JP7838759B2 - Shellfish farming systems and farming methods - Google Patents
Shellfish farming systems and farming methodsInfo
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- JP7838759B2 JP7838759B2 JP2023167875A JP2023167875A JP7838759B2 JP 7838759 B2 JP7838759 B2 JP 7838759B2 JP 2023167875 A JP2023167875 A JP 2023167875A JP 2023167875 A JP2023167875 A JP 2023167875A JP 7838759 B2 JP7838759 B2 JP 7838759B2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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Description
本発明は、貝類の養殖システムおよび養殖方法に関し、詳しくは、貝類の飼育環境を最適に保つとともに、飼育コストを抑えることができる貝類の養殖システムおよび養殖方法に関する。 This invention relates to a shellfish farming system and method, and more specifically, to a shellfish farming system and method that can maintain an optimal environment for raising shellfish while reducing farming costs.
現在、魚介類の陸上養殖は全国各地で行われている。一方で、貝類、特にアワビは、他の魚類と比較してホメオスタシス能力が低く、水質の変化に弱いため、海水かけ流しによる飼育方法が主であり、完全閉鎖循環型の養殖が困難とされてきた。また貝類は、通常の魚介類に比べて成長が遅いため、陸上養殖においては生産コストが高いという問題もあった。 Currently, land-based aquaculture of fish and shellfish is carried out throughout Japan. However, shellfish, especially abalone, have a lower homeostatic capacity compared to other fish and are sensitive to changes in water quality. Therefore, cultivation methods primarily involve continuous flow of seawater, making fully closed-loop aquaculture difficult. Furthermore, shellfish grow more slowly than typical fish and shellfish, resulting in high production costs in land-based aquaculture.
そこで、これまでに、養殖用飼料の材料として特定の飼料を用いることで、アワビを低コストで養殖する技術が提案されている（特許文献１～３）。特許文献１の提案では、通常では廃棄する食材を養殖用飼料として用いることが提案されており、特許文献２、３では、システム内に藻類栽培装置を設けて、その藻類により養殖用水を浄化するとともに、藻類を飼料として用いる提案がなされている。 Therefore, technologies have been proposed to cultivate abalone at low cost by using specific feeds as ingredients for aquaculture feed (Patent Documents 1-3). Patent Document 1 proposes using food ingredients that would normally be discarded as aquaculture feed, while Patent Documents 2 and 3 propose installing an algae cultivation device within the system to purify the aquaculture water with the algae and to use the algae as feed.
貝類の養殖における生産コストは、主に設備費、人件費、ランニングコスト等で構成されるが、中でも特に揚水に掛かる電気代が大きな割合を占めている。そのため、特許文献１～３のように、特定の飼料を用いることでは生産コストを抑える根本的な解決にはなっておらず、費用対効果の面から、現状よりも生産コストを低減させるシステムの開発が望まれている。 Production costs in shellfish farming mainly consist of equipment costs, labor costs, and running costs, with electricity costs for water pumping accounting for a particularly large proportion. Therefore, as described in Patent Documents 1-3, using specific feeds does not provide a fundamental solution to reduce production costs. From a cost-effectiveness perspective, the development of a system that further reduces production costs than the current system is desired.
本発明は以上のような事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、使用飼育水およびエネルギーコストを低減するとともに、飼育環境を貝類の成長に最適となるように調整、維持することにより、生産期間を短縮し、システム全体のランニングコストを大幅に低減することが可能な貝類の養殖システムおよび養殖方法を提供することを課題としている。 This invention was made in view of the above circumstances, and aims to provide a shellfish farming system and method that can shorten the production period and significantly reduce the overall running cost of the system by reducing the cost of water and energy used for rearing, and by adjusting and maintaining the rearing environment to be optimal for the growth of shellfish.
本発明の貝類の養殖システムおよび養殖方法は、上記の技術的課題を解決するためになされたものであって、以下のことを特徴としている。 The shellfish farming system and method of the present invention were developed to solve the above-mentioned technical problems and are characterized by the following:
第１に、本発明の貝類の養殖システムは、飼育水および飼育する貝類を収容する飼育槽、
前記飼育槽に前記飼育水を供給する飼育水調温槽、および、
生物濾過槽を含み、
前記飼育槽、飼育水調温槽および生物濾過槽に順次前記飼育水を循環させるとともに、外部から新規飼育水を取り込む貝類の養殖システムであって、
前記飼育水調温槽および前記生物濾過槽の水量が、前記飼育槽の水量を１００とした場合に１５～３０の水量比であり、
前記飼育槽は、汚水を排出する汚水排出機構を有し、
前記飼育水調温槽は、外部から新規飼育水を取り込む飼育水取り込み機構を有し、
前記飼育水調温槽の飼育水取り込み機構により、前記飼育槽、飼育水調温槽および生物濾過槽の各水量の合計水量に対して、１時間当たり１０～３０％の新規飼育水を取り込むとともに、
１時間当たり、前記合計水量の２～３倍の飼育水を循環させることを特徴とする。
第２に、上記第１の発明の貝類の養殖システムにおいて、前記飼育槽と前記飼育水調温槽との間に、物理濾過装置が設けられていることを特徴とする。
第３に、上記第１又は第２の発明の貝類の養殖システムにおいて、前記飼育水調温槽に設けられた温度調整装置により、飼育水の温度が１５～２５℃に調整されることを特徴とする。
第４に、上記第１から第３の発明の貝類の養殖システムにおいて、前記貝類がアワビであり、前記飼育水が海水又は海水成分に調整された塩水であることを特徴とする。
第５に、本発明の貝類の養殖方法は、飼育水および飼育する貝類を収容する飼育槽、
前記飼育槽に前記飼育水を供給する飼育水調温槽、および、
生物濾過槽を含み、
前記飼育槽、飼育水調温槽および生物濾過槽に順次前記飼育水を循環させるとともに、外部から新規飼育水を取り込む貝類の養殖システムを用いた養殖方法であって、
前記飼育水調温槽および前記生物濾過槽の水量が、前記飼育槽の水量を１００とした場合に１５～３０の水量比であり、
前記飼育槽で、汚水を排出し、
前記飼育水調温槽で、前記飼育槽、飼育水調温槽および生物濾過槽の各水量の合計水量に対して、１時間当たり１０～３０％の新規飼育水を取り込むとともに、
１時間当たり前記合計水量の２～３倍の飼育水を循環させることを特徴とする。
Firstly, the shellfish farming system of the present invention includes rearing water and rearing tanks for housing the shellfish to be reared.
