carrier frequency; a standard compliance requirement including at least one of WLAN, WiFi, an 802.11 standard, an 802.15 standard, an 802.20 standard, a mobile communication standard, a 3GPP standard, 3G, 4G, LTE, 5G, 6G, 7G, 8G, a Bluetooth standard, a standard using OFDM, a standard including the calculation of the CI, and another standard; a protocol requirement, a network requirement, a signaling requirement, a signal handshaking requirement, a multiple access requirement, a channel traffic requirement, a channel availability requirement, a frequency hopping requirement, a data transmission requirement, and another channel-related requirement.

Clause E169. The method of clause E3 for a certified radio system, wherein the requirements for the radio signal include the radio signal including a time series of probe signals (TSPS), protocol requirements, network requirements, signaling requirements, signal handshaking requirements, multiple access requirements, radio signal traffic requirements, modulation requirements, frequency hopping requirements, data transmission requirements, transmit power requirements for the TSPS, probing frequency requirements for the TSPS, probing timing requirements for the TSPS, sounding frequency requirements for the TSPS, sounding timing requirements for the TSPS, timing requirements for the TSPS, rapid fire timing requirements for the TSPS, pulse timing requirements for the TSPS, progressive timing requirements for the TSPS, time varying timing requirements for the TSPS, timing jitter requirements for the TSPS, broadcast requirements associated with each probe signal, and signaling requirements associated with each probe signal. a protocol requirement associated with each probe signal; a handshake requirement associated with each probe signal; a requirement for a preceding signal that triggers the Type 1 device to transmit a probe signal; a requirement for a preceding signal in which the probe signal is an acknowledgment in a handshake; a requirement for a preceding signal in which the probe signal is a response in a handshake; a requirement for a data field of a probe signal that causes the Type 2 device to acquire a CI; a header field requirement for a probe signal that causes the Type 2 device to acquire a CI; a data field requirement for a packet of a probe signal that causes the Type 2 device to acquire a CI; a control data field requirement for a probe signal that causes the Type 2 device to acquire a CI; and other signal-related requirements.

Claim E170. A method for certified system requirements according to paragraph E3, wherein the requirements for the Type 1 device include at least one of placement requirements, installation requirements, processor requirements, memory requirements, software requirements, system requirements, power requirements, interface requirements, transmission requirements, housing requirements, signaling requirements, environmental requirements, antenna type requirements, antenna number requirements, antenna gain requirements, antenna placement requirements, antenna radiation requirements, antenna material requirements, antenna structure requirements, and other Type 1 device requirements.

Clause E171. A method of a certified system according to Clause E3, wherein the requirements for the Type 2 device include at least one of placement requirements, installation requirements, processor requirements, memory requirements, software requirements, system requirements, power requirements, interface requirements, transmission requirements, housing requirements, signaling requirements, environmental requirements, antenna type requirements, antenna number requirements, antenna gain requirements, antenna placement requirements, antenna radiation requirements, antenna material requirements, antenna structure requirements, and other Type 2 device requirements.

Consider two CIs. Qualification criteria: The first CI and the second CI are similar (e.g., TRRS is sufficiently high and stationary/stable). The predictor of the first CI based on the first and second CIs is similar. The predictor may be a zero-order hold, i.e., the predictor may be the second CI. It may be a first-order (e.g., linear) predictor based on two previous CIs. It may also be a second-order (based on three past CIs) or higher-order predictor or other predictor. Alternatively, the first and second times are close to each other.

Clause E172. A certified wireless system as described in clause E1, wherein the first CI of the TSCI is acquired by the Type 2 device at a first time, and the second CI of the TSCI is acquired by the Type 2 device at a second time, and the certification criteria are that the first CI and the second CI are similar (described in different words), the first CI and the second CI are similar, there is little change between the first CI and the second CI, the first CI is in the vicinity of the second CI, a similarity score between the first CI and the second CI is greater than a threshold, a variation score between the first CI and the second CI is less than a threshold, and a distance score between the first CI and the second CI is less than a threshold; A method for a certified wireless system, comprising at least one of: a predictor of a first CI based on a first CI and a second CI is similar, and the predictor may be a second CI, a linear predictor, a quadratic predictor, a higher-order predictor, or another predictor; or a predictor of a first CI based on the first CI and the second CI may be similar, and there is little change between the first CI and the predictor, the first CI is in the vicinity of the predictor, a similarity score between the first CI and the predictor is greater than a threshold, a variation score between the first CI and the predictor is less than a threshold, a distance score between the first CI and the predictor is less than a threshold, and features of the first CI and corresponding features of the second CI are similar. The features may include at least one of magnitude, phase, magnitude squared, subcarrier, subcarrier magnitude, subcarrier phase, tab, component, component magnitude, component phase, time domain component, frequency domain component, subset, average, weighted average, trimmed average, percentile, a function of another feature (e.g., absolute value, square, polynomial, root, square root, cube root, exponential, trigonometric function, logarithm, etc.), and the like. The features of the first CI and the features of the second CI are similar, the features of the first CI are near the features of the second CI, the similarity score between the features of the first CI and the features of the second CI is greater than a threshold, the variation score between the features of the first CI and the features of the second CI is less than a threshold, the distance score between the features of the first CI and the features of the second CI is less than a threshold, and the features of the first CI and the corresponding features of the predicted CI of the first CI are similar.

The features of the first CI and the features of the predictor of the first CI based on the second CI are similar, the features of the first CI are near the features of the predictor, a similarity score between the features of the first CI and the features of the predictor is greater than a threshold, a variation score between the features of the first CI and the features of the predictor is less than a threshold, a distance score between the features of the first CI and the features of the predictor is less than a threshold, the first time and the second time are close to each other, the first time and the second time are similar, the first time is near the second time, the first CI and the second CI are adjacent CIs within the TSCI, the first time and the second time are adjacent sampling times of the Type 2 device, the difference between the first time and the second time is less than a threshold, and other qualification criteria.

Clause E173. A certified wireless system as described in clause E1, wherein the wireless signals include a time series of probe signals (TSPS), wherein a first probe signal transmitted by the Type 1 device at a first transmission time is associated with a first CI of the TSCI acquired by the Type 2 device at a first time, and a second probe signal transmitted by the Type 1 device at a second transmission time is associated with a second CI of the TSCI acquired by the Type 2 device at a second time, and the certification criteria are that the first and second transmission times are close/similar to each other (described in different words), that the first transmission time and the second transmission time are similar, that there is little change between the first transmission time and the second transmission time, and that the first transmission time is closer to the second transmission time. a first probe signal and a second probe signal being adjacent probe signals in the time sequence of probe signals; the first transmission time and the second transmission time being adjacent transmission times of the Type 1 device; the difference between the first transmission time and the second transmission time being less than a threshold; the first and second transmission times or the first and second times being close/similar (worded differently) to each other; two of the first transmission time, the first time, the second transmission time, and the second time being similar; there is little variation between the two times; the two times being in the vicinity of each other; the difference between the two times being less than a threshold; or another certification criterion.

