JP7817960B2 - apartment complex - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to apartment buildings.

Various apartment buildings containing multiple dwelling units have been proposed in the past (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-217921

In recent years, in apartment buildings, there has been a growing trend to design common areas such as corridors and stairwells facing each unit as indoor common areas, separating them from the outside air. While such indoor common areas are excellent from the perspective of crime prevention, they tend to trap heat and cold from outside, and there is room for improvement in terms of comfort.

The present invention was devised in light of the above-mentioned circumstances, and its main objective is to provide an apartment building that can improve the comfort of indoor common areas.

The present invention is an apartment building comprising a plurality of dwelling units, an indoor common area that faces the plurality of dwelling units and is a shared space separated from the outside air, and an air conditioner for supplying conditioned air to the indoor common area, each of the plurality of dwelling units having a floor insulation structure, the indoor common area including a common area foundation that surrounds the indoor common area, and the common area foundation being provided with insulation material for insulating at least a portion of the common area foundation.

By adopting the above-mentioned configuration, the apartment complex of the present invention can improve the comfort of indoor common areas.

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing an apartment building according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the base of FIG. 1. FIG. FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of a foundation of an apartment building according to another embodiment of the present invention. 10 is a graph showing the relationship between the difference in heat loss amount of the indoor common area and the ratio of the perimeter length of the first portion to the perimeter length of the second portion. 10A and 10B are plan views showing the foundation of an apartment building in which the ratio of the perimeter of the first portion to the perimeter length of the second portion is different from each other.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. It should be understood that the drawings contain exaggerated representations and representations that differ from the dimensional proportions of the actual structure in order to aid in understanding the contents of the invention. Furthermore, identical or common elements are designated by the same reference numerals throughout each embodiment, and redundant explanations will be omitted. Furthermore, the specific configurations shown in the embodiments and drawings are intended to aid in understanding the contents of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the specific configurations shown in the drawings.

[Apartment building (first embodiment)]
1 is a conceptual diagram showing an apartment building 1 according to the present embodiment. The apartment building 1 is configured as, for example, an apartment or condominium. In the present embodiment, a two-story apartment building 1 is illustrated as an example, but the apartment building may be, for example, a one-story apartment building or a three-story or higher apartment building.

The apartment building 1 is composed of multiple dwelling units 2, an indoor common area 3, and an air conditioner 4. The multiple dwelling units 2 and the indoor common area 3 are composed of a foundation 5, exterior walls 6, interior walls 7, floors 8, ceilings 9, a roof 10, etc., similar to conventional apartment buildings 1, for example.

[Dwelling unit]
Each dwelling unit 2 is an individual unit in the apartment complex 1 and is a private area for the resident. Each dwelling unit 2 has the necessary functions as a residence, and is configured to include, for example, a living room 16, a toilet 17, and a bathroom (not shown).

In this embodiment, the multiple dwelling units 2 include a first-floor dwelling unit 2A and a second-floor dwelling unit 2B. Each of the first-floor dwelling unit 2A and the second-floor dwelling unit 2B may consist of only one unit, or multiple units. If each of the first-floor dwelling unit 2A and the second-floor dwelling unit 2B consists of multiple units, the dwelling units 2 are separated by a parting wall (not shown).

[Indoor common area]
The indoor common area 3 is a common space that faces multiple dwelling units 2 and is separated from the outside air. Such indoor common area 3 is separated from the outdoors (outside the apartment building 1) 19 by an exterior wall 6, improving crime prevention. In this embodiment, the indoor common area 3 is configured as a corridor, stairwell, or the like facing each dwelling unit 2.

In this embodiment, the indoor common area 3 includes a first-floor indoor common area 3A and a second-floor indoor common area 3B. These first-floor indoor common area 3A and second-floor indoor common area 3B are, for example, corridors. The first-floor indoor common area 3A faces the first-floor dwelling unit 2A. Meanwhile, the second-floor indoor common area 3B faces the second-floor dwelling unit 2B.

