JP7805645B2 - Buildings and building construction methods - Google Patents
Buildings and building construction methodsInfo
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Description
本発明は建築物及び建築物の建築方法に関する。 The present invention relates to buildings and construction methods for buildings.
従来、建築物の工法として、例えば木造住宅の場合には軸組工法や枠組壁工法が用いられている。
軸組工法は、コンクリートからなる基礎の上に、柱と横架材（土台、梁等）、筋かい等からなる躯体を構築する。また、枠組壁工法は、同じくコンクリートからなる基礎の上に、竪枠と上枠、下枠からなる矩形の枠組に構造用合板等の面材を固定して躯体を構築する。
そして、いずれの工法により構築した木造住宅の構造においても、躯体の壁内には断熱材が配置されている。断熱材としては、石油を原料とした発泡系断熱材や、無機系の原料を用いたグラスウールやロックウール等が用いられる。
BACKGROUND ART Conventionally, as a construction method for a building, for example, in the case of a wooden house, a framework construction method or a frame construction method has been used.
In the post and beam construction method, a skeleton consisting of columns, cross members (bases, beams, etc.), bracing, etc. is built on a concrete foundation. In the wood frame construction method, a skeleton is built on a concrete foundation by fixing structural plywood or other surface materials to a rectangular framework consisting of vertical, upper, and lower frames.
Regardless of the construction method used, wooden houses have insulation placed within the walls of the framework, such as foam insulation made from petroleum or inorganic materials like glass wool or rock wool.
従来の建築物は、次のような問題点がある。
＜１＞躯体の壁内に断熱材を配置するため、建材コストが高い。
＜２＞断熱材は原料を用いるものであり、環境負荷が大きい。
＜３＞地震や火災により建築物が損壊した際、断熱材が廃棄物として発生するため廃棄コストが高くなる。また、再築に際しても建材コスト、施工コストが高い。
＜４＞解体、再築のコストが高くなるため、ライフサイクルに合わせたリノベーションが難しい。
Conventional buildings have the following problems:
<1> Building material costs are high because insulation materials are placed inside the walls of the building structure.
<2> Heat insulating materials require raw materials and have a large environmental impact.
<3> When buildings are damaged by earthquakes or fires, the insulation materials are generated as waste, resulting in high disposal costs. Furthermore, rebuilding them also requires high building material and construction costs.
<4> The high costs of demolition and reconstruction make it difficult to renovate in line with the building's life cycle.
本発明は以上の点に鑑みて成されたもので、その目的とするところは少なくとも次の一つの建築物及び建築物の建築方法を提供することにある。
＜１＞新築、再築時の建材コスト、施工コストが安価であること
＜２＞環境負荷が小さいこと
＜３＞ライフサイクルに合わせたリノベーションが行いやすいこと
The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and its object is to provide at least one of the following buildings and a method for constructing a building.
<1> Low building material and construction costs for new construction and rebuilding <2> Low environmental impact <3> Easy renovation to suit the life cycle
本願は、コンクリート製の基礎と、前記基礎上に柱状の構造材を組み合わせてなる躯体と、を有し、壁面部を、前記構造材により包囲された空間に、袋体の内部に気体である充填体を充填した遮蔽体を配置して構成する、建築物を提供する。
前記壁面部は、前記躯体の外側の表面に固定する外壁パネルを有してもよいし、前記躯体の内側の表面に固定する室内パネルを有してもよい。
前記外壁パネルの表面に、塗料からなる保護層を有してもよい。
The present application provides a building having a concrete foundation and a main body formed by combining columnar structural materials on the foundation, and the wall portion is constructed by placing a shielding body, which is a bag body filled with a gaseous filling material, in the space surrounded by the structural materials.
The wall portion may have an exterior wall panel fixed to the outer surface of the skeleton, or may have an interior panel fixed to the inner surface of the skeleton.
The exterior wall panel may have a protective layer made of paint on the surface thereof.
また、本願は、コンクリート製の基礎を構築する基礎構築工程と、前記基礎の上に、柱状の構造材を組み合わせて躯体を構築する躯体構築工程と、前記躯体の前記構造材により包囲された空間に、袋体の内部に気体である充填体を充填した遮蔽体を配置して壁面部を構築する壁面部構築工程と、を有する、建築物の建築方法を提供する。
前記壁面部構築工程において、前記躯体の外側の表面に外壁パネルを固定してもよい。
前記壁面部構築工程において、前記外壁パネルの表面に、塗料からなる保護層を形成してもよい。
前記壁面部構築工程において、前記躯体の内側の表面に室内パネルを固定してもよい。
前記壁面部構築工程において、前記遮蔽体は、前記袋体の内部に前記充填体を充填した状態で前記空間に配置してもよいし、前記袋体を前記空間に配置した後に、前記充填体を前記袋体の内部に充填してもよい。
The present application also provides a method for constructing a building, comprising: a foundation construction step of constructing a concrete foundation; a body construction step of constructing a body by combining columnar structural materials on the foundation; and a wall construction step of constructing a wall by placing a shielding body, the inside of which is a bag filled with a gaseous filling material, in a space surrounded by the structural materials of the body.
