JP7809446B2 - Drilling method, stabilizing fluid - Google Patents
Drilling method, stabilizing fluidInfo
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- JP7809446B2 JP7809446B2 JP2020127676A JP2020127676A JP7809446B2 JP 7809446 B2 JP7809446 B2 JP 7809446B2 JP 2020127676 A JP2020127676 A JP 2020127676A JP 2020127676 A JP2020127676 A JP 2020127676A JP 7809446 B2 JP7809446 B2 JP 7809446B2
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Description
本発明は、掘削方法、及び掘削方法に用いる安定液に関する。 The present invention relates to an excavation method and a stabilizing liquid used in the excavation method.
杭や地中連続壁等の工事では、掘削した孔の壁の崩壊を防止するため、安定液が用いられる。安定液は、たとえばベントナイト及びＣＭＣ（ナトリウムカルボキシメチルセルロース）を含む溶液である。 In construction of piles and diaphragm walls, stabilizing fluids are used to prevent the walls of excavated holes from collapsing. Stabilizing fluids are solutions containing, for example, bentonite and CMC (sodium carboxymethylcellulose).
ところで、掘削する土壌が砒素などの重金属を含む場合、安定液中に重金属が溶出するという問題がある。そこで、特許文献１には、重金属汚染物質を吸着するための吸着剤を安定液に添加する技術が開示されている。 However, if the excavated soil contains heavy metals such as arsenic, there is a problem in that the heavy metals will leach into the stabilizing solution. Patent Document 1 therefore discloses a technique for adding an adsorbent to the stabilizing solution to adsorb heavy metal contaminants.
一般的な重金属の吸着材としては、カルシウム化合物、マグネシウム化合物、鉄粉、酸化鉄がある。 Common heavy metal adsorbents include calcium compounds, magnesium compounds, iron powder, and iron oxide.
しかしながら、カルシウム化合物やマグネシウム化合物を添加した安定液を用いた場合、重金属の吸着と併せて土粒子の凝集が発生し、安定液の性能が劣化する可能性がある。 However, when using a stabilizing solution containing added calcium or magnesium compounds, soil particles may aggregate in addition to the adsorption of heavy metals, potentially degrading the performance of the stabilizing solution.
また、安定液は、ベントナイト等の分散状態を維持するために、ｐＨ９～１０程度のアルカリ性となるように調整したものが用いられる。一方、本発明者らの研究により、アルカリ性下では、鉄粉や酸化鉄による重金属の吸着量が低減するため重金属を不溶化できず、その結果、安定液の無害化が困難であることが明らかとなった。 The stabilizing solution used is adjusted to an alkaline pH of approximately 9-10 in order to maintain the dispersion state of bentonite and other materials. However, research by the inventors has revealed that in alkaline conditions, the amount of heavy metals adsorbed by iron powder and iron oxide is reduced, making it impossible to insolubilize the heavy metals, and as a result, it is difficult to neutralize the stabilizing solution.
本発明は、安定液の性能を維持しつつ、安定液を無害化することを可能とする技術を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention aims to provide technology that makes it possible to neutralize stabilizer solutions while maintaining their performance.
本発明の一実施態様は、安定液を用いて、重金属の汚染土壌に孔を掘削する方法において、前記安定液として、アルカリ性、且つ非晶質の酸化鉄を含む溶液を用いる掘削方法である。
また、本発明の別の実施態様は、重金属の汚染土壌に孔を掘削する方法に用いる安定液であって、アルカリ性、且つ非晶質の酸化鉄を含む安定液である。
One embodiment of the present invention is a method for drilling a hole in soil contaminated with heavy metals using a stabilizing solution, wherein the stabilizing solution is an alkaline solution containing amorphous iron oxide.
Another embodiment of the present invention is a stabilizing solution for use in a method for drilling holes in soil contaminated with heavy metals, the stabilizing solution being alkaline and containing amorphous iron oxide.
本発明によれば、安定液の性能を維持しつつ、安定液を無害化することができる。 The present invention makes it possible to neutralize the stabilizer while maintaining its performance.
