JP7833726B2 - Self-extinguishing sheets and self-extinguishing system walls - Google Patents

Description

This invention relates to a self-extinguishing sheet and a self-extinguishing system wall. More specifically, it relates to a self-extinguishing sheet and a self-extinguishing system wall that can be detachably attached to a wall surface and automatically sprays a fire extinguishing agent aerosol when a fire occurs to perform initial fire suppression.

While the importance of initial fire suppression has long been understood, in recent years, there has been an increasing number of cases of intense fires occurring in public facilities and on trains that were not originally anticipated, becoming a social problem. Under these circumstances, self-extinguishing sheets that automatically generate aerosols using the heat of a fire to extinguish it, as shown in Patent Documents 1 and 2, are attracting attention.

Japanese Patent Publication No. 2021-137346 Japanese Patent Publication No. 2021-137445

The self-extinguishing sheets mentioned above need to be replaced periodically to compensate for the deterioration of their main component, the extinguishing agent, over time. However, because they are attached to walls with adhesive, replacement requires careful removal to avoid damaging the wall surface. After removal, any remaining adhesive must be wiped off before applying the new self-extinguishing sheet, which presents work difficulties. Furthermore, because they are attached with adhesive, they cannot be repositioned, requiring careful selection of the installation location and installation process, resulting in a significant workload. Therefore, in some cases, specialized professionals may be required, leading to cost issues.

This invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and aims to provide a self-extinguishing sheet and a self-extinguishing system wall that can be reattached by utilizing magnetic force and can be easily installed by anyone.

The present invention employs the following means to solve the above-mentioned problems. Note that the parenthetical reference numerals attached to each component in this section ("Means for Solving the Problems") are for reference purposes only to indicate the correspondence with the specific means described in the embodiments below, and do not limit the components of the present invention to these.

One aspect of the present invention is a fire extinguishing sheet that extinguishes a fire by generating an aerosol, comprising a magnetic layer (12) and fire extinguishing agent layers (11) on both sides of the magnetic layer (12).

In another aspect of the present invention, in a self-extinguishing sheet, the extinguishing agent layer (11) has a design layer (13) on the side opposite to the magnetic layer (12).

In another aspect of the present invention, the self-extinguishing sheet has a resin layer (14) between the extinguishing agent layer (11) and the design layer (13).

In another aspect of the present invention, the self-extinguishing sheet comprises a magnetic layer (12) containing at least a mixture of fine powder of a soft magnetic material and an organic polymer elastomer acting as a binder.

Another aspect of the present invention is a self-extinguishing sheet in which the magnetic layer (12) is made of sheet-shaped steel or sheet-shaped ferritic stainless steel.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to a self-extinguishing sheet in which the magnetic layer comprises a mixture of at least fine powder of a hard magnetic material and an organic polymer elastomer acting as a binder, and at least one surface thereof is magnetized.

Another aspect of the present invention involves attaching a self-extinguishing sheet (20) and a wall surface (30) formed on the surface of a wall material (40) to a self-extinguishing system wall using magnetic force.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to a self-extinguishing system wall in which at least one of the wall surface (30) and the wall material (40) includes a magnetic material.

Another aspect of the present invention is a self-extinguishing system wall in which the wall surface (30) is a fire-resistant panel or a fire-resistant sheet.

The main effects of the embodiments of the present invention are described below.
In the self-extinguishing sheet, a fire extinguishing agent layer (11) is formed on both sides of the magnetic layer (12). When a fire occurs, the heat from the fire extinguishing agent layer (11) causes it to spray an aerosol containing the fire extinguishing agent component, and the fire can be extinguished by the radical reaction of the fire extinguishing agent component.
The presence of a magnetic layer (12) makes it possible to easily attach the self-extinguishing sheet to a magnetic wall composed of a wall surface (30) and wall material (40) by magnetic force, and also to easily remove it, allowing for repeated use.
A decorative layer (13) is formed on the other side of the fire extinguishing agent layer (11), providing a design element while also allowing for printing of information such as the next replacement date and handling precautions. Furthermore, by covering the fire extinguishing agent layer (11), the rate of deterioration of the fire extinguishing agent is suppressed, while simultaneously improving the durability of the self-extinguishing sheet.
By making the wall surface (30) and wall material (40) fire-resistant, and by installing a self-extinguishing sheet (20) and a fire-resistant panel (31) in combination, it becomes possible to have both fire-extinguishing and fire-resistant functions, thereby minimizing damage in the event of a fire.