In the wall surface construction step, an exterior wall panel may be fixed to the outer surface of the skeleton.
In the wall surface construction step, a protective layer made of paint may be formed on the surface of the exterior wall panel.
In the wall surface construction step, an interior panel may be fixed to an inner surface of the skeleton.
In the wall portion construction process, the shielding body may be placed in the space with the filler filled inside the bag body, or the filler may be filled inside the bag body after the bag body is placed in the space.
本発明は少なくとも次の一つの効果を奏する。
＜１＞遮蔽体は、柔軟性を有する袋体の内部に、気体である充填体を充填して袋体を膨らませて構成するため、新築、再築時の建材コスト、施工コストが安価である。
＜２＞従来の断熱材を使用しないため、環境負荷が小さい。
＜３＞充填体を抜くことで壁面部からの取り外しや解体、廃棄が容易であり、解体、再築のコストが安価となり、ライフサイクルに合わせたリノベーションが行いやすい。
The present invention has at least one of the following advantages.
<1> The shielding body is constructed by filling a flexible bag with a gaseous filler and inflating the bag, so the building material costs and construction costs for new construction and rebuilding are low.
<2> Since it does not use conventional insulation materials, it has a small environmental impact.
<3> By removing the filling material, it can be easily removed from the wall, dismantled, and disposed of, reducing the cost of dismantling and rebuilding, and making it easy to renovate according to the life cycle of the building.
以下に図面を参照しながら本発明の実施例について詳細に説明する。
［実施例１］
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
[Example 1]
＜１＞建築物
本実施例では木製の構造材からなる木造住宅である本発明の建築物について説明する。
<1> Building In this example, a building of the present invention, which is a wooden house made of wooden structural materials, will be described.
＜２＞全体構成（図１）
本発明の建築物は、コンクリート製の基礎１と、基礎１の上に柱２１や土台２２、梁２３等の柱状の構造材を組み合わせてなる躯体２を有する。柱２１と土台２２、梁２３の建築物内部（室内側）の表面には室内パネル３１を、建築物外部（屋外側）の表面には外壁パネル３２をそれぞれ固定して壁面部３を構成するが、柱２１と土台２２、梁２３等の構造材により包囲された壁面部３の内部には、遮蔽体３３を配置する。
<2> Overall configuration (Figure 1)
The building of the present invention has a concrete foundation 1 and a skeleton 2 formed by combining columnar structural members such as columns 21, sills 22, and beams 23 on the foundation 1. Wall surface portions 3 are formed by fixing interior panels 31 to the surfaces of the columns 21, sills 22, and beams 23 on the interior (indoor) side of the building, and exterior wall panels 32 to the surfaces on the exterior (outdoor) side of the building, and a shielding body 33 is arranged inside the wall surface portions 3 surrounded by the structural members such as the columns 21, sills 22, and beams 23.
＜３＞遮蔽体
遮蔽体３３は、柔軟性を有する袋体３３ａの内部に、気体である充填体３３ｂを充填して袋体３３ａを膨らませて構成する（図２）。
遮蔽体３３は、例えば袋体３３ａはブチルゴム等の樹脂からなり、充填体３３ｂは窒素ガスからなるため、安価に壁面部３を構成することができ、建材コストが安価となる。また、充填体３３ｂとして使用する気体を適宜選択することで、高断熱や防火機能等、建築物にさまざまな機能を負荷することができる。
そして、従来の断熱材を比べて、環境負荷が小さい。
遮蔽体３３は充填体３３ｂが抜けた場合でも、後から充填体３３ｂを充填することもできる。また、圧力センサで充填体３３ｂの圧力を監視し、圧力が下がったときにコンプレッサーやボンベ等から自動で充填体３３ｂが充填できるようにすることもできる。
<3> Shielding Body The shielding body 33 is formed by filling a flexible bag body 33a with a gaseous filler 33b to inflate the bag body 33a (FIG. 2).