本発明の目的、特徴、利点、及びそのアイデアは、本明細書の記載により、当業者には明らかであり、本明細書の記載から、当業者であれば、容易に本発明を再現できる。以下に記載された発明の実施の形態及び具体的な実施例などは、本発明の好ましい実施態様を示すものであり、例示又は説明のために示されているのであって、本発明をそれらに限定するものではない。本明細書で開示されている本発明の意図並びに範囲内で、本明細書の記載に基づき、様々な改変並びに修飾ができることは、当業者にとって明らかである。 The objectives, features, advantages, and concepts of the present invention will be clear to those skilled in the art from the description in this specification, and those skilled in the art will be able to easily reproduce the present invention from the description in this specification. The embodiments and specific examples of the invention described below show preferred embodiments of the present invention and are presented for illustrative or explanatory purposes, and are not intended to limit the present invention thereto. It will be clear to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made based on the description in this specification within the spirit and scope of the present invention disclosed herein.
＝＝掘削方法＝＝
本実施形態に係る掘削方法は、重金属の汚染土壌に対して実施する。重金属は、土壌汚染対策法に規定されている第２種特定有害物質である。具体的に、重金属は、カドミウム、六価クロム、水銀、鉛、砒素等、及びそれらの化合物である。
==Drilling Method==
The excavation method according to this embodiment is applied to soil contaminated with heavy metals. Heavy metals are Type 2 specified hazardous substances as defined in the Soil Contamination Countermeasures Act. Specifically, heavy metals include cadmium, hexavalent chromium, mercury, lead, arsenic, etc., and their compounds.
本実施形態に係る掘削方法は、汚染土壌に孔を掘削する。掘削方法は、安定液を使用するものであれば特に限定されない。具体例として、掘削方法は、地中連続壁工法、現場打ち杭工法（アースドリル法、ＢＨ法、リバース工法、プレボーリング工法等）である。本実施形態に係る掘削方法は、杭を挿入するための長孔や、連続壁を形成するための溝孔等、目的に応じた様々な形状の孔を掘削することができる。 The excavation method according to this embodiment involves excavating holes in contaminated soil. There are no particular limitations on the excavation method, as long as it uses a stabilizing fluid. Specific examples of excavation methods include diaphragm wall construction and cast-in-place pile construction methods (earth drill method, BH method, reverse construction method, pre-boring method, etc.). The excavation method according to this embodiment can excavate holes of various shapes depending on the purpose, such as long holes for inserting piles and grooves for forming diaphragm walls.
＝＝安定液＝＝
安定液は、汚染土壌を掘削する際に用いる。安定液は、たとえばベントナイト、ＣＭＣ等、一般的な安定液に使用される材を含む。安定液は、掘削した孔の壁の崩壊を抑制する性能を有する。安定液の性能は、ファンネル粘度、造壁性等により判断することができる。また、安定液は、ベントナイト等の分散状態を維持するために、ｐＨ９～１０程度のアルカリ性となるよう調整されている。
==Stabilizer==
Stabilizers are used when excavating contaminated soil. They contain materials commonly used in stabilizers, such as bentonite and CMC. Stabilizers have the ability to prevent the collapse of the walls of excavated holes. The performance of stabilizers can be judged by their funnel viscosity, wall-forming properties, etc. Furthermore, stabilizers are adjusted to an alkaline pH of around 9-10 in order to maintain the dispersion of bentonite and other materials.
＝＝非晶質の酸化鉄＝＝
本実施形態に係る安定液は、非晶質の酸化鉄を含む。非晶質の酸化鉄は、安定液中に溶出した重金属を吸着することで、重金属を不溶化する機能を有する。重金属を不溶化することにより、安定液を無害化することができる。
==Amorphous iron oxide==
The stabilizing solution according to this embodiment contains amorphous iron oxide. The amorphous iron oxide has the function of insolubilizing heavy metals by adsorbing heavy metals that have dissolved into the stabilizing solution. By insolubilizing the heavy metals, the stabilizing solution can be rendered harmless.
また、非晶質の酸化鉄は、掘削により安定液中に流出した土粒子の凝集を起こすことがない。よって、非晶質の酸化鉄を含む安定液を用いた場合、掘削に伴う安定液の性能劣化が生じにくいため、孔の壁の崩壊を抑制することができる。 In addition, amorphous iron oxide does not cause the aggregation of soil particles that flow into the stabilizing solution during excavation. Therefore, when using a stabilizing solution containing amorphous iron oxide, the performance of the stabilizing solution is less likely to deteriorate during excavation, which helps prevent the collapse of the hole walls.
