JPS5811983B2 - Silage preparation method - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for preparing silage made from rice straw or wheat culm, and in particular to a method for producing silage with high feed value by using citrus waste, which has conventionally been used only as filler for feed. The present invention relates to a method for preparing silage.

As dairy farming develops, the need for silage is becoming extremely high, but in Japan, where the absolute amount of high-quality grass is limited, there is an urgent need to secure raw materials for silage other than grass.

As a result, rice straw and wheat culm have attracted attention, and for example, silage is being produced using dried rice straw and raw persimmon straw as raw materials.

However, the water-soluble sugars (hereinafter referred to as WSC) in rice straw and wheat culms are mainly starch, unlike grass, and the amount is much lower than in grass (generally 13-18%, Italian 18-28%). (20-35% for corn) (16-8% for fresh persimmon straw, 12-8% for dry rice straw, 2-8% for wheat culm).

Therefore, even if used as is as a raw material for lactic acid fermentation, very good silage cannot be obtained, and the quality is not high enough to be used as a substitute for grass.

This becomes a particular problem when the crop is left for a long time after being harvested, especially when it is exposed to rain during the period of time when it is left unused.
As shown in the above example, the amount of decrease in SC after reaping cannot be ignored.

In other words, in the case of raw persimmon straw, in addition to water and lactic acid bacteria, beet pulp is mixed as necessary to make silage, but in the case of dried rice straw, the WSC decreases and almost no residual material is left. Because it is present in the intracellular solution,
The quality of silage obtained by the above method is poor.

For this reason, when dry straw is used as a raw material, sugars such as glucose and molasses are added, and in some cases, grasses such as red clover are added to make mixed silage.

Also, in the case of main straw, sugars are sometimes added to produce high-quality silage.

However, the addition of sugars not only has the disadvantage of rising prices, but also poses a problem in that it makes it difficult to adjust the moisture content, which has become a practical bottleneck.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and is primarily intended to explore additives for silage that can replace sugars and to establish a method for preparing silage at low cost and of good quality.

The gist of the silage adjustment method according to the present invention is to add citrus waste peel powder to rice straw and/or barley culm, or to add lactic acid bacteria together with the powder for fermentation.

The structure and effects of the present invention will be explained below with a focus on preferred embodiments, but like the embodiments described in the claims, this is not intended to limit the present invention, but in accordance with the spirit of the preceding and following. Any modifications are within the technical scope of the present invention.

The production volume of citrus fruits, such as Satsuma mandarin oranges, is approximately 3.5 million tons (1978) in Japan, of which less than 20% is processed for juice.

When producing juice, juice is usually squeezed using a method called the in-line method, but at this time only about 50% of the whole fruit is used as juice, and about half of the waste peel is not used properly. The reality is that they are dried using various methods and then discarded as dried peel.

However, when we analyzed the peel components of Satsuma mandarin oranges, for example, the components were as shown in Table 1, and the total sugar content reached approximately 38%.

In addition, about half of the total sugar (18.4% of the pericarp) is direct reducing sugar, and it was thought that it would be extremely effective for lactic acid fermentation of silage.

There are mainly two methods for processing the waste peel, and the first conventional method, which has been used for a long time, is to dry the entire amount.

The second method is an improved method that has recently been attracting attention, and involves re-juicing during the drying process and concentrating it to produce concentrated fruit juice called citrus molasses as a by-product.

The sugar content in this concentrated fruit juice is extremely high, and it is used as a feed filler in some cases, and it has already been proven that it is harmless to wood and livestock.

However, citrus molasses is a liquid with extremely low stability due to its eutrophic nature, and it is difficult to handle because it undergoes fermentation and deterioration when left alone.

Therefore, the present inventors considered turning this into a dry powder and using it for silage fermentation, and completed the present invention.

It should be noted that the dried pericarp obtained by the first (conventional) method, the second (conventional) method, etc.
Dried fruit peels obtained by re-squeezing according to the method (Improved) can also be powdered and applied to the present invention, and powders of waste peels obtained from citrus fruits other than Satsuma mandarin oranges, such as summer mandarin oranges and ponkans, as well as juices. Powder of waste peels generated from places other than factories (for example, canning factories, etc.) can also be used in the present invention.