The shielding body 33 is made of, for example, a bag 33a made of a resin such as butyl rubber and a filler 33b made of nitrogen gas, so that the wall portion 3 can be constructed inexpensively, reducing the cost of building materials. In addition, by appropriately selecting the gas used for the filler 33b, various functions can be added to the building, such as high thermal insulation and fire prevention.
Furthermore, it has a smaller environmental impact than conventional insulation materials.
Even if the filler 33b falls out of the shield 33, it is possible to fill the shield 33 with the filler 33b later. Also, it is possible to monitor the pressure of the filler 33b with a pressure sensor, and to automatically fill the filler 33b from a compressor, a cylinder, or the like when the pressure drops.
＜４＞遮蔽体による効果
遮蔽体３３を壁面部３に設けることで、壁面部３に充填体３３ｂによる遮蔽層が形成され、断熱、防音性能が高い建築物となる。
また、遮蔽体３３は軽量であるため建築物も軽量となり、耐震性の高い建築物となる。特に、遮蔽体３３は所定の弾性を有するため、地震による躯体２の変形に追従して変形し、破損することがなく、弾性変形による制振機能も有する。なお、遮蔽体３３を配置する壁面部３の内部の空間には、必要に応じて筋交等を設けてもよい。遮蔽体３３は所定の弾性を有するため、内部の空間に筋かい等があっても変形して配置することができる。
そして、遮蔽体３３は袋体３３ａに充填体３３ｂを充填したものであるため、充填体３３ｂを抜くことで壁面部３からの取り外しや解体、廃棄が容易であり、解体、再築のコストが安価となり、ライフサイクルに合わせたリノベーションが行いやすい建築物となる。
<4> Effects of the Shielding Body By providing the shielding body 33 on the wall portion 3, a shielding layer is formed on the wall portion 3 by the filler 33b, resulting in a building with high thermal and sound insulation performance.
Furthermore, because the shielding body 33 is lightweight, the building is also lightweight, resulting in a highly earthquake-resistant building. In particular, because the shielding body 33 has a predetermined elasticity, it deforms in accordance with deformation of the skeleton 2 caused by an earthquake, does not break, and also has a vibration-damping function due to elastic deformation. Note that, if necessary, bracing or the like may be provided in the internal space of the wall portion 3 in which the shielding body 33 is placed. Because the shielding body 33 has a predetermined elasticity, it can be deformed and placed even if bracing or the like is present in the internal space.
Furthermore, since the shielding body 33 is a bag body 33a filled with filler 33b, it can be easily removed from the wall portion 3, dismantled and disposed of by removing the filler 33b, reducing the cost of dismantling and rebuilding, and making it a building that can be easily renovated to suit its life cycle.
＜５＞建築物の内装、外装
壁面部３は躯体２に室内パネル３１、外壁パネル３２を固定して構成する。
室内パネル３１は板体であり、表面に壁紙を貼りつける。なお、室内パネル３１を用いず、躯体２及び遮蔽体３３に直接壁紙を貼りつけて内装とすることで、内装工事を簡易化することもできる。
外壁パネル３２には化粧板を使用することでデザインを選択することができるとともに、容易に外壁面を構築することができる。外壁面には塗料を塗装して保護層３４を形成することもできる。このとき塗料として例えばＬＩＮＥ－Ｘ（登録商標）を用いて保護層３４を形成することで、耐久性、防音性に優れた外壁を構築することができる。
<5> Interior and exterior of the building The wall portion 3 is constructed by fixing an interior panel 31 and an exterior wall panel 32 to the skeleton 2.
The interior panel 31 is a plate body, and wallpaper is pasted on the surface. Note that, without using the interior panel 31, wallpaper can be pasted directly on the frame 2 and the shielding body 33 to simplify the interior construction work.
Using decorative panels for the exterior wall panels 32 allows for a wide range of designs and makes it easy to construct an exterior wall surface. The exterior wall surface can also be painted to form a protective layer 34. In this case, by using LINE-X (registered trademark) as the paint to form the protective layer 34, an exterior wall with excellent durability and soundproofing properties can be constructed.
＜６＞建築物の建築方法
次に、本発明の建築物の建築方法について説明する。
<6> Method for constructing a building Next, a method for constructing a building according to the present invention will be described.
＜６．１＞基礎構築工程
従来のように、地盤上にコンクリート製の基礎１（ベタ基礎）を構築する。
<6.1> Foundation Construction Process As in the conventional method, a concrete foundation 1 (mat foundation) is constructed on the ground.