Clause E174. A method for a certified wireless system as described in clause E1, wherein there are multiple CIs of the TSCI within a certain period of time, and the certification criteria are: the multiple CIs are similar (described in different words); the multiple CIs are similar; the multiple CIs are consistent; there is little variation between the multiple CIs; there are little outliers between the multiple CIs; the multiple CIs are all in close proximity; the multiple CIs are all in a tight cluster; the similarity scores of the multiple CIs are greater than a threshold; the variation scores of the multiple CIs are less than a threshold; the distance scores of the multiple CIs are less than a threshold; by majority vote, the similarity scores of the multiple CIs are greater than a threshold for at least a certain percentage of the period; the variation scores of a number of CIs are less than a threshold for at least a certain percentage of the time period; the distance scores of the plurality of CIs are less than a threshold for at least a certain percentage of the time period; the similarity scores of the plurality of CIs are less than a threshold for at most a certain percentage of the time period; the variation scores of the plurality of CIs are greater than a threshold for at most a certain percentage of the time period; the distance scores of the plurality of CIs are greater than a threshold for at most a certain percentage of the time period; several possible similarity scores based on pairwise similarity scores; the average of the pairwise similarity scores of the plurality of CIs is greater than a threshold; the median of the pairwise similarity scores of the plurality of CIs is greater than a threshold; the mode of the pairwise similarity scores of the plurality of CIs is greater than a threshold, the percentile of the pairwise similarity scores of the plurality of CIs is greater than a threshold, the minimum pairwise similarity score of the plurality of CIs is greater than a threshold, the weighted average of the pairwise similarity scores of the plurality of CIs is greater than a threshold, the variance of the pairwise similarity scores of the plurality of CIs is less than a threshold, any possible similarity score based on pairwise similarity scores relative to a centroid (mean), the average of the pairwise similarity scores of the plurality of CIs from a centroid of the plurality of CIs is greater than a threshold, the median of the pairwise similarity scores of the plurality of CIs from a centroid is greater than a threshold, the pairwise similarity scores of the plurality of CIs from a centroid are greater than a threshold, A method for a certified wireless system, comprising at least one of the following certification criteria: a mode of similarity scores is greater than a threshold; a percentile of the pairwise similarity scores of the plurality of CIs from the centroid is greater than a threshold; a minimum pairwise similarity score of the plurality of CIs from the centroid is greater than a threshold; a weighted average of the pairwise similarity scores of the plurality of CIs from the centroid is greater than a threshold; a variance of the pairwise similarity scores of the plurality of CIs from the centroid is less than a threshold; several possible variation scores or distance scores, the variance of the plurality of CIs is less than a threshold; an average distance of the plurality of CIs from the centroid is less than a threshold; central moments of the plurality of CIs are less than a threshold; kurtosis of the plurality of CIs is less than a threshold; a tailedness measure of the plurality of CIs is less than a threshold; an outlier measure of the plurality of CIs is less than a threshold; and another certification criterion.

Similar to section E4, except that "features" of a CI are used instead of the CI itself. Consider a CI over a period of time as a set of random data. Features may include at least one of magnitude, phase, magnitude squared, subcarrier, subcarrier magnitude, subcarrier phase, tab, component, component magnitude, component phase, time domain component, frequency domain component, subset, mean, weighted mean, trimmed mean, percentile, or a function of another feature (e.g., absolute value, square, polynomial, root, square root, cube root, exponential, trigonometric function, logarithm, etc.).

Clause E175. A method for a certified wireless system as described in clause E1, wherein there are multiple CIs of the TSCI within a certain period of time, and the certification criteria are: the features of the multiple CIs are similar (described in different words); the features of each of the multiple CIs are similar; the features of each of the multiple CIs are consistent; there is little variation in the features among the multiple CIs; there are little outliers in the features among the multiple CIs; the features of the multiple CIs are close; the features of the multiple CIs are in tight clusters; the similarity scores of the features of the multiple CIs are greater than a threshold; the variation scores of the features of the multiple CIs are less than a threshold; the distance scores of the features of the multiple CIs are less than a threshold; by majority vote, the similarity scores of the features of the multiple CIs are greater than a threshold for at least a certain percentage of the period; the association score of the feature of the plurality of CIs is less than a threshold for at least a certain percentage of the time period; the distance score of the feature of the plurality of CIs is less than a threshold for at least a certain percentage of the time period; the similarity score of the feature of the plurality of CIs is less than a threshold for at most a certain percentage of the time period; the variation score of the feature of the plurality of CIs is greater than a threshold for at most a certain percentage of the time period; the distance score of the feature of the plurality of CIs is greater than a threshold for at most a certain percentage of the time period; several possible similarity scores based on pairwise similarity scores; the average of the pairwise similarity scores of the feature of the plurality of CIs is greater than a threshold; the median of the pairwise similarity scores of the feature of the plurality of CIs is greater than a threshold; the percentile of the pairwise similarity scores of the features of the plurality of CIs is greater than a threshold; the minimum pairwise similarity score of the features of the plurality of CIs is greater than a threshold; the weighted average of the pairwise similarity scores of the features of the plurality of CIs is greater than a threshold; the variance of the pairwise similarity scores of the features of the plurality of CIs is less than a threshold; several possible similarity scores based on pairwise similarity scores relative to a centroid (mean); the average of the pairwise similarity scores of the features of the plurality of CIs from a centroid of the plurality of CIs is greater than a threshold; the median of the pairwise similarity scores of the features of the plurality of CIs from a centroid is greater than a threshold; the mode of the pairwise similarity scores of the features of the plurality of CIs from a centroid is greater than a threshold; A method for a certified wireless system, comprising at least one of the following qualification criteria: a percentile value of the feature of the plurality of CIs from the centroid is greater than a threshold; a minimum pairwise similarity score of the feature of the plurality of CIs from the centroid is greater than a threshold; a weighted average of the pairwise similarity scores of the feature of the plurality of CIs from the centroid is greater than a threshold; a variance of the pairwise similarity scores of the feature of the plurality of CIs from the centroid is less than a threshold; several possible variation scores or distance scores; a variance of the feature of the plurality of CIs is less than a threshold; an average distance of the feature of the plurality of CIs from the centroid is less than a threshold; a central moment of the feature of the plurality of CIs is less than a threshold; a kurtosis of the feature of the plurality of CIs is less than a threshold; a tailness measure of the feature of the plurality of CIs is less than a threshold; an outlier measure of the feature of the plurality of CIs is less than a threshold; and another qualification criteria.

Consider the CI for two periods. The qualification criterion is that the two sets should be close to each other and form a tight cluster.