The indoor common area 3 in this embodiment includes a staircase 3C with stairs that can be used to ascend and descend between the indoor common area 3A on the first floor and the indoor common area 3B on the second floor. Air can flow between the indoor common area 3A on the first floor and the indoor common area 3B on the second floor via this staircase 3C.

[Air conditioner]
The air conditioner 4 is for supplying conditioned air (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "conditioned air") A1 to the indoor common area 3. The air conditioner 4 of this embodiment includes, as a set, an indoor unit 4A and an outdoor unit (not shown) installed outside the apartment building 1 (outdoors 19).

The indoor unit 4A of this embodiment is installed in the attic 14 of the apartment building 1, and an outlet grill 4a and an intake grill (not shown) are provided on the second-floor ceiling 9B. This indoor unit 4A supplies conditioned air A1 to the indoor common area 3B on the second floor, and further to the indoor common area 3A on the first floor via the staircase 3C. This conditions the entire indoor common area 3. This can improve comfort in the indoor common area 3, where heat and cold air from outside tend to build up.

In this embodiment, the indoor unit 4A supplies conditioned air A1 to the indoor common area 3B on the second floor, but this is not limited to this configuration. For example, the conditioned air A1 may be supplied to the indoor common area 3B on the first floor, or to both the indoor common area 3B on the first floor and the indoor common area 3B on the second floor.

[Basics]
Figure 2 is an enlarged view of the foundation 5 of Figure 1. The foundation 5 is made of, for example, reinforced concrete. The foundation 5 includes a base portion 5a extending horizontally underground and a rising portion 5b extending upward from the center of the width of the base portion 5a and protruding from the ground G. In the area defined by the foundation 5, for example, a dirt floor (concrete floor) 11 is provided.

[Exterior and interior walls]
As shown in Figure 1, the exterior walls 6 are used to separate the interior space of the apartment building 1 (including, in this example, the multiple dwelling units 2 and the indoor common area 3) from the outdoors 19. On the other hand, the interior walls 7 are used to separate the multiple dwelling units 2 from the indoor common area 3. These exterior walls 6 and interior walls 7 are arranged, for example, on a foundation 5. Furthermore, the exterior walls 6 and interior walls 7 may be provided with thermal insulation (not shown) as in conventional cases.

[floor]
The floor 8 in this embodiment is configured to include a first floor floor 8A and a second floor floor 8B.

The first-floor floor 8A constitutes the floor of the first-floor dwelling unit 2A and is located, for example, on the foundation 5. As a result, the apartment building 1 of this embodiment has an underfloor space 12 partitioned by the first-floor floor 8A, the foundation 5, and the earthen floor 11.

In this embodiment, the first-floor floor 8A is made of flooring consisting of multiple arranged board panels. On the other hand, the floor of the indoor common area 3A on the first floor is made of earthen floor 11A (earthen floor 11).

The second-floor floor 8B constitutes the floor of the second-floor dwelling unit 2B and the floor of the second-floor indoor common area 3B. The floor of the second-floor dwelling unit 2B is made of, for example, flooring, just like the first-floor floor 8A. On the other hand, the floor of the second-floor indoor common area 3B is made of, for example, cement boards, etc.

[ceiling]
The ceiling 9 of this embodiment is configured to include a first floor ceiling 9A and a second floor ceiling 9B. In this embodiment, a space between the first floor ceiling 9A and the second floor floor 8B is formed. In addition, an attic 14 is formed between the second floor ceiling 9B and the roof 10.

[Floor insulation structure]
Each of the multiple dwelling units 2 in this embodiment has a floor insulation structure 21. In this embodiment, the floor insulation structure 21 is formed by placing floor insulation material 22 on the floors 8 of the multiple dwelling units 2. The floor insulation material 22 in this embodiment is placed on the underside of each of the floor 8A of the first-floor dwelling unit 2A and the floor 8B of the second-floor dwelling unit 2, but may be placed only on the underside of the floor 8A of the first-floor dwelling unit 2A, for example.

