JPS5810650B2 - humidifier - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In recent years, so-called FF hot-air heaters, which use gas or petroleum as a heat source and force the intake and exhaust of the heat outdoors, have become popular as household indoor heaters.

The combustion exhaust gas does not pollute the room, and the heating starts up smoothly, providing a desirable feeling of heating, but on the other hand, as the temperature inside the room increases,
It has been pointed out that the relative humidity begins to drop, which not only has a negative impact on pianos and other furnishings, but also causes an extremely unpleasant feeling of dryness to the occupants.

In addition, unlike open stoves, the combustion exhaust gas does not cause pollution such as carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), and there is no problem of oxygen deficiency. However, in many cases, people take comfort in this fact and leave their rooms in a closed state, resulting in the problem of significant indoor air pollution caused by other sources of indoor air pollution.

Among the common indoor sources, the most problematic one is smoking.

This brings a unique odor, dust pollution, and higher-than-expected levels of pollution from carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides into the room.

The effect of this indoor pollution is added to the rise in indoor temperature, resulting in an unpleasant air environment.

In addition, if 5 cigarettes are smoked in an hour in a normal room of 6 tatami mats, the concentration of harmful gases in the room will be 1 carbon monoxide.
It was actually measured that the contamination level was 5 ppm.

The present invention solves all at once the problem of humidity control, which is the most problematic problem in the indoor living environment that occurs when hot air heating such as FF hot air heaters is used, and the problem of deterioration of the air environment. We provide a humidifier to solve this problem.

There are various types of humidifiers that can be used to solve problems caused by dry air.In addition, humidifiers that aim to purify indoor air are designed to remove nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide. There are no utensils at all.

Conventionally, in order to purify nitrogen dioxide, activated carbon has been widely used to adsorb and remove it, but in this case, the activated carbon's NO2 adsorption capacity is small, especially in the coexistence of moisture, and its lifespan quickly ends. There have been many problems, such as the fact that NO2 is reduced and NO (nitric oxide) is generated during the adsorption operation of NO2.

On the other hand, it is common to purify carbon oxide by using a catalyst to oxidize it in the air and treat it as carbon dioxide, but conventional catalysts deteriorate quickly in the coexistence of water vapor, and requires a temperature of about 80℃, (
(A heat source is also required at the same time.) There was no catalyst that could achieve this at room temperature.

FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the humidifier of the present invention.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram, showing only its main parts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application to an ultrasonic humidifier.

In FIG. 1, 1 is the main body of the device, 2 is a water tank for replenishing water to the humidifier, and water is supplied through a water supply pipe 3.

4 is an ultrasonic humidifier, 5 is an ultrasonic vibrator, and 6 is a fan for generating forced airflow.

In FIG. 1, the motor is omitted.

7 is a catalyst filter for CO purification, 8 is a filter for N02 removal, and 9 is a dust collector.

10 is an air inlet, and 11 is an outlet for air containing moisture.

When the main body is activated and the switch is turned on, the fan 6 rotates and ultrasonic vibrations begin at the same time.

Then, by the rotation of the fan 6, arrows a, b, c, d,
An air flow is generated to e.

Air blown from the inlet 10 passes through a dust collector 9 to remove dust, then passes through a NO2 removal filter 8 to remove NO2 and SO2, and then passes through a CO purification catalyst filter 7 to remove CO. Purified (converted to CO2),
Furthermore, it is supplied indoors as humidified air.

FIG. 2 shows a second actual case of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the application to a pan-type humidifier, showing only the main parts.

In Fig. 2, 12 is the main body of the device, 13 is a pan-shaped humidifying tank,
14 is a heating element heater for evaporation.

The fan 15 is a fan for blowing air to the air purifier.

16 is a dust removal device, 17 is a NO2 removal filter, 18
is a CO purification catalyst filter.

20 and 21 are air suction ports for blowing air to the air purifying device, respectively.

By considering the configuration of the suction ports 20 and 21, arrow a
, b, c and the air flows indicated by arrows a', b', c can be arbitrarily changed.

Note that the humidifier action in FIG. 2 is the same as that in FIG. 1.

The present inventors have already filed an application after discovering that a composition containing powdered activated carbon, an alkali, and a cement agent as main components has excellent performance in removing environmental concentrations of NOx, especially NO2, at room temperature.

FIG. 3 shows the composition (i.e., 2 parts powdered activated carbon).

A composition obtained by kneading and molding a mixture of 3 parts of potassium carbonate, 3 parts of calcium hydroxide, and 2 parts of calcium sulfate (however,
The blending ratio is a weight ratio.

) shows the characteristics of NO2 removal performance.

The measurement conditions were an inlet concentration of 1.0 to 1.2 ppm, a temperature of 30° C., and a relative humidity of 52%.

This shows how the NO2 removal rate changes depending on the space velocity of a granulated product obtained by extruding and granulating the above composition to a diameter of 3 mm.

These series of compositions react with NO2 as described below to absorb and remove NO2.