A breeding water temperature control tank for supplying the breeding water to the breeding tank, and
Including a biological filtration tank,
A shellfish farming system that sequentially circulates the rearing water through the rearing tank, the rearing water temperature control tank, and the biological filtration tank, and also takes in new rearing water from the outside,
The water volumes of the breeding water temperature control tank and the biological filtration tank are in a ratio of 15 to 30 when the water volume of the breeding tank is set to 100.
The aforementioned rearing tank has a wastewater discharge mechanism for discharging wastewater,
The aforementioned breeding water temperature control tank has a breeding water intake mechanism that takes in new breeding water from the outside,
The rearing water intake mechanism of the aforementioned rearing water temperature control tank takes in 10-30% of the total volume of water in the rearing tank, rearing water temperature control tank, and biological filtration tank per hour,
The system is characterized by circulating two to three times the total volume of breeding water per hour.
Secondly, the shellfish farming system of the first invention is characterized in that a physical filtration device is provided between the rearing tank and the rearing water temperature control tank.
Thirdly, in the shellfish farming system of the first or second invention described above, the temperature of the rearing water is adjusted to 15 to 25°C by a temperature control device provided in the rearing water temperature control tank.
Fourth, in the shellfish farming system of the first to third inventions described above, the shellfish is abalone, and the rearing water is seawater or saline water adjusted to contain seawater components.
Fifth, the shellfish cultivation method of the present invention includes rearing water and a rearing tank for housing the shellfish to be reared.
A breeding water temperature control tank for supplying the breeding water to the breeding tank, and
Including a biological filtration tank,
A method of cultivating shellfish using a shellfish cultivation system that sequentially circulates the cultivation water through the aforementioned cultivation tank, cultivation water temperature control tank, and biological filtration tank, while also taking in new cultivation water from an external source,
The water volumes of the breeding water temperature control tank and the biological filtration tank are in a ratio of 15 to 30 when the water volume of the breeding tank is set to 100.
In the aforementioned breeding tank, wastewater is discharged,
In the aforementioned rearing water temperature control tank, 10-30% of the total volume of water in the rearing tank, the rearing water temperature control tank, and the biological filtration tank is replaced with new rearing water per hour.
The system is characterized by circulating two to three times the total volume of water per hour.
本発明の貝類の養殖システムおよび養殖方法によれば、使用飼育水およびエネルギーコストを低減するとともに、飼育環境を貝類の成長に最適となるように調整、維持することにより、生産期間を短縮し、システム全体のランニングコストを大幅に低減することができ、生産の高効率化、省エネルギー化を図ることが可能となる。 According to the shellfish farming system and method of the present invention, it is possible to reduce the cost of rearing water and energy, and by adjusting and maintaining the rearing environment to be optimal for the growth of shellfish, the production period can be shortened, and the overall running cost of the system can be significantly reduced, thereby enabling higher production efficiency and energy conservation.
以下に、本発明に係る貝類の養殖システムの実施の形態を図面に基づいて詳細に説明する。図１は、本発明に係る貝類の養殖システムの一実施形態の概略構成図である。本実施形態の貝類の養殖システム１は、飼育水および飼育する貝類を収容する飼育槽２と、飼育水調温槽３と、生物濾過槽４を備えている。 The following describes in detail, with reference to the drawings, embodiments of the shellfish farming system according to the present invention. Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the shellfish farming system according to the present invention. The shellfish farming system 1 of this embodiment comprises a rearing tank 2 for containing rearing water and shellfish to be reared, a rearing water temperature control tank 3, and a biological filtration tank 4.
本実施形態の貝類の養殖システム１で飼育可能な貝類としては、一般に海水又は淡水により地上養殖が可能な軟体動物門腹足綱に属する藻食性のアワビやサザエ等の巻貝を例示することができ、これらの中でもアワビを好適に飼育することができる。なお、海洋性の貝類を養殖する場合には、飼育水として海水、又は海水成分に調整された塩水を用いる。以下の実施形態においては、飼育水として海水を用いたアワビを飼育する養殖システムについて説明する。 Examples of shellfish that can be cultivated in the shellfish farming system 1 of this embodiment include herbivorous gastropods belonging to the class Gastropoda of the phylum Mollusca, such as abalone and turban shells, which can generally be cultivated on land in seawater or freshwater. Among these, abalone can be preferably cultivated. When cultivating marine shellfish, seawater or saline water adjusted to seawater composition is used as the rearing water. The following embodiment describes a farming system for abalone using seawater as the rearing water.
（飼育槽）
本実施形態で用いられる飼育槽２は、飼育するアワビをストレスなく安定して飼育することができ、海水（飼育水）の循環、排水ができる陸上養殖設備に適したものである。
(Aquarium)
The rearing tank 2 used in this embodiment is suitable for land-based aquaculture facilities that can stably raise abalone without stress and allow for the circulation and drainage of seawater (rearing water).