In the apartment building 1 of this embodiment, the floor insulation structure 21 can suppress the flow of heat between the first-floor dwelling unit 2A and the underfloor space 12, and between the second-floor dwelling unit 2B and the inter-floor space 13. This allows the multiple dwelling units 2 to be kept cool in the summer and warm in the winter, improving the comfort of the multiple dwelling units 2. Furthermore, when each dwelling unit 2 is air-conditioned by an air conditioner (not shown), the improved insulation of each dwelling unit 2 increases the air-conditioning efficiency of the air conditioner. This can reduce the air-conditioning costs of the air conditioner in each dwelling unit 2.

Conventional insulating materials can be used for the floor insulation 22, such as, but not limited to, plates of polystyrene foam, urethane foam, or phenolic foam.

[Common area basics]
Fig. 3 is a plan view of the foundation 5. Fig. 3 corresponds to the cross-sectional view taken along line A-A in Fig. 1. As shown in Figs. 1 to 3, the indoor common area 3 of this embodiment includes a common area foundation 23 that surrounds the indoor common area 3. In Fig. 3, the common area foundation 23 is shown in color.

In this embodiment, the common area foundation 23 is the foundation of the portion of the foundation 5 provided on the apartment building 1 that surrounds the indoor common area 3 (dividing the indoor common area 3A on the first floor). In this embodiment, the foundations that divide the dwelling units 2A on the first floor, excluding the portion divided by the common area foundation 23, are identified as dwelling unit foundations 24. These common area foundations 23 and dwelling unit foundations 24 are configured to include the base portion 5a and rising portion 5b shown in Figure 2.

In this embodiment, the common area foundation 23 is composed of a first portion 23A and a second portion 23B. In Figure 3, the second portion 23B is shown in a darker color than the first portion 23A.

The first portion 23A is intended to separate the indoor common area 3 from the outdoors 19. Meanwhile, the second portion 23B is intended to separate the indoor common area 3 from the multiple dwelling units 2. In this embodiment, of the perimeter L of the indoor common area 3 (the horizontal length along the width centerline C of the rising portion 5b), the perimeter L1 of the first portion 23A is set to be greater than the perimeter L2 of the second portion 23B. Therefore, the ratio L1/L2 of the perimeter L1 to the perimeter L2 is greater than 1.0.

[Insulation material for common area foundations]
The common area foundation 23 is provided with insulation 25 for insulating at least a portion of the common area foundation 23. This insulation 25 is similar to conventional foundation insulation, and may be made of, for example, the same material as the floor insulation 22 (shown in Figure 1) described above. As shown in Figure 2, the thickness W of the insulation 25 is set appropriately and may be set to, for example, approximately 40 to 80 mm.

In this embodiment, the insulation material 25 is arranged along the rising portion 5b of the common area foundation 23. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the insulation material 25 extends continuously from the upper end of the rising portion 5b to the lower end (the upper end of the base portion 5a).

In the apartment building 1 of this embodiment, the insulation material 25 installed in the common area foundation 23 prevents heat and cold from the outdoors 19 from being transmitted to the indoor common area 3 via the common area foundation 23 and the floor (earthen floor 11A) of the indoor common area 3B on the first floor adjacent to the common area foundation 23. This keeps the indoor common area 3 cool in the summer and warm in the winter. This improves the comfort of the indoor common area 3.

Furthermore, when the indoor common area 3 is air-conditioned by the air conditioner 4 shown in Figure 1, the air-conditioning efficiency of the air conditioner 4 is increased due to the improved insulation of the indoor common area 3. This can reduce the air-conditioning costs of the air conditioner 4.

As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the insulation material 25 is preferably provided in the first portion 23A that separates the indoor common area 3 from the outdoors 19. This prevents heat and cold from the outdoors 19 from being transmitted to the indoor common area 3 via the first portion 23A and the earthen floor 11A (shown in Figure 2). This improves the comfort of the indoor common area 3. To effectively exert this effect, the insulation material 25 is preferably placed around the entire periphery of the first portion 23A shown in Figure 3.