Clause E176. A method for a certified wireless system as described in clause E1, wherein a first set of CIs exists within the TSCI during a first period and a second set of CIs exists within the TSCI during a second period, and the certification criteria are that the multiple CIs are similar (described in different words), the first set of CIs is self-similar, the first set of CIs is self-consistent, the second set of CIs is self-similar, the second set of CIs is self-consistent, the first set of CIs and the second set of CIs are similar, there is little variation within the first set of CIs, there is little variation within the second set of CIs, and the first set of CIs and the second set of CIs are similar. There is little change between the first set of CIs and a second set of CIs; there are few outliers within the first set of CIs; there are few outliers within the second set of CIs; there are few outliers in the combination of the first set of CIs and the second set of CIs; all of the first set of CIs are nearby; all of the second set of CIs are nearby; all of the first set of CIs and the second set of CIs are nearby; all of the first set of CIs are in a high-density cluster; all of the second set of CIs are in a high-density cluster; and the second set of CIs are all in a high-density cluster, a similarity score of the first set of CIs is greater than a threshold, a similarity score of the second set of CIs is greater than a threshold, a similarity score between the first set of CIs and the second set of CIs is greater than a threshold, a variation score of the first set of CIs is less than a threshold, a variation score of the second set of CIs is less than a threshold, a variation score between the first set of CIs and the second set of CIs is less than a threshold, a distance score of the first set of CIs is less than a threshold, a distance score between the first set of CIs and the second set of CIs is less than a threshold, a distance score between the first set of CIs and the second set of CIs is less than a threshold, a majority vote determines that the similarity score of the first set of CIs is greater than a threshold for at least a certain percentage of the period, a similarity score of the second set of CIs is greater than a threshold for at least a certain percentage of the period, a similarity score between the first set of CIs and the second set of CIs is greater than a threshold for at least a certain percentage of the period, and a variation score of the first set of CIs is greater than a threshold for at least a certain percentage of the period. The variation score of the second set of CIs is less than a threshold for at least a percentage of the period, the variation score of the first set of CIs and the second set of CIs is less than a threshold for at least a percentage of the period, the distance score of the first set of CIs is less than a threshold for at least a percentage of the period, the distance score of the second set of CIs is less than a threshold for at least a percentage of the period, and the distance score of the first set of CIs and the second set of CIs is less than a threshold for at least a percentage of the period. The similarity score of the first set of CIs is below a threshold for at least a certain percentage of the period, the similarity score of the second set of CIs is below a threshold for at most a certain percentage of the period, the similarity score between the first set of CIs and the second set of CIs is less than a threshold for at most a certain percentage of the period, the variation score of the first set of CIs is greater than a threshold for at most a certain percentage of the period, and the variation score of the second set of CIs is greater than a threshold for at most a certain percentage of the period. a variation score between the first set of CIs and the second set of CIs is greater than a threshold for at most a percentage of the period; a distance score between the first set of CIs is greater than a threshold for at most a percentage of the period; a distance score between the second set of CIs is greater than a threshold for at most a percentage of the period; a distance score between the first set of CIs and the second set of CIs is greater than a threshold for at most a percentage of the period; several possible similarity scores based on pairwise similarity scores, an average value of the pairwise similarity scores of the first set of CIs being greater than a threshold, an average value of the pairwise similarity scores of the second set of CIs being greater than a threshold, an average value of the pairwise similarity scores of the first set of CIs and the second set of CIs being greater than a threshold, a median of the pairwise similarity scores of the first set of CIs being greater than a threshold, a median of the pairwise similarity scores of the second set of CIs being greater than a threshold, and a median of the pairwise similarity scores of the first set of CIs and the second set of CIs being greater than a threshold. The median of the similarity scores is greater than a threshold, the mode of the pairwise similarity scores of the first set of CIs is greater than a threshold, the mode of the pairwise similarity scores of the second set of CIs is greater than a threshold, the mode of the pairwise similarity scores of the first set of CIs and the second set of CIs is greater than a threshold, a percentile value of the pairwise similarity scores of the first set of CIs is greater than a threshold, a percentile value of the pairwise similarity scores of the second set of CIs is greater than a threshold, and A percentile value of the pairwise similarity scores is greater than a threshold, a minimum pairwise similarity score for the first set of CIs is greater than a threshold, a minimum pairwise similarity score for the second set of CIs is greater than a threshold, a minimum pairwise similarity score for the first set of CIs and the second set of CIs is greater than a threshold, a weighted average of the pairwise similarity scores for the first set of CIs is greater than a threshold, a weighted average of the pairwise similarity scores for the second set of CIs is greater than a threshold, and the pairwise similarity scores for the first set of CIs and the second set of CIs are greater than a threshold. a weighted average of the pairwise similarity scores of the first set of CIs is greater than a threshold, the variance of the pairwise similarity scores of the first set of CIs is less than a threshold, the variance of the pairwise similarity scores of the second set of CIs is less than a threshold, the variance of the pairwise similarity scores of the first set of CIs and the second set of CIs is less than a threshold, any possible similarity score based on pairwise similarity scores relative to a centroid (average), the average of the pairwise similarity scores of the first set of CIs from the centroids of the plurality of CIs is greater than a threshold, and the variance of the pairwise similarity scores of the second set of CIs from the centroids of the plurality of CIs is greater than a threshold. an average of the pairwise similarity scores of the first set of CIs and the second set of CIs from the centroids of the plurality of CIs is greater than a threshold, an average of the pairwise similarity scores of the first set of CIs and the second set of CIs from the centroids is greater than a threshold, a median of the pairwise similarity scores of the first set of CIs from the centroids is greater than a threshold, a median of the pairwise similarity scores of the second set of CIs from the centroids is greater than a threshold, a median of the pairwise similarity scores of the first set of CIs and the second set of CIs from the centroids is greater than a threshold, and a mode of the pairwise similarity scores of the first set of CIs from the centroids. is greater than a threshold, the mode of the pairwise similarity scores of the second set of CIs from the centroid is greater than a threshold, the mode of the pairwise similarity scores of the first set of CIs and the set of second CIs from the centroid is greater than a threshold, the percentile of the pairwise similarity scores of the first set of CIs from the centroid is greater than a threshold, the percentile of the pairwise similarity scores of the second set of CIs from the centroid is greater than a threshold, the percentile of the pairwise similarity scores of the first set of CIs and the set of second CIs from the centroid is greater than a threshold, a minimum pairwise similarity score of the first set of CIs from a centroid is greater than a threshold, a minimum pairwise similarity score of the second set of CIs from a centroid is greater than a threshold, a minimum pairwise similarity score of the first set of CIs and the second set of CIs from a centroid is greater than a threshold, a weighted average of the pairwise similarity scores of the first set of CIs from a centroid is greater than a threshold, a weighted average of the pairwise similarity scores of the second set of CIs from a centroid is greater than a threshold, a minimum pairwise similarity score of the first set of CIs and the second set of CIs from a centroid is greater than a threshold a weighted average of the pairwise similarity scores of the first set of CIs from a centroid is greater than a threshold, a variance of the pairwise similarity scores of the second set of CIs from a centroid is less than a threshold, a variance of the pairwise similarity scores of the first set of CIs and the second set of CIs from a centroid is less than a threshold, a possible variation score or distance score, a variance of the first set of CIs is less than a threshold, a variance of the second set of CIs is less than a threshold, and a variance of the first set of CIs and the second set of CIs is less than a threshold. the variance of the set of CIs is less than a threshold, the average distance of the first set of CIs from the center of gravity is less than a threshold, the average distance of the second set of CIs from the center of gravity is less than a threshold, the average distance of the first set of CIs and the second set of CIs from the center of gravity is less than a threshold, the central moment of the first set of CIs is less than a threshold, the central moment of the second set of CIs is less than a threshold, the central moments of the first set of CIs and the second set of CIs are less than a threshold, the kurtosis of the first set of CIs is less than a threshold, and the kurtosis of the second set of CIs is less than a threshold; , the kurtosis of the first set of CIs and the second set of CIs is less than a threshold, the tailness measure of the first set of CIs is less than a threshold, the tailness measure of the second set of CIs is less than a threshold, the tailness measure of the first set of CIs and the second set of CIs is less than a threshold, the outlier measure of the first set of CIs is less than a threshold, the outlier measure of the second set of CIs is less than a threshold, the outlier measure of the first set of CIs and the second set of CIs is less than a threshold, and another requirement criterion.