In addition, this composition simultaneously serves as an alkali and acidic gas (SO
2...etc) and are removed.

The reaction described above removes NO2 at a high environmental concentration with a high removal rate, and since the reaction is an absorption reaction, it has a long life and is unprecedented in that it does not reduce NO2 to NO. be.

Regarding the above composition, alkali is the main component of the absorption reaction, but in order to optimize the reaction rate, removal life, etc., carbonates of alkali metals or hydroxides of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals are preferable. .

Furthermore, powdered activated carbon is blended as a catalyst to allow the above-mentioned absorption reaction to proceed at a high reaction rate.

As a cement agent, it is added as an aggregate to form a porous hardened body, but due to stability and fine dispersibility of the composition, calcium sulfate (baked stone), lime aluminate ( Alumina cement) etc. are desirable.

The blending ratio of activated carbon as a catalyst is more effective than 2.5 wt%, and up to about 30% is effective.

Although the catalytic effect is the same when it exceeds 30%,
This is not practical because only the strength of the composition becomes brittle.

Furthermore, in putting this remover into practical use, it is essential to add carboxymethyl cellulose (C, M, C) or the like for the purpose of improving strength under high temperature and high humidity conditions.

The blending ratio of alkali is desirably 70% or less from the viewpoint of stability as a composition.

If this is exceeded, disintegration becomes a problem.

In addition, the present inventors have already discovered that a catalyst consisting of a cured product containing powdered activated carbon, an alkali, and a cement agent as main components and supporting one or more platinum metal elements has an excellent carbon monoxide purification ability at around room temperature. I filed an application after discovering that it has the following properties.

The most important feature of the catalyst, which uses a cured composition containing powdered activated carbon, an alkali, and a cementing agent to support one or more platinum metal elements, lies in its composition carrier. From the viewpoint of suitability as a manufacturing technique in which kneading and molding is performed by adding alkali metals, hydroxides or carbonates of alkali metals having higher solubility are preferable.

In addition, as a cement agent, a material that forms a stable porous body as a hydraulic material can be effective to some extent, but in the case of aluminates of alkaline earth metals, they have a promoter effect. A significantly highly active phase is obtained, which is thought to be due to the following.

In particular, alumina cement whose main component is lime aluminate is best.

As mentioned above, the performance of the catalyst using a composition carrier mainly composed of potassium carbonate, lime aluminate, and powdered activated carbon was evaluated in the fourth study.
As shown in the figure.

There is an optimum range for the combination of potassium carbonate, lime aluminate, and powdered activated carbon, with potassium carbonate (5 to 15%), powdered activated carbon (10 to 50%), and the remainder lime aluminate (weight ratio).

The catalyst whose characteristics are shown in Fig. 4 uses a composition consisting of 1 part of potassium carbonate, 3 parts of powdered activated carbon, and 6 parts of lime aluminate (weight ratio), and to which platinum and palladium are each added by phase weight. 0.3% of each was supported.

The catalyst activity evaluation conditions are 15°C, saturated absolute water content constant, and space velocity (SV) = 50.000 [h-
1], the inlet CO concentration is set to 1100 pp.

FIG. 4 shows the CO conversion rate when the catalyst layer temperature was changed.

Note that the catalyst of the present invention uses a particle size of 6 to 10 mesh.

Next, the catalyst adjustment method will be explained.

First, the carrier composition is prepared by adding water to each raw material, kneading it, and granulating it by, for example, extrusion molding.

This is impregnated into an aqueous solution of chloroplatinic acid and palladium chloride to a predetermined particle size, adsorbed on the surface, reduced using a reducing agent such as sodium borohydride, and then dried.

Powdered activated carbon, potassium carbonate, and lime aluminate were used as raw materials.

The amount of noble metals supported was 0.3 wt% each in the reduced state, and the reduction method was carried out by adding 10 times the reduction equivalent in mole using sodium borohydride.

The reason for the high activity as described above is as follows.

In other words, potassium carbonate is useful for high activation by realizing reduction of the precious metal from the hydroxide state by partially leaching out during the impregnation of the precious metal, and it not only increases the specific surface area but also has some effects. This contributes to further activation of activated carbon, which is presumed to have a promoter effect.

On the other hand, as a cement agent, it plays a role as a stable binder and is also related to the pore physical properties of a porous hardened material, but especially when lime aluminate is used, CaO
The co-catalytic effect of the catalyst contributes to the reactivity of the catalyst in the coexistence of water vapor, resulting in the best effect.

Regarding the above-mentioned N02 removing agent and CO purifying catalyst, since both are granulated products, they are used in the form of a filter in order to be applied to the air purifying humidifier of the present invention.

As the humidifying mechanism for the configuration of the present invention, any conventionally known humidifying mechanism can be applied.

If there is some resistance to installing a new fan, it is easier to use a type of humidifier that already has a built-in fan, such as a hot air evaporation type humidifier.

It is desirable to place a dust removal device on the upstream side of the N02 removal filter and CO purification catalyst filter to prevent clogging of the filter due to fine dust particles and to purify the air. .