The insulating material 25 may be provided in the second portion 23B that separates the indoor common area 3 from the multiple dwelling units 2. This prevents heat and cold from the underfloor space 12 of the dwelling units 2 from being transmitted to the indoor common area 3 via the second portion 23B and the earthen floor 11A. This improves the comfort of the indoor common area 3. To effectively achieve this effect, the insulating material 25 is preferably placed around the entire periphery of the second portion 23B.

In the apartment building 1 of this embodiment, the insulation of the dwelling units 2 is ensured by the floor insulation structure 21 of the dwelling units 2, so insulation material 25 is not provided on the dwelling unit foundations 24. This prevents the amount of insulation material 25 from increasing more than necessary, potentially reducing the construction costs of the apartment building 1.

[Apartment building (second embodiment)]
1 and 2 , underground heat (geothermal heat below the earthen floor 11), which does not change much in temperature throughout the year, is transferred to the earthen floor 11 that separates the underfloor space 12. Therefore, the air in the underfloor space 12 exchanges heat with the underground heat via the earthen floor 11. Furthermore, the underfloor space 12 is shielded from sunlight because it is separated by the foundation 5 and the first floor 8. Therefore, in the summer, the temperature of the underfloor space 12 may become as low as the temperature of the air-conditioned indoor common area 3. Therefore, if the cool air from the underfloor space 12 could be transferred to the indoor common area 3 via the second portion 23B and the earthen floor 11A, the indoor common area 3 could be cooled, which is thought to improve the comfort of the indoor common area 3.

Figure 4 is an enlarged view of the foundation 5 of an apartment building 1 in another embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, insulation material 25 is provided only in the first portion 23A. Therefore, insulation material 25 (shown in Figure 2) is not provided in the second portion 23B.

In this embodiment of the apartment building 1, insulation 25 is provided in the first portion 23A, which, as in the previous embodiments, prevents heat and other elements from the outdoors 19 from being transmitted to the indoor common area 3 via the first portion 23A and the earthen floor 11A. On the other hand, insulation 25 is not provided in the second portion 23B, so in the summer, cold air from the underfloor space 12, which is cooler than the indoor common area 3, is transmitted to the indoor common area 3 via the second portion 23B and the earthen floor 11A. As a result, in this embodiment, the indoor common area 3 is cooled by the cold air from the underfloor space 12, improving comfort in the indoor common area 3 and further increasing the air conditioning efficiency (cooling efficiency) of the air conditioner 4. Furthermore, omitting insulation 25 in the second portion 23B can reduce the construction costs of the apartment building 1.

On the other hand, in winter, although heat exchange occurs between the air in the underfloor space 12 and geothermal heat, the temperature of the underfloor space 12 tends to be lower than the temperature of the indoor common area 3 because the underfloor space 12 is shielded from sunlight and no insulation 25 is installed in the dwelling unit foundation 24. Furthermore, the temperature difference between the underfloor space 12 and the indoor common area 3 in winter is likely to be greater than the temperature difference between the underfloor space 12 and the indoor common area 3 in summer. For this reason, if insulation 25 is not installed in the second portion 23B, the cold air in the underfloor space 12 in winter will be transmitted to the indoor common area 3 via the second portion 23B and the earthen floor 11A, and the comfort of the indoor common area 3 and the air conditioning efficiency (heating efficiency) of the air conditioner 4 may not be sufficiently improved.

In this way, if the insulation material 25 is uniformly provided only in the first portion 23A, even if the comfort of the indoor common area 3 and the air conditioning efficiency of the air conditioner 4 are improved in the summer, these may not be sufficiently improved in the winter.