Claim E177. A method for a certified wireless system described in paragraph E1, further comprising performing a task based on the TSCI.

Clause E178. The method of a certified wireless system described in Clause E1, further comprising monitoring, based on the TSCI, movement of an object at the location, wherein the wireless multipath channel is affected by the movement of the object at the location.

Clause E179. The method of a certified wireless system described in Clause E16, further comprising calculating the movement characteristics of the object based on the TSCI.

Clause E180. The method of a certified wireless system described in Clause E17, further comprising calculating a current characteristic of the object's movement based on the TSCI and at least one of past characteristics of the object's movement.

Clause E181. The method of a certified wireless system described in Clause E18, further comprising: calculating current characteristics of the object's movement based on at least one of a current window and past characteristics of the TSCI; and calculating past characteristics of the object's movement based on at least one of past windows of the TSCI.

Claim E182. The method of the certified wireless system of Claim E17, wherein the features include at least one of: frequency of repetitive motion, frequency characteristics, vital characteristics, respiratory rate, heart rate, frequency spectrum, period of repetitive motion, time characteristics, time profile, time, timing, start time, end time, duration, history, trend, prediction, motion type, motion characteristics, motion intensity, motion measure, motion classification, identification, presence, proximity, proximity, count, number of people, position, geometry, speed, velocity, displacement, distance, range, orientation, angle, acceleration, rotational speed, rotational characteristics, gait cycle of the object, gesture, transient behavior of the object, transient motion, change, change in motion, change in frequency, change in duration, change in gait cycle, event, sudden motion, fall event, and other features.

Claim E183. The certified wireless system method described in paragraph E17, further comprising performing a task based on the movement characteristics of the object.

Claim E184. The certified wireless system method described in paragraph E21, further comprising generating a presentation related to the task.

Claim E185. A method of the limited wireless system described in Claim E22, further comprising generating a presentation in a user interface (UI) of the user device.

Clause E186. The method of the certified wireless system of clause E21, wherein the tasks include object detection, presence detection, proximity detection, object recognition, activity recognition, object verification, object counting, daily activity monitoring, health monitoring, vital signs monitoring, health status monitoring, infant monitoring, elderly monitoring, sleep monitoring, sleep stage monitoring, gait monitoring, movement monitoring, tool detection, tool recognition, tool verification, patient detection, patient monitoring, patient verification, machine detection, machine recognition, machine verification, human detection, human recognition, human verification, infant detection, infant recognition, infant verification, human breathing detection, human breathing recognition, human breathing estimation, human breathing verification, human heart rate detection, human heart rate recognition, human heart rate estimation, human heart rate verification, fall detection, fall recognition, fall estimation, fall verification, emotion detection, emotion recognition, emotion estimation, emotion verification, motion detection, motion degree estimation. , motion recognition, motion estimation, motion verification, periodic motion detection, periodic motion recognition, periodic motion estimation, periodic motion verification, repetitive motion detection, repetitive motion recognition, repetitive motion estimation, repetitive motion verification, static motion detection, static motion recognition, static motion estimation, static motion verification, cyclostationary motion detection, cyclostationary motion recognition, cyclostationary motion estimation, cyclostationary motion verification, transient motion detection, transient motion recognition, transient motion estimation, transient motion verification, trend detection, trend recognition, trend estimation, trend verification, breathing detection, breathing recognition, breathing estimation, breathing verification, human biometrics detection, human biometrics recognition, human biometrics estimation, human biometrics verification, environmental informatics detection, environmental informatics recognition, environmental informatics estimation, verification, environmental informatics verification , gait detection, gait recognition, gait estimation, gait verification, gesture detection, gesture recognition, gesture estimation, gesture verification, machine learning, supervised learning, unsupervised learning, semi-supervised learning, clustering, feature extraction, feature training, principal component analysis, eigenvalue decomposition, frequency decomposition, time decomposition, time-frequency decomposition, function decomposition, other decomposition, training, discriminative training, supervised training, unsupervised training, semi-supervised training, neural networks, sudden movement detection, fall detection, hazard detection, life-threatening detection, regular movement detection, static movement detection, cyclostationary movement detection, intrusion detection, suspicious movement detection, security, safety monitoring, navigation, guidance, map-based processing, map-based correction, anomaly detection, localization, indoor sensing, tracking, multiple objects A method of certified wireless systems including at least one of object tracking, indoor tracking, indoor positioning, indoor navigation, energy management, power transmission, wireless power transmission, object counting, tracking cars in a parking garage, activating/deactivating/wake-up/sleep/controlling devices/systems (security systems, access systems, alarms, sirens, speakers, televisions, entertainment systems, cameras, heating/air conditioning (HVAC) systems, ventilation systems, lighting systems, gaming systems, coffee machines, cooking devices, cleaning devices, housekeeping devices, etc.), shape estimation, augmented reality, wireless communication, data communication, signal broadcasting, networking, coordination, management, encryption, protection, cloud computing, other processes, and other tasks.

Clause E187. A method for a certified wireless system, comprising: receiving, by a Type 2 heterogeneous wireless device, a wireless signal transmitted by a Type 1 heterogeneous wireless device to the Type 2 device through a wireless multipath channel at a location; and obtaining a time series of channel information (CI) of the wireless multipath channel based on the wireless signal using a processor of the Type 2 device, a memory communicatively coupled to the processor, and a set of instructions stored in the memory; wherein at least one of the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device is certified if the time series of CI satisfies a corresponding certification criterion.

Item E188. A method for a certified wireless system according to Item E1, wherein the wireless signal is compatible with a standard.

