JPS5814558B2 - excavator - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an excavator, and an object of the present invention is to provide an excavator that can automatically move forward while excavating by using the excavation force, and can easily control direction. At the point.

Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be described based on the drawings.

Reference numeral 1 denotes a front-closed horizontal cylindrical frame, and an excavation device 3 rotatable around a longitudinal axis 2 is provided at the center of the frame.

That is, the excavation device 3 includes a cylindrical shaft 5 that is supported by the frame 1 via a bearing 4 and is rotatable around the longitudinal axis 2, and a disc body attached to the protruding end (tip) of the cylindrical shaft 5. 6
and a plurality of excavating blades 7 planted on the front surface of this disc body 6.
and a passive gear 8 externally fitted and fixed near the inner end of the cylindrical shaft 5.
and a first hydraulic motor 10 which is directly connected to a drive starter wheel 9 that meshes with the passive gear 8.

Pressure water is supplied to the first water pressure motor 10 through a first branch pipe 14 branched from a main pressure water pipe 13 which is supplied with pressure water from a tank 11 via a pump 12 (an example of fluid supply means). An electromagnetic valve 15 is provided in the first branch pipe 14 to adjust the amount of water supplied and control the rotation speed of the first hydraulic motor 10 .

A drain pipe 16 from the first hydraulic motor 10 communicates with a flow path 17 in the cylindrical shaft 5, so that waste water flows out to the front surface of the disc body 6.

The cylindrical shaft 5 is movable on the longitudinal axis 2, and is configured so that the amount of protrusion of the group of cutting blades 7 relative to the front end of the frame 1 can be adjusted by its movement.

The movement of the cylinder shaft 5 is made possible by connecting the piston rod of the cylinder 19 to a ring body 18 that is rotatably fitted to the rear end thereof, and the cylinder 19 is connected to the throttle valve 20 for forward, reverse, and stop movement. It operates by connecting a branch pipe 22 with a three-way switching valve 21 interposed therebetween to the first branch pipe 14.

Note that the driven gear 8 is formed wide to allow movement of the cylindrical shaft 5.

Excavating and advancing endless track devices 23 are disposed at a plurality of locations (eight locations in the embodiment) on the outer periphery of the excavating device 3.

These endless track devices 23 include a driven wheel 24 that is pivotally supported on the front end of the frame 1, a guide wheel 25 that is pivotally supported in the middle of the frame 1, and a driving wheel 26 that is pivotally supported on the rear end side of the frame 1.
, an endless belt 27 suspended between these wheels 24 , 25 , 26 , a large number of digging blades 28 implanted on the outer surface of this endless belt 27 , and a passive gear 29 integrated with the drive wheel 26 .
, a drive gear 31 interlocked via this passive gear 30 , and a second hydraulic motor 32 directly connected to this drive gear 31 and attached to the frame 1 .

The front and outer ends of the endless belt 27 are located in slits 33 formed in the frame 1, thereby exposing the excavating blade 28 outside the frame 1.

Furthermore, the endless belt 27 is arranged such that each ring 24,
The positions of 25 and 26 are set, and the frame 1 is deformed accordingly.

Water is supplied to the second hydraulic motor 32 through a second branch pipe 34, and a drain pipe 35 is constructed to penetrate through the frame 1 and drain water to the exposed surface of the endless belt 27.

Reference numeral 36 denotes a fluid distribution device fixed to the frame 1, to which the main pressure water pipe 13 is connected to the receiving side, and each second branch pipe 34 of each endless track device 23 is connected to the distribution side.

This fluid dispensing device 36 controls the amount of fluid dispensed to a particular track device 23 and the adjacent track device 23.
The distribution amount is controlled with a certain difference between the two.

That is, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the fluid distribution device 36 includes a horizontal funnel-shaped outer cylindrical body 37 fixed to the frame 1, and a disc attached to a large diameter opening of the outer cylindrical body 37. The lid body 38 has a shape corresponding to the number of endless track devices 23 (
8) through holes 39A to 39H provided in the lid 38 at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, and circular holes that can freely move between the guide member 40 fixed in the outer cylindrical body 37 and the lid 38. Consisting of a plate-shaped shutter integrated 41 and a shutter integrated moving device 54, each through hole 39A to 39H is connected to the second branch pipe 34 to the second hydraulic motor 32 of the corresponding endless track device 23, and the outer cylinder The small diameter opening of the body 37 connects the main pressure water pipe 13, and the shutter integral 41 connects the outer cylindrical body 37.
It is formed so that all the through holes 39A to 39H can be completely opened when the hole is at the center of the hole.