According to the present invention, by adding a magnetic layer to the self-extinguishing sheet, it becomes possible to reattach it to a wall surface, making installation easy for anyone. This provides a self-extinguishing sheet and a self-extinguishing system wall that are highly durable and offer improved fire safety.

This is a cross-sectional view of the self-extinguishing sheet according to the first embodiment. This is a cross-sectional view of the self-extinguishing sheet according to the second embodiment. This is a cross-sectional view of the self-extinguishing sheet according to the third embodiment. This is a schematic diagram of the self-extinguishing system wall of the fourth embodiment. This is a schematic diagram of the self-extinguishing system wall of the fourth embodiment.

The embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the attached drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[First Embodiment]
Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a self-extinguishing sheet according to the first embodiment. The self-extinguishing sheet 1 has a magnetic layer 12 and a fire extinguishing agent layer 11 on both sides of the magnetic layer 12.

The magnetic layer 12 mainly consists of magnetic material powder and organic polymer elastomer.
The magnetic material powders used are soft magnetic material powders, and include ferromagnetic materials with low coercivity and high permeability (iron powder, magnetic stainless steel powder, Sendust powder, etc.) and ferrimagnetic materials with low coercivity and high permeability (soft ferrites such as manganese zinc ferrite powder, nickel zinc ferrite powder, magnetite powder = iron(II,III) oxide powder, etc.). Mixtures of both can also be used.

Examples of organic polymer elastomers include chlorinated polyethylene elastomers, chlorosulfonated polyethylene elastomers, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer elastomers, ethylene ethyl acrylate elastomers, ethylene propylene elastomers, and urethane-based elastomers. Furthermore, mixtures of these elastomers and mixtures of these elastomers with plastomers (plastics) can be used as appropriate depending on the desired physical properties.

The magnetic layer 12 is formed from these mixtures into a sheet using a molding method such as rolling or extrusion, and is magnetically attached to the wall surface of a magnetized hard magnetic surface.

The magnetic layer 12 may be made of sheet-shaped steel or sheet-shaped ferritic stainless steel. Steel and ferritic stainless steel act as soft magnetic materials, causing them to magnetically adhere to the magnetized hard magnetic wall surface. Furthermore, because they possess fire resistance, they can be expected to prevent the spread of fire towards the wall.

The magnetic layer 12 may be a magnetic sheet. Using a magnetic sheet makes it possible to magnetically attach not only to magnetized hard magnetic walls but also to soft magnetic walls. The magnetic sheet is a flexible, sheet-like magnet, and its surface is magnetized with alternating north and south poles in a striped pattern, forming magnetization lines at a constant pitch. A thickness of 80 μm or more is preferable. A thickness less than 80 μm cannot be expected to provide sufficient magnetic attraction.

Such flexible sheet-like magnets are manufactured by mixing a fine powder of a hard magnetic material (e.g., ferrite-based magnetic materials such as barium ferrite and strontium ferrite, or rare-earth magnetic materials such as samarium-cobalt-based magnets, neodymium-iron-boron-based magnets, etc.) with a small amount of organic polymer elastomer acting as a binder (e.g., chlorinated polyethylene, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-propylene rubber, nitrile rubber, acrylic rubber, chloroprene rubber), forming the mixture into a sheet by a molding method such as rolling or extrusion, and then magnetizing it. Preferably, the magnetization pitch of the magnet sheet is between 1.0 mm and 7.0 mm.

The fire extinguishing agent layer is made by mixing aerosol fire extinguishing agent and binders manufactured by Yamato Protec Co., Ltd. and forming it into a sheet. The fire extinguishing agent mainly consists of an oxidizing agent and potassium salt. When a fire occurs, the heat causes the oxidizing agent to burn, reacting with the potassium salt and releasing an aerosol. The potassium radical reaction of the aerosol suppresses the chain reaction of combustion in the fire, leading to its extinguishing.
The fire extinguishing agent layer 11 and the magnetic layer 12 are formed via an adhesive layer.

The magnetic layer 12 preferably has multiple through-holes. In the event of a fire, the first stage involves the generation of aerosols from the fire extinguishing agent layer 11 on the fire source side due to the heat of the fire, thus extinguishing the fire. If the fire is not sufficiently extinguished, the second stage involves the heating of the fire extinguishing agent layer 11 on the wall side through the through-holes in the magnetic layer 12, which again generates aerosols. These aerosols are then ejected through the through-holes in the magnetic layer 12, extinguishing the fire.