飼育槽２には汚水排出機構２１が設けられており、飼育槽２内で発生したアワビの排泄物や飼料等の残渣を含む汚水が排出される。汚水排出機構２１としては、例えば、槽内の所定の高さに設けられた排出口からオーバーフローにより排出する構成や、飼育槽２の底に蓄積された沈殿固形物等を底に設けた排出口から汚水を排出する構成等を採用することができる。 The rearing tank 2 is equipped with a wastewater discharge mechanism 21, which discharges wastewater containing abalone excrement and feed residue generated within the rearing tank 2. The wastewater discharge mechanism 21 can be configured, for example, to discharge wastewater via overflow from an outlet located at a predetermined height within the tank, or to discharge accumulated sediment and solid matter at the bottom of the rearing tank 2 through an outlet at the bottom.
飼育槽２におけるアワビの飼育量は、個体の成長段階や個々の大きさにより設定することができるが、例えば、出荷サイズを殻長８０ｍｍ程度とした場合、飼育槽２の底面積１ｍ２当たり６～１０ｋｇの範囲の飼育量が考慮され、この場合の飼育個数としては１００～１５０個が考慮される。また、アワビへの給餌は飼育槽２にて行われるが、給餌量は、飼育槽２の底面積１ｍ２当たり最大１００ｇ／日を限度として与えることが考慮される。 The number of abalone to be raised in rearing tank 2 can be set according to the growth stage and size of each individual abalone. For example, if the target size for shipment is approximately 80 mm in shell length, a rearing amount of 6 to 10 kg per 1 m² of the bottom area of rearing tank 2 should be considered, and in this case, 100 to 150 abalone should be considered. Feeding of the abalone is also carried out in rearing tank 2, and the amount of feed should be limited to a maximum of 100 g per 1 m² of the bottom area of rearing tank 2 per day.
（飼育水調温槽）
飼育水調温槽３は、飼育槽２に導入する海水を最適な状態に調整するための水槽であり、飼育槽２の海水を循環して導入し、水質や温度を調整して、さらに循環させる槽である。
(Breeding water temperature control tank)
The rearing water temperature control tank 3 is a tank used to adjust the seawater introduced into the rearing tank 2 to an optimal state. It circulates the seawater from the rearing tank 2, adjusts its water quality and temperature, and then circulates it again.
飼育水調温槽３は、外部から新規の海水を取り込む飼育水取り込み機構３１を有しており、新規の海水の水質および温度を調整して飼育槽２に供給する。即ち、飼育水調温槽３は飼育槽２からの循環水と外部からの新規に取り込む海水により半循環システムを構成している。なお、飼育水取り込み機構３１には、所定時間当たりの流入量を監視するための流量計および、流入量を制御するためのバルブが設けられている。 The rearing water temperature control tank 3 has a rearing water intake mechanism 31 that takes in new seawater from the outside, adjusts the quality and temperature of the new seawater, and supplies it to the rearing tank 2. In other words, the rearing water temperature control tank 3 forms a semi-circulating system using the circulating water from the rearing tank 2 and the newly taken-in seawater from the outside. The rearing water intake mechanism 31 is equipped with a flow meter for monitoring the inflow rate per predetermined time and a valve for controlling the inflow rate.
飼育水調温槽３には、飼育槽２からの循環海水および、外部から取り込んだ新規の海水を飼育に最適な海水に調整するために、微細な固形物を分離、除去する泡沫処理装置３２と、海水の温度を調整する温度調整装置３３が設けられている。 The rearing water temperature control tank 3 is equipped with a foam treatment device 32 for separating and removing fine solid matter, and a temperature control device 33 for adjusting the seawater temperature, in order to adjust the circulating seawater from the rearing tank 2 and the new seawater taken in from the outside to the optimal seawater for rearing.
（泡沫処理装置）
泡沫処理装置３２は、外部から取り込んだ新規の海水に含まれる異物や、発生した泡沫を除去処理するために設けられる装置であり、飼育水調温槽３内に泡沫除去処理用の水槽を設けて、この槽内に泡沫処理装置３２を配設することができる。
(Foam treatment device)
The foam treatment device 32 is a device installed to remove foreign matter contained in new seawater taken in from the outside, as well as foam generated. A tank for foam removal treatment can be provided within the rearing water temperature control tank 3, and the foam treatment device 32 can be installed in this tank.
（温度調整装置）
温度調整装置３３は、循環される海水および新規に導入された海水を所定の温度に加温、冷却調整するために設けられるものであり、通常公知の温度調整装置を用いることができる。具体的には、設置の容易性等の観点から投げ込み式の冷暖両用の温度調整チラーが好適に用いられる。また、飼育水調温槽３には、泡沫処理装置３２で除去された異物等を含む汚水を排出するための排出機構３４が設けられている。
(Temperature adjustment device)
The temperature control device 33 is provided to heat and cool the circulating seawater and newly introduced seawater to a predetermined temperature, and a commonly known temperature control device can be used. Specifically, a submersible type of heating and cooling chiller is preferably used from the viewpoint of ease of installation. In addition, the rearing water temperature control tank 3 is provided with a discharge mechanism 34 for discharging wastewater containing foreign matter and other substances removed by the foam treatment device 32.
本実施形態の飼育水調温層３の水量は、飼育槽２の水量を１００とした場合に１５～３０の水量比である。例えば、飼育槽２の水量を１０００Ｌとした場合で、飼育水調温層３は、１５０～３００Ｌの範囲となる。 In this embodiment, the water volume of the rearing water temperature control layer 3 is 15 to 30 times the volume of the rearing tank 2, where the volume of the rearing tank 2 is set to 100. For example, if the volume of water in the rearing tank 2 is 1000 L, the volume of the rearing water temperature control layer 3 will be in the range of 150 to 300 L.