Note that if the difference (W1-W2) between the heat loss amount W1 of the indoor common area 3 (shown in Figure 4) in which the insulation material 25 is provided only in the first portion 23A and the heat loss amount W2 of the indoor common area 3 (shown in Figure 2) in which the insulation material 25 is provided in both the first portion 23A and the second portion 23B is small, the improvement in the insulating performance (reduction in the amount of heat loss) due to the insulation material 25 in the second portion 23B is small. In this case, the insulating performance of the insulation material 25 in the first portion 23A dominates the amount of heat loss in the indoor common area 3. Here, each of the heat loss amounts W1 and W2 is determined as the sum of the heat inflow into the indoor common area 3 in summer and the heat outflow in winter.

As such, in the indoor common area 3 where the difference (W1 - W2) is small, the improvement in insulation performance due to the insulation material 25 in the second portion 23B is small, so even if the insulation material 25 in the second portion 25B is omitted, the deterioration in comfort in the indoor common area 3 in winter can be suppressed. Furthermore, omitting the insulation material 25 in the second portion 25B improves comfort in the indoor common area 3 in summer.

Furthermore, as a result of extensive research, the inventors discovered that there is a correlation between the above-mentioned difference in heat loss (W1-W2) and the ratio L1/L2 of the perimeter length L1 of the first portion 23A and the perimeter length L2 of the second portion 23B. They then discovered that in a common area foundation 23 configured with a ratio L1/L2 in which the difference in heat loss (W1-W2) is equal to or less than a predetermined reference value S, providing insulation 25 only in the first portion 23A can improve comfort in summer while minimizing deterioration in winter comfort. The reference value S is set appropriately depending on the size of the indoor common area 3, the upper limit of heat loss required for the indoor common area 3, and other factors, and is set to, for example, 50 to 150 W (100 W in this example).

Figure 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the difference in heat loss (W1-W2) in the indoor common area 3 and the ratio L1/L2 of the perimeter length L1 of the first portion 23A to the perimeter length L2 of the second portion 23B. Figures 6(a) and 6(b) are plan views showing the foundations 5 of apartment buildings 1 with different ratios L1/L2 of the perimeter length L1 of the first portion 23A to the perimeter length L2 of the second portion 23B. The ratio L1/L2 in Figure 6(a) is 0.16. The ratio L1/L2 in Figure 6(b) is 0.44. The ratio L1/L2 of the apartment building 1 shown in Figure 3 is 1.30.

In this embodiment, the heat loss amount W1 when the insulation material 25 is provided only in the first portion 23A and the heat loss amount W2 when the insulation material 25 is provided in both the first portion 23A and the second portion 23B were calculated for the apartment building shown in Figure 6(a) (ratio L1/L2: 0.16), the apartment building shown in Figure 6(b) (ratio L1/L2: 0.44), and the apartment building shown in Figure 3 (ratio L1/L2: 1.30). These heat loss amounts W1 and W2 were calculated using computer simulation. Then, for each apartment building, the perimeter ratio L1/L2 and the difference in heat loss amount (W1 - W2) were plotted, and the approximate curves were identified to create the graph shown in Figure 5. The calculation conditions were as follows:
Apartment complex:
3-story building (floor height: 2.4m)
summer:
Outside temperature: 35°C
Indoor common area temperature: 26°C
Underfloor space temperature: 25°C
Ground temperature: 62°C
Attic temperature: 45℃
Temperature of the outer surface of the exterior wall: 44°C
winter:
Outside temperature: 5°C
Indoor common area temperature: 20°C
Underfloor space temperature: 10.5℃
Ground temperature: 5℃
Attic temperature: 10℃
Temperature of the outer surface of the exterior wall: 5°C

As shown in Figure 5, when the ratio L1/L2 is in the range of 0.4 to 1.0, the difference in heat loss (W1 - W2) is small and satisfies the standard value S.

In an indoor common area 3 where the ratio L1/L2 is 1.0 or less (shown in Figure 6(b)), the perimeter length L2 of the second portion 23B is set relatively larger than in an indoor common area 3 where the ratio L1/L2 is 1.0 or more (shown in Figure 3). In such an indoor common area 3, the insulation material 25 is omitted from the second portion 23B, so that cool air in the underfloor space 12 in the summer is effectively transferred to the indoor common area 3, reducing the amount of heat inflow in the summer.