The shutter integrated movement device 54 includes a plurality of cylinder devices 55 (four cylinder devices) attached to the outer cylinder 37, and a shoe 57 attached to the tip of the piston rod 56 that protrudes inward.
and a guide member 59 which has a groove 58 into which the shoe 57 is fitted and which is attached to the outer surface of the shutter unit 41.

In the main pressure water pipe 13, a solenoid valve 42 for adjusting the amount of pressure water to each endless track device 23 is provided below the branch position of the first branch pipe 14, and a solenoid valve 42 is provided below the branch position of the first branch pipe 14. A rotary joint 43 is provided.

The frame 1 supporting each endless track device 23 is configured to be rotatable around the longitudinal axis 2.

That is, numeral 44 is a cylindrical base body that can only move forward when guided into the excavated hole 45, and the rear end of the frame 1 is fitted onto the small diameter tip 44a of the base body so that it can only rotate.

Reference numeral 46 denotes an annular internal gear fixed to the inner periphery of the rear end of the frame 1, with which a drive gear 48 directly connected to a transmission 47 is constantly engaged.

The transmission 47 and a third hydraulic motor 49 interlocked with the transmission 47 are fixed to the cylindrical base body 44, and the third hydraulic motor 49 is connected to the upper main body of the rotary joint 43 via a third branch pipe 50. Connect to pressure water pipe 13.

Reference numeral 51 denotes a muddy water drainage pipe, which opens at the bottom of an annular recess 52 formed in the cylindrical base body 44.

It should be noted that each endless track device 23 is inclined at an appropriate angle O so that the rear end side thereof is located on the rear side in the frame rotation direction 53 with respect to the front end thereof.

Next, the excavation work will be explained.

First, the pump 12 is started and the main pressure water pipe 13 supplies pressurized water.

This causes each hydraulic motor 10, 32, 49 to operate.

That is, the excavation device 3 is operated by the first hydraulic motor 10, and the rotating excavation blade 7 excavates the front (center portion) of the frame 1.

At the same time, each endless track device 23 is operated by the second hydraulic motor 32.
is activated to rotate the endless belt 27. At this time, the digging blade 28 moves from the driven wheel 24 to the guide wheel 25.
Excavation of the surrounding area will be carried out during the move.

Furthermore, at this time, each endless track device 2 installed at an angle
3 rotates gently around the longitudinal axis 2 together with the frame 1 due to the operation of the third hydraulic motor 49, so that excavation by each excavation blade 28 does not result in any remaining excavation and is subject to unexpected resistance. Thus, the desired excavation hole 45 is formed.

During such excavation work, the water from the first hydraulic motor 10 is discharged to the front of the disc body 6, and the water from the second hydraulic motor 32 is discharged to the outer periphery of the frame 1, thereby turning the excavated soil into muddy water. The muddy water reaches the annular recess 52 and is discharged to the ground side via the muddy water discharge pipe 51.

The forward force is applied by the digging blades 28 of each endless track device 23 biting into the surface to be excavated.

Therefore, by controlling the electromagnetic valve 42 to change the speed of the endless belt 27, its excavation advance speed can be adjusted.

Further, by controlling the cylinder 19 to change the distance l between the tips of the nine excavating blades 28, or by controlling the electromagnetic valve 15 to change the rotational speed of the excavating device 3, the digging blades 28 of each endless track device 23 can be controlled. The amount of filling can be adjusted,
This makes it possible to control excavation into hard and soft ground.

The above operation is performed with the shutter assembly 41 positioned at the center of the outer cylinder 37, as shown by solid lines in FIGS. 3 and 4, that is, with all through holes 39A to 39H completely open. Therefore, each cylinder device 5
5 and gradually displaces the shutter unit 41 in either direction by sliding the guide member 59 using the groove 58 against the shoe 57, first, the through hole in the direction of displacement gradually closes. Then, after a short delay, the through holes adjacent to the through hole are gradually closed.

Through such changes, the amount of water supplied to the second hydraulic motor 32 of each endless track device 23 is controlled, thereby reducing the rotation (excavation) speed of a particular endless track device 23 and the adjacent endless track device. 23 can be slightly reduced.

As a result, the excavation speed of the specific endless track device 23 side of the excavator decreases, and the excavation machine gradually changes its attitude (direction) toward the opposite side while maintaining the normal excavation speed.

Note that if water is injected without using drainage, each hydraulic motor 10, 32, 49 can be replaced with an air motor or the like.