（生物濾過槽）
本実施形態の貝類の養殖システム１では、飼育水調温槽３の後段、即ち、飼育水調温槽３と飼育槽２の間に、内部に生物濾過材４１が導入された生物濾過槽４が設けられている。
(biological filtration tank)
In the shellfish farming system 1 of this embodiment, a biological filtration tank 4, into which a biological filter material 41 has been introduced, is provided downstream of the rearing water temperature control tank 3, that is, between the rearing water temperature control tank 3 and the rearing tank 2.
生物濾過材４１は、アワビの排泄物や残餌により発生した海水中のアンモニア等の窒素化合物を分解するバクテリアを定着させることが可能な濾過材であり、生物濾過材４１に定着したバクテリアの捕食により海水の水質を持続的に改善させることができるものである。また、生物濾過材４１自体にＰＨ調整機能を有していることが好ましい。生物濾過槽４を設けることにより、飼育するアワビの生存率と成長を向上させることが可能となる。 The biological filter material 41 is a filter material capable of housing bacteria that decompose nitrogen compounds such as ammonia generated in seawater from abalone excrement and leftover food. The bacteria colonizing the biological filter material 41 consume these compounds, thereby continuously improving the water quality of the seawater. Furthermore, it is preferable that the biological filter material 41 itself has a pH adjustment function. By providing the biological filter tank 4, it is possible to improve the survival rate and growth of the abalone being cultivated.
前記生物濾過槽４の水量は、海水の通過量や、生物濾過材４１の効率的な有害成分の除去能力等を考慮した場合、飼育槽２の水量を１００とした場合に１５～３０の範囲であり、例えば飼育槽の水量を１０００Ｌとした場合で、生物濾過槽４は、１５０～３００Ｌの範囲である。 The volume of water in the biological filtration tank 4 is in the range of 15 to 30 liters when the volume of water in the rearing tank 2 is set to 100 liters, taking into account the amount of seawater passing through and the efficient removal capacity of harmful components by the biological filter material 41. For example, when the volume of water in the rearing tank is 1000 liters, the volume of water in the biological filtration tank 4 is in the range of 150 to 300 liters.
また、上記水量に対する生物濾過材４１の導入量は、通常、生物濾過槽４の水量の体積の半分程度である。即ち、生物濾過槽４の水量が１５０Ｌの場合、生物濾過材４１の導入量は７５Ｌ前後が考慮される。 Furthermore, the amount of biological filter media 41 introduced relative to the above water volume is typically about half the volume of water in the biological filter tank 4. That is, if the water volume in the biological filter tank 4 is 150 L, then approximately 75 L of biological filter media 41 should be considered.
（循環ポンプ）
本実施形態の貝類の養殖システム１では、飼育槽２と飼育水調温槽３が配管により接続されており、配管には循環ポンプ５および循環水用流量計５１が設けられている。そして、システム内の海水が常に所定の条件で循環されるように循環ポンプ５の動作が制御されている。
(Circulation pump)
In the shellfish farming system 1 of this embodiment, the rearing tank 2 and the rearing water temperature control tank 3 are connected by piping, and a circulation pump 5 and a flow meter 51 for circulating water are provided in the piping. The operation of the circulation pump 5 is controlled so that the seawater in the system is always circulated under predetermined conditions.
本実施形態の貝類の養殖システム１においては、上記基本的な構成のほか、物理濾過装置６が設けられている。物理濾過装置６は、飼育槽２の汚水排出機構２１により取り除ききれなかったアワビの排泄物や残餌等を取り除くためのフィルターからなり、飼育槽２内部や、飼育槽２と飼育水調温槽３の間、また、飼育水調温槽３の内部に設けることができる。また、物理濾過装置６は複数設けることもできる。具体的な物理濾過装置６としては、沈殿槽、ドラムフィルター、サイクロン式スクリーンフィルターを用いることができる。 In the shellfish farming system 1 of this embodiment, in addition to the basic configuration described above, a physical filtration device 6 is provided. The physical filtration device 6 consists of a filter for removing abalone excrement and leftover feed that could not be completely removed by the wastewater discharge mechanism 21 of the rearing tank 2. It can be installed inside the rearing tank 2, between the rearing tank 2 and the rearing water temperature control tank 3, or inside the rearing water temperature control tank 3. Furthermore, multiple physical filtration devices 6 can be provided. Specific examples of physical filtration devices 6 include a sedimentation tank, a drum filter, and a cyclone-type screen filter.
なお、本実施形態の貝類の養殖システム１において、飼育水調温槽３、生物濾過槽４、飼育槽２への海水の循環は、図１に示すように、各々の槽の設置の高低差を利用し、順次オーバーフローにより循環移動させてもよいし、別途ポンプを設けて循環させてもよい。 In this embodiment of the shellfish farming system 1, the circulation of seawater to the rearing water temperature control tank 3, the biological filtration tank 4, and the rearing tank 2 may be done by sequential overflow using the height difference between the tanks, as shown in Figure 1, or by using a separate pump.
上記構成の本実施形態の貝類の養殖システム１によれば、システムの構築コストを低減できるとともに、飼育環境をアワビの成長に適するように調整、維持することが可能となる。 According to the shellfish farming system 1 of this embodiment with the above configuration, the construction cost of the system can be reduced, and the rearing environment can be adjusted and maintained to be suitable for abalone growth.