＜６．２＞躯体構築工程
基礎１を構築した後、従来のように基礎１の上に、柱２１や土台２２、梁２３等の柱状の構造材を組み合わせて躯体２を構築する。
<6.2> Body Construction Process After the foundation 1 is constructed, the body 2 is constructed on the foundation 1 by combining pillar-shaped structural members such as pillars 21, bases 22, and beams 23 as in the conventional method.
＜６．３＞壁面部構築工程
躯体２の柱２１と土台２２、梁２３等により包囲された空間に、壁面部３となる遮蔽体３３を予め膨らませた状態で配置する。遮蔽体３３は接着剤等により躯体２に固定してもよい。
建築現場への搬入時には、膨らませる前の袋体３３ａの状態で搬入するため、運搬、搬入が容易である。そして、遮蔽体３３は袋体３３ａの内部に充填体３３ｂを充填したものであるため軽量であり、少人数で短時間に施工することができ、施工コストが安価となる。また、施工時の騒音や振動も軽減される。
遮蔽体３３を設置した後、柱２１と土台２２、梁２３の内側表面には室内パネル３１を、外側表面には外壁パネル３２をそれぞれ固定して遮蔽体３３を封止して壁面部３を構築する。
遮蔽体３３は予め膨らませた状態で施工を行う方法に限らず、袋体３３ａを柱２１と土台２２、梁２３等により包囲された空間に配置し、室内パネル３１、外壁パネル３２で封止した後に、袋体３３ａ内部に充填体３３ｂを導入・充填してもよい。
<6.3> Wall Construction Process The shielding body 33 that will become the wall portion 3 is placed in a pre-inflated state in the space surrounded by the pillars 21, base 22, beams 23, etc. of the skeleton 2. The shielding body 33 may be fixed to the skeleton 2 with an adhesive or the like.
When transported to a construction site, the bag 33a is brought in before being inflated, making it easy to transport and transport. Furthermore, since the shielding body 33 is made by filling the inside of the bag 33a with the filler 33b, it is lightweight and can be installed by a small number of people in a short time, resulting in low construction costs. Furthermore, noise and vibration during construction are also reduced.
After the shielding body 33 is installed, the interior panel 31 is fixed to the inner surface of the pillar 21, the base 22, and the beam 23, and the exterior wall panel 32 is fixed to the outer surface, sealing the shielding body 33 and constructing the wall portion 3.
The shielding body 33 may not necessarily be installed in a pre-inflated state; the bag body 33a may be placed in a space surrounded by pillars 21, foundations 22, beams 23, etc., and sealed with an interior panel 31 and an exterior wall panel 32, after which the filler 33b may be introduced and filled into the bag body 33a.
＜６．４＞内装、外装構築工程
壁面部３の内側は、室内パネル３１の表面に壁紙を貼る。室内パネル３１を用いない場合には、遮蔽体３３に壁紙を貼る。
壁面部３の外側は、外壁パネル３２の表面に塗装を行い、保護層３４を形成することもできる。
<6.4> Interior and exterior construction process On the inside of the wall portion 3, wallpaper is pasted on the surface of the interior panel 31. If the interior panel 31 is not used, wallpaper is pasted on the shielding body 33.
On the outside of the wall portion 3, the surface of the exterior wall panel 32 can be painted to form a protective layer 34.
＜その他の実施例＞
上述の実施例では、壁面部３に遮蔽体３３を配置したが、床構造や屋根構造等の内部に遮蔽体３３を配置することもできる。
また、上述の実施例では木製の構造材からなる木造住宅に適用したが、構造材に鉄骨を用いる鉄骨造の建築物にも適用することができる。
<Other Examples>
In the above-described embodiment, the shielding body 33 is disposed on the wall portion 3, but the shielding body 33 may also be disposed inside a floor structure, a roof structure, or the like.
Furthermore, in the above-described embodiment, the present invention is applied to a wooden house made of wooden structural members, but it can also be applied to a steel-framed building using steel as structural members.