更に、非晶質の酸化鉄は、アルカリ性の溶液中であっても、汚染土壌から溶出した重金属を吸着し、不溶化できる。従って、掘削により発生する排出土の重金属が溶出しないため、施工中における重金属の拡散を防止し、排出土の処理費用を抑えることができるという利点がある。また、仮に掘削を行っている周辺の土壌中に安定液が流出した場合であっても、安定液自体が無害化されているため、重金属による汚染が広がることはない。一方、一般的な吸着材として用いられる鉄粉や酸化鉄は、アルカリ性の安定液中では、重金属を吸着する機能が大きく低下する（後述の実施例参照）。 Furthermore, amorphous iron oxide can adsorb and insolubilize heavy metals eluted from contaminated soil, even in alkaline solutions. Therefore, heavy metals in the excavated soil are not eluted, which has the advantage of preventing the diffusion of heavy metals during construction and reducing the cost of disposing of the excavated soil. Furthermore, even if the stabilizing solution spills into the soil surrounding the excavation site, the stabilizing solution itself is rendered harmless, preventing the spread of heavy metal contamination. Meanwhile, iron powder and iron oxide, commonly used adsorbents, have a significantly reduced ability to adsorb heavy metals in alkaline stabilizing solution (see examples below).
また、非晶質の酸化鉄は、一般的な鉄粉や酸化鉄と比べ、粒径が小さくまた比重も小さいため、安定液中で沈降し難い。よって、鉄粉等と比べ、重金属の吸着効果を長期に渡って維持できる。 In addition, amorphous iron oxide has a smaller particle size and a lower specific gravity than regular iron powder or iron oxide, making it less likely to settle in the stabilizing solution. Therefore, compared to iron powder, it can maintain its heavy metal adsorption effect for a longer period of time.
非晶質の酸化鉄としては、「フィックスオールＦＢ」（石原産業株式会社製。「フィックスオール」は登録商標）を用いることができる。フィックスオールＦＢは、主成分として酸化鉄を７５％以上含む材であり、嵩比重０．５～０．８、ｐＨ７．５～８．５、水分３．０％以下、比表面積（実績値）１８０～２３０ｍ２／ｇである。 As amorphous iron oxide, "Fixall FB" (manufactured by Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha, Ltd. "Fixall" is a registered trademark) can be used. Fixall FB is a material containing 75% or more iron oxide as the main component, and has a bulk density of 0.5 to 0.8, a pH of 7.5 to 8.5, a moisture content of 3.0% or less, and a specific surface area (actual value) of 180 to 230 m 2 /g.
安定液中に含まれる非晶質の酸化鉄の割合は、０．５～１０重量％が好ましく、２～５重量％がより好ましい。一方、添加量が０．５重量％より少ない場合、正確な定量添加が難しい。また、添加量が１０重量％より多い場合、コストの問題が生じる。すなわち、いずれの場合も実際の施工の観点からも好ましくない。 The proportion of amorphous iron oxide contained in the stabilizing solution is preferably 0.5 to 10% by weight, and more preferably 2 to 5% by weight. On the other hand, if the amount added is less than 0.5% by weight, it becomes difficult to accurately add the measured amount. Furthermore, if the amount added is more than 10% by weight, cost issues arise. In other words, neither case is desirable from the perspective of actual construction.
＝＝実施例＝＝
［砒素の吸着、及び安定液の性能維持］
非晶質の酸化鉄を用いた場合の砒素の吸着、及び安定液の性能について実験を行った。
==Example==
[Arsenic adsorption and maintaining the performance of the stabilized solution]
Experiments were carried out to examine the adsorption of arsenic and the performance of the stabilizing solution when amorphous iron oxide was used.
（安定液）
安定液は、水に対して、クニゲルＶ２（ベントナイト。クニミネ工業株式会社製）を２重量％、ＤＫＳポリマー２８０（ＣＭＣ。第一工業製薬株式会社製）を０．２重量％、及びＳＳＢ（分散剤。三洋化成工業株式会社製）を０．２重量％添加した溶液を攪拌混合して作成した。
(stabilizer)
The stabilizing solution was prepared by stirring and mixing a solution of 2 wt % Kunigel V2 (bentonite, manufactured by Kunimine Industries Co., Ltd.), 0.2 wt % DKS Polymer 280 (CMC, manufactured by Dai-ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.), and 0.2 wt % SSB (dispersant, manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd.) in water.