上記本実施形態の貝類の養殖システム１において、飼育水調温槽３に取り込む新規海水は、通常、新規海水用の水槽を別途用意し、その水槽から揚水して飼育水調温槽３に取り込むが、通常、システムの稼働に伴うエネルギーコストのうち、揚水に掛かるエネルギーコストが大きな割合を占めている。一方で、新規に取り込む海水量を極端に少なく制限すると、循環海水の水質が低下してアワビの生存率を低下させる原因となる。そのため、本発明では、システムの稼働エネルギーコストを極力抑えつつ、飼育アワビに適した良好な水質を維持するために、飼育水調温槽３に導入する新規海水の取り込み量および、システム内の海水の循環量を規定している。 In the shellfish farming system 1 of the above embodiment, fresh seawater is usually introduced into the rearing water temperature control tank 3 by pumping it from a separate tank. However, the energy cost for pumping the seawater typically accounts for a large portion of the system's operating energy costs. On the other hand, severely limiting the amount of fresh seawater introduced leads to a decrease in the quality of the circulating seawater, reducing the survival rate of abalone. Therefore, in this invention, the amount of fresh seawater introduced into the rearing water temperature control tank 3 and the amount of seawater circulated within the system are specified in order to maintain good water quality suitable for farmed abalone while minimizing the system's operating energy costs.
本実施形態における新規に追加する海水量は、飼育槽２、飼育水調温層３および生物濾過槽４の各水量の合計水量に対して、１時間当たり１０～３０％の範囲とする。例えば、飼育槽２の水量が１０００Ｌ、飼育水調温層３の水量が１５０Ｌ、生物濾過槽４の水量が１５０Ｌのシステムの場合、合計水量が１３００Ｌとなるので、新規海水の取り込み量は１時間当たり１３０～３９０Ｌである。 In this embodiment, the amount of newly added seawater is set to 10-30% per hour of the total volume of water in the rearing tank 2, the rearing water temperature control layer 3, and the biological filtration tank 4. For example, in a system where the volume of water in the rearing tank 2 is 1000 L, the volume of water in the rearing water temperature control layer 3 is 150 L, and the volume of water in the biological filtration tank 4 is 150 L, the total volume of water is 1300 L, so the amount of new seawater taken in per hour is 130-390 L.
なお、飼育槽２の汚水排出機構２１および飼育水調温層３の排水機構３４により、新規に取り込んだ海水とほぼ同量の汚水が排出され、循環する海水量はほぼ一定に保たれる。 Furthermore, the wastewater discharge mechanism 21 of the rearing tank 2 and the drainage mechanism 34 of the rearing water temperature control tank 3 discharge approximately the same amount of wastewater as the newly introduced seawater, thus maintaining a nearly constant volume of circulating seawater.
また、本実施形態の貝類の養殖システム１に循環させる海水は、飼育槽２、飼育水調温層３および生物濾過槽４の合計水量に対して、１時間当たり２～３倍である。例えば、飼育槽２、飼育水調温層３および生物濾過槽４の合計水量が１３００Ｌの場合には、１時間当たりの循環水量は２６００～３９００Ｌである。 Furthermore, the amount of seawater circulated in the shellfish farming system 1 of this embodiment is 2 to 3 times the total volume of water in the rearing tank 2, the rearing water temperature control layer 3, and the biological filtration tank 4 per hour. For example, if the total volume of water in the rearing tank 2, the rearing water temperature control layer 3, and the biological filtration tank 4 is 1300 L, the circulating water volume per hour is 2600 to 3900 L.
さらに、飼育水調温槽３の温度調整装置３３により、循環海水の温度を１５～２５℃に調整するのが好ましい。また、外気温と循環水の水温との関係から、夏季（６月～９月）は２５℃以下、冬季（１２月～３月）は１５℃以上になるように調整するのが好ましい。 Furthermore, it is preferable to adjust the temperature of the circulating seawater to 15-25°C using the temperature control device 33 in the rearing water temperature control tank 3. Also, considering the relationship between the ambient temperature and the circulating water temperature, it is preferable to adjust the temperature to 25°C or lower during the summer (June-September) and 15°C or higher during the winter (December-March).
新規海水の取り込み量および、システム内の海水の循環量を上記条件とすることにより、循環海水は生物濾過槽４において適切に処理され、飼育するアワビが収容されている飼育槽２に最適な条件の海水を供給することができる。また、システムの稼働に伴うエネルギーコストを低減することができる。 By setting the amount of new seawater taken in and the amount of seawater circulated within the system to the above conditions, the circulating seawater is properly treated in the biological filtration tank 4, supplying seawater with optimal conditions to the rearing tank 2 containing the abalone. Furthermore, the energy costs associated with the system's operation can be reduced.
以上、本発明の貝類の養殖システム１を実施形態に基づいて説明したが、本発明の貝類の養殖システムは上記の実施形態に限定されるものではなく、その要旨を逸脱しない範囲内において種々の変更が可能である。 The shellfish farming system 1 of the present invention has been described above based on embodiments. However, the shellfish farming system of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications are possible without departing from the spirit of the invention.
例えば、上記実施形態では、飼育水として海水を用いたアワビの養殖システムとして説明したが、例えば、海水を用いた他の海洋性の藻食性貝類の養殖、あるいは、飼育水として淡水を用いた藻食性貝類の養殖にも適用が可能である。 For example, although the above embodiment was described as an abalone farming system using seawater as rearing water, it can also be applied to the farming of other marine herbivorous shellfish using seawater, or to the farming of herbivorous shellfish using freshwater as rearing water.