Furthermore, there are no particular restrictions on the amount of sugar or moisture in these powders, and a rough guideline for moisture is around 10%, but any moisture content is permissible as long as it does not adversely affect spoilage resistance or handleability. Ru.

Next, the amount of these powders added is 100% of rice straw or wheat culm.
Approximately 0.5 to 16 parts by weight is appropriate.

In other words, if it is less than 0.5 parts by weight, less W in rice straw etc.
The SC replenishment effect cannot be expected, and it is difficult to perform silage fermentation stably.

Since the quality of silage improves as the blending amount increases, there is virtually no upper limit, but from the viewpoint of workability etc., 16 parts by weight was considered to be the upper limit.

A more preferred range was 2 to 8 parts by weight.

By adding citrus waste peel powder in this way, it was possible to obtain good silage without the need to specifically add lactic acid bacteria, but in general, the number of lactic acid bacteria attached to rice straw and barley culms is lower than that of grass, and if they are left untreated, lactic acid fermentation will occur. However, it was surprising that the above results were obtained by adding citrus waste peel powder without supplementing lactic acid bacteria.

However, in the case of high-moisture silage with a water content of 75% or more, or in cases such as small bag silos that are easily affected by air, it is necessary to stabilize silage fermentation by using a small amount of lactic acid bacteria. It is hoped that this will be done.

The lactic acid bacteria added here include those that do not adversely affect silage fermentation, such as Lactobacillus plantarum (L, plantarum), Lactobacillus brevis (L, brevis), Streptococcus faecalis (s, faecaris),
P. pentasacius (P. pentasa)
Examples include cocci and bacilli such as S. ceus).

In addition to the case where these are added as a lactic acid bacteria preparation, the present invention also includes a method in which plants to which these lactic acid bacteria are attached, such as grass, are added.

There is also no particular restriction on the number of viable bacteria, but if we take into consideration the level of bacteria suitable for silage madder fermentation or competition with other bacteria, the number of viable bacteria in the entire silage material should be 102 to 107/.
It is preferable to mix it so that it is contained in a proportion of 1.5 g.

When lactic acid bacteria are used in combination in this way, the fermentation of rice straw and barley culm is promoted, so the amount of the waste peel powder added may be reduced, and the lower limit of the amount added is 0.1 part by weight (preferably 1 part by weight).
is set.

However, the upper limit of blending amount is 16 parts by weight (for the same reason as above).
(preferably 8 parts by weight) is considered as a guideline.

As described above, good silage fermentation can be carried out, and there are no particular restrictions on the scale of fermentation or the type of container (whether tower fermentation or bag fermentation is used).

In the case of later application, polyvinyl chloride resin products, especially the Taicon Silo (trademark) manufactured by the present applicant, exhibited extremely excellent airtightness and ease of handling.

In other words, a tie-con silo is a bag made of waterproof fabric with a base fabric of polyester fiber and a vinyl chloride resin mixture coated on both sides, and has double openings to achieve airtight protection of the contents. .

However, it is of course not limited to tie-con silos, and it is also possible to use resins other than vinyl chloride resin mixtures as the above-mentioned coating material.In short, it is possible to use a polyester fiber as a base fabric and attach an appropriate resin to both sides of the base fabric. Bags made of tarpaulin sheets, such as tarpaulin sheets, are suitable for use.

Further, the method of manufacturing the tarpaulin sheet is not particularly limited.

That is, the tarpaulin sheet may be one in which the resin is bonded by a lamination process using a hot roll or a topping process using a calender, in addition to the one in which the resin is bonded by the above-mentioned coating.

In view of the above-mentioned gist of the present invention, the method of the present invention can also be applied to pastures that have been left to stand after being cut, or those that have sprouted ears.

Since the present invention is configured as described above, silage fermentation using fine straw or wheat culm can be carried out extremely stably, and high-quality silage that is highly palatable to livestock can be provided.