The magnetic layer 12 preferably has heat resistance. If the process proceeds to the second stage described above in the event of a fire, the self-extinguishing sheet 1 can maintain its magnetic attachment to the wall surface if the magnetic layer 12 has heat resistance.

The self-extinguishing sheet 1 can be installed on the entire surface of a wall, or selectively in areas with a high probability of ignition or in areas where significant damage is expected if ignition occurs. Examples of areas with a high probability of ignition include kitchens, factories, hazardous materials storage areas, electrical panels, and secondary battery installation areas. Examples of areas where significant damage is expected include public facilities such as hospitals and schools, corporate offices, and public transportation such as trains and airplanes. Because the self-extinguishing sheet 1 is a sheet that can be installed repeatedly, anyone can install it selectively and efficiently in these locations. Furthermore, even in the case of temporary events, its reusability allows for unprecedented services such as rental use.
The magnetic layer 12 and the fire extinguishing agent layer 11 may be formed by applying the fire extinguishing agent to the magnetic layer 12, or vice versa.

[Second Embodiment]
Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the self-extinguishing sheet 2 of the second embodiment. The self-extinguishing sheet 2 has a magnetic layer 12, a fire extinguishing agent layer 11 on both sides of the magnetic layer 12, and a design layer 13 on each side of the fire extinguishing agent layer 11 opposite to the magnetic layer 12. The fire extinguishing agent layer 11 and the design layer 13 may be formed via an adhesive layer, or they may be formed by applying the design layer 13 to the fire extinguishing agent layer 11. The other configurations are the same as in the first embodiment.

The design layer 13 is a film-like decorative material and may be an ink-receiving layer with a printed pattern or design. The ink-receiving layer can be made of thermoplastic resins such as polyvinyl chloride resin or polyethylene resin, or thin coated paper. Ink is fixed to this ink-receiving layer by printing according to the application. Printing methods include offset printing, letterpress printing, inkjet printing, and thermal transfer printing.

By applying a design layer 13, it is expected that the design will harmonize with the surroundings and that the location of the self-extinguishing sheet 2 will be clearly indicated. Furthermore, printing precautions and expiration dates is expected to improve handling and management.

By having the design layer 13 on both sides of the self-extinguishing sheet 2, it becomes possible to apply different designs to the front and back. Because it is magnetically attached to a magnetic wall surface, it can be easily flipped over, allowing the design to be changed according to preference.

The design layer 13 covers the fire extinguishing agent layer 11, thereby blocking contact with the outside air, preventing deterioration of the fire extinguishing agent layer 11, and improving the durability of the self-extinguishing sheet 1. The design layer 13 preferably has moderate thermal meltability. In the event of a fire, the heat melts the design layer 13, exposing the fire extinguishing agent layer 11 and extinguishing the fire in the same manner as in the first embodiment.

The mounting location for the self-extinguishing sheet 2 is the same as in the first embodiment.

[Third Embodiment]
Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the self-extinguishing sheet 3 of the third embodiment. The self-extinguishing sheet 3 has a magnetic layer 12, a fire extinguishing agent layer 11 on both sides of the magnetic layer 12, a resin layer 14 on each side of the fire extinguishing agent layer 11 opposite to the magnetic layer 12, and a design layer 13 on each side of the resin layer 14 opposite to the fire extinguishing agent layer 11. The resin layer 14 and the magnetic layer 12 may be formed via an adhesive layer, or the resin layer 14 may be applied to the magnetic layer 12, or vice versa. The resin layer 14 and the design layer 13 may be formed via an adhesive layer, or the design layer 13 may be applied to the resin layer 14. The other configurations are the same as in the first and second embodiments.
The resin layer 14 covers the fire extinguishing agent layer 11, thereby blocking contact with the outside air, preventing deterioration of the fire extinguishing agent layer 11, and is expected to improve the durability of the self-extinguishing sheet 3.

The mounting location for the self-extinguishing sheet 3 is the same as in the first embodiment.

[Fourth Embodiment]
Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the self-extinguishing system wall 6 of the fourth embodiment. The self-extinguishing system wall 4 comprises a self-extinguishing sheet 20, a wall material 40, and a wall surface 30. The self-extinguishing sheet 20 can be one of the first, second, or third embodiments.

The wall surface 30 is in the form of a sheet or panel and is formed on the surface of the wall material 40. The wall surface 30 is fastened and fixed to the wall material 40 using nails, screws, adhesive, staples, magnets, etc.