また、安定液に対して、非晶質の酸化鉄（「フィックスオールＦＢ」石原産業株式会社製）を０．５、１．０、及び３．０重量％添加したものを作成した。 In addition, amorphous iron oxide ("Fixall FB" manufactured by Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha, Ltd.) was added to the stabilizing solution at 0.5, 1.0, and 3.0 wt.%.
（砒素の吸着力における材料比較試験）
安定液に対して、砒素を含む土砂を液固比１０で添加した後、６時間振とうした。その後、遠心分離器により土砂と分離した安定液を、メンブレンフィルター（４５μｍ）で濾過した。そして、濾過した安定液中の砒素濃度をＪＩＳ Ｋ ０１０２の方法により測定した。なお、砒素濃度は、環境基準値で０．０１ｍｇ／Ｌ以下であることが要求される。
(Comparative test of materials for arsenic adsorption capacity)
Arsenic-containing soil and sand were added to the stabilizing solution at a liquid-to-solid ratio of 10, and the solution was then shaken for 6 hours. The soil and sand were then separated using a centrifuge, and the resulting stabilizing solution was filtered through a membrane filter (45 μm). The arsenic concentration in the filtered stabilizing solution was measured according to the method of JIS K 0102. The arsenic concentration is required to be 0.01 mg/L or less as the environmental standard value.
（性能試験）
安定液について、ファンネル粘度及び造壁性の試験を行った。ファンネル粘度は、ファンネル粘度計（昭栄化学工業株式会社製）を用いて測定した。造壁性は、ＡＩＰ造壁性試験の方法により測定した。性能試験の結果を表１に示す。
(Performance test)
The stabilized liquid was subjected to tests for funnel viscosity and wall-forming property. The funnel viscosity was measured using a funnel viscometer (manufactured by Shoei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.). The wall-forming property was measured by the AIP wall-forming property test method. The results of the performance tests are shown in Table 1.
（実験結果）
図１のグラフに示したように、非晶質の酸化鉄を含む安定液は、砒素濃度を環境基準値以下に下げることができた。一方、非晶質の酸化鉄を含まない安定液は、砒素濃度が環境基準値以上となった。また、表１に示したように、非晶質の酸化鉄を含む安定液は、非晶質の酸化鉄を含まない安定液と同等のファンネル粘度及び造壁性を示した。すなわち、非晶質の酸化鉄は、砒素を吸着することができ、且つ安定液の性能に影響を与えないことが明らかとなった。
(Experimental results)
As shown in the graph in Figure 1, the stabilizing solution containing amorphous iron oxide was able to reduce the arsenic concentration to below the environmental standard value. On the other hand, the arsenic concentration of the stabilizing solution not containing amorphous iron oxide was above the environmental standard value. Furthermore, as shown in Table 1, the stabilizing solution containing amorphous iron oxide exhibited funnel viscosity and wall-forming ability equivalent to those of the stabilizing solution not containing amorphous iron oxide. In other words, it was revealed that amorphous iron oxide can adsorb arsenic without affecting the performance of the stabilizing solution.
［アルカリ性下における砒素の吸着］
アルカリ性下における非晶質の酸化鉄、鉄粉、酸化鉄による砒素の吸着について実験を行った。
[Adsorption of arsenic under alkaline conditions]
The adsorption of arsenic by amorphous iron oxide, iron powder, and iron oxide under alkaline conditions was investigated.
（安定液）
安定液は、水に対して、クニゲルＶ２（クニミネ工業株式会社製）を２重量％、ＤＫＳポリマー２８０（ＣＭＣ。第一工業製薬株式会社製）を０．２重量％添加した溶液を攪拌混合して作成した。その後、塩酸及び水酸化ナトリウムを用いてｐＨが４～１０の値となるよう調整した。
(stabilizer)
The stabilizing solution was prepared by stirring and mixing a solution of 2 wt % Kunigel V2 (Kunimine Industries Co., Ltd.) and 0.2 wt % DKS Polymer 280 (CMC, Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.) in water, followed by adjusting the pH to a value of 4 to 10 using hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide.