In addition, since it uses citrus rind waste powder, which is inexpensive and highly safe, it can be used in large quantities, and does not require feeding through so-called green cutting, which greatly contributes to the development of dairy farming.

As a side effect, we have provided an effective way to use waste fruit juice, for which no good use was known in the past.
A great contribution was also made in the pollution prevention program.

Next, examples of the present invention will be shown.

Example 1 Dry rice straw (moisture content 14-18%) was cut into lengths of about 1°, and water was added to obtain two types of silage raw materials with moisture content of 65% and 80%.

This was placed in a 19 J volume Horihake, and hot, powdered waste peels of state mandarin orange alone, or both the powder and lactic acid bacteria were added in the manner shown in Table 2.3.

After sealing and fermenting for 40 days, the chemical properties of the product silage were tested for palatability by non-Japanese dairy cows, and the results shown in Tables 2 and 3 were obtained.

Table 2 shows the water content of 65%, Table 3 shows the water content of 80%.
% is shown.

However, the blending amount (parts by weight) indicates the amount added to 100 parts by weight of rice straw.

The lactic acid bacteria used in this example were Lactobacillus plantarum, yeast extract: 1%, peptone: 1%, KH
An aqueous medium containing 2PO4: 0.2% and glucose: 2% was sterilized in an autoclave, cooled to room temperature, and cultured at 30° C. for 2 days after inoculation with the inoculum.

The number of viable bacteria in the silage material was determined by the following method.

Namely yeast extract 20.5%, peptone: 0.5%, KH
A counting medium consisting of 2PO: 0.2%, glucose: 2%, and agar: 2% was sterilized without pH adjustment,
CaCO3 (separately sterilized) was added during pouring into a flat plate, and the colonies in which dissolution was observed were counted.

In addition, the preference level by dairy cows was evaluated as 2 based on the following criteria: +++: quite good, square: somewhat good, 12 fair, -: somewhat poor.

Example 2 After ripening, rice was harvested and immediately cut into pieces of approximately 10 cIn length, and water was added to adjust the moisture content to 80%.

This was packed into a 1 mF volume silo.

The container was not sealed for the first 4 days, creating adverse conditions of high moisture and air infiltration, but was then sealed and left for 21 days.

The results are shown in Table 4.

Example 3 Mature two-row barley (growing area No. 17) was harvested, cut into 5-10 cTL lengths after discharge, and packed into a 1 m'' volume tie-con silo.

The moisture content at this time was approximately 65%, and the container was immediately sealed.

After standing for 35 days, the container was opened to obtain the silage shown in Table 5.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A method for preparing silage, which comprises adding citrus peel powder to fermentation when preparing silage by fermenting rice straw or wheat culm. 2. In claim 1, rice straw or wheat culm 1
0.5 to 1 part by weight of citrus waste peel powder
Preparation method of adding 6 parts by weight. 3. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein the amount of citrus waste peel powder added is 2 to 8 parts by weight. 4. The preparation method according to claim 1.2 or 3, in which fermentation is carried out in a resin sheet bag. 5. The manufacturing method according to claim 4, wherein the resin sheet bag making is a resin tarpaulin sheet bag making. 6. A method for preparing silage, which comprises adding citrus waste peel powder and lactic acid bacteria to fermentation when preparing silage by fermenting rice straw or wheat culm. 7. The preparation method according to claim 6, in which the number of viable bacteria in the silage material of the added lactic acid bacteria is 102 to 107/g. 8 In claim 6 or 7, 0.00 parts of waste citrus peel powder is added to 100 parts by weight of rice straw or wheat culm.
Preparation method of adding 2 to 16 parts by weight. 9. The preparation method according to claim 8, wherein the amount of citrus waste peel powder added is 1 to 8 parts by weight. 10. The preparation method according to claims 6 to 8 or 9, which comprises fermenting in a resin sheet bag making method. 11. The preparation method according to claim 10, wherein the resin sheet bag making is a resin tarpaulin sheet bag making.