Claim E189. The certified wireless system method of Claim E1, wherein the wireless signals include at least one of a pilot signal, a token signal, a control signal, a physical layer signal, a MAC layer signal, a handshake signal, a probe signal, a ping signal, an acknowledgment signal, a query signal, a response signal, a data signal, a hybrid signal, a standard-compliant signal, a signal having a header, a signal having a header including a probe pattern, a signal having a header data field that is a probe pattern, a signal having a payload, a signal having an identifier of the Type 1 device, a signal having an identifier of the Type 2 device, a time-stamped signal, a signal with a destination address, a signal with a destination MAC address, an IEEE 802 standard-compliant signal, a mobile communications standard-compatible signal, a wireless standard-compatible signal, a protocol-compliant signal, a point-to-point signal, a broadcast signal, and other signals.

Item E190. A method for a certified wireless system according to Item E3, wherein the probe signal is compatible with a standard.

Some embodiments of the present disclosure disclose a method for automatic online certification of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, such as bots. In one embodiment, two or more mesh access point (AP) devices are used to detect whether a room is static. One of the AP devices is then used to discover IoT devices and perform the certification tests.

For example, IoT devices (e.g., Echo Dot, Apple TV, Vivint camera, etc.) can be eligible to be used as a bot offline. For example, in the case of an Echo Dot, CSI is captured in an empty room or home, moving with breathing. The quality of the CSI can be checked. This process can also be moved to the origin online. To determine whether a device can be used for movement, the following can be done: First, existing motion sensing can be used to determine if the house is empty. If the home is known to be empty, CSI is captured with the IoT device to be eligible. If the CSI is good, the IoT device can be added to the sensing list for that network. For example, if there is an existing Velop device running in the home for Linksys Aware, the Velop can be used to know if the home is empty. Next, CSI between the Velop and the IoT device is captured to see if the CSI is good. If so, the IoT device is added to the Velop network for sensing.

The disclosed certification method can be used for mesh devices as well as standalone routers. In one case, the home router is the only device it can control. For example, there is a whitelist of devices that are already pre-qualified, such as Echo Dot, Google Home Mini, Belkin WeMo smart plugs, and wiz lights. These devices can be used for initial sensing to know if the home is empty, and then check out other devices to see if they are OK and should be certified.

In various embodiments of the present disclosure, exemplary methods for a certified wireless system may be further disclosed in the following sections.

Clause E191. The certified wireless system method of clause E1, further comprising: obtaining a second TSCI of a second wireless multipath channel of a location based on a second wireless signal transmitted from a second Type 1 device and received by a second Type 2 device, where one of the second Type 1 device and the second Type 2 device is certified and the other is a device to be certified; performing a qualification test based on the second TSCI; and determining the to-be-qualified device as qualified based on a determination that qualification criteria associated with the qualification test are met.

When a new device is certified, the database of certified devices is updated. The database can be associated with the certified device.

Clause E192. The method of a certified wireless system described in test clause E191, further comprising updating a database of certified devices associated with at least one of the certified device, the certified device between the second Type 1 device and the second Type 2 device, the location, the second wireless signal, the second wireless multipath channel, and at least one associated task associated with at least one of the certification test and the certification criteria.

The new device may then be registered as certified.

Item E193. A certified wireless system method according to Item E191, further comprising registering the certified device as a certified device.

The new device can then be registered as certified for the task.

Clause E194. The certified wireless system method described in Clause E191, further comprising registering the certified device as a certified device for tasks related to at least one of the certification test and the certification criteria.

Once certified, the newly certified device (whether a Type 1 or Type 2 device) can be used in conjunction with a third certified device to obtain a third TSCI for use in another task.

Clause E195. The certified wireless system method described in Clause E191, further comprising: obtaining a third TSCI for a third wireless multipath channel of the location based on a third wireless signal transmitted between the certified device determined to be certified and another certified device; and making the third TSCI available for another task.

The third certified device can query a database of certified devices to obtain information about the newly certified device.

Clause E196. A method of a certified wireless system described in Clause E195, wherein the other certified device sends a query to a database of certified devices associated with the location, and the other certified device retrieves information about the certified device from the database.

Information about the newly certified device may be sent to a third certified device.

Clause E197. The method of a certified wireless system described in Clause E196, wherein the information about the certified device includes at least one of the following: identification information (ID) of the certified device, a method of communicating with the certified device, the second wireless multipath channel, the second wireless signal, a list of supported features of the certified device, and coordination information between the certified device and the other certified device.

The second radio channel may be 80 MHz. The third radio channel may be a subset of 80 MHz (i.e., a subset of the second channel), e.g., 40 MHz, 20 MHz, 10 MHz, or frequency hopping within 80 MHz (e.g., 20 MHz at a time).

Item E198. A method for a certified wireless system described in Item E195, wherein the second wireless multipath channel includes the third wireless multipath channel.

Transmission and reception may be coordinated, perhaps by another device, or the authorized device, or another authorized device.

Clause E199. The certified wireless system method described in Clause E195, further comprising coordinating the transmission and reception of the third wireless signal between the certified device and the other certified device.

Transmission and reception can be configured to comply with one or more standards, such as Wi-Fi standards and IEEE 802.11.

Clause E200. The certified wireless system method described in Clause E195, further comprising configuring the transmission and reception of the third wireless signal between the certified device and the other certified device in compliance with at least one of a protocol, a standard, and a signaling requirement.

Clause E201. The method of a certified wireless system described in Clause E200, further comprising configuring at least one of the sounding frequency, sounding period, sounding timing, carrier frequency, bandwidth, protocol, networking, signaling, handshaking, multiple access, channel traffic characteristics, channel availability characteristics, frequency hopping characteristics, probe signal options, and other signal characteristics of the third wireless signal.

Special case: The certified device may be a Type 1 device or a Type 2 device (section E1).

Claim E202. The certified wireless system method described in paragraph E195, wherein the certified device is one of the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device.

Special case: The certified device may also be another certified device.

Clause E203. The certified wireless system method described in Clause E195, wherein the other certified device is a certified device between the second Type 1 device and the second Type 2 device.

A new device can request the certification test. The location may be determined to be stationary or otherwise suitable for the certification test based on TSCI captured by a pair of certified Type 1 and Type 2 devices. Alternatively, the new device may request to join a group of "certified devices" associated with the certified device.

Clause E204. The certified wireless system method of clause E200, comprising: receiving a request associated with the device to be certified; determining that the location is in suitable test conditions for the certification test based on the TSCI, whereby both the Type 1 device and the Type 2 device are certified; and adjusting the second Type 1 device to transmit the second wireless signal on the second wireless multipath channel at the location and adjusting the second Type 2 device to receive it.