On the other hand, in an indoor common area 3 where the ratio L1/L2 is 0.4 or greater (shown in Figure 6(b)), the perimeter length L2 of the second portion 23B is prevented from becoming unnecessarily large, compared to an indoor common area 3 where the ratio L1/L2 is less than 0.4 (shown in Figure 6(a)). As a result, even if the insulation material 25 in the second portion 23B is omitted, the transmission of cold air from the underfloor space 12 to the indoor common area 3 in winter can be minimized, thereby reducing the amount of heat loss in winter.

Therefore, in an apartment building 1 having an indoor common area 3 with a ratio L1/L2 of 0.4 to 1.0, it is preferable to provide insulation 25 only in the first portion 23A, as shown in Figure 4. This improves the comfort of the indoor common area 3 in summer while maintaining the comfort of the indoor common area 3 in winter. Furthermore, omitting insulation 25 in the second portion 23B can reduce the construction costs of the apartment building 1. To effectively achieve this effect, it is preferable to provide insulation 25 only in the first portion 23A in an indoor common area 3 with a ratio L1/L2 of 0.5 to 0.8.

In addition, in an apartment building 1 having an indoor common area 3 (shown in Figures 3 and 6(a)) where the ratio L1/L2 is outside the above range, it is preferable to provide insulation 25 in both the first portion 23A and the second portion 23B, as shown in Figures 1 to 3, as in the previous embodiments. This can prevent a decrease in comfort in the indoor common area 3 in summer and winter. This can therefore improve the comfort of the indoor common area 3 and the air conditioning efficiency of the air conditioner 4.

The above describes in detail a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiment and can be modified and implemented in various ways.

[Note]
The present invention includes the following aspects.

[Invention 1]
It is an apartment building,
Multiple dwellings and
an indoor common area that faces the plurality of dwelling units and is a common space separated from the outside air;
an air conditioner for supplying conditioned air to the indoor common area;
Each of the plurality of dwelling units has a floor insulation structure,
The indoor common area includes a common area foundation surrounding the indoor common area,
The common area foundation is provided with a heat insulating material for insulating at least a part of the common area foundation.
apartment complex.
[Invention 2]
The common area foundation includes a first portion that separates the indoor common area from the outdoors, and a second portion that separates the indoor common area from the plurality of dwelling units,
The apartment building described in claim 1, wherein the insulation material is provided in the first portion.
[Invention 3]
An apartment building as described in claim 2, wherein the heat insulating material is provided in the second portion.
[Invention 4]
a ratio L1/L2 of a circumferential length L1 of the first portion to a circumferential length L2 of the second portion is 0.4 to 1.0;
An apartment building as described in claim 2, wherein the insulation material is provided only in the first portion.

1. Apartment complex 2. Dwelling unit 3. Indoor common area 4. Air conditioner 23. Common area foundation 25. Heat insulation

Claims (4)

It is an apartment building,
Multiple dwellings and
an indoor common area that faces the plurality of dwelling units and is a common space separated from the outside air;
an air conditioner for supplying conditioned air to the indoor common area;
Each of the plurality of dwelling units has a floor insulation structure,
The indoor common area includes a common area foundation surrounding the indoor common area,
The common area foundation is provided with a heat insulating material for insulating at least a part of the common area foundation.
apartment complex. The common area foundation includes a first portion that separates the indoor common area from the outdoors, and a second portion that separates the indoor common area from the plurality of dwelling units,
The apartment building according to claim 1 , wherein the heat insulating material is provided in the first portion. The apartment building described in claim 2, wherein the insulation material is provided in the second portion. a ratio L1/L2 of a circumferential length L1 of the first portion to a circumferential length L2 of the second portion is 0.4 to 1.0;
The apartment building according to claim 2 , wherein the heat insulating material is provided only in the first portion.