In addition, segments are assembled into the excavated hole 45, or a tube is formed using a tube forming machine.

According to the present invention described above, a cylindrical base body 44 that can only move forward while being guided into an excavation hole 45 is provided, and the rear end of the frame 1 formed in a front-closed horizontal cylindrical shape is attached to the small diameter tip 44a of this cylindrical base body 44. The frame 1 is rotatably fitted around the longitudinal axis 2 and provided with rotation drive devices 46 to 49.
At the center of the frame, there is provided an excavating device 3 which is rotatable around the longitudinal axis 2 and whose excavating blade 7 protrudes beyond the front surface of the frame 1, and its rotation drive devices 8 to 10 are provided.
Track devices 23 are provided at a plurality of locations on the outer periphery of the excavation device 3, and these track devices 23 are arranged in the front-rear direction, and the front and outer sides are formed in slits 33 formed in the frame 1.
an endless belt 27 located on the outer surface of the endless belt 27, a large number of digging blades 28 that are implanted on the outer surface of the endless belt 27 and protrude from the frame 1 at the front and outer positions, and rotary drive devices 29 to 3.
2, the excavation device 3 excavates the central portion, and the excavation blade 28 of the endless track device 23, which rotates around the longitudinal axis 2, excavates the outer periphery to the desired extent. excavation work can be carried out, and furthermore, the entire advancement can be carried out automatically by utilizing the biting force of the excavation blade 28 of the endless track device 23 during excavation.

In particular, according to the present invention, the rotation drive devices 29 to 32 of the endless track device 23 are configured to be driven by fluid pressure from the fluid supply means 12, and the rotation drive devices of the fluid supply means 12 and each of the endless track devices 23 A fluid distribution device 36 is provided between 29 and 32, and this fluid distribution device 36 controls the distribution amount to adjacent track devices 23 with a certain difference as it controls the distribution amount to a particular track device 23. By controlling the amount of fluid distributed to the desired track device 23, the rotation (excavation) speed of the track device 23 is reduced and the direction of the excavator is reversed. can be changed to the side,
Furthermore, since not only the speed of a specific endless track device 23 but also the speed of adjacent endless track devices 23 is reduced, although there is a certain difference, a reasonable change can be made.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawings show one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1 is a longitudinal side view;
2 is a schematic front view, FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view of the main part, and FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 3. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1...Frame, 2...Anteroposterior axis, 3...Drilling device, 7...Drilling blade, 8-10...Rotation drive device, 12...Fluid supply means, 23...・Certain track equipment,
27...Endless belt, 28...Drilling blade, 29-32
...Rotary drive device, 33...Slit, 36...
Fluid distribution device, 41... Shutter integrated, 44... Cylindrical base, 44a... Small diameter tip, 45... Excavation hole, 4
6-49...Rotation drive device, 54...Shutter integral movement device. 36...Fluid distribution device, 41...Shutter integrated, 4
4... Cylindrical base body, 44a... Small diameter tip, 45...
Excavation hole, 46-49...Rotation drive device, 54...Shutter integral movement device.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 Cylindrical base body 4 that can only move forward while being guided by the excavation hole 45
4, and the rear end of the frame 1 formed into a front-closed, horizontally cylindrical shape at the small-diameter tip 44a of the cylindrical base body 44 is connected to the front-rear force direction axis 2.
The rotary drive device 46 is rotatably fitted around the rotary drive device 46.
- 49 are provided in the center of the frame 1, and are rotatable around the longitudinal axis 2, and the excavating blade 7 is attached to the frame 1.
An excavating device 3 is provided that protrudes from the front surface of the excavating device 3, and its rotation drive devices 8 to 10 are provided, and endless track devices 23 are provided at a plurality of locations on the outer periphery of the excavating device 3, and these endless track devices 23 are arranged in the front and back direction. An endless belt 2 whose front and outer sides are located in slits 33 formed in the frame 1.
7, a large number of digging blades 28 which are implanted on the outer surface of the endless belt 27 and protrude from the frame 1 at the front and outer positions, and rotational drive devices 29 to 32, which control the rotation of the endless track device 23. The drive devices 29 to 32 are configured to be driven by fluid pressure from the fluid supply means 12, and
A fluid distribution device 36 is provided between these fluid supply means 12 and the rotary drive devices 29 to 32 of each endless track device 23, and this fluid distribution device 36 is arranged to Track device 23
An excavator configured to control the distribution amount with a certain difference.