Section E205. The certified wireless system method of claim E204, wherein the requests include a request from the certified device to the certified device, a request from the certified device to at least one of the Type 1 device, the Type 2 device, the processor, and the memory, a request from the certified device to a server communicatively coupled to the certified device, a request for certification of the certified device, a request that the certified device be certified as a certified Type 1 (TX) device, a request that the certified device be certified as a certified Type 1 (TX) device for at least one second task, a request that the certified device be certified as a certified Type 2 (RX) device, a request that the certified device be certified as a certified Type 2 (RX) device for at least one second task, a request that the certified device be certified as both a certified Type 1 device and a certified Type 2 device, a request that the certified device be certified as both a certified Type 1 device and a certified Type 2 device for the at least one second task, and a request for certification of the certified device using the certified device. A method for a certified wireless system including at least one of a request to initiate at least one second task, a request for the certified device to join the second task, a request to perform a certification test for the certified device, a request to perform the certification test associated with at least one second task for the certified device, a request for the certified device to join a group of certified devices, a request for the certified device to join a group of certified devices associated with at least one second task, a request for the certified device to join a group of certified devices associated with at least one Type 1 (TX) device and a Type 2 (RX) device associated with the second task, a request for transmission and reception of the second wireless signal within the location for the certification test and the at least one second task, a request for use of the second wireless multipath channel within the location for the certification test and the at least one second task, a request for transmission and reception of the second wireless signal within the second wireless multipath channel for the certification test and the at least one second task, and another request.

"Conditions suitable for testing" may include the location having no change, no object movement, or the TSCI remaining stationary or still.

Clause E206. The method for a certified wireless system described in clause E204, wherein the conditions suitable for the test include at least one of: no detectable motion is detected in the TSCI-based motion detection test; a low level of motion is detected in the TSCI-based motion detection test; no detectable change is detected in the TSCI-based change detection test; the wireless multipath channel is stationary in the TSCI-based stationarity test; the wireless multipath channel is stable in the TSCI-based stability test; the channel traffic of the wireless multipath channel is low; the noise level in the wireless multipath channel traffic is low; movement of a target object related to at least one of the qualification test and a task related to the qualification test is detected based on the TSCI; and movement of the target object is predicted based on the TSCI.

A method for a certified wireless system in which target object motion is normally monitored based on TSCI. Target repeatable object motion is detected based on TSCI, and other channel conditions are detected based on TSCI. Special case: Both the second Type 1 device and the second Type 2 device must be certified and are certified together in the certification test.

Clause E207. The certified wireless system method described in Clause E200, wherein both the second Type 1 device and the second Type 2 device are certified devices, and both certified devices are determined to be certified based on a determination that the certification criteria associated with the certification test are satisfied.

The above features may be advantageously implemented in one or more computer programs executable on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor coupled to receive data and instructions from and transmit data and instructions to a data storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device. A computer program is a sequence of instructions used directly or indirectly in a computer to perform a particular activity or bring about a particular result. Computer programs may be written in any form of programming language (e.g., C, Java), including compiled or interpreted languages, and may be arranged in any form, including as stand-alone programs or modules, components, subroutines, browser-based web applications, or other units suitable for use in a computing environment.

Processors suitable for executing a program of instructions include, for example, general-purpose and special-purpose microprocessors, digital signal processors, and the sole processor or one of multiple processors or cores of any kind of computer. Typically, a processor receives instructions and data from read-only memory or random-access memory, or both. The essential elements of a computer are a processor for executing instructions and one or more memories for storing instructions and data. Typically, a computer also includes, or is operatively coupled to communicate with, one or more mass storage devices for storing data files; such devices include internal hard disks and removable disks, such as magnetic disks, magneto-optical disks, and optical disks. Storage devices suitable for embodied computer program instructions and data include all forms of non-volatile memory, including, by way of example, semiconductor memory devices such as EPROM, EEPROM, and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, such as internal hard disks, magneto-optical disks, and removable disks, such as CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks. The processor and the memory may be supplemented by, or incorporated in, ASICs (application-specific integrated circuits).

While the present disclosure includes many specific implementation details, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the disclosure or what may be claimed, but rather as descriptions of features specific to particular embodiments of the present disclosure. Certain features that are described in this specification in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable combination.

Similarly, while operations are shown in the figures in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring such operations to be performed in the particular order shown, or in any sequential order, or that all of the operations shown be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain situations, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Furthermore, the separation of various system components in the above embodiments should not be understood as requiring such separation in all embodiments, and it should be understood that the program components and systems described may generally be integrated together in a single software product or packaged in multiple software products.

Specific embodiments of the subject matter have been described. Any combination of the features and architectures described above is intended to be within the scope of the following claims. Other embodiments are also within the scope of the following claims. In some cases, the actions recited in the claims may be performed in a different order and still achieve desirable results. Additionally, the processes depicted in the accompanying figures do not necessarily require the particular order shown, or sequential order, to achieve desirable results. In some implementations, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous.

Claims (20)

