JPS5810042B2 - Plant cultivation method - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for cultivating plants, and more particularly to a method for cultivating plants that promotes healthy growth.

In Japan, greenhouse horticulture is extremely popular, and a large number of so-called agricultural greenhouses, which are gardening facilities that use films or sheets made of thermoplastic synthetic resins such as polyvinyl chloride or polyethylene, as covers, are being constructed outside glass greenhouses. A variety of fruits and vegetables and flowers are cultivated.

However, many gardening facilities are used to protect and keep plants warm during the winter and low-temperature periods, so the plants grown in the facilities do not receive enough light for growth, resulting in insufficient light. Weak and prone to becoming elongated.

As one solution to this problem, for example, solar lights (mercury lamps for growing plants) and incandescent lights have been used together for supplementary light, but it cannot be said that they are necessarily effective. That is the reality.

This is done based on the idea that a certain amount of illuminance (amount of light) is sufficient for plant growth, but recently the relationship between plant growth and light has been studied. It has become well known that the influence of each wavelength of sunlight or artificial light on plants is increasing, and it has become clear that mere illuminance alone is insufficient for plant growth.

For example, short-wavelength (ultraviolet) light is necessary for plant growth, and conventional artificial light sources used for supplementary lighting have traditionally been solar lamps that emit a relatively large amount of ultraviolet light. However, as a result of the research, it turns out that this ultraviolet rays are surprisingly not necessary for plant production, and in some cases, it suppresses growth (
Mihara paper; December 25, 1971, published by Seibundo Shinkosha, "Climate management of greenhouse horticulture", pages 19 to 20 and pages 62 to 68).

Based on this knowledge, in order to remove ultraviolet rays from sunlight, coating materials containing ultraviolet absorbers (% Publication No. 48-37459) and fluorescent whitening agents (Special Publication No. 48-37459) were introduced. No. 49-16301) etc. have become known, but no suitable means have been found in the case of artificial light sources.

In view of the above-mentioned current situation, the inventors of the present invention have conducted extensive research into the effective use of sunlight and artificial light, especially short-wavelength light (ultraviolet rays) as actinic radiation. The present invention was completed after discovering that it was surprisingly effective for growing plants. The plant cultivation method used includes (1) selenium or selenium on part or all of the surface of a reflector whose surface is made of aluminum, iron, zinc, tin, etc. Using a reflector (2) Using a tube made of selenium or selenide on a part or the entire surface of the tube of the artificial light source as a filter for artificial light (3) Synthetic resin film, sheet or panel board 1
Using a film, sheet or panel-like plate provided with selenium or selenide on the entire surface or part thereof as a light reflector and/or barrier (4) Mixing a synthetic resin material and selenium or selenide and molding the mixture. film,
Plants are cultivated using sheets or panels as light reflectors and/or beams.

The present invention will be explained in more detail to make it easier to understand.

Selenium that can be used in the present invention may be any of metallic selenium, crystalline selenium, and amorphous selenium, and includes selenium existing in the form of selenium and many nonmetallic and metallic selenides.

To carry out the present invention preferably, the above-mentioned selenium or selenide (hereinafter simply referred to as Se) is used as a light reflector or/
In addition to selecting whether the light source is the sun or an artificial light source, using it as a reflector or a filter, there are various types depending on the type of selenium substrate (i.e. selenium support). It is used in the following manner.

For example, in the case of an artificial light source or a fluorescent lamp for immediate irradiation of plants, Se may be provided on the surface of the lamp body and the inner surface of the reflector (shade).

If the surface material of the reflector is a material that easily binds to Se, such as aluminum, iron, zinc, or tin, it can be used as is, but if it is a material that does not easily bind to Se, for example, aluminum It is sufficient to apply the paint and perform preliminary treatment, and then apply Se.

In addition, if preliminary treatment is difficult, an appropriate method can be used, such as applying aluminum film with adhesive, applying an aluminum film with Se separately provided, or applying a mixed paint of aluminum powder and Se powder. You can go.

Se can be applied by an appropriate method such as coating or vapor deposition, and then a transparent synthetic resin paint or the like can be applied to protect the surface.

In the case of a straight tube type fluorescent lamp, most of the ultraviolet rays are generated from both ends of the straight tube, so the reflective plate may be provided only at both ends, but it is clear that it is preferable to provide Se on the entire surface.

Providing Se on the main body of a straight tube fluorescent lamp When used for weekly holidays, as mentioned above, since ultraviolet rays are particularly generated from both ends, it is effective to provide Se only on both ends, but it is preferable to provide Se on the entire surface.

Se can be installed using any suitable method similar to that used for reflectors, but one example is to mix aluminum powder and Se powder into a synthetic resin paint and apply or spray it onto the tube body to create an infrared lamp. It may be heated and baked using an appropriate heating device.

In the case of a synthetic resin film, sheet, or panel-shaped plate, aluminum or zinc powder, etc., and Se powder are mixed with a synthetic resin material such as polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, or polyvinyl acetate, and the mixture is molded by a conventional method. It can be produced by processing it into a film, sheet, or panel-like plate, or by mixing aluminum or zinc powder or the like with a synthetic resin material, forming a film, and then vapor-depositing Se.

The present invention uses the above-mentioned Se reflector or stream as a reflector or stream of sunlight or artificial light, and cultivates plants by irradiating the plant with reflected or stream light. In this case, it should be understood that the Se reflector or reflector may be used alone or in combination.

At present, it is not possible to explain theoretically why the light that reflects or transmits Se in the present invention is effective for growing plants and promotes their production, but it is possible to explain the reason as follows. There are possible reasons.

In other words, light in the low wavelength range (ultraviolet rays) in sunlight or light from plant growth lamps is a high-level energy ray that is highly active (called actinic rays) and is rather harmful to plants. As mentioned above, when Se is used to reflect or filter light, it absorbs and removes ultraviolet rays that are considered harmful to plants, so this alone has a positive effect on plant growth, but Se It is thought that this is because they not only simply absorb ultraviolet rays, but also re-emit the absorbed high-level energy as activated light rays that are highly effective for plant production.

Se is known as a semiconductor material, has an energy gap that absorbs light, and is known to be used in photovoltaic cells, photometers, rectifiers, etc. by utilizing its photoconductivity. The use of light as a reflector or a source of light, and the conversion of reflected or emitted light into light that is extremely useful for plant growth, was completely unexpected from conventional knowledge, and this book This was discovered for the first time by the inventors, and in fact, when plants are exposed to light that reflects or passes through Se, active growth of the growing points is observed, leading to division of plate edge cells, proliferation of plants, and formation of flower buds. It has been phenomenologically confirmed that this process is carried out without interruption, and it has been recognized that the method of the present invention is extremely effective for plants, and the present invention has great utility in terms of plant cultivation.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained based on examples.

Reference Example 1 In order to use a commercially available fluorescent lamp for growing plants (straight tube type, 40W, manufactured by Mitsubishi Electric ■) as a light source, a thin aluminum film (approx. 15Cr x 15cr) to form a reflector, and then cover the opening of the reflective shade with a polyvinyl chloride film obtained by mixing aluminum powder and amorphous selenium powder to form a film. artificial light source (hereinafter referred to as Se
(written as light) tsu (tsuta).

Example 1 Raising virus-free clones (sterile young seedlings) of grapes:
Conventionally, branches (growth points) of common bacteria are cut off and exposed to high light (300
The seedlings had to be grown for 120 days at 38° C. under 0.00 lux), but the seedlings were grown under low illuminance using the Se lamp described in Reference Example 1 above.

In other words, the conventional seedling raising facility can be used as is, and Se
When seedlings were raised according to the conventional method under the low illuminance of 9 lights (40W x 9 lights - 360W), the seedlings could be raised with a survival rate of about 90% and growth was good.

While the conventional method has a survival rate of 20-30% under high illuminance (30,000 lux), the low-light seedling raising using the Se lamp of the present invention achieves an extremely high survival rate of 90%. This method was demonstrated to be more effective than conventional methods.

In addition, the method of the present invention uses a low illumination of 40W x 9 lights - 360W, which is unimaginable with the conventional method, so it consumes only a small amount of power, resulting in energy savings, and it is also effective in preventing heat generation (cooling) and regulating temperature under high illuminance. There was almost no need for cultivation, and cultivation management was extremely easy.

Example 2 In order to find out the possibility of clay growth at low temperatures, a low-temperature seedling-raising test was conducted on Ento, which has an optimal growth temperature of 10 to 20°C and does not grow at low temperatures (5°C) or lower.

Entium seedlings (using polyethylene seedling pots) germinated in a heat storage (20C) were placed in a small low-temperature seedling storage (4℃), and the seedlings were grown for 15 days under the conditions of 1 40W Se light/20 pots as supplementary light. Roots were generated and growth progressed, and it was found that Japanese pea plants grow at low temperatures under Se lighting.

Example 3 Ichibi has a characteristic that it dislikes repeated cultivation, so much so that it is said to be cultivated once a year.In particular, if the parent plant after runners (seedlings) have appeared, if used continuously for several years, the yield will decrease and the shape of the fruit will deteriorate. Due to the miniaturization and Japaneseization of
Since the parent plant has not been used for many years and has been discarded, this discarded parent plant was cultivated without heating under the supplementary light of Se lights (40W x 2 plants/9.9m), and the temperature was below 0℃ in winter. Despite frequent encounters with
As the temperature rose, the plants showed smooth growth, and better results were obtained in terms of flower bud formation and harvest than with conventional methods.

In addition, a phenomenon that is particularly noteworthy when cultivating Ichibi under the supplementary light of Se lamps is that in the conventional method, it takes several days for the first and second inflorescences to form; There is a tendency to set flowers, and the next harvest will take about 10 days to harvest fruit at the earliest, but according to the cultivation method of the present invention using Se lights, two Bankabusa is
The third inflorescence was formed before the completion of the second inflorescence, and there was no so-called discontinuation phenomenon, and it was possible to harvest continuously without any gaps, which is a noteworthy effect in strawberry cultivation. Conceivable.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A method for cultivating plants, which comprises using selenium or selenide as a light reflector and/or a filter for growing and cultivating plants. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the reflector is formed by providing selenium or a selenide on a part or the entire surface of a reflector plate whose surface is made of aluminum, iron, zinc, tin, etc. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein a tube in which selenium or selenide is provided on a part or the entire surface of the tube of the artificial light source is used as an artificial light filter. 4 Claims in which a synthetic resin film, sheet, or panel-like plate in which selenium or selenium is provided on a part or the entire surface of the film, sheet, or panel-like plate is used as a light reflector and/or a filter. The method described in paragraph 1. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein a film, sheet, or panel-like plate formed by mixing and molding a synthetic resin material and selenium or selenide is used as a light reflector and/or a filter.