また、本発明の貝類の養殖方法は、上記本発明の貝類の養殖システム１を用いる養殖方法であり、具体的には、飼育水および飼育する貝類を収容する飼育槽２、飼育槽２に飼育水を供給する飼育水調温槽３、および、生物濾過槽４を含み、飼育槽２、飼育水調温槽３および生物濾過槽４に順次飼育水を循環させるとともに、外部から新規飼育水を取り込む貝類の養殖システムを用いる養殖方法である。 Furthermore, the shellfish cultivation method of the present invention is a cultivation method using the shellfish cultivation system 1 of the present invention described above. Specifically, it is a cultivation method using a shellfish cultivation system that includes a rearing tank 2 for housing rearing water and shellfish to be cultivated, a rearing water temperature control tank 3 for supplying rearing water to the rearing tank 2, and a biological filtration tank 4, and sequentially circulates rearing water to the rearing tank 2, the rearing water temperature control tank 3, and the biological filtration tank 4, while also taking in new rearing water from an external source.
そして、飼育水調温槽３および生物濾過槽４の水量を、飼育槽２の水量を１００とした場合に１５～３０の水量比に調整する。また、飼育槽２で汚水を排出し、飼育水調温槽３で外部から新規飼育水を取り込む。 Then, the water volumes of the rearing water temperature control tank 3 and the biological filtration tank 4 are adjusted to a ratio of 15 to 30, where the water volume of rearing tank 2 is set to 100. Furthermore, wastewater is discharged from rearing tank 2, and new rearing water is drawn in from an external source into the rearing water temperature control tank 3.
また、飼育水調温槽３により、飼育槽２、飼育水調温槽３、生物濾過槽４の各水量の合計水量に対して、１時間当たり１０～３０％の新規飼育水を取り込むとともに、１時間当たり合計水量の２～３倍の飼育水を循環させる。 Furthermore, the breeding water temperature control tank 3 takes in 10-30% of the total water volume of the breeding tank 2, breeding water temperature control tank 3, and biological filtration tank 4 per hour, and circulates 2-3 times the total water volume per hour.
上記本発明の貝類の養殖方法によれば、飼育する貝類を効率よく確実に成長させることができ、所望の貝類を安定して市場に供給することが可能となる。 According to the shellfish cultivation method of the present invention described above, it is possible to efficiently and reliably grow the shellfish being cultivated, and to stably supply the desired shellfish to the market.
以下、本発明の貝類の養殖システムを実施例により詳細に説明する。ただし、本発明は以下の実施例に限定されるものではない。 The shellfish farming system of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
図１に示す構成の貝類の養殖システムについて、各槽および装置として以下のものを用いて、図２、図３に示す実際の中規模試験水槽の貝類の養殖システムを構築した。 Based on the shellfish farming system shown in Figure 1, the following tanks and equipment were used to construct the actual medium-scale test tank shellfish farming system shown in Figures 2 and 3.
飼育槽（１ｔ角型水槽：内寸：幅／１８００、奥行／９００、高さ／７１０（ｍｍ） 容積：１１５０Ｌ、水量：５７０Ｌ（水深３５０ｍｍ））
収容時：アワビ（殻長３５ｍｍ、５００匹）
Breeding tank (1-ton rectangular tank: internal dimensions: width/1800, depth/900, height/710 (mm), volume: 1150 L, water volume: 570 L (water depth 350 mm))
At the time of storage: Abalone (shell length 35 mm, 500 individuals)
飼育水調温槽（内寸：幅／６３０、奥行／４３０、高さ／３７０（ｍｍ） 容積：１００Ｌ、水量：９５Ｌ（水深３５０ｍｍ）、泡沫処理装置および温度調整装置を設置）
泡沫処理装置（内部式泡沫分離装置：H＆S HS－850 プロテインスキマー）
温度調整装置（温度調整チラー：レイシー製 FZ－601HPN 投込み式クーラー（冷暖両用））
Aquarium water temperature control tank (internal dimensions: width/630, depth/430, height/370 (mm), volume: 100L, water volume: 95L (water depth 350mm), equipped with foam treatment device and temperature control device)
Foam treatment device (internal foam separation device: H&S HS-850 protein skimmer)
Temperature control device (Temperature control chiller: Lacy FZ-601HPN immersion cooler (cooling and heating))
生物濾過槽（内寸：幅／７４０、奥行／４５０、高さ／４５０（ｍｍ） 容積：１５０Ｌ、水量：１３５Ｌ（水深４０５ｍｍ））
生物濾過材（太平洋セメント製 パワーハウス ベーシック・ハードタイプＬ）７０Ｌ使用
Biological filtration tank (Internal dimensions: Width/740, Depth/450, Height/450 (mm) Volume: 150L, Water volume: 135L (Water depth 405mm))
Biological filter media (Powerhouse Basic Hard Type L, manufactured by Taiheiyo Cement) 70L used.
循環ポンプ（水槽全体循環）：（レイシー製 RMD－551 マグネットポンプ 循環流量：最大４０Ｌ／分（試験時 ３０～３５Ｌ／分）循環流量が分かるように流量計を設置
物理濾過装置（サンホープ製 AKY38840 サイクロン式スクリーンフィルター）
Circulation pump (circulation throughout the tank): (Reisy RMD-551 magnetic pump; circulation flow rate: maximum 40 L/min (30-35 L/min during testing); a flow meter was installed to monitor the circulation flow rate.) Physical filtration system (Sunhope AKY38840 cyclone-type screen filter)
＜実施例＞
上記貝類の養殖システム１について、新規に追加する海水量を、飼育槽２、飼育水調温槽３および生物濾過槽４の合計水量（８００Ｌ）に対して、１時間当たり１０％の８０Ｌとなるように調整して供給した。なお、追加した海水とほぼ同量の循環海水は、飼育槽２からのオーバーフロー、飼育水調温槽３からの排出機構３４により排出した。また、システム内の循環海水量を、飼育槽２、飼育水調温槽３および生物濾過槽の合計水量（８００Ｌ）に対して、１時間当たり２．５倍の２０００Ｌとなるように循環ポンプ５の稼働量を調節して循環させた。
<Examples>
In the shellfish farming system 1 described above, the amount of newly added seawater was adjusted to supply 80 liters per hour, which is 10% of the total water volume (800 L) of the rearing tank 2, the rearing water temperature control tank 3, and the biological filtration tank 4. Approximately the same amount of circulating seawater as the added seawater was discharged through the overflow from the rearing tank 2 and the discharge mechanism 34 from the rearing water temperature control tank 3. Furthermore, the operating rate of the circulation pump 5 was adjusted to circulate the circulating seawater within the system to 2000 liters per hour, which is 2.5 times the total water volume (800 L) of the rearing tank 2, the rearing water temperature control tank 3, and the biological filtration tank.
＜比較例＞
比較例として、上記実施例の貝類の養殖システム１において、循環ポンプ５の稼働を停止して海水を循環させない状態とし、新規海水を１時間当たり７００Ｌの条件で供給し続けて、かけ流しの状態とした。
<Comparative Example>
As a comparative example, in the shellfish farming system 1 of the above embodiment, the operation of the circulation pump 5 was stopped to prevent the circulation of seawater, and new seawater was continuously supplied at a rate of 700 L per hour to create a continuous flow system.
上記実施例および比較例の条件でアワビを飼育し、１２月中旬～翌年３月中旬の期間、３０日毎にアワビの状態を観察するとともに、７月下旬～翌年３月中旬の期間におけるシステム全体のエネルギー消費量を確認した。実施例および比較例における詳細稼働条件およびその結果を以下に示す。 Abalone were reared under the conditions of the above-described examples and comparative examples. The condition of the abalone was observed every 30 days from mid-December to mid-March of the following year, and the total energy consumption of the system was confirmed from late July to mid-March of the following year. The detailed operating conditions and results for the examples and comparative examples are shown below.
＜実施例（半循環）のエネルギー消費＞（測定結果からの計算値）
夏季(６月～９月)は冷却装置を使用、冬季(１２月～３月)は加温装置を使用した（前提条件２２円／ｋｗｈ）。
（１）冷却装置（原水温－３℃冷却）を夏季に４か月間使用し、１日当たりの稼働率５０％
１時間の使用電力量/電気料金＝0.5kwh/11.00円、４か月＝1,440kwh/31,680円
（２）加温装置（原水温＋３℃加温）を冬季に４か月間使用し、１日当たりの稼働率４０％
１時間の使用電力量/電気料金＝0.4kwh/8.80円、４か月＝1,152kwh/25,344円
（３）泡沫分離装置（常時稼働）
１時間の使用電力量/電気料金＝0.04kwh/0.88円、１年間＝350kwh/7,700円
（４）生物ろ過槽(出口)から生物ろ過槽(入口)の生物ろ過槽内での循環ポンプ(約15L/分 常時稼働)
１時間の使用電力量/電気料金＝0.04kwh/0.88円、１年間＝350kwh/7,700円
（５）飼育水槽から泡沫分離水槽の循環ポンプ(約40L/分 常時稼働)
１時間の使用電力量/電気料金＝0.15kwh/3.30円、１年間＝1,300kwh/28,600円
全使用電力量：(1)＋(2)＋(3)＋(4)＋(5)＝年間 4,592kwh
全使用電気料金：(1)＋(2)＋(3)＋(4)＋(5)＝年間 約100,000円
<Energy consumption in the example (semi-circulation)> (calculated value from measurement results)
Cooling equipment was used during the summer months (June to September), and heating equipment was used during the winter months (December to March) (assuming a cost of 22 yen/kWh).
(1) Use the cooling system (cooling raw water temperature to -3°C) for four months during the summer, with a daily operating rate of 50%.
(2) Using a heating device (raw water temperature + 3°C heating) for 4 months during the winter, with a daily operating rate of 40%.
Electricity usage per hour / electricity cost = 0.4 kWh / 8.80 yen, 4 months = 1,152 kWh / 25,344 yen (3) Foam separation device (continuous operation)
Electricity usage per hour / electricity cost = 0.04 kWh / 0.88 yen, annually = 350 kWh / 7,700 yen (4) Circulation pump within the biological filter tank from the biological filter tank (outlet) to the biological filter tank (inlet) (approximately 15 L/min, constantly running)
Electricity usage per hour / electricity cost = 0.04 kWh / 0.88 yen, annually = 350 kWh / 7,700 yen (5) Circulation pump from the breeding tank to the foam separation tank (approximately 40 L/min, constantly running)
Hourly electricity usage / electricity cost = 0.15 kWh / 3.30 yen, annually = 1,300 kWh / 28,600 yen. Total electricity usage: (1) + (2) + (3) + (4) + (5) = 4,592 kWh per year.
Total electricity costs: (1) + (2) + (3) + (4) + (5) = approximately 100,000 yen per year
＜比較例（かけ流し）のエネルギー消費＞（実績からの計算値）
（１）冷却装置（原水温－３℃冷却）を夏季に４か月間使用し、１日当たりの稼働率７０％
１時間の使用電力量/電気料金＝7kwh/1,540円、４か月＝20,160kwh/443,520円
（２）加温装置（原水温＋３℃加温）を冬季に４か月間使用し、１日当たりの稼働率５０％
１時間の使用電力量/電気料金＝3.5kwh/770円、４か月＝10,080kwh/221,760円
全使用電力量：(1)＋(2)＝年間 30,240kwh
全使用電気料金：(1)＋(2)＝年間 約660,000円
<Energy consumption of a comparative example (continuous flow)> (Calculated value from actual results)
(1) The cooling system (cooling raw water to -3°C) is used for four months during the summer, with a daily operating rate of 70%.
(2) Electricity usage per hour / electricity cost = 7 kWh / 1,540 yen, 4 months = 20,160 kWh / 443,520 yen (2) Heating device (raw water temperature + 3°C heating) used for 4 months in winter, with a daily operating rate of 50%
Electricity usage per hour / electricity cost = 3.5 kWh / 770 yen, 4 months = 10,080 kWh / 221,760 yen. Total electricity usage: (1) + (2) = 30,240 kWh per year.
Total electricity costs: (1) + (2) = approximately 660,000 yen per year
上記の結果から、システム全体のエネルギー消費量（使用電力）については、比較例の条件では、実施例の約６．６倍消費することが確認された。一方、１２月中旬～翌年３月中旬のアワビの生育状態は実施例、比較例共に非常に良好であることが確認された。 From the results above, it was confirmed that the total energy consumption (electricity used) of the system was approximately 6.6 times higher under the conditions of the comparative example than under the example. On the other hand, the growth condition of the abalone from mid-December to mid-March of the following year was confirmed to be very good in both the example and the comparative example.
これらのことから、本発明の貝類の養殖システムによれば、飼育条件を成長に最適となるように調整、維持することができるとともに、システム全体のランニングコストを大幅に低減することができ、生産の高効率化、省エネルギー化を図ることが可能となることが確認された。 These findings confirm that the shellfish farming system of the present invention allows for the adjustment and maintenance of optimal rearing conditions for growth, significantly reduces the overall running costs of the system, and enables increased production efficiency and energy conservation.
１ 貝類の養殖システム
２ 飼育槽
２１ 汚水排出機構
３ 飼育水調温槽
３１ 飼育水取り込み機構
３２ 泡沫処理装置
３３ 温度調整装置
３４ 排出機構
４ 生物濾過槽
４１ 生物濾過材
５ 循環ポンプ
５１循環水用流量計
６ 物理濾過装置
1. Shellfish farming system 2. Rearing tank 21. Wastewater discharge mechanism 3. Rearing water temperature control tank 31. Rearing water intake mechanism 32. Foam treatment device 33. Temperature control device 34. Discharge mechanism 4. Biological filtration tank 41. Biological filter material 5. Circulation pump 51. Flow meter for circulating water 6. Physical filtration device
Claims (5)
前記飼育槽に前記飼育水を供給する飼育水調温槽、および、
生物濾過槽を含み、
前記飼育槽、飼育水調温槽および生物濾過槽に順次前記飼育水を循環させるとともに、外部から新規飼育水を取り込む貝類の養殖システムであって、
前記飼育水調温槽および前記生物濾過槽の水量が、前記飼育槽の水量を１００とした場合に１５～３０の水量比であり、
前記飼育槽は、汚水を排出する汚水排出機構を有し、
前記飼育水調温槽は、外部から新規飼育水を取り込む飼育水取り込み機構を有し、
前記飼育水調温槽の飼育水取り込み機構により、前記飼育槽、飼育水調温槽および生物濾過槽の各水量の合計水量に対して、１時間当たり１０～３０％の新規飼育水を取り込むとともに、
１時間当たり前記合計水量の２～３倍の飼育水を循環させることを特徴とする貝類の養殖システム。 Rearing water and rearing tanks for housing the shellfish to be reared,
A breeding water temperature control tank for supplying the breeding water to the breeding tank, and
Including a biological filtration tank,
A shellfish farming system that sequentially circulates the rearing water through the rearing tank, the rearing water temperature control tank, and the biological filtration tank, and also takes in new rearing water from the outside,
The water volume of the breeding water temperature control tank and the biological filtration tank is such that the water volume ratio is 15 to 30 when the water volume of the breeding tank is set to 100.
The aforementioned rearing tank has a wastewater discharge mechanism for discharging wastewater,
The aforementioned breeding water temperature control tank has a breeding water intake mechanism that takes in new breeding water from the outside,
The rearing water intake mechanism of the aforementioned rearing water temperature control tank takes in 10-30% of the total volume of water in the rearing tank, rearing water temperature control tank, and biological filtration tank per hour,
A shellfish farming system characterized by circulating two to three times the total volume of water per hour.
前記飼育槽に前記飼育水を供給する飼育水調温槽、および、
生物濾過槽を含み、
前記飼育槽、飼育水調温槽および生物濾過槽に順次前記飼育水を循環させるとともに、外部から新規飼育水を取り込む貝類の養殖システムを用いた養殖方法であって、
前記飼育水調温槽および前記生物濾過槽の水量が、前記飼育槽の水量を１００とした場合に１５～３０の水量比であり、
前記飼育槽で、汚水を排出し、
前記飼育水調温槽で、前記飼育槽、飼育水調温槽および生物濾過槽の各水量の合計水量に対して、１時間当たり１０～３０％の新規飼育水を取り込むとともに、
１時間当たり前記合計水量の２～３倍の飼育水を循環させることを特徴とする貝類の養殖方法。
Rearing water and rearing tanks to house the shellfish to be reared,
A breeding water temperature control tank for supplying the breeding water to the breeding tank, and
Including a biological filtration tank,
A method of cultivating shellfish using a shellfish cultivation system that sequentially circulates the cultivation water through the aforementioned cultivation tank, cultivation water temperature control tank, and biological filtration tank, while also taking in new cultivation water from an external source,
The water volumes of the breeding water temperature control tank and the biological filtration tank are in a ratio of 15 to 30 when the water volume of the breeding tank is set to 100.
In the aforementioned breeding tank, wastewater is discharged,
In the aforementioned rearing water temperature control tank, 10-30% of the total volume of water in the rearing tank, the rearing water temperature control tank, and the biological filtration tank is replaced with new rearing water per hour.
A method for cultivating shellfish, characterized by circulating two to three times the total volume of water per hour.
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