１ 基礎
２ 躯体、２１ 柱、２２ 土台、２３ 梁
３ 壁面部、３１ 室内パネル、３２ 外壁パネル、３３ 遮蔽体、３４ 保護層
1 Foundation 2 Body, 21 Column, 22 Foundation, 23 Beam 3 Wall portion, 31 Indoor panel, 32 Exterior wall panel, 33 Shielding body, 34 Protective layer
Claims (5)
前記基礎上に柱状の構造材を組み合わせてなる躯体と、
前記構造材により包囲された空間に、袋体の内部に気体である充填体を充填した遮蔽体を配置して構成し、前記躯体の外側の表面に固定する外壁パネルと、前記躯体の内側の表面に固定する室内パネルと、を有する壁面部と、
前記袋体内の前記充填体の圧力を検知可能な圧力センサと、
前記袋体内に前記充填体を充填可能なコンプレッサー又はボンベと、を備え、
前記圧力センサが、前記袋体内の前記充填体の圧力の低下を検知すると、前記コンプレッサー又は前記ボンベから前記袋体内へ前記充填体を自動的に充填するように構成したことを特徴とする、
建築物。 Concrete foundations and
a skeleton formed by combining columnar structural members on the foundation ;
a wall surface portion including an exterior wall panel fixed to the outer surface of the skeleton and an interior panel fixed to the inner surface of the skeleton, the exterior wall panel being configured by disposing a shielding body in a space surrounded by the structural material and having a bag body filled with a gas as a filler therein,
a pressure sensor capable of detecting the pressure of the filling material inside the bag;
a compressor or a cylinder capable of filling the bag with the filler,
The pressure sensor is configured to automatically fill the bag with the filler from the compressor or the cylinder when it detects a decrease in pressure of the filler in the bag.
architecture.
請求項１に記載の建築物。 The exterior wall panel has a protective layer made of paint on the surface thereof.
The building according to claim 1 .
前記基礎を構築する基礎構築工程と、
前記基礎の上に、前記構造材を組み合わせて躯体を構築する躯体構築工程と、
前記躯体の前記構造材により包囲された空間に、前記袋体の内部に前記充填体を充填した前記遮蔽体を配置し、前記躯体の外側の表面に外壁パネルを固定し、前記躯体の内側の表面に室内パネルを固定して壁面部を構築する壁面部構築工程と、を有する、
建築物の建築方法。 A method for constructing a building according to claim 1 or 2,
a foundation construction step of constructing the foundation ;
a skeleton construction process of combining the structural materials to construct a skeleton on the foundation;
and a wall surface construction step of placing the shielding body, in which the bag body is filled with the filler , in a space surrounded by the structural material of the skeleton , fixing an exterior wall panel to the outer surface of the skeleton, and fixing an interior panel to the inner surface of the skeleton to construct a wall surface.
How buildings are constructed.
請求項３に記載の建築物の建築方法。 In the wall surface construction step, a protective layer made of paint is formed on the surface of the exterior wall panel.
A method for constructing a building according to claim 3 .
前記遮蔽体は、前記袋体の内部に前記充填体を充填した状態で前記空間に配置することを特徴とする、
請求項３に記載の建築物の建築方法。 In the wall surface portion construction step,
The shielding body is disposed in the space with the filler filled inside the bag body.
A method for constructing a building according to claim 3 .
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| JP2000008508A (en) | 1998-06-26 | 2000-01-11 | Asahi Fiber Glass Co Ltd | Building wall structure |
| JP2003041681A (en) | 2001-08-02 | 2003-02-13 | Yamaha Corp | Sound insulation material and method for constructing soundproof chamber using the same |
| JP2008127854A (en) | 2006-11-21 | 2008-06-05 | Sumai Kankyo Planning:Kk | Wall insulation structure |
| JP2010037866A (en) | 2008-08-07 | 2010-02-18 | Asahi Kasei Homes Co | Exterior wall structure of building |
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| US4155208A (en) * | 1978-05-30 | 1979-05-22 | Shanabarger John A | Building insulation and method of installation |
| JPH06129026A (en) * | 1992-10-16 | 1994-05-10 | Kajima Corp | Wall system with adjustable heat transfer coefficient |
| JPH06185134A (en) * | 1992-12-15 | 1994-07-05 | Inax Corp | Heat insulation working method |
| JPH1171835A (en) * | 1997-07-02 | 1999-03-16 | Daicel Chem Ind Ltd | Heat insulating structure and composite heat insulating material |
| JP7260448B2 (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2023-04-18 | 株式会社フジタ | Partition walls and soundproofing systems |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2000008508A (en) | 1998-06-26 | 2000-01-11 | Asahi Fiber Glass Co Ltd | Building wall structure |
| JP2003041681A (en) | 2001-08-02 | 2003-02-13 | Yamaha Corp | Sound insulation material and method for constructing soundproof chamber using the same |
| JP2008127854A (en) | 2006-11-21 | 2008-06-05 | Sumai Kankyo Planning:Kk | Wall insulation structure |
| JP2010037866A (en) | 2008-08-07 | 2010-02-18 | Asahi Kasei Homes Co | Exterior wall structure of building |
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