（砒素濃度の調整）
塩酸及び水酸化ナトリウムを用いてｐＨ７に調整した安定液に対し、泥水（比重１．０６、ベントナイトを１重量％添加済み）、及び砒素標準液を加え、約１時間振とうした後、上澄み液の砒素濃度をＪＩＳ Ｋ ０１０２の方法により測定した。同様の処理を砒素標準液の添加量を変えて行い、砒素濃度が約０．０１ｍｇ／Ｌ（環境基準値）となる砒素の添加量として０．４ｐｐｍ（標準液中の砒素相当量）を求めた。
(Adjusting arsenic concentration)
Muddy water (specific gravity 1.06, 1 wt % bentonite added) and an arsenic standard solution were added to a stabilized solution adjusted to pH 7 using hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide, and after shaking for about 1 hour, the arsenic concentration of the supernatant was measured by the method of JIS K 0102. The same procedure was repeated with different amounts of arsenic standard solution added, and 0.4 ppm (the amount of arsenic equivalent in the standard solution) was determined as the amount of arsenic added that would result in an arsenic concentration of about 0.01 mg/L (environmental standard value).
（砒素の吸着試験）
砒素濃度０．０１ｍｇ／Ｌとなるように砒素が添加されたｐＨ４～１０の安定液１０００ｍＬに対し、添加材として、鉄粉（エコメル、株式会社神戸製鋼所製）、酸化鉄（富士フィルム和光純薬株式会社製）、または非晶質の酸化鉄（「フィックスオールＦＢ」石原産業株式会社製）を、２．０または５．０重量％添加し、約１時間振とうした。その後、上澄み液の砒素濃度をＪＩＳ Ｋ ０１０２の方法により測定した。
(Arsenic adsorption test)
To 1000 mL of a stabilized solution of pH 4 to 10 to which arsenic had been added so that the arsenic concentration was 0.01 mg/L, 2.0 or 5.0 wt% of iron powder (Ecomel, manufactured by Kobe Steel, Ltd.), iron oxide (Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), or amorphous iron oxide ("Fixall FB," manufactured by Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha, Ltd.) was added as an additive, and the solution was shaken for approximately 1 hour. Thereafter, the arsenic concentration of the supernatant was measured according to the method of JIS K 0102.
（実験結果）
図２及び表２に示したように、非晶質の酸化鉄を２．０重量％または５．０重量％含む安定液は、ｐＨ４～１０の範囲で砒素濃度がほぼ０となった。特に、非晶質の酸化鉄を５．０重量％含む安定液は、ｐＨ１０の範囲であっても砒素濃度がほぼ０となった。一方、鉄粉を含む安定液は、ｐＨ８～１０の範囲では、砒素濃度が高くなり、特にｐＨ１０では、環境基準値（０．０１ｍｇ／Ｌ）を大きく超える結果となった。また、酸化鉄を含む安定液は、特にｐＨ９～１０の範囲では環境基準値を超える結果となった。すなわち、非晶質の酸化鉄は、アルカリ性下でも砒素を吸着できることが明らかとなった。一方、従来から重金属の吸着材として知られている鉄粉や酸化鉄は、アルカリ性下では砒素の吸着が不十分であることが明らかとなった。
(Experimental results)
As shown in FIG. 2 and Table 2, the arsenic concentration of the stabilized solution containing 2.0 wt % or 5.0 wt % amorphous iron oxide was nearly zero in the pH range of 4 to 10. In particular, the arsenic concentration of the stabilized solution containing 5.0 wt % amorphous iron oxide was nearly zero even at a pH range of 10. On the other hand, the arsenic concentration of the stabilized solution containing iron powder was high in the pH range of 8 to 10, and at pH 10 in particular, it far exceeded the environmental standard value (0.01 mg/L). Furthermore, the arsenic concentration of the stabilized solution containing iron oxide exceeded the environmental standard value, particularly in the pH range of 9 to 10. This indicates that amorphous iron oxide can adsorb arsenic even under alkaline conditions. On the other hand, it was revealed that iron powder and iron oxide, which have traditionally been known as adsorbents for heavy metals, do not adequately adsorb arsenic under alkaline conditions.