The wall surface 30 preferably has excellent fire resistance, and preferably possesses non-combustibility that satisfies the following conditions in a heat generation test using a cone calorimeter tester in accordance with ISO 5660-1 and the fire prevention and performance evaluation standards based on Article 2, Item 9 of the Building Standards Act and Article 108-2 of the Enforcement Order of the Building Standards Act: (1) the total heat generation for 20 minutes after the start of heating is 8 MJ/m2 or less; (2) the maximum heat generation rate does not exceed 200 KW/m2 for 10 seconds or more continuously after the start of heating; and (3) there are no cracks or holes that are harmful from a fire prevention standpoint for 20 minutes after the start of heating.

The wall material 40 is made of plywood, concrete, light metal, or gypsum board. Among these, gypsum board is a base material for the wall surface, and is typically sized, for example, 1800 mm x 900 mm with a thickness of 12.5 mm to 15 mm. Gypsum board 10 with a thickness within this range is suitable as wall material 40 because it has excellent fire resistance and is non-combustible on its own. Alternatively, materials such as Dylight (a registered trademark of Daiken Corporation) or calcium silicate board may be used instead of gypsum board.

At least one of the wall surface 30 and the wall material 40 is magnetic. This allows the self-extinguishing sheet 20 to be attached to the wall surface 30 by magnetic force with its magnetic layer, enabling it to function as a self-extinguishing system wall that is easy to reattach.

Specifically, at least one of the wall surface 30 and the wall material 40 may have hard magnetism. In this case, by magnetically attaching to the magnetic layer of the self-extinguishing sheet 20, it functions as a self-extinguishing system wall that can be easily reattached.

In addition, at least one of the wall surface 30 or the wall material 40 may have soft magnetism. In this case, if the magnetic layer of the self-extinguishing sheet 20 is magnetized hard magnetism, it can be magnetically attached to function as a self-extinguishing system wall that is easy to reattach.

Furthermore, the wall surface 30 may have hard magnetism, while the wall material 40 has soft magnetism. In this case, the yoke effect of the wall material 40 strengthens the magnetic force of the wall surface 30, making it possible to magnetically attach the self-extinguishing sheet 20 more firmly.

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the self-extinguishing system wall 6 of the fourth embodiment. The self-extinguishing sheet 20 is attached to a kitchen wall composed of wall material 40 and wall surface 30, and a fire-resistant panel 31 is attached near the stove, thus forming the self-extinguishing system wall 6. As in this example, it is possible to select a kitchen with a high risk of fire and attach the necessary number of self-extinguishing sheets 20 there. Furthermore, it allows for a high degree of flexibility in operation, such as combining them with fire-resistant panels, changing the installation location, or increasing or decreasing the number of sheets as needed.

The example above shows installation in a kitchen, but this is not the only location. Other examples include factories, hazardous materials storage facilities, electrical panels, secondary battery installation locations, public facilities such as hospitals and schools, corporate offices, and public transportation such as trains and airplanes.

While embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the embodiments disclosed are merely illustrative, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. The scope of the present invention is indicated by the claims and is intended to include all modifications within the meaning and scope equivalent to the claims.

For example, in the above-described embodiment, a self-extinguishing system wall is described as a wall, but this is not limited to walls that partition a room vertically; it could also be a ceiling or a floor, as long as it partitions the room horizontally.

This self-extinguishing sheet, which can be easily attached to walls using magnetic attraction, and the self-extinguishing system wall, can be widely used.

1 Self-extinguishing sheet 2 Self-extinguishing sheet 3 Self-extinguishing sheet 4 Self-extinguishing system wall 11 Extinguishing agent layer 12 Magnetic layer 13 Design layer 14 Resin layer 20 Self-extinguishing sheet 30 Wall surface 31 Fire-resistant panel 40 Wall material

Claims (4)

A self-extinguishing fire sheet that extinguishes fires by generating aerosols, characterized in that it has a magnetic layer, fire extinguishing agent layers on both sides of the magnetic layer, a design layer on the side opposite to the magnetic layer of the fire extinguishing agent layer, a resin layer between the fire extinguishing agent layer and the design layer , and the magnetic layer contains a mixture of at least fine powder of a soft magnetic material and an organic polymer elastomer that acts as a binder . A self-extinguishing wall system characterized by attaching the self-extinguishing sheet described in claim 1 to a wall surface formed on the surface of a wall material by magnetic force. A self-extinguishing system wall according to claim 2 , wherein at least one of the wall surface and the wall material is a magnetized hard magnetic material. The self-extinguishing system wall according to claim 3 , wherein the wall surface is made of a fire-resistant panel or a fire-resistant sheet.