a first wireless device of a wireless monitoring system,
a receiver configured to receive at least one wireless signal over a wireless multipath channel at a location, the receiver comprising:
the location includes a vehicle and the immediate vicinity of the vehicle;
a receiver for receiving any received radio signals based on a respective transmitted radio signal transmitted by a second wireless device of the wireless monitoring system;
a processor communicatively coupled to the receiver;
a memory communicatively coupled to the processor;
A set of instructions stored in the memory that, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to, after the vehicle is turned off:
obtaining a first time series of channel information (TSCI) of the wireless multipath channel based on a first received wireless signal received after the vehicle is turned off;
performing a first monitoring task of detecting the presence of the child in the vehicle by detecting a child's movement or the child's breathing based on the first TSCI, the first monitoring task comprising at least :
calculating a motion analysis based on the first TSCI;
detecting the motion when the motion analysis exceeds a first threshold;
calculating a breath analysis based on the first TSCI;
detecting the child's breathing when the breath analysis exceeds a second threshold;
performing the first monitoring task by detecting the presence of the child when the movement analysis exceeds the first threshold or the respiration analysis exceeds the second threshold;
communicating a first alert notification to a user when the child is detected;
stopping the first monitoring task while the vehicle is off and entering a low power consumption mode;
waking up from the low power mode while the vehicle is off, triggered by abnormal movement of the vehicle ;
acquiring a second TSCI of the wireless multipath channel based on a second received wireless signal after startup;
performing a second monitoring task for detecting a security event by detecting an interruption event based on the second TSCI while the vehicle is off, the second monitoring task comprising at least :
calculating a change analysis based on the second TSCI;
detecting the interrupt event when the change analysis exceeds a third threshold, thereby performing the second monitoring task;
communicating a second alert notification to the user when the interruption event is detected;
a set of instructions that cause the second monitoring task to stop while the vehicle is off and enter the low power mode;
a first wireless device including: 10. The first wireless device of claim 1,
The set of instructions, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to further monitor at least one of an interior space, an exterior space, or a structure of the vehicle based on the TSCI;
the interior space includes at least one of a passenger compartment, a trunk, a hood, a storage space, a compartment, a trailer, a container, a cargo hold, a gas tank, a fuel tank, or an oil bag;
the exterior space includes at least one of a garage, a parking facility where a vehicle stops and parks, or an area around the vehicle where other vehicles can approach, stop, and park;
The first wireless device, wherein the structure includes at least one of a chassis, a body, a light, a window, a door, a tailgate, a bumper, a wheel, or an engine of a vehicle. 3. The first wireless device of claim 2, wherein the set of instructions, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to, based on the TSCI:
The first wireless device further performs at least one of presence detection, child presence detection, pet presence detection, detection of children left behind by parents after the car engine is turned off, motion detection, window breakage detection, vibration detection, foreign object detection, breath detection, heart rate detection, driver recognition, driver attention monitoring, driver alertness monitoring, driver drowsiness detection, vehicle customization based on driver recognition, passenger recognition, passenger location, passenger number counting, security monitoring, intrusion detection, intruder detection, intruder presence detection, detection of outsiders reaching the vehicle interior through an opening, exterior monitoring, pedestrian detection, cyclist detection, blind spot monitoring, or proximity detection. 4. The first wireless device of claim 3, wherein the set of instructions, when executed by the processor, further causes the processor to:
calculating at least one spatio-temporal information (STI) of at least one of the vehicle, the object, or the movement of the object based on the TSCI;
and monitoring the vehicle, the object, or the movement of the object based on the at least one STI, wherein the STI includes at least one of presence, count, motion intensity, distance, speed, acceleration, angle, motion statistics, motion localization, motion classification, gesture, action, motion trend, head movement, motion rhythm, motion period, repetition period, period frequency, breathing statistics, heart rate statistics, breathing rate, heart rate, blink, driver event, passenger event, entrance event, exit event, window event, door event, driver drowsiness event, driver distraction event, fall event, security event, accidental event, physical state, health state, or mental state. 5. The first wireless device of claim 4, wherein the set of instructions, when executed by the processor, further causes the processor to:
calculating an analysis based on the at least one STI;
monitoring the vehicle, the object, or the movement of the object based on the analysis; and computing the analysis further comprising:
treating the at least one shallow trench isolation;
analyzing the at least one shallow trench isolation;
thresholding the at least one STI based on a threshold value;
classifying the at least one STI based on at least one of a classifier or a neural network using input including the at least one STI;
or calculating at least one of a degree of movement, a change, an indication, an occurrence of an event, a security event, an identification, a trend, a sleep state, a driver's alertness, a driver's state, a gesture, a duration, a count, a location, an irregularity, a deviation, or an alert based on the at least one STI. 5. The first wireless device of claim 4, wherein calculating the at least one STI comprises:
Calculating a time series of the TSCI features;
and calculating a time series threshold indicator (STI) based on the time series of TSCI features, each feature comprising:
the first wireless device comprising at least one of a scalar, a vector, a matrix, a magnitude of a CI, a phase of a CI, a magnitude squared of a CI, a function of a sliding window of a CI, a component of a CI, a correlation, an autocorrelation, an autocorrelation function (ACF), a correlation between two windows of a CI aligned using dynamic time warping (DTW), a local maximum, a local minimum, a zero crossing, a dot product, a time-reversed resonance strength (TRRS), a distance score, a Euclidean distance, an absolute distance, a moving average, a weighted average, a variance, a fluctuation, a derivative, a variability, a deviation, a divergence, an entropy, a fluctuation measure, a regularity measure, a similarity measure, a similarity score, a transform, a frequency spectrum, a spectral feature, a spectral analysis, an inverse transform, a frequency transform, zero padding, a repetition, a periodicity, a spurt, a suddenness, a repetition, a frequency, a rate, a period, a timing, a duration, a variation, a feature extraction, a decomposition, a dimensionality reduction, a projection, an eigenvalue decomposition, or a principal component analysis (PCA). 2. The first wireless device of claim 1, wherein the TSCI comprises:
The first wireless device is preprocessed based on at least one of filtering, interpolation, decimation, resampling, time correction, noise removal, smoothing, signal conditioning, phase correction, magnitude correction, phase cleaning, magnitude cleaning, enhancement, spectral analysis, inverse transform, or frequency transform. 2. The first wireless device of claim 1, wherein the set of instructions, when executed by the processor, further causes the processor to:
generating a response based on the TSCI-based radio monitoring, the response comprising:
The first wireless device includes at least one of warning, presentation, driver alertness measurement, audiovisual control, audio volume control, playing upbeat music, playing warning messages, driver interaction, fresh air control, temperature control, window control, climate control, lighting control, seat customization, mirror control, speed control, acceleration, deceleration, accident avoidance, or emergency stop. 2. The first wireless device of claim 1, wherein the set of instructions, when executed by the processor, further causes the processor to:
pre-processing the TSCI;
Computing a time series of features of the TSCI, each feature being a feature of a first sliding time window of the pre-processed TSCI;
calculating a time series of STIs based on the time series of features, each STI corresponding to a second sliding time window of the time series of features;
calculating a time series of analyses based on the time series of STIs, each analysis corresponding to a third sliding time window of the time series of STIs;
monitoring at least one of the vehicle, object, or the movement of the object based on at least one of the feature time series, the STI time series, or the analysis time series;
generating a response based on the monitoring. 3. The first wireless device of claim 2, wherein the set of instructions, when executed by the processor, further causes the processor to perform security monitoring of the vehicle based on the TSCI, the security monitoring comprising:
Detecting suspicious activity in the external space, detecting a person approaching the vehicle, detecting a person in the external space looking into the vehicle through a window, detecting a person in the external space damaging the vehicle, detecting a person in the external space forcibly opening a door or window of the vehicle;
Detecting suspicious activity in the interior space, detecting outsiders reaching the interior of the vehicle through windows, intrusion detection, intruder tracking, detecting the presence of children in the back seat, detecting the presence of pets,
The first wireless device includes at least one of: detecting a window being broken while parking; detecting a door being opened while parking; detecting a hit and run while parking; detecting a collision; or detecting structural damage. 3. The first wireless device of claim 2, wherein the set of instructions, when executed by the processor, further causes the processor to monitor a driver and passengers of the vehicle based on the TSCI, wherein monitoring the driver and passengers includes:
Driver monitoring, driver presence detection, driver identification, driver activity monitoring, driver vital signs monitoring, driver respiration monitoring, driver heart rate monitoring, driver alertness monitoring, driver distraction detection, driver entering the vehicle, driver exiting the vehicle,
Passenger monitoring, passenger presence detection, infant detection, child detection, pet detection, passenger location, passenger counting, passenger recognition, passenger activity monitoring, passenger respiration monitoring, passenger heart rate monitoring, passenger vital signs monitoring, passenger sleep detection, passenger entering the vehicle, passenger exiting the vehicle,
or monitoring driver and passenger interactions. 2. The first wireless device of claim 1, wherein the set of instructions, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to:
suspending at least one of the first monitoring task and the second monitoring task when a low activity state is determined in at least one of the first monitoring task and the second monitoring task;
Entering low power mode;
waking up from said low power mode triggered by a signal;
resuming the at least one of the first monitoring task and the second monitoring task;
if the low activity state is again determined in the at least one of the first monitoring task and the second monitoring task, again pausing the at least one of the first monitoring task and the second monitoring task;
and re-entering the low power mode. 10. The first wireless device of claim 1,
The set of instructions, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to:
Associating an event of the vehicle with a characteristic of the TSCI, the event including at least one of a safety monitoring event, a security monitoring event, a vehicle structural integrity monitoring event, a driver monitoring event, a passenger monitoring event, or an intruder monitoring event;
and detecting the event in the vehicle by recognizing the feature of the TSCI, the event being:
the first wireless device including at least one of an open window, a closed window, a broken window, an open door, a closed door, an unlocked door, a deformed door, an unauthorized door opening, a driver presence, a driver movement, a driver drowsiness, a distracted driver, a passenger presence, a passenger movement, an intruder presence, an intruder movement, a collision, a vehicle obstruction, an infant left in a vehicle, a child left in a vehicle, a pet left in a vehicle, a person walking by, a person peering through a window of the vehicle, another vehicle too close, breathing detected in the vehicle, or movement detected in the vehicle. 10. The first wireless device of claim 9, wherein the set of instructions, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to:
Associating an event of the vehicle with at least one feature of the TSCI, the feature time series, the STI time series, or the analysis time series, wherein the event comprises at least one of a safety event, a security event, a vehicle structural integrity event, a driver event, a passenger event, or an intruder event;
Detecting the event in the vehicle by recognizing the feature of the TSCI;
training a model of the event based on at least one of a training TSCI of a training wireless multipath channel at a training location, a time series of training features calculated based on the training TSCI, a time series of training STIs calculated based on the training features, or a time series of training analyses calculated based on the training STIs;
the training TSCI is obtained from a training wireless signal transmitted from a training wireless device within the training location to another training wireless device within the training location during a training period;
The first wireless device, wherein the event is detected based on the model and at least one of the TSCI, the feature time series, the STI time series, or the analysis time series. 2. The first wireless device of claim 1, wherein the set of instructions, when executed by the processor, causes the first monitoring task and the second monitoring task to start, stop, or pause at least one subtask of the first monitoring task and the second monitoring task:
Arming or disarming said wireless monitoring system;
the parked or unparked status of said vehicle;
the stopped or moving status of said vehicle;
turning the vehicle's engine on or off;
turning the vehicle's headlights on or off;
a brake release or brake depression by the driver of the vehicle;
opening or closing at least one of a driver's door, a passenger's door, a vehicle trunk door, a window, a vehicle hood cover, a cargo door, a trailer door, a container door, a storage space door, or a fuel tank cover;
the driver's entry and exit in relation to the opening and closing of the driver's door;
Passengers entering and exiting the vehicle by opening and closing the passenger door,
The driver's smartphone entry and exit,
The passenger's smartphone entry and exit,
Whether there are paired devices,
Pairing or unpairing a previously paired device;
interaction with parts of said vehicle;
The first wireless device further causes the processor to perform based on at least one of: a lack of motion within the vehicle for a period of time; or a presence of motion within the vehicle for a period of time. 2. The first wireless device of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first wireless device or the second wireless device is physically attached to or supported by the vehicle based on at least one of a USB port, a cigarette lighter port, an OBD port, an Ethernet point, a network point, or a mounting portion of the first or second wireless device;
the first wireless device and the second wireless device are at different locations within the vehicle;
At least one of the first wireless device or the second wireless device is factory-installed or integrated into a vehicle subsystem of the vehicle. 10. The first wireless device of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first wireless device or the second wireless device is communicatively coupled to or powered by the vehicle based on at least one of a USB port, a cigarette lighter port, an OBD port, an Ethernet point, a network point, a vehicle network, a vehicle WiFi system, a vehicle Bluetooth system, a vehicle BLE system, a vehicle Zigbee system, a vehicle communication system, an in-vehicle electronic subsystem, hardwiring, or a mounting point for the first or second wireless device;
The first wireless device and the second wireless device are in the same location within the vehicle. 10. The first wireless device of claim 1, wherein the receiver is further configured to receive additional wireless signals via additional wireless multipath channels at the location;
the additional wireless signal is received based on an additional transmitted wireless signal transmitted by an additional wireless device of the wireless monitoring system;
the additional wireless signal differs from the additional transmitted wireless signal due to the additional multipath channel and modulation due to the movement of objects at the location;
The set of instructions, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to:
obtaining an additional TSCI of the additional wireless multipath channel based on the additional wireless signal;
independently performing at least one of the first monitoring task and the second monitoring task by monitoring at least one of the vehicle, the object, or the movement of the object based on the additional TSCI;
and jointly performing at least one of the first monitoring task and the second monitoring task by monitoring at least one of the vehicle, the object, or the movement of the object based jointly on the TSCI and the additional TSCI. 10. The first wireless device of claim 1, wherein an additional wireless device in the location is:
receiving a second wireless signal over the wireless multipath channel at the location, the second wireless signal being received based on the transmitted wireless signal and different from the transmitted wireless signal due to different modulations caused by the wireless multipath channel and the motion of objects within the location;
obtaining additional TSCI of the wireless multipath channel based on the second wireless signal;
independently performing at least one of the first monitoring task and the second monitoring task by monitoring at least one of the vehicle, the object, or the movement of the object based on the additional TSCI;
The at least one of the first monitoring task and the second monitoring task is jointly performed by monitoring at least one of the vehicle, the object, or the movement of the object based jointly on the TSCI and the additional TSCI. 1. A method of a wireless monitoring system over a wireless multipath channel of a location, the location including a vehicle and a vicinity of the vehicle, the method comprising, after the vehicle is turned off,
transmitting a separate wireless signal from a first wireless device within the location over the wireless multipath channel of the location;
receiving at least one wireless signal by a second wireless device within the location via the wireless multipath channel;
obtaining, using a processor, a memory communicatively coupled to the processor, and a set of instructions stored in the memory, a first time series of channel information (TSCI) for the wireless multipath channel based on the at least one wireless signal;
performing a first monitoring task of detecting the presence of the child in the vehicle by detecting a child's movement or the child's breathing based on the first TSCI, the first monitoring task comprising at least :
calculating a motion analysis based on the first TSCI;
detecting the motion when the motion analysis exceeds a first threshold;
calculating a breath analysis based on the first TSCI;
detecting the child's breathing when the breath analysis exceeds a second threshold;
performing the first monitoring task by detecting the presence of the child when the movement analysis exceeds the first threshold or the respiration analysis exceeds the second threshold;
communicating a first alert notification to a user when the child is detected;
stopping the first monitoring task while the vehicle is off and entering a low power consumption mode;
waking up from the low power mode while the vehicle is off, triggered by abnormal movement of the vehicle ;
acquiring a second TSCI of the wireless multipath channel based on a second received wireless signal after startup;
performing a second monitoring task for detecting a security event by detecting an intrusion event based on the second TSCI while the vehicle is off, the second monitoring task comprising at least :
calculating a change analysis based on the second TSCI;
detecting the intrusion event when the modification analysis exceeds a third threshold, thereby performing the second monitoring task;
communicating a second alert notification to the user when the intrusion event is detected;
stopping the second monitoring task while the vehicle is off and entering the low power mode.