［安定液中での沈降速度］
安定液中における非晶質の酸化鉄、及び鉄粉の沈降速度についてストークス式を用いたシミュレーションを行った。
[Settling velocity in stabilizer]
The settling velocity of amorphous iron oxide and iron powder in the stabilized solution was simulated using the Stokes equation.
（条件）
鉄粉の平均粒径を０．１ｍｍ、比重を７．５と設定した。また、非晶質の酸化鉄の平均粒径を０．００２ｍｍ、比重を５と設定した。なお、鉄粉の平均粒径は、株式会社神戸製鋼所社製の鉄粉のメーカー値である。非晶質の酸化鉄の平均粒径は、石原産業株式会社製のフィックスオールＦＢのメーカー値である。
(conditions)
The iron powder had an average particle size of 0.1 mm and a specific gravity of 7.5. The amorphous iron oxide had an average particle size of 0.002 mm and a specific gravity of 5. The average particle size of the iron powder was determined by the manufacturer of iron powder manufactured by Kobe Steel, Ltd. The average particle size of the amorphous iron oxide was determined by the manufacturer of Fixall FB manufactured by Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha, Ltd.
安定液の粘度は、新液相当の粘度（０．０１Ｐａ・ｓ）、一般的な粘度（０．１Ｐａ・ｓ）、安定液の継続的な使用後の粘度（１．０Ｐａ・ｓ）を設定した。 The viscosity of the stabilizing solution was set to the viscosity equivalent to a new solution (0.01 Pa·s), a typical viscosity (0.1 Pa·s), and the viscosity after continuous use of the stabilizing solution (1.0 Pa·s).
（計算）
以下の式（１）に示すストークス式を用いて、各粘度における鉄粉または非晶質の酸化鉄の沈降速度を求めた。
(calculation)
The settling velocity of iron powder or amorphous iron oxide at each viscosity was calculated using the Stokes equation shown in the following formula (1).
［式１］
沈降速度Ｖ（ｃｍ／ｓ）＝（比重－１）×９８０．７×平均粒径Ｄ２／（１８×安定液の粘度μ）
[Formula 1]
Sedimentation velocity V (cm/s) = (specific gravity -1) x 980.7 x average particle diameter D 2 / (18 x viscosity μ of stable liquid)
（実験結果）
図３に示したように、非晶質の酸化鉄を含む安定液では、粘度０．０１Ｐａ・ｓの場合であっても沈降速度が０．３ｃｍ／ｈ程度であり、鉄粉の場合（１０００ｃｍ／ｈ）と比べ、沈降速度がかなり遅いというシミュレーション結果が得られた。すなわち、非晶質の酸化鉄は、安定液中で沈降し難いため、鉄粉と比べて砒素の吸着効果を長期にわたって維持できることが明らかとなった。
(Experimental results)
As shown in Figure 3, the simulation results show that in a stabilized solution containing amorphous iron oxide, even when the viscosity is 0.01 Pa s, the settling velocity is about 0.3 cm/h, which is significantly slower than that of iron powder (1000 cm/h). In other words, it became clear that amorphous iron oxide is less likely to settle in the stabilized solution, and therefore can maintain its arsenic adsorption effect for a longer period of time than iron powder.
Claims (3)
前記安定液として、アルカリ性、且つ非晶質の酸化鉄を含む溶液を用い、前記安定液中に溶出した重金属を吸着する掘削方法であって、
前記安定液中に含まれる前記非晶質の酸化鉄の割合は、２～５重量％である掘削方法。 1. A method for drilling holes in soil contaminated with heavy metals using a stabilizing solution to inhibit the collapse of the walls of the drilled hole ,
An excavation method using an alkaline solution containing amorphous iron oxide as the stabilizing solution, and adsorbing heavy metals eluted into the stabilizing solution,
The ratio of the amorphous iron oxide contained in the stabilizing liquid is 2 to 5% by weight .
アルカリ性、且つ非晶質の酸化鉄を含み、It is alkaline and contains amorphous iron oxide.
前記安定液中に含まれる前記非晶質の酸化鉄の割合は、２～５重量％である安定液。The stabilizing solution contains the amorphous iron oxide in an amount of 2 to 5% by weight.
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