Further, as the dust removal device, it is possible to apply a filtration filter using a conventionally known filter such as a nonwoven fabric or various electrostatic precipitators.

The NO2 remover and CO purification catalyst can be filtered by filling a granulated product in a mesh frame shaped like a lunch box, or by sandwiching the granulated product between two sheets of nonwoven fabric. It is possible to apply a filled one or an integrally molded one in a honeycomb shape.

The humidity characteristics of the N02 remover and CO purification catalyst are shown in Figures 5 and 6.
As shown in the figure.

Figure 5 shows 5V = 5V at 23°C for a granulated product with a diameter of 4mm.
50,000 [h-1], inlet N02 concentration 1.0-1.
It was measured under the condition of 2 ppm.

Compared to FIG. 2, the particle size of the granulated product is larger, so the performance is slightly inferior when compared under the same conditions.

Figure 6 shows a CO purification catalyst with a particle size of 8 to 20 mesh, an inlet CO concentration of 1100 pp, and 5 V = 30.000 h.
-1] at a temperature of 30°C.

Compared to FIG. 4, this shows a slightly higher overall removal rate because the particle size is finer.

The reason why this catalyst shows high catalytic activity in the coexistence of water vapor is that the reaction rate is inversely proportional to the CO concentration in the case of dry air.
Another analysis has clarified the difference between the following type of surface reaction rate-limiting type, whereas in the case of water vapor-containing air, the CO concentration is a fractional type CO2 desorption rate-limiting type. This is because water vapor contributes to the reaction between CO and O2 on the catalyst surface at the elementary reaction stage, increasing the reaction rate.

From the results shown in Figures 5 and 6 above, the performance of both tends to increase as the relative humidity increases, so the meaning of using the humidifier in conjunction with the humidifier has moved beyond the realm of mere compounding, and has become an extremely new effect. It is useful.

Humidifiers are required under dry conditions in winter, but when considering energy conservation in winter, it is undesirable to exchange air as much as possible through ventilation, and in this case, indoor contamination becomes a problem due to the degree of airtightness.

If we try to effectively prevent indoor contamination using the above-mentioned harmful gas removal filter, the performance of the harmful gas removal filter under dry conditions is insufficient, so we need to supply the necessary moisture. However, the combination of the two solves the need for humidification.

Furthermore, in the case of a spray-type humidifier, there is a concern that suspended particles contained in the water are sprayed at the same time, leading to dust contamination indoors, but when used in conjunction with a dust removal device, it is possible to prevent this contamination. Helpful.

In the actual equipment configuration, based on the characteristics of the harmful gas remover shown in Figures 5 and 6, the relative humidity of the packed bed portion is 20%.
It is preferable to arrange it at a position that is in the range of ~80% in order to achieve the maximum effect.

The humidifier of the present invention exhibits the excellent effects described above.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a schematic explanatory diagram of a humidifier in the first practical case of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing the second practical case of the present invention, and Fig. 3 is a representative performance diagram of the composition of the NO2 remover. There is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between space velocity (SV) and removal rate, Figure 4 is C
A characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the temperature of the O purification catalyst and the CO conversion rate, Figure 5 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the relative humidity in the air of the NO2 removal agent and the NO2 removal rate, and Figure 6 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the temperature and the CO conversion rate of the CO purification catalyst. It is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the relative humidity inside and the CO conversion rate. 1... Apparatus body, 4... Ultrasonic humidifier, 5... Ultrasonic vibrator, 6... Fan, 7... Catalytic filter for CO purification, 8...
... NO2 removal filter, 12 ... Device main body, 13 ... Pan-shaped humidification tank, 14 ...
・Heating sheathed heater, 15...Fan, 17
...NO2 removal filter, 18...
CO purification catalyst filter.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. In a humidifier having a mechanism such as evaporation or spraying, in the flow path of forced air flow by a fan (i) a filter made of a composition containing powdered activated carbon, an alkali, and a cement agent as main components (ii) At least one device selected from the group (i) and (ii) of a filter comprising a catalyst in which one or more platinum metal elements are supported on a hardened body containing powdered activated carbon, an alkali, and a cement agent as main components, or A humidifier characterized by a filter. 2. The alkali is composed of an alkali metal hydroxide or carbonate, and the cementing agent is characterized by using one or more selected from the group of alkaline earth metal hydroxides, aluminates, or sulfates. Claim 1:
Humidifier as described in section. 3 A filter consisting of a composition of potassium carbonate: 3 parts;
The humidification according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a composition comprising 3 parts of potassium hydroxide, 2 parts of powdered activated carbon, and 2 parts of calcium sulfate (all by weight) is used. vessel. 4. The filter comprising a catalyst uses a catalyst in which platinum and palladium are supported on a carrier consisting of 3 parts of powdered activated carbon, 6 parts of lime aluminate, and 1 part of potassium carbonate. The humidifier according to item 1 or 2. 5. The humidifier according to claim 1, wherein each of the filters (i) and (ii) is disposed in a portion where the relative humidity within the device body is